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Yuan Y, Wang H, Sun Z, Yu C. Research on the Design and Performance of Plant Volatile Organic Compounds Water Removal Device Based on Optimized Filler Ratio. Methods Protoc 2024; 7:59. [PMID: 39195437 DOI: 10.3390/mps7040059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the development and optimization of a water removal device for biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from plant emissions. BVOCs play a crucial role in various ecological processes and have potential therapeutic effects on human health. However, it is challenging to accurately detect and analyze BVOCs due to their very low concentrations and interference by water vapor. This study systematically evaluates different filler materials and ratios to alleviate water vapor interference while maintaining BVOCs' integrity. The experimental results demonstrate that the combination of MgSO4 + Na2SO4 mixed filling and CuSO4 layered filling in a 3:3:1 ratio can effectively improve the collection efficiency and detection accuracy of BVOCs. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of the device in improving the detection of volatile compounds in plant samples is also confirmed by the VOC verification experiments on Michelia maudiae and Cinnamomum camphora tree species after mechanical damage. The experimental results show that the device is effective in improving the detection of volatile compounds in plant samples. The findings provide a powerful technical means for exploring the role of BVOCs in environmental monitoring and scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Yuan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Huasen Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- College of Agriculture and Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Cui B, Xian C, Han B, Shu C, Qian Y, Ouyang Z, Wang X. High-resolution emission inventory of biogenic volatile organic compounds for rapidly urbanizing areas: A case of Shenzhen megacity, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119754. [PMID: 38071916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The effects of volatile organic compounds on urban air quality and the ozone have been widely acknowledged, and the contributions of relevant biogenic sources are currently receiving rising attentions. However, inventories of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are in fact limited for the environmental management of megacities. In this study, we provided an estimation of BVOC emissions and their spatial characteristics in a typical urbanized area, Shenzhen megacity, China, based on an in-depth vegetation investigation and using remote sensing data. The total BVOC emission in Shenzhen in 2019 was estimated to be 3.84 × 109 g C, of which isoprene contributed to about 24.4%, monoterpenes about 44.4%, sesquiterpenes about 1.9%, and other VOCs (OVOCs) about 29.3%. Metropolitan BVOC emissions exhibited a seasonal pattern with a peak in July and a decline in January. They were mainly derived from the less built-up areas (88.9% of BVOC emissions). Estimated BVOCs comprised around 5.2% of the total municipal VOC emissions in 2019. This percentage may increase as more green spaces emerge and anthropogenic emissions decrease in built-up areas. Furthermore, synergistic effects existed between BVOC emissions and relevant vegetation-based ecosystem services (e.g., air purification, carbon fixation). Greening during urban sprawl should be based on a trade-off between BVOC emissions and ecosystem benefits of urban green spaces. The results suggested that urban greening in Shenzhen, and like other cities as well, need to account for BVOC contributions to ozone. Meanwhile, greening cites should adopt proactive environmental management by using plant species with low BVOC emissions to maintain urban ecosystem services while avoid further degradation to ozone pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chaofan Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Megaregion National Observation and Research Station for Eco-Environmental Change, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Baolong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Chengji Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuguo Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhiyun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Megaregion National Observation and Research Station for Eco-Environmental Change, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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Massaro E, Schifanella R, Piccardo M, Caporaso L, Taubenböck H, Cescatti A, Duveiller G. Spatially-optimized urban greening for reduction of population exposure to land surface temperature extremes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2903. [PMID: 37217522 PMCID: PMC10203342 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38596-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The population experiencing high temperatures in cities is rising due to anthropogenic climate change, settlement expansion, and population growth. Yet, efficient tools to evaluate potential intervention strategies to reduce population exposure to Land Surface Temperature (LST) extremes are still lacking. Here, we implement a spatial regression model based on remote sensing data that is able to assess the population exposure to LST extremes in urban environments across 200 cities based on surface properties like vegetation cover and distance to water bodies. We define exposure as the number of days per year where LST exceeds a given threshold multiplied by the total urban population exposed, in person ⋅ day. Our findings reveal that urban vegetation plays a considerable role in decreasing the exposure of the urban population to LST extremes. We show that targeting high-exposure areas reduces vegetation needed for the same decrease in exposure compared to uniform treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matteo Piccardo
- Collaborator of the European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Luca Caporaso
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), Rome, Italy
| | - Hannes Taubenböck
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Munich, Germany
- University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Gregory Duveiller
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
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Stringari G, Villanueva J, Rosell-Melé A, Moraleda-Cibrián N, Orsini F, Villalba G, Gabarrell X. Assessment of greenhouse emissions of the green bean through the static enclosure technique. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162319. [PMID: 36801412 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Urban green installations are extensively promoted to increase sustainable and accessible food production and simultaneously improve the environmental performance and liveability of city buildings. In addition to the multiple benefits of plant retrofitting, these installations may lead to a consistent increase in biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in the urban environment, especially indoors. Accordingly, health concerns could limit the implementation of building-integrated agriculture. In a building-integrated rooftop greenhouse (i-RTG), throughout the whole hydroponic cycle, green bean emissions were dynamically collected in a static enclosure. Four representative BVOCs, α-pinene (monoterpene), β-caryophyllene (sesquiterpene), linalool (oxygenated monoterpene) and cis-3-hexenol (LOX derivate), were investigated in the samples collected from two equivalent sections of a static enclosure, one empty and one occupied by the i-RTG plants, to estimate the volatile emission factor (EF). Throughout the season, extremely variable BVOC levels between 0.04 and 5.36 ppb were found with occasional but not significant (P > 0.05) variations between the two sections. The highest emission rates were observed during plant vegetative development, with EFs equivalent to 78.97, 75.85 and 51.34 ng g-1 h-1 for cis-3-hexenol, α-pinene, and linalool, respectively; at plant maturity, all volatiles were either close to the LLOQ (lowest limit of quantitation) or not detected. Consistent with previous studies significant relationships (r ≥ 0.92; P < 0.05) were individuated within volatiles and temperature and relative humidity of the sections. However, correlations were all negative and were mainly attributed to the relevant effect of the enclosure on the final sampling conditions. Overall, levels found were at least 15 folds lower than the given Risk and LCI values of the EU-LCI protocol for indoor environments, suggesting low BVOC exposure in the i-RTG. Statistical outcomes demonstrated the applicability of the static enclosure technique for fast BVOC emissions survey inside green retrofitted spaces. However, providing high sampling performance over entire BVOCs collection is recommended to reduce sampling error and incorrect estimation of the emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Stringari
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals ICTA-UAB MdM Unit (CEX2019-0940-M), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joan Villanueva
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals ICTA-UAB MdM Unit (CEX2019-0940-M), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Antoni Rosell-Melé
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals ICTA-UAB MdM Unit (CEX2019-0940-M), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Moraleda-Cibrián
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals ICTA-UAB MdM Unit (CEX2019-0940-M), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Francesco Orsini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gara Villalba
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals ICTA-UAB MdM Unit (CEX2019-0940-M), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain; Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Gabarrell
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals ICTA-UAB MdM Unit (CEX2019-0940-M), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain; Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.
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Szymura TH, Chmolowska D, Szymura M, Zając A, Kassa H. Drivers of systematic bias in alien plant species distribution data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159598. [PMID: 36302406 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Among the main challenges in modelling biological invasion is a lack of valid data on the absence of invasive species. Absence data are important for assessing the reliability of models, but multiple surveys at a location are needed. In practice, omission errors are more frequent than commission errors. We therefore quantified how eliminating potentially biased areas from invasive species distribution models (iSDMs) affected the models' performance, and we assessed how the distribution of biased areas correlated with environmental factors. We hypothesized that for neophytes, the distribution of biased areas corresponds to specific land relief and/or particular landscape and land use, but not the density of roads and urbanized areas. The data on neophytes were obtained from a distribution atlas covering approximately 31,000 km2 in Central Europe overlaid with a 2 × 2 km square grid. One hundred fifty-three species were used for modelling neophyte richness, and negative residuals from the model were assumed to indicate biased squares. Twenty invasive species were used as an independent dataset for testing the effect of excluding the biased squares on iSDM performance. The exclusion of biased squares increased the iSDM performance from an area under the curve value of 0.73 to 0.78. The best results were obtained by excluding 30 % of the squares from the original dataset. The presence of damp sites explained the distribution of biased squares; the density of roads and urbanized areas had no impact. The applied method allows distinguishing biased, plausibly undersampled squares in a species distribution atlas, the exclusion of which significantly improves iSDM performance. The results suggest that the commonly observed low sampling effort in areas distant from communication routes and urbanized areas was not crucial in modelling invasive species distribution, which can be related to smaller neophyte richness in remote areas resulting from low propagule pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz H Szymura
- Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Dominika Chmolowska
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Szymura
- Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 24A, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Adam Zając
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology and Earth Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Kopernika 27, 31-501 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Henok Kassa
- Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland.
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6
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Fang Z, Zhou S, Zhang S, Xing W, Feng X, Yang Q, Zhao F, Liu K, Wang J. Spatial distribution and influencing factors of urban soil organic carbon stocks in Xi'an City, China. Urban Ecosyst 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-022-01316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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7
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Differences in Ecological Traits between Plants Grown In Situ and Ex Situ and Implications for Conservation. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ex situ conservation plays an important role in maintaining global plant biodiversity and protects thousands of wild plants. Plant conservation in botanical gardens is an important part of ex situ conservation; however, little attention has been given to whether plant ecophysiological traits change and whether plant conservation goals are reached following ex situ conservation. In this study, tree and shrub plants were selected from Shanxi, Beijing of China and from Beijing Botanical Garden, and plants with good growth and similar ages were randomly selected to measure their light response curves, CO2 response curves with a portable photosynthesis system (Li-6400XT), relative chlorophyll contents using a chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502) and leaf water potential using a dew point water potential meter (WP4C). In comparison with cultivated plants, wild plants had higher water use efficiencies among all plants considered (by 92–337%) and greater light use efficiencies among some of plants considered (by 107–181%), while light response curves and CO2 response curves for wild plants were either higher or lower compared with cultivated plants. Ecological traits of wild and cultivated plants changed more as a result of habitat factors than due to plant factors. The initial slope of the light response curve, net photosynthetic rate at light saturation, light saturation point, maximum light energy utilization efficiency, maximum water use efficiency, leaf water content, and the leaf water potential of wild plants were larger or equal to those of cultivated plants, while dark respiration rate (by 63–583%) and light compensation point (by 150–607%) of cultivated plants were higher than those of wild plants. This research compared the ecophysiological traits of common green space plants cultivated in botanical gardens and distributed in different areas in wild environments. The response of plant ecophysiological traits to the changing environment has important theoretical and practical significance for wild plant conservation and urban green space system construction.
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Sun Q, Lai L, Zhou J, Liu X, Zheng Y. Ecophysiological Leaf Traits of Forty-Seven Woody Species under Long-Term Acclimation in a Botanical Garden. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11060725. [PMID: 35336607 PMCID: PMC8954897 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ex situ conservation plays an important role in the conservation and utilization of plant resources. In recent years, botanical gardens have greatly improved the ex situ conservation of plants, and research has mainly focused on morphological characteristics, reproduction technology, and conservation value. There are few studies on the ecophysiological traits of plants after conservation. Forty-seven plants that are frequently used in North China and were grown in the Beijing Botanic Garden were selected to measure their photosynthetic traits, light-use efficiency (LUE), water–use efficiency (WUE), specific leaf area (SLA), relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), and leaf water potential (φ). An analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences in the ecophysiological traits of the leaves of 47 woody species. The light saturation point (LSP), net photosynthetic rate at light saturation (Pnmax), φ, and SLA had significant differences among different plant life forms. The SLA and SPAD of leaves were significantly different among the families. The LUE of all species reached its maximum under a low light intensity, and species with a large difference between the light saturation point and light compensation point had larger Pnmax values. This research further adds to the understanding of the adaptation mechanisms of plants to the environment under the conditions of a botanical garden as well as the environmental fitness in a long-term ex situ domestication and then helps with scientifically setting up artificial management conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Q.S.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liming Lai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Q.S.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Jihua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Q.S.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Q.S.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanrun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (Q.S.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Stroud S, Peacock J, Hassall C. Vegetation-based ecosystem service delivery in urban landscapes: a systematic review. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Ma M, Gao Y, Ding A, Su H, Liao H, Wang S, Wang X, Zhao B, Zhang S, Fu P, Guenther AB, Wang M, Li S, Chu B, Yao X, Gao H. Development and Assessment of a High-Resolution Biogenic Emission Inventory from Urban Green Spaces in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:175-184. [PMID: 34898191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions have long been known to play vital roles in modulating the formation of ozone and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). While early studies have evaluated their impact globally or regionally, the BVOC emissions emitted from urban green spaces (denoted as U-BVOC emissions) have been largely ignored primarily due to the failure of low-resolution land cover in resolving such processes, but also because their important contribution to urban BVOCs was previously unrecognized. In this study, by utilizing a recently released high-resolution land cover dataset, we develop the first set of emission inventories of U-BVOCs in China at spatial resolutions as high as 1 km. This new dataset resolved densely distributed U-BVOCs in urban core areas. The U-BVOC emissions in megacities could account for a large fraction of total BVOC emissions, and the good agreement of the interannual variations between the U-BVOC emissions and ozone concentrations over certain regions stresses their potentially crucial role in influencing ozone variations. The newly constructed U-BVOC emission inventory is expected to provide an improved dataset to enable the research community to re-examine the modulation of BVOCs on the formation of ozone, SOA, and atmospheric chemistry in urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchen Ma
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Aijun Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hang Su
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz D-55128, Germany
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Cleaning Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- Laboratory for Ocean Dynamics and Climate, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- International Laboratory for High-Resolution Earth System Model and Prediction (iHESP), Qingdao 266100, China
- Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES), College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Alex B Guenther
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Minghuai Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shenshen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Biwu Chu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Huiwang Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
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11
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Perera PCD, Szymura TH, Zając A, Chmolowska D, Szymura M. Drivers of Solidago species invasion in Central Europe-Case study in the landscape of the Carpathian Mountains and their foreground. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:12429-12444. [PMID: 34594510 PMCID: PMC8462131 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The invasion process is a complex, context-dependent phenomenon; nevertheless, it can be described using the PAB framework. This framework encompasses the joint effect of propagule pressure (P), abiotic characteristics of the environment (A), and biotic characteristics of both the invader and recipient vegetation (B). We analyzed the effectiveness of proxies of PAB factors to explain the spatial pattern of Solidago canadensis and S. gigantea invasion using invasive species distribution models. LOCATION Carpathian Mountains and their foreground, Central Europe. METHODS The data on species presence or absence were from an atlas of neophyte distribution based on a 2 × 2 km grid, covering approximately 31,200 km2 (7,752 grid cells). Proxies of PAB factors, along with data on historical distribution of invaders, were used as explanatory variables in Boosted Regression Trees models to explain the distribution of invasive Solidago. The areas with potentially lower sampling effort were excluded from analysis based on a target species approach. RESULTS Proxies of the PAB factors helped to explain the distribution of both S. canadensis and S. gigantea. Distributions of both species were limited climatically because a mountain climate is not conducive to their growth; however, the S. canadensis distribution pattern was correlated with proxies of human pressure, whereas S. gigantea distribution was connected with environmental characteristics. The varied responses of species with regard to distance from their historical distribution sites indicated differences in their invasion drivers. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Proxies of PAB are helpful in the choice of explanatory variables as well as the ecological interpretation of species distribution models. The results underline that human activity can cause variation in the invasion of ecologically similar species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomasz H. Szymura
- Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of WrocławWrocławPoland
| | - Adam Zając
- Institute of BotanyFaculty of Biology and Earth SciencesJagiellonian University in KrakówKrakówPoland
| | - Dominika Chmolowska
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of AnimalsPolish Academy of SciencesKrakówPoland
| | - Magdalena Szymura
- Institute of Agroecology and Plant ProductionWrocław University of Environmental and Life SciencesWrocławPoland
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Swan CM, Brown B, Borowy D, Cavender‐Bares J, Jeliazkov A, Knapp S, Lososová Z, Padullés Cubino J, Pavoine S, Ricotta C, Sol D. A framework for understanding how biodiversity patterns unfold across multiple spatial scales in urban ecosystems. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryan Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences Virginia Tech 2125 Derring Hall Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - Dorothy Borowy
- University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore Maryland 21250 USA
| | - Jeannine Cavender‐Bares
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior University of Minnesota 1479 Gortner Avenue St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Alienor Jeliazkov
- INRAE UR HYCAR University of Paris‐Saclay Antony 92160 France
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig 04103 Germany
| | - Sonja Knapp
- Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Theodor‐Lieser‐Str. 4 Halle (Saale) 06120 Germany
| | - Zdeňka Lososová
- Department of Botany and Zoology Masaryk University Kotlářská 2 Brno CZ‐61137 Czech Republic
| | - Josep Padullés Cubino
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior University of Minnesota 1479 Gortner Avenue St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
- Department of Botany and Zoology Masaryk University Kotlářská 2 Brno CZ‐61137 Czech Republic
| | - Sandrine Pavoine
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Sorbonne Université CP 135, 57 rue Cuvier Paris 75005 France
| | - Carlo Ricotta
- Department of Environmental Biology University of Rome La Sapienza’ Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 Roma 00185 Italy
| | - Daniel Sol
- CSIC Spanish National Research Council CREAF‐UAB Catalonia 08193 Spain
- CREAF Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries Catalonia 08193 Spain
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13
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Valente-Neto F, Roque FDO, Pauliquevis CF, Oliveira AKMD, Provete DB, Szabo JK, Souza FL. Loss of Cultural and Functional Diversity Associated With Birds Across the Urbanization Gradient in a Tropical City. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.615797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Birds provide many ecosystem services to people, including provisioning, regulating and cultural services. People attribute multiple cultural values to ecosystems and biodiversity and the diversity of these cultural values can be considered as cultural diversity. While human-nature interactions occur more frequently in cities and urbanization negatively affects different facets of avian biodiversity, little is known about its consequence for cultural diversity. Here, we assess how the urbanization gradient in Campo Grande, a Brazilian city in the Cerrado biodiversity hotspot, affects functional and cultural diversity associated with birds and if functional and cultural diversity are congruent. We also investigate the relation between urbanization gradient with functional traits and cultural values, weighted by species abundance. We used a dataset based on bird surveyed in 61 landscapes along a gradient of impervious surface cover. To estimate functional and cultural diversity, we used indices that estimate richness and divergence of functional traits and cultural values. We found that urbanization affected functional and cultural richness negatively, while there was no effect on functional and cultural divergence. Functional and cultural richness and functional and cultural divergence were weakly, but significantly correlated. Bird species that nest on trees decreased and those that nest in artificial structures and on the ground increased along the impervious surface gradient. Body size, diet, habitat, mating system, flock behavior, and all cultural values (number of times the species was mentioned by football teams, music or poetry, city flags and anthems, and folklore tales) were not significantly affected by impervious surface. The negative relationship between impervious surface and bird cultural richness may indicate that people living in more urbanized areas experience nature less compared to people in less urbanized areas, which can affect their psychological well-being. In these highly urbanized areas, contact with culturally valued birds and cultural services provided by birds may also diminish. The negative relationship between functional richness and urbanization also indicate that highly urbanized areas may be losing important ecosystems services provided by birds.
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14
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Anderson EC, Minor ES. Assessing four methods for establishing native plants on urban vacant land. AMBIO 2021; 50:695-705. [PMID: 32948986 PMCID: PMC7882654 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01383-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Urban greening increases vegetation and can restore ecological functions to urban systems. It has ties to restoration ecology, which aims to return degraded land to diverse, functional ecosystems. Both practices can be applied to maximizing ecosystem services and habitat in vacant lots, which are abundant in post-industrial cities, including Chicago, Illinois (USA), where our study took place. We tested four methods for increasing native plant diversity in vacant lots, ranging from low input to resource-intensive: seed bombing, broadcast seeding, planting plugs, and gardening. After three growing seasons, we assessed the growth of eight target native species and all non-target species. We expected that intensive treatments would have more target species stems and flowers and fewer non-target species, but we found that less-intensive options often produce equal or better results. From this, we recommend broadcast seeding as a viable, low-cost method for improving habitat and biodiversity in vacant lots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa C. Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor (MC O66), Chicago, IL 60607 USA
- Cary Institute for Ecosystem Studies, 2801 Sharon Turnpike, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA
| | - Emily S. Minor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor (MC O66), Chicago, IL 60607 USA
- Institute for Environmental Science and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1088 SPHPI (MC 673), 1603 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
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15
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Plant-pollinator networks in Australian urban bushland remnants are not structurally equivalent to those in residential gardens. Urban Ecosyst 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-020-01089-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Dyson K. Conserving native trees increases native bird diversity and community composition on commercial office developments. JOURNAL OF URBAN ECOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jue/juaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In cities, woody vegetation provides critical shelter, nesting and foraging habitat for bird species of interest. Human actions—including development and landscaping choices—determine vegetation community composition and structure, making these choices critically important to urban bird conservation. A better understanding of how bird communities are impacted by parcel-scale actions can help guide policy and management best practices to improve matrix habitat quality and quantity. Here, I examined how bird habitat use varies along a vegetation gradient created by different development and landscaping choices. I surveyed 20 commercial office developments near Seattle in the Puget Trough region of Washington, USA selected using stratified random sampling, where I quantified bird communities and observed feeding behavior. I used GLMM and PERMANOVA models with data likelihood metrics to identify the best supported variables for bird site use, along with TITAN models to identify changes in community composition along environmental gradients. I found that measures of bird effective species richness and bird community are positively influenced by the presence of more native conifers, including the presence of a stand predating development and the height and density of native conifers. Measures of the native bird community are negatively influenced by higher non-native tree density. In contrast to prior research, top-down landscape-scale variables did not explain variation in measures of the bird community on office developments. Importantly, I found that birds are associated with the same habitat on office developments as observed elsewhere. Together, my findings suggest an important role for developers, land owners, landscape architects, and tree protection policy in bird conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Dyson
- Urban Ecology Research Lab, Urban Design and Planning, University of Washington, Gould Hall 432, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Dendrolytics, 4616 25th Ave NE, #558, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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17
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Ibsen PC, Borowy D, Rochford M, Swan CM, Jenerette GD. Influence of Climate and Management on Patterns of Taxonomic and Functional Diversity of Recreational Park Vegetation. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.501502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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18
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Zhu J, Zhu H, Cao Y, Li J, Zhu Q, Yao J, Xu C. Effect of simulated warming on leaf functional traits of urban greening plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:139. [PMID: 32245420 PMCID: PMC7119294 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02359-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Response and adaptation strategies of plants to the environment have always been the core issues in ecological research. So far, relatively little study exists on its functional traits responses to warming, especially in an urban environment. This information is the key to help understand plant responses and trade-off strategy to urban warming. RESULTS We chose the common greening trees of mature age in Beijing (Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Koelreuteria paniculata, and Sophora japonica) as the research subjects, and used infrared heaters to simulate warming for three gradients of natural temperature (CK), moderate warming (T1) and severe warming (T2). Results showed that:(1) Leaf dry matter content (LDMC), chlorophyll content (CHL), leaf tissue density (LTD), and stomatal density (SD) all increased with temperature warming. Specific leaf area (SLA), stomatal size (SS), and stomatal aperture (SA) decreased with simulated warming. (2) SLA was extremely significantly negatively correlated with CHL, LDMC, LTD and SD (P < 0.01), and was extremely significantly positively correlated with SS (P < 0.01). SA was extremely negatively correlated with SD (P < 0.01), and was extremely significantly positively correlated with SS (P < 0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between LDMC and LTD (P < 0.01). This showed that urban greening trees adapted to the environment by coordinating adjustment among leaf functional traits. (3) Under the T1 treatment, the R2 and slope among the leaf traits were higher than CK, and the significance was also enhanced. The correlation between leaf traits was strengthened in this warming environment. Conversely, it will weaken the correlation between leaf traits under the T2 treatment. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that there was a strong trade-off between leaf functional traits in the urban warming environment. Plants in the warming environment have adopted relatively consistent trade-offs and adaptation strategies. Moderate warming was more conducive to strengthening their trade-off potential. It is further verified that the global leaf economics spectrum also exists in urban ecosystems, which is generally tend to a quick-investment return type with the characteristics of thick leaves, strong photosynthetic capacity, low transpiration efficiency and long life in urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyou Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem of State Forestry Administration, Research Center for Urban Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Inspection Department of Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, 530402, China
| | - Yujuan Cao
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem of State Forestry Administration, Research Center for Urban Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jinhang Li
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem of State Forestry Administration, Research Center for Urban Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhu
- Inspection Department of Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, 530402, China
| | | | - Chengyang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem of State Forestry Administration, Research Center for Urban Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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19
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Bayón Á, Vilà M. Horizon scanning to identify invasion risk of ornamental plants marketed in Spain. NEOBIOTA 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.52.38113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Horticulture is one of the main pathways of deliberate introduction of non-native plants, some of which might become invasive. Of the 914 commercial ornamental outdoor plant species sold in Spain, 700 (77%) are non-native (archaeophytes excluded) marketed species. We classified these into six different lists based on their invasion status in Spain and elsewhere, their climatic suitability in Spain and their potential environmental and socioeconomic impacts. We found sufficient information for 270 species. We provide a Priority List of eight regulated invasive species that were still available on the market. We also established an Attention List with 68 non-regulated invasive and potentially invasive species that might cause various impacts. To prioritise the species within the Attention List, we further assessed the risk of invasion of these species by using an adaptation of the Australian WRA protocol and the level of societal interest estimated from values of the Google Trends tool. We also propose a Green List of seven species with probably no potential to become invasive, a Watch List with 27 potentially invasive species with few potential impacts and an Uncertainty List with 161 species of known status but with insufficient information to include them in any of the previous lists. We did not find sufficient information for 430 (61%) of the marketed non-native plant species, which were compiled into a Data Deficient List. Our findings of prohibited species for sale highlight the need for stronger enforcement of the regulations on invasive plant species in Spain. In addition, our results highlight the need for additional information on potential impacts and climate suitability of horticultural plants being sold in Spain, as insufficient information could be found to assess the invasion risk for most species.
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20
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Coisnon T, Rousselière D, Rousselière S. Information on biodiversity and environmental behaviors: A European study of individual and institutional drivers to adopt sustainable gardening practices. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2019; 84:102323. [PMID: 31674330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The specific case of home gardening practices is particularly relevant when discussing lifestyle habits and ecological transition, due to the wide range of positive and negative environmental externalities private gardens may generate. However, existing studies usually focus on restricted areas, mostly at a city scale. We provide an original empirical contribution to the literature on individual and institutional drivers regarding ecological transition by exploring the variations of individual behavior between European countries with an appropriate econometric approach. Using a European database (Eurobarometer 83.4), we highlight several interesting results regarding Europeans' adoption of sustainable gardening practices, more particularly on the role of socio-demographic drivers, urban or rural residential location and access to trustworthy biodiversity-related information. In conclusion, we provide recommendations for the design of dedicated public policies, specific to a national or local level of decision.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damien Rousselière
- SMART-LERECO, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, INRA, Angers, France; CRISES, UQAM, Montréal, Canada.
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21
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Corcos D, Cerretti P, Caruso V, Mei M, Falco M, Marini L. Impact of urbanization on predator and parasitoid insects at multiple spatial scales. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214068. [PMID: 30943220 PMCID: PMC6447152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Landscapes are becoming increasingly urbanized, causing loss and fragmentation of natural habitats, with potentially negative effects on biodiversity. Insects are among the organisms with the largest diversity in urbanized environments. Here, we sampled predator (Ampulicidae, Sphecidae and Crabronidae) and parasitoid (Tachinidae) flower-visiting insects in 36 sites in the city of Rome (Italy). Although the diversity of herbivorous insects in urban areas mostly depends on the availability of flowering plants and nesting sites, predators and parasitoids generally require a larger number of resources during their life cycle, and are expected to be particularly influenced by urbanization. As flower-visitors can easily move between habitat patches, the effect of urbanization was tested at multiple spatial scales (local, landscape and sub-regional). We found that urbanization influenced predator and parasitoid flower-visitors at all three spatial scales. At the local scale, streets and buildings negatively influenced evenness of predators and species richness and abundance of parasitoids probably acting as dispersal barrier. At the landscape scale, higher percentage of urban decreased predator abundance, while increasing their evenness, suggesting an increase in generalist and highly mobile species. Area and compactness (i.e. Contiguity index) of urban green interactively influenced predator communities, whereas evenness of parasitoids increased with increasing Contiguity index. At the sub-regional scale, species richness and abundance of predators increased with increasing distance from the city center. Compared to previous studies testing the effect of urbanization, we found little variation in species richness, abundance and evenness along our urbanization gradient. The current insect fauna has been probably selected for its tolerance to habitat loss and fragmentation, being the result of the intensive anthropogenic alteration occurred in the area in the last centuries. Conservation strategies aimed at predator and parasitoid flying insects have to take in account variables at multiple spatial-scales, as well as the complementarity of resources across the landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Corcos
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro (Padua), Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Pierfilippo Cerretti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Caruso
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mei
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Falco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marini
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro (Padua), Italy
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22
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Soifer LG, Ackerman JD. Extremes of forest–urban gradient offer some refuge for alien orchid invasion. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-01963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Szymura TH, Szymura M, Zając M, Zając A. Effect of anthropogenic factors, landscape structure, land relief, soil and climate on risk of alien plant invasion at regional scale. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 626:1373-1381. [PMID: 29898544 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We compared the effectiveness of explanatory variables representing different environmental spheres on the risk of alien plant invasion. Using boosted regression trees (BRT), we assessed the effect of anthropogenic factors, soil variables, land relief, climate and landscape structure on neophyte richness (NR) (alien plant species introduced after the 15th century). Data on NR were derived from a 2 × 2 km grid covering a total area of 31,200 km2 of the Carpathian massif and its foreground, Central Europe. Each of the examined environmental spheres explained NR, but their explanatory ability varied more than two-folds. Climatic variables explained the highest fraction of deviation, followed by anthropogenic factors, soil type, land relief and landscape structure. The global model, which incorporated crucial variables from all studied environmental spheres, had the best explanatory ability. However, the explained deviation was far smaller than the sum of the deviations explained by the single-sphere models. The global model showed that the deviation that could be explained by variables representing particular spheres, overlapped. The variables representing landscape structure were not included in the global model as they were found to be redundant. Finally, the climatic variables explained a smaller fraction of the deviation than the anthropogenic factors. The partial dependency plots allowed the assessment of the course of dependencies between NR and particular explanatory variables after eliminating the average effect of all other variables. The relationships were usually curvilinear and revealed some values of environmental variables beyond which NR changed considerably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz H Szymura
- Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Wrocław, Maksa Borna Sq. 9, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Szymura
- Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 24A, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maria Zając
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Kopernika 27, 31-501 Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Zając
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Kopernika 27, 31-501 Kraków, Poland
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24
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van Kleunen M, Essl F, Pergl J, Brundu G, Carboni M, Dullinger S, Early R, González-Moreno P, Groom QJ, Hulme PE, Kueffer C, Kühn I, Máguas C, Maurel N, Novoa A, Parepa M, Pyšek P, Seebens H, Tanner R, Touza J, Verbrugge L, Weber E, Dawson W, Kreft H, Weigelt P, Winter M, Klonner G, Talluto MV, Dehnen-Schmutz K. The changing role of ornamental horticulture in alien plant invasions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1421-1437. [PMID: 29504240 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The number of alien plants escaping from cultivation into native ecosystems is increasing steadily. We provide an overview of the historical, contemporary and potential future roles of ornamental horticulture in plant invasions. We show that currently at least 75% and 93% of the global naturalised alien flora is grown in domestic and botanical gardens, respectively. Species grown in gardens also have a larger naturalised range than those that are not. After the Middle Ages, particularly in the 18th and 19th centuries, a global trade network in plants emerged. Since then, cultivated alien species also started to appear in the wild more frequently than non-cultivated aliens globally, particularly during the 19th century. Horticulture still plays a prominent role in current plant introduction, and the monetary value of live-plant imports in different parts of the world is steadily increasing. Historically, botanical gardens - an important component of horticulture - played a major role in displaying, cultivating and distributing new plant discoveries. While the role of botanical gardens in the horticultural supply chain has declined, they are still a significant link, with one-third of institutions involved in retail-plant sales and horticultural research. However, botanical gardens have also become more dependent on commercial nurseries as plant sources, particularly in North America. Plants selected for ornamental purposes are not a random selection of the global flora, and some of the plant characteristics promoted through horticulture, such as fast growth, also promote invasion. Efforts to breed non-invasive plant cultivars are still rare. Socio-economical, technological, and environmental changes will lead to novel patterns of plant introductions and invasion opportunities for the species that are already cultivated. We describe the role that horticulture could play in mediating these changes. We identify current research challenges, and call for more research efforts on the past and current role of horticulture in plant invasions. This is required to develop science-based regulatory frameworks to prevent further plant invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark van Kleunen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.,Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Franz Essl
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Pergl
- Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Giuseppe Brundu
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marta Carboni
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Regan Early
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, U.K
| | | | - Quentin J Groom
- Botanical Garden Meise, Bouchout Domain, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860, Meise, Belgium
| | - Philip E Hulme
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, 7648, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Christoph Kueffer
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Ingolf Kühn
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Street 4, 06120, Halle, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Noëlie Maurel
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ana Novoa
- Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.,South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag x7, Claremont, 7735, South Africa
| | - Madalin Parepa
- Institute of Evolution & Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hanno Seebens
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Georg-Voigt-Straße 14-16, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rob Tanner
- European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization, 21 boulevard Richard Lenoir, 75011, Paris, France
| | - Julia Touza
- Environment Department, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, YO10 5NG, York, U.K
| | - Laura Verbrugge
- Institute for Science in Society, Radboud University, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Centre of Expertise for Exotic Species, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ewald Weber
- Biodiversity Research, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, Potsdam, D-14469, Germany
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Günther Klonner
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthew V Talluto
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Katharina Dehnen-Schmutz
- Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, Ryton Gardens, Coventry, CV8 3LG, U.K
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25
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Ren Y, Qu Z, Du Y, Xu R, Ma D, Yang G, Shi Y, Fan X, Tani A, Guo P, Ge Y, Chang J. Air quality and health effects of biogenic volatile organic compounds emissions from urban green spaces and the mitigation strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 230:849-861. [PMID: 28734266 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emissions lead to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ground-level ozone pollution, and are harmful to human health, especially in urban areas. However, most BVOCs estimations ignored the emissions from urban green spaces, causing inaccuracies in the understanding of regional BVOCs emissions and their environmental and health effects. In this study, we used the latest local vegetation datasets from our field survey and applied an estimation model to analyze the spatial-temporal patterns, air quality impacts, health damage and mitigating strategies of BVOCs emissions in the Greater Beijing Area. Results showed that: (1) the urban core was the hotspot of regional BVOCs emissions for the highest region-based emission intensity (3.0 g C m-2 yr-1) among the 11 sub-regions; (2) urban green spaces played much more important roles (account for 62% of total health damage) than rural forests in threating human health; (3) BVOCs emissions from green spaces will more than triple by 2050 due to urban area expansion, tree growth and environmental changes; and (4) adopting proactive management (e.g. adjusting tree species composition) can reduce 61% of the BVOCs emissions and 50% of the health damage related to BVOCs emissions by 2050.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zelong Qu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Du
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Ronghua Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Danping Ma
- Engineering Experimental Training Center, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Guofu Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yan Shi
- School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, PR China
| | - Xing Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Akira Tani
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka 422-7 8526, Japan
| | - Peipei Guo
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Ying Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jie Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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Klonner G, Dullinger I, Wessely J, Bossdorf O, Carboni M, Dawson W, Essl F, Gattringer A, Haeuser E, van Kleunen M, Kreft H, Moser D, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Thuiller W, Weigelt P, Winter M, Dullinger S. Will climate change increase hybridization risk between potential plant invaders and their congeners in Europe? DIVERS DISTRIB 2017; 23:934-943. [PMID: 28781572 PMCID: PMC5518762 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Interspecific hybridization can promote invasiveness of alien species. In many regions of the world, public and domestic gardens contain a huge pool of non-native plants. Climate change may relax constraints on their naturalization and hence facilitate hybridization with related species in the resident flora. Here, we evaluate this possible increase in hybridization risk by predicting changes in the overlap of climatically suitable ranges between a set of garden plants and their congeners in the resident flora. LOCATION Europe. METHODS From the pool of alien garden plants, we selected those which (1) are not naturalized in Europe, but established outside their native range elsewhere in the world; (2) belong to a genus where interspecific hybridization has been previously reported; and (3) have congeners in the native and naturalized flora of Europe. For the resulting set of 34 alien ornamentals as well as for 173 of their European congeners, we fitted species distribution models and projected suitable ranges under the current climate and three future climate scenarios. Changes in range overlap between garden plants and congeners were then assessed by means of the true skill statistic. RESULTS Projections suggest that under a warming climate, suitable ranges of garden plants will increase, on average, while those of their congeners will remain constant or shrink, at least under the more severe climate scenarios. The mean overlap in ranges among congeners of the two groups will decrease. Variation among genera is pronounced; however, and for some congeners, range overlap is predicted to increase significantly. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Averaged across all modelled species, our results do not indicate that hybrids between potential future invaders and resident species will emerge more frequently in Europe when climate warms. These average trends do not preclude, however, that hybridization risk may considerably increase in particular genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Klonner
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Iwona Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Institute of Social EcologyFaculty for Interdisciplinary StudiesAlps Adria UniversityViennaAustria
| | - Johannes Wessely
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Institute of Evolution & EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Marta Carboni
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine (LECA), CNRSUniversity of Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biology, EcologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamUK
| | - Franz Essl
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Andreas Gattringer
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Emily Haeuser
- Department of Biology, EcologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Department of Biology, EcologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and ConservationTaizhou UniversityTaizhouChina
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & BiogeographyUniversity of GoettingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Dietmar Moser
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Jan Pergl
- Department of Invasion EcologyInstitute of BotanyThe Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion EcologyInstitute of BotanyThe Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Department of EcologyFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine (LECA), CNRSUniversity of Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & BiogeographyUniversity of GoettingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
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27
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Dullinger I, Wessely J, Bossdorf O, Dawson W, Essl F, Gattringer A, Klonner G, Kreft H, Kuttner M, Moser D, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Thuiller W, van Kleunen M, Weigelt P, Winter M, Dullinger S. Climate change will increase the naturalization risk from garden plants in Europe. GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY : A JOURNAL OF MACROECOLOGY 2017; 26:43-53. [PMID: 28111525 PMCID: PMC5216452 DOI: 10.1111/geb.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Plant invasions often follow initial introduction with a considerable delay. The current non-native flora of a region may hence contain species that are not yet naturalized but may become so in the future, especially if climate change lifts limitations on species spread. In Europe, non-native garden plants represent a huge pool of potential future invaders. Here, we evaluate the naturalization risk from this species pool and how it may change under a warmer climate. LOCATION Europe. METHODS We selected all species naturalized anywhere in the world but not yet in Europe from the set of non-native European garden plants. For this subset of 783 species, we used species distribution models to assess their potential European ranges under different scenarios of climate change. Moreover, we defined geographical hotspots of naturalization risk from those species by combining projections of climatic suitability with maps of the area available for ornamental plant cultivation. RESULTS Under current climate, 165 species would already find suitable conditions in > 5% of Europe. Although climate change substantially increases the potential range of many species, there are also some that are predicted to lose climatically suitable area under a changing climate, particularly species native to boreal and Mediterranean biomes. Overall, hotspots of naturalization risk defined by climatic suitability alone, or by a combination of climatic suitability and appropriate land cover, are projected to increase by up to 102% or 64%, respectively. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the risk of naturalization of European garden plants will increase with warming climate, and thus it is very likely that the risk of negative impacts from invasion by these plants will also grow. It is therefore crucial to increase awareness of the possibility of biological invasions among horticulturalists, particularly in the face of a warming climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Dullinger
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation‐ and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 14Vienna1030Austria
- Institute of Social Ecology, Faculty for Interdisciplinary Studies, Alps Adria UniversitySchottenfeldgasse 29Vienna1070Austria
| | - Johannes Wessely
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation‐ and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 14Vienna1030Austria
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 5Tübingen72076Germany
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Ecology, Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 10Konstanz78457Germany
- School of Biological and Biomedical SciencesDurham UniversitySouth RoadDurhamDH1 3LEUK
| | - Franz Essl
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation‐ and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 14Vienna1030Austria
| | - Andreas Gattringer
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation‐ and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 14Vienna1030Austria
| | - Günther Klonner
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation‐ and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 14Vienna1030Austria
| | - Holger Kreft
- Department of Biodiversity, Macroecology and BiogeographyUniversity of GöttingenBüsgenweg 1Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Michael Kuttner
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation‐ and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 14Vienna1030Austria
| | - Dietmar Moser
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation‐ and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 14Vienna1030Austria
| | - Jan Pergl
- Department of Invasion EcologyInstitute of Botany, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhonice25243Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion EcologyInstitute of Botany, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhonice25243Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of ScienceCharles University in PragueViničná 7Prague12844Czech Republic
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine (LECA), University of Grenoble AlpesGrenoble38000France
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine (LECA), CNRSGrenoble38000France
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 10Konstanz78457Germany
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Department of Biodiversity, Macroecology and BiogeographyUniversity of GöttingenBüsgenweg 1Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5eLeipzig04103Germany
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation‐ and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 14Vienna1030Austria
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28
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Lin BB, Philpott SM, Jha S, Liere H. Urban Agriculture as a Productive Green Infrastructure for Environmental and Social Well-Being. ADVANCES IN 21ST CENTURY HUMAN SETTLEMENTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4113-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Changes in Plant Species Composition and Structure in Two Peri-urban Nature Preserves over 10 Years. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 2015. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-174.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Lin BB, Philpott SM, Jha S. The future of urban agriculture and biodiversity-ecosystem services: Challenges and next steps. Basic Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Calfapietra C, Peñuelas J, Niinemets Ü. Urban plant physiology: adaptation-mitigation strategies under permanent stress. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 20:72-5. [PMID: 25476199 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Urban environments that are stressful for plant function and growth will become increasingly widespread in future. In this opinion article, we define the concept of 'urban plant physiology', which focuses on plant responses and long term adaptations to urban conditions and on the capacity of urban vegetation to mitigate environmental hazards in urbanized settings such as air and soil pollution. Use of appropriate control treatments would allow for studies in urban environments to be comparable to expensive manipulative experiments. In this opinion article, we propose to couple two approaches, based either on environmental gradients or manipulated gradients, to develop the concept of urban plant physiology for assessing how single or multiple environmental factors affect the key environmental services provided by urban forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Calfapietra
- Institute of Agro-Environmental and Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Viale Marconi 2, Porano (TR), Italy; Czechglobe, Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
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32
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Hulme PE. Alien plants confront expectations of climate change impacts. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 19:547-9. [PMID: 24946989 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The success of alien plants in novel environments questions basic assumptions about the fate of native species under climate change. Aliens generally spread faster than the velocity of climate change, display considerable phenotypic plasticity as well as adaptation to new selection pressures, and their ranges are often shaped by biotic rather than climatic factors. Given that many native species also exhibit these attributes, their risk of extinction as a result of climate change might be overestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip E Hulme
- The Bio-Protection Research Centre, PO Box 84, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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33
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Ren Y, Ge Y, Gu B, Min Y, Tani A, Chang J. Role of management strategies and environmental factors in determining the emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds from urban greenspaces. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:6237-6246. [PMID: 24811523 DOI: 10.1021/es4054434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from urban greenspace have recently become a global concern. To identify key factors affecting the dynamics of urban BVOC emissions, we built an estimation model and utilized the city of Hangzhou in southeastern China as an example. A series of single-factor scenarios were first developed, and then nine multifactor scenarios using a combination of different single-factor scenarios were built to quantify the effects of environmental changes and urban management strategies on urban BVOC emissions. Results of our model simulations showed that (1) annual total BVOC emissions from the metropolitan area of Hangzhou were 4.7×10(8) g of C in 2010 and were predicted to be 1.2-3.2 Gg of C (1 Gg=10(9) g) in our various scenarios in 2050, (2) urban management played a more important role in determining future urban BVOC emissions than environmental changes, and (3) a high ecosystem service value (e.g., lowest BVOC/leaf mass ratio) could be achieved through positive coping in confronting environmental changes and adopting proactive urban management strategies on a local scale, that is, to moderately increase tree density while restricting excessive greenspace expansion and optimizing the species composition of existing and newly planted trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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34
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Calfapietra C, Fares S, Manes F, Morani A, Sgrigna G, Loreto F. Role of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOC) emitted by urban trees on ozone concentration in cities: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 183:71-80. [PMID: 23597803 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOC) play a critical role in biosphere-atmosphere interactions and are key factors of the physical and chemical properties of the atmosphere and climate. However, few studies have been carried out at urban level to investigate the interactions between BVOC emissions and ozone (O3) concentration. The contribution of urban vegetation to the load of BVOCs in the air and the interactions between biogenic emissions and urban pollution, including the likely formation of O3, needs to be investigated, but also the effects of O3 on the biochemical reactions and physiological conditions leading to BVOC emissions are largely unknown. The effect of BVOC emission on the O3 uptake by the trees is further complicating the interactions BVOC-O3, thus making challenging the estimation of the calculation of BVOC effect on O3 concentration at urban level.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Calfapietra
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology (IBAF), Porano (TR), Italy; Global Change Research Centre, Brno, Czech Republic.
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35
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Hase K, Nikoh N, Shimada M. Population admixture and high larval viability among urban toads. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:1677-91. [PMID: 23789077 PMCID: PMC3686201 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In terms of evolutionary biology, a population admixture of more than two distinct lineages may lead to strengthened genetic variation through hybridization. However, a population admixture arising from artificial secondary contact poses significant problems in conservation biology. In urban Tokyo, a population admixture has emerged from two lineages of Japanese common toad: native Bufo japonicus formosus and nonnative B. japonicus japonicus, of which the latter was introduced in the early 20th century. To evaluate the degree of genetic disturbance in the admixed population of these two subspecies, we analyzed genotypes of toads distributed within and outside Tokyo by assessing mtDNA and seven microsatellite loci. We found that the introduced B. japonicus japonicus genotype dominates six local populations in the Tokyo admixture zone and was clearly derived from past introgressive hybridization between the two subspecies. These observations were supported by morphological assessments. Furthermore, the average larval survival rate in Tokyo was significantly higher than that outside Tokyo, suggesting that the temporary contribution of introduced toads occurred through introgression. The fitness of toads in urban Tokyo may thus be increasing with the assistance of nonnative individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Hase
- Department of General Systems Studies, The University of Tokyo Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
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36
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Cooke SJ, Sack L, Franklin CE, Farrell AP, Beardall J, Wikelski M, Chown SL. What is conservation physiology? Perspectives on an increasingly integrated and essential science(†). CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 1:cot001. [PMID: 27293585 PMCID: PMC4732437 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cot001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Globally, ecosystems and their constituent flora and fauna face the localized and broad-scale influence of human activities. Conservation practitioners and environmental managers struggle to identify and mitigate threats, reverse species declines, restore degraded ecosystems, and manage natural resources sustainably. Scientific research and evidence are increasingly regarded as the foundation for new regulations, conservation actions, and management interventions. Conservation biologists and managers have traditionally focused on the characteristics (e.g. abundance, structure, trends) of populations, species, communities, and ecosystems, and simple indicators of the responses to environmental perturbations and other human activities. However, an understanding of the specific mechanisms underlying conservation problems is becoming increasingly important for decision-making, in part because physiological tools and knowledge are especially useful for developing cause-and-effect relationships, and for identifying the optimal range of habitats and stressor thresholds for different organisms. When physiological knowledge is incorporated into ecological models, it can improve predictions of organism responses to environmental change and provide tools to support management decisions. Without such knowledge, we may be left with simple associations. 'Conservation physiology' has been defined previously with a focus on vertebrates, but here we redefine the concept universally, for application to the diversity of taxa from microbes to plants, to animals, and to natural resources. We also consider 'physiology' in the broadest possible terms; i.e. how an organism functions, and any associated mechanisms, from development to bioenergetics, to environmental interactions, through to fitness. Moreover, we consider conservation physiology to include a wide range of applications beyond assisting imperiled populations, and include, for example, the eradication of invasive species, refinement of resource management strategies to minimize impacts, and evaluation of restoration plans. This concept of conservation physiology emphasizes the basis, importance, and ecological relevance of physiological diversity at a variety of scales. Real advances in conservation and resource management require integration and inter-disciplinarity. Conservation physiology and its suite of tools and concepts is a key part of the evidence base needed to address pressing environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Craig E. Franklin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Anthony P. Farrell
- Department of Zoology and Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Max Plank Institute of Ornithology, D-78315 Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Steven L. Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
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37
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Trentanovi G, von der Lippe M, Sitzia T, Ziechmann U, Kowarik I, Cierjacks A. Biotic homogenization at the community scale: disentangling the roles of urbanization and plant invasion. DIVERS DISTRIB 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Moritz von der Lippe
- Department of Ecology; Ecosystem Science/Plant Ecology; Technische Universität Berlin; Rothenburgstr; 12; 12165; Berlin; Germany
| | - Tommaso Sitzia
- Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi, Agro-forestali; Università degli Studi di Padova; Campus di Agripolis; Viale dell'Università 16; 35020; Legnaro; Padova; Italy
| | - Ulrike Ziechmann
- Department of Ecology; Ecosystem Science/Plant Ecology; Technische Universität Berlin; Rothenburgstr; 12; 12165; Berlin; Germany
| | - Ingo Kowarik
- Department of Ecology; Ecosystem Science/Plant Ecology; Technische Universität Berlin; Rothenburgstr; 12; 12165; Berlin; Germany
| | - Arne Cierjacks
- Department of Ecology; Ecosystem Science/Plant Ecology; Technische Universität Berlin; Rothenburgstr; 12; 12165; Berlin; Germany
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38
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Hase K, Shimada M, Nikoh N. High Degree of Mitochondrial Haplotype Diversity in the
Japanease Common Toad Bufo japonicus
in Urban Tokyo. Zoolog Sci 2012; 29:702-8. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.29.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Hase
- Department of General Systems Studies, University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Masakazu Shimada
- Department of General Systems Studies, University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Naruo Nikoh
- Department of Liberal Arts, The Open University of Japan, Chiba 261-8586, Japan
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Knapp S, Dinsmore L, Fissore C, Hobbie SE, Jakobsdottir I, Kattge J, King JY, Klotz S, McFadden JP, Cavender-Bares J. Phylogenetic and functional characteristics of household yard floras and their changes along an urbanization gradient. Ecology 2012. [DOI: 10.1890/11-0392.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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40
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A cultivated environment: Exploring the global distribution of plants in gardens, parks and streetscapes. Urban Ecosyst 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-011-0215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Living More Than Just Enough for the City: Persistence of High-Quality Vegetation in Natural Areas in an Urban Setting. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2011. [DOI: 10.3390/d3040611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kowarik I. Novel urban ecosystems, biodiversity, and conservation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:1974-83. [PMID: 21435761 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
With increasing urbanization the importance of cities for biodiversity conservation grows. This paper reviews the ways in which biodiversity is affected by urbanization and discusses the consequences of different conservation approaches. Cities can be richer in plant species, including in native species, than rural areas. Alien species can lead to both homogenization and differentiation among urban regions. Urban habitats can harbor self-sustaining populations of rare and endangered native species, but cannot replace the complete functionality of (semi-)natural remnants. While many conservation approaches tend to focus on such relict habitats and native species in urban settings, this paper argues for a paradigm shift towards considering the whole range of urban ecosystems. Although conservation attitudes may be challenged by the novelty of some urban ecosystems, which are often linked to high numbers of nonnative species, it is promising to consider their associated ecosystem services, social benefits, and possible contribution to biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Kowarik
- Department of Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin, Rothenburgstr. 12, D 12165 Berlin, Germany.
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Peñuelas J, Staudt M. BVOCs and global change. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2010; 15:133-44. [PMID: 20097116 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Revised: 12/13/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) produced by plants are involved in plant growth, reproduction and defense. They are emitted from vegetation into the atmosphere and have significant effects on other organisms and on atmospheric chemistry and physics. Here, we review current knowledge on the alteration of BVOC emission rates due to climate and global changes: warming, drought, land use changes, high atmospheric CO(2) concentrations, ozone and enhanced UV radiation. These alterations are very variable depending on the doses, timing, BVOC and species, but in overall terms are likely to increase BVOC emissions. These changed emissions can lead to unforeseeable consequences for the biosphere structure and functioning, and can disturb biosphere feedback on atmospheric chemistry and climate with a direction and intensity that warrants in-depth investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Peñuelas
- Global Ecology Unit CSIC-CEAB-CREAF, CREAF (Centre de Recerca Ecologica i Aplicacions Forestals), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Goddard MA, Dougill AJ, Benton TG. Scaling up from gardens: biodiversity conservation in urban environments. Trends Ecol Evol 2010; 25:90-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2009.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 719] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Revised: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Loreto F, Bagnoli F, Fineschi S. One species, many terpenes: matching chemical and biological diversity. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2009; 14:416-20. [PMID: 19616466 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Volatile terpenes have been proposed as chemotaxonomic markers, despite the strong environmental control on their synthesis. To clarify whether chemical profiles match biological diversity, cork oak, a monoterpene-emitting species that has been bred by humans and frequently hybridizes with other oaks, is a useful case-study. Analysis of the available genetic information in cork oak provenances suggests that volatile terpenes might indeed suitably track geographical diversity even at the intraspecific level. Phylogeographical diversity does not reflect chemical diversity in other evergreen oaks that have not been intensively bred. Breeding for productive traits might therefore drive selection for terpene diversity, in turn modulating important adaptive mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Loreto
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Biologia Agroambientale e Forestale, via Salaria km 29.300, I-00015 Monterotondo Scalo - RM, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Peñuelas
- Unitat d'Ecofisiologia i Canvi Global, CSIC-CEAB-CREAF, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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