1
|
Eckardt NA, Avin-Wittenberg T, Bassham DC, Chen P, Chen Q, Fang J, Genschik P, Ghifari AS, Guercio AM, Gibbs DJ, Heese M, Jarvis RP, Michaeli S, Murcha MW, Mursalimov S, Noir S, Palayam M, Peixoto B, Rodriguez PL, Schaller A, Schnittger A, Serino G, Shabek N, Stintzi A, Theodoulou FL, Üstün S, van Wijk KJ, Wei N, Xie Q, Yu F, Zhang H. The lowdown on breakdown: Open questions in plant proteolysis. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2931-2975. [PMID: 38980154 PMCID: PMC11371169 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Proteolysis, including post-translational proteolytic processing as well as protein degradation and amino acid recycling, is an essential component of the growth and development of living organisms. In this article, experts in plant proteolysis pose and discuss compelling open questions in their areas of research. Topics covered include the role of proteolysis in the cell cycle, DNA damage response, mitochondrial function, the generation of N-terminal signals (degrons) that mark many proteins for degradation (N-terminal acetylation, the Arg/N-degron pathway, and the chloroplast N-degron pathway), developmental and metabolic signaling (photomorphogenesis, abscisic acid and strigolactone signaling, sugar metabolism, and postharvest regulation), plant responses to environmental signals (endoplasmic-reticulum-associated degradation, chloroplast-associated degradation, drought tolerance, and the growth-defense trade-off), and the functional diversification of peptidases. We hope these thought-provoking discussions help to stimulate further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamar Avin-Wittenberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Diane C Bassham
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Poyu Chen
- School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Qian Chen
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Section of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Pascal Genschik
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12, rue du Général Zimmer, Strasbourg 67084, France
| | - Abi S Ghifari
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Angelica M Guercio
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Daniel J Gibbs
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B1 2RU, UK
| | - Maren Heese
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany
| | - R Paul Jarvis
- Section of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Simon Michaeli
- Department of Postharvest Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Monika W Murcha
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Sergey Mursalimov
- Department of Postharvest Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Sandra Noir
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12, rue du Général Zimmer, Strasbourg 67084, France
| | - Malathy Palayam
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bruno Peixoto
- Section of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Pedro L Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Valencia ES-46022, Spain
| | - Andreas Schaller
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg 22609, Germany
| | - Giovanna Serino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza Universita’ di Roma, p.le A. Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Nitzan Shabek
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Annick Stintzi
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | | | - Suayib Üstün
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum 44780, Germany
| | - Klaas J van Wijk
- Section of Plant Biology, School of Integrative Plant Sciences (SIPS), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ning Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feifei Yu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Plant Sciences and the Bioeconomy, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qi J, Mao Y, Cui J, Lu X, Xu J, Liu Y, Zhong H, Yu W, Li C. The role of strigolactones in resistance to environmental stress in plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14419. [PMID: 38973451 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Abiotic stress impairs plant growth and development, thereby causing low yield and inferior quality of crops. Increasing studies reported that strigolactones (SL) are plant hormones that enhance plant stress resistance by regulating plant physiological processes and gene expressions. In this review, we introduce the response and regulatory role of SL in salt, drought, light, heat, cold and cadmium stresses in plants. This review also discusses how SL alleviate the damage of abiotic stress in plants, furthermore, introducing the mechanisms of SL enhancing plant stress resistance at the genetic level. Under abiotic stress, the exogenous SL analog GR24 can induce the biosynthesis of SL in plants, and endogenous SL can alleviate the damage caused by abiotic stress. SL enhanced the stress resistance of plants by protecting photosynthesis, enhancing the antioxidant capacity of plants and promoting the symbiosis between plants and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM). SL interact with abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), auxin, cytokinin (CK), jasmonic acid (JA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and other signal molecules to jointly regulate plant stress resistance. Lastly, both the importance of SL and their challenges for future work are outlined in order to further elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying the roles of SL in plant responses to abiotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qi
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuanzhi Mao
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Cui
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xuefang Lu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Junrong Xu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yunzhi Liu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Haini Zhong
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wenjin Yu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Changxia Li
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu C, Jiang X, Liu S, Liu Y, Li H, Wang Z, Kan J, Yang Q, Li X. Comprehensive Evolutionary Analysis of the SMXL Gene Family in Rosaceae: Further Insights into Its Origin, Expansion, Diversification, and Role in Regulating Pear Branching. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2971. [PMID: 38474218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
SMXL genes constitute a conserved gene family that is ubiquitous in angiosperms and involved in regulating various plant processes, including branching, leaf elongation, and anthocyanin biosynthesis, but little is known about their molecular functions in pear branching. Here, we performed genome-wide identification and investigation of the SMXL genes in 16 angiosperms and analyzed their phylogenetics, structural features, conserved motifs, and expression patterns. In total, 121 SMXLs genes were identified and were classified into four groups. The number of non-redundant SMXL genes in each species varied from 3 (Amborella trichopoda Baill.) to 18 (Glycine max Merr.) and revealed clear gene expansion events over evolutionary history. All the SMXL genes showed conserved structures, containing no more than two introns. Three-dimensional protein structure prediction revealed distinct structures between but similar structures within groups. A quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed different expressions of 10 SMXL genes from pear branching induced by fruit-thinning treatment. Overall, our study provides a comprehensive investigation of SMXL genes in the Rosaceae family, especially pear. The results offer a reference for understanding the evolutionary history of SMXL genes and provide excellent candidates for studying fruit tree branching regulation, and in facilitating pear pruning and planting strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xianda Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Susha Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yilong Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jialiang Kan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Qingsong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Solomon W, Janda T, Molnár Z. Unveiling the significance of rhizosphere: Implications for plant growth, stress response, and sustainable agriculture. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108290. [PMID: 38150841 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
In the rhizosphere, the activities within all processes and functions are primarily influenced by plant roots, microorganisms present in the rhizosphere, and the interactions between roots and microorganisms. The rhizosphere, a dynamic zone surrounding the roots, provides an ideal environment for a diverse microbial community, which significantly shapes plant growth and development. Microbial activity in the rhizosphere can promote plant growth by increasing nutrient availability, influencing plant hormonal signaling, and repelling or outcompeting pathogenic microbial strains. Understanding the associations between plant roots and soil microorganisms has the potential to revolutionize crop yields, improve productivity, minimize reliance on chemical fertilizers, and promote sustainable plant growth technologies. The rhizosphere microbiome could play a vital role in the next green revolution and contribute to sustainable and eco-friendly agriculture. However, there are still knowledge gaps concerning plant root-environment interactions, particularly regarding roots and microorganisms. Advances in metabolomics have helped to understand the chemical communication between plants and soil biota, yet challenges persist. This article provides an overview of the latest advancements in comprehending the communication and interplay between plant roots and microbes, which have been shown to impact crucial factors such as plant growth, gene expression, nutrient absorption, pest and disease resistance, and the alleviation of abiotic stress. By improving these aspects, sustainable agriculture practices can be implemented to increase the overall productivity of plant ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wogene Solomon
- Department of Plant Science, Albert Kazmer Faculty of Mosonmagyarovar, Széchenyi István University, Hungary.
| | - Tibor Janda
- Agricultural Institute Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Molnár
- Department of Plant Science, Albert Kazmer Faculty of Mosonmagyarovar, Széchenyi István University, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ezquerro M, Li C, Pérez-Pérez J, Burbano-Erazo E, Barja MV, Wang Y, Dong L, Lisón P, López-Gresa MP, Bouwmeester HJ, Rodríguez-Concepción M. Tomato geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase isoform 1 is involved in the stress-triggered production of diterpenes in leaves and strigolactones in roots. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 239:2292-2306. [PMID: 37381102 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are photoprotectant pigments and precursors of hormones such as strigolactones (SL). Carotenoids are produced in plastids from geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), which is diverted to the carotenoid pathway by phytoene synthase (PSY). In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), three genes encode plastid-targeted GGPP synthases (SlG1 to SlG3) and three genes encode PSY isoforms (PSY1 to PSY3). Here, we investigated the function of SlG1 by generating loss-of-function lines and combining their metabolic and physiological phenotyping with gene co-expression and co-immunoprecipitation analyses. Leaves and fruits of slg1 lines showed a wild-type phenotype in terms of carotenoid accumulation, photosynthesis, and development under normal growth conditions. In response to bacterial infection, however, slg1 leaves produced lower levels of defensive GGPP-derived diterpenoids. In roots, SlG1 was co-expressed with PSY3 and other genes involved in SL production, and slg1 lines grown under phosphate starvation exuded less SLs. However, slg1 plants did not display the branched shoot phenotype observed in other SL-defective mutants. At the protein level, SlG1 physically interacted with the root-specific PSY3 isoform but not with PSY1 and PSY2. Our results confirm specific roles for SlG1 in producing GGPP for defensive diterpenoids in leaves and carotenoid-derived SLs (in combination with PSY3) in roots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ezquerro
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, 46022, Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Changsheng Li
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Green Life Sciences Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Julia Pérez-Pérez
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Esteban Burbano-Erazo
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - M Victoria Barja
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Yanting Wang
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Green Life Sciences Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Lemeng Dong
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Green Life Sciences Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Purificación Lisón
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - M Pilar López-Gresa
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Harro J Bouwmeester
- Plant Hormone Biology Group, Green Life Sciences Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Concepción
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ranner JL, Schalk S, Martyniak C, Parniske M, Gutjahr C, Stark TD, Dawid C. Primary and Secondary Metabolites in Lotus japonicus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37466334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Lotus japonicus is a leguminous model plant used to gain insight into plant physiology, stress response, and especially symbiotic plant-microbe interactions, such as root nodule symbiosis or arbuscular mycorrhiza. Responses to changing environmental conditions, stress, microbes, or insect pests are generally accompanied by changes in primary and secondary metabolism to account for physiological needs or to produce defensive or signaling compounds. Here we provide an overview of the primary and secondary metabolites identified in L. japonicus to date. Identification of the metabolites is mainly based on mass spectral tags (MSTs) obtained by gas chromatography linked with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) or liquid chromatography-MS/MS (LC-MS/MS). These MSTs contain retention index and mass spectral information, which are compared to databases with MSTs of authentic standards. More than 600 metabolites are grouped into compound classes such as polyphenols, carbohydrates, organic acids and phosphates, lipids, amino acids, nitrogenous compounds, phytohormones, and additional defense compounds. Their physiological effects are briefly discussed, and the detection methods are explained. This review of the exisiting literature on L. japonicus metabolites provides a valuable basis for future metabolomics studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josef L Ranner
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schalk
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Cindy Martyniak
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Parniske
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, University of Munich (LMU), Großhaderner Straße 2-4, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Timo D Stark
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Professorship of Functional Phytometabolomics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tariq A, Ullah I, Sardans J, Graciano C, Mussarat S, Ullah A, Zeng F, Wang W, Al-Bakre DA, Ahmed Z, Ali S, Zhang Z, Yaseen A, Peñuelas J. Strigolactones can be a potential tool to fight environmental stresses in arid lands. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115966. [PMID: 37100368 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental stresses pose a significant threat to plant growth and ecosystem productivity, particularly in arid lands that are more susceptible to climate change. Strigolactones (SLs), carotenoid-derived plant hormones, have emerged as a potential tool for mitigating environmental stresses. METHODS This review aimed to gather information on SLs' role in enhancing plant tolerance to ecological stresses and their possible use in improving the resistance mechanisms of arid land plant species to intense aridity in the face of climate change. RESULTS Roots exude SLs under different environmental stresses, including macronutrient deficiency, especially phosphorus (P), which facilitates a symbiotic association with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF). SLs, in association with AMF, improve root system architecture, nutrient acquisition, water uptake, stomatal conductance, antioxidant mechanisms, morphological traits, and overall stress tolerance in plants. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that SL-mediated acclimatization to abiotic stresses involves multiple hormonal pathways, including abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinins (CK), gibberellic acid (GA), and auxin. However, most of the experiments have been conducted on crops, and little attention has been paid to the dominant vegetation in arid lands that plays a crucial role in reducing soil erosion, desertification, and land degradation. All the environmental gradients (nutrient starvation, drought, salinity, and temperature) that trigger SL biosynthesis/exudation prevail in arid regions. The above-mentioned functions of SLs can potentially be used to improve vegetation restoration and sustainable agriculture. CONCLUSIONS Present review concluded that knowledge on SL-mediated tolerance in plants is developed, but still in-depth research is needed on downstream signaling components in plants, SL molecular mechanisms and physiological interactions, efficient methods of synthetic SLs production, and their effective application in field conditions. This review also invites researchers to explore the possible application of SLs in improving the survival rate of indigenous vegetation in arid lands, which can potentially help combat land degradation problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akash Tariq
- Xinjiang Key Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration Laboratory, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China.
| | - Ihteram Ullah
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Corina Graciano
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sakina Mussarat
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Abd Ullah
- Xinjiang Key Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration Laboratory, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China
| | - Fanjiang Zeng
- Xinjiang Key Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration Laboratory, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China.
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China; Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Dhafer A Al-Bakre
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- Xinjiang Key Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration Laboratory, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China
| | - Sikandar Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration Laboratory, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China
| | - Aftab Yaseen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nisa ZU, Wang Y, Ali N, Chen C, Zhang X, Jin X, Yu L, Jing L, Chen C, Elansary HO. Strigolactone signaling gene from soybean GmMAX2a enhances the drought and salt-alkaline resistance in Arabidopsis via regulating transcriptional profiles of stress-related genes. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:216. [PMID: 37391642 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactone (SL) is a new plant hormone, which not only plays an important role in stimulating seed germination, plant branching, and regulating root development, but also plays an important role in the response of plants to abiotic stresses. In this study, the full-length cDNA of a soybean SL signal transduction gene (GmMAX2a) was isolated, cloned and revealed an important role in abiotic stress responses. Tissue-specific expression analysis by qRT-PCR indicated that GmMAX2a was expressed in all tissues of soybean, but highest expression was detected in seedling stems. Moreover, upregulation of GmMAX2a transcript expression under salt, alkali, and drought conditions were noted at different time points in soybean leaves compared to roots. Additionally, histochemical GUS staining studies revealed the deep staining in PGmMAX2a: GUS transgenic lines compared to WT indicating active involvement of GmMAX2a promoter region to stress responses. To further investigate the function of GmMAX2a gene in transgenic Arabidopsis, Petri-plate experiments were performed and GmMAX2a OX lines appeared with longer roots and improved fresh biomass compared to WT plants to NaCl, NaHCO3, and mannitol supplementation. Furthermore, the expression of several stress-related genes such as RD29B, SOS1, NXH1, AtRD22, KIN1, COR15A, RD29A, COR47, H+-APase, NADP-ME, NCED3, and P5CS were significantly high in GmMAX2a OX plants after stress treatment compared to WT plants. In conclusion, GmMAX2a improves soybean tolerance towards abiotic stresses (salt, alkali, and drought). Hence, GmMAX2a can be considered a candidate gene for transgenic breeding against various abiotic stresses in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaib-Un Nisa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology IMBB, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Yudan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, People's Republic of China
| | - Naila Ali
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology IMBB, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, People's Republic of China
| | - Legang Jing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hosam O Elansary
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang R, Dong Y, Li Y, Ren G, Chen C, Jin X. SLs signal transduction gene CsMAX2 of cucumber positively regulated to salt, drought and ABA stress in Arabidopsis thaliana L. Gene 2023; 864:147282. [PMID: 36822526 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that strigolactones (SLs) participate in the regulation of stress adaptation, however, the mechanisms remain elusive. MAX2 (MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2) is the key gene in the signal transduction pathway of SLs. This study aimed to clone and functionally characterize the CsMAX2 gene of cucumber in Arabidopsis. The results showed that the expression levels of the CsMAX2 gene changed significantly after salt, drought, and ABA stresses in cucumber. Moreover, the overexpression of CsMAX2 promoted stress tolerance and increased the germination rate and root length of Arabidopsis thaliana. Meanwhile, the content of chlorophyll increased and malondialdehyde decreased in CsMAX2 OE lines under salt and drought stresses. Additionally, the expression levels of stress-related marker genes, especially AREB1 and COR15A, were significantly upregulated under salt stress, while the expression levels of all genes were upregulated under drought stress, except ABI4 and ABI5 genes. The level of NCED3 continued to rise under both salt and drought stresses. In addition, D10 and D27 gene expression level also showed a continuous increase under ABA stress. The result suggested the interaction between SL and ABA in the process of adapting to stress. Overall, CsMAX2 could positively regulate salt, drought, and ABA stress resistance, and this process correlated with ABA transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runming Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanlong Dong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China; Horticulture Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangyue Ren
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoxia Jin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xue G, Hu L, Zhu L, Chen Y, Qiu C, Fan R, Ma X, Cao Z, Chen J, Shi J, Hao Z. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of CCO Gene Family in Liriodendron chinense. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1975. [PMID: 37653892 PMCID: PMC10220847 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoid cleavage oxygenase (CCO) is an enzyme that can catalyze carotenoids to volatile aromatic substances and participate in the biosynthesis of two important phytohormones, i.e., abscisic acid (ABA) and strigolactone (SL). However, the genome-wide identification and analysis of the CCO gene family in the rare and endangered woody plant Liriodendron chinense has not been reported. Here, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the CCO gene family in the L. chinense genome and examined its expression pattern during different developmental processes and in response to various abiotic stresses. A total of 10 LcCCO genes were identified and divided into 6 subfamilies according to the phylogenetic analysis. Subcellular localization prediction showed that most of the LcCCO proteins were located in the cytoplasm. Gene replication analysis showed that segmental and tandem duplication contributed to the expansion of this gene family in the L. chinense genome. Cis-element prediction showed that cis-elements related to plant hormones, stress and light response were widely distributed in the promoter regions of LcCCO genes. Gene expression profile analysis showed that LcNCED3b was extensively involved in somatic embryogenesis, especially the somatic embryo maturation, as well as in response to heat and cold stress in leaves. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis showed that LcNCED3b obviously responded to drought stress in roots and leaves. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the LcCCO gene family and a potential gene target for the optimization of the somatic embryogenesis system and resistance breeding in the valuable forest tree L. chinense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jisen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhaodong Hao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guercio AM, Palayam M, Shabek N. Strigolactones: diversity, perception, and hydrolysis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2023; 22:339-360. [PMID: 37201177 PMCID: PMC10191409 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-023-09853-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a unique and novel class of phytohormones that regulate numerous processes of growth and development in plants. Besides their endogenous functions as hormones, SLs are exuded by plant roots to stimulate critical interactions with symbiotic fungi but can also be exploited by parasitic plants to trigger their seed germination. In the past decade, since their discovery as phytohormones, rapid progress has been made in understanding the SL biosynthesis and signaling pathway. Of particular interest are the diversification of natural SLs and their exact mode of perception, selectivity, and hydrolysis by their dedicated receptors in plants. Here we provide an overview of the emerging field of SL perception with a focus on the diversity of canonical, non-canonical, and synthetic SL probes. Moreover, this review offers useful structural insights into SL perception, the precise molecular adaptations that define receptor-ligand specificities, and the mechanisms of SL hydrolysis and its attenuation by downstream signaling components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelica M Guercio
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Malathy Palayam
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nitzan Shabek
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Quinodoz P, Lumbroso A, Lachia M, Screpanti C, Rendine S, Horoz B, Bozoflu M, Catak S, Fonné‐Pfister R, Hermann K, De Mesmaeker A. Stereoselective Synthesis and Biological Profile of All Stereoisomers of Lactam Analogues of Strigolactones GR24 and GR18. Helv Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202200145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Quinodoz
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG Crop Protection Research Research Chemistry Schaffhauserstrasse 101 CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Lumbroso
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG Crop Protection Research Research Chemistry Schaffhauserstrasse 101 CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Lachia
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG Crop Protection Research Research Chemistry Schaffhauserstrasse 101 CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Claudio Screpanti
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG Crop Protection Research Research Chemistry Schaffhauserstrasse 101 CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Stefano Rendine
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG Crop Protection Research Research Chemistry Schaffhauserstrasse 101 CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Beyza Horoz
- Bogazici University, Department of Chemistry, Bebek 34342 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Mert Bozoflu
- Bogazici University, Department of Chemistry, Bebek 34342 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Saron Catak
- Bogazici University, Department of Chemistry, Bebek 34342 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Raymonde Fonné‐Pfister
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG Crop Protection Research Research Chemistry Schaffhauserstrasse 101 CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Katrin Hermann
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG Crop Protection Research Research Chemistry Schaffhauserstrasse 101 CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Alain De Mesmaeker
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG Crop Protection Research Research Chemistry Schaffhauserstrasse 101 CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Luo L. Is strigolactone signaling a key player in regulating tiller formation in response to nitrogen? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1081740. [PMID: 36589130 PMCID: PMC9800024 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1081740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
|
14
|
Kavi Kishor PB, Tiozon RN, Fernie AR, Sreenivasulu N. Abscisic acid and its role in the modulation of plant growth, development, and yield stability. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:1283-1295. [PMID: 36100537 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is known to confer stress tolerance; however, at elevated levels it impairs plant growth under prolonged stress. Paradoxically, at its basal level, ABA plays many vital roles in promoting plant growth and development, including modulation of tillering, flowering, and seed development, as well as seed maturation. In this review, we provide insight into novel discoveries of ABA fluxes, ABA signaling responses, and their impact on yield stability. We discuss ABA homeostasis implicated under pre- and postanthesis drought and its impact on productive tillers, grain number determination, and seed development to address yield stability in cereal crops while considering the new knowledge that emerged from the model plant systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Polavarapu B Kavi Kishor
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur 522 213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rhowell N Tiozon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Muhlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Muhlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wen S, Tu Z, Wei L, Li H. Liriodendron chinense LcMAX1 regulates primary root growth and shoot branching in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 190:1-10. [PMID: 36084353 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) play prominent roles in regulating shoot branching and root architecture in model plants. However, their roles in non-model (particularly woody) plants remain unclear. Liriodendron chinense is a timber tree species widely planted in southern China. The outturn percentage and wood quality of L. chinense are greatly affected by the branching characteristics of its shoot, and the rooting ability of the cuttings is key for its vegetative propagation. Here, we isolated and analyzed the function of the MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 1 (LcMAX1) gene, which is involved in L. chinense SL biosynthesis. RT-qPCR showed that LcMAX1 was highly expressed in the roots and axillary buds. LcMAX1 was located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and nucleus. LcMAX1 ectopic expression promoted primary root growth, whereas there were no phenotypic differences in shoot branching between transgenic and wild-type (WT) A. thaliana plants. LcMAX1 overexpression in the max1 mutant restored them to the WT A. thaliana phenotypes. Additionally, AtPIN1, AtPIN2, and AtBRC1 expressions were significantly upregulated in transgenic A. thaliana and the max1 mutant. It was therefore speculated that LcMAX1 promotes primary root growth by regulating expression of auxin transport-related genes in A. thaliana, and LcMAX1 inhibits shoot branching by upregulating expression of AtBRC1 in the max1 mutant. Altogether, these results demonstrated that the root development and shoot branching functions of LcMAX1 were similar to those of AtMAX1. Our findings provide a foundation for obtaining further insights into root and branch development in L. chinense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying Wen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Zhonghua Tu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Lingming Wei
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Huogen Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ke D, Guo J, Li K, Wang Y, Han X, Fu W, Miao Y, Jia KP. Carotenoid-derived bioactive metabolites shape plant root architecture to adapt to the rhizospheric environments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:986414. [PMID: 36388571 PMCID: PMC9643742 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.986414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Roots are important plant organs for the uptake of water and nutrient elements. Plant root development is finely regulated by endogenous signals and environmental cues, which shapes the root system architecture to optimize the plant growth and adapt to the rhizospheric environments. Carotenoids are precursors of plant hormones strigolactones (SLs) and ABA, as well as multiple bioactive molecules. Numerous studies have demonstrated SLs and ABA as essential regulators of plant root growth and development. In addition, a lot carotenoid-derived bioactive metabolites are recently identified as plant root growth regulators, such as anchorene, β-cyclocitral, retinal and zaxinone. However, our knowledge on how these metabolites affect the root architecture to cope with various stressors and how they interact with each other during these processes is still quite limited. In the present review, we will briefly introduce the biosynthesis of carotenoid-derived root regulators and elaborate their biological functions on root development and architecture, focusing on their contribution to the rhizospheric environmental adaption of plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danping Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jinggong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaomeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Weiwei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kun-Peng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu Y, Wang X, Lv H, Cao M, Li Y, Yuan X, Zhang X, Guo YD, Zhang N. Anabolism and signaling pathways of phytomelatonin. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5801-5817. [PMID: 35430630 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytomelatonin is a small multifunctional molecule found ubiquitously in plants, which plays an important role in plant growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. The classical biosynthetic and metabolic pathways of phytomelatonin have been elucidated, and uncovering alternative pathways has deepened our understanding of phytomelatonin synthesis. Phytomelatonin functions mainly via two pathways. In the direct pathway, phytomelatonin mediates the stress-induced reactive oxygen species burst through its strong antioxidant capacity. In the indirect pathway, phytomelatonin acts as a signal to activate signaling cascades and crosstalk with other plant hormones. The phytomelatonin receptor PMTR1/CAND2 was discovered in 2018, which enhanced our understanding of phytomelatonin function. This review summarizes the classical and potential pathways involved in phytomelatonin synthesis and metabolism. To elucidate the functions of phytomelatonin, we focus on the crosstalk between phytomelatonin and other phytohormones. We propose two models to explain how PMTR1 transmits the phytomelatonin signal through the G protein and MAPK cascade. This review will facilitate the identification of additional signaling molecules that function downstream of the phytomelatonin signaling pathway, thus improving our understanding of phytomelatonin signal transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongmei Lv
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meng Cao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yongchong Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaowei Yuan
- Huasheng Agriculture Co. Ltd, Qingzhou, Shandong, 262500, China
| | - Xichun Zhang
- School of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Agricultural University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yang-Dong Guo
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Na Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572000, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Arias D, Ortega A, González-Calquin C, Quiroz LF, Moreno-Romero J, Martínez-García JF, Stange C. Development and carotenoid synthesis in dark-grown carrot taproots require PHYTOCHROME RAPIDLY REGULATED1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1450-1465. [PMID: 35266544 PMCID: PMC9237741 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Light stimulates carotenoid synthesis in plants during photomorphogenesis through the expression of PHYTOENE SYNTHASE (PSY), a key gene in carotenoid biosynthesis. The orange carrot (Daucus carota) synthesizes and accumulates high amounts of carotenoids in the taproot that grows underground. Contrary to other organs, light impairs carrot taproot development and represses the expression of carotenogenic genes, such as DcPSY1 and DcPSY2, reducing carotenoid accumulation. By means of RNA sequencing, in a previous analysis, we observed that carrot PHYTOCHROME RAPIDLY REGULATED1 (DcPAR1) is more highly expressed in the underground grown taproot compared with those grown in light. PAR1 is a transcriptional cofactor with a negative role in shade avoidance syndrome regulation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) through the dimerization with PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs), allowing a moderate synthesis of carotenoids. Here, we show that overexpressing AtPAR1 in carrot increases carotenoid production in taproots grown underground as well as DcPSY1 expression. The high expression of AtPAR1 and DcPAR1 led us to hypothesize a functional role of DcPAR1 that was verified through in vivo binding to AtPIF7 and overexpression in Arabidopsis, where AtPSY expression and carotenoid accumulation increased together with a photomorphogenic phenotype. Finally, DcPAR1 antisense carrot lines presented a dramatic decrease in carotenoid levels and in relative expression of key carotenogenic genes as well as impaired taproot development. These results suggest that DcPAR1 is a key factor for secondary root development and carotenoid synthesis in carrot taproot grown underground.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Arias
- Centro de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angélica Ortega
- Centro de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Luis Felipe Quiroz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jordi Moreno-Romero
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Jaime F Martínez-García
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Molecular Regulation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115960. [PMID: 35682640 PMCID: PMC9180548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-microorganism interactions at the rhizosphere level have a major impact on plant growth and plant tolerance and/or resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Of particular importance for forestry and agricultural systems is the cooperative and mutualistic interaction between plant roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi from the phylum Glomeromycotina, since about 80% of terrestrial plant species can form AM symbiosis. The interaction is tightly regulated by both partners at the cellular, molecular and genetic levels, and it is highly dependent on environmental and biological variables. Recent studies have shown how fungal signals and their corresponding host plant receptor-mediated signalling regulate AM symbiosis. Host-generated symbiotic responses have been characterized and the molecular mechanisms enabling the regulation of fungal colonization and symbiosis functionality have been investigated. This review summarizes these and other recent relevant findings focusing on the molecular players and the signalling that regulate AM symbiosis. Future progress and knowledge about the underlying mechanisms for AM symbiosis regulation will be useful to facilitate agro-biotechnological procedures to improve AM colonization and/or efficiency.
Collapse
|
20
|
Huntenburg K, Puértolas J, de Ollas C, Dodd IC. Bi-directional, long-distance hormonal signalling between roots and shoots of soil water availability. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13697. [PMID: 35526211 PMCID: PMC9320954 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
While the importance of plant water relations in determining crop response to soil water availability is difficult to over-emphasise, under many circumstances, plants maintain their leaf water status as the soil dries yet shoot gas exchange and growth is restricted. Such observations lead to development of a paradigm that root-to-shoot signals regulate shoot physiology, and a conceptual framework to test the importance of different signals such as plant hormones in these physiological processes. Nevertheless, shoot-to-root (hormonal) signalling also plays an important role in regulating root growth and function and may dominate when larger quantities of a hormone are produced in the shoots than the roots. Here, we review the evidence for acropetal and basipetal transport of three different plant hormones (abscisic acid, jasmonates, strigolactones) that have antitranspirant effects, to indicate the origin and action of these signalling systems. The physiological importance of each transport pathway likely depends on the specific environmental conditions the plant is exposed to, specifically whether the roots or shoots are the first to lose turgor when exposed to drying soil or elevated atmospheric demand, respectively. All three hormones can interact to influence each other's synthesis, degradation and intracellular signalling to augment or attenuate their physiological impacts, highlighting the complexity of unravelling these signalling systems. Nevertheless, such complexity suggests crop improvement opportunities to select for allelic variation in the genes affecting hormonal regulation, and (in selected crops) to augment root-shoot communication by judicious selection of rootstock-scion combinations to ameliorate abiotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Huntenburg
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
- NIAB AgronomyNIABCambridgeUK
| | - Jaime Puértolas
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
- Department of Botany and Plant Ecology and PhysiologyUniversity of La LagunaSan Cristóbal de La LagunaSpain
| | - Carlos de Ollas
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias del Medio NaturalUniversitat Jaume ICastellonSpain
| | - Ian C. Dodd
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fiorilli V, Forgia M, de Saint Germain A, D’Arrigo G, Cornu D, Le Bris P, Al‐Babili S, Cardinale F, Prandi C, Spyrakis F, Boyer F, Turina M, Lanfranco L. A structural homologue of the plant receptor D14 mediates responses to strigolactones in the fungal phytopathogen Cryphonectria parasitica. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1003-1017. [PMID: 35119708 PMCID: PMC9306968 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones and important signalling molecules required to promote arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. While in plants an α/β-hydrolase, DWARF14 (D14), was shown to act as a receptor that binds and cleaves SLs, the fungal receptor for SLs is unknown. Since AM fungi are currently not genetically tractable, in this study, we used the fungal pathogen Cryphonectria parasitica, for which gene deletion protocols exist, as a model, as we have previously shown that it responds to SLs. By means of computational, biochemical and genetic analyses, we identified a D14 structural homologue, CpD14. Molecular homology modelling and docking support the prediction that CpD14 interacts with and hydrolyses SLs. The recombinant CpD14 protein shows α/β hydrolytic activity in vitro against the SLs synthetic analogue GR24; its enzymatic activity requires an intact Ser/His/Asp catalytic triad. CpD14 expression in the d14-1 loss-of-function Arabidopsis thaliana line did not rescue the plant mutant phenotype. However, gene inactivation by knockout homologous recombination reduced fungal sensitivity to SLs. These results indicate that CpD14 is involved in SLs responses in C. parasitica and strengthen the role of SLs as multifunctional molecules acting in plant-microbe interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fiorilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei SistemiUniversità di TorinoViale P.A. Mattioli 25Torino10125Italy
| | - Marco Forgia
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante – CNRStrada delle Cacce 7310135TorinoItaly
| | | | - Giulia D’Arrigo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del FarmacoUniversità di Torinovia P. Giuria 1110125TorinoItaly
| | - David Cornu
- CEA, CNRSInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)Université Paris‐Saclay1 Avenue de la Terrasse91198Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Philippe Le Bris
- INRAE, AgroParisTechInstitut Jean‐Pierre Bourgin (IJPB)Université Paris‐Saclay78000VersaillesFrance
| | - Salim Al‐Babili
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Francesca Cardinale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e AlimentariUniversità di TorinoLargo Braccini 210095GrugliascoItaly
| | - Cristina Prandi
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità di Torinovia P. Giuria 710125TorinoItaly
| | - Francesca Spyrakis
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del FarmacoUniversità di Torinovia P. Giuria 1110125TorinoItaly
| | - François‐Didier Boyer
- CNRSInstitut de Chimie des Substances NaturellesUPR 2301Université Paris‐Saclay1 Avenue de la Terrasse91198Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Massimo Turina
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante – CNRStrada delle Cacce 7310135TorinoItaly
| | - Luisa Lanfranco
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei SistemiUniversità di TorinoViale P.A. Mattioli 25Torino10125Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jamil F, Mukhtar H, Fouillaud M, Dufossé L. Rhizosphere Signaling: Insights into Plant-Rhizomicrobiome Interactions for Sustainable Agronomy. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050899. [PMID: 35630345 PMCID: PMC9147336 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizospheric plant-microbe interactions have dynamic importance in sustainable agriculture systems that have a reduced reliance on agrochemicals. Rhizosphere signaling focuses on the interactions between plants and the surrounding symbiotic microorganisms that facilitate the development of rhizobiome diversity, which is beneficial for plant productivity. Plant-microbe communication comprises intricate systems that modulate local and systemic defense mechanisms to mitigate environmental stresses. This review deciphers insights into how the exudation of plant secondary metabolites can shape the functions and diversity of the root microbiome. It also elaborates on how rhizosphere interactions influence plant growth, regulate plant immunity against phytopathogens, and prime the plant for protection against biotic and abiotic stresses, along with some recent well-reported examples. A holistic understanding of these interactions can help in the development of tailored microbial inoculants for enhanced plant growth and targeted disease suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Jamil
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Hamid Mukhtar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (M.F.); Tel.: +92-333-424-5581 (H.M.); +262-262-483-363 (M.F.)
| | - Mireille Fouillaud
- CHEMBIOPRO Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de la Réunion, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de La Réunion, France
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (M.F.); Tel.: +92-333-424-5581 (H.M.); +262-262-483-363 (M.F.)
| | - Laurent Dufossé
- CHEMBIOPRO Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels, ESIROI Département Agroalimentaire, Université de la Réunion, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de La Réunion, France;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Song C, Zhao J, Guichard M, Shi D, Grossmann G, Schmitt C, Jouannet V, Greb T. Strigo-D2-a bio-sensor for monitoring spatio-temporal strigolactone signaling patterns in intact plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:97-110. [PMID: 34718781 PMCID: PMC8774841 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of plant hormones that mediate biotic interactions and modulate developmental programs in response to endogenous and exogenous stimuli. However, a comprehensive view on the spatio-temporal pattern of SL signaling has not been established, and tools for a systematic in planta analysis do not exist. Here, we present Strigo-D2, a genetically encoded ratiometric SL signaling sensor that enables the examination of SL signaling distribution at cellular resolution and is capable of rapid response to altered SL levels in intact Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants. By monitoring the abundance of a truncated and fluorescently labeled SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1-LIKE 6 (SMXL6) protein, a proteolytic target of the SL signaling machinery, we show that all cell types investigated have the capacity to respond to changes in SL levels but with very different dynamics. In particular, SL signaling is pronounced in vascular cells but low in guard cells and the meristematic region of the root. We also show that other hormones leave Strigo-D2 activity unchanged, indicating that initial SL signaling steps work in isolation from other hormonal signaling pathways. The specificity and spatio-temporal resolution of Strigo-D2 underline the value of the sensor for monitoring SL signaling in a broad range of biological contexts with highly instructive analytical depth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changzheng Song
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jiao Zhao
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marjorie Guichard
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Cell and Interaction Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dongbo Shi
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Guido Grossmann
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Cell and Interaction Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Schmitt
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Virginie Jouannet
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Greb
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sivaprakasam Padmanaban PB, Rosenkranz M, Zhu P, Kaling M, Schmidt A, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Polle A, Schnitzler JP. Mycorrhiza-Tree-Herbivore Interactions: Alterations in Poplar Metabolome and Volatilome. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020093. [PMID: 35208168 PMCID: PMC8880370 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are continuously interacting with other organisms to optimize their performance in a changing environment. Mycorrhization is known to affect the plant growth and nutrient status, but it also can lead to adjusted plant defense and alter interactions with other trophic levels. Here, we studied the effect of Laccaria bicolor-mycorrhization on the poplar (Populus x canescens) metabolome and volatilome on trees with and without a poplar leaf beetle (Chrysomela populi) infestation. We analyzed the leaf and root metabolomes employing liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the leaf volatilome employing headspace sorptive extraction combined with gas-chromatography–mass spectrometry. Mycorrhization caused distinct metabolic adjustments in roots, young/infested leaves and old/not directly infested leaves. Mycorrhization adjusted the lipid composition, the abundance of peptides and, especially upon herbivory, the level of various phenolic compounds. The greatest change in leaf volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions occurred four to eight days following the beetle infestation. Together, these results prove that mycorrhization affects the whole plant metabolome and may influence poplar aboveground interactions. The herbivores and the mycorrhizal fungi interact with each other indirectly through a common host plant, a result that emphasizes the importance of community approach in chemical ecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasath Balaji Sivaprakasam Padmanaban
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (P.B.S.P.); (P.Z.); (M.K.)
| | - Maaria Rosenkranz
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (P.B.S.P.); (P.Z.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (J.-P.S.); Tel.: +49-89-3187-4469 (M.R.); +49-89-3187-2413 (J.-P.S.)
| | - Peiyuan Zhu
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (P.B.S.P.); (P.Z.); (M.K.)
| | - Moritz Kaling
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (P.B.S.P.); (P.Z.); (M.K.)
| | - Anna Schmidt
- Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (A.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (A.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (P.B.S.P.); (P.Z.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (J.-P.S.); Tel.: +49-89-3187-4469 (M.R.); +49-89-3187-2413 (J.-P.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhou X, Tan Z, Zhou Y, Guo S, Sang T, Wang Y, Shu S. Physiological mechanism of strigolactone enhancing tolerance to low light stress in cucumber seedlings. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:30. [PMID: 35027005 PMCID: PMC8756728 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactone is a newly discovered type of plant hormone that has multiple roles in modulating plant responses to abiotic stress. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effects of exogenous GR24 (a synthetic analogue of strigolactone) on plant growth, photosynthetic characteristics, carbohydrate levels, endogenous strigolactone content and antioxidant metabolism in cucumber seedlings under low light stress. The results showed that the application of 10 μM GR24 can increase the photosynthetic efficiency and plant biomass of low light-stressed cucumber seedlings. GR24 increased the accumulation of carbohydrates and the synthesis of sucrose-related enzyme activities, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and antioxidant substance contents, and reduced the levels of H2O2 and MDA in cucumber seedlings under low light stress. These results indicate that exogenous GR24 might alleviate low light stress-induced growth inhibition by regulating the assimilation of carbon and antioxidants and endogenous strigolactone contents, thereby enhancing the tolerance of cucumber seedlings to low light stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanming Tan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Tarim University, Xinjiang, 843300, China
| | - Yaguang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Shirong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Sang
- Institute of Horticultural Research, NingXia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, YinChuan, 750002, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Luo Z, Janssen BJ, Snowden KC. The molecular and genetic regulation of shoot branching. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1033-1044. [PMID: 33616657 PMCID: PMC8566252 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The architecture of flowering plants exhibits both phenotypic diversity and plasticity, determined, in part, by the number and activity of axillary meristems and, in part, by the growth characteristics of the branches that develop from the axillary buds. The plasticity of shoot branching results from a combination of various intrinsic and genetic elements, such as number and position of nodes and type of growth phase, as well as environmental signals such as nutrient availability, light characteristics, and temperature (Napoli et al., 1998; Bennett and Leyser, 2006; Janssen et al., 2014; Teichmann and Muhr, 2015; Ueda and Yanagisawa, 2019). Axillary meristem initiation and axillary bud outgrowth are controlled by a complex and interconnected regulatory network. Although many of the genes and hormones that modulate branching patterns have been discovered and characterized through genetic and biochemical studies, there are still many gaps in our understanding of the control mechanisms at play. In this review, we will summarize our current knowledge of the control of axillary meristem initiation and outgrowth into a branch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Luo
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Bart J Janssen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
| | - Kimberley C Snowden
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rehman NU, Li X, Zeng P, Guo S, Jan S, Liu Y, Huang Y, Xie Q. Harmony but Not Uniformity: Role of Strigolactone in Plants. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1616. [PMID: 34827614 PMCID: PMC8615677 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) represent an important new plant hormone class marked by their multifunctional roles in plants and rhizosphere interactions, which stimulate hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and seed germination of root parasitic plants. SLs have been broadly implicated in regulating root growth, shoot architecture, leaf senescence, nodulation, and legume-symbionts interaction, as well as a response to various external stimuli, such as abiotic and biotic stresses. These functional properties of SLs enable the genetic engineering of crop plants to improve crop yield and productivity. In this review, the conservation and divergence of SL pathways and its biological processes in multiple plant species have been extensively discussed with a particular emphasis on its interactions with other different phytohormones. These interactions may shed further light on the regulatory networks underlying plant growth, development, and stress responses, ultimately providing certain strategies for promoting crop yield and productivity with the challenges of global climate and environmental changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Peichun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaoying Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Saad Jan
- Agriculture Department, Entomology Section Bacha Khan University, Charsadda 24420, Pakistan;
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Yifeng Huang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310001, China
| | - Qingjun Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (N.U.R.); (X.L.); (P.Z.); (S.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu Y, Wu G, Zhao Y, Wang HH, Dai Z, Xue W, Yang J, Wei H, Shen R, Wang H. DWARF53 interacts with transcription factors UB2/UB3/TSH4 to regulate maize tillering and tassel branching. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:947-962. [PMID: 34608948 PMCID: PMC8491062 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a recently identified class of phytohormones that regulate diverse developmental processes in land plants. However, the signaling mechanism of SLs in maize (Zea mays) remains largely unexplored. Here, we identified the maize gene DWARF 53 (ZmD53) and demonstrated that ZmD53 interacts with the SL receptors DWARF 14A/B (ZmD14A/B) in a rac-GR24-dependent manner. Transgenic maize plants expressing a gain-of-function mutant version of Zmd53 exhibited insensitivity to exogenous rac-GR24 treatment and a highly pleiotropic phenotype, including excess tillering and reduced tassel branching, indicating that ZmD53 functions as an authentic SL signaling repressor in maize. In addition, we showed that ZmD53 interacts with two homologous maize SPL transcription factors, UB3 and TSH4, and suppresses their transcriptional activation activity on TB1 to promote tillering. We also showed that UB2, UB3, and TSH4 can physically interact with each other and themselves, and that they can directly regulate the expression of TSH4, thus forming a positive feedback loop. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ZmD53 can repress the transcriptional activation activity of UB3 and TSH4 on their own promoters, thus decreasing tassel branch number. Our results reveal new insights into the integration of SL signaling and the miR156/SPL molecular module to coordinately regulate maize development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guangxia Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongping Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hu Hailing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhouyan Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weicong Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Juan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongbin Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rongxin Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Author for communication:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Salvi P, Manna M, Kaur H, Thakur T, Gandass N, Bhatt D, Muthamilarasan M. Phytohormone signaling and crosstalk in regulating drought stress response in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1305-1329. [PMID: 33751168 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are ubiquitously involved in plant biological processes and regulate cellular signaling pertaining to unheralded environmental cues, such as salinity, drought, extreme temperature and nutrient deprivation. The association of phytohormones to nearly all the fundamental biological processes epitomizes the phytohormone syndicate as a candidate target for consideration during engineering stress endurance in agronomically important crops. The drought stress response is essentially driven by phytohormones and their intricate network of crosstalk, which leads to transcriptional reprogramming. This review is focused on the pivotal role of phytohormones in water deficit responses, including their manipulation for mitigating the effect of the stressor. We have also discussed the inherent complexity of existing crosstalk accrued among them during the progression of drought stress, which instigates the tolerance response. Therefore, in this review, we have highlighted the role and regulatory aspects of various phytohormones, namely abscisic acid, auxin, gibberellic acid, cytokinin, brassinosteroid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, ethylene and strigolactone, with emphasis on drought stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prafull Salvi
- DST-INSPIRE Faculty, Agriculture Biotechnology Department, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 140308, Punjab, India.
| | - Mrinalini Manna
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Harmeet Kaur
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanika Thakur
- DST-INSPIRE Faculty, Agriculture Biotechnology Department, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 140308, Punjab, India
| | - Nishu Gandass
- DST-INSPIRE Faculty, Agriculture Biotechnology Department, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 140308, Punjab, India
| | - Deepesh Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Shree Ramkrishna Institute of Computer Education and Applied Sciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Mehanathan Muthamilarasan
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Strigolactones, from Plants to Human Health: Achievements and Challenges. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154579. [PMID: 34361731 PMCID: PMC8348160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of sesquiterpenoid plant hormones that play a role in the response of plants to various biotic and abiotic stresses. When released into the rhizosphere, they are perceived by both beneficial symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi and parasitic plants. Due to their multiple roles, SLs are potentially interesting agricultural targets. Indeed, the use of SLs as agrochemicals can favor sustainable agriculture via multiple mechanisms, including shaping root architecture, promoting ideal branching, stimulating nutrient assimilation, controlling parasitic weeds, mitigating drought and enhancing mycorrhization. Moreover, over the last few years, a number of studies have shed light onto the effects exerted by SLs on human cells and on their possible applications in medicine. For example, SLs have been demonstrated to play a key role in the control of pathways related to apoptosis and inflammation. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms behind their action has inspired further investigations into their effects on human cells and their possible uses as anti-cancer and antimicrobial agents.
Collapse
|
31
|
Zagorchev L, Stöggl W, Teofanova D, Li J, Kranner I. Plant Parasites under Pressure: Effects of Abiotic Stress on the Interactions between Parasitic Plants and Their Hosts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7418. [PMID: 34299036 PMCID: PMC8304456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic angiosperms, comprising a diverse group of flowering plants, are partially or fully dependent on their hosts to acquire water, mineral nutrients and organic compounds. Some have detrimental effects on agriculturally important crop plants. They are also intriguing model systems to study adaptive mechanisms required for the transition from an autotrophic to a heterotrophic metabolism. No less than any other plant, parasitic plants are affected by abiotic stress factors such as drought and changes in temperature, saline soils or contamination with metals or herbicides. These effects may be attributed to the direct influence of the stress, but also to diminished host availability and suitability. Although several studies on abiotic stress response of parasitic plants are available, still little is known about how abiotic factors affect host preferences, defense mechanisms of both hosts and parasites and the effects of combinations of abiotic and biotic stress experienced by the host plants. The latter effects are of specific interest as parasitic plants pose additional pressure on contemporary agriculture in times of climate change. This review summarizes the existing literature on abiotic stress response of parasitic plants, highlighting knowledge gaps and discussing perspectives for future research and potential agricultural applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyuben Zagorchev
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China;
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Wolfgang Stöggl
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (W.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Denitsa Teofanova
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Junmin Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China;
| | - Ilse Kranner
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (W.S.); (I.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Krasylenko Y, Komis G, Hlynska S, Vavrdová T, Ovečka M, Pospíšil T, Šamaj J. GR24, A Synthetic Strigolactone Analog, and Light Affect the Organization of Cortical Microtubules in Arabidopsis Hypocotyl Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:675981. [PMID: 34305975 PMCID: PMC8293678 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.675981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are plant hormones regulating cytoskeleton-mediated developmental events in roots, such as lateral root formation and elongation of root hairs and hypocotyls. The latter process was addressed herein by the exogenous application of a synthetic strigolactone, GR24, and an inhibitor of strigolactone biosynthesis, TIS108, on hypocotyls of wild-type Arabidopsis and a strigolactone signaling mutant max2-1 (more axillary growth 2-1). Owing to the interdependence between light and strigolactone signaling, the present work was extended to seedlings grown under a standard light/dark regime, or under continuous darkness. Given the essential role of the cortical microtubules in cell elongation, their organization and dynamics were characterized under the conditions of altered strigolactone signaling using fluorescence microscopy methods with different spatiotemporal capacities, such as confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and structured illumination microscopy (SIM). It was found that GR24-dependent inhibition of hypocotyl elongation correlated with changes in cortical microtubule organization and dynamics, observed in living wild-type and max2-1 seedlings stably expressing genetically encoded fluorescent molecular markers for microtubules. Quantitative assessment of microscopic datasets revealed that chemical and/or genetic manipulation of strigolactone signaling affected microtubule remodeling, especially under light conditions. The application of GR24 in dark conditions partially alleviated cytoskeletal rearrangement, suggesting a new mechanistic connection between cytoskeletal behavior and the light-dependence of strigolactone signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Krasylenko
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - George Komis
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Sofiia Hlynska
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Tereza Vavrdová
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Pospíšil
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Molecular mechanism of lateral bud differentiation of Pinus massoniana based on high-throughput sequencing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9033. [PMID: 33907200 PMCID: PMC8079368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87787-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Knot-free timber cultivation is an important goal of forest breeding, and lateral shoots affect yield and stem shape of tree. The purpose of this study was to analyze the molecular mechanism of lateral bud development by removing the apical dominance of Pinus massoniana young seedlings through transcriptome sequencing and identify key genes involved in lateral bud development. We analyzed hormone contents and transcriptome data for removal of apical dominant of lateral buds as well as apical and lateral buds of normal development ones. Data were analyzed using an comprehensive approach of pathway- and gene-set enrichment analysis, Mapman visualization tool, and gene expression analysis. Our results showed that the contents of auxin (IAA), Zea and strigolactone (SL) in lateral buds significantly increased after removal of apical dominance, while abscisic acid (ABA) decreased. Gibberellin (GA) metabolism, cytokinin (CK), jasmonic acid, zeatin pathway-related genes positively regulated lateral bud development, ABA metabolism-related genes basically negatively regulated lateral bud differentiation, auxin, ethylene, SLs were positive and negative regulation, while only A small number of genes of SA and BRASSINOSTEROID, such as TGA and TCH4, were involved in lateral bud development. In addition, it was speculated that transcription factors such as WRKY, TCP, MYB, HSP, AuxIAA, and AP2 played important roles in the development of lateral buds. In summary, our results provided a better understanding of lateral bud differentiation and lateral shoot formation of P. massoniana from transcriptome level. It provided a basis for molecular characteristics of side branch formation of other timber forests, and contributed to knot-free breeding of forest trees.
Collapse
|
34
|
Casadesús A, Munné-Bosch S. Holoparasitic plant-host interactions and their impact on Mediterranean ecosystems. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1325-1338. [PMID: 35237829 PMCID: PMC8133675 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although photosynthesis is essential to sustain life on Earth, not all plants use sunlight to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide and water. Holoparasitic plants, which are important in agricultural and natural ecosystems, are dependent on other plants for nutrients. Phytohormones are crucial in holoparasitic plant-host interactions, from seed germination to senescence, not only because they act as growth and developmental regulators, but also because of their central role in the regulation of host photosynthesis and source-sink relations between the host and the holoparasitic plant. Here, we compile and discuss current knowledge on the impact and ecophysiology of holoparasitic plants (such as the broomrapes Orobanche sp. and Phelipanche sp.) that infest economically important dicotyledonous crops in Mediterranean agroecosystems (legumes [Fabaceae], sunflowers [Helianthus sp.], or tomato [Solanum lycopersicum] plants). We also highlight the role of holoparasitic plant-host interactions (such as those between Cytinus hypocistis and various shrubs of the genus Cistus) in shaping natural Mediterranean ecosystems. The roles of phytohormones in controlling plant-host interactions, abiotic factors in parasitism, and the biological significance of natural seed banks and how dormancy and germination are regulated, will all be discussed. Holoparasitic plants are unique organisms; improving our understanding of their interaction with hosts as study models will help us to better manage parasitic plants, both in agricultural and natural ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Casadesús
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute in Biodiversity (IrBio), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute in Biodiversity (IrBio), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kalia VC, Gong C, Patel SKS, Lee JK. Regulation of Plant Mineral Nutrition by Signal Molecules. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040774. [PMID: 33917219 PMCID: PMC8068062 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes operate their metabolic activities at a unicellular level. However, it has been revealed that a few metabolic activities only prove beneficial to microbes if operated at high cell densities. These cell density-dependent activities termed quorum sensing (QS) operate through specific chemical signals. In Gram-negative bacteria, the most widely reported QS signals are acylhomoserine lactones. In contrast, a novel QS-like system has been elucidated, regulating communication between microbes and plants through strigolactones. These systems regulate bioprocesses, which affect the health of plants, animals, and human beings. This mini-review presents recent developments in the QS and QS-like signal molecules in promoting plant health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Chandra Kalia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (V.C.K.); (S.K.S.P.)
| | - Chunjie Gong
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China;
| | - Sanjay K. S. Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (V.C.K.); (S.K.S.P.)
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (V.C.K.); (S.K.S.P.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Changenet V, Macadré C, Boutet-Mercey S, Magne K, Januario M, Dalmais M, Bendahmane A, Mouille G, Dufresne M. Overexpression of a Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase Involved in Orobanchol Biosynthesis Increases Susceptibility to Fusarium Head Blight. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:662025. [PMID: 33868356 PMCID: PMC8048717 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.662025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is a cereal disease caused primarily by the ascomycete fungus Fusarium graminearum with public health issues due to the production of mycotoxins including deoxynivalenol (DON). Genetic resistance is an efficient protection means and numerous quantitative trait loci have been identified, some of them related to the production of resistance metabolites. In this study, we have functionally characterized the Brachypodium distachyon BdCYP711A29 gene encoding a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP). We showed that BdCYP711A29 belongs to an oligogenic family of five members. However, following infection by F. graminearum, BdCYP711A29 is the only copy strongly transcriptionally induced in a DON-dependent manner. The BdCYP711A29 protein is homologous to the Arabidopsis thaliana MAX1 and Oryza sativa MAX1-like CYPs representing key components of the strigolactone biosynthesis. We show that BdCYP711A29 is likely involved in orobanchol biosynthesis. Alteration of the BdCYP711A29 sequence or expression alone does not modify plant architecture, most likely because of functional redundancy with the other copies. B. distachyon lines overexpressing BdCYP711A29 exhibit an increased susceptibility to F. graminearum, although no significant changes in defense gene expression were detected. We demonstrate that both orobanchol and exudates of Bd711A29 overexpressing lines stimulate the germination of F. graminearum macroconidia. We therefore hypothesize that orobanchol is a susceptibility factor to FHB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Changenet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Catherine Macadré
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Stéphanie Boutet-Mercey
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Kévin Magne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Mélanie Januario
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Marion Dalmais
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Grégory Mouille
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Marie Dufresne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Arabidopsis SMAX1 overaccumulation suppresses rosette shoot branching and promotes leaf and petiole elongation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 553:44-50. [PMID: 33756344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
ARABIDOPSIS SMAX1/SMXL (SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1/SMAX1-LIKE) proteins function as transcriptional repressors in karrikin and strigolactone (SL) signaling pathways and regulate plant architecture. MAX2 is a common factor in the two signaling pathways and a component of the SCF complex that modulates the proteasome-mediated degradation of SMAX1/SMXLs. SMXL6, 7, and 8 proteins promote shoot branching and inhibit petiole elongation. Our study found that the accumulation of SMAX1 suppresses rosette shoot branching and increases cauline branches on the primary inflorescence stem, plant height, petiole length, and leaf length/width ratio. The SMAX1 accumulation enhances the expression of BRC1, HB53, HB40, and HB21 that modulate shoot branching. SMAX1 also regulates the expression of the genes involved in auxin transport, cytokinin signaling pathway, and SL biosynthesis. The expression analyses of these genes suggest that excessive SMAX1 should accelerate the transport of auxin and the biosynthesis of SL in plants. High SL concentration suppresses the bud development in smax1D mutant that accumulates SMAX1 protein in plant. However, the effects of cytokinin and auxin on shoot branching remain elusive in the mutant with excessive SMAX1. SMAX1 regulates leaf shape and petiole length via modulating TCP1 expression. Our findings reveal a novel function of SMAX1 and new mechanism of shoot branching.
Collapse
|
38
|
Oláh D, Molnár Á, Soós V, Kolbert Z. Nitric oxide is associated with strigolactone and karrikin signal transduction in Arabidopsis roots. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1868148. [PMID: 33446007 PMCID: PMC7889083 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1868148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Oláh
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- CONTACT Dóra Oláh Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Árpád Molnár
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Vilmos Soós
- Agricultural Institute, Center for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Singh U, Akhtar O, Mishra R, Zoomi I, Kehri HK, Pandey D. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Biodiversity, Interaction with Plants, and Potential Applications. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67561-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
40
|
Role of Useful Fungi in Agriculture Sustainability. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60659-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
41
|
Bauer B, von Wirén N. Modulating tiller formation in cereal crops by the signalling function of fertilizer nitrogen forms. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20504. [PMID: 33239682 PMCID: PMC7689482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77467-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereal crop yield comprises interrelated components, among which the number of tillers is highly responsive to nitrogen fertilization. We addressed the hypothesis of whether the supply of different nitrogen forms can be employed to manipulate the tiller number in cereal crops. Relative to urea or ammonium, exclusive supply of nitrate increased tiller number in hydroponically-grown barley plants. Thereby, tiller number correlated positively with the root-to-shoot translocation rate of endogenous cytokinins. External supply of a synthetic cytokinin analog further stimulated tillering in nitrate-containing but not in urea-containing nutrient solution. When the cytokinin analog 6-benzylaminopurine riboside was externally supplied to roots, its translocation to shoots was 2.5 times higher in presence of nitrate than in presence of urea or ammonium, suggesting that cytokinin loading into the xylem is affected by different nitrogen forms. We then translated this finding to field scale, cultivated winter wheat in four environments, and confirmed that nitrate fertilization significantly increased tiller number in a dose-dependent manner. As assessed in 22 winter wheat cultivars, nitrogen form-dependent tiller formation was subject to substantial genotypic variation. We conclude that cytokinin-mediated signaling effects of fertilizer nitrogen forms can be employed as a management tool to regulate the tiller number in cereal crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Bauer
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany.,Crop Production and Crop Protection, Institute of Biomass Research, University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Markgrafenstrasse 16, 91746, Weidenbach, Germany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Marzec M, Situmorang A, Brewer PB, Brąszewska A. Diverse Roles of MAX1 Homologues in Rice. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1348. [PMID: 33202900 PMCID: PMC7709044 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes encoded by MORE AXILLARY GROWTH1 (MAX1)-like genes produce most of the structural diversity of strigolactones during the final steps of strigolactone biosynthesis. The diverse copies of MAX1 in Oryza sativa provide a resource to investigate why plants produce such a wide range of strigolactones. Here we performed in silico analyses of transcription factors and microRNAs that may regulate each rice MAX1, and compared the results with available data about MAX1 expression profiles and genes co-expressed with MAX1 genes. Data suggest that distinct mechanisms regulate the expression of each MAX1. Moreover, there may be novel functions for MAX1 homologues, such as the regulation of flower development or responses to heavy metals. In addition, individual MAX1s could be involved in specific functions, such as the regulation of seed development or wax synthesis in rice. Our analysis reveals potential new avenues of strigolactone research that may otherwise not be obvious.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Marzec
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Apriadi Situmorang
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; (A.S.); (P.B.B.)
| | - Philip B. Brewer
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; (A.S.); (P.B.B.)
| | - Agnieszka Brąszewska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chen Y, Dan Z, Li S. Rice GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR 7 controls tiller number by regulating strigolactone synthesis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1804685. [PMID: 32780621 PMCID: PMC7588192 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1804685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As an important transcription factor family, GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORs (GRFs) are involved in central development processes, including growth regulation, insect and disease resistance, and stress response. The OsGRF7 has recently been shown involving in modulating leaf angle through regulating GA and IAA metabolism. Interestingly, we found that OsGRF7 negatively regulates the tiller number. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of OsGRF7 underlying the tiller number determination are still not understood. Here, we report that OsGRF7 directly targets the promoter of the NODULATION SIGNALING PATHWAY2 (OsNSP2), a key factor involving in the strigolactone synthesis. Correspondingly, OsGRF7 alters the expression level of OsNSP2 and the endogenous strigolactone content, which rendered repression of the outgrowth of the axillary buds. These findings unveil a novel function of OsGRF7 in rice tillering determination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwu Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rezaei Ghaleh Z, Sarmast MK, Atashi S. 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA) ameliorates drought stress response in tall fescue via the influencing of biochemicals and strigolactone-signaling genes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:877-887. [PMID: 32905982 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major agricultural and societal concern that causes farmers worldwide billions of dollars in annual losses. By revealing the as-of-yet unknown details of the biochemical and phytohormonal crosstalk occurring in drought-stressed plants, novel strategies can be pioneered to enhance drought tolerance in crop plants. Toward this goal, exogenous treatments containing the synthetic cytokinin 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA) were applied to the perennial monocot grass Festuca arundinacea (Tall Fescue). These plants were subjected to three irrigation levels: 100% ± 5%, 50% ± 5%, and 25% ± 5% of field capacity, at which a number of morpho-physiological and biochemical responses were evaluated. Furthermore, to elucidate the crosstalk between cytokinin (CK) and strigolactone (SL), we evaluated the activities of several SL-responsive genes. Drought conditions were shown to have widespread effects on morpho-physiological and biochemical indices. However, foliar application of 6-BA on tall fescue largely ameliorated drought stress symptoms. Water-soluble carbohydrates also declined significantly in response to CK over the course of drought progression, with virtually no change to starch content. Severe drought stress also upregulated a number of SL-response genes in the leaves of plants, indicating a correlation between the degree of drought severity and the quantity of SLs in tall fescue. Furthermore, the drought‒mediated induction of SL-signaling genes (including FaD14 and FaMax2) was inhibited in response to exogenous application of 6-BA, implying that 6-BA is a drought-dependent suppressor of SL-signaling genes. However, our results also hint at the existence of an as-of-yet poorly-characterized system of complex phytohormonal responses coordinated from multiple signaling pathways in response to drought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rezaei Ghaleh
- Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (GUASNR), Gorgan, 49138-43464, Golestan, Iran
| | - Mostafa K Sarmast
- Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (GUASNR), Gorgan, 49138-43464, Golestan, Iran.
| | - Sadegh Atashi
- Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (GUASNR), Gorgan, 49138-43464, Golestan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Qiao Y, Lu W, Wang R, Nisa ZU, Yu Y, Jin X, Yu L, Chen C. Identification and Expression Analysis of Strigolactone Biosynthetic and Signaling Genes in Response to Salt and Alkaline Stresses in Soybean ( Glycine max). DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:1850-1861. [PMID: 32790504 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are the major plant hormones that play important roles in regulating organ development and environmental stress tolerance in plants. Even though the SL-related genes have been identified and well characterized in some plants, the information of SL-related genes in soybean is not fully established yet, especially in response to salt and alkaline stresses. In this study, we identified nine SL biosynthetic genes that include two D27, two CCD7, two CCD8, and three MAX1, as well as seven SL signaling genes that comprised two D14, two MAX2, and three D53 in the soybean genome. We found that SL biosynthetic and signaling genes are evolutionary conserved among different species. Syntenic analysis of these genes revealed their location on nine chromosomes as well as the presence of 10 pairs of duplication genes. Moreover, plant hormone and stress-responsive elements were identified in the promoter regions of SL biosynthetic and signaling genes. By using reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR, we confirmed that SL genes have different tissue expressions in roots, stems, and leaves. The expression profile of SL biosynthetic and signaling genes under salt and alkaline stresses further confirmed the regulatory roles of SL biosynthetic and signaling genes under stress. In conclusion, we identified and provided valuable information on the soybean SL biosynthetic and signaling genes, and established a foundation for further functional analysis of soybean SL-related genes in response to salt and alkaline stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Qiao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Wenxiu Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Zaib Un Nisa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Jin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lacchini E, Goossens A. Combinatorial Control of Plant Specialized Metabolism: Mechanisms, Functions, and Consequences. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2020; 36:291-313. [PMID: 32559387 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-011620-031429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Plants constantly perceive internal and external cues, many of which they need to address to safeguard their proper development and survival. They respond to these cues by selective activation of specific metabolic pathways involving a plethora of molecular players that act and interact in complex networks. In this review, we illustrate and discuss the complexity in the combinatorial control of plant specialized metabolism. We hereby go beyond the intuitive concept of combinatorial control as exerted by modular-acting complexes of transcription factors that govern expression of specialized metabolism genes. To extend this discussion, we also consider all known hierarchical levels of regulation of plant specialized metabolism and their interfaces by referring to reported regulatory concepts from the plant field. Finally, we speculate on possible yet-to-be-discovered regulatory principles of plant specialized metabolism that are inspired by knowledge from other kingdoms of life and areas of biological research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elia Lacchini
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; , .,Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; , .,Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bukhat S, Imran A, Javaid S, Shahid M, Majeed A, Naqqash T. Communication of plants with microbial world: Exploring the regulatory networks for PGPR mediated defense signaling. Microbiol Res 2020; 238:126486. [PMID: 32464574 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural manipulation of potentially beneficial rhizosphere microbes is increasing rapidly due to their multi-functional plant-protective and growth related benefits. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are mostly non-pathogenic microbes which exert direct benefits on plants while there are rhizosphere bacteria which indirectly help plant by ameliorating the biotic and/or abiotic stress or induction of defense response in plant. Regulation of these direct or indirect effect takes place via highly specialized communication system induced at multiple levels of interaction i.e., inter-species, intra-species, and inter-kingdom. Studies have provided insights into the functioning of signaling molecules involved in communication and induction of defense responses. Activation of host immune responses upon bacterial infection or rhizobacteria perception requires comprehensive and precise gene expression reprogramming and communication between hosts and microbes. Majority of studies have focused on signaling of host pattern recognition receptors (PRR) and nod-like receptor (NLR) and microbial effector proteins under mining the role of other components such as mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), microRNA, histone deacytylases. The later ones are important regulators of gene expression reprogramming in plant immune responses, pathogen virulence and communications in plant-microbe interactions. During the past decade, inoculation of PGPR has emerged as potential strategy to induce biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plants; hence, it is imperative to expose the basis of these interactions. This review discusses microbes and plants derived signaling molecules for their communication, regulatory and signaling networks of PGPR and their different products that are involved in inducing resistance and tolerance in plants against environmental stresses and the effect of defense signaling on root microbiome. We expect that it will lead to the development and exploitation of beneficial microbes as source of crop biofertilizers in climate changing scenario enabling more sustainable agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherien Bukhat
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800 Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Asma Imran
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shaista Javaid
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore Main Campus, Defense road, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Afshan Majeed
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, The University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.
| | - Tahir Naqqash
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800 Multan, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mapelli-Brahm P, Barba FJ, Remize F, Garcia C, Fessard A, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Sant'Ana AS, Lorenzo JM, Montesano D, Meléndez-Martínez AJ. The impact of fermentation processes on the production, retention and bioavailability of carotenoids: An overview. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
49
|
Okutani F, Hamamoto S, Aoki Y, Nakayasu M, Nihei N, Nishimura T, Yazaki K, Sugiyama A. Rhizosphere modelling reveals spatiotemporal distribution of daidzein shaping soybean rhizosphere bacterial community. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:1036-1046. [PMID: 31875335 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots nurture a wide variety of microbes via exudation of metabolites, shaping the rhizosphere's microbial community. Despite the importance of plant specialized metabolites in the assemblage and function of microbial communities in the rhizosphere, little is known of how far the effects of these metabolites extend through the soil. We employed a fluid model to simulate the spatiotemporal distribution of daidzein, an isoflavone secreted from soybean roots, and validated using soybeans grown in a rhizobox. We then analysed how daidzein affects bacterial communities using soils artificially treated with daidzein. Simulation of daidzein distribution showed that it was only present within a few millimetres of root surfaces. After 14 days in a rhizobox, daidzein was only present within 2 mm of root surfaces. Soils with different concentrations of daidzein showed different community composition, with reduced α-diversity in daidzein-treated soils. Bacterial communities of daidzein-treated soils were closer to those of the soybean rhizosphere than those of bulk soils. This study highlighted the limited distribution of daidzein within a few millimetres of root surfaces and demonstrated a novel role of daidzein in assembling bacterial communities in the rhizosphere by acting as more of a repellant than an attractant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuki Okutani
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Hamamoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Aoki
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masaru Nakayasu
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Naoto Nihei
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Nishimura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yazaki
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Akifumi Sugiyama
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bazhenov M, Chernook A, Kroupin P, Karlov G, Divashuk M. Molecular Characterization of the Dwarf53 Gene Homolog in Dasypyrum villosum. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9020186. [PMID: 32028730 PMCID: PMC7076371 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Dwarf53 (D53) gene, first studied in rice, encodes a protein that acts as a repressor of the physiological response of plants to strigolactones—substances that regulate the activity of axillary buds, stem growth, branching of roots and other physiological processes. In this work, we isolated and sequenced the homolog of the D53 gene in several accessions of the wild grass Dasypyrum villosum of different geographical origins, resulting in the discovery of large allelic variety. A molecular marker was also created that allows us to differentiate the D. villosum D53 gene from common wheat genes. Using this marker and monosomic addition, substitution and translocation wheat lines carrying the known D. villosum chromosomes, the D53 gene was localized on the long arm of the 5V chromosome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Bazhenov
- Laboratory of Applied Genomics and Crop Breeding, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya street, 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (A.C.); (P.K.); (G.K.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anastasiya Chernook
- Laboratory of Applied Genomics and Crop Breeding, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya street, 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (A.C.); (P.K.); (G.K.); (M.D.)
- Kurchatov Genomics Center of All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya str. 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Kroupin
- Laboratory of Applied Genomics and Crop Breeding, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya street, 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (A.C.); (P.K.); (G.K.); (M.D.)
- Kurchatov Genomics Center of All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya str. 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady Karlov
- Laboratory of Applied Genomics and Crop Breeding, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya street, 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (A.C.); (P.K.); (G.K.); (M.D.)
| | - Mikhail Divashuk
- Laboratory of Applied Genomics and Crop Breeding, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya street, 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (A.C.); (P.K.); (G.K.); (M.D.)
| |
Collapse
|