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Normann SS, Beck IH, Nielsen F, Andersen MS, Bilenberg N, Jensen TK, Andersen HR. Prenatal exposure to pyrethroids and chlorpyrifos and IQ in 7-year-old children from the Odense Child Cohort. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2024; 103:107352. [PMID: 38636567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphates and pyrethroids are two major groups of insecticides used for crop protection worldwide. They are neurotoxicants and exposure during vulnerable windows of brain development may have long-term impact on human neurodevelopment. Only few longitudinal studies have investigated associations between prenatal exposure to these substances and intelligence quotient (IQ) at school age in populations with low, mainly dietary, exposure. OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between maternal urinary concentrations of insecticide metabolites at gestational week 28 and IQ in offspring at 7-years of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data was derived from the Odense Child Cohort (OCC). Metabolites of chlorpyrifos (TCPy) and pyrethroids (3-PBA, cis- and trans-DCCA, 4-F-3PBA, cis-DBCA) were measured in maternal urine collected at gestational week (GW) 28. An abbreviated version of the Danish Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children fifth edition (WISC-V) consisting of four subtests to estimate full scale IQ (FSIQ) was administered by trained psychologists. Data were analyzed by use of multiple linear regression and adjusted for confounders. RESULTS 812 mother/child-pairs were included. Median concentrations were 0.21 μg/L for 3-PBA, 1.67 μg/L for TCPy and the mean IQ for children were 99.4. Null association between maternal 3-PBA and child IQ at 7 years was seen, but with trends suggesting an inverse association. There was a significant association for maternal TCPy and child IQ at mid-level exposure. Trans-DCCA above the level of detection (LOD) was also associated with slightly lower child IQ, but the association was also not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS We found no significant associations between maternal 3-PBA metabolites and child IQ at 7 years, but with trends suggesting an inverse association. A non-significant trend between maternal TCPy exposure and child IQ in 7-year-children was seen even in this low exposed population. Given the widespread exposure and increasing use of insecticides, this should be elaborated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Søgaard Normann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Iben Have Beck
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Flemming Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Bilenberg
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Mental Health Services in Region of Southern Denmark, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; OPEN Patient data Explorative Network, Odense, Denmark
| | - Helle Raun Andersen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Davis B, Eskenazi B, Bornman R, Obida M, Chevrier J. Association between prenatal exposure to indoor residual spraying insecticides and infection rates among South African children participating in the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170483. [PMID: 38301784 PMCID: PMC11112551 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
In 2021, 53 countries conducted indoor residual spraying (IRS), the application of insecticides such as dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) or pyrethroids to the walls of homes to control malaria. Animal studies show that these insecticides can increase susceptibility to infections but only one human study was conducted in a population from an area where IRS is applied. The aim of the present study was thus to investigate whether maternal exposure to DDT, its breakdown product dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) or pyrethroid insecticides is associated with symptoms of infection among children living in a region of South Africa were IRS is conducted annually. As part of the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE) we measured maternal serum concentrations of DDT and DDE, and urinary concentrations of four pyrethroid metabolites in peripartum samples. Poisson regression models with robust variance estimates were used to investigate associations with the rates of infection symptoms between ages 3.5-5 years among 629 children as assessed based on caregiver interviews. Multiple pyrethroid metabolites were associated with infection symptoms. For instance, cis-DBCA was associated with increased rates of ear infection (Incidence Rate Ratio for a 10-fold increase (IRR10) = 1.4; 95 % Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.0, 2.1) and persistent diarrhea (IRR10 = 2.1; 95 % CI = 1.2, 3.9), trans-DCCA was associated with increased rates of colds in children (IRR10 = 1.3; 95 % CI = 1.0, 1.6) and persistent fever (IRS10 = 1.4; 95 % CI = 1.0, 2.0), and 3-PBA was associated with increased rates of persistent fever (IRR10 = 1.8; 95 % CI = 1.0, 3.0). We found limited evidence of association between maternal DDE and DDT serum concentrations and infection symptoms. Results suggest that prenatal exposure to pyrethroid insecticides may be associated with infections among children from an area where IRS is conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooklyn Davis
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Riana Bornman
- University of Pretoria Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Muvhulawa Obida
- University of Pretoria Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Chevrier
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Supianto M, Yoo DK, Hwang H, Oh HB, Jhung SH, Lee HJ. Linker-Preserved Iron Metal-Organic Framework-Based Lateral Flow Assay for Sensitive Transglutaminase 2 Detection in Urine Through Machine Learning-Assisted Colorimetric Analysis. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1321-1330. [PMID: 38471126 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
A groundbreaking demonstration of the utilization of the metal-organic framework MIL-101(Fe) as an exceptionally perceptive visual label in colorimetric lateral flow assays (LFA) is described. This pioneering approach enables the precise identification of transglutaminase 2 (TGM2), a recognized biomarker for chronic kidney disease (CKD), in urine specimens, which offers a remarkably sensitive naked-eye detection mechanism. The surface of MIL-101(Fe) was modified with oxalyl chloride, adipoyl chloride, and poly(acrylic) acid (PAA); these not only improved the labeling material stability in a complex matrix but also achieved a systematic control in the detection limit of the TGM2 concentration using our LFA platform. The advanced LFA with the MIL-101(Fe)-PAA label can detect TGM2 concentrations down to 0.012, 0.009, and 0.010 nM in Tris-HCl buffer, urine, and desalted urine, respectively, which are approximately 55-fold lower than those for a conventional AuNP-based LFAs. Aside from rapid TGM2 detection (i.e., within 20 min), the performance of the MIL-101(Fe)-PAA-based LFA on reproducibility [coefficients of variation (CV) < 2.9%] and recovery (95.9-103.2%) along with storage stability within 25 days of observation (CV < 6.0%) shows an acceptable parameter range for quantitative analysis. A sophisticated sensing method grounded in machine learning principles was also developed, specifically aimed at precisely deducing the TGM2 concentration by analyzing immunoreaction sites. More importantly, our developed LFA offers potential for clinical measurement of TGM2 concentration in normal human urine and CKD patients' samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulya Supianto
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Buk-gu, Daegu-city 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Yoo
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Buk-gu, Daegu-city 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hagyeong Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Bin Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwa Jhung
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Buk-gu, Daegu-city 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Buk-gu, Daegu-city 41566, Republic of Korea
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Koyratty N, Olson JR, Kawyn M, Curl CL, Kordas K. Dietary Predictors of Urinary Biomarkers of Pyrethroids in the General Population - A Scoping Review. J Nutr 2024; 154:325-340. [PMID: 38043623 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrethroid pesticides are ubiquitous environmental contaminants, contributing to chronic and potentially harmful exposure among the general population. Although studies have measured pesticide residues on agricultural products, the link between food intake and concentrations of pyrethroid biomarkers in urine remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aims to analyze peer-reviewed publications investigating dietary predictors of pyrethroid exposure through urinary biomarkers. We assess existing evidence, identify research gaps, and highlight current limitations. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search using PubMed and Google Scholar. Eligible studies examined associations between diets, food items or dietary components, and measured urinary pyrethroid biomarkers. No geographical restriction was applied to our search. Results were summarized in themes referring to study characteristics, relevant outcomes, biomarker measurement, dietary assessment and statistical analyses. RESULTS We identified 20 relevant articles. Most studies presented evidence on associations between the consumption of organic diets or food items and reduced concentrations of 3-phenobenzoic acid metabolites in urine. There was less evidence for diet affecting other pyrethroid-specific biomarkers. Dietary assessment methodologies and recall periods varied, as did the number and timing of urine collections. Many studies did not control for potential alternative pyrethroid sources, exposure to other pesticides, or demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. CONCLUSION Researchers should consider standardized dietary assessment, chemical analyses of foods consumed, adequate recall time, and food preparation methods. Consistency in biomarker measurement, including urine collection time and corrections for specific gravity or creatinine, is needed. Ensuring the validity of such studies also requires larger samples and appropriate control for confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Koyratty
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States.
| | - James R Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, NY, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Marissa Kawyn
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Cynthia L Curl
- School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, NY, United States
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5
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Elsiwi B, Eskenazi B, Bornman R, Obida M, Kim J, Moodie EE, Mann KK, Chevrier J. Maternal exposure to pyrethroid insecticides during pregnancy and respiratory allergy symptoms among children participating in the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117604. [PMID: 38000632 PMCID: PMC10962214 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrethroid insecticides use for indoor residual spraying (IRS) in malaria-endemic areas results in high levels of exposure to local populations. Pyrethroids may cause asthma and respiratory allergies but no prior study has investigated this question in an IRS area. METHODS We measured maternal urinary concentrations of pyrethroid metabolites (cis-DBCA, cis-DCCA, trans-DCCA, 3-PBA) in samples collected at delivery from 751 mothers participating in the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies, and their Environment (VHEMBE), a birth cohort study based in Limpopo, South Africa. At 3.5-year and 5-year follow-up visits, caregivers of 647 and 620 children, respectively, were queried about children's respiratory allergy symptoms based on validated instruments. We applied marginal structural models for repeated outcomes to estimate associations between biomarker concentrations and asthma diagnosis as well as respiratory allergy symptoms at ages 3.5 and 5 years. RESULTS We found that a10-fold increase in maternal urinary cis-DCCA, trans-DCCA and 3-PBA concentrations were associated with more than a doubling in the risk of doctor-diagnosed asthma (cis-DCCA: RR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.3, 3.3; trans-DCCA: RR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.1, 3.9; 3-PBA: RR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.0, 5.8) and an about 80% increase in the risk of wheezing or whistling in the chest (cis-DCCA: RR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1, 3.0; trans-DCCA: RR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.1, 2.6; 3-PBA: RR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.0, 3.3) and suspected asthma (cis-DCCA: RR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1, 3.1; trans-DCCA: RR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1, 2.8). We also observed that higher concentrations of cis-DBCA and 3-PBA were related to increases in the risks of dry cough at night (RR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.3, 9.5) and seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis (RR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.1, 3.9), respectively. CONCLUSION Maternal exposure to pyrethroids may increase the risk of asthma and other respiratory allergy symptoms among preschool children from an IRS area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basant Elsiwi
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Riana Bornman
- University of Pretoria Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Muvhulawa Obida
- University of Pretoria Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Joanne Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Erica Em Moodie
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Koren K Mann
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Chevrier
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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Liang Z, Sun X, Lan J, Guo R, Tian Y, Liu Y, Liu S. Association between pyrethroid exposure and osteoarthritis: a national population-based cross-sectional study in the US. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1521. [PMID: 37612655 PMCID: PMC10464395 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the restriction of organophosphorus and other insecticides, pyrethroids are currently the second most-used group of insecticides worldwide due to their advantages such as effectiveness and low toxicity for mammalian. Animal studies and clinical case reports have documented associations between adverse health outcomesand exposure to pyrethroids. At present, the association between chronic pyrethroid exposure and osteoarthritis (OA) remains elusive. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002 and 2007-2014 were used to explore the associations of pyrethroid exposure and OA. Urinary level of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) in urine samples was used to evaluate the exposure of pyrethroid, and OA was determined on the basis of self-reported physician diagnoses. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between pyrethroid exposure and OA. RESULTS Among the 6528 participants, 650 had OA. The weighted geometric mean of urinary volume-based 3-PBA concentration were 0.45 µg/L. With adjustments for major confounders, compared to participants in the lowest quartile of urinary volume-based 3-PBA, those in the highest quartilehad higher odds of OA (odds ratio, 1.39; 95% confidence interval: 1.01, 1.92). There was no nonlinear relationship between urinary volume-based 3-PBA and OA (P for non-linearity = 0.89). CONCLUSION High urinary 3-PBA concentration was associated with increased OA odds in the US adults. Pyrethroid exposure in the population should be monitored regularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoshuai Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiaoyue Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jia Lan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ruifang Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuyang Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Siyu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Castiello F, Suárez B, Gómez-Vida J, Torrent M, Fernández MF, Olea N, Freire C. Exposure to non-persistent pesticides and sexual maturation of Spanish adolescent males. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138350. [PMID: 36907483 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several non-persistent pesticides are endocrine disrupting chemicals and may impact on sexual maturation. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between urinary biomarkers of non-persistent pesticides and sexual maturation in adolescent males in the Environment and Childhood (INMA) Project. METHODS The metabolites of several pesticides were measured in spot urine samples collected from 201 boys aged 14-17 years, including: 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), metabolite of chlorpyrifos; 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine (IMPy), metabolite of diazinon; malathion diacid (MDA), metabolite of malathion; diethyl thiophosphate (DETP) and diethyl dithiophosphate, non-specific metabolites of organophosphates; 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) and dimethyl cyclopropane carboxylic acid, metabolites of pyrethroids; 1-naphthol (1-NPL), metabolite of carbaryl; and ethylene thiourea (ETU), metabolite of dithiocarbamate fungicides. Sexual maturation was assessed using Tanner stages, self-reported Pubertal Development Scale, and testicular volume (TV). Multivariate logistic regression was employed to examine associations between urinary pesticide metabolites and the odds of being in Tanner stage 5 of genital development (G5) or pubic hair growth (PH5); stage ≥4 of overall pubertal development, gonadarche, and adrenarche; or having mature TV (≥25 mL). RESULTS DETP concentrations>75th percentile (P75) were associated with lower odds of being in stage G5 (OR = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.10-0.70), detectable TCPy with lower odds of gonadal stage≥4 (OR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.26-0.96), and intermediate detectable MDA concentrations (<P75) with lower odds of adrenal stage≥4 (OR = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.11-0.94). Conversely, detectable concentrations of 1-NPL were associated with higher odds of adrenal stage≥4 (OR = 2.61; 95% CI = 1.30-5.24) but lower odds of mature TV (OR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.19-0.90). CONCLUSION Exposure to certain pesticides may be associated with delayed sexual maturity in adolescent males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Castiello
- Pediatrics Unit, Hospital de Alta Resolución de Guadix, 18500, Guadix, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz Suárez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - José Gómez-Vida
- Pediatrics Unit, San Cecilio Clinical University Hospital, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Mariana F Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Nicolás Olea
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Carmen Freire
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain.
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8
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Hussain J, Cohen M, O'Malley CJ, Mantri N, Li Y, Mueller JF, Greaves R, Wang X. Detections of organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticide metabolites in urine and sweat obtained from women during infrared sauna and exercise: A pilot crossover study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 248:114091. [PMID: 36516689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic pesticides such as organophosphates and pyrethroids are commonly used worldwide yet the metabolic and long-term human health effects of these environmental exposures are unclear. Urinary detections of metabolites involving both classes of insecticides have been documented in various global populations. However, reports documenting similar detections in human sweat are sparse. In this study, the concentrations of four insecticide metabolites were measured using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry in repeated sweat and urine collections (n = 85) from 10 women undergoing three interventions (control, infrared sauna and indoor bicycling) within a single-blinded randomised crossover trial. The Friedman test with post-hoc two-way analysis of variance, the related-samples Wilcoxon signed rank test and the Spearman's rank-order correlation test were used to analyse the results. Organophosphate metabolites were detected in 84.6% (22/26) and pyrethroids in 26.9% (7/26) of the collected sweat samples (pooled per individual, per intervention). Urinary concentrations of three of the four metabolites marginally increased after infrared sauna bathing: 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (z = 2.395, p = 0.017); 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (z = 2.599, p = 0.009); and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (z = 2.090, p = 0.037). Urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid also increased after exercise (z = 2.073, p = 0.038) and demonstrated the most temporal variability (days to weeks) of any of the urinary metabolites. Definitive sweat/urine correlations were not demonstrated. These results indicate metabolites from organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides can be detected in human sweat and this raises intriguing questions about perspiration and its role in the metabolism and excretion of synthetic pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Hussain
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Marc Cohen
- Extreme Wellness Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cindy J O'Malley
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nitin Mantri
- Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yan Li
- QAEHS, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- QAEHS, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Minderoo Centre - Plastics and Human Health, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ronda Greaves
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia; Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xianyu Wang
- QAEHS, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Minderoo Centre - Plastics and Human Health, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
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Nishihama Y, Lai Y, Isobe T, Nakayama SF. Optimal method for determining the intraclass correlation coefficients of urinary biomarkers such as dialkylphosphates from imputed data. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107553. [PMID: 36228551 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Urinary biomarkers are commonly used in epidemiological studies as surrogates or indicators of exposure to chemical substances. Evaluating the reliability of a biomarker is highly important because use of an unreliable marker may lead to misclassification and attenuation bias, resulting in flawed interpretations and conclusions. Although intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) is regarded as a typical index of test reliability, methods for determining the ICCs of urinary biomarkers have not been standardised, and different methods have been used. This study evaluated different imputation methods for left-censored data, i.e., four imputation or one substitution methods, before calculating ICCs, and at the same time mathematically assessed the impact of the left-censoring proportion on the estimated ICCs. Biomarkers of exposure to organophosphate pesticides, i.e., dialkylphosphates, were used as an example. The Gibbs sampler-based left-censored missing value imputation approach had the best performance for imputation of values below reporting limits, with lower values on Kolmogorov-Smirnov test statistics than other imputation/substitution methods, i.e., a univariate distribution fitting approach, multiple imputation by chained equation, a bootstrap expectation-maximisation algorithm approach, and a single value substitution. In all imputation methods, however, ICCs decreased as censoring rates increased. We propose a method to estimate true ICCs based on mathematical estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Nishihama
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Yonghang Lai
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Tomohiko Isobe
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Shoji F Nakayama
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
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Sabbioni G, Castaño A, Esteban López M, Göen T, Mol H, Riou M, Tagne-Fotso R. Literature review and evaluation of biomarkers, matrices and analytical methods for chemicals selected in the research program Human Biomonitoring for the European Union (HBM4EU). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107458. [PMID: 36179646 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Humans are potentially exposed to a large amount of chemicals present in the environment and in the workplace. In the European Human Biomonitoring initiative (Human Biomonitoring for the European Union = HBM4EU), acrylamide, mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, fumonisin B1), diisocyanates (4,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate, 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate), and pyrethroids were included among the prioritized chemicals of concern for human health. For the present literature review, the analytical methods used in worldwide biomonitoring studies for these compounds were collected and presented in comprehensive tables, including the following parameter: determined biomarker, matrix, sample amount, work-up procedure, available laboratory quality assurance and quality assessment information, analytical techniques, and limit of detection. Based on the data presented in these tables, the most suitable methods were recommended. According to the paradigm of biomonitoring, the information about two different biomarkers of exposure was evaluated: a) internal dose = parent compounds and metabolites in urine and blood; and b) the biologically effective = dose measured as blood protein adducts. Urine was the preferred matrix used for deoxynivalenol, fumonisin B1, and pyrethroids (biomarkers of internal dose). Markers of the biological effective dose were determined as hemoglobin adducts for diisocyanates and acrylamide, and as serum-albumin-adducts of aflatoxin B1 and diisocyanates. The analyses and quantitation of the protein adducts in blood or the metabolites in urine were mostly performed with LC-MS/MS or GC-MS in the presence of isotope-labeled internal standards. This review also addresses the critical aspects of the application, use and selection of biomarkers. For future biomonitoring studies, a more comprehensive approach is discussed to broaden the selection of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Sabbioni
- Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Research and Transfer Service, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Toxicology, Airolo, Switzerland; Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Argelia Castaño
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Spain.
| | - Marta Esteban López
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Spain.
| | - Thomas Göen
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (IPASUM), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Hans Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Part of Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Margaux Riou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Santé publique France, The National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France.
| | - Romuald Tagne-Fotso
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Santé publique France, The National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France.
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11
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Hu P, Zhang Y, Vinturache A, Tian Y, Hu Y, Gao Y, Ding G. Prenatal pyrethroid exposure and lung function among school-aged children. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 245:114027. [PMID: 36067539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous epidemiological evidence mainly focused on the adverse effects of prenatal exposure to pyrethroid insecticides (PYRs) on respiratory health during childhood. It remains unclear whether the PYR exposures can also impact on children's lung function. OBJECTIVES To explore the potential effects of prenatal PYR exposures on lung function in a population of Chinese children. METHODS This study included 233 mother-child dyads from the Laizhou Wan Birth Cohort (LWBC), Shandong province, northern China, between September 2010 and December 2013. Three metabolites of PYRs [3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), and cis- and trans-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (cis-DCCA and trans-DCCA)] were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in maternal urine samples collected at recruitment. Lung function was assessed with spirometry in children aged 6-8 years. Multivariable linear regression and generalized linear models (GLMs) assessed the associations of prenatal PYR exposures with lung function in children. RESULTS Among the PYR metabolites, 3-PBA (81.5%) were most frequently detected, followed by trans-DCCA (55.4%) and cis-DCCA (21.9%). The 3-PBA concentration was associated with a 1% decrease in FEV1/FVC in the highest quartiles of exposure compared to the lowest quartile, with a potential dose response association (p-trend = 0.085). Our findings provide a suggestive effect modification by sex, with girls being more susceptible than the boys (p-trend = 0.011). However, there were no associations between the trans-DCCA concentration and lung function parameters. CONCLUSION Prenatal 3-PBA concentrations were associated with a modest decrease in FEV1/FVC among school-aged children, and the association was slightly more pronounced for the girls than for the boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Angela Vinturache
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi Hu
- Center for Medical Bioinformatics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guodong Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Kim J, Yang S, Moodie EEM, Obida M, Bornman R, Eskenazi B, Chevrier J. Prenatal Exposure to Insecticides and Weight Trajectories Among South African Children in the VHEMBE Birth Cohort. Epidemiology 2022; 33:505-513. [PMID: 35394964 PMCID: PMC9156531 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) or pyrethroid insecticides are sprayed inside dwellings for malaria vector control, resulting in high exposure to millions of people, including pregnant women. These chemicals disrupt endocrine function and may affect child growth. To our knowledge, few studies have investigated the potential impact of prenatal exposure to DDT or pyrethroids on growth trajectories. METHODS We investigated associations between gestational insecticide exposure and child growth trajectories in the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment, a birth cohort of 751 children born between 2012 and 2013 in South Africa. Based on child weight measured at follow-up and abstracted from medical records, we modeled weight trajectories from birth to 5 years using SuperImposition, Translation and Rotation, which estimated two child-specific parameters: size (average weight) and tempo (age at peak weight velocity). We estimated associations between peripartum maternal concentrations of serum DDT, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, or urinary pyrethroid metabolites and SuperImposition, Translation and Rotation parameters using marginal structural models. RESULTS We observed that a 10-fold increase in maternal concentrations of the pyrethroid metabolite trans-3-(2,2,-dicholorvinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane carboxylic acid was associated with a 21g (95% confidence interval = -40, -1.6) smaller size among boys but found no association among girls (Pinteraction = 0.07). Estimates suggested that pyrethroids may be associated with earlier tempo but were imprecise. We observed no association with serum DDT or dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene. CONCLUSIONS Inverse associations between pyrethroids and weight trajectory parameters among boys are consistent with hypothesized disruption of androgen pathways and with our previous research in this population, and support the endocrine-disrupting potential of pyrethroids in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Seungmi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erica E. M. Moodie
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Muvhulawa Obida
- University of Pretoria Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Riana Bornman
- University of Pretoria Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Chevrier
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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13
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Prenatal exposure to insecticides and child cardiometabolic risk factors in the VHEMBE birth cohort. Environ Epidemiol 2022; 6:e196. [PMID: 35434465 PMCID: PMC9005249 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of malaria control programs, many countries spray dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) or pyrethroid insecticides inside dwellings in a practice called indoor residual spraying that results in high levels of exposure to local populations. Gestational exposure to these endocrine- and metabolism-disrupting chemicals may influence child cardiometabolic health.
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14
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Burns CJ, LaKind JS. Elements to increase translation in pyrethroid epidemiology research: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:152568. [PMID: 34954171 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides have been the subject of numerous epidemiology studies in the past two decades. We examined the pyrethroids epidemiology literature published between 2016 and 2021. Our objective with this exercise was to inform interested readers regarding information on methodological elements that strengthen a study's use for translation (i.e., use in risk assessment) and to describe aspects of future research methods that could improve utility for decision-making. We focused on the following elements: (i) study design that provided evidence that pyrethroid exposure preceded the outcome, (ii) evidence that the method used for exposure characterization was reliable and sufficiently accurate for the intended purpose, and (iii) use of a robust approach for outcome ascertainment. For each of the 74 studies identified via the literature search, we categorized the methodological elements as Acceptable or Supplemental. A study with three Acceptable elements was considered Relevant for risk assessment purposes. Based on our evaluative approach, 18 (24%) of the 74 publications were considered to be Relevant. These publications were categorized as Acceptable for all three elements assessed: confirmed exposure (N = 24), confirmed outcome (N = 64), exposure preceded the outcome (N = 44). Three of these studies were birth cohorts. There were 15 Relevant publications of adults which included 10 Agricultural Health Study cohort publications of self-reported permethrin. Overall, the majority of the reviewed studies used methods that did not permit a determination that pyrethroid exposure preceded the outcome, and/or did not utilize robust methods for exposure assessment and outcome ascertainment. There is an opportunity for investigators and research sponsors to build on the studies reviewed here and to incorporate more translational approaches to studying exposure/outcome associations related to pesticides and other chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol J Burns
- Burns Epidemiology Consulting, LLC, Sanford, MI 48657, USA.
| | - Judy S LaKind
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Catonsville, MD 21228, USA
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15
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Wacławik M, Rodzaj W, Wielgomas B. Silicone Wristbands in Exposure Assessment: Analytical Considerations and Comparison with Other Approaches. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19041935. [PMID: 35206121 PMCID: PMC8872583 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19041935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to numerous potentially harmful chemicals throughout their lifetime. Although many studies have addressed this issue, the data on chronic exposure is still lacking. Hence, there is a growing interest in methods and tools allowing to longitudinally track personal exposure to multiple chemicals via different routes. Since the seminal work, silicone wristbands (WBs) have been increasingly used to facilitate human exposure assessment, as using WBs as a wearable sampler offers new insights into measuring chemical risks involved in many ambient and occupational scenarios. However, the literature lacks a detailed overview regarding methodologies being used; a comprehensive comparison with other approaches of personal exposure assessment is needed as well. Therefore, the aim of this review is fourfold. First, we summarize hitherto conducted research that employed silicone WBs as personal passive samplers. Second, all pre-analytical and analytical steps used to obtain exposure data are discussed. Third, we compare main characteristics of WBs with key features of selected matrices used in exposure assessment, namely urine, blood, hand wipes, active air sampling, and settled dust. Finally, we discuss future needs of research employing silicone WBs. Our work shows a variety of possibilities, advantages, and caveats associated with employment of silicone WBs as personal passive samplers. Although further research is necessary, silicone WBs have already been proven valuable as a tool for longitudinal assessment of personal exposure.
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16
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Xue Q, Pan A, Wen Y, Huang Y, Chen D, Yang CX, Hy Wu J, Yang J, Pan J, Pan XF. Association between pyrethroid exposure and cardiovascular disease: A national population-based cross-sectional study in the US. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 153:106545. [PMID: 33839550 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pyrethroids-containing products are widely used as commercial and household insecticides. While animal studies and clinical case reports have shown acute cardiovascular outcomes of pyrethroids exposure, little has been known on the effect of chronic pyrethroid exposure on cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to examine the associations between chronic pyrethroid exposure and CVD in the US adults. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002 and 2007-2012 were analyzed. The exposure to pyrethroids was determined as the urinary level of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), and CVD was ascertained based on self-reported physician diagnoses. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to evaluate associations of pyrethroid exposure with CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke. RESULTS Included were 6,471 participants with a mean age of 44.77 years (standard error, 0.39) for final analyses. The weighted prevalence of CVD, CHD, and stroke was 6.85%, 4.57% and 2.27%, respectively. With adjustments for major confounders, participants in the highest tertile of urinary 3-PBA had higher odds of CVD (odds ratio, 1.58; 95% confidence interval: 1.12, 2.23) and CHD (OR, 1.75; 95% CI: 1.17, 2.61) compared to those in the lowest tertile. There were linear associations for CVD (P for trend = 0.04) and CHD (P for trend = 0.02). However, no significant association was noted for stroke (1.29; 0.78, 2.16) in the main analyses. CONCLUSIONS 3-PBA was adversely associated with CVD and CHD in the US adults. Our findings highlight potential cardiovascular risk of chronic exposure to pyrethroids, and should be validated in large prospective studies in different populations in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Wen
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yichao Huang
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Xia Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jason Hy Wu
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jie Yang
- International Clinical Research Center & Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Jay Pan
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institue for Healthy Cities, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiong-Fei Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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17
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Fäys F, Hardy EM, Palazzi P, Haan S, Beausoleil C, Appenzeller BMR. Biomonitoring of fast-elimination endocrine disruptors - Results from a 6-month follow up on human volunteers with repeated urine and hair collection. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146330. [PMID: 34030378 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of human exposure to fast-elimination endocrine disruptors (ED) such as phthalates, bisphenols or pesticides is usually based on urinary biomarkers. The variability of biomarkers concentration, due to rapid elimination from the body combined with frequent exposure is however pointed out as a major limitation to exposure assessment. Other matrices such as hair, less sensitive to short-term variations in the exposure, have been proposed as possible alternatives. Nevertheless, no study compared the information obtained from hair and urine respectively in a follow-up allowing to assess biomarkers variability over time in these two matrices, and to compare the correlation between them. METHODS In the present study, hair and urine samples were collected from 16 volunteers over a 6 months follow-up. All in all, 92 hair samples and 805 urines samples were collected and analyzed for the presence of 16 phthalate metabolites, 4 bisphenols and 8 pesticides/metabolites. RESULTS All the biomarkers analyzed were detected in at least one of the two matrices. 21 biomarkers were more frequently detected in hair, 6 in urine, and 1 was equivalent. Biomarkers intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) ranged from 0.1 to 0.8 (ten above 0.4) in hair, and from 0.09 to 0.51 in urine (two above 0.4). The concentrations of biomarkers in hair and urine were significantly correlated for only one compound. CONCLUSION This study highlights the complexity of assessing exposure to fast-elimination ED and suggests considering with caution the specificity of the matrix in data interpretation. The results document the respective advantages and limitations of urine and hair, and provide new insight in the understanding of the information provided by these biological matrices and their relevance for the assessment of human exposure to fast elimination contaminants. CAPSULE 92 hair and 805 urine samples collected from 16 volunteers over 6 months, tested for phthalate metabolites, bisphenols and pesticides. 19 biomarkers (in hair) and 24 (in urine) were detected in >50% of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Fäys
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; University of Luxembourg, 2, avenue de l'Université, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Emilie M Hardy
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Paul Palazzi
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Serge Haan
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Claire Beausoleil
- ANSES, Risk Assessment Department, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Brice M R Appenzeller
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg.
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18
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Rodzaj W, Wileńska M, Klimowska A, Dziewirska E, Jurewicz J, Walczak-Jędrzejowska R, Słowikowska-Hilczer J, Hanke W, Wielgomas B. Concentrations of urinary biomarkers and predictors of exposure to pyrethroid insecticides in young, Polish, urban-dwelling men. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145666. [PMID: 33596511 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides are a class of pesticides with multiple agricultural and residential applications. However, widespread use of these chemicals may pose a threat to human health. Biomarkers of pyrethroid exposure are frequently detected in populations around the world, but some groups may be underrepresented. Moreover, there is an ongoing debate on factors contributing to pyrethroid burden in humans. To address these problems, we measured urinary biomarkers of pyrethroid exposure in urine samples from 306 young men living in urban area of Łódź, Poland, and gathered questionnaire data to identify predictors of exposure. Limit of detection (LOD) of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was 0.1 ng/mL for all quantified pyrethroid metabolites, namely cis-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (cis-DCCA), trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (trans-DCCA), cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (cis-DBCA), and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA). Detection rate ranged from 32% (cis-DBCA) to 76% (trans-DCCA). Concentrations of urinary biomarkers in studied sample were in lower range of these observed in similar studies, with unadjusted geometric means (GMs) of most prevalent biomarkers, trans-DCCA and 3-PBA, equal to 0.268 and 0.228 ng/mL, respectively. As for questionnaire data, the statistical analysis revealed that non-dietary factors, especially dog ownership and pesticide use on household pets, contribute significantly to urinary trans-DCCA and 3-PBA concentrations (p ≤ 0.009). Moreover, a few dietary sources of exposure were identified, such as seeds and nuts consumption for 3-PBA (p < 0.001) and vegetable juice intake for trans-DCCA (p = 0.015). Multivariate analyses further highlighted the importance of non-dietary factors in pyrethroid exposure. Compared to other works, our results confirm widespread exposure to pyrethroids observed in other studies and stress the role of residential pyrethroid use in pyrethroid burden in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Rodzaj
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Malwina Wileńska
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Klimowska
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Emila Dziewirska
- Departament of Chemical Safety, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Street, 91-348 Łódź, Poland
| | - Joanna Jurewicz
- Departament of Chemical Safety, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Street, 91-348 Łódź, Poland
| | - Renata Walczak-Jędrzejowska
- Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical University of Łódź, 251 Pomorska Street, 92-213 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jolanta Słowikowska-Hilczer
- Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical University of Łódź, 251 Pomorska Street, 92-213 Łódź, Poland
| | - Wojciech Hanke
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Street, 91-348 Łódź, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wielgomas
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Hallera Street, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
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19
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Hu P, Su W, Vinturache A, Gu H, Cai C, Lu M, Ding G. Urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) concentration and pulmonary function in children: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012 analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116178. [PMID: 33341554 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have reported association of urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), a major metabolite of pyrethroid insecticides (PYRs), with respiratory disease. However, knowledge regarding its effect on pulmonary function in susceptible children is limited. This study aimed to assess the associations between environmental 3-PBA concentrations and pulmonary function in children aged 6-17 years. Using data on 1174 children aged 6-17 years from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012, the exposure to PYRs was assessed by measuring urinary 3-PBA concentrations and pulmonary function was assessed by spirometry. Multivariable linear regression and generalized linear models (GLMs) were used to examine the associations between 3-PBA concentrations and pulmonary function in children, controlling for confounders. We found that 3-PBA concentrations were inversely associated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and peak expiratory flow (PEF) in the pediatric population (p-trends < 0.05). When stratified by age (6-10 and 11-17 years) and gender (boys and girls), the adverse effects of PYR exposures on pulmonary function were more pronounced among boys aged 11-17 years. Among this age group, 3-PBA concentrations were negatively associated with FEV1, FVC, forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC (FEF25-75%), and PEF. However, among children aged 6-10 years, no associations were found between 3-PBA concentrations and any of the pulmonary function measures, in either boys or girls. Our findings suggest that environmental PYR exposures may adversely affect children's pulmonary function, with the strongest associations among 11-17 years old boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weiwei Su
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Angela Vinturache
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Queen Elizabeth II Hospital, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Haoxiang Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chen Cai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guodong Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Lin X, Pan W, Liu J. Variability of urinary pyrethroid biomarkers in Chinese young-aged men and women over one year. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116155. [PMID: 33280923 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are a class of the most commonly used insecticides. The urinary metabolites are usually used as biomarkers of pyrethroid exposures in humans. In this study, the temporal variability of urinary pyrethroid biomarkers was investigated among 114 Chinese young-aged adults who provided up to 4-11 urine samples over one year. The detection rates of four urinary pyrethroid biomarkers, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3PBA), 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (4F-3PBA), trans-2,2-(dichloro)-2-dimethylvinylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (trans-DCCA) and cis-2,2-(dichloro)-2-dimethylvinylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (cis-DCCA) were 100%, 8%, 69% and 44%, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) estimates for 3PBA indicated poor reproducibility (<0.15) in the spot urine samples of young-aged adults over a week, month and year. Log-transformed 3PBA used the least number of random spot urine samples (≥4) per person, which would provide a reliable biomarker estimate (ICC≥0.40) over a year. As the predictors of the top 33% yearly average 3PBA concentrations, the sensitivity and specificity of 3PBA ranged from 0.25 to 0.89, 0.58 to 0.96, respectively. Based on the results of this study, we recommend at least 4 urine samples collected 3 months apart for prospective assessment of pyrethroid exposure in the epidemiological studies to estimate exposure-response relationships between pyrethroids and health outcomes with relative long-term exposure periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wuye Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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21
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Quindroit P, Crépet A, Brochot C. Estimating human exposure to pyrethroids' mixtures from biomonitoring data using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 192:110281. [PMID: 33031810 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Human biomonitoring data provide evidence to exposure of environmental chemicals. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling together with an adequate exposure scenario allows to transpose measured concentrations of chemicals or their metabolites into exposure levels, as daily intakes. In France, high levels of urinary pyrethroids metabolites have been measured in populations. Our work aims at estimating the exposure of the French ENNS cohort to mixtures of four pyrethroids (deltamethrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, and cyfluthrin) from the urinary concentrations of five pyrethroids' metabolites commonly measured in biomonitoring studies. We developed a modelling approach based on a global toxicokinetic model that accounts for the cumulative exposure to pyrethroids as some of the metabolites can be shared by several parent compounds and for human inter-individual variability in metabolism. The median of the individual daily intakes was estimated to 8.1 ng/kg bw/day for permethrin, 17.7 ng/kg bw/day for cypermethrin, 20.4 ng/kg bw/day for cyfluthrin and 34.3 ng/kg bw/day for deltamethrin leading to similar weights for the pair permethrin and cypermethrin (36%), cyfluthrin (31%) and deltamethrin (33%) to the cumulative exposure. Accounting for human variability enabled to explain some of the variations in the metabolites' levels within the cohort. The cumulative exposure was then weighted by their toxicities towards three neurotoxic effects to calculate margins of exposure (MOE). Low MOE values were always associated with high measured concentrations of metabolites in urine and the lowest MOEs were observed for the autonomic division. No risks associated with reconstructed mixtures of pyrethroids were expected for the ENNS cohort. Our approach is an asset to analyse the biomarkers of exposure to pyrethroids simultaneously and could be easily adapted to any local or national specificities in pyrethroids' exposure or populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Quindroit
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550, Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Amélie Crépet
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Risk Assessment Department, Methodology and Studies Unit, 947001, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Céline Brochot
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550, Verneuil en Halatte, France.
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22
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Faÿs F, Palazzi P, Hardy EM, Schaeffer C, Phillipat C, Zeimet E, Vaillant M, Beausoleil C, Rousselle C, Slama R, Appenzeller BMR. Is there an optimal sampling time and number of samples for assessing exposure to fast elimination endocrine disruptors with urinary biomarkers? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 747:141185. [PMID: 32771784 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In studies investigating the effects of endocrine disruptors (ED) such as phthalates, bisphenols and some pesticides on human health, exposure is usually characterized with urinary metabolites. The variability of biomarkers concentration, due to rapid elimination from the body combined with frequent exposure is however pointed out as a major limitation to exposure assessment. This study was conducted to assess variability of urinary metabolites of ED, and to investigate how sampling time and number of samples analyzed impacts exposure assessment. Urine samples were collected over 6 months from 16 volunteers according to a random sampling design, and analyzed for 16 phthalate metabolites, 9 pesticide metabolites and 4 bisphenols. The amount of biomarkers excreted in urine at different times of the day were compared. In parallel, 2 algorithms were developed to investigate the effect of the number of urine samples analyzed per subject on exposure assessment reliability. In the 805 urine samples collected from the participants, all the biomarkers tested were detected, and 18 were present in >90% of the samples. Biomarkers variability was highlighted by the low intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) ranging from 0.09 to 0.51. Comparing the amount of biomarkers excreted in urine at different time did not allow to identify a preferred moment for urine collection between first day urine, morning, afternoon and evening. Algorithms demonstrated that between 10 (for monobenzyl (MBzP) phthalate) and 31 (for bisphenol S) samples were necessary to correctly classify 87.5% of the subjects into quartiles according to their level of exposure. The results illustrate the high variability of urinary biomarkers of ED over time and the impossibility to reliably classify subjects based on a single urine sample (or a limited number). Results showed that classifying individuals based on urinary biomarkers requires several samples per subject, and this number is highly different for different biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Faÿs
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; University of Luxembourg, 2, avenue de l'Université, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - P Palazzi
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - E M Hardy
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - C Schaeffer
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - C Phillipat
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Site Santé - Allée des Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - E Zeimet
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - M Vaillant
- Competence Center for Methodology and Statistics, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - C Beausoleil
- ANSES, Risk Assessment Department, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - C Rousselle
- ANSES, Risk Assessment Department, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - R Slama
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Site Santé - Allée des Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - B M R Appenzeller
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
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23
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Klimowska A, Amenda K, Rodzaj W, Wileńska M, Jurewicz J, Wielgomas B. Evaluation of 1-year urinary excretion of eight metabolites of synthetic pyrethroids, chlorpyrifos, and neonicotinoids. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 145:106119. [PMID: 32950790 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic pyrethroids, chlorpyrifos, and neonicotinoids are representatives of non-persistent insecticides ubiquitously used against insects all over the world. Their widespread use causes prevalent exposure to these compounds, which may be hazardous to human health. The insecticides have short biological half-lives and are mostly excreted in urine within 24 h after entering the human body; thus, the urinary concentration of their metabolites is highly dependent on the time elapsed between exposure and sample collection. Considering the within-day fluctuations in urinary concentration, one randomly collected sample may cause misclassification of long-term exposure. We evaluated the variability of excretion of eight insecticide metabolites in 24-h urine samples collected from 14 volunteers once or twice per month over 12 consecutive months. High detection frequency above 70% for non-specific metabolites of pyrethroid, chlorpyrifos, and neonicotinoids confirmed widespread exposure to these insecticides in the studied population. A long-term variability of exposure was assessed based on intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). We found relatively low variability of excretion for non-specific pyrethroid metabolites and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (ICC > 0.75), but poor repeatability for 6-chloronicotinic acid. Constantly higher ICCs were observed for daily excretion than for unadjusted concentrations. Seasonal differences were observed for 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol and 6-chloronicotinic acid, with the highest and the lowest median concentration, respectively, in the summer. Due to high ICC values and lack of seasonal variations, one 24-h urine sample was considered sufficient to characterize long-term excretion of non-specific pyrethroid metabolites in non-occupationally exposed population. In addition, we calculated the daily intake (DI) for cypermethrin, permethrin, deltamethrin, and chlorpyrifos. The estimated DI values were mostly below the acceptable daily intake, which indicates that the evaluated exposure is non-hazardous to the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Klimowska
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Amenda
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Rodzaj
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Malwina Wileńska
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Joanna Jurewicz
- Departament of Chemical Safety, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St, 91-348 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Wielgomas
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
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24
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Agier L, Slama R, Basagaña X. Relying on repeated biospecimens to reduce the effects of classical-type exposure measurement error in studies linking the exposome to health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109492. [PMID: 32330767 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The exposome calls for assessing numerous exposures, typically using biomarkers with varying amounts of measurement error, which can be assumed to be of classical type. We evaluated the impact of classical-type measurement error on the performance of exposome-health studies, and the efficiency of two measurement error correction methods relying on the collection of repeated biospecimens: within-subject biospecimens pooling and regression calibration. In a simulation study, we generated 237 exposures from a realistic correlation matrix, with various amounts of classical-type measurement error, and a continuous health outcome linearly influenced by exposures. Measurement error decreased the sensitivity to identify exposures influencing health from a value of 75% down to 46%, increased false discovery proportion from 26% to 49% and increased attenuation bias in the slope of true predictors from 45% to 66%. Assuming that repeated biospecimens were available, within-subject pooling and regression calibration improved sensitivity (which increased to 63%), false discovery proportion (down to 37%) and bias (down to 49%) compared to an error-prone study with a single biospecimen per subject. Performances were poorer for the exposures with the largest amount of measurement error, and increased with the number of available biospecimens. Relying on repeated biospecimens only for the exposures with the largest amount of measurement error provided similar performance improvement. Exposome studies relying on spot exposure biospecimens suffer from decreased performances if some biomarkers suffer from measurement error due to their temporal variability; performances can be improved by collecting repeated biospecimens per subject, in particular for non persistent chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydiane Agier
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Inserm, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), U1209 Joint Research Center, Grenoble, France.
| | - Rémy Slama
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Inserm, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), U1209 Joint Research Center, Grenoble, France.
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
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25
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Bao W, Liu B, Simonsen DW, Lehmler HJ. Association Between Exposure to Pyrethroid Insecticides and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in the General US Adult Population. JAMA Intern Med 2020; 180:367-374. [PMID: 31886824 PMCID: PMC6990752 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.6019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Widespread exposure to pyrethroid insecticides has been reported among the general population in the United States and worldwide. However, little is known about the association of pyrethroid exposure with long-term health outcomes in adults. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of pyrethroid exposure with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among adults in the United States. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The nationally representative cohort included 2116 adults aged 20 years and older who participated in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 1999 to 2002 and provided urine samples for pyrethroid metabolite measurements. Participants were linked to mortality data from the survey date through December 31, 2015. Data were analyzed from May to August 2019. EXPOSURES Urinary levels of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, a general pyrethroid metabolite and commonly used biomarker for pyrethroid exposure, were determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray chemical ionization and tandem mass spectrometry. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. RESULTS This cohort study of 2116 adults comprised 1145 women (weighted proportion, 51.6%) and 971 men (weighted, 48.4%), with a weighted mean (SE) age of 42.6 (0.5) years; 958 participants (weighted, 68.4%) were of non-Hispanic white ancestry, 646 (weighted, 14.7%) of Hispanic ancestry, 419 (weighted, 11.3%) of non-Hispanic black ancestry, and 93 (weighted, 5.6%) of other ancestry. During a median of 14.4 years (range, 0.1-16.8 years) of observation, 246 deaths occurred, including 41 associated with cardiovascular disease and 52 associated with cancer. Participants with higher urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid levels were at a higher risk of death during the follow-up period, with death occurring in 8.5% (unweighted, 75 of 709), 10.2% (unweighted, 81 of 701), and 11.9% (unweighted, 90 of 706) of participants across increasing tertiles of urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid levels. After adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, dietary and lifestyle factors, body mass index, and urinary creatinine levels, the hazard ratios for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, and cancer mortality among participants with the highest tertile compared with those with the lowest tertile of urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid levels were 1.56 (95% CI, 1.08-2.26), 3.00 (95% CI, 1.02-8.80), and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.31-2.72), respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this nationally representative sample of US adults, environmental exposure to pyrethroid insecticides was associated with an increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. Further studies are needed to replicate the findings and determine the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Bao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Buyun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Derek W Simonsen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City
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26
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Fujino C, Watanabe Y, Sanoh S, Nakajima H, Uramaru N, Kojima H, Yoshinari K, Ohta S, Kitamura S. Activation of PXR, CAR and PPARα by pyrethroid pesticides and the effect of metabolism by rat liver microsomes. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02466. [PMID: 31538121 PMCID: PMC6745485 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used reporter gene assays in COS-1 cells to examine the activation of rat pregnane X receptor (PXR), rat constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and rat peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)α by pyrethroid pesticides, and to understand the effects of metabolic modification on their activities. All eight pyrethroids tested in this study showed rat PXR agonistic activity; deltamethrin was the most potent, followed by cis-permethrin and cypermethrin. However, when the pyrethroids were incubated with rat liver microsomes, their rat PXR activities were decreased to various extents. Cis- and trans-permethrin showed weak rat CAR agonistic activity, while the other pyrethroids were inactive. However, fenvalerate showed dose-dependent inverse agonistic activity toward rat CAR, and this activity was reduced after metabolism. None of the pyrethroids showed rat PPARα agonistic activity, but a metabolite of cis-/trans-permethrin and phenothrin, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, activated rat PPARα. Since PXR, CAR and PPARα regulate various xenobiotic/endobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, activation of these receptors by pyrethroids may result in endocrine disruption due to changes of hormone-metabolizing activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieri Fujino
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.,Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro 10281, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Yoko Watanabe
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro 10281, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Seigo Sanoh
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki, Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Naoto Uramaru
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro 10281, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kojima
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan.,Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita-19, Nishi-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Kouichi Yoshinari
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ohta
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.,Wakayama Medical University; 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kitamura
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro 10281, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan
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27
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Li AJ, Martinez-Moral MP, Kannan K. Temporal variability in urinary pesticide concentrations in repeated-spot and first-morning-void samples and its association with oxidative stress in healthy individuals. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 130:104904. [PMID: 31226556 PMCID: PMC6682452 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of humans to pesticides is widespread. Measurement of urinary levels of pesticides and their metabolites is often used in the assessment of body burdens and exposure doses to these chemicals. An understanding of temporal variability in urinary levels of pesticides within individuals is critical for accurate exposure assessment. We examined within- and between-individual variability in concentrations of nine organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides as well as two phenoxy herbicides in urine collected consecutively for up to 44 days from 19 individuals. Seven oxidative stress biomarkers also were measured in urine samples to elucidate their relationship with pesticide exposure. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to assess reproducibility in urinary pesticide concentrations from repeated measures. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed to evaluate the suitability of spot urine to characterize average exposures. Data analysis was further limited to seven pesticides and their metabolites, which had a detection frequency of >60%. Poor reproducibility was found for the seven pesticides and their metabolites in both spot (ICCs ≤0.24) and first-morning-void (FMV) samples (ICCs <0.38) collected during the 44-day study period. Use of single-spot or FMV sample to classify high (top 33%) concentrations showed high specificities (0.73-0.85) but low sensitivities (0.45-0.70). The minimum number of samples (k) required per individual to estimate participant-specific mean value for pesticides (within 20% of the "true" values) were 28-140 and 18-119 for spot and FMV samples, respectively. Repeated longitudinal measurements of these pesticides and their metabolites in urine showed considerable within-individual variability in both spot and FMV samples. Urinary concentrations of seven pesticides and their metabolites were significantly correlated with oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Jing Li
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, United States
| | - Maria-Pilar Martinez-Moral
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, United States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, United States; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Dalsager L, Fage-Larsen B, Bilenberg N, Jensen TK, Nielsen F, Kyhl HB, Grandjean P, Andersen HR. Maternal urinary concentrations of pyrethroid and chlorpyrifos metabolites and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in 2-4-year-old children from the Odense Child Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 176:108533. [PMID: 31229776 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrethroids and chlorpyrifos are widely used insecticides, but the potential impact of prenatal exposure on child neurodevelopment has only been addressed in few longitudinal studies. OBJECTIVES To investigate associations between prenatal exposure to pyrethroids and chlorpyrifos and traits of ADHD in 2-4-year-old children. METHODS Metabolites of chlorpyrifos and pyrethroids were measured in maternal urine collected at gestational week 28 among 1207 women from the Odense Child Cohort. Of these, 948 completed the Child Behavior Check List for ages 1.5-5 years (CBCL: 1½-5). Negative binomial and logistic regression models were used to estimate relative differences in ADHD problem scores (CBCL: 1½-5 subscale) expressed as the ratio of expected scores between exposure groups and the odds (OR) of scoring equal to or above the 90th percentile in relation to maternal urinary metabolite concentrations (continuous ln2-transformed or categorized into tertiles). The analyses were adjusted for maternal education level, parental psychiatric diagnosis, child age and sex. RESULTS The chlorpyrifos metabolite, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY), the generic pyrethroid metabolite, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), and the metabolite of trans-isomers of permethrin, cypermethrin, and cyfluthrin, trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (trans-DCCA), were detected in 90%, 94%, and 11%, respectively, of the urine samples. Each doubling in maternel 3-PBA concentration was associated with a 3% increase in the ADHD score (Ratio: 1.03 (95% CI: 1.00,1.07)) and a 13% higher odds of having a ADHD score ≥ the 90th percentile (OR: 1.13 (1.04,1.38)). Similar associations were seen for 3-PBA as categorical variable (p-trend=0.052 in negative binimoal regression, p-trend=0.007 in logistic regression). Furthermore, concurrent concentrations of 3-PBA and TCPY above their medians were associated with higher ADHD score (Ratio: 1.20 (1.04, 1.38)) and higher odds of scoring ≥ the 90th percentile (OR: 1.98 (1.26, 3.11)). Maternal trans-DCCA above the detection level increased the odds of ADHD symptoms (OR: 1.76 (1.08, 2.86)). The associations were not modified by sex. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to pyrethroids was associated with ADHD related traits at 2-4 years of age. Considering the widespread use of pyrethroids these results are of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Dalsager
- Department of Environmental Medicine; Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Bettina Fage-Larsen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Odense, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Bilenberg
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Odense, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Environmental Medicine; Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 23 C, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Flemming Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Medicine; Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henriette Boye Kyhl
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 23 C, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- Department of Environmental Medicine; Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Helle Raun Andersen
- Department of Environmental Medicine; Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Wang YX, Liu C, Shen Y, Wang Q, Pan A, Yang P, Chen YJ, Deng YL, Lu Q, Cheng LM, Miao XP, Xu SQ, Lu WQ, Zeng Q. Urinary levels of bisphenol A, F and S and markers of oxidative stress among healthy adult men: Variability and association analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 123:301-309. [PMID: 30553203 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) are increasingly used as alternatives to endocrine disrupting chemical bisphenol A (BPA). Evidence from in vitro and animal studies demonstrates that BPA, BPF and BPS induce oxidative stress, a proposed mechanism that is relevant to various adverse health effects. Evaluation in humans is hampered by the potentially high within-subject variability of urinary measurements. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the variability and associations of levels of BPA, BPS, BPF and 3 oxidative stress markers [i.e., 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-isoPGF2α) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-mercapturic acid (HNE-MA)] in urine collected on multiple occasions over 3 months. METHOD A total of 529 spot urine samples, including 88 first morning voids (FMVs) and 24-h specimens, were gathered from 11 adult men on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 30, 60 and 90 and analyzed for BPA, BPF, BPS, 8-OHdG, 8-isoPGF2α and HNE-MA. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were estimated to characterize the reproducibility of urinary bisphenols and oxidative stress markers, and linear mixed models were applied to assess the associations between markers of exposure and response. RESULTS BPA and BPF were detected in ≥85% of the spot samples, while BPS in 13% of the samples. High degrees of within-subject variability were found for BPA, BPF, 8-OHdG, 8-isoPGF2α and HNE-MA in spot samples, FMVs and 24-h specimens (creatinine-corrected ICCs ≤ 0.37). The sensitivities were low-to-moderate (0.30-0.63) when using single spot samples or FMVs to predict high (>27th, or 36th percentile) 3-month average urinary levels of BPA, BPF, 8-OHdG, 8-isoPGF2α and HNE-MA. Collecting repeated specimens at different time points improved the accuracy of classification for markers of exposure and response. Elevated urinary BPA and BPF were associated with significantly higher levels of oxidative stress markers. CONCLUSIONS Repeated urinary specimens are required to characterize bisphenol exposure levels and the oxidative stress status of individuals. Exposure to BPA and BPF may partly contribute to the elevated urinary levels of oxidative stress makers in adult men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, PR China
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Pan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ying-Jun Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Li-Ming Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ping Miao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shun-Qing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wen-Qing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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Hioki K, Ito Y, Oya N, Nakayama SF, Isobe T, Ebara T, Shibata K, Nishikawa N, Nakai K, Kamida T, Ueyama J, Sugiura-Ogasawara M, Kamijima M. Intra-individual variations of organophosphate pesticide metabolite concentrations in repeatedly collected urine samples from pregnant women in Japan. Environ Health Prev Med 2019; 24:7. [PMID: 30654738 PMCID: PMC6337762 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-019-0761-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-dose exposure to organophosphate (OP) insecticides during pregnancy may adversely affect neurodevelopment in children. To evaluate the OP exposure levels, single urine sampling is commonly adopted to measure the levels of dialkylphosphates (DAPs), common OP metabolites. However, the inter-day variations of urinary DAP concentrations within subjects are supposed to be large due to the short biological half-lives of the metabolites, and it is thus considered difficult to accurately assess OP exposure during pregnancy with single sampling. This study aimed to assess intra-individual variations of DAP concentrations and the reproducibility of the exposure dose categorization of OPs according to DAP concentration ranges in pregnant women in Japan. METHODS Urine samples were collected from 62 non-smoking pregnant women (12-22 weeks of gestation) living in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. First morning void (FMV) and spot urine samples taken between lunch and dinner on the same day were collected on five different days during 2 weeks. The concentrations of DAP and creatinine in urine samples were measured using an ultra performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Creatinine-adjusted and unadjusted concentrations were used for the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) calculations and surrogate category analyses. RESULTS For all DAP metabolites, the creatinine-adjusted single ICCs exceeded 0.4, indicating moderate reliability. Overall, ICCs of spot urine samples taken in the afternoon were better than those taken as FMV. Surrogate category analyses showed that participants were categorized accurately into four exposure dose groups according to the quartile points. CONCLUSION This study indicated that a single urine sample taken in the afternoon may be useful in assessing OP exposure as long as the exposure is categorized into quartiles when conducting epidemiological studies in early to mid-pregnant women in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Hioki
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Yuki Ito
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Naoko Oya
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Shoji F. Nakayama
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506 Japan
| | - Tomohiko Isobe
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506 Japan
| | - Takeshi Ebara
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Kanemitsu Shibata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya City West Medical Center, Nagoya, 462-8508 Japan
| | - Naomi Nishikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya City West Medical Center, Nagoya, 462-8508 Japan
| | - Kunihiko Nakai
- Department of Development and Environmental Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Tomota Kamida
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Jun Ueyama
- Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 461-8673 Japan
| | - Mayumi Sugiura-Ogasawara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Michihiro Kamijima
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
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Chevrier J, Rauch S, Crause M, Obida M, Gaspar F, Bornman R, Eskenazi B. Associations of Maternal Exposure to Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and Pyrethroids With Birth Outcomes Among Participants in the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and Their Environment Residing in an Area Sprayed for Malaria Control. Am J Epidemiol 2019; 188:130-140. [PMID: 29992330 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwy143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although effective in controlling malaria, indoor residual spraying results in elevated exposure to insecticides such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and pyrethroids. These chemicals cross the placenta, but no studies have examined their associations with birth outcomes in populations residing in indoor residual spraying areas. We investigated this question in the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and Their Environment (VHEMBE), a birth cohort study of 751 South African children born between 2012 and 2013. We measured maternal peripartum serum DDT and urine pyrethroid metabolite concentrations and collected data on birth weight, length, head circumference, and duration of gestation. We analyzed the data using marginal structural models with inverse-probability-of-treatment weights, generalized propensity scores, and standard conditional linear regression. Using all 3 analytical methods, p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, and to a lesser extent p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene were related to elevated birth weight, birth length, and head circumference among girls. Changes in gestational duration did not mediate this relationship, suggesting that these exposures accelerate fetal growth, which is consistent with the known estrogenic properties of o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDT. No associations with pyrethroid metabolites were found. Results suggest that prenatal exposure to DDT is related to elevated birth size. Further studies are needed to elucidate the implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Chevrier
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephen Rauch
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Madelein Crause
- Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Muvhulawa Obida
- Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Fraser Gaspar
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Riana Bornman
- Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
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Dereumeaux C, Saoudi A, Goria S, Wagner V, De Crouy-Chanel P, Pecheux M, Berat B, Zaros C, Guldner L. Urinary levels of pyrethroid pesticides and determinants in pregnant French women from the Elfe cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 119:89-99. [PMID: 29944988 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are insecticides which are widely used for agricultural and domestic purposes. The general population can be exposed to them. Given the suspected effects of pesticides on the development of the foetus, exposure to pyrethroids during pregnancy is a major public health concern. The objective of this paper is to describe the urinary levels of the following five pyrethroid metabolites and their associated determinants among pregnant French women in 2011 enrolled in the Elfe cohort (n = 1077): a) 3-phenoxy benzoic (3-PBA), b) 4‑fluoro‑3‑phenoxy benzoic acid (4-F-3-PBA), c) Cis‑3‑(2,2dibromovinyl)‑2,2‑dimethyl cyclopropane-carboxylic acid (Cis-DBCA); d) Cis‑3‑(2,2dichlorovinyl)‑2,2‑dimethyl cyclopropane-carboxylic acid (Cis-DCCA) and e) Trans-3‑(2,2dichlorovinyl)‑2,2‑dimethyl cyclopropane-carboxylic acid (Trans-DCCA). The distribution levels were estimated for each pyrethroid metabolite. Multivariable analyses helped determine the predictors of these levels. All metabolites except 4-F-3-PBA were detected in all the urine samples. The mean urinary concentration of the sum of the metabolites (3-PBA, Cis-DBCA, Cis-DCCA, Trans-DCCA) was 1.18 μg/L, with the highest concentrations observed for 3-PBA. A comparison of these levels with other studies showed that pregnant French women tend to be more exposed to pyrethroids than their American counterparts, less exposed than Chinese and Caribbean mothers, and have similar exposure to Japanese mothers. In our study, urinary levels of pyrethroid metabolites were positively related to smoking during pregnancy, consuming fish and alcohol, domestic pesticide use and living in the vicinity of crops during pregnancy. These findings highlight the importance of non-dietary pathways when evaluating exposure to pyrethroids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdesattar Saoudi
- Santé publique France, 12 rue du Vald'Osne 94415 Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Sarah Goria
- Santé publique France, 12 rue du Vald'Osne 94415 Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Vérène Wagner
- Santé publique France, 12 rue du Vald'Osne 94415 Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | | | - Marie Pecheux
- Santé publique France, 12 rue du Vald'Osne 94415 Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Bénédicte Berat
- Santé publique France, 12 rue du Vald'Osne 94415 Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Cécile Zaros
- French National Institute for Health and Medical Research (Inserm), The "Elfe" INED-INSERM-EFS team, 133, Boulevard Davout, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Guldner
- Santé publique France, 12 rue du Vald'Osne 94415 Saint Maurice Cedex, France
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33
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Nakayama SF, Isobe T, Iwai-Shimada M, Kobayashi Y, Oguri T, Takeuchi A. [Exposure Assessment in Japan Environment and Children's Study]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2018; 73:156-163. [PMID: 29848868 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we present an initial plan for exposure assessment in the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) by focusing on a biomonitoring technique and discuss the challenges encountered when using the biomonitoring technique for exposure measurements. JECS registered 103,099 pregnant mothers and has been following children born to them. Various biological samples were collected from mothers during pregnancy (blood and urine), at birth (blood and hair) and at check-up one month after birth (breast milk). Samples were also collected from children at birth (cord blood) and at check-up one month after birth (hair and blood spot). Those samples will be used to assess maternal and foetal exposures to chemical substances. Measurement reliability, i.e., intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and attenuation bias related to low ICCs should be taken into consideration when using the biomonitoring results. Along with the biomonitoring technique, simulation models, pharmacokinetic (PK) models and exposomics techniques are under development in JECS. New analytical techniques include deciduous teeth measurements and -omics analyses. In particular, PK models and sensor technologies are one of the most important methodologies for future JECS exposure analyses. Statistical methods for examining the effects of intercorrelated multiple exposures as well as nondetection data should also be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji F Nakayama
- Exposure Dynamics Research Section, Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies.,Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies
| | - Tomohiko Isobe
- Exposure Dynamics Research Section, Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies.,Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies
| | - Miyuki Iwai-Shimada
- Exposure Dynamics Research Section, Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies.,Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies
| | - Yayoi Kobayashi
- Exposure Dynamics Research Section, Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies.,Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies
| | - Tomoko Oguri
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies
| | - Ayano Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University
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Li C, Cao M, Ma L, Ye X, Song Y, Pan W, Xu Z, Ma X, Lan Y, Chen P, Liu W, Liu J, Zhou J. Pyrethroid Pesticide Exposure and Risk of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency in Chinese Women. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:3240-3248. [PMID: 29444570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are a class of widely used insecticides. Female animal studies suggested that pyrethroid exposure impaired ovarian function, which resulted in similar symptoms of primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). However, it is still unknown whether this association applies to women. In this case-control study, a total of 172 POI patients and 247 control women were recruited in Zhejiang, China. The urinary concentrations of metabolites of pyrethroids, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) and 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (4-F-3-PBA), as well as the serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) were determined. The associations of pyrethroid metabolites with POI and POI-related hormones were accessed using unconditional logistic regression. Higher urinary levels of 3-PBA were significantly associated with increased risk of POI [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.344, 95% CI: 1.193-4.607 for the highest vs lowest quartile of 3-PBA, p = 0.013]. Stratified analyses showed that each log increase in urinary 3-PBA concentration was significantly associated with an induction in odds of 51.0% being in the highest quartile of FSH and 28.6% being in the highest quartile of LH levels, whereas a 25.9% reduction in odds of being in the highest quartile of AMH levels (All p for trend <0.05). To our knowledge, this is the first case-control study to report an association of pyrethroid exposure with increased risk of POI in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Li
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310006 , China
| | - Miaofeng Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Linjuan Ma
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310006 , China
| | - Xiaoqing Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Yang Song
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310006 , China
| | - Wuye Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Zhengfen Xu
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310006 , China
| | - Xiaochen Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Yibing Lan
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310006 , China
| | - Peiqiong Chen
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310006 , China
| | - Weiping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Jianhong Zhou
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310006 , China
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Chiu YH, Williams PL, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Gillman M, Sun Q, Ospina M, Calafat AM, Hauser R, Chavarro JE. Comparison of questionnaire-based estimation of pesticide residue intake from fruits and vegetables with urinary concentrations of pesticide biomarkers. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2018; 28:31-39. [PMID: 28930298 PMCID: PMC5734986 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2017.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We developed a pesticide residue burden score (PRBS) based on a food frequency questionnaire and surveillance data on food pesticide residues to characterize dietary exposure over the past year. In the present study, we evaluated the association of the PRBS with urinary concentrations of pesticide biomarkers. Fruit and vegetable (FV) intake was classified as having high (PRBS≥4) or low (PRBS<4) pesticide residues for 90 men from the EARTH study. Two urine samples per man were analyzed for seven biomarkers of organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides, and the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. We used generalized estimating equations to analyze the association of the PRBS with urinary concentrations of pesticide biomarkers. Urinary concentrations of pesticide biomarkers were positively related to high pesticide FV intake but inversely related to low pesticide FV intake. The molar sum of urinary concentrations of pesticide biomarkers was 21% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2%, 44%) higher for each one serving/day increase in high pesticide FV intake, and 10% (95% CI: 1%, 18%) lower for each one serving/day increase in low pesticide FV intake. Furthermore, intake of high pesticide FVs positively related to most individual urinary biomarkers. Our findings support the usefulness of the PRBS approach to characterize dietary exposure to select pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Chiu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paige L. Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew Gillman
- Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Ospina
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jorge E. Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Ye X, Pan W, Zhao Y, Zhao S, Zhu Y, Liu W, Liu J. Association of pyrethroids exposure with onset of puberty in Chinese girls. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 227:606-612. [PMID: 28501319 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids, a class of ubiquitous insecticides, have been considered as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Female animal studies suggested that early-life pyrethroids exposure might delay puberty onset. However, it remains unclear whether this association applies to human populations. A total of 305 girls at the ages of 9-15 years old were recruited in Hangzhou, China in this study. The concentration of the common metabolite of pyrethroids, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), was analyzed in urine samples to reflect the exposure level of pyrethroids. The associations of 3-PBA with pubertal stages were evaluated using a multinomial logistic regression model. The geometric mean level of 3-PBA was 1.11 μg/L (1.42 μg/g for creatinine-adjusted concentration). There was a significant 45% reduction in odds of being in breast stage 3 (B3) per one-unit increase in the log-transformed 3-PBA levels [OR = 0.55 (95%CI: 0.31-0.98), p = 0.042]. A similar negative association was found between urinary 3-PBA levels with later onset by pubic hair stage 2 (P2) [OR = 0.56 (95%CI: 0.36-0.90), p = 0.015]. Similar negative association was also observed between urinary 3-PBA levels and pubertal onset indicated by menarche [OR = 0.51 (95%CI: 0.28-0.93), p = 0.029]. For the first time to our knowledge, this work reveals that pyrethroids exposure may increase the risk of delayed pubertal onset in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wuye Pan
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuehao Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shilin Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Goodman M, Naiman DQ, LaKind JS. Systematic review of the literature on triclosan and health outcomes in humans. Crit Rev Toxicol 2017; 48:1-51. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2017.1350138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Goodman
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel Q. Naiman
- Department of Applied Mathematics & Statistics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Judy S. LaKind
- LaKind Associates, LLC, Catonsville, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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38
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Hyland C, Laribi O. Review of take-home pesticide exposure pathway in children living in agricultural areas. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 156:559-570. [PMID: 28437652 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children of farmworkers may be chronically exposed to pesticides via the take-home exposure pathway. OBJECTIVE The goal of this review was to analyze scientific literature evaluating the role of the take-home pesticide exposure pathway in children of agricultural workers. METHODS A systematic review was undertaken and inclusion criteria were applied to identify original articles of interest. Of the 30 articles included in this review, some belonged to the same studies, resulting in a total of 23 studies. Eight studies assessed environmental samples, nine collected biological samples, and the remaining six analyzed both. Eleven studies compared pesticide levels between farm and non-farm families. RESULTS There is convincing evidence that children of farmworkers are exposed to pesticides at higher levels than "non-agricultural" children, even when residing in the same agricultural communities. These levels were shown to depend on the season, occupation, number of farmworkers per home, and type of crops. Other factors such as age, gender and, sex seem to also influence this pathway. Some studies have shown that pesticides used solely in agriculture are found only in households of farmworkers spraying these pesticides. Moreover, intervention studies have shown that behaviors among farmworkers can significantly lower exposure of people living in the same households as farmworkers. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The evidence presented here raises concerns regarding health effects associated with exposure to pesticides in children living in agricultural communities, and indicates that strategies should be developed to reduce exposures in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Hyland
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ouahiba Laribi
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, CalEPA, Oakland, CA, USA.
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Ye X, Pan W, Zhao S, Zhao Y, Zhu Y, Liu J, Liu W. Relationships of Pyrethroid Exposure with Gonadotropin Levels and Pubertal Development in Chinese Boys. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:6379-6386. [PMID: 28478668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although an acceleration of male pubertal development has been observed, precisely which endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) might contribute to the advancing onset of puberty in boys remains unclear. Here, pyrethroids, a class of widely used insecticides that have been considered as EDCs, are proposed as new environmental risk factors. In this study, 463 boys at the age of 9-16 years old were recruited in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. The common metabolites of pyrethroids, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), and 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (4-F-3-PBA), as well as gonadotropins, including luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), were analyzed in urine samples. Pubertal development was assessed based on Tanner stages and testicular volume (TV). A positive association between 3-PBA and gonadotropins was found (p < 0.001), in which a 10% increase in 3-PBA was associated with a 2.4% and 2.9% increase in LH and FSH, respectively. Higher urinary levels of 3-PBA in boys were associated with 275% and 280% increase in the risk of being genitalia stage 3 (G3) and G4, respectively (p < 0.05). There was a significant (132%) induction in odd of being TV 12-19 mL with increasing 3-PBA concentration compared to being in TV < 4 mL (p < 0.05). For the first time to our knowledge, this work reports on an association of increased pyrethroid exposure with elevated gonadotropins levels and earlier pubertal development in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, ‡Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, and §School of Public Health, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wuye Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, ‡Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, and §School of Public Health, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shilin Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, ‡Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, and §School of Public Health, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuehao Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, ‡Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, and §School of Public Health, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, ‡Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, and §School of Public Health, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, ‡Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, and §School of Public Health, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, ‡Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, and §School of Public Health, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China
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Yoshida T. Analytical Method for Pyrethroid Metabolites in Urine of the Non-Occupationally Exposed Population by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2017; 55:873-881. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmx048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Göen T, Schmidt L, Lichtensteiger W, Schlumpf M. Efficiency control of dietary pesticide intake reduction by human biomonitoring. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2017; 220:254-260. [PMID: 27939065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In spite of food safety controls for pesticide residues, a conventional diet still leads to a noticeable exposure of the general population to several pesticides. In a pilot study the response of exposure reduction by organic diet intervention on the urinary levels of pesticide metabolites was investigated. In the study two adult individuals were kept on a conventional diet for 11days and morning urine voids were collected at the last four days of the period. Afterwards, the participants switched to exclusively organic food intake for 18days and likewise morning urine samples were collected at the last four days of this period. In the urine samples six pyrethroid metabolites, six dialkylphosphates, four phenolic parameter for organophosphate pesticides and carbamates, 6-chloronicotinic acid (ClNA) as parameter for neonicotinoid insecticides, seven phenoxy herbicides, glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA were quantified using gas chromatographic mass spectrometric methods. Generally, the comparative analyses revealed greater shares as well as higher levels of the parameters in the samples taken during the common diet period compared to the organic diet period. Considerable decrease of the levels was found for almost all pyrethroid metabolites, dialkyphosphates and phenoxy herbicids, as well as for the phenolic metabolites 4-nitrophenol and 3,5,6-trichloropyridinol. In contrast, higher values were found for the organic diet period for ClNA and the metabolite of coumaphos in one of the volunteers. The present study confirms the results of former studies which indicated that an organic diet intervention results in considerable lower exposure to organophosphate pesticides and pyrethroids. It also verifies the former experience that monitoring of urinary parameters for non-persistent pesticides permits a reliable efficiency control of short-time effects by dietary interventions. Additionally to former studies, the results of the present study highlight the need of an extension of the parameter spectrum to all prominent pesticide groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Göen
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Lukas Schmidt
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Bevan R, Brown T, Matthies F, Sams C, Jones K, Hanlon J, La Vedrine M. Human biomonitoring data collection from occupational exposure to pesticides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2017.en-1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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43
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Within-subject Pooling of Biological Samples to Reduce Exposure Misclassification in Biomarker-based Studies. Epidemiology 2017; 27:378-88. [PMID: 27035688 PMCID: PMC4820663 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. For chemicals with high within-subject temporal variability, assessing exposure biomarkers in a spot biospecimen poorly estimates average levels over long periods. The objective is to characterize the ability of within-subject pooling of biospecimens to reduce bias due to exposure misclassification when within-subject variability in biomarker concentrations is high.
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44
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Han J, Zhou L, Luo M, Liang Y, Zhao W, Wang P, Zhou Z, Liu D. Nonoccupational Exposure to Pyrethroids and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in the Chinese Population. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:664-670. [PMID: 27966923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids and the metabolites have been frequently observed in the environment. Animal data suggests that pyrethroids can induce adverse effect on the cardiovascular system but there are no human studies examining pyrethoids exposure as a risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). We analyzed three nonspecific pyrethroids metabolites in urine and studied the association with CHD risk. A total of 72 CHD patients and 136 healthy subjects were recruited in Shanxi province in China from 2013 to 2014 by matching age and gender. The median concentrations of urinary cis-CDDA (cis-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropane carboxylic acid), trans-CDDA (trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropane carboxylic acid) and 3-PBA (3-phenoxybenzoic acid) among healthy subjects were 1.03, 0.42, 0.74 μg/L respectively, while the median concentrations of the three metabolites among CHD patients were 1.93, 1.07, 1.09 μg/L respectively, significantly higher than healthy subjects. Upper tertile of urinary pyrethroid metabolites were associated with an increased risk of CHD compared with the lowest tertile (cis-CDDA: ORT3vsT1 = 6.86, 95% CI: 2.76-17.06, p-trend = 0.000; trans-CDDA: ORT3vsT1 = 6.94; 95% CI: 2.80-17.19; p-trend =0.000; 3-PBA: ORT3vsT1 = 3.62; 95% CI: 1.48-8.88; p-trend = 0.009; total pyrethroid metabolites: ORT3vsT1 = 4.55; 95% CI: 1.80-11.54; p-trend = 0.002). This study provides information on pyrethroids exposure in China and reveals a possible positive association between pyrethroids exposure and the risk of coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Han
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University , Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqin Zhou
- Xinzhou City People's Hospital, Xinzhou, Shanxi 034000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mai Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University , Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiran Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University , Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University , Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University , Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University , Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University , Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
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45
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Appenzeller BMR, Hardy EM, Grova N, Chata C, Faÿs F, Briand O, Schroeder H, Duca RC. Hair analysis for the biomonitoring of pesticide exposure: comparison with blood and urine in a rat model. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:2813-2825. [PMID: 28011991 PMCID: PMC5515982 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1910-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Urine and plasma have been used to date for the biomonitoring of exposure to pollutants and are still the preferred fluids for this purpose; however, these fluids mainly provide information on the short term and may present a high level of variability regarding pesticide concentrations, especially for nonpersistent compounds. Hair analysis may provide information about chronic exposure that is averaged over several months; therefore, this method has been proposed as an alternative to solely relying on these fluids. Although the possibility of detecting pesticides in hair has been demonstrated over the past few years, the unknown linkage between exposure and pesticides concentration in hair has limited the recognition of this matrix as a relevant tool for assessing human exposure. Based on a rat model in which there was controlled exposure to a mixture of pesticides composed of lindane, β-hexachlorocyclohexane, β-endosulfan, p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, dieldrin, pentachlorophenol, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, cyhalothrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, propiconazole, fipronil, oxadiazon, diflufenican, trifluralin, carbofuran, and propoxur, the current work demonstrates the association between exposure intensity and resulting pesticide concentration in hair. We also compared the results obtained from a hair analysis to urine and plasma collected from the same rats. Hair, blood, and urine were collected from rats submitted to 90-day exposure by gavage to the aforementioned mixture of common pesticides at different levels. We observed a linear relationship between exposure intensity and the concentration of pesticides in the rats’ hair (RPearson 0.453–0.978, p < 0.01). A comparison with results from urine and plasma samples demonstrated the relevance of hair analysis and, for many chemicals, its superiority over using fluids for differentiating animals from different groups and for re-attributing animals to their correct groups of exposure based on pesticide concentrations in the matrix. Therefore, this study strongly supports hair analysis as a reliable tool to be used during epidemiological studies to investigate exposure-associated adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice M R Appenzeller
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 Rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-sur Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Emilie M Hardy
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 Rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-sur Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Nathalie Grova
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 Rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-sur Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Caroline Chata
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 Rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-sur Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - François Faÿs
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 Rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-sur Alzette, Luxembourg.,Competence Center in Methodology and Statistics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 Rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-sur Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Olivier Briand
- French Ministry of Agriculture, Agrifood, and Forestry, Paris, France
| | - Henri Schroeder
- Unit Research Animal and Functionality of Animal Products (URAFPA), French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) UC340, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Radu-Corneliu Duca
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 Rue Henri Koch, 4354, Esch-sur Alzette, Luxembourg
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Liu T, Zhang C, Peng J, Zhang Z, Sun X, Xiao H, Sun K, Pan L, Liu X, Tu K. Residual Behaviors of Six Pesticides in Shiitake from Cultivation to Postharvest Drying Process and Risk Assessment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8977-8985. [PMID: 27933868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The dissipation of six pesticides (carbendazim, thiabendazole, procymidone, bifenthrin, λ-cyhalothrin, and β-cyfluthrin) in shiitakes from cultivation to postharvest drying process was investigated, and the dietary exposure risk was estimated thereafter. The field trial study indicates that the half-lives of carbendazim, thiabendazole, and procymidone were much shorter than those of bifenthrin, λ-cyhalothrin, and β-cyfluthrin. Furthermore, the effects of two drying processes on the residues and processing factors (PFs) were investigated. The results showed that hot-air drying resulted in higher residues than sunlight exposure drying. Both drying processes led to pesticide residue concentration (with PF > 1), except for thiabendazole upon sunlight exposure treatment. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) ranged from 0.06% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for thiabendazole to 42.43% of the ADI for procymidone. The results show that the six pesticide residues in dried shiitakes are still within acceptable levels for human consumption on the basis of a dietary risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Cunzheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science , Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science , Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science , Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Leiqing Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianjin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science , Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Tu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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Morgan M, Jones P, Sobus J, Boyd Barr D. Predictors of Urinary 3-Phenoxybenzoic Acid Levels in 50 North Carolina Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13111172. [PMID: 27886113 PMCID: PMC5129381 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Limited data are available on the non-chemical stressors that impact adult exposures to pyrethroid insecticides based on urinary biomonitoring. The urinary metabolite, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), is commonly used to assess human exposure to a number of pyrethroids. In a further analysis of published study data, we quantified urinary 3-PBA levels of 50 adults over a single, 24-h sampling period and examined the associations between the biomarker measurements and selected non-chemical stressors (demographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors). A convenience sample of 50 adults was recruited in North Carolina in 2009-2011. Participants collected individual urine voids (up to 11) and filled out activity, food, and pesticide use diaries over a 24-h sampling period. Urine voids (n = 326) were analyzed for 3-PBA concentrations using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. 3-PBA was detected in 98% of the 24-h composited urine samples. The geometric mean urinary 3-PBA level was 1.68 ng/mL in adults. Time spent outside (p = 0.0006) was a highly significant predictor of natural log-transformed (ln) urinary 3-PBA levels, while consumption of coffee (p = 0.007) and breads (p = 0.019) and ln creatinine levels (p = 0.037) were significant predictors of urinary 3-PBA levels. In conclusion, we identified specific factors that substantially increased adult exposures to pyrethroids in their everyday environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha Morgan
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Paul Jones
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Jon Sobus
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Abstract
In environmental epidemiology, use of biomonitoring (i.e., trace-level measurement of environmental chemicals or their metabolites in biospecimens) for exposure assessment has increased considerably in past decades. Although exposure biomarkers should reflect a person's exposure to the target chemicals (or their precursors) within a specific timeframe, timing, duration, and intensity of exposures are normally unknown and likely vary within the study period. Therefore, evaluating exposure beyond a single time point may require collecting more than one biospecimen. Of note, collection and sample processing procedures will impact integrity and usefulness of biospecimens. All of the above factors are fundamental to properly interpret biomonitoring data. We will discuss the relevance of the exposure assessment study protocol design to (a) ensure that biomonitoring specimens reflect the intended exposure, (b) consider the temporal variability of concentrations of the target biomarkers, and
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia M Calafat
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS F17, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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49
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Morgan MK, Sobus JR, Barr DB, Croghan CW, Chen FL, Walker R, Alston L, Andersen E, Clifton MS. Temporal variability of pyrethroid metabolite levels in bedtime, morning, and 24-h urine samples for 50 adults in North Carolina. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 144:81-91. [PMID: 26584066 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used to control insects in both agricultural and residential settings worldwide. Few data are available on the temporal variability of pyrethroid metabolites in the urine of non-occupationally exposed adults. In this work, we describe the study design and sampling methodology for the Pilot Study to Estimate Human Exposures to Pyrethroids using an Exposure Reconstruction Approach (Ex-R study). Two major objectives were to quantify the concentrations of several pyrethroid metabolites in bedtime, first morning void (FMV), and 24-h urine samples as concentration (wet weight), specific-gravity (SG) corrected, creatinine (CR) corrected, and excretion rate values for 50 Ex-R adults over a six-week monitoring period and to determine if these correction approaches for urine dilution reduced the variability of the biomarker levels. The Ex-R study was conducted at the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Human Studies Facility in Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA and at participants' homes within a 40-mile radius of this facility. Recruitment of participants and field activities occurred between October 2009 and May 2011. Participants, ages 19-50 years old, provided daily food, activity, and pesticide-use diaries and collected their own urine samples (bedtime, FMV, and 24-h) during weeks 1, 2, and 6 of a six-week monitoring period. A total of 2503 urine samples were collected from the study participants. These samples were analyzed for the pyrethroid metabolites 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), cis/trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane carboxylic acid (cis/trans-DCCA), and 2-methyl-3-phenylbenzoic acid (MPA) using high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Only 3-PBA was frequently detected (>50%) in the adult urine samples. Median urinary 3-PBA levels were 0.88 ng/mL, 0.96 ng/mL-SG, 1.04 ng/mg, and 1.04 ng/min for concentration, SG-corrected, CR-corrected, and excretion rate values, respectively, across all urine samples. The results showed that median urinary 3-PBA concentrations were consistently the lowest in FMV samples (0.77 ng/mL, 0.68 ng/mL-SG, 0.68 ng/mg, and 0.58 ng/min) and the highest in 24-h samples (0.92 ng/mL, 1.06 ng/mL-SG, 1.18 ng/mg, and 1.19 ng/min) across all four methods. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) estimates for 3-PBA indicated poor reproducibility (<0.22) for all urine sample types and methods over a day, week, and six weeks. Correcting for urine sample dilution, based on either SG, CR or urine output, introduced additional measurement variability both between- and within-individuals. These results indicate that a single measure of urinary 3-PBA was not sufficient to characterize average exposure regardless of sample type, correction method, and time frame of collection. In addition, the study results can be used to inform the design of exposure characterization strategies in relevant environmental epidemiology studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha K Morgan
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Jon R Sobus
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carry W Croghan
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Fu-Lin Chen
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Richard Walker
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Lillian Alston
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Erik Andersen
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Matthew S Clifton
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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50
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Wang B, Tang C, Wang H, Zhou W, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Jiang Q. Influence of body mass index status on urinary creatinine and specific gravity for epidemiological study of children. Eur J Pediatr 2015; 174:1481-9. [PMID: 25956275 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-015-2558-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In epidemiological studies, urinary biomonitoring is a valid approach to assess the association between environmental chemical exposure and children's health. Many clinical biomarkers (e.g., endogenous metabolites) are also based on analysis of urine. Considering the variability in urinary output, urinary concentrations of chemicals are commonly adjusted by creatinine and specific gravity (SG). However, there is a lack of systematic evaluation of their appropriateness for children. Furthermore, urinary SG and creatinine excretion could be influenced by body mass index (BMI), but the effect of BMI status on the two correction factors is unknown. We measured SG and creatinine concentrations of repeated first morning urine samples collected from 243 primary school children (8-11 years) over 5 consecutive weekdays. Urinary SG presented a higher temporal consistency compared with creatinine. Urinary SG was associated with sex (p < 0.001), whereas sex (p =0.034) and BMI (p = 00.008) were associated with urinary creatinine levels. Inter-day collection time was not associated with SG or creatinine after excluding the effect of Monday as a confounder. When stratified by BMI status, none of the factors were associated with creatinine among the overweight and obese children. CONCLUSION Generally, SG is preferable for correcting the variability in urinary output for children although creatinine correction may also perform well in overweight and obese children. SG correction is recommended for epidemiological exposure analysis in children based on urinary levels of exogenous or endogenous metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chuanxi Tang
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Changning District, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hexing Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai City, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,, Room 125, Building 8, 130 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Qingwu Jiang
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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