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Poto R, Marone G, Galli SJ, Varricchi G. Mast cells: a novel therapeutic avenue for cardiovascular diseases? Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:681-698. [PMID: 38630620 PMCID: PMC11135650 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are tissue-resident immune cells strategically located in different compartments of the normal human heart (the myocardium, pericardium, aortic valve, and close to nerves) as well as in atherosclerotic plaques. Cardiac mast cells produce a broad spectrum of vasoactive and proinflammatory mediators, which have potential roles in inflammation, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, tissue remodelling, and fibrosis. Mast cells release preformed mediators (e.g. histamine, tryptase, and chymase) and de novo synthesized mediators (e.g. cysteinyl leukotriene C4 and prostaglandin D2), as well as cytokines and chemokines, which can activate different resident immune cells (e.g. macrophages) and structural cells (e.g. fibroblasts and endothelial cells) in the human heart and aorta. The transcriptional profiles of various mast cell populations highlight their potential heterogeneity and distinct gene and proteome expression. Mast cell plasticity and heterogeneity enable these cells the potential for performing different, even opposite, functions in response to changing tissue contexts. Human cardiac mast cells display significant differences compared with mast cells isolated from other organs. These characteristics make cardiac mast cells intriguing, given their dichotomous potential roles of inducing or protecting against cardiovascular diseases. Identification of cardiac mast cell subpopulations represents a prerequisite for understanding their potential multifaceted roles in health and disease. Several new drugs specifically targeting human mast cell activation are under development or in clinical trials. Mast cells and/or their subpopulations can potentially represent novel therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology ‘G. Salvatore’, National Research Council (CNR), Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Department of Pathology and the Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology ‘G. Salvatore’, National Research Council (CNR), Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
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Mamazhakypov A, Maripov A, Sarybaev AS, Schermuly RT, Sydykov A. Mast Cells in Cardiac Remodeling: Focus on the Right Ventricle. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:54. [PMID: 38392268 PMCID: PMC10889421 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In response to various stressors, cardiac chambers undergo structural remodeling. Long-term exposure of the right ventricle (RV) to pressure or volume overload leads to its maladaptive remodeling, associated with RV failure and increased mortality. While left ventricular adverse remodeling is well understood and therapeutic options are available or emerging, RV remodeling remains underexplored, and no specific therapies are currently available. Accumulating evidence implicates the role of mast cells in RV remodeling. Mast cells produce and release numerous inflammatory mediators, growth factors and proteases that can adversely affect cardiac cells, thus contributing to cardiac remodeling. Recent experimental findings suggest that mast cells might represent a potential therapeutic target. This review examines the role of mast cells in cardiac remodeling, with a specific focus on RV remodeling, and explores the potential efficacy of therapeutic interventions targeting mast cells to mitigate adverse RV remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argen Mamazhakypov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Abdirashit Maripov
- Department of Mountain and Sleep Medicine and Pulmonary Hypertension, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Akpay S Sarybaev
- Department of Mountain and Sleep Medicine and Pulmonary Hypertension, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Akylbek Sydykov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Sikking MA, Stroeks SL, Marelli-Berg F, Heymans SR, Ludewig B, Verdonschot JA. Immunomodulation of Myocardial Fibrosis. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:1477-1488. [PMID: 38093747 PMCID: PMC10714184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a potential cornerstone in the treatment of myocardial fibrosis. During a myocardial insult or heart failure, danger signals stimulate innate immune cells to produce chemokines and profibrotic cytokines, which initiate self-escalating inflammatory processes by attracting and stimulating adaptive immune cells. Stimulation of fibroblasts by inflammatory processes and the need to replace damaged cardiomyocytes fosters reshaping of the cardiac fibroblast landscape. In this review, we discuss new immunomodulatory strategies that manipulate and direct cardiac fibroblast activation and differentiation. In particular, we highlight immunomodulatory strategies that target fibroblasts such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells, interleukin-11, and invariant natural killer T-cells. Moreover, we discuss the potential of manipulating both innate and adaptive immune system components for the translation into clinical validation. Clearly, multiple pathways should be considered to develop innovative approaches to ameliorate myocardial fibrosis and hence to reduce the risk of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurits A. Sikking
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie L.V.M. Stroeks
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Federica Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephane R.B. Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Job A.J. Verdonschot
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Pereira TCR, Fidale TM, Guimarães LC, Deconte SR, Herrera GC, Mundim AV, de Sales Cabral E, Lopes PR, de Souza FR, de Ulhôa Rocha Júnior LD, Silva ATF, Resende ES. Cardioprotective Effects of the 4-Week Aerobic Running Exercises Before Treatment with Doxorubicin in Rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2023; 23:265-277. [PMID: 37402033 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-023-09798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin is associated with cardiotoxicity, and physical exercise seeks to minimize the toxic effects of doxorubicin through physiological cardiac remodeling, as well as the reduction of oxidative stress, evidenced by previous studies. This study aimed to analyze whether running training before treatment with doxorubicin influences tolerance to physical exertion and cardiotoxicity. Thirty-nine male Wistar rats, aged 90 days and weighing between 250 and 300 g, were divided into 4 groups: Control (C), Doxorubicin (D), Trained (T), and Trained + Doxorubicin (TD). Animals in groups T and DT were submitted to treadmill running for 3 weeks, 5 times a week at 18 m/min for 20-30 min before treatment with doxorubicin. Animals in groups D and DT received intraperitoneal injections of doxorubicin hydrochloride three times a week for two weeks, reaching a total cumulative dose of 7.50 mg/kg. Our results show an increase in total collagen fibers in the D group (p = 0.01), but no increase in the TD group, in addition to the attenuation of the number of cardiac mast cells in the animals in the TD group (p = 0.05). The animals in the TD group showed maintenance of tolerance to exertion compared to group D. Therefore, running training attenuated the cardiac damage caused by the treatment with doxorubicin, in addition to maintaining the tolerance to exertion in the rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Cristina Rodrigues Pereira
- Experimental Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia-UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
- , Uberlândia, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Montes Fidale
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Catalão- UFCAT, Catalão-Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lucas Costa Guimarães
- Experimental Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia-UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Simone Ramos Deconte
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia-UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eduardo de Sales Cabral
- Experimental Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia-UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Lopes
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry-FOAr, Paulista State University "Julio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rodrigues de Souza
- Experimental Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia-UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Alinne Tatiane Faria Silva
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia-UFU, Prof. Dr, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Elmiro Santos Resende
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences-PPGCS, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia-UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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Luo Y, Zhang H, Yu J, Wei L, Li M, Xu W. Stem cell factor/mast cell/CCL2/monocyte/macrophage axis promotes Coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis and cardiac fibrosis by increasing Ly6C high monocyte influx and fibrogenic mediators production. Immunology 2022; 167:590-605. [PMID: 36054617 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs), central players in allergy and parasitic infections, play key roles in inflammation and fibrosis. Here, the impact of MCs on the progression of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced viral myocarditis (VMC) and fibrosis was investigated using MC-deficient KitW-sh mice. Viral titres, cellular infiltrates and heart pathologies were evaluated and compared with wild-type (WT) mice during acute CVB3 infection of C57BL/6 mice. CVB3 infection induced an increased accumulation and degranulation of MCs in the hearts of mice during acute infection. MC-deficient KitW-sh mice had slightly higher viral titres, decreased VMC and cardiac fibrosis and improved cardiac dysfunction compared to WT mice via decreasing cardiac influx of Ly6Chigh monocytes/macrophages (Mo/Mφ). While bone marrow-derived MC reconstitution decreased viral titre and worsened improved survival and VMC severity in Wsh mice. MC-fibroblasts co-culture revealed a cardiac MC-fibroblasts crosstalk during early infection: fibroblasts trigger MC degranulation and secretion of CCL2 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) via producing early stem cell factor (SCF); while MCs-fibrogenic mediators (TNF-α) stimulate fibroblasts to increase CCL2, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), collagen and transforming growth factor beta(TGFβ) expression, thus aggravating cardiac fibrosis. MCs and fibroblast-derived CCL2s are both essential for cardiac Ly6Chigh Mo/Mφ influx. Administration of recombinant mouse SCF to CVB3-infected mice aggravates VMC via accelerating MCs accumulation and cardiac influx of Ly6Chi Mo/Mφ. Collectively, our data highlight an early MC-fibroblast crosstalk and SCF/MC/CCL2/Mo/Mφ axis as important mechanisms required for triggering VMC and myocardial fibrosis. This finding indicates critical roles of MCs in initiating and modulating cardiac innate response to CVB3 and has an implication in developing new and more effective treatments for VMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Luo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongkai Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Lam HY, Tergaonkar V, Kumar AP, Ahn KS. Mast cells: Therapeutic targets for COVID-19 and beyond. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:1278-1292. [PMID: 34467628 PMCID: PMC8652840 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are innate immune cells that widely distribute throughout all tissues and express a variety of cell surface receptors. Upon activation, MCs can rapidly release a diverse array of preformed mediators residing within their secretory granules and newly synthesize a broad spectrum of inflammatory and immunomodulatory mediators. These unique features of MCs enable them to act as sentinels in response to rapid changes within their microenvironment. There is increasing evidence now that MCs play prominent roles in other pathophysiological processes besides allergic inflammation. In this review, we highlight the recent findings on the emerging roles of MCs in the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and discuss the potential of MCs as novel therapeutic targets for COVID-19 and other non-allergic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Yan Lam
- Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Laboratory of NF‐κB SignalingInstitute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB)SingaporeSingapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NF‐κB SignalingInstitute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB)SingaporeSingapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- National University Cancer InstituteNational University Health SystemSingaporeSingapore
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean MedicineKyung Hee UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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7
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Levick SP. Histamine receptors in heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:1355-1372. [PMID: 34622365 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The biogenic amine, histamine, is found predominantly in mast cells, as well as specific histaminergic neurons. Histamine exerts its many and varied actions via four G-protein-coupled receptors numbered one through four. Histamine has multiple effects on cardiac physiology, mainly via the histamine 1 and 2 receptors, which on a simplified level have opposing effects on heart rate, force of contraction, and coronary vasculature function. In heart failure, the actions of the histamine receptors are complex, the histamine 1 receptor appears to have detrimental actions predominantly in the coronary vasculature, while the histamine 2 receptor mediates adverse effects on cardiac remodeling via actions on cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and even endothelial cells. Conversely, there is growing evidence that the histamine 3 receptor exerts protective actions when activated. Little is known about the histamine 4 receptor in heart failure. Targeting histamine receptors as a therapeutic approach for heart failure is an important area of investigation given the over-the-counter access to many compounds targeting these receptors, and thus the relatively straight forward possibility of drug repurposing. In this review, we briefly describe histamine receptor signaling and the actions of each histamine receptor in normal cardiac physiology, before describing in more detail the known role of each histamine receptor in adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure. This includes information from both clinical studies and experimental animal models. It is the goal of this review article to bring more focus to the possibility of targeting histamine receptors as therapy for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott P Levick
- Kolling Institute, St Leonards, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Legere SA, Haidl ID, Castonguay MC, Brunt KR, Légaré JF, Marshall JS. Increased mast cell density is associated with decreased fibrosis in human atrial tissue. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 149:15-26. [PMID: 32931784 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fibrotic remodelling of the atria is poorly understood and can be regulated by myocardial immune cell populations after injury. Mast cells are resident immune sentinel cells present in the heart that respond to tissue damage and have been linked to fibrosis in other settings. The role of cardiac mast cells in fibrotic remodelling in response to human myocardial injury is controversial. In this study, we sought to determine the association between mast cells, atrial fibrosis, and outcomes in a heterogeneous population of cardiac surgical patients, including a substantial proportion of coronary artery bypass grafting patients. Atrial appendage from patients was assessed for collagen and mast cell density by histology and by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) for mast cell associated transcripts. Clinical variables and outcomes were also followed. Mast cells were detected in human atrial tissue at varying densities. Histological and ddPCR assessment of mast cells in atrial tissue were closely correlated. Patients with high mast cell density had less fibrosis and lower severity of heart failure classification or incidence mortality than patients with low mast cell content. Analysis of a homogeneous population of coronary artery bypass graft patients yielded similar observations. Therefore, evidence from this study suggests that increased atrial mast cell populations are associated with decreased clinical cardiac fibrotic remodelling and improved outcomes, in cardiac surgery patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Legere
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS, Canada; Dalhousie Human Immunology and Inflammation Group, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Canada
| | - Ian D Haidl
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS, Canada; Dalhousie Human Immunology and Inflammation Group, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Mathieu C Castonguay
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Keith R Brunt
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Department of Pharmacology, Saint John, NB, Canada; New Brunswick Heart Centre, Saint John, NB, Canada; IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Canada
| | - Jean-François Légaré
- Dalhousie Human Immunology and Inflammation Group, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Department of Pharmacology, Saint John, NB, Canada; New Brunswick Heart Centre, Saint John, NB, Canada; IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Canada
| | - Jean S Marshall
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS, Canada; Dalhousie Human Immunology and Inflammation Group, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Canada.
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9
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Kotov G, Landzhov B, Stamenov N, Stanchev S, Iliev A. Changes in the number of mast cells, expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 and extent of interstitial fibrosis in established and advanced hypertensive heart disease. Ann Anat 2020; 232:151564. [PMID: 32603827 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An increasing number of studies have shed light on the role of cardiac mast cells in the pathogenesis of hypertension-induced myocardial remodeling. Mast cells promote fibroblast activation, myofibroblast differentiation and subsequent collagen accumulation through the action of tryptase, chymase, histamine and fibroblast growth factor-2. The aim of the present study was to report on the changes in the number of mast cells as evaluated through toluidine blue, tryptase and c-kit staining, to assess the extent of interstitial fibrosis and correlate it with the changes in the number of mast cells and to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 in two groups of spontaneously hypertensive rats indicative of established and advanced hypertensive heart disease. A novel aspect of our work was the analysis of all parameters in the right ventricle. MATERIAL AND METHODS For the present study, we used 6- and 12-month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats. A light microscopic study was conducted on sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin and toluidine blue. For the immunohistochemical study we used monoclonal antibodies against mast cell tryptase and fibroblast growth factor-2 and a polyclonal antibody against c-kit. The expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 was assessed semi-quantitatively through ImageJ. The number of mast cells was evaluated on toluidine blue-, tryptase- and c-kit-stained sections and a comparative statistical analysis with the Mann-Whitney test was conducted between the two age groups. A separate statistical analysis between results obtained through immunostaining for tryptase and for c-kit was conducted in each age group with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The extent of fibrosis was assessed quantitatively on slides stained with Mallory's trichrome stain as a percentage of the whole tissue and compared between the two age groups. Spearman's correlation was used to test whether a correlation exists between the number of mast cells and the percentage of interstitial fibrosis. RESULTS Mast cells with typical cytoplasmic granules were visualized in the interstitial tissue and in the perivascular zone in both age groups. In both ventricles, their number increased significantly in 12-month-old animals as evaluated through all three staining methods. Moreover, immunostaining for tryptase and for c-kit yielded comparable results. The immunoreactivity of fibroblast growth factor-2 increased in both ventricles in older animals. Expression of this protein was particularly intensive in the cytoplasm of connective tissue cells with the characteristic features of mast cells mainly found in the areas of fibrotic alterations in 12-month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats. In both ventricles, interstitial fibrosis was more extensive throughout the myocardium of older animals and was positively correlated with the changes in the number of mast cells in both age groups. CONCLUSION The present study reported for the first time that the increase in the number of mast cells, observed as hypertension-induced myocardial changes progress, is statistically significant and confirmed that this process takes place in both ventricles. This increase is accompanied by a higher expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 and is more strongly correlated with the more pronounced interstitial fibrosis in older animals, further supporting the role of mast cells in the structural changes taking place in the myocardium in response to systemic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi Kotov
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Boycho Landzhov
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikola Stamenov
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stancho Stanchev
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexandar Iliev
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
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Juliano GR, Skaf MF, Ramalho LS, Juliano GR, Torquato BGS, Oliveira MS, Oliveira FA, Espíndula AP, Cavellani CL, Teixeira VDPA, Ferraz MLDF. Analysis of mast cells and myocardial fibrosis in autopsied patients with hypertensive heart disease. Rev Port Cardiol 2020; 39:89-96. [PMID: 32205013 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the percentage of collagen fibers and mast cell density in the left ventricular myocardium of autopsied patients with and without hypertensive heart disease. METHODS Thirty fragments of left ventricular myocardium were obtained from individuals autopsied at the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM) in the period from 1987 to 2017. Individuals were divided into two groups: those with hypertensive heart disease (HD) and those with no heart disease (ND). Subjects were also assessed according to age, gender and race (white and non-white). Collagen fibers were quantified by computed morphometry and mast cell density was assessed by immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS There were significantly more collagen fibers in the left ventricle in the HD group than in the ND group (p<0.001). Mast cell density was significantly higher in the left ventricle of individuals with HD immunolabeled with anti-chymase and anti-tryptase antibodies (p=0.02) and also of those immunolabeled only with anti-tryptase antibodies (p=0.03). Analyzing the HD group, there was a significant positive correlation between the percentage of collagen fibers in the left ventricle and mast cell density immunolabeled by anti-chymase and anti-tryptase antibodies (p=0.04) and also mast cell density immunolabeled only with anti-tryptase antibodies (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS Mast cells are involved in the development of hypertensive heart disease, contributing to the remodeling of collagen fibers in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Ribeiro Juliano
- General Pathology Department, Biological and Natural Sciences Institute (ICBN), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Fleury Skaf
- General Pathology Department, Biological and Natural Sciences Institute (ICBN), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciana Santos Ramalho
- General Pathology Department, Biological and Natural Sciences Institute (ICBN), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Ribeiro Juliano
- General Pathology Department, Biological and Natural Sciences Institute (ICBN), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Bianca Gonçalves Silva Torquato
- General Pathology Department, Biological and Natural Sciences Institute (ICBN), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana Silva Oliveira
- General Pathology Department, Biological and Natural Sciences Institute (ICBN), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávia Aparecida Oliveira
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health (IPTSP), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Espíndula
- General Pathology Department, Biological and Natural Sciences Institute (ICBN), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila Lourencini Cavellani
- General Pathology Department, Biological and Natural Sciences Institute (ICBN), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Vicente de Paula Antunes Teixeira
- General Pathology Department, Biological and Natural Sciences Institute (ICBN), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Mara Lúcia da Fonseca Ferraz
- General Pathology Department, Biological and Natural Sciences Institute (ICBN), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
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11
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Phungphong S, Kijtawornrat A, Kampaengsri T, Wattanapermpool J, Bupha-Intr T. Comparison of exercise training and estrogen supplementation on mast cell-mediated doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 318:R829-R842. [PMID: 32159365 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00224.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac inflammation has been proposed as one of the primary mechanisms of anthracycline-induced acute cardiotoxicity. A reduction in cardiac inflammation might also reduce cardiotoxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of estrogen therapy and regular exercise on attenuating cardiac inflammation in the context of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. Ovariectomized rats were randomly allocated into estrogen supplementation, exercise training, and mast cell stabilizer treatment groups. Eight weeks after ovariectomy, rats received six cumulative doses of doxorubicin for two weeks. Echocardiography demonstrated a progressive decrease in ejection fraction in doxorubicin-treated rats without hypertrophic effect. This systolic defect was completely prevented by either estrogen supplementation or mast cell stabilizer treatment but not by regular exercise. As a heart disease indicator, increased β-myosin heavy chain expression induced by doxorubicin could only be prevented by estrogen supplementation. Decrease in shortening and intracellular Ca2+ transients of cardiomyocytes were due to absence of female sex hormones without further effects of doxorubicin. Again, estrogen supplementation and mast cell stabilizer treatment prevented these changes but exercise training did not. Histological analysis indicated that the hyperactivation of cardiac mast cells in ovariectomized rats was augmented by doxorubicin. Estrogen supplementation and mast cell stabilizer treatment completely prevented both increases in mast cell density and degranulation, whereas exercise training partially attenuated the hyperactivation. Our results, therefore, suggest that estrogen supplementation acts similarly to mast cell stabilizers in attenuating the effects of doxorubicin. Ineffectiveness of regular exercise in preventing the acute cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin might be due to a lesser effect on preventing cardiac inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Phungphong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anusak Kijtawornrat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Tepmanas Bupha-Intr
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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12
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Juliano GR, Skaf MF, Ramalho LS, Juliano GR, Torquato BGS, Oliveira MS, Oliveira FA, Espíndula AP, Cavellani CL, Teixeira VDPA, Ferraz MLDF. Analysis of mast cells and myocardial fibrosis in autopsied patients with hypertensive heart disease. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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13
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Morphological and histopathological evaluation of autopsied patients with hypertensive cardiopathy. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019; 41:79-82. [PMID: 31146181 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiopathological processes in hypertensive heart disease are controlled by complex interactions between cardiomyocytes, extracellular matrix, microvasculature and other cells present in the myocardium. OBJECTIVE To analyze morphological changes in hypertensive cardiopathy and to describe and compare findings in order to help clarify determinant factors. METHODS 42 fragments of the left ventricular myocardium and circumflex branch of the left coronary artery were obtained from individuals autopsied at the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM) in the period ranging from 1984 to 2018. Groups were split into individuals with hypertensive heart disease (HD) and individuals without heart disease (ND). Wall thickness was measured with a digital caliper and Computed Tomography. Quantification of collagen fibers was conducted by computerized morphometry and mast cell density was assessed by immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS There was a significant increase of heart weight in the HD group compared to the ND group, (p = 0.0002). There was a significant increase of thickness of the middle third of the free wall in the HD group compared to the ND group, (p = 0.04). There was a significant increase of collagen fibers in the left ventricle in the HD group compared to the ND group, (p < 0.0001). Concerning mast cell density, there was a significant increase in the left ventricle of individuals with HD immuno-labeled by the set anti-chymase/anti-tryptase (p < 0.0001). There was a significant increase of mast cell density in the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery of individuals with HD immuno-labeled by the set anti-chymase/anti-tryptase (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Mast cells are involved in the development of hypertensive heart disease, contributing to the remodeling of collagen fibers in this disease.
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14
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Levick SP, Brower GL, Janicki JS. Substance P-mediated cardiac mast cell activation: An in vitro study. Neuropeptides 2019; 74:52-59. [PMID: 30660328 PMCID: PMC7207245 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptide substance P can induce degranulation of cardiac mast cells at high concentrations. Herein, we seek to further understand substance P activation of cardiac mast cells in the context of other neuropeptides as well as modulation by non-neuropeptides. This is important given the increasingly recognized role of both cardiac mast cells and substance P in adverse cardiac remodeling. To address this, we isolated cardiac mast cells and compared their response to substance P as well as other members from the tachykinin family of peptides, including neurokinin A and hemokinin-1. We also tested the ability of other factors to manipulate the cardiac mast cell response to substance P. We found that while neurokinin A did not induce cardiac mast cell degranulation, both substance P and hemokinin-1 induced a concentration-dependent release of histamine; the maximal response to hemokinin-1 was greater than to substance P. Neurokinin-1 receptor blockade prevented substance P-induced histamine release, while only partially attenuating hemokinin-1-induced histamine release. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine attenuated histamine release in response to hemokinin-1 and had no effect on substance P-induced histamine release. Selective PPAR-γ agonists attenuated histamine release in response to substance P. These data indicate that substance P activates cardiac mast cells via the neurokinin-1 receptor, and that the activation response is different to other tachykinins. That the response to substance P is receptor mediated and can be modulated by activation of other receptors (PPAR-γ), argues that substance P activation of cardiac mast cells has potential biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott P Levick
- Kolling Institute for Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Gregory L Brower
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, United States
| | - Joseph S Janicki
- Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, United States
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15
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Legere SA, Haidl ID, Légaré JF, Marshall JS. Mast Cells in Cardiac Fibrosis: New Insights Suggest Opportunities for Intervention. Front Immunol 2019; 10:580. [PMID: 31001246 PMCID: PMC6455071 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MC) are innate immune cells present in virtually all body tissues with key roles in allergic disease and host defense. MCs recognize damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) through expression of multiple receptors including Toll-like receptors and the IL-33 receptor ST2. MCs can be activated to degranulate and release pre-formed mediators, to synthesize and secrete cytokines and chemokines without degranulation, and/or to produce lipid mediators. MC numbers are generally increased at sites of fibrosis. They are potent, resident, effector cells producing mediators that regulate the fibrotic process. The nature of the secretory products produced by MCs depend on micro-environmental signals and can be both pro- and anti-fibrotic. MCs have been repeatedly implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis and in angiogenic responses in hypoxic tissues, but these findings are controversial. Several rodent studies have indicated a protective role for MCs. MC-deficient mice have been reported to have poorer outcomes after coronary artery ligation and increased cardiac function upon MC reconstitution. In contrast, MCs have also been implicated as key drivers of fibrosis. MC stabilization during a hypertensive rat model and an atrial fibrillation mouse model rescued associated fibrosis. Discrepancies in the literature could be related to problems with mouse models of MC deficiency. To further complicate the issue, mice generally have a much lower density of MCs in their cardiac tissue than humans, and as such comparing MC deficient and MC containing mouse models is not necessarily reflective of the role of MCs in human disease. In this review, we will evaluate the literature regarding the role of MCs in cardiac fibrosis with an emphasis on what is known about MC biology, in this context. MCs have been well-studied in allergic disease and multiple pharmacological tools are available to regulate their function. We will identify potential opportunities to manipulate human MC function and the impact of their mediators with a view to preventing or reducing harmful fibrosis. Important therapeutic opportunities could arise from increased understanding of the impact of such potent, resident immune cells, with the ability to profoundly alter long term fibrotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Legere
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Ian D. Haidl
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jean-François Légaré
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Jean S. Marshall
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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16
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Abstract
Fibrosis is a medical condition characterized by an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix compounds such as collagen in tissues. Fibrotic lesions are present in many diseases and can affect all organs. The excessive extracellular matrix accumulation in these conditions can often have serious consequences and in many cases be life-threatening. A typical event seen in many fibrotic conditions is a profound accumulation of mast cells (MCs), suggesting that these cells can contribute to the pathology. Indeed, there is now substantialv evidence pointing to an important role of MCs in fibrotic disease. However, investigations from various clinical settings and different animal models have arrived at partly contradictory conclusions as to how MCs affect fibrosis, with many studies suggesting a detrimental role of MCs whereas others suggest that MCs can be protective. Here, we review the current knowledge of how MCs can affect fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bradding
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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17
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Bahey NG, Abd Elaziz HO, Elsayed Gadalla KK. Potential Toxic Effect of Bisphenol A on the Cardiac Muscle of Adult Rat and the Possible Protective Effect of Omega-3: A Histological and Immunohistochemical Study. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2019; 7:1-8. [PMID: 31008050 PMCID: PMC6442328 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_53_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is intensely used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Recently, BPA has been receiving increased attention due to its link to various health problems that develop after direct or indirect human exposure. Previous studies have shown the harmful effect of high doses of BPA; however, the effect of small doses of BPA on disease development is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a low dose of BPA on the rat myocardium and to explore the outcome of coadministration of Omega-3 fatty acid (FA). Thirty adult male rats were divided equally into control group, BPA-treated group (1.2 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally for 3 weeks), and BPA and Omega-3-treated group (received BPA as before plus Omega-3 at a daily dose of 300 mg/kg/day orally) for 3 weeks. Exposure to BPA resulted in structural anomalies in the rat myocardium in the form of disarrangement of myofibers, hypertrophy of myocytes, myocardial fibrosis, and dilatation of intramyocardial arterioles. On the other hand, mast cell density and media-to-lumen area ratio were not significantly altered. Interestingly, concomitant administration of Omega-3 FAs with BPA significantly reduced BPA-induced changes and provided a protective effect to the myocardium. In conclusion, exposure to a low dose of BPA could potentially lead to pathological alterations in the myocardium, which could be prevented by administration of Omega-3 FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Gamal Bahey
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | | | - Kamal Kamal Elsayed Gadalla
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.,Center for Discovery Brain Science, Edinburgh University, United Kingdom
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18
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Huang H, Luo B, Wang B, Wu Q, Liang Y, He Y. Identification of Potential Gene Interactions in Heart Failure Caused by Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:7697-7709. [PMID: 30368515 PMCID: PMC6216482 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many heart failure (HF) cases are caused by idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (iDCM). This study explored the mechanisms of the development and progression of HF caused by iDCM. Material/Methods The gene expression profiles of 102 samples were downloaded from the GEO database (GSE5406). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through GO analysis and a KEGG pathway analysis, respectively. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and analyzed to screen potential regulatory proteins. In addition, MCODE and a cytoHubba plugin were used to identify the module and hub genes of DEGs. Finally, transcription factors (TFs) were predicted using PASTAA. We did not perform whole-exome sequencing (WES) for detecting mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Results A total of 197 DEGs were screened, and 3 modules, and 4 upregulated and 11 downregulated hub genes were screened. The GO analysis focused on the terms and 12 KEGG pathways were enriched. The FOS, TIMP1, and SERPINE1 hub genes, as well as some key TFs, demonstrated important roles in the progression of HF caused by iDCM. CEBPD, CEBOB, CDC37L1, and SRGN may be new targets for HF in iDCM patients. Conclusions The identified DEGs and their enriched pathways provide references for exploring the mechanisms of the development and progression of HF patients with iDCM. Moreover, modules, hub genes, and TFs may be useful in the treatment and diagnosis of HF patients with iDCM. However, mtDNA was not investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Huang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Beibei Luo
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Boqun Wang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Qianwen Wu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yuming Liang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yan He
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
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19
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Histopathological Aspects of the Myocardium in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2018; 44:243-249. [PMID: 30647944 PMCID: PMC6311227 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.44.03.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common form of cardiac muscle disease,
accounting for approximately 60% of all cardiomyopathies. We proposed to
identify histopathological changes of the myocardium in dilative cardiomyopathy.
This study comprised a total of 19 cases, represented by myocardial fragments
from deceased patients with diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy.
Histopathological analysis allowed changes to be observed for both myocytes
and myocardial interstitial components. We have found a combination of
hypertrophic, atrophic and normal myocardocytes, or associated with the
presence of hydropic changes. We rarely identified the aspect of myocytosis,
cytoplasmic accumulation of lipofuscin pigment or mucinous material, and
variable nuclear pleomorphism. At the interstitial level we noticed changes
in fibrosis, lipomatosis and rarely the presence of inflammatory infiltrate.
Histopathological characteristics of the myocardium in dilated cardiomyopathy
are numerous but nonspecific, similar to those in the terminal stages of other
cardiac diseases.
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20
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Lambert M, Boet A, Rucker-Martin C, Mendes-Ferreira P, Capuano V, Hatem S, Adão R, Brás-Silva C, Hautefort A, Michel JB, Dorfmuller P, Fadel E, Kotsimbos T, Price L, Jourdon P, Montani D, Humbert M, Perros F, Antigny F. Loss of KCNK3 is a hallmark of RV hypertrophy/dysfunction associated with pulmonary hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:880-893. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Lambert
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson 92350, France
| | - Angèle Boet
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson 92350, France
- Réanimation des Cardiopathies Congénitales, Univ. Paris-Sud, Hôpital-Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Catherine Rucker-Martin
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson 92350, France
| | - Pedro Mendes-Ferreira
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Véronique Capuano
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson 92350, France
| | - Stéphane Hatem
- Département de Cardiologie, INSERM UMR_S1166, ICAN, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière 75013, France
| | - Rui Adão
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Brás-Silva
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Aurélie Hautefort
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson 92350, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Michel
- INSERM UMR_S1148, Paris7, Denis Diderot University, Xavier Bichat Hospital, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Peter Dorfmuller
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson 92350, France
| | - Elie Fadel
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson 92350, France
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Tom Kotsimbos
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3181, Australia
| | - Laura Price
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Philippe Jourdon
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson 92350, France
| | - David Montani
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson 92350, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson 92350, France
| | - Frédéric Perros
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson 92350, France
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
- Inserm UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson 92350, France
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Yu X, Sun X, Zhao M, Hou Y, Li J, Yu J, Hou Y. Propofol attenuates myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury partly through inhibition of resident cardiac mast cell activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 54:267-274. [PMID: 29172064 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac mast cell activation is involved in the process of myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury and exacerbates myocardial infarction. Propofol, an anesthetic with antioxidant property, can reduce myocardial infarct size in I/R injury. The present study was designed to investigate whether propofol can attenuate myocardial I/R injury by inhibiting resident cardiac mast cell activation by a Langendorff model. Thirty rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups (n=6 per group): control group and four test groups (I/R, I/R+compound 48/80, I/R+propofol, I/R+compound 48/80+propofol). Cultured RBL-2H3 cells were pretreated with propofol and subjected to mast cell degranulator compound48/80 (C48/80).Microscopically, degradation of myofibrillar and degranulation of mast cells were studied using hematoxylin-eosin toluidine blue staining techniques. After the effluent was assayed for tryptase, LDH, CK-MB and cTnI, myocardial tissue was evaluated for cytokine levels and infarct area. Heart subjected to I/R showed significantly increased expression of cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), LDH, CK-MB and cTnI. In addition, the I/R-induced heart also showed greater histopathological injury and a larger infarction zone, following increased mast cell degranulation with concomitant rise in tryptase. Mast cell degranulation by C48/80 further aggravated I/R injury. However, all of these effects were suppressed by propofol pretreatment, which also abrogated C48/80-mediated exacerbation of I/R injury. Also, propofol attenuated the C48/80-evoked tryptase and histamine release in RBL-2H3 cells. It is concluded that pretreatment of propofol confers protection against I/R injury partly by inhibiting resident cardiac mast cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| | - Xiaotong Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| | - Yonghao Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| | - Jingxin Li
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| | - Jingui Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| | - Yuedong Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
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22
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Liu T, Song D, Dong J, Zhu P, Liu J, Liu W, Ma X, Zhao L, Ling S. Current Understanding of the Pathophysiology of Myocardial Fibrosis and Its Quantitative Assessment in Heart Failure. Front Physiol 2017; 8:238. [PMID: 28484397 PMCID: PMC5402617 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is an important part of cardiac remodeling that leads to heart failure and death. Myocardial fibrosis results from increased myofibroblast activity and excessive extracellular matrix deposition. Various cells and molecules are involved in this process, providing targets for potential drug therapies. Currently, the main detection methods of myocardial fibrosis rely on serum markers, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and endomyocardial biopsy. This review summarizes our current knowledge regarding the pathophysiology, quantitative assessment, and novel therapeutic strategies of myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing AnZhen HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Deli Song
- Department of Cardiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing AnZhen HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Jianzeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing AnZhen HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Pinghui Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Changping HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing AnZhen HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Xiaohai Ma
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Shukuan Ling
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China
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Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a significant global health problem that is closely associated with multiple forms of cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction, dilated cardiomyopathy, and diabetes. Fibrosis increases myocardial wall stiffness due to excessive extracellular matrix deposition, causing impaired systolic and diastolic function, and facilitating arrhythmogenesis. As a result, patient morbidity and mortality are often dramatically elevated compared with those with cardiovascular disease but without overt fibrosis, demonstrating that fibrosis itself is both a pathologic response to existing disease and a significant risk factor for exacerbation of the underlying condition. The lack of any specific treatment for cardiac fibrosis in patients suffering from cardiovascular disease is a critical gap in our ability to care for these individuals. Here we provide an overview of the development of cardiac fibrosis, and discuss new research directions that have recently emerged and that may lead to the creation of novel treatments for patients with cardiovascular diseases. Such treatments would, ideally, complement existing therapy by specifically focusing on amelioration of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danah Al Hattab
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,b Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Michael P Czubryt
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,b Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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Kolck UW, Haenisch B, Molderings GJ. Cardiovascular symptoms in patients with systemic mast cell activation disease. Transl Res 2016; 174:23-32.e1. [PMID: 26775802 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, mast cell activation disease (MCAD) has been considered as just one rare (neoplastic) disease, mastocytosis, focused on the mast cell (MC) mediators tryptase and histamine and the suggestive, blatant symptoms of flushing and anaphylaxis. Recently another form of MCAD, the MC activation syndrome, has been recognized featuring inappropriate MC activation with little to no neoplasia and likely much more heterogeneously clonal and far more prevalent than mastocytosis. Increasing expertise and appreciation has been established for the truly very large menagerie of MC mediators and their complex patterns of release, engendering complex, nebulous presentations of chronic and acute illness best characterized as multisystem polymorbidity of generally inflammatory ± allergic theme. We describe the pathogenesis of MCAD with a particular focus on clinical cardiovascular symptoms and the therapeutic options for MC mediator-induced cardiovascular symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich W Kolck
- Johanniter-Kliniken Bonn, Waldkrankenhaus, Innere Medizin II, Bonn, Germany
| | - Britta Haenisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
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25
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Role of inflammatory cells in fibroblast activation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 93:143-8. [PMID: 26593723 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although fibrosis is an essential response to acute cardiac tissue injury, prolonged myofibroblast activation and progressive fibrosis lead to further distortion of tissue architecture and worsened cardiac function. Thus, optimal tissue repair following injury requires tight control over myofibroblast activation. It is now recognized that inflammation plays a critical role in regulating fibrosis. In this review we will highlight how advances in the field of innate immunity have led to a better understanding of the role of inflammation in cardiovascular disease and, in particular, in the regulation of fibrosis. Specifically, we will discuss how the innate immune system recognizes tissue damage in settings of acute injury and chronic cardiovascular disease. We will also review the role of different cell populations in this response, particularly the unique role of different macrophage subsets and mast cells.
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Shao Z, Nazari M, Guo L, Li SH, Sun J, Liu SM, Yuan HP, Weisel RD, Li RK. The cardiac repair benefits of inflammation do not persist: evidence from mast cell implantation. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2751-62. [PMID: 26471858 PMCID: PMC4687709 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple mechanisms contribute to progressive cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction (MI) and inflammation is an important mediator. Mast cells (MCs) trigger inflammation after MI by releasing bio‐active factors that contribute to healing. c‐Kit‐deficient (KitW/W‐v) mice have dysfunctional MCs and develop severe ventricular dilatation post‐MI. We explored the role of MCs in post‐MI repair. Mouse wild‐type (WT) and KitW/W‐vMCs were obtained from bone marrow (BM). MC effects on fibroblasts were examined in vitro by proliferation and gel contraction assays. MCs were implanted into infarcted mouse hearts and their effects were evaluated using molecular, cellular and cardiac functional analyses. In contrast to WT, KitW/W‐vMC transplantation into KitW/W‐v mice did not improve cardiac function or scar size post‐MI. KitW/W‐vMCs induced significantly reduced fibroblast proliferation and contraction compared to WT MCs. MC influence on fibroblast proliferation was Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)‐dependent and MC‐induced fibroblast contractility functioned through transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β. WT MCs transiently rescue cardiac function early post‐MI, but the benefits of BM cell implantation lasted longer. MCs induced increased inflammation compared to the BM‐injected mice, with increased neutrophil infiltration and infarct tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) concentration. This augmented inflammation was followed by increased angiogenesis and myofibroblast formation and reduced scar size at early time‐points. Similar to the functional data, these beneficial effects were transient, largely vanishing by day 28. Dysfunctional KitW/W‐vMCs were unable to rescue cardiac function post‐MI. WT MC implantation transiently enhanced angiogenesis and cardiac function. These data suggest that increased inflammation is beneficial to cardiac repair, but these effects are not persistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbo Shao
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mansoreh Nazari
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lily Guo
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shu-Hong Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jie Sun
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shi-Ming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Ping Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Richard D Weisel
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Liu YH, Lu M, Xie ZZ, Hua F, Xie L, Gao JH, Koh YH, Bian JS. Hydrogen sulfide prevents heart failure development via inhibition of renin release from mast cells in isoproterenol-treated rats. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:759-69. [PMID: 23581627 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac local renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the development of heart failure and left ventricular (LV) remodeling. We previously reported that hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenous gaseous mediator, regulates renin synthesis and release in juxtaglomerular cells. The present study was designed to investigate whether H2S can protect against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced heart failure via inhibition of local renin activity in rat hearts. RESULTS In the present study, we found that an injection of ISO (150 mg/kg) significantly increased plasma lactate dehydrogenase level and hypertrophy index and impaired LV end diastolic pressure. Treatment with NaHS (an H2S donor, 0.056 mg/kg, daily) 3 days before and 2 weeks after the ISO injection attenuated the development of heart failure. Histological staining showed that NaHS decreased ISO-induced collagen deposition. Moreover, NaHS treatment reversed ISO-induced renin elevation in both plasma and LVs. Immunostaining analysis indicated that renin expression co-localized with mast cells in the ventricular tissues. Mast cell counts showed that NaHS treatment decreased the number of degranulated mast cells in cardiac tissue due to down-regulation of leukotriene A4 hydrolase protein expression and leukotriene B4 level. In addition, NaHS treatment also inhibited forskolin-induced renin degranulation from HMC-1.1 mast cells by lowering intracellular cAMP level. INNOVATION This study provides evidence for a new pathway in H2S-induced cardioprotection against heart failure development. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we demonstrated that H2S might protect heart during heart failure by suppression of local renin level through inhibition of both mast cell infiltration and renin degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
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28
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Expression of HLA-G by mast cells is associated with hepatitis C virus-induced liver fibrosis. J Hepatol 2014; 60:245-52. [PMID: 24036009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Infection with hepatitis C virus is a worldwide health problem. An inadequate Th2 cytokine response promotes the fibrosis-cirrhosis fate. Immune-modulating molecules favoring a Th2 profile, such as HLA-G molecules of the HLA class Ib family, may play a role in chronic hepatitis. HLA-G contributes to the escape of tumors, and their involvement in viral infections has been increasingly described. The aim of this work was to study the expression of HLA-G in the liver, its cellular source and its regulation in cases of chronic C hepatitis. METHODS HLA-G cells in blocks of liver derived from patients infected with HCV were labeled by immunohistochemistry and enumerated. Double immunofluorescence allowed the identification of the cellular source. HLA-G secretion by a human mast cell line was quantified by ELISA after various stimulations. After treatment with IFN-α, real-time PCR was performed to determine the kinetics of cytokine expression profiles, followed by heat map clustering analysis. RESULTS The number of HLA-G+ cells was significantly associated with the area of fibrosis. For the first time, we identify the HLA-G+ cells as being mast cells. HLA-G secretion was significantly induced in human mast cells stimulated by IL-10 or interferons of class I. The transcriptome of the secretome of this cell line stimulated by IFN-α revealed that (i) the HLA-G gene is upregulated late, and that (ii) T lymphocytes and NK cells are recruited. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest an autocrine loop in the genesis of HCV liver fibrosis, based on mast cells expressing HLA-G.
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Zhang W, Chancey AL, Tzeng HP, Zhou Z, Lavine KJ, Gao F, Sivasubramanian N, Barger PM, Mann DL. The development of myocardial fibrosis in transgenic mice with targeted overexpression of tumor necrosis factor requires mast cell-fibroblast interactions. Circulation 2011; 124:2106-16. [PMID: 22025605 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.052399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transgenic mice with cardiac-restricted overexpression of tumor necrosis factor (MHCsTNF mice) develop progressive myocardial fibrosis, diastolic dysfunction, and adverse cardiac remodeling. Insofar as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) does not directly stimulate fibroblast collagen synthesis, we asked whether TNF-induced fibrosis was mediated indirectly through interactions between mast cells and cardiac fibroblasts. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiac mast cell number increased 2 to 3 fold (P<0.001) in MHCsTNF mice compared with littermate controls. Outcrossing MHCsTNF mice with mast cell-deficient (c-kit(-/-)) mice showed that the 11-fold increase (P<0.001) in collagen volume fraction in MHCsTNF/c-kit(+/-) mice was abrogated in MHCsTNF/c-kit(-/-) mice, and that the leftward shifted left ventricular pressure-volume curve in the MHCsTNF/c-kit(+/-) mice was normalized in the MHCsTNF/c-kit(-/-) hearts. Furthermore, the increase in transforming growth factor β1 and type I transforming growth factor β receptor messenger RNA levels was significantly (P=0.03, P=0.01, respectively) attenuated in MHCsTNF/c-kit(-/-) when compared with MHCsTNF/c-kit(+/-) mice. Coculture of fibroblasts with mast cells resulted in enhanced α-smooth muscle actin expression, increased proliferation and collagen messenger RNA expression, and increased contraction of 3-dimensional collagen gels in MHCsTNF fibroblasts compared with littermate fibroblasts. The effects of mast cells were abrogated by type I transforming growth factor β receptor antagonist NP-40208. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that increased mast cell density with resultant mast cell-cardiac fibroblast cross-talk is required for the development of myocardial fibrosis in inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Cardiac fibroblasts exposed to sustained inflammatory signaling exhibit an increased repertoire of profibrotic phenotypic responses in response to mast cell mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Andersson CK, Andersson-Sjöland A, Mori M, Hallgren O, Pardo A, Eriksson L, Bjermer L, Löfdahl CG, Selman M, Westergren-Thorsson G, Erjefält JS. Activated MCTC mast cells infiltrate diseased lung areas in cystic fibrosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2011; 12:139. [PMID: 22014187 PMCID: PMC3209449 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although mast cells are regarded as important regulators of inflammation and tissue remodelling, their role in cystic fibrosis (CF) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has remained less studied. This study investigates the densities and phenotypes of mast cell populations in multiple lung compartments from patients with CF, IPF and never smoking controls. Methods Small airways, pulmonary vessels, and lung parenchyma were subjected to detailed immunohistochemical analyses using lungs from patients with CF (20 lung regions; 5 patients), IPF (21 regions; 7 patients) and controls (16 regions; 8 subjects). In each compartment the densities and distribution of MCT and MCTC mast cell populations were studied as well as the mast cell expression of IL-6 and TGF-β. Results In the alveolar parenchyma in lungs from patients with CF, MCTC numbers increased in areas showing cellular inflammation or fibrosis compared to controls. Apart from an altered balance between MCTC and MCT cells, mast cell in CF lungs showed elevated expression of IL-6. In CF, a decrease in total mast cell numbers was observed in small airways and pulmonary vessels. In patients with IPF, a significantly elevated MCTC density was present in fibrotic areas of the alveolar parenchyma with increased mast cell expression of TGF-β. The total mast cell density was unchanged in small airways and decreased in pulmonary vessels in IPF. Both the density, as well as the percentage, of MCTC correlated positively with the degree of fibrosis. The increased density of MCTC, as well as MCTC expression of TGF-β, correlated negatively with patient lung function. Conclusions The present study reveals that altered mast cell populations, with increased numbers of MCTC in diseased alveolar parenchyma, represents a significant component of the histopathology in CF and IPF. The mast cell alterations correlated to the degree of tissue remodelling and to lung function parameters. Further investigations of mast cells in these diseases may open for new therapeutic strategies.
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Boyle AJ, Shih H, Hwang J, Ye J, Lee B, Zhang Y, Kwon D, Jun K, Zheng D, Sievers R, Angeli F, Yeghiazarians Y, Lee R. Cardiomyopathy of aging in the mammalian heart is characterized by myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis and a predisposition towards cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy. Exp Gerontol 2011; 46:549-59. [PMID: 21377520 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with an increased incidence of heart failure, but the existence of an age-related cardiomyopathy remains controversial. Differences in strain, age and technique of measuring cardiac function differ between experiments, confounding the interpretation of these studies. Additionally, the structural and genetic profile at the onset of heart failure has not been extensively studied. We therefore performed serial echocardiography, which allows repeated assessment of left ventricular (LV) function, on a cohort of the same mice every 3 months as they aged and demonstrated that LV systolic dysfunction becomes apparent at 18 months of age. These aging animals had left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis, but did not have inducible ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Gene expression profiling of left ventricular tissue demonstrated 40 differentially expressed probesets and 36 differentially expressed gene ontology terms, largely related to inflammation and immunity. At this early stage of cardiac dysfunction, we observed increased cardiomyocyte expression of the pro-apoptotic activated caspase-3, but no actual increase in apoptosis. The aging hearts also have higher levels of anti-apoptotic and autophagic factors, which may have rendered protection from apoptosis. In conclusion, we describe the functional, structural and genetic changes in murine hearts as they first develop cardiomyopathy of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Boyle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States.
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Zweifel M, Matozan K, Dahinden C, Schaffner T, Mohacsi P. Eotaxin/CCL11 levels correlate with myocardial fibrosis and mast cell density in native and transplanted rat hearts. Transplant Proc 2011; 42:2763-6. [PMID: 20832583 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.05.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myocardial fibrosis contributes to hemodynamic and cardiac functional alterations commonly observed posttransplantation. Cardiac mast cells (MC) have been linked to fibrosis in posttransplantation hearts. Eotaxin, which has been shown to be involved in fibrogenesis, has been demonstrated to be increased in production in cardiac macrophages. The aim of our study was to correlate myocardial fibrosis during heart transplant rejection in the rat with eotaxin/chemokine [c-c motif] ligand 11 (CCL11) expression, and with various subtypes of infiltrating cardiac MC, namely connective-type MC (CTMC) and mucosa-type MC (MMC). METHODS We used tissues from 2 previous studies of ongoing acute rejection in allogeneic Brown-Norway to Lewis rat and an isogeneic Brown-Norway to Brown-Norway heterotopic heart transplantation models under cyclosporin/prednisolone immunosuppression. Collagen fibrils were stained with Masson's trichrome with myocardial fibrosis expressed as percent fibrotic area per total section area. Eotaxin/CCL11 previously measured in heart tissue using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was correlated with the extent of myocardial fibrosis. We compared values from native hearts (n = 4) as well as transplants on days 5, 16, and 28 (n = 4 in each group). RESULTS The area of myocardial fibrosis was significantly increased in the allogeneic compared with the isogeneic group at day 16 (38% vs 21%) and at day 28 (49% vs 22%) after transplantation. Myocardial fibrosis correlated significantly with eotaxin/CCL11 concentrations and the density of MMC, but not with CTMC in heart tissue. CONCLUSIONS Eotaxin-triggered MC infiltration of the heart may contribute to myocardial fibrosis after transplantation. Targeting eotaxin/CCL11 with monoclonal antibodies, such as bertilimumab, could reduce MC infiltration, possibly resulting in decreased myocardial fibrosis and improved contractile function after heart transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zweifel
- Department of Cardiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland.
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Kwon JS, Kim YS, Cho AS, Cho HH, Kim JS, Hong MH, Jeong SY, Jeong MH, Cho JG, Park JC, Kang JC, Ahn Y. The novel role of mast cells in the microenvironment of acute myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 50:814-25. [PMID: 21295578 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are multifunctional cells containing various mediators, such as cytokines, tryptase, and histamine, and they have been identified in infarct myocardium. Here, we elucidated the roles of mast cells in a myocardial infarction (MI) rat model. We studied the physiological and functional roles of mast cell granules (MCGs), isolated from rat peritoneal fluid, on endothelial cells, neonatal cardiomyocytes, and infarct heart (1-hour occlusion of left coronary artery followed by reperfusion). The number of mast cells had two peak time points of appearance in the infarct region at 1day and 21days after MI induction in rats (p<0.05 in each compared with sham-operated heart). Simultaneous injection of an optimal dose of MCGs modulated the microenvironment and resulted in the increased infiltration of macrophages and decreased apoptosis of cardiomyocytes without change in the mast cell number in infarct myocardium. Moreover, MCG injection attenuated the progression of MI through angiogenesis and preserved left ventricular function after MI. MCG-treated cardiomyocytes were more resistant to hypoxic injury through phosphorylation of Akt, and MCG-treated endothelial cells showed enhanced migration and tube formation. We have shown that MCGs have novel cardioprotective roles in MI via the prolonged survival of cardiomyocytes and the induction of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sook Kwon
- Stem Cell Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Halsey CHC, Powers BE, Kamstock DA. Feline intestinal sclerosing mast cell tumour: 50 cases (1997-2008). Vet Comp Oncol 2010; 8:72-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2009.00206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis and an activator of tissue transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1). Analyses using genetically modified mice suggested that TSP-1 may play a protective role to prevent infiltration and tissue remodeling responses after myocardial infarction. The expression levels of TSP-1 and their putative role in ventricular remodeling have not been determined in patients with heart failure (HF). MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the expression of TSP-1 and TGF-beta1 mRNA in myocardial biopsies from 34 subjects with end-stage HF undergoing heart transplantation and 13 healthy controls from heart donors. Among total RNA extracted from the left ventricle, 1 microg was retrotranscribed and mRNA expression levels were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS The mean age of subjects was 54 +/- 2 years; mean ejection fraction, 21 +/- 5%; end-diastolic diameter and end-systolic diameter, 73 +/- 10 and 61 +/- 11 mm, respectively. TSP-1 mRNA expression in ventricular tissue from HF patients was lower (159.04 +/- 14.55 ng-equivalents [ng-equiv]) than in controls (234 +/- 30.66 ng-equiv; P < .05). Tissue from HF subjects also showed lower levels of TGF-beta1 (68.42 +/- 4.36 vs 80.58 +/- 5.26 ng-equiv; P < .05). TSP-1 mRNA levels correlated positively with TGF-beta1 (P = .001; R(2) = .2), and lower TSP-1 mRNA levels were observed with increasing left ventricular diameters. CONCLUSIONS Patients with end-stage HF show decreased TSP-1 mRNA levels, which agrees with published results showing lower circulating TSP-1. Ventricular dilatation observed in these patients may be related to lower expression of TSP-1. Surprisingly, TGF-beta1 mRNA levels were lower in failing hearts, which suggested that fibrogenesis takes place in earlier phases of HF.
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Nozyński J, Zakliczyński M, Zembala-Nozyńska E, Konecka-Mrówká D, Przybylski R, Nikiel B, Mlynarczyk-Liszka J, Lange D, Mrówka A, Przybylski J, Maruszewski M, Zembala M. Cardiocyte nuclear chromatin density correlates with transplanted heart left ventricular mass. Transplant Proc 2009; 41:281-4. [PMID: 19249535 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Revised: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiocyte hypertrophy is accompanied by polyploidy, seen as a decrease in chromatin density in the enlarged nucleus. Repeated biopsies of a transplanted heart offer the possibility of a dynamic evaluation of these phenomena. The aim of this work was an evaluation of cardiocyte nuclear chromatin density in transplanted hearts during long-term follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS The material encompassed myocardial biopsy specimens taken during the first week, first month, and then on an annual basis up to 10 years after surgery. Only biopsy specimens with no rejection were considered (grade "0" International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation [ISHLT] 122 biopsy specimens). The control group consisted of 7 donor heart specimens. We evaluated the optical density-mean gray level-of cardiomyocyte nuclear chromatin. We determined correlations of this index with the nuclear area, and with left ventricle ultrasound measurements, using correlation analysis. RESULTS The chromatin mean gray level decreased with time, correlating positively with interventricular septum thickness, left ventricle posterior wall diameter, and left ventricular mass. Analysis of individual periods showed a significant positive correlation of the mean grey level with the cardiocyte nuclear surface in year 3, 4, and 9 after transplantation, thereby suggesting the occurrence of polyploidy at those times. The significant negative correlation of these values (1 week and 1 year) indicated normalization of early cardiocyte hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS With the passage of time chromatin condenses, leading to pyknosis. The activity of cardiocyte chromatin correlated with left ventricular hypertrophy. Compensatory cardiomyocyte polyploidy is a periodical phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nozyński
- Department of Cardiac Surgery & Transplantation, Silesian Center for Heart Disease, Zabrze, Poland
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Palaniyandi SS, Inagaki K, Mochly-Rosen D. Mast cells and epsilonPKC: a role in cardiac remodeling in hypertension-induced heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2008; 45:779-86. [PMID: 18804478 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2008.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a chronic syndrome in which pathological cardiac remodeling is an integral part of the disease and mast cell (MC) degranulation-derived mediators have been suggested to play a role in its progression. Protein kinase C (PKC) signaling is a key event in the signal transduction pathway of MC degranulation. We recently found that inhibition of epsilonPKC slows down the progression of hypertension-induced HF in salt-sensitive Dahl rats fed a high-salt diet. We therefore determined whether epsilonPKC inhibition affects MC degranulation in this model. Six week-old male Dahl rats were fed with a high-salt diet to induce systemic hypertension, which resulted in concentric left ventricular hypertrophy at the age of 11 weeks, followed by myocardial dilatation and HF at the age of 17 weeks. We administered epsilonV1-2, an epsilonPKC-selective inhibitor peptide (3 mg/kg/day), deltaV1-1, a deltaPKC-selective inhibitor peptide (3 mg/kg/day), TAT (negative control; at equimolar concentration; 1.6 mg/kg/day) or olmesartan (angiotensin receptor blocker [ARB] as a positive control; 3 mg/kg/day) between 11 weeks and 17 weeks. Treatment with epsilonV1-2 attenuated cardiac MC degranulation without affecting MC density, myocardial fibrosis, microvessel patency, vascular thickening and cardiac inflammation in comparison to TAT- or deltaV1-1-treatment. Treatment with ARB also attenuated MC degranulation and cardiac remodeling, but to a lesser extent when compared to epsilonV1-2. Finally, epsilonV1-2 treatment inhibited MC degranulation in isolated peritoneal MCs. Together, our data suggest that epsilonPKC inhibition attenuates pathological remodeling in hypertension-induced HF, at least in part, by preventing cardiac MC degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Selvaraj Palaniyandi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CCSR, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, USA
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Hu E, Tasker A, White RD, Kunz RK, Human J, Chen N, Bürli R, Hungate R, Novak P, Itano A, Zhang X, Yu V, Nguyen Y, Tudor Y, Plant M, Flynn S, Xu Y, Meagher KL, Whittington DA, Ng GY. Discovery of aryl aminoquinazoline pyridones as potent, selective, and orally efficacious inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit. J Med Chem 2008; 51:3065-8. [PMID: 18447379 DOI: 10.1021/jm800188g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of c-Kit has the potential to treat mast cell associated fibrotic diseases. We report the discovery of several aminoquinazoline pyridones that are potent inhibitors of c-Kit with greater than 200-fold selectivity against KDR, p38, Lck, and Src. In vivo efficacy of pyridone 16 by dose-dependent inhibition of histamine release was demonstrated in a rodent pharmacodynamic model of mast cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essa Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA.
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