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Louati K, Maalej A, Kolsi F, Kallel R, Gdoura Y, Borni M, Hakim LS, Zribi R, Choura S, Sayadi S, Chamkha M, Mnif B, Khemakhem Z, Boudawara TS, Boudawara MZ, Safta F. Shotgun Proteomic-Based Approach with a Q-Exactive Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometer for Protein Adductomics on a 3D Human Brain Tumor Neurospheroid Culture Model: The Identification of Adduct Formation in Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase-2 and Annexin-A1 Induced by Pesticide Mixture. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:3811-3832. [PMID: 37906427 PMCID: PMC10696604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are increasingly used in combinations in crop protection, resulting in enhanced toxicities for various organisms. Although protein adductomics is challenging, it remains a powerful bioanalytical tool to check environmental exposure and characterize xenobiotic adducts as putative toxicity biomarkers with high accuracy, facilitated by recent advances in proteomic methodologies and a mass spectrometry high-throughput technique. The present study aims to predict the potential neurotoxicity effect of imidacloprid and λ-cyhalothrin insecticides on human neural cells. Our protocol consisted first of 3D in vitro developing neurospheroids derived from human brain tumors and then treatment by pesticide mixture. Furthermore, we adopted a bottom-up proteomic-based approach using nanoflow ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with a high-resolution mass spectrometer for protein-adduct analysis with prediction of altered sites. Two proteins were selected, namely, calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II (CaMK2) and annexin-A1 (ANXA1), as key targets endowed with primordial roles. De novo sequencing revealed several adduct formations in the active site of 82-ANXA1 and 228-CaMK2 as a result of neurotoxicity, predicted by the added mass shifts for the structure of electrophilic precursors. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to adopt a proteomic-based approach to investigate in depth pesticide molecular interactions and their potential to adduct proteins which play a crucial role in the neurotoxicity mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouthar Louati
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Analytics & Galenic Drug
Development-LR12ES09, University of Monastir, Road Avicenne, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Amina Maalej
- Laboratory
of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of
Biotechnology of Sfax, Road of Sidi-Mansour, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Kolsi
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Habib Bourguiba University
Hospital, Road El Ain
km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, Sfax 3089, Tunisia
- Faculty
of Medicine, Avenue of Majida Boulila, University
of sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Rim Kallel
- Laboratory
of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Habib
Bourguiba University Hospital, Road El Ain km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, Sfax 3089, Tunisia
- Faculty
of Medicine, Avenue of Majida Boulila, University
of sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Gdoura
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Habib Bourguiba University
Hospital, Road El Ain
km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, Sfax 3089, Tunisia
- Faculty
of Medicine, Avenue of Majida Boulila, University
of sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Mahdi Borni
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Habib Bourguiba University
Hospital, Road El Ain
km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, Sfax 3089, Tunisia
- Faculty
of Medicine, Avenue of Majida Boulila, University
of sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Leila Sellami Hakim
- Laboratory
of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Habib
Bourguiba University Hospital, Road El Ain km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, Sfax 3089, Tunisia
| | - Rania Zribi
- Higher
Institute of Applied Studies to Humanities of Tunis (ISEAHT), University of Tunis, 11 Road of Jebel Lakdhar, Tunis 1005, Tunisia
| | - Sirine Choura
- Laboratory
of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of
Biotechnology of Sfax, Road of Sidi-Mansour, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Biotechnology
Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Chamkha
- Laboratory
of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of
Biotechnology of Sfax, Road of Sidi-Mansour, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Basma Mnif
- Department
of Bacteriology, Habib Bourguiba University
Hospital, Road El Ain
km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, Sfax 3089, Tunisia
- Faculty
of Medicine, Avenue of Majida Boulila, University
of sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Zouheir Khemakhem
- Legal Medicine
Department, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Road El Ain km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, Sfax 3089, Tunisia
- Faculty
of Medicine, Avenue of Majida Boulila, University
of sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Tahya Sellami Boudawara
- Laboratory
of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Habib
Bourguiba University Hospital, Road El Ain km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, Sfax 3089, Tunisia
- Faculty
of Medicine, Avenue of Majida Boulila, University
of sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Zaher Boudawara
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Habib Bourguiba University
Hospital, Road El Ain
km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, Sfax 3089, Tunisia
- Faculty
of Medicine, Avenue of Majida Boulila, University
of sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Fathi Safta
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Analytics & Galenic Drug
Development-LR12ES09, University of Monastir, Road Avicenne, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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2
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Docea AO, Cirstea AE, Cercelaru L, Drocas AI, Dinca V, Mesnage R, Marginean C, Radu A, Popa DG, Rogoveanu O, Mitrut R, Antoniou MN, Tsatsakis A, Hernández AF, Calina D. Effect of perinatal exposure to glyphosate and its mixture with 2,4-D and dicamba on rat dam kidney and thyroid function and offspring's health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116908. [PMID: 37597833 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of the herbicide mixture of glyphosate, dicamba and 2-4-D to deal with glyphosate-resistant weeds raises concerns regarding human health and environmental risks. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of developmental exposure to glyphosate and a herbicide mixture containing glyphosate, dicamba and 2-4-D on rat dams' kidney and thyroid function and offspring's health. Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed from day-6 of gestation till weaning to regulatory relevant doses of glyphosate corresponding to the European Union (EU) acceptable daily intake (ADI; 0.5 mg/kg bw/day), and the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL; 50 mg/kg bw/day), and to a mixture of glyphosate, dicamba and 2,4-D all at the EU ADI (0.5, 0.002 and 0.3 mg/kg bw/day) respectively. After weaning the dams were sacrificed and blood and organs were collected. The pups' health was assessed by measuring viability, gestational and anogenital indices. Perinatal exposure to GLY alone and the herbicide mixture resulted in anti-androgenic effects in male offspring. In dams, exposure to glyphosate resulted in kidney glomerular and tubular dysfunction as well as increased thyroid hormone levels in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, exposure to the herbicide mixture resulted in effects similar to those observed with glyphosate at the NOAEL, suggesting at least an additive effect of the herbicide mixture at doses individually considered safe for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Andrei Eugen Cirstea
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Liliana Cercelaru
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Andrei Ioan Drocas
- Department of Urology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Viorica Dinca
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Robin Mesnage
- King's College London, Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Cristina Marginean
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Antonia Radu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Dragos George Popa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Otilia Rogoveanu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Radu Mitrut
- Department of Cardiology, University and Emergency Hospital, 050098, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Michael N Antoniou
- King's College London, Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain; Health Research Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
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3
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Karzi V, Ozcagli E, Tzatzarakis MN, Vakonaki E, Fragkiadoulaki I, Kalliantasi A, Chalkiadaki C, Alegakis A, Stivaktakis P, Karzi A, Makrigiannakis A, Docea AO, Calina D, Tsatsakis A. DNA Damage Estimation after Chronic and Combined Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors: An In Vivo Real-Life Risk Simulation Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9989. [PMID: 37373136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chemical substances has always been a matter of concern for the scientific community. During the last few years, researchers have been focusing on studying the effects resulting from combined exposure to different substances. In this study, we aimed to determine the DNA damage caused after chronic and combined exposure to substances characterized as endocrine disruptors using comet and micronuclei assays, specifically glyphosate (pure and commercial form), bisphenol A, parabens (methyl-, propyl- and butylparaben), triclosan and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. The highest mean tail intensity was observed in the group exposed to a high-dose (10 × ADI) mixture of substances (Group 3), with a mean value of 11.97 (11.26-13.90), while statistically significant differences were noticed between the groups exposed to low-dose (1 × ADI) (Group 2) and high-dose (10 × ADI) (Group 3) mixtures of substances (p = 0.003), and between Group 3 and both groups exposed to high doses (10 × ADI) of the pure and commercial forms of glyphosate (Groups 4 (p = 0.014) and 5 (p = 0.007)). The micronuclei assay results were moderately correlated with the exposure period. Group 5 was the most impacted exposure group at all sampling times, with mean MN counts ranging between 28.75 ± 1.71 and 60.75 ± 1.71, followed by Group 3 (18.25 ± 1.50-45.75 ± 1.71), showing that commercial forms of glyphosate additives as well as mixtures of endocrine disruptors can enhance MN formation. All exposure groups showed statistically significant differences in micronuclei counts with an increasing time trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Karzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eren Ozcagli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazıt, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Irene Fragkiadoulaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Christina Chalkiadaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Athanasios Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Aikaterini Karzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Antonios Makrigiannakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medicine School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
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4
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Neuwirth LS, Verrengia MT, Harikinish-Murrary ZI, Orens JE, Lopez OE. Under or Absent Reporting of Light Stimuli in Testing of Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Rodents: The Need for Standardization. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:912146. [PMID: 36061362 PMCID: PMC9428565 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.912146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral neuroscience tests such as the Light/Dark Test, the Open Field Test, the Elevated Plus Maze Test, and the Three Chamber Social Interaction Test have become both essential and widely used behavioral tests for transgenic and pre-clinical models for drug screening and testing. However, as fast as the field has evolved and the contemporaneous involvement of technology, little assessment of the literature has been done to ensure that these behavioral neuroscience tests that are crucial to pre-clinical testing have well-controlled ethological motivation by the use of lighting (i.e., Lux). In the present review paper, N = 420 manuscripts were examined from 2015 to 2019 as a sample set (i.e., n = ~20–22 publications per year) and it was found that only a meager n = 50 publications (i.e., 11.9% of the publications sampled) met the criteria for proper anxiogenic and anxiolytic Lux reported. These findings illustrate a serious concern that behavioral neuroscience papers are not being vetted properly at the journal review level and are being released into the literature and public domain making it difficult to assess the quality of the science being reported. This creates a real need for standardizing the use of Lux in all publications on behavioral neuroscience techniques within the field to ensure that contributions are meaningful, avoid unnecessary duplication, and ultimately would serve to create a more efficient process within the pre-clinical screening/testing for drugs that serve as anxiolytic compounds that would prove more useful than what prior decades of work have produced. It is suggested that improving the standardization of the use and reporting of Lux in behavioral neuroscience tests and the standardization of peer-review processes overseeing the proper documentation of these methodological approaches in manuscripts could serve to advance pre-clinical testing for effective anxiolytic drugs. This report serves to highlight this concern and proposes strategies to proactively remedy them as the field moves forward for decades to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz S. Neuwirth
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Lorenz S. Neuwirth
| | - Michael T. Verrengia
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Zachary I. Harikinish-Murrary
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Jessica E. Orens
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Oscar E. Lopez
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
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5
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Elcombe CS, Evans NP, Bellingham M. Critical review and analysis of literature on low dose exposure to chemical mixtures in mammalian in vivo systems. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:221-238. [PMID: 35894754 PMCID: PMC9530410 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2091423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic chemicals are ubiquitous throughout the environment. Consequentially, humans are exposed to hundreds of anthropogenic chemicals daily. Current chemical risk assessments are primarily based on testing individual chemicals in rodents at doses that are orders of magnitude higher than that of human exposure. The potential risk from exposure to mixtures of chemicals is calculated using mathematical models of mixture toxicity based on these analyses. These calculations, however, do not account for synergistic or antagonistic interactions between co-exposed chemicals. While proven examples of chemical synergy in mixtures at low doses are rare, there is increasing evidence that, through non-conformance to current mixture toxicity models, suggests synergy. This review examined the published studies that have investigated exposure to mixtures of chemicals at low doses in mammalian in vivo systems. Only seven identified studies were sufficient in design to directly examine the appropriateness of current mixture toxicity models, of which three showed responses significantly greater than additivity model predictions. While the remaining identified studies were unable to provide evidence of synergistic toxicity, it became apparent that many results of such studies were not always explicable by current mixture toxicity models. Additionally, two data gaps were identified. Firstly, there is a lack of studies where individual chemical components of a complex mixture (>10 components) are tested in parallel to the chemical mixture. Secondly, there is a lack of dose-response data for mixtures of chemicals at low doses. Such data is essential to address the appropriateness and validity of future chemical mixture toxicity models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris S Elcombe
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Neil P Evans
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michelle Bellingham
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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6
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Agathokleous E, Barceló D, Rinklebe J, Sonne C, Calabrese EJ, Koike T. Hormesis induced by silver iodide, hydrocarbons, microplastics, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals: Implications for agroforestry ecosystems health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153116. [PMID: 35063521 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing amounts of silver iodide (AgI) in the environment are expected because of the recent massive expansion of weather modification programs. Concurrently, pharmaceuticals, microplastics, hydrocarbons, and pesticides in terrestrial ecosystems continue contaminating forests and agroforests. Our review supports that AgI induces hormesis, a biphasic dose response characterized by often beneficial low-dose responses and toxic high-dose effects, which adds to the evidence for pharmaceuticals, microplastics, hydrocarbons, and pesticides induced hormesis in numerous species. Doses smaller than the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) positively affect defense physiology, growth, biomass, yields, survival, lifespan, and reproduction. They also lead to negative or undesirable outcomes, including stimulation of pathogenic microbes, pest insects, and weeds with enhanced resistance to drugs and potential negative multi- or trans-generational effects. Such sub-NOAEL effects perplex terrestrial ecosystems managements and may compromise combating outbreaks of disease vectors that can threaten not only forest and agroforestry health but also sensitive human subpopulations living in remote forested areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Ningliu Rd. 219, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research, ICRA-CERCA, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Arctic Research Center (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Takayoshi Koike
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Hokkaido, Japan
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7
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Yeni Y, Cakir Z, Hacimuftuoglu A, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A, Okkay U, Genc S, Yildirim S, Saglam YS, Calina D, Tsatsakis A, Docea AO. A Selective Histamine H4 Receptor Antagonist, JNJ7777120, Role on Glutamate Transporter Activity in Chronic Depression. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020246. [PMID: 35207733 PMCID: PMC8880293 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate release and reuptake play a key role in the pathophysiology of depression. glutamatergic nerves in the hippocampus region are modulated by histaminergic afferents. Excessive accumulation of glutamate in the synaptic area causes degeneration of neuron cells. The H4 receptor is defined as the main immune system histamine receptor with a pro-inflammatory role. To understand the role of this receptor, the drug JNJ7777120 was used to reveal the chronic depression-glutamate relationship. We have important findings showing that the H4 antagonist increases the glutamate transporters’ instantaneous activity. In our experiment, it has been shown that blocking the H4 receptor leads to increased neuron cell viability and improvement in behavioral ability due to glutamate. Therefore, JNJ can be used to prevent neurotoxicity, inhibit membrane phospholipase activation and free radical formation, and minimize membrane disruption. In line with our findings, results have been obtained that indicate that JNJ will contribute to the effective prevention and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesim Yeni
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (Y.Y.); (U.O.); (S.G.)
| | - Zeynep Cakir
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (A.H.); (A.T.); (D.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (Y.Y.); (U.O.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (A.H.); (A.T.); (D.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Ali Taghizadehghalehjoughi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (A.H.); (A.T.); (D.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Ufuk Okkay
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (Y.Y.); (U.O.); (S.G.)
| | - Sidika Genc
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (Y.Y.); (U.O.); (S.G.)
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (S.Y.); (Y.S.S.)
| | - Yavuz Selim Saglam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (S.Y.); (Y.S.S.)
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (A.H.); (A.T.); (D.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Analytical and Forensic Medical Toxicology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (A.H.); (A.T.); (D.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
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8
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Skaperda Z, Tekos F, Vardakas P, Nepka C, Kouretas D. Reconceptualization of Hormetic Responses in the Frame of Redox Toxicology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010049. [PMID: 35008472 PMCID: PMC8744777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular adaptive mechanisms emerging after exposure to low levels of toxic agents or stressful stimuli comprise an important biological feature that has gained considerable scientific interest. Investigations of low-dose exposures to diverse chemical compounds signify the non-linear mode of action in the exposed cell or organism at such dose levels in contrast to the classic detrimental effects induced at higher ones, a phenomenon usually referred to as hormesis. The resulting phenotype is a beneficial effect that tests our physiology within the limits of our homeostatic adaptations. Therefore, doses below the region of adverse responses are of particular interest and are specified as the hormetic gain zone. The manifestation of redox adaptations aiming to prevent from disturbances of redox homeostasis represent an area of particular interest in hormetic responses, observed after exposure not only to stressors but also to compounds of natural origin, such as phytochemicals. Findings from previous studies on several agents demonstrate the heterogeneity of the specific zone in terms of the molecular events occurring. Major factors deeply involved in these biphasic phenomena are the bioactive compound per se, the dose level, the duration of exposure, the cell, tissue or even organ exposed to and, of course, the biomarker examined. In the end, the molecular fate is a complex toxicological event, based on beneficial and detrimental effects, which, however, are poorly understood to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Skaperda
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (Z.S.); (F.T.); (P.V.)
| | - Fotios Tekos
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (Z.S.); (F.T.); (P.V.)
| | - Periklis Vardakas
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (Z.S.); (F.T.); (P.V.)
| | - Charitini Nepka
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41334 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (Z.S.); (F.T.); (P.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2410-565-277; Fax: +30-2410-565-293
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9
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Tsatsakis A, Tyshko NV, Goumenou M, Shestakova SI, Sadykova EO, Zhminchenko VM, Zlatian O, Calina D, Pashorina VA, Nikitin NS, Trebukh MD, Loginova MS, Trushina EN, Mustafina OK, Avrenyeva LI, Guseva GV, Trusov NV, Kravchenko LV, Hernández AF, Docea AO. Detrimental effects of 6 months exposure to very low doses of a mixture of six pesticides associated with chronic vitamin deficiency on rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112188. [PMID: 33836210 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term low-dose effects of exposure to a mixture of 6 pesticide active substances (diquat, imazamox, imazethapyr, tepraloxydin, bentazone, acifluorfen) and to elucidate if chronic vitamin deficiency can influence their toxicity. Two hundred Wistar rats were divided in 4 groups: a vitamin-sufficiency control group, a vitamin-deficiency control group, a vitamin sufficiency test group and a vitamin-deficiency test group. The test groups were treated with the aforementioned pesticides at doses 100 times lower than the corresponding NOAEL. After 6 months, ten rats from each group were sacrificed and a complete evaluation of blood and urine biochemistry, biomarkers of oxidative stress, xenobiotic detoxification enzymes and lysosomal enzymes and organ histopathology was performed. The pesticides mixture and vitamin deficiency determined an increase in alkaline phosphatase levels and urinary calcium levels, abnormal serum lipid profile, and a decrease of total blood proteins levels, red blood cells, haematocrit and haemoglobin. The combination of the two stressors up-regulated CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B1 and GST levels. This study provides a new proof for the need to move forward from single chemical testing to a more complex approach to account for the multitude of stressors that can challenge the setting of real safety levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Nadezhda V Tyshko
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Goumenou
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; General Chemical State Laboratory of Greek Republic, 71202, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Svetlana I Shestakova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - El'vira O Sadykova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentin M Zhminchenko
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ovidiu Zlatian
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Craiova, 200349, Romania.
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Valentina A Pashorina
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolaj S Nikitin
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina D Trebukh
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria S Loginova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eleanora N Trushina
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oksana K Mustafina
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ludmila I Avrenyeva
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina V Guseva
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita V Trusov
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lidiya V Kravchenko
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
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10
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Pikula K, Kirichenko K, Vakhniuk I, Kalantzi OI, Kholodov A, Orlova T, Markina Z, Tsatsakis A, Golokhvast K. Aquatic toxicity of particulate matter emitted by five electroplating processes in two marine microalgae species. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:880-887. [PMID: 33981588 PMCID: PMC8085665 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroplating is a widely used group of industrial processes that make a metal coating on a solid substrate. Our previous research studied the concentrations, characteristics, and chemical composition of nano- and microparticles emitted during different electroplating processes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the environmental toxicity of particulate matter obtained from five different electrochemical processes. We collected airborne particle samples formed during aluminum cleaning, aluminum etching, chemical degreasing, nonferrous metals etching, and nickel plating. The toxicity of the particles was evaluated by the standard microalgae growth rate inhibition test. Additionally, we evaluated membrane potential and cell size changes in the microalgae H. akashiwo and P. purpureum exposed to the obtained suspensions of electroplating particles. The findings of this research demonstrate that the aquatic toxicity of electroplating emissions significantly varies between different industrial processes and mostly depends on particle chemical composition and solubility rather than the number of insoluble particles. The sample from an aluminum cleaning workshop was significantly more toxic for both microalgae species compared to the other samples and demonstrated dose and time-dependent toxicity. The samples obtained during chemical degreasing and nonferrous metals etching processes induced depolarization of microalgal cell membranes, demonstrated the potential of chronic toxicity, and stimulated the growth rate of microalgae after 72 h of exposure. Moreover, the sample from a nonferrous metals etching workshop revealed hormetic dose-response toxicity in H. akashiwo, which can lead to harmful algal blooms in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Pikula
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Saint-Petersburg, 190000, Russia
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690922, Russia
| | - Konstantin Kirichenko
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690922, Russia
- Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, SFSCA RAS, 630501, Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region, Russia
| | - Igor Vakhniuk
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690922, Russia
- Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, SFSCA RAS, 630501, Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region, Russia
| | | | - Aleksei Kholodov
- Far East Geological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Tatiana Orlova
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Zhanna Markina
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Analytical and Forensic Medical Toxicology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill Golokhvast
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Saint-Petersburg, 190000, Russia
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690922, Russia
- Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, SFSCA RAS, 630501, Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region, Russia
- Pacific Geographical Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russia
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11
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The Use of the Adaptation Potential Reduction Model for Reproductive Toxicity Research In Vivo. J Toxicol 2020; 2020:8834630. [PMID: 33293951 PMCID: PMC7700044 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8834630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The modeling of adaptation potential decrease in rats due to modification of the diet's vitamin–mineral composition allows to increase animals' sensitivity to toxic load in reprotoxicological experiments. The threshold values of vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B6 and mineral substances Fe3+ and Mg2+ in the diet, which lead to a considerable reduction of laboratory animals' adaptation potential, have been determined as 19% (from the basic level in the diet) for males and 18% for females. The efficiency of this model has been confirmed in a reprotoxicological experiment with glyphosate as a toxic factor: the action of the toxic factor against the background of reduced availability of B vitamins and salts Fe3+ and Mg2+ led to significant changes in such indicators of reproductive function as mating efficiency, postimplantation loss, and the total number of alive pups, while the toxic effect of glyphosate was not so pronounced against the normal level of essential substances. The obtained results prove that this adaptation potential reduction model can be recommended for the research of the low-toxicity objects reproductive toxicity in rats and for the safety assessment of novel food, in particular.
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12
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Hormesis and Ginkgo biloba (GB): Numerous biological effects of GB are mediated via hormesis. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101019. [PMID: 31931153 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba (GB) extracts have been shown to commonly induce biphasic dose responses in a range of cell types and endpoints (e.g., cochlea neural stem cells, cell viability, cell proliferation). The magnitude and width of the low dose stimulation of these biphasic dose responses are similar to those reported for hormetic dose responses. These hormetic dose responses occur within direct stimulatory responses as well as in preconditioning experimental protocols, displaying acquired resistance within an adaptive homeodynamic and temporal framework and repeated measurement protocols. The demonstrated GB dose responses further reflect the general occurrence of hormetic dose responses that consistently appear to be independent of the biological model, endpoint, inducing agent, and/or mechanism. These findings have important implications for consideration(s) of study designs involving dose selection, dose spacing, sample size, and statistical power. This illustrates and strengthens the need to characterize the low dose stimulatory response range and optimal dose in order to explore potential public health and clinical applications of plant-derived agents, such as GB.
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13
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Aloizou AM, Siokas V, Sapouni EM, Sita N, Liampas I, Brotis AG, Rakitskii VN, Burykina TI, Aschner M, Bogdanos DP, Tsatsakis A, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Dardiotis E. Parkinson's disease and pesticides: Are microRNAs the missing link? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140591. [PMID: 32721662 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that leads to significant morbidity and decline in the quality of life. It develops due to loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and among its pathogenic factors oxidative stress plays a critical role in disease progression. Pesticides are a broad class of chemicals widely used in agriculture and households for the protection of crops from insects and fungi. Several of them have been incriminated as risk factors for PD, but the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that play an important role in regulating mRNA translation and protein synthesis. miRNA levels have been shown to be affected in several diseases as well. Since the studies on the association between pesticides and PD have yet to reach definitive conclusions, here we review recent evidence on deregulated microRNAs upon pesticide exposure, and attempt to find an overlap between miRNAs deregulated in PD and pesticides, as a missing link between the two, and enhance future research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina-Maria Aloizou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Efstathia-Maria Sapouni
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Sita
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Liampas
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Alexandros G Brotis
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Valerii N Rakitskii
- The Federal Budgetary Establishment of Science "Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F. F. Erisman" of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 2 Semashko street, Mytishchi, Moscow Oblast' 141014, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana I Burykina
- Department of Analytical and Forensic Medical Toxicology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Michael Aschner
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Dimitrios P Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and clinical Immunology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis 40500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- The Federal Budgetary Establishment of Science "Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F. F. Erisman" of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 2 Semashko street, Mytishchi, Moscow Oblast' 141014, Russian Federation; Department of Analytical and Forensic Medical Toxicology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Georgios M Hadjigeorgiou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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14
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Heavy metal and pesticide levels in dairy products: Evaluation of human health risk. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111844. [PMID: 33152470 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cattle milk's health benefits can be compromised by the presence of contaminants. The levels of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc, and residues of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) were determined in soil, milk and cheese samples collected from cow farms from 3 Romanian areas with industrial and agriculture tradition. A new methodology was applied for the determination of the corrected estimated daily intake (cEDI) corresponding to the aggregate dietary exposure. For the risk assessment, we calculated the source hazard quotient (HQs) for each contaminant and the adversity specific hazard index (HIA). Cadmium, copper, lead and zinc, and the sum of DDT levels in soil samples were below maximum residue levels (MRLs). The MRLs of lead and DDD were exceeded in milk and cheese samples from all the 3 areas. The MRLs of copper and zinc were exceeded in cheese samples from area 2 and 3. HQs >10 for lead indicates increased risk, while HQ > 1 for copper and sum of DDT indicates moderate risk for both milk and cheese. By calculating the HIA, we identified a moderate and increase risk for nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, hematotoxicity, cardiotoxicity and reproduction toxicity after consumption of the dairy products from the 3 areas.
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15
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Doğanlar O, Doğanlar ZB, Kurtdere AK, Chasan T, Ok ES. Chronic exposure of human glioblastoma tumors to low concentrations of a pesticide mixture induced multidrug resistance against chemotherapy agents. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110940. [PMID: 32800223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that chronic, low-dose exposure to mixtures of pesticides can cause adverse responses in a variety of cells, tissues and organs, although interactions between pesticides circulating in the blood and cancer cells remain largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of a mixture of four pesticides to induce multidrug resistance against the chemotherapeutic agents cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and temozolomide in the human U87 glioblastoma cell line, and to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance. We found that the repeated administration of the pesticide mixture (containing the insecticides chlorpyrifos-ethyl and deltamethrin, the fungicide metiram, and the herbicide glyphosate) induced a strong drug resistance in U87 cells. The resistance was durable and transferred to subsequent cell generations. In addition, we detected a significant over-expression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) membrane transporters P-gp/ABCB1 and BRCP/ABCG2 as well as a glutathione-S-transferase (GST)/M1-type cellular detoxification function, known to have important roles in multidrug resistance, thus providing molecular support for the acquired multidrug resistance phenotype and shedding light on the mechanism of resistance. We further determined that there was lower mortality in the resistant brain tumor cells and that the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was activated at a lower rate after chemotherapy compared to non-resistant control cells. In addition, multidrug-resistant cells were found to have both higher motility and wound-healing properties, suggesting a greater metastatic potential. Our results suggest that the investigation of P-gp, BRCP and GST/M1 multidrug resistance gene expression and/or protein levels in biopsy specimens of brain tumor patients who were at risk of pesticide exposure could be beneficial in determining chemotherapy dose and prolonging patient survival.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cisplatin
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Glioblastoma/genetics
- Glioblastoma/pathology
- Humans
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/pharmacology
- Pesticides/toxicity
- Toxicity Tests, Chronic
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Affiliation(s)
- Oğuzhan Doğanlar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey.
| | - Zeynep Banu Doğanlar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Kardelen Kurtdere
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey
| | - Tourkian Chasan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey
| | - Esma Seben Ok
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey
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16
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Kostoff RN, Briggs MB, Porter AL, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis A. [Comment] COVID‑19 vaccine safety. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1599-1602. [PMID: 33000193 PMCID: PMC7521561 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, and the resulting COVID-19 pandemic, a global competition to develop an anti-COVID-19 vaccine has ensued. The targeted time frame for initial vaccine deployment is late 2020. The present article examines whether short-term, mid-term, and long-term vaccine safety can be achieved under such an accelerated schedule, given the myriad vaccine-induced mechanisms that have demonstrated adverse effects based on previous clinical trials and laboratory research. It presents scientific evidence of potential pitfalls associated with eliminating critical phase II and III clinical trials, and concludes that there is no substitute currently available for long-term human clinical trials to ensure long-term human safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald N Kostoff
- School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Gainesville, VA 20155, USA
| | | | - Alan L Porter
- School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
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17
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Minigalieva IA, Shtin TN, Makeyev OH, Panov VG, Privalova LI, Gurvic VB, Sutunkova MP, Bushueva TV, Sakhautdinova RR, Klinova SV, Solovyeva SN, Chernyshov IN, Shuman EA, Korotkov AA, Katsnelson BA. Some outcomes and a hypothetical mechanism of combined lead and benzo(a)pyrene intoxication, and its alleviation with a complex of bioprotectors. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:986-994. [PMID: 32874921 PMCID: PMC7451791 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rats were injected repeatedly intraperitoneally with lead acetate and/or benzo(а)pyrene solutions in various dose ratios. Under combined exposure the organism load with benzo(а)pyrene was increased while that with its metabolites reduced. The genotoxic effect of the combined exposure was higher than that of benzo(a)pyrene alone. This effect was inhibited by a complex of antitoxic bioprotectors.
Rats were exposed 3 times a week during 6 weeks to repeated intraperitoneal injections of lead acetate solution in water (Pb) and/or benzo(а)pyrene solution in petrolatum oil (B(а)P) in various dose ratios. Towards the end of the period, the animals developed a moderate subchronic intoxication having some features characteristic of lead effects. The type of combined toxicity estimated with the help of isoboles constructed by the Response Surface Methodology was found to be varied depending on a particular effect, its level, and dose ratio. However, Pb and B(a)P in combination often displayed an additive or even superadditive action. In the group exposed to this combination compared with the group of rats exposed to B(a)P alone, its concentration in the organism was increased while the concentration of some B(a)P oxidative metabolism products was reduced. Such inhibition of B(a)P biotransformation, assumingly associated with impaired heme and, thus, cytochrome P450 synthesis induced by lead intoxication, can serve as an explanation for certain enhancement of the genotoxic effect of B(a)P. This effect was not present in the same combined intoxication if a complex of antitoxic bioprotectors was being administered in the background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilzira A Minigalieva
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana N Shtin
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Oleg H Makeyev
- The Ural State Medical University, 620109 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Panov
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia.,The Institute of Industrial Ecology UB of RAS, 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Larisa I Privalova
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir B Gurvic
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Marina P Sutunkova
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Bushueva
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Renata R Sakhautdinova
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Klinova
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana N Solovyeva
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ivan N Chernyshov
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Eugene A Shuman
- The Ural State Medical University, 620109 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | | | - Boris A Katsnelson
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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18
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Analysis of the intricate effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols on inflammatory pathways in health and disease. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 143:111558. [PMID: 32640331 PMCID: PMC7335494 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, arthritis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and various infectious diseases; lately most notably COVID-19 have been in the front line of research worldwide. Although targeting different organs, these pathologies have common biochemical impairments - redox disparity and, prominently, dysregulation of the inflammatory pathways. Research data have shown that diet components like polyphenols, poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), fibres as well as lifestyle (fasting, physical exercise) are important factors influencing signalling pathways with a significant potential to improve metabolic homeostasis and immune cells' functions. In the present manuscript we have reviewed scientific data from recent publications regarding the beneficial cellular and molecular effects induced by dietary plant products, mainly polyphenolic compounds and PUFAs, and summarize the clinical outcomes expected from these types of interventions, in a search for effective long-term approaches to improve the immune system response.
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19
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Hashemzaei M, Mamoulakis C, Tsarouhas K, Georgiadis G, Lazopoulos G, Tsatsakis A, Shojaei Asrami E, Rezaee R. Crocin: A fighter against inflammation and pain. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 143:111521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Ilyushina NA, Egorova OV, Masaltsev GV, Averianova NS, Revazova YA, Rakitskii VN, Goumenou M, Vardavas A, Stivaktakis P, Tsatsakis A. Genotoxicity of mixture of imidacloprid, imazalil and tebuconazole. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1090-1094. [PMID: 32953461 PMCID: PMC7484519 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Imidacloprid, imazalil, tebuconazole were non-genotoxic separately. The mixture of imidacloprid + imazalil + tebuconazole was negative in Ames test. The mixture induced a statistically significant increase in MN-PCEs in bone marrow. The effect observed in vivo is probably mediated by synergism of TGAIs.
Genotoxicity of the mixture of generic pesticides imidacloprid + imazalil + tebuconazole in a ratio of 14.0/1.7/1.0 by weight was assessed using Ames test (Salmonella typhimurium) and micronucleus test in vivo on mammalian bone marrow erythrocytes (CD-1 mice) supporting the data creation for the Real Life Risk Simulation (RLRS) approach. This pesticides’ combination is used in the commercial formulation for seed treatment in advance of or immediately before sowing. Tested pesticides’ technical grade active ingredients (TGAIs) showed no evidence of genotoxicity upon separate treatments. In combination, the three pesticides demonstrated negative results in the Ames test but induced a statistically significant, dose-depended increase in MN-PCEs in mice bone marrow at doses lower than those used separately. The observed effect may be mediated by the synergistic action of the tested TGAIs, their metabolites or impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya A Ilyushina
- The Federal Budgetary Establishment of Science "Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F. F. Erisman" of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 2 Semashko street, Mytishchi, Moscow Region, 141014, Russian Federation
| | - Olga V Egorova
- The Federal Budgetary Establishment of Science "Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F. F. Erisman" of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 2 Semashko street, Mytishchi, Moscow Region, 141014, Russian Federation
| | - Gleb V Masaltsev
- The Federal Budgetary Establishment of Science "Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F. F. Erisman" of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 2 Semashko street, Mytishchi, Moscow Region, 141014, Russian Federation
| | - Nataliya S Averianova
- The Federal Budgetary Establishment of Science "Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F. F. Erisman" of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 2 Semashko street, Mytishchi, Moscow Region, 141014, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia A Revazova
- The Federal Budgetary Establishment of Science "Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F. F. Erisman" of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 2 Semashko street, Mytishchi, Moscow Region, 141014, Russian Federation
| | - Valerii N Rakitskii
- The Federal Budgetary Establishment of Science "Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F. F. Erisman" of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 2 Semashko street, Mytishchi, Moscow Region, 141014, Russian Federation
| | - Marina Goumenou
- Centre of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Alexander Vardavas
- Centre of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Polychronis Stivaktakis
- Centre of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Centre of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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21
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Kostoff RN, Briggs MB, Porter AL, Hernández AF, Abdollahi M, Aschner M, Tsatsakis A. The under-reported role of toxic substance exposures in the COVID-19 pandemic. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111687. [PMID: 32805343 PMCID: PMC7426727 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and previous pandemics have been viewed almost exclusively as virology problems, with toxicology problems mostly being ignored. This perspective is not supported by the evolution of COVID-19, where the impact of real-life exposures to multiple toxic stressors degrading the immune system is followed by the SARS-CoV-2 virus exploiting the degraded immune system to trigger a chain of events ultimately leading to COVID-19. This immune system degradation from multiple toxic stressors (chemical, physical, biological, psychosocial stressors) means that attribution of serious consequences from COVID-19 should be made to the virus-toxic stressors nexus, not to any of the nexus constituents in isolation. The leading toxic stressors (identified in this study as contributing to COVID-19) are pervasive, contributing to myriad chronic diseases as well as immune system degradation. They increase the likelihood for comorbidities and mortality associated with COVID-19. For the short-term, tactical/reactive virology-focused treatments are of higher priority than strategic/proactive toxicology-focused treatments, although both could be implemented in parallel to reinforce each other. However, for long-term pandemic prevention, toxicology-based approaches should be given higher priority than virology-based approaches. Since current COVID-19 treatments globally ignore the toxicology component almost completely, only limited benefits can be expected from these treatments. Toxicology contributions to COVID-19 are mostly ignored relative to virology contributions. Exposure to myriad toxic substances degrades the immune system, whose resulting dysfunction is then exploited by SARS-CoV-2 to result in COVID-19. Attribution of serious consequences from COVID-19 should be made to the virus-toxic stressors combination nexus, not to any of the nexus constituents in isolation. Effective treatments need to address toxicology and virology interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald N Kostoff
- Research Affiliate, School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Gainesville, VA, USA.
| | | | - Alan L Porter
- School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Search Technology, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Toxicolgy and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
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22
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Sergievich AA, Khoroshikh PP, Artemenko AF, Zakharenko AM, Chaika VV, Kodintsev VV, Stroeva OA, Lenda EG, Tsatsakis A, Burykina TI, Agathokleous E, Kostoff RN, Zlatian O, Docea AO, Golokhvast KS. Behavioral impacts of a mixture of six pesticides on rats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 727:138491. [PMID: 32335449 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides can potentially contribute to the development of numerous neurodegenerative diseases. This study evaluates the effects of a six-pesticide mixture at doses around the no-observed-adverse-effectlevels (0 × NOAEL, control) and 0.25, 1 and 5 × NOAEL on behavior of Wistar rats. After 3, 6 and 12 months, rats were observed for neurobehavioral changes using the techniques of elevated plus maze and universal problemchamber, and the experiment was conducted thrice. The 3-month exposure revealed a decrease in the cognitive ability at the dose of 5 × NOAEL, and a dose-dependent research activity and anxiety. The 6-month exposurerevealed non-monotonic effects on the cognitive ability, with a decrease by 0.25 and 5 × NOAEL, as well as non-monotonic effects on anxiety, withan increase by 0.25 and 1 × NOAEL. A decrease was also observed in research activity at 5 × NOAEL. However, the 12-month exposure resulted to an increase in cognitive ability by 0.25 × NOAEL and in anxiety by 1 × NOAEL, as well as to a dose-dependent research activity. Repeating the trial showed that the cognitive ability increased from one trial to another, while the researching activity decreased and the anxiety increased by 0× NOAEL. In the groups exposed to pesticides mixture, the trends were different, showing that the exposure to pesticides combined with repeated trials, also influence the response of the animals. The resultsdemonstrate the occurrence of several dose-dependent behavioral responses, with negative effects occurring at doses that are considered safe. This study provides novel insights about time-dependent mixtures biology, and an important perspective to consider when conducting risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Sergievich
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation; Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Olga A Stroeva
- Center Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Primorsky Territory, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
| | - Elena G Lenda
- Center Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Primorsky Territory, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Greece; Department of Analytical and Forensic Medical Toxicology, Sechenov University, 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Tatyana I Burykina
- Department of Analytical and Forensic Medical Toxicology, Sechenov University, 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Ningliu Rd. 219, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China.
| | | | - Ovidiu Zlatian
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Craiova 200349, Romania
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Craiova 200349, Romania.
| | - Kirill S Golokhvast
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation; Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
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23
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Calabrese EJ, Tsatsakis A, Agathokleous E, Giordano J, Calabrese V. Does Green Tea Induce Hormesis? Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820936170. [PMID: 32728352 PMCID: PMC7364811 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820936170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea, and its principal constituent (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), are commonly shown to induce biphasic concentration/dose responses in a broad range of cell types, including non-tumor cells, and tumor cell lines. The most active area of research dealt with an assessment of neural cells with application to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease cell models, often using preconditioning experimental protocols. The general findings demonstrate EGCG-induced hormetic effects resulting in an enhanced acquired resilience within an adaptive and temporally dependent homeodynamic framework. The biphasic dose responses displayed the typical quantitative features of the hormetic dose response with respect to the amplitude and width of the stimulatory response. These findings provide further evidence for the general occurrence of hormetic dose responses with such responses being independent of the biological model, end point, inducing agent, and mechanism. The biphasic nature of these responses has important implications since it suggests optimal dose ranges for end points of public health and therapeutic applications. These findings indicate the need to assess the entire dose-response continuum in order to better define the nature of the dose response, especially in the low-dose zone where such exposures are common in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill Science Center I, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Crete, Greece
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - James Giordano
- Department of Neurology and Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical Center Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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24
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Skalny AV, Rink L, Ajsuvakova OP, Aschner M, Gritsenko VA, Alekseenko SI, Svistunov AA, Petrakis D, Spandidos DA, Aaseth J, Tsatsakis A, Tinkov AA. Zinc and respiratory tract infections: Perspectives for COVID‑19 (Review). Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:17-26. [PMID: 32319538 PMCID: PMC7255455 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of the emerging COVID‑19 pandemic caused by SARS‑CoV‑2 virus, the search for potential protective and therapeutic antiviral strategies is of particular and urgent interest. Zinc is known to modulate antiviral and antibacterial immunity and regulate inflammatory response. Despite the lack of clinical data, certain indications suggest that modulation of zinc status may be beneficial in COVID‑19. In vitro experiments demonstrate that Zn2+ possesses antiviral activity through inhibition of SARS‑CoV RNA polymerase. This effect may underlie therapeutic efficiency of chloroquine known to act as zinc ionophore. Indirect evidence also indicates that Zn2+ may decrease the activity of angiotensin‑converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), known to be the receptor for SARS‑CoV‑2. Improved antiviral immunity by zinc may also occur through up‑regulation of interferon α production and increasing its antiviral activity. Zinc possesses anti‑inflammatory activity by inhibiting NF‑κB signaling and modulation of regulatory T‑cell functions that may limit the cytokine storm in COVID‑19. Improved Zn status may also reduce the risk of bacterial co‑infection by improving mucociliary clearance and barrier function of the respiratory epithelium, as well as direct antibacterial effects against S. pneumoniae. Zinc status is also tightly associated with risk factors for severe COVID‑19 including ageing, immune deficiency, obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, since these are known risk groups for zinc deficiency. Therefore, Zn may possess protective effect as preventive and adjuvant therapy of COVID‑19 through reducing inflammation, improvement of mucociliary clearance, prevention of ventilator‑induced lung injury, modulation of antiviral and antibacterial immunity. However, further clinical and experimental studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V. Skalny
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow
- Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, D-52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Olga P. Ajsuvakova
- Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 460000 Orenburg, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Viktor A. Gritsenko
- Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 460000 Orenburg
| | - Svetlana I. Alekseenko
- I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, 191015 St. Petersburg
- K.A. Rauhfus Children's City Multidisciplinary Clinical Center for High Medical Technologies, 191000 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Svistunov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow
| | | | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jan Aaseth
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 3159894 Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow
- Center of Toxicology Science and Research
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow
- Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia
- Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 460000 Orenburg
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25
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Chronic Inflammation in the Context of Everyday Life: Dietary Changes as Mitigating Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17114135. [PMID: 32531935 PMCID: PMC7312944 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The lifestyle adopted by most people in Western societies has an important impact on the propensity to metabolic disorders (e.g., diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases). This is often accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation, driven by the activation of various molecular pathways such as STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), IKK (IκB kinase), MMP9 (matrix metallopeptidase 9), MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinases), COX2 (cyclooxigenase 2), and NF-Kβ (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells). Multiple intervention studies have demonstrated that lifestyle changes can lead to reduced inflammation and improved health. This can be linked to the concept of real-life risk simulation, since humans are continuously exposed to dietary factors in small doses and complex combinations (e.g., polyphenols, fibers, polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc.). Inflammation biomarkers improve in patients who consume a certain amount of fiber per day; some even losing weight. Fasting in combination with calorie restriction modulates molecular mechanisms such as m-TOR, FOXO, NRF2, AMPK, and sirtuins, ultimately leads to significantly reduced inflammatory marker levels, as well as improved metabolic markers. Moving toward healthier dietary habits at the individual level and in publicly-funded institutions, such as schools or hospitals, could help improving public health, reducing healthcare costs and improving community resilience to epidemics (such as COVID-19), which predominantly affects individuals with metabolic diseases.
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26
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Kostoff RN, Aschner M, Goumenou M, Tsatsakis A. Setting safer exposure limits for toxic substance combinations. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 140:111346. [PMID: 32334109 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Toxic stimuli (stressors) exposure limits are typically based on single toxic stimuli experiments, but are presently used for both toxic stimuli in isolation and in combination with other toxic stimuli (simultaneous co-exposure or exposures separated in time). In the combination case, typically less of each constituent of the combination is required to cause damage compared to the amount determined from single stressor experiments. Thus, exposure limits based on single toxic stimulus experiments are inadequate for setting limits for stressor combinations. This article presents a recommended simplified approach to improving regulatory exposure limits for toxic stimuli combinations, and a more expansive and expensive alternative to the recommended simplified approach. The recommended approach will partially compensate for the enhanced adverse effects of toxic stimuli combinations relative to adverse effects of toxic stimuli in isolation. The approach covers myriad categories of toxic stimuli reflective of real-life exposures due to lifestyle, iatrogenic, biotoxin, occupational/environmental, and psychosocial/socioeconomic conditions. The proposed approach 1) assumes that all potential toxic stimuli to which an individual might be exposed have the same mechanisms/modes of action on biological mechanisms, and are, thus, indistinguishable by the impacted organism; 2) normalizes the myriad stimuli by converting the doses of toxic stimuli exposures to the respective toxicity reference values (TRV) fractions; 3) sums all the TRVs fractions from these toxic stimuli exposures; and 4) divides all the single substance TRVs by the sum of fractions. While it is an additive approach conceptually, it differs from other additive approaches in the breadth of its inter-category coverage, in order to reflect true inter-category real-life simulation. The newly posited approach does not account for hormetic, antagonistic, or synergistic effects of toxic stimuli in combination. It does not adjust for 1) low-dose toxicants with adverse effects that have been under-reported, or 2) exposure limits like the Occupational Safety and Health Administration - Permissible Exposure Limits (OSHA PELs) that are orders of magnitude above levels shown by published single toxic stimuli studies to have caused adverse effects. Practical considerations for the application of this approach are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald N Kostoff
- Research Affiliate, School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Marina Goumenou
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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27
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Dardiotis E, Aloizou AM, Sakalakis E, Siokas V, Koureas M, Xiromerisiou G, Petinaki E, Wilks M, Tsatsakis A, Hadjichristodoulou C, Stefanis L, Hadjigeorgiou GM. Organochlorine pesticide levels in Greek patients with Parkinson's disease. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:596-601. [PMID: 32426240 PMCID: PMC7225589 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease, mostly presenting with characteristic motor symptoms. Organochlorines (OC) are a class of widely-used pesticides that have been included among the list of environmental factors incriminated in PD pathogenesis. However, most studies reporting this association are based on questionnaires, and few have reported exposure data. Aim To examine the relationship between OC blood concentrations and PD risk. Methods In the present study, we studied the concentrations of 8 OC compounds (hexachlorobenzene, heptachlor, hepachlor epoxide, c-chlordane, a-chlordane, p,p’-DDE, DDD, DDT) in 104 Greek PD patients and 110 healthy controls. Results All substances studied were present in at least one sample. The most frequently detected (above the level of quantification) pesticides were p,p’-DDE (n = 214, 100 % of both groups) and hexachlorobenzene, HCB (n = 189, cases 46.5 %, controls 53.5 %). Higher levels of DDE were detected among PD patients in comparison to controls by using logistic regression analysis to control for confounders [Odds Ratio, OR (95 % confidence interval, C.I.)]: 2.592,(1.29–5.21)], whilst lower levels of HCB were detect among PD patients [OR,95 %CI:0.176(0.09−0.35)]. Conclusions Our data suggest that exposure to specific OCs is related to the risk of PD. Further studies, using real exposure data, are needed in order to confirm and extend these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Athina-Maria Aloizou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Evagelos Sakalakis
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Michalis Koureas
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 22 Papakyriazi Street, 41222, Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgia Xiromerisiou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthymia Petinaki
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Martin Wilks
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, University of Basel, CH‑4055, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Christos Hadjichristodoulou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 22 Papakyriazi Street, 41222, Larissa, Greece
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- 1stDepartment of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, 72-74 Vas.Sophias Ave, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios M Hadjigeorgiou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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28
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Pregnant rats exposed to low-level methylmercury exhibit cerebellar synaptic and neuritic remodeling during the perinatal period. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1335-1347. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02696-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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29
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Pesticides, cognitive functions and dementia: A review. Toxicol Lett 2020; 326:31-51. [PMID: 32145396 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely-used chemicals commonly applied in agriculture for the protection of crops from pests. Depending on the class of pesticides, the specific substances may have a specific set of adverse effects on humans, especially in cases of acute poisoning. In past years, evidence regarding sequelae of chronic, low-level exposure has been accumulating. Cognitive impairment and dementia heavily affect a person's quality of life and scientific data has been hinting towards an association between them and antecedent chronic pesticide exposure. Here, we reviewed animal and human studies exploring the association between pesticide exposure, cognition and dementia. Additionally, we present potential mechanisms through which pesticides may act neurotoxically and lead to neurodegeneration. Study designs rarely presented homogeneity and the estimation of the exposure to pesticides has been most frequently performed without measuring the synergic effects and the possible interactions between the toxicants within mixtures, and also overlooking low exposures to environmental toxicants. It is possible that a Real-Life Risk Simulation approach would represent a robust alternative for future studies, so that the safe exposure limits and the net risk that pesticides confer to impaired cognitive function can be examined. Previous studies that evaluated the effect of low dose chronic exposure to mixtures of pesticides and other chemicals intending to simulate real life exposure scenarios showed that hormetic neurobehavioral effects can appear after mixture exposure at doses considered safe for individual compounds and these effects can be exacerbated by a coexistence with specific conditions such as vitamin deficiency. However, there is an overall indication, derived from both epidemiologic and laboratory evidence, supporting an association between exposure to neurotoxic pesticides and cognitive dysfunction, dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
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Approaching reactive species in the frame of their clinical significance: A toxicological appraisal. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 138:111206. [PMID: 32113950 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Redox biology and toxicology are interrelated fields that have produced valuable evidence regarding the role and clinical significance of reactive species. These issues are analyzed herein by presenting 6 arguments, as follows: Argument 1: There is no direct connection of redox-related pathologies with specific reactive species; Argument 2: The measurement of reactive species concentration is a major challenge due to their very short half lives; Argument 3: There is an interplay between reactive species generation and fundamental biological processes, such as energy metabolism; Argument 4: Reactive species exert beneficial biological action; Argument 5: Reactive species follow the hormesis phenomenon; Argument 6: Oxidative modifications of redox-related molecules are not necessarily interpreted as oxidative damage. We conclude that reactive species do not seem to exert clinical significance, which means that they lack a measurable cause-effect relation with chronic diseases. Unpredictable results could, nevertheless, arise through novel experimental setups applied in the field of toxicology. These are related to the real-life exposure scenario via the regimen of long-term low-dose (far below NOAEL) exposure to mixtures of xenobiotics and can potentially offer perspectives in order to investigate in depth whether or not reactive species can be introduced as clinically significant redox biomarkers.
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31
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Kostoff RN, Heroux P, Aschner M, Tsatsakis A. Adverse health effects of 5G mobile networking technology under real-life conditions. Toxicol Lett 2020; 323:35-40. [PMID: 31991167 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This article identifies adverse effects of non-ionizing non-visible radiation (hereafter called wireless radiation) reported in the premier biomedical literature. It emphasizes that most of the laboratory experiments conducted to date are not designed to identify the more severe adverse effects reflective of the real-life operating environment in which wireless radiation systems operate. Many experiments do not include pulsing and modulation of the carrier signal. The vast majority do not account for synergistic adverse effects of other toxic stimuli (such as chemical and biological) acting in concert with the wireless radiation. This article also presents evidence that the nascent 5G mobile networking technology will affect not only the skin and eyes, as commonly believed, but will have adverse systemic effects as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald N Kostoff
- Research Affiliate, School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia, United States.
| | - Paul Heroux
- Toxicology and Health Effects of Electromagnetism, McGill University, Canada
| | - Michael Aschner
- Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Center of Toxicology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, United States
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Department of Analytical, Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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Application of novel technologies and mechanistic data for risk assessment under the real-life risk simulation (RLRS) approach. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 137:111123. [PMID: 31926207 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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