1
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Kang BG, Shende M, Inci G, Park SH, Jung JS, Kim SB, Kim JH, Mo YW, Seo JH, Feng JH, Kim SC, Lim SS, Suh HW, Lee JY. Combination of metformin/efavirenz/fluoxetine exhibits profound anticancer activity via a cancer cell-specific ROS amplification. Cancer Biol Ther 2023; 24:20-32. [PMID: 36588385 PMCID: PMC9809943 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2022.2161803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The possible anticancer activity of combination (M + E + F) of metformin (M), efavirenz (E), and fluoxetine (F) was investigated in normal HDF cells and HCT116 human colon cancer cells. Metformin increased cellular FOXO3a, p-FOXO3a, AMPK, p-AMPK, and MnSOD levels in HDFs but not in HCT116 cells. Cellular ATP level was decreased only in HDFs by metformin. Metformin increased ROS level only in HCT116 cells. Transfection of si-FOXO3a into HCT116 reversed the metformin-induced cellular ROS induction, indicating that FOXO3a/MnSOD is the key regulator for cellular ROS level. Viability readout with M, E, and F alone decreased slightly, but the combination of three drugs dramatically decreased cell survival in HCT116, A549, and SK-Hep-1 cancer cells but not in HDF cells. ROS levels in HCT116 cells were massively increased by M + E + F combination, but not in HDF cells. Cell cycle analysis showed that of M + E + F combination caused cell death only in HCT116 cells. The combination of M + E + F reduced synergistically mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I and III activities in HCT116 cells when compared with individual treatments. Western blot analysis indicated that DNA damage, apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis-realated factors increased in M + E + F-treated HCT116 cells. Oral administration with M + E + F combination for 3 weeks caused dramatic reductions in tumor volume and weight in HCT116 xenograft model of nude mice when compared with untreated ones. Our results suggest that M + E + F have profound anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo via a cancer cell-specific ROS amplification (CASRA) through ROS-induced DNA damage, apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom-Goo Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Madhuri Shende
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gozde Inci
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sung-Chan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Won Suh
- FrontBio Inc, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea,Hong-Won Suh Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdeahak-gil, Chuncheon24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea,FrontBio Inc, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea,CONTACT Jae-Yong Lee
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2
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Rosell-Hidalgo A, Eakins J, Walker P, Moore AL, Ghafourian T. Risk Assessment of Psychotropic Drugs on Mitochondrial Function Using In Vitro Assays. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3272. [PMID: 38137493 PMCID: PMC10741027 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are potential targets responsible for some drug- and xenobiotic-induced organ toxicities. However, molecular mechanisms of drug-induced mitochondrial toxicities are mostly unknown. Here, multiple in vitro assays were used to investigate the effects of 22 psychotropic drugs on mitochondrial function. The acute extracellular flux assay identified inhibitors of the electron transport chain (ETC), i.e., aripiprazole, phenytoin, and fluoxetine, an uncoupler (reserpine), substrate inhibitors (quetiapine, carbamazepine, buspirone, and tianeptine), and cytotoxic compounds (chlorpromazine and valproic acid) in HepG2 cells. Using permeabilized HepG2 cells revealed minimum effective concentrations of 66.3, 6730, 44.5, and 72.1 µM for the inhibition of complex-I-linked respiration for quetiapine, valproic acid, buspirone, and fluoxetine, respectively. Assessing complex-II-linked respiration in isolated rat liver mitochondria revealed haloperidol is an ETC inhibitor, chlorpromazine is an uncoupler in basal respiration and an ETC inhibitor under uncoupled respiration (IC50 = 135 µM), while olanzapine causes a mild dissipation of the membrane potential at 50 µM. This research elucidates some mechanisms of drug toxicity and provides some insight into their safety profile for clinical drug decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rosell-Hidalgo
- Cyprotex Discovery Ltd., No. 24 Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK; (A.R.-H.); (J.E.)
| | - Julie Eakins
- Cyprotex Discovery Ltd., No. 24 Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK; (A.R.-H.); (J.E.)
| | - Paul Walker
- Cyprotex Discovery Ltd., No. 24 Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK; (A.R.-H.); (J.E.)
| | - Anthony L. Moore
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK;
| | - Taravat Ghafourian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry & Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
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3
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Alitalo O, González-Hernández G, Rosenholm M, Kohtala P, Matsui N, Müller HK, Theilmann W, Klein A, Kärkkäinen O, Rozov S, Rantamäki T, Kohtala S. Linking Hypothermia and Altered Metabolism with TrkB Activation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3212-3225. [PMID: 37551888 PMCID: PMC10485900 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Many mechanisms have been proposed to explain acute antidepressant drug-induced activation of TrkB neurotrophin receptors, but several questions remain. In a series of pharmacological experiments, we observed that TrkB activation induced by antidepressants and several other drugs correlated with sedation, and most importantly, coinciding hypothermia. Untargeted metabolomics of pharmacologically dissimilar TrkB activating treatments revealed effects on shared bioenergetic targets involved in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) breakdown and synthesis, demonstrating a common perturbation in metabolic activity. Both activation of TrkB signaling and hypothermia were recapitulated by administration of inhibitors of glucose and lipid metabolism, supporting a close relationship between metabolic inhibition and neurotrophic signaling. Drug-induced TrkB phosphorylation was independent of electroencephalography slow-wave activity and remained unaltered in knock-in mice with the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met allele, which have impaired activity-dependent BDNF release, alluding to an activation mechanism independent from BDNF and neuronal activity. Instead, we demonstrated that the active maintenance of body temperature prevents activation of TrkB and other targets associated with antidepressants, including p70S6 kinase downstream of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). Increased TrkB, GSK3β, and p70S6K phosphorylation was also observed during recovery sleep following sleep deprivation, when a physiological temperature drop is known to occur. Our results suggest that the changes in bioenergetics and thermoregulation are causally connected to TrkB activation and may act as physiological regulators of signaling processes involved in neuronal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okko Alitalo
- Laboratory
of Neurotherapeutics, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology
and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- SleepWell
Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Gemma González-Hernández
- Laboratory
of Neurotherapeutics, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology
and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- SleepWell
Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Marko Rosenholm
- Laboratory
of Neurotherapeutics, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology
and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- SleepWell
Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Center
for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Piia Kohtala
- Laboratory
of Neurotherapeutics, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology
and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- SleepWell
Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Department
of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Nobuaki Matsui
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Gifu University of Medical
Science, 4-3-3 Nijigaoka,
Kani, Gifu 509-0293, Japan
| | - Heidi Kaastrup Müller
- Translational
Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark
| | - Wiebke Theilmann
- Laboratory
of Neurotherapeutics, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology
and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Anders Klein
- Novo
Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
- Department
of Drug Design & Pharmacology, University
of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Olli Kärkkäinen
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
- Afekta
Technologies Ltd., Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Stanislav Rozov
- Laboratory
of Neurotherapeutics, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology
and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- SleepWell
Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Tomi Rantamäki
- Laboratory
of Neurotherapeutics, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology
and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- SleepWell
Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Samuel Kohtala
- Laboratory
of Neurotherapeutics, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology
and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- SleepWell
Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Department
of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
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4
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Ľupták M, Fišar Z, Hroudová J. Different Effects of SSRIs, Bupropion, and Trazodone on Mitochondrial Functions and Monoamine Oxidase Isoform Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1208. [PMID: 37371937 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders and can be used as a modulator and/or predictor of treatment responsiveness. Understanding the mitochondrial effects of antidepressants is important to connect mitochondria with their therapeutic and/or adverse effects. Pig brain-isolated mitochondria were used to evaluate antidepressant-induced changes in the activity of electron transport chain (ETC) complexes, monoamine oxidase (MAO), mitochondrial respiratory rate, and ATP. Bupropion, escitalopram, fluvoxamine, sertraline, paroxetine, and trazodone were tested. All tested antidepressants showed significant inhibition of complex I and IV activities at high concentrations (50 and 100 µmol/L); complex II + III activity was reduced by all antidepressants except bupropion. Complex I-linked respiration was reduced by escitalopram >> trazodone >> sertraline. Complex II-linked respiration was reduced only by bupropion. Significant positive correlations were confirmed between complex I-linked respiration and the activities of individual ETC complexes. MAO activity was inhibited by all tested antidepressants, with SSRIs causing a greater effect than trazodone and bupropion. The results indicate a probable association between the adverse effects of high doses of antidepressants and drug-induced changes in the activity of ETC complexes and the respiratory rate of mitochondria. In contrast, MAO inhibition could be linked to the antidepressant, procognitive, and neuroprotective effects of the tested antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Ľupták
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hroudová
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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5
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Lam XJ, Xu B, Yeo PL, Cheah PS, Ling KH. Mitochondria dysfunction and bipolar disorder: From pathology to therapy. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023; 14:407-418. [PMID: 37388495 PMCID: PMC10300489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the major psychiatric diseases in which the impairment of mitochondrial functions has been closely connected or associated with the disease pathologies. Different lines of evidence of the close connection between mitochondria dysfunction and BD were discussed with a particular focus on (1) dysregulation of energy metabolism, (2) effect of genetic variants, (3) oxidative stress, cell death and apoptosis, (4) dysregulated calcium homeostasis and electrophysiology, and (5) current as well as potential treatments targeting at restoring mitochondrial functions. Currently, pharmacological interventions generally provide limited efficacy in preventing relapses or recovery from mania or depression episodes. Thus, understanding mitochondrial pathology in BD will lead to novel agents targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and formulating new effective therapy for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jieh Lam
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Unversiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bingzhe Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 Daxuecheng Outer Ring E Rd, Panyu Qu, Guangzhou Shi, Guangdong 511434, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Ling Yeo
- School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pike-See Cheah
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Unversiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Unversiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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6
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Ľupták M, Fišar Z, Hroudová J. Agomelatine, Ketamine and Vortioxetine Attenuate Energy Cell Metabolism-In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213824. [PMID: 36430306 PMCID: PMC9697131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This determination of the mitochondrial effect of pharmacologically different antidepressants (agomelatine, ketamine and vortioxetine) was evaluated and quantified in vitro in pig brain-isolated mitochondria. We measured the activity of mitochondrial complexes, citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase and monoamine oxidase, and the mitochondrial respiratory rate. Total hydrogen peroxide production and ATP production were assayed. The most potent inhibitor of all mitochondrial complexes and complex I-linked respiration was vortioxetine. Agomelatine and ketamine inhibited only complex IV activity. None of the drugs affected complex II-linked respiration, citrate synthase or malate dehydrogenase activity. Hydrogen peroxide production was mildly increased by agomelatine, which might contribute to increased oxidative damage and adverse effects at high drug concentrations. Vortioxetine significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide concentrations, which might suggest antioxidant mechanism activation. All tested antidepressants were partial MAO-A inhibitors, which might contribute to their antidepressant effect. We observed vortioxetine-induced MAO-B inhibition, which might be linked to decreased hydrogen peroxide formation and contribute to its procognitive and neuroprotective effects. Mitochondrial dysfunction could be linked to the adverse effects of vortioxetine, as vortioxetine is the most potent inhibitor of mitochondrial complexes and complex I-linked respiration. Clarifying the molecular interaction between drugs and mitochondria is important to fully understand their mechanism of action and the connection between their mechanisms and their therapeutic and/or adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Ľupták
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hroudová
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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Analysis of Mitochondrial Function in Cell Membranes as Indicator of Tissue Vulnerability to Drugs in Humans. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050980. [PMID: 35625717 PMCID: PMC9138415 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug side effects are one of the main reasons for treatment withdrawal during clinical trials. Reactive oxygen species formation is involved in many of the drug side effects, mainly by interacting with the components of the cellular respiration. Thus, the early detection of these effects in the drug discovery process is a key aspect for the optimization of pharmacological research. To this end, the superoxide formation of a series of drugs and compounds with antidepressant, antipsychotic, anticholinergic, narcotic, and analgesic properties was evaluated in isolated bovine heart membranes and on cell membrane microarrays from a collection of human tissues, together with specific inhibitors of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Fluphenazine and PB28 promoted similar effects to those of rotenone, but with lower potency, indicating a direct action on mitochondrial complex I. Moreover, nefazodone, a drug withdrawn from the market due to its mitochondrial hepatotoxic effects, evoked the highest superoxide formation in human liver cell membranes, suggesting the potential of this technology to anticipate adverse effects in preclinical phases.
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8
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Elexpe A, Nieto N, Fernández-Cuétara C, Domínguez-Fernández C, Morera-Herreras T, Torrecilla M, Miguélez C, Laso A, Ochoa E, Bailen M, González-Coloma A, Angulo-Barturen I, Astigarraga E, Barreda-Gómez G. Study of Tissue-Specific Reactive Oxygen Species Formation by Cell Membrane Microarrays for the Characterization of Bioactive Compounds. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11120943. [PMID: 34940444 PMCID: PMC8705675 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases considerably in situations of cellular stress, inducing lipid peroxidation and multiple alterations in proteins and nucleic acids. However, sensitivity to oxidative damage varies between organs and tissues depending on the triggering process. Certain drugs used in the treatment of diverse diseases such as malaria have side effects similar to those produced by oxidative damage, although no specific study has been conducted. For this purpose, cell membrane microarrays were developed and the superoxide production evoked by the mitochondrial activity was assayed in the presence of specific inhibitors: rotenone, antimycin A and azide. Once the protocol was set up on cell membrane isolated from rat brain areas, the effect of six antimalarial drugs (atovaquone, quinidine, doxycycline, mefloquine, artemisinin, and tafenoquine) and two essential oils (Rosmarinus officinalis and Origanum majoricum) were evaluated in multiple human samples. The basal activity was different depending on the type of tissue, the liver, jejunum and adrenal gland being the ones with the highest amount of superoxide. The antimalarial drugs studied showed specific behavior according to the type of human tissue analyzed, with atovaquone and quinidine producing the highest percentage of superoxide formation, and doxycycline the lowest. In conclusion, the analysis of superoxide production evaluated in cell membranes of a collection of human tissues allowed for the characterization of the safety profile of these antimalarial drugs against toxicity mediated by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Elexpe
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48160 Derio, Spain; (A.E.); (N.N.); (C.D.-F.); (E.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (T.M.-H.); (M.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Nerea Nieto
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48160 Derio, Spain; (A.E.); (N.N.); (C.D.-F.); (E.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (T.M.-H.); (M.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Claudia Fernández-Cuétara
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomus University of Madrid UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (C.F.-C.); (M.B.)
| | - Celtia Domínguez-Fernández
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48160 Derio, Spain; (A.E.); (N.N.); (C.D.-F.); (E.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (T.M.-H.); (M.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Teresa Morera-Herreras
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (T.M.-H.); (M.T.); (C.M.)
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Instiute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - María Torrecilla
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (T.M.-H.); (M.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristina Miguélez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (T.M.-H.); (M.T.); (C.M.)
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Instiute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Antonio Laso
- Research and Development Division, AleoVitro, 48160 Derio, Spain; (A.L.); (E.O.)
| | - Eneko Ochoa
- Research and Development Division, AleoVitro, 48160 Derio, Spain; (A.L.); (E.O.)
| | - María Bailen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomus University of Madrid UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (C.F.-C.); (M.B.)
| | - Azucena González-Coloma
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Egoitz Astigarraga
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48160 Derio, Spain; (A.E.); (N.N.); (C.D.-F.); (E.A.)
| | - Gabriel Barreda-Gómez
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48160 Derio, Spain; (A.E.); (N.N.); (C.D.-F.); (E.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-94-4316-577; Fax: +34-94-6013-455
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9
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Lithium augmentation of ketamine increases insulin signaling and antidepressant-like active stress coping in a rodent model of treatment-resistant depression. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:598. [PMID: 34824208 PMCID: PMC8617175 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01716-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium, a mood stabilizer and common adjunctive treatment for refractory depression, shares overlapping mechanisms of action with ketamine and enhances the duration of ketamine's antidepressant actions in rodent models at sub-therapeutic doses. Yet, in a recent clinical trial, lithium co-treatment with ketamine failed to improve antidepressant outcomes in subjects previously shown to respond to ketamine alone. The potential for lithium augmentation to improve antidepressant outcomes in ketamine nonresponders, however, has not been explored. The current study examined the behavioral, molecular and metabolic actions of lithium and ketamine co-treatment in a rodent model of antidepressant resistance. Male Wistar rats were administered adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH; 100 µg/day, i.p. over 14 days) and subsequently treated with ketamine (10 mg/kg; 2 days; n = 12), lithium (37 mg/kg; 2 days; n = 12), ketamine + lithium (10 mg/kg + 37 mg/kg; 2 days; n = 12), or vehicle saline (0.9%; n = 12). Rats were subjected to open field (6 min) and forced swim tests (6 min). Peripheral blood and brain prefrontal cortical (PFC) tissue was collected one hour following stress exposure. Western blotting was used to determine the effects of treatment on extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK); mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), phospho kinase B (Akt), and glycogen synthase kinase-3ß (GSK3ß) protein levels in the infralimbic (IL) and prelimbic (PL) subregions of the PFC. Prefrontal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rates (ECAR) were also determined in anterior PFC tissue at rest and following stimulation with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). Blood plasma levels of mTOR and insulin were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Overall, rats receiving ketamine+lithium displayed a robust antidepressant response to the combined treatment as demonstrated through significant reductions in immobility time (p < 0.05) and latency to immobility (p < 0.01). These animals also had higher expression of plasma mTOR (p < 0.01) and insulin (p < 0.001). Tissue bioenergetics analyses revealed that combined ketamine+lithium treatment did not significantly alter the respiratory response to BDNF or TNFα. Animals receiving both ketamine and lithium had significantly higher phosphorylation (p)-to-total expression ratios of mTOR (p < 0.001) and Akt (p < 0.01), and lower ERK in the IL compared to control animals. In contrast, pmTOR/mTOR levels were reduced in the PL of ketamine+lithium treated animals, while pERK/ERK expression levels were elevated. Taken together, these data demonstrate that lithium augmentation of ketamine in antidepressant nonresponsive animals improves antidepressant-like behavioral responses under stress, together with peripheral insulin efflux and region-specific PFC insulin signaling.
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10
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Fišar Z, Ľupták M, Hroudová J. Little in vitro effect of remdesivir on mitochondrial respiration and monoamine oxidase activity in isolated mitochondria. Toxicol Lett 2021; 350:143-151. [PMID: 34311047 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Remdesivir (RDV) is a novel antiviral drug whose mitochondrial effects are not well known. In vitro effects of RDV on the mitochondrial respiration, individual respiratory complexes, and the activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO-A and MAO-B) were measured in isolated mitochondria. At micromolar RDV concentrations, minimal or no inhibitory effects on the studied mitochondrial enzymes were found. At very high concentrations of RDV, there was partial inhibition of complex I- (IC50 675 μmol/L, residual activity 39.4 %) and complex II-linked (IC50 81.8 μmol/L, residual activity 40.7 %) respiration, without inhibition of complex IV-linked respiration, and partial inhibition both of MAO-A (IC50 26.6 μmol/L, residual activity 35.2 %) and MAO-B (IC50 89.8 μmol/L, residual activity 34.0 %) activity. Individual respiratory complexes (I, II + III, and IV) were partially inhibited at a high drug concentration. The active metabolite of RDV (GS-443902) had very little effect on mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate with residual activity of 87.0 % for complex I-linked respiration, 90.3 % for complex II-linked respiration, and with no inhibition of complex IV-linked respiration. In conclusion, measurement of the effect of RDV and its active metabolite on isolated mitochondria shows that there is very little direct effect on mitochondrial respiration occurs at therapeutic drug concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Fišar
- Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ke Karlovu 11, 121 28, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Matej Ľupták
- Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Albertov 4, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hroudová
- Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ke Karlovu 11, 121 28, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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11
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Abstract
Mitochondria are targets of newly synthesized drugs and being tested for the treatment of various diseases caused or accompanied by disruption of cellular bioenergetics. In drug development, it is necessary to test for drug-induced changes in mitochondrial enzyme activity that may be related to therapeutic or adverse drug effects. Measurement of drug effect on mitochondrial oxygen consumption kinetics and/or protective effects of drugs against calcium-induced inhibition of the mitochondrial respiration can be used for the study mitochondrial toxicity and neuroprotective effects of drugs. Supposing that the drug-induced inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory rate and/or individual mitochondrial complexes is associated with adverse drug effects, the effects of drugs on mitochondrial respiration in isolated mitochondria allow selection of novel molecules that are relatively safe for mitochondrial toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Hroudová
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Fišar
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
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12
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Gumpp AM, Behnke A, Bach AM, Piller S, Boeck C, Rojas R, Kolassa IT. Mitochondrial bioenergetics in leukocytes and oxidative stress in blood serum of mild to moderately depressed women. Mitochondrion 2020; 58:14-23. [PMID: 33383159 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with lower mitochondrial energy production and higher oxidative stress. We investigated whether these alterations manifest in patients with current mild to moderate MDD severity. We observed no differences in mitochondrial respiration and density (i.e., citrate-synthase activity) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and oxidative stress markers (i.e., 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-isoprostane) in blood serum of 20 female MDD patients compared to 24 non-depressed women. Alterations in mitochondrial energy production and oxidative stress did not linearly depend on the current severity of MDD. However, biological alterations might rather manifest with higher MDD severity/chronicity and at higher age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja M Gumpp
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm, University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, DE-89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Alexander Behnke
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm, University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, DE-89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Alexandra M Bach
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm, University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, DE-89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Sophia Piller
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm, University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, DE-89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Christina Boeck
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm, University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, DE-89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Roberto Rojas
- University Psychotherapeutic Outpatient Clinic, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Schaffnerstr. 3, DE-89073 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Iris-Tatjana Kolassa
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm, University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, DE-89081 Ulm, Germany.
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13
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Fišar Z, Musílek K, Benek O, Hroch L, Vinklářová L, Schmidt M, Hroudová J, Raboch J. Effects of novel 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 inhibitors on mitochondrial respiration. Toxicol Lett 2020; 339:12-19. [PMID: 33359020 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial enzymes are targets of newly synthesized drugs being tested for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The enzyme 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (HSD10) is a multifunctional mitochondrial protein that is thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of AD and is one of the targets of new potential AD drugs. The in vitro effects of frentizole, riluzole, AG18051, and 42 novel modulators of HSD10 (potential AD drugs) on citrate synthase (CS) activity, monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, complex I- or complex II-linked mitochondrial respiratory rate, and complex I activity were measured in isolated pig brain mitochondria. Based on their minimal inhibitory effects on the respiratory rate of mitochondria and CS and complex I activity, six novel compounds were selected for further testing. Assuming that inhibition of MAO-B could be a desirable effect of AD drugs, only AG18051 and one new compound met the criteria for MAO-B inhibition with minimal drug-induced effects on mitochondrial respiration. In conclusion, our in vitro screening of mitochondrial effect of novel potential AD drugs has enabled the selection of the most promising molecules for further testing that are relatively safe in terms of drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Fišar
- Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Musílek
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondřej Benek
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Hroch
- University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Vinklářová
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Schmidt
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hroudová
- Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Raboch
- Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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14
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Effects of Novel Tacrine Derivatives on Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism and Monoamine Oxidase Activity-In Vitro Study. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:1102-1113. [PMID: 33089424 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02172-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The trends of novel AD therapeutics are focused on multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs), which combine cholinesterase inhibition with additional biological properties such as antioxidant properties to positively affect neuronal energy metabolism as well as mitochondrial function. We examined the in vitro effects of 10 novel MTDLs on the activities of mitochondrial enzymes (electron transport chain complexes and citrate synthase), mitochondrial respiration, and monoamine oxidase isoform (MAO-A and MAO-B) activity. The drug-induced effects of 7-MEOTA-adamantylamine heterodimers (K1011, K1013, K1018, K1020, and K1022) and tacrine/7-MEOTA/6-chlorotacrine-trolox heterodimers (K1046, K1053, K1056, K1060, and K1065) were measured in pig brain mitochondria. Most of the substances inhibited complex I- and complex II-linked respiration at high concentrations; K1046, K1053, K1056, and K1060 resulted in the least inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. Citrate synthase activity was not significantly inhibited by the tested substances; the least inhibition of complex I was observed for compounds K1060 and K1053, while both complex II/III and complex IV activity were markedly inhibited by K1011 and K1018. MAO-A was fully inhibited by K1018 and K1065, and MAO-B was fully inhibited by K1053 and K1065; the other tested drugs were partial inhibitors of both MAO-A and MAO-B. The tacrine/7-MEOTA/6-chlorotacrine-trolox heterodimers K1046, K1053, and K1060 seem to be the most suitable molecules for subsequent in vivo studies. These compounds had balanced inhibitory effects on mitochondrial respiration, with low complex I and complex II/III inhibition and full or partial inhibition of MAO-B activity.
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15
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Sharma S, Banjare MK, Singh N, Korábečný J, Fišar Z, Kuča K, Ghosh KK. Exploring spectroscopic insights into molecular recognition of potential anti-Alzheimer's drugs within the hydrophobic pockets of β-cycloamylose. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Feijão E, Cruz de Carvalho R, Duarte IA, Matos AR, Cabrita MT, Novais SC, Lemos MFL, Caçador I, Marques JC, Reis-Santos P, Fonseca VF, Duarte B. Fluoxetine Arrests Growth of the Model Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum by Increasing Oxidative Stress and Altering Energetic and Lipid Metabolism. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1803. [PMID: 32849412 PMCID: PMC7411086 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical residues impose a new and emerging threat to aquatic environments and its biota. One of the most commonly prescribed pharmaceuticals is the antidepressant fluoxetine, a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor that has been frequently detected, in concentrations up to 40 μg L–1, in aquatic ecosystems. The present study aims to investigate the ecotoxicity of fluoxetine at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.3, 0.6, 20, 40, and 80 μg L–1) on cell energy and lipid metabolism, as well as oxidative stress biomarkers in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Exposure to higher concentrations of fluoxetine negatively affected cell density and photosynthesis through a decrease in the active PSII reaction centers. Stress response mechanisms, like β-carotene (β-car) production and antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)] up-regulation were triggered, likely as a positive feedback mechanism toward formation of fluoxetine-induced reactive oxygen species. Lipid peroxidation products increased greatly at the highest fluoxetine concentration whereas no variation in the relative amounts of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) was observed. However, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol-characteristic fatty acids such as C16:2 and C16:3 increased, suggesting an interaction between light harvesting pigments, lipid environment, and photosynthesis stabilization. Using a canonical multivariate analysis, it was possible to evaluate the efficiency of the application of bio-optical and biochemical techniques as potential fluoxetine exposure biomarkers in P. tricornutum. An overall classification efficiency to the different levels of fluoxetine exposure of 61.1 and 88.9% were obtained for bio-optical and fatty acids profiles, respectively, with different resolution degrees highlighting these parameters as potential efficient biomarkers. Additionally, the negative impact of this pharmaceutical molecule on the primary productivity is also evident alongside with an increase in respiratory oxygen consumption. From the ecological point of view, reduction in diatom biomass due to continued exposure to fluoxetine may severely impact estuarine and coastal trophic webs, by both a reduction in oxygen primary productivity and reduced availability of key fatty acids to the dependent heterotrophic upper levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Feijão
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Cruz de Carvalho
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Irina A Duarte
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Matos
- BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Plant Functional Genomics Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cabrita
- Centro de Estudos Geográficos, Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara C Novais
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Marco F L Lemos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Isabel Caçador
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Marques
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrick Reis-Santos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Vanessa F Fonseca
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Duarte
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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17
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Emmerzaal TL, Jacobs L, Geenen B, Verweij V, Morava E, Rodenburg RJ, Kozicz T. Chronic fluoxetine or ketamine treatment differentially affects brain energy homeostasis which is not exacerbated in mice with trait suboptimal mitochondrial function. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:2986-3001. [PMID: 32644274 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antidepressants have been shown to influence mitochondrial function directly, and suboptimal mitochondrial function (SMF) has been implicated in complex psychiatric disorders. In the current study, we used a mouse model for trait SMF to test the hypothesis that chronic fluoxetine treatment in mice subjected to chronic stress would negatively impact brain bioenergetics, a response that would be more pronounced in mice with trait SMF. In contrast, we hypothesized that chronic ketamine treatment would positively impact mitochondrial function in both WT and mice with SMF. We used an animal model for trait SMF, the Ndufs4GT/GT mice, which exhibit 25% lower mitochondrial complex I activity. In addition to antidepressant treatment, mice were subjected to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). This paradigm is widely used to model complex behaviours expressed in various psychiatric disorders. We assayed several physiological indices as proxies for the impact of chronic stress and antidepressant treatment. Furthermore, we measured brain mitochondrial complex activities using clinically validated assays as well as established metabolic signatures using targeted metabolomics. As hypothesized, we found evidence that chronic fluoxetine treatment negatively impacted brain bioenergetics. This phenotype was, however, not further exacerbated in mice with trait SMF. Ketamine did not have a significant influence on brain mitochondrial function in either genotype. Here we report that trait SMF could be a moderator for an individual's response to antidepressant treatment. Based on these results, we propose that in individuals with SMF and comorbid psychopathology, fluoxetine should be avoided, whereas ketamine could be a safer choice of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim L Emmerzaal
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Leah Jacobs
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Geenen
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vivienne Verweij
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Richard J Rodenburg
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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18
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Hroudová J, Fišar Z, Hansíková H, Kališová L, Kitzlerová E, Zvěřová M, Lambertová A, Raboch J. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Blood Platelets of Patients with Manic Episode of Bipolar Disorder. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:222-231. [PMID: 30582486 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666181224130011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The bipolar affective disorder (BAD) pathophysiology is multifactorial and has not been fully clarified. METHOD We measured selected mitochondrial parameters in peripheral blood components. The analyses were performed for patients suffering from a manic episode during remission and were compared to those performed for healthy controls. BAD was clinically evaluated using well-established diagnostic scales and questionnaires. Mitochondrial respiration was examined in intact and permeabilized blood platelets using high-resolution respirometry. The citrate synthase (CS) and electron transport system (ETS) complex (complex I, II, and IV) activities were examined in platelets. RESULTS The CS, complex II and complex IV activities were decreased in the BAD patients, complex I activity was increased, and the ratio of complex I to CS was significantly increased. In the intact platelets, respiration after complex I inhibition and residual oxygen consumption were decreased in the BAD patients compared to the healthy controls. In the permeabilized platelets, a decreased ETS capacity was found in the BAD patients. No significant differences were found between BAD patients in mania and remission. CONCLUSION Increased complex I activity can be a compensatory mechanism for decreased CS and complex II and IV activities. We conclude that complex I and its abnormal activity contribute to defects in cellular energy metabolism during a manic episode and that the deficiency in the complex's functioning, but not the availability of oxidative phosphorylation substrates, seems to be responsible for the decreased ETS capacity in BAD patients. The observed parameters can be further evaluated as 'trait' markers of BAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Hroudová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hansíková
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kališová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kitzlerová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Zvěřová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Lambertová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Raboch
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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19
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Chan ST, McCarthy MJ, Vawter MP. Psychiatric drugs impact mitochondrial function in brain and other tissues. Schizophr Res 2020; 217:136-147. [PMID: 31744750 PMCID: PMC7228833 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have been linked to the etiology of schizophrenia (SZ). However, studies of mitochondria in SZ might be confounded by the effects of pharmacological treatment with antipsychotic drugs (APDs) and other common medications. This review summarizes findings on relevant mitochondria mechanisms underlying SZ, and the potential impact of psychoactive drugs including primarily APDs, but also antidepressants and anxiolytics. The summarized data suggest that APDs impair mitochondria function by decreasing Complex I activity and ATP production and dissipation of the mitochondria membrane potential. At the same time, in the brains of patients with SZ, antipsychotic drug treatment normalizes gene expression modules enriched in mitochondrial genes that are decreased in SZ. This indicates that APDs may have both positive and negative effects on mitochondria. The available evidence suggests three conclusions i) alterations in mitochondria functions in SZ exist prior to APD treatment, ii) mitochondria alterations in SZ can be reversed by APD treatment, and iii) APDs directly cause impairment of mitochondria function. Overall, the mechanisms of action of psychiatric drugs on mitochondria are both direct and indirect; we conclude the effects of APDs on mitochondria may contribute to both their therapeutic and metabolic side effects. These studies support the hypothesis that neuronal mitochondria are an etiological factor in SZ. Moreover, APDs and other drugs must be considered in the evaluation of this pathophysiological role of mitochondria in SZ. Considering these effects, pharmacological actions on mitochondria may be a worthwhile target for further APD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna T Chan
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Human Behavior and Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, USA; School of Medicine University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Michael J McCarthy
- Psychiatry Service VA San Diego Healthcare System, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Marquis P Vawter
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Human Behavior and Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, USA.
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20
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Cikánková T, Fišar Z, Hroudová J. In vitro effects of antidepressants and mood-stabilizing drugs on cell energy metabolism. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 393:797-811. [PMID: 31858154 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01791-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of drug-induced mitochondrial impairment may be important in drug development as well as in the comprehension of molecular mechanisms of the therapeutic and adverse effects of drugs. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of four drugs for treatment of depression (bupropion, fluoxetine, amitriptyline, and imipramine) and five drugs for bipolar disorder treatment (lithium, valproate, valpromide, lamotrigine, and carbamazepine) on cell energy metabolism. The in vitro effects of the selected psychopharmaca were measured in isolated pig brain mitochondria; the activities of citrate synthase (CS) and electron transport chain (ETC) complexes (I, II + III, and IV) and mitochondrial respiration rates linked to complex I and complex II were measured. Complex I was significantly inhibited by lithium, carbamazepine, fluoxetine, amitriptyline, and imipramine. The activity of complex IV was decreased after exposure to carbamazepine. The activities of complex II + III and CS were not affected by any tested drug. Complex I-linked respiration was significantly inhibited by bupropion, fluoxetine, amitriptyline, imipramine, valpromide, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine. Significant inhibition of complex II-linked respiration was observed after mitochondria were exposed to amitriptyline, fluoxetine, and carbamazepine. Our outcomes confirm the need to investigate the effects of drugs on both the total respiration rate and the activities of individual enzymes of the ETC to reveal the risk of adverse effects as well as to understand the molecular mechanisms leading to drug-induced changes in the respiratory rate. Our approach can be further replicated to study the mechanisms of action of newly developed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Cikánková
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hroudová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic. .,Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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21
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Fišar Z, Hansíková H, Křížová J, Jirák R, Kitzlerová E, Zvěřová M, Hroudová J, Wenchich L, Zeman J, Raboch J. Activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes in platelets of patients with Alzheimer's disease and depressive disorder. Mitochondrion 2019; 48:67-77. [PMID: 31377247 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed activities of complex I, II, III, and IV, and citrate synthase (CS) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) or Alzheimer's disease (AD) presenting with or without depression. Associations of these parameters with disease or disease severity were observed in both AD and MDD; however, mean values of mitochondrial parameters were significantly altered in AD but not in MDD. Potential mitochondrial dysfunction in MDD seems not to be caused by disturbed activity of CS or respiratory complexes. In AD, a decrease in the activity of CS and complex IV may cause mitochondrial dysfunction, whereas an increase in activities of other mitochondrial complexes or their ratios to CS may be an adaptive response. The data indicate that comorbid depression in AD is associated with increased complex II activity. The mitochondrial parameters measured can be included in the panel of biomarkers of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Hansíková
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Křížová
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Jirák
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Kitzlerová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Martina Zvěřová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Hroudová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, Praha 2 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - László Wenchich
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Zeman
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Raboch
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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22
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Cikánková T, Fišar Z, Bakhouche Y, Ľupták M, Hroudová J. In vitro effects of antipsychotics on mitochondrial respiration. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:1209-1223. [PMID: 31104106 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01665-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions is important in drug development as well as in the understanding of molecular mechanism of therapeutic or adverse effects of drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three typical antipsychotics (APs) and seven atypical APs on mitochondrial bioenergetics. The effects of selected APs on citrate synthase, electron transport chain complexes (ETC), and mitochondrial complex I- or complex II-linked respiratory rate were measured using mitochondria isolated from pig brain. Complex I activity was decreased by chlorpromazine, haloperidol, zotepine, aripiprazole, quetiapine, risperidone, and clozapine. Complex II + III was significantly inhibited by zotepine, aripiprazole, quetiapine, and risperidone. Complex IV was inhibited by zotepine, chlorpromazine, and levomepromazine. Mitochondrial respiratory rate was significantly inhibited by all tested APs, except for olanzapine. Typical APs did not exhibit greater efficacy in altering mitochondrial function compared to atypical APs except for complex I inhibition by chlorpromazine and haloperidol. A comparison of the effects of APs on individual respiratory complexes and on the overall mitochondrial respiration has shown that mitochondrial functions may not fully reflect the disruption of complexes of ETC, which indicates AP-induced modulation of other mitochondrial proteins. Due to the complicated processes associated with mitochondrial activity, it is necessary to measure not only the effect of the drug on individual mitochondrial enzymes but also the respiration rate of the mitochondria or a similar complex process. The experimental approach used in the study can be applied to mitochondrial toxicity testing of newly developed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Cikánková
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Yousra Bakhouche
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Ľupták
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hroudová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic. .,Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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23
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Alamo C, García-Garcia P, Lopez-Muñoz F, Zaragozá C. Tianeptine, an atypical pharmacological approach to depression. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2019; 12:170-186. [PMID: 30612921 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of the first antidepressants in the 50s of the 20th century radically changed the treatment of depression, while providing information on pathophysiological aspects of this disease. New antidepressants drugs (agomelatine, tianeptine, vortioxetine) are providing data that give rise to pathophysiological hypotheses of depression that differ from the classic monoaminergic theory. In this sense, tianeptina, an atypical drug by its mechanism of differential action, contributes to clarify that in depression there is more than monoamines. Thus, tianeptine does not modify the rate of extracellular serotonin, so it does not increase or decrease the reuptake of serotonin. Chronic administration of tianeptine does not alter the density or affinity of more than a hundred classical receptors related to depression. Recently, a weak action of tianeptine on Mu opioid receptors has been described that could explain the release of dopamine in the limbic system and its participation in the modulation of glutamatergic mechanisms. These mechanisms support the hypothesis of the possible mechanism of action of this antidepressant. Tianeptine is an antidepressant, with anxiolytic properties, that can improve somatic symptoms. Tianeptine as a glutamatergic modulator, among other mechanisms, allows us to approach depression from a different point of view than other antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilio Alamo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España.
| | - Pilar García-Garcia
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
| | - Francisco Lopez-Muñoz
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, España; Unidad de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, España
| | - Cristina Zaragozá
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
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24
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Zvěřová M, Hroudová J, Fišar Z, Hansíková H, Kališová L, Kitzlerová E, Lambertová A, Raboch J. Disturbances of mitochondrial parameters to distinguish patients with depressive episode of bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:233-240. [PMID: 30679909 PMCID: PMC6338116 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s188964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunctions are implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. We measured and examined the following selected mitochondrial parameters: citrate synthase (CS) activity, electron transport system (ETS) complex (complexes I, II, and IV) activities, and mitochondrial respiration in blood platelets. PATIENTS AND METHODS The analyses were performed for 24 patients suffering from a depressive episode of bipolar affective disorder (BD), compared to 68 patients with MDD and 104 healthy controls. BD and unipolar depression were clinically evaluated using well-established diagnostic scales and questionnaires. RESULTS The CS, complex II, and complex IV activities were decreased in the depressive episode of BD patients; complex I and complex I/CS ratio were significantly increased compared to healthy controls. We observed significantly decreased complex II and CS activities in patients suffering from MDD compared to controls. Decreased respiration after complex I inhibition and increased residual respiration were found in depressive BD patients compared to controls. Physiological respiration and capacity of the ETS were decreased, and respiration after complex I inhibition was increased in MDD patients, compared to controls. Increased complex I activity can be a compensatory mechanism for decreased CS and complex II and IV activities. CONCLUSION We can conclude that complex I and its abnormal activity contribute to the defects in cellular energy metabolism during a depressive episode of BD. The observed parameters could be used in a panel of biomarkers that could selectively distinguish BD depression from MDD and can be easily examined from blood elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zvěřová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic,
| | - Jana Hroudová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic, .,Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic,
| | - Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic,
| | - Hana Hansíková
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kališová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic,
| | - Eva Kitzlerová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic,
| | - Alena Lambertová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic,
| | - Jiří Raboch
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic,
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25
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Rana P, Aleo MD, Gosink M, Will Y. Evaluation of in Vitro Mitochondrial Toxicity Assays and Physicochemical Properties for Prediction of Organ Toxicity Using 228 Pharmaceutical Drugs. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 32:156-167. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Payal Rana
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael D. Aleo
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mark Gosink
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Yvonne Will
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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26
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Allen J, Romay-Tallon R, Brymer KJ, Caruncho HJ, Kalynchuk LE. Mitochondria and Mood: Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Key Player in the Manifestation of Depression. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:386. [PMID: 29928190 PMCID: PMC5997778 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human and animal studies suggest an intriguing link between mitochondrial diseases and depression. Although depression has historically been linked to alterations in monoaminergic pharmacology and adult hippocampal neurogenesis, new data increasingly implicate broader forms of dampened plasticity, including plasticity within the cell. Mitochondria are the cellular powerhouse of eukaryotic cells, and they also regulate brain function through oxidative stress and apoptosis. In this paper, we make the case that mitochondrial dysfunction could play an important role in the pathophysiology of depression. Alterations in mitochondrial functions such as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and membrane polarity, which increase oxidative stress and apoptosis, may precede the development of depressive symptoms. However, the data in relation to antidepressant drug effects are contradictory: some studies reveal they have no effect on mitochondrial function or even potentiate dysfunction, whereas other studies show more beneficial effects. Overall, the data suggest an intriguing link between mitochondrial function and depression that warrants further investigation. Mitochondria could be targeted in the development of novel antidepressant drugs, and specific forms of mitochondrial dysfunction could be identified as biomarkers to personalize treatment and aid in early diagnosis by differentiating between disorders with overlapping symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Allen
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | - Kyle J Brymer
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Hector J Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Lisa E Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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27
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Elmorsy E, Al-Ghafari A, Helaly ANM, Hisab AS, Oehrle B, Smith PA. Editor's Highlight: Therapeutic Concentrations of Antidepressants Inhibit Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function via Mitochondrial Complex Inhibition. Toxicol Sci 2018; 158:286-301. [PMID: 28482088 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus risk is increased by prolonged usage of antidepressants (ADs). Although various mechanisms are suggested for their diabetogenic potential, whether a direct effect of ADs on pancreatic β-cells is involved is unclear. We examined this idea for 3 ADs: paroxetine, clomipramine and, with particular emphasis, fluoxetine, on insulin secretion, mitochondrial function, cellular bioenergetics, KATP channel activity, and caspase activity in murine and human cell-line models of pancreatic β-cells. Metabolic assays showed that these ADs decreased the redox, oxidative respiration, and energetic potential of β-cells in a time and concentration dependent manner, even at a concentration of 100 nM, well within the therapeutic window. These effects were related to inhibition of mitochondrial complex I and III. Consistent with impaired mitochondrial function, lactate output was increased and insulin secretion decreased. Neither fluoxetine, antimycin nor rotenone could reactivate KATP channel activity blocked by glucose unlike the mitochondrial uncoupler, FCCP. Chronic, but not acute, AD increased oxidative stress and activated caspases, 3, 8, and 9. A close agreement was found for the rates of oxidative respiration, lactate output and modulation of KATP channel activity in MIN6 cells with those of primary murine cells; data that supports MIN6 as a valid model to study beta-cell bioenergetics. To conclude, paroxetine, clomipramine and fluoxetine were all cytotoxic at therapeutic concentrations on pancreatic beta-cells; an action suggested to arise by inhibition of mitochondrial bioenergetics, oxidative stress and induction of apoptosis. These actions help explain the diabetogenic potential of these ADs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekramy Elmorsy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ayat Al-Ghafari
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed N M Helaly
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Hisab
- University of Nottingham Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Bettina Oehrle
- University of Nottingham Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Paul A Smith
- University of Nottingham Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
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28
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Simões‐Alves AC, Silva‐Filho RC, Braz GR, Silva SC, da Silva AI, Lagranha CJ, Fernandes MP. Neonatal treatment with fluoxetine improves mitochondrial respiration and reduces oxidative stress in liver of adult rats. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6555-6565. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiany C. Simões‐Alves
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise BiochemistryDepartment of Physical Education Sports Science Federal University of Pernambuco‐CAVVitória de Santo AntãoPernambucoBrazil
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity Graduate ProgramFederal University of Pernambuco‐CAVVitória de Santo AntãoPernambucoBrazil
| | - Reginaldo C. Silva‐Filho
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise BiochemistryDepartment of Physical Education Sports Science Federal University of Pernambuco‐CAVVitória de Santo AntãoPernambucoBrazil
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity Graduate ProgramFederal University of Pernambuco‐CAVVitória de Santo AntãoPernambucoBrazil
| | - Glauber R.F. Braz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise BiochemistryDepartment of Physical Education Sports Science Federal University of Pernambuco‐CAVVitória de Santo AntãoPernambucoBrazil
| | - Severina C.A. Silva
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise BiochemistryDepartment of Physical Education Sports Science Federal University of Pernambuco‐CAVVitória de Santo AntãoPernambucoBrazil
- Biochemistry and Physiology Graduate ProgramFederal University of PernambucoRecifePernambucoBrazil
| | - Aline I. da Silva
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise BiochemistryDepartment of Physical Education Sports Science Federal University of Pernambuco‐CAVVitória de Santo AntãoPernambucoBrazil
| | - Claudia J. Lagranha
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise BiochemistryDepartment of Physical Education Sports Science Federal University of Pernambuco‐CAVVitória de Santo AntãoPernambucoBrazil
- Biochemistry and Physiology Graduate ProgramFederal University of PernambucoRecifePernambucoBrazil
| | - Mariana P. Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise BiochemistryDepartment of Physical Education Sports Science Federal University of Pernambuco‐CAVVitória de Santo AntãoPernambucoBrazil
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity Graduate ProgramFederal University of Pernambuco‐CAVVitória de Santo AntãoPernambucoBrazil
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29
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Kedracka-Krok S, Swiderska B, Bielecka-Wajdman AM, Prus G, Skupien-Rabian B, Jankowska U, Obuchowicz E. Impact of imipramine on proteome of rat primary glial cells. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 320:25-37. [PMID: 29759138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Microglia and astrocytes, two types of glial cells are known to be important targets for antidepressant drugs. Here we used a comprehensive proteomic analysis to examine the effect of imipramine on rat primary mixed glial culture. The two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis method allowed us to identify 62 proteins that were altered by imipramine. Functional analysis revealed that imipramine influenced the level of proteins involved in oxidative stress; in particular, it elevated the level of glutathione transferases. Imipramine upregulated proteins related to glycolysis but down-regulated many mitochondrial proteins including enzymes involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial dysfunction, especially decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential can be counted as a side effect triggered by imipramine. Imipramine induced lowering of chaperone level and alterations suggesting impaired protein synthesis could be associated with increased apoptosis. One of the most pronounced effect of imipramine is the reduction of vimentin level, this protein is engaged in majority of biological processes which were found to be affected by imipramine. Many imipramine regulated proteins, including chaperones, cathepsins and annexins are involved in immune responses. Additionally, imipramine influenced proteins associated with phagocytosis and cell migration. Overall these findings indicate that imipramine produces complex effect on glial cells, primarily on microglia and suggest their transition towards a more quiescent, metabolically less demanding phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Kedracka-Krok
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Bianka Swiderska
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Gabriela Prus
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bozena Skupien-Rabian
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Urszula Jankowska
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Obuchowicz
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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30
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Faccio AT, Ruperez FJ, Singh NS, Angulo S, Tavares MFM, Bernier M, Barbas C, Wainer IW. Stereochemical and structural effects of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine on the mitochondrial metabolome in PC-12 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018. [PMID: 29526507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairment in mitochondrial biogenesis and function plays a key role in depression and anxiety, both of which being associated with changes in fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism. The antidepressant effects of (R,S)-ketamine have been linked to its conversion into (2S,6S;2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK); however, the connection between structure and stereochemistry of ketamine and HNK in the mitochondrial homeostatic response has not yet been fully elucidated at a metabolic level. METHODS We used a multi-platform, non-targeted metabolomics approach to study the change in mitochondrial metabolome of PC-12 cells treated with ketamine and HNK enantiomers. The identified metabolites were grouped into pathways in order to assess global responses. RESULTS Treatment with (2R,6R)-HNK elicited the significant change in 49 metabolites and associated pathways implicated in fundamental mitochondrial functions such as TCA cycle, branched-chain amino acid biosynthetic pathway, glycoxylate metabolic pathway, and fatty acid β-oxidation. The affected metabolites included glycerate, citrate, leucine, N,N-dimethylglycine, 3-hexenedioic acid, and carnitine and attenuated signals associated with 9 fatty acids and elaidic acid. Important metabolites involved in the purine and pyrimidine pathways were also affected by (2R-6R)-HNK. This global metabolic profile was not as strongly impacted by treatment with (2S,6S)-HNK, (R)- and (S)-ketamine and in some instances opposite effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS The present data provide an overall view of the metabolic changes in mitochondrial function produced by (2R,6R)-HNK and related ketamine compounds and offer an insight into the source of the observed variance in antidepressant response elicited by the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa T Faccio
- CEMBIO (Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain; Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), 05513-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco J Ruperez
- CEMBIO (Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nagendra S Singh
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Santiago Angulo
- CEMBIO (Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina F M Tavares
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), 05513-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Coral Barbas
- CEMBIO (Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irving W Wainer
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Mitchell Woods Pharmaceuticals, Shelton, CT 06484, USA.
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31
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Bielecka-Wajdman AM, Ludyga T, Machnik G, Gołyszny M, Obuchowicz E. Tricyclic Antidepressants Modulate Stressed Mitochondria in Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells. Cancer Control 2018; 25:1073274818798594. [PMID: 30213208 PMCID: PMC6144521 DOI: 10.1177/1073274818798594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A common feature of solid tumors, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is mitochondrial dysfunction. However, it is reported that the current standard of anti-GBM therapies may potentiate mitochondrial damage and, in effect, support the aggressive character of cancer. As mitochondria are implicated in the modulation of cellular drug sensitivity and chemoresistance mechanisms, activation-stressed mitochondria in GBM cells may represent a new target for anti-GBM therapy that is nontoxic for normal cells. METHODS As mitochondria are possible targets for antidepressant drugs used as adjuvant therapy in patients with GBM, we examined their influence on mitochondrial volume and activity, reactive oxygen species level, extracellular lactate concentration, and p65 NF-κB gene expression in GBM cells. RESULTS Our investigation showed, for the first time, that tricyclic antidepressants, imipramine and amitriptyline, partially reverse GBM abnormalities. CONCLUSION In the light of reported studies, the mitochondrial disturbance observed in glioma cells is a dynamic process that can be reversed or silenced. Moreover, imipramine and amitriptyline are attractive cellular metabolic modulators and can potentially be used to restoring a proper function of mitochondria in GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Bielecka-Wajdman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ludyga
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Machnik
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Miłosz Gołyszny
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Obuchowicz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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32
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Rosebush PI, Anglin RE, Rasmussen S, Mazurek MF. Mental illness in patients with inherited mitochondrial disorders. Schizophr Res 2017; 187:33-37. [PMID: 28545943 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P I Rosebush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, Canada; MiNDS Graduate Programme, McMaster University, Canada; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Programme, McMaster University, Canada.
| | - R E Anglin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, McMaster University, Canada; MiNDS Graduate Programme, McMaster University, Canada; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Programme, McMaster University, Canada
| | - S Rasmussen
- MiNDS Graduate Programme, McMaster University, Canada
| | - M F Mazurek
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, McMaster University, Canada; MiNDS Graduate Programme, McMaster University, Canada; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Programme, McMaster University, Canada
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Głombik K, Stachowicz A, Trojan E, Olszanecki R, Ślusarczyk J, Suski M, Chamera K, Budziszewska B, Lasoń W, Basta-Kaim A. Evaluation of the effectiveness of chronic antidepressant drug treatments in the hippocampal mitochondria - A proteomic study in an animal model of depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 78:51-60. [PMID: 28526399 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that adverse experience in early life may be a triggering factor for disturbances in the brain mitochondrial proteins and lead to the development of depression in adulthood. On the other hand, little is known about the impact of chronic administration of various antidepressant drugs on the brain mitochondria, as a target for the pharmacotherapy of depression. The purpose of our study was to compare the impact of chronic treatment with two antidepressant drugs with different mechanisms of action, a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), imipramine, and an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class, fluoxetine, on the mitochondria-enriched subproteome profile in the hippocampus of 3-month-old male rats following a prenatal stress procedure (an animal model of depression). We clearly confirmed that chronic imipramine and fluoxetine administration not only normalized depression-like disturbances evoked by the prenatal stress procedure but also modulated the mitochondria-enriched subproteome profile in the hippocampus of adult offspring rats. In line with this, two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry showed a statistically significant down-regulation of 14-3-3 and cytochrome bc1 proteins and an up-regulation of COP9 signalosome expression after chronic imipramine treatment in the hippocampus of prenatally stressed offspring. Fluoxetine administration strongly up-regulated the expression of cathepsin D, one of the key proteins involved in the prevention of the development of neurodegenerative processes. Furthermore, this antidepressant treatment enhanced expression of proteins engaged in the improvement of learning and memory processes (STMN1, Dnm-1) as well as in mitochondrial biogenesis and defense against oxidative stress (DJ-1). These findings provide new evidence that chronic administration of antidepressants exerts a varied impact on the mitochondria-enriched subproteome in the hippocampus of adult rats following a prenatal stress procedure. In particular, the effect of fluoxetine requires additional experiments to elucidate the possible beneficial biological consequences underlying the effects mediated by this antidepressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Głombik
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Aneta Stachowicz
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka Street, 31-531 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Trojan
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafał Olszanecki
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka Street, 31-531 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Ślusarczyk
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Suski
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka Street, 31-531 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chamera
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bogusława Budziszewska
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Władysław Lasoń
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
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Sigitova E, Fišar Z, Hroudová J, Cikánková T, Raboch J. Biological hypotheses and biomarkers of bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 71:77-103. [PMID: 27800654 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The most common mood disorders are major depressive disorders and bipolar disorders (BD). The pathophysiology of BD is complex, multifactorial, and not fully understood. Creation of new hypotheses in the field gives impetus for studies and for finding new biomarkers for BD. Conversely, new biomarkers facilitate not only diagnosis of a disorder and monitoring of biological effects of treatment, but also formulation of new hypotheses about the causes and pathophysiology of the BD. BD is characterized by multiple associations between disturbed brain development, neuroplasticity, and chronobiology, caused by: genetic and environmental factors; defects in apoptotic, immune-inflammatory, neurotransmitter, neurotrophin, and calcium-signaling pathways; oxidative and nitrosative stress; cellular bioenergetics; and membrane or vesicular transport. Current biological hypotheses of BD are summarized, including related pathophysiological processes and key biomarkers, which have been associated with changes in genetics, systems of neurotransmitter and neurotrophic factors, neuroinflammation, autoimmunity, cytokines, stress axis activity, chronobiology, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunctions. Here we also discuss the therapeutic hypotheses and mechanisms of the switch between depressive and manic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Sigitova
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hroudová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Cikánková
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Raboch
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Głombik K, Stachowicz A, Olszanecki R, Ślusarczyk J, Trojan E, Lasoń W, Kubera M, Budziszewska B, Spedding M, Basta-Kaim A. The effect of chronic tianeptine administration on the brain mitochondria: direct links with an animal model of depression. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 53:7351-7362. [PMID: 26934888 PMCID: PMC5104776 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has focused on the impact of mitochondrial disturbances in the development of depression, but little data exist regarding the effects of chronic administration of antidepressant drugs on the brain's mitochondrial protein profile. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of chronic treatment with an atypical antidepressant drug-tianeptine-on the mitochondria-enriched subproteome profile in the hippocampus and the frontal cortex of 3-month-old male rats following a prenatal stress procedure. Rats that were exposed to a prenatal stress procedure displayed depressive- and anxiety-like disturbances based on the elevated plus-maze and Porsolt tests. Moreover, two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry showed structure-dependent mitoproteome changes in brains of prenatally stressed rats after chronic tianeptine administration. A component of 2-oxoglutarate and succinate flavoprotein subunit dehydrogenases, isocitrate subunit alpha, was upregulated in the hippocampus. In the frontal cortex, there was a striking increase in the expression of glutamate dehydrogenase and cytochrome bc1 complex subunit 2. These findings suggest that mitochondria are underappreciated targets for therapeutic interventions, and mitochondrial function may be crucial for the effective treatment of stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Głombik
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aneta Stachowicz
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka Street, 31-531, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafał Olszanecki
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegórzecka Street, 31-531, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Ślusarczyk
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Trojan
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Władysław Lasoń
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Kubera
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bogusława Budziszewska
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michael Spedding
- Physiopathogie des Maladies Psychiatriques, INSERM UMR_S 894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 2ter rue d'Alesia, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
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Vuda M, Kamath A. Drug induced mitochondrial dysfunction: Mechanisms and adverse clinical consequences. Mitochondrion 2016; 31:63-74. [PMID: 27771494 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Several commonly used medications impair mitochondrial function resulting in adverse effects or toxicities. Drug induced mitochondrial dysfunction may be a consequence of increased production of reactive oxygen species, altered mitochondrial permeability transition, impaired mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial DNA damage or inhibition of beta-oxidation of fatty acids. The clinical manifestation depends on the specific drug and its effect on mitochondria. Given the ubiquitous presence of mitochondria and its central role in cellular metabolism, drug-mitochondrial interactions may manifest clinically as hepatotoxicity, enteropathy, myelosuppression, lipodystrophy syndrome or neuropsychiatric adverse effects, to name a few. The current review focuses on specific drug groups which adversely affect mitochondria, the mechanisms involved and the clinical consequences based on the data available from experimental and clinical studies. Knowledge of these adverse drug-mitochondrial interactions may help the clinicians foresee potential issues in individual patients, prevent adverse drug reactions or alter drug regimens to enhance patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashwin Kamath
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, India.
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Singh N, Hroudová J, Fišar Z. In Vitro Effects of Cognitives and Nootropics on Mitochondrial Respiration and Monoamine Oxidase Activity. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5894-5904. [PMID: 27660276 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of mitochondrial metabolism, particularly the electron transport chain (ETC), as well as increased oxidative stress might play a significant role in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Some effects of drugs used for symptomatic AD treatment may be related to their direct action on mitochondrial function. In vitro effects of pharmacologically different cognitives (galantamine, donepezil, rivastigmine, 7-MEOTA, memantine) and nootropic drugs (latrepirdine, piracetam) were investigated on selected mitochondrial parameters: activities of ETC complexes I, II + III, and IV, citrate synthase, monoamine oxidase (MAO), oxygen consumption rate, and hydrogen peroxide production of pig brain mitochondria. Complex I activity was decreased by galantamine, donepezil, and memantine; complex II + III activity was increased by galantamine. None of the tested drugs caused significant changes in the rate of mitochondrial oxygen consumption, even at high concentrations. Except galantamine, all tested drugs were selective MAO-A inhibitors. Latrepirdine, donepezil, and 7-MEOTA were found to be the most potent MAO-A inhibitors. Succinate-induced mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production was not significantly affected by the drugs tested. The direct effect of cognitives and nootropics used in the treatment of AD on mitochondrial respiration is relatively small. The safest drugs in terms of disturbing mitochondrial function appear to be piracetam and rivastigmine. The MAO-A inhibition by cognitives and nootropics may also participate in mitochondrial neuroprotection. The results support the future research aimed at measuring the effects of currently used drugs or newly synthesized drugs on mitochondrial functioning in order to understand their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hroudová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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de Oliveira MR. Fluoxetine and the mitochondria: A review of the toxicological aspects. Toxicol Lett 2016; 258:185-191. [PMID: 27392437 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fluoxetine (a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)) is used as an antidepressant by modulating the levels of serotonin in the synaptic cleft. Nevertheless, fluoxetine also induces undesirable effects, such as anxiety, sexual dysfunction, sleep disturbances, and gastrointestinal impairments. Fluoxetine has been viewed as an agent that may interfere with cell fate by triggering apoptosis. On the other hand, fluoxetine intake has been associated with increased cancer risk. Nonetheless, data remain contradictory and no conclusions were taken. Several studies demonstrated that fluoxetine interacts with mitochondria triggering apoptosis and/or altering mitochondrial function by modulating the activity of respiratory chain components and enzymes of the Krebs cycle. Furthermore, fluoxetine affects mitochondria-related redox parameters in different experimental models. In this review, data demonstrating the effects of fluoxetine upon mammalian mitochondria are described and discussed, as well as several unsolved questions in this field of research are addressed. A separate section deals with future needs regarding the research involving the impact of fluoxetine treatment upon mitochondria and mitochondria-related signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry/ICET, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, CEP 78060-900 Cuiaba, MT, Brazil.
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Hargreaves IP, Al Shahrani M, Wainwright L, Heales SJR. Drug-Induced Mitochondrial Toxicity. Drug Saf 2016; 39:661-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s40264-016-0417-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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40
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Braz GRF, Freitas CM, Nascimento L, Pedroza AA, da Silva AI, Lagranha C. Neonatal SSRI exposure improves mitochondrial function and antioxidant defense in rat heart. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 41:362-9. [PMID: 26939042 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein restriction during prenatal, postnatal, or in both periods has a close relationship with subsequent development of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Elevated brain levels of serotonin and its metabolites have been found in malnourished states. The aim in the present study was to investigate whether treatment with fluoxetine (Fx), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, mimics the detrimental effect of low-protein diet during the perinatal period on the male rat heart. Our hypothesis is that increased circulating serotonin as a result of pharmacologic treatment with Fx leads to cardiac dysfunction similar to that observed in protein-restricted rats. Male Wistar rat pups received daily subcutaneous injection of Fx or vehicle from postnatal day 1 to postnatal day 21. Male rats were euthanized at 60 days of age and the following parameters were evaluated in the cardiac tissue: mitochondrial respiratory capacity, respiratory control ratio, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense. We found that Fx treatment increased mitochondrial respiratory capacity (123%) and membrane potential (212%) and decreased ROS production (55%). In addition we observed an increase in the antioxidant capacity (elevation in catalase activity (5-fold) and glutathione peroxidase (4.6-fold)). Taken together, our results suggest that Fx treatment in the developmental period positively affects the mitochondrial bioenergetics and antioxidant defense in the cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glauber Ruda F Braz
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Centro Acadêmico de Vitoria (CAV)-Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Brazil.,c Biochemistry and Physiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Cristiane M Freitas
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Centro Acadêmico de Vitoria (CAV)-Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Brazil.,c Biochemistry and Physiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Luciana Nascimento
- a Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Centro Acadêmico de Vitoria (CAV)-Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Brazil.,c Biochemistry and Physiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Anderson A Pedroza
- b Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry; CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Aline Isabel da Silva
- b Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry; CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Brazil.,d Neuropsychiatry and Behavior Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Claudia Lagranha
- b Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry; CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Brazil.,c Biochemistry and Physiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,d Neuropsychiatry and Behavior Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Lee MY, Hong S, Kim N, Shin KS, Kang SJ. Tricyclic Antidepressants Amitriptyline and Desipramine Induced Neurotoxicity Associated with Parkinson's Disease. Mol Cells 2015; 38:734-40. [PMID: 26242194 PMCID: PMC4546946 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies report that a history of antidepressant use is strongly correlated with the occurrence of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it remains unclear whether antidepressant use can be a causative factor for PD. In the present study, we examined whether tricyclic antidepressants amitriptyline and desipramine can induce dopaminergic cell damage, both in vitro and in vivo. We found that amitriptyline and desipramine induced mitochondria-mediated neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells. When injected into mice on a subchronic schedule, amitriptyline induced movement deficits in the pole test, which is known to detect nigrostriatal dysfunction. In addition, the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta was reduced in amitriptyline-injected mice. Our results suggest that amitriptyline and desipramine may induce PD-associated neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-yeong Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747,
Korea
| | - Seokheon Hong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747,
Korea
| | - Nahmhee Kim
- Department of Biology, Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701,
Korea
| | - Ki Soon Shin
- Department of Biology, Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701,
Korea
| | - Shin Jung Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747,
Korea
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42
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Ghosh S, Mukherjee S, Choudhury S, Gupta P, Adhikary A, Baral R, Chattopadhyay S. Reactive oxygen species in the tumor niche triggers altered activation of macrophages and immunosuppression: Role of fluoxetine. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1398-412. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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da Silva AI, Braz GRF, Silva-Filho R, Pedroza AA, Ferreira DS, Manhães de Castro R, Lagranha C. Effect of fluoxetine treatment on mitochondrial bioenergetics in central and peripheral rat tissues. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 40:565-74. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent investigations have focused on the mitochondrion as a direct drug target in the treatment of metabolic diseases (obesity, metabolic syndrome). Relatively few studies, however, have explicitly investigated whether drug therapies aimed at changing behavior by altering central nervous system (CNS) function affect mitochondrial bioenergetics, and none has explored their effect during early neonatal development. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of chronic treatment of newborn male rats with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine on the mitochondrial bioenergetics of the hypothalamus and skeletal muscle during the critical nursing period of development. Male Wistar rat pups received either fluoxetine (Fx group) or vehicle solution (Ct group) from the day of birth until 21 days of age. At 60 days of age, mitochondrial bioenergetics were evaluated. The Fx group showed increased oxygen consumption in several different respiratory states and reduced production of reactive oxygen species, but there was no change in mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening or oxidative stress in either the hypothalamus or skeletal muscle. We observed an increase in glutathione S-transferase activity only in the hypothalamus of the Fx group. Taken together, our results suggest that chronic exposure to fluoxetine during the nursing phase of early rat development results in a positive modulation of mitochondrial respiration in the hypothalamus and skeletal muscle that persists into adulthood. Such long-lasting alterations in mitochondrial activity in the CNS, especially in areas regulating appetite, may contribute to permanent changes in energy balance in treated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Isabel da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Departamento de Nutrição da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Glauber Ruda Feitoza Braz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Silva-Filho
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Anderson Apolonio Pedroza
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Diorginis Soares Ferreira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Raul Manhães de Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Departamento de Nutrição da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Claudia Lagranha
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAV-Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
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Ketamine causes mitochondrial dysfunction in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128445. [PMID: 26020236 PMCID: PMC4447382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ketamine toxicity has been demonstrated in nonhuman mammalian neurons. To study the toxic effect of ketamine on human neurons, an experimental model of cultured neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) was examined, and the mechanism of its toxicity was investigated. Methods Human iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons were treated with 0, 20, 100 or 500 μM ketamine for 6 and 24 h. Ketamine toxicity was evaluated by quantification of caspase 3/7 activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP concentration, neurotransmitter reuptake activity and NADH/NAD+ ratio. Mitochondrial morphological change was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. Results Twenty-four-hour exposure of iPSC-derived neurons to 500 μM ketamine resulted in a 40% increase in caspase 3/7 activity (P < 0.01), 14% increase in ROS production (P < 0.01), and 81% reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (P < 0.01), compared with untreated cells. Lower concentration of ketamine (100 μM) decreased the ATP level (22%, P < 0.01) and increased the NADH/NAD+ ratio (46%, P < 0.05) without caspase activation. Transmission electron microscopy showed enhanced mitochondrial fission and autophagocytosis at the 100 μM ketamine concentration, which suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction preceded ROS generation and caspase activation. Conclusions We established an in vitro model for assessing the neurotoxicity of ketamine in iPSC-derived neurons. The present data indicate that the initial mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy may be related to its inhibitory effect on the mitochondrial electron transport system, which underlies ketamine-induced neural toxicity. Higher ketamine concentration can induce ROS generation and apoptosis in human neurons.
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Kannen V, Garcia SB, Silva WA, Gasser M, Mönch R, Alho EJL, Heinsen H, Scholz CJ, Friedrich M, Heinze KG, Waaga-Gasser AM, Stopper H. Oncostatic effects of fluoxetine in experimental colon cancer models. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1781-8. [PMID: 26004136 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most common tumors in the human population. Recent studies have shown a reduced risk for colon cancer in patients given the antidepressant fluoxetine (FLX). The exact mechanism by which FLX might protect from colon cancer remains however controversial. Here, FLX reduced the development of different colon tumor xenografts, as well as proliferation in hypoxic tumor areas within them. FLX treatment also decreased microvessel numbers in tumors. Although FLX did not increase serum and tumor glucose levels as much as the colon chemotherapy gold standard Fluorouracil did, lactate levels were significantly augmented within tumors by FLX treatment. The gene expression of the MCT4 lactate transporter was significantly downregulated. Total protein amounts from the third and fifth mitochondrial complexes were significantly decreased by FLX in tumors. Cell culture experiments revealed that FLX reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential significantly and disabled the reactive oxygen species production of the third mitochondrial complex. Furthermore, FLX arrested hypoxic colon tumor cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell-cycle. The expression of key cell-cycle-related checkpoint proteins was enhanced in cell culture and in vivo experiments. Therefore, we suggest FLX impairs energy generation, cell cycle progression and proliferation in tumor cells, especially under condition of hypoxia. This then leads to reduced microvessel formation and tumor shrinkage in xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Britto Garcia
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Wilson A Silva
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, CEPID/FAPESP, Department of Genetics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Martin Gasser
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Romana Mönch
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Helmut Heinsen
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Claus-Jürgen Scholz
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, Laboratory for Microarray Applications, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Mike Friedrich
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Gertrud Heinze
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Helga Stopper
- Department of Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
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Kluckova K, Sticha M, Cerny J, Mracek T, Dong L, Drahota Z, Gottlieb E, Neuzil J, Rohlena J. Ubiquinone-binding site mutagenesis reveals the role of mitochondrial complex II in cell death initiation. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1749. [PMID: 25950479 PMCID: PMC4669690 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory complex II (CII, succinate dehydrogenase, SDH) inhibition can induce cell death, but the mechanistic details need clarification. To elucidate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation upon the ubiquinone-binding (Qp) site blockade, we substituted CII subunit C (SDHC) residues lining the Qp site by site-directed mutagenesis. Cell lines carrying these mutations were characterized on the bases of CII activity and exposed to Qp site inhibitors MitoVES, thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA) and Atpenin A5. We found that I56F and S68A SDHC variants, which support succinate-mediated respiration and maintain low intracellular succinate, were less efficiently inhibited by MitoVES than the wild-type (WT) variant. Importantly, associated ROS generation and cell death induction was also impaired, and cell death in the WT cells was malonate and catalase sensitive. In contrast, the S68A variant was much more susceptible to TTFA inhibition than the I56F variant or the WT CII, which was again reflected by enhanced ROS formation and increased malonate- and catalase-sensitive cell death induction. The R72C variant that accumulates intracellular succinate due to compromised CII activity was resistant to MitoVES and TTFA treatment and did not increase ROS, even though TTFA efficiently generated ROS at low succinate in mitochondria isolated from R72C cells. Similarly, the high-affinity Qp site inhibitor Atpenin A5 rapidly increased intracellular succinate in WT cells but did not induce ROS or cell death, unlike MitoVES and TTFA that upregulated succinate only moderately. These results demonstrate that cell death initiation upon CII inhibition depends on ROS and that the extent of cell death correlates with the potency of inhibition at the Qp site unless intracellular succinate is high. In addition, this validates the Qp site of CII as a target for cell death induction with relevance to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kluckova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Sticha
- Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Cerny
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Mracek
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Dong
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Z Drahota
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E Gottlieb
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Neuzil
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Rohlena
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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47
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Rapinesi C, Janiri D, Kotzalidis GD, Serata D, Del Casale A, Scatena P, Dacquino C, Gentile G, Manfredi G, Danese E, Raccah RN, Brugnoli R, Callovini G, Ferri VR, Ferracuti S, Zangen A, Simmaco M, Angeletti G, Girardi P. Mitochondrial myopathy and comorbid major depressive disorder: effectiveness of dTMS on gait and mood symptoms. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2015; 37:274.e7-9. [PMID: 25799088 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial myopathies (MMs) often present with leukoencephalopathy and psychiatric symptoms, which do not respond to or worsen with psychiatric drugs. CASE REPORT A 67-year-old woman with a 10-year history of probable chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, an MM, had drug-resistant, anxious-depressive symptoms. Since she had never had seizures, we proposed 20 sessions of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) for her depression. Surprisingly, besides the expected improvement of depression, we observed marked improvement of movement disorder that lasted as long as the patient was undergoing dTMS. She also improved her performance on neuropsychological tests of executive function and cognitive speed. Depressive symptom improvement was persistent, while anxiety symptoms recurred after the end of the sessions. CONCLUSIONS dTMS may be an alternative antidepressant strategy in patients with MMs, provided that they are free from seizures. The mechanism of improvement of motor disturbance may relate to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex stimulation and improved executive function and needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Rapinesi
- NESMOS Department (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University of Rome School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Villa Rosa, Suore Hospitaliere of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Delfina Janiri
- NESMOS Department (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University of Rome School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Georgios D Kotzalidis
- NESMOS Department (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University of Rome School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniele Serata
- NESMOS Department (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University of Rome School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Villa Rosa, Suore Hospitaliere of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Antonio Del Casale
- NESMOS Department (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University of Rome School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Fondazione Padre Alberto Mileno Onlus, Vasto, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Scatena
- Villa Rosa, Suore Hospitaliere of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Claudia Dacquino
- NESMOS Department (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University of Rome School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gentile
- DiMA Department (Advanced Molecular Diagnosis), School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- NESMOS Department (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University of Rome School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Danese
- NESMOS Department (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University of Rome School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Brugnoli
- NESMOS Department (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University of Rome School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gemma Callovini
- NESMOS Department (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University of Rome School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Rachele Ferri
- NESMOS Department (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University of Rome School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Ferracuti
- NESMOS Department (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University of Rome School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Abraham Zangen
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Maurizio Simmaco
- DiMA Department (Advanced Molecular Diagnosis), School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Angeletti
- NESMOS Department (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University of Rome School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Girardi
- NESMOS Department (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs), Sapienza University of Rome School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy; Villa Rosa, Suore Hospitaliere of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, Viterbo, Italy
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48
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Elmorsy E, Smith PA. Bioenergetic disruption of human micro-vascular endothelial cells by antipsychotics. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:857-62. [PMID: 25824037 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Antipsychotics (APs) are widely used medications, however these are not without side effects such as disruption of blood brain barrier function (BBB). To investigate this further we have studied the chronic effects of the typical APs, chlorpromazine (CPZ) and haloperidol (HAL) and the atypical APs, risperidone (RIS) and clozapine (CLZ), on the bioenergetics of human micro-vascular endothelial cells (HBVECs) of the BBB. Alamar blue (AB) and ATP assays showed that these APs impair bioenergenesis in HBVECs in a concentration and time dependent manner. However since these effects were incomplete they suggest a population of cell bioenergetically heterogeneous, an idea supported by the bistable nature by which APs affected the mitochondrial transmembrane potential. CPZ, HAL and CLZ inhibited the activity of mitochondrial complexes I and III. Our data demonstrates that at therapeutic concentrations, APs can impair the bioenergetic status of HBVECs, an action that help explains the adverse side effects of these drugs when used clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekramy Elmorsy
- School of Life Science, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2UH, UK; Departments of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Paul A Smith
- School of Life Science, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2UH, UK.
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49
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Gorgun FM, Zhuo M, Singh S, Englander EW. Neuroglobin mitigates mitochondrial impairments induced by acute inhalation of combustion smoke in the mouse brain. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 26:361-9. [PMID: 24730682 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2014.902147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Acute inhalation of combustion smoke adversely affects brain homeostasis and energy metabolism. We previously showed that overexpressed neuroglobin (Ngb), neuron specific globin protein, attenuates the formation of smoke inhalation-induced oxidative DNA damage, in vivo, in the mouse brain, while others reported protection by Ngb in diverse models of brain injury, mainly involving oxidative stress and hypoxic/ischemic insults. OBJECTIVE To determine to what extent elevated Ngb ameliorates post smoke-inhalation brain bioenergetics and homeostasis in Ngb overexpressing transgenic mouse. METHODS Smoke inhalation induced changes in bioenergetics were measured in the wild type and Ngb transgene mouse brain. Modulations of mitochondrial respiration were analyzed using the Seahorse XF24 flux analyzer and changes in cytoplasmic energy metabolism were assessed by measuring enzymatic activities and lactate in the course of post smoke recovery. RESULTS Cortical mitochondria from Ngb transgene, better maintained ATP synthesis-linked oxygen consumption and unlike wild type mitochondria did not increase futile oxygen consumption feeding the proton leak, reflecting lesser smoke-induced mitochondrial compromise. Measurements revealed lesser reduction of mitochondrial ATP content and lesser compensatory increases in cytosolic energy metabolism, involving pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities as well as cytosolic lactate levels. Additionally, induction of c-Fos, the early response gene and key neuronal stress sensor, was attenuated in Ngb transgene compared to wild type brain after smoke. CONCLUSION Considered together, these differences reflect lesser perturbations produced by acute inhalation of combustion smoke in the Ngb overexpressing mouse, suggesting that Ngb mitigates mitochondrial dysfunction and neurotoxicity and raises the threshold of smoke inhalation-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falih Murat Gorgun
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, TX , USA
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50
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Kluckova K, Dong LF, Bajzikova M, Rohlena J, Neuzil J. Evaluation of respiration of mitochondria in cancer cells exposed to mitochondria-targeted agents. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1265:181-94. [PMID: 25634276 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2288-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Respiration is one of the major functions of mitochondria, whereby these vital organelles use oxygen to produce energy. Many agents that may be of potential clinical relevance act by targeting mitochondria, where they may suppress mitochondrial respiration. It is therefore important to evaluate this process and understand how this is modulated by small molecules. Here, we describe the general methodology to assess respiration in cultured cells, followed by the evaluation of the effect of one anticancer agent targeted to mitochondria on this process, and also how to assess this in tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Kluckova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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