1
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Lorkowski J, Yorkgitis P, Serrato MR, Gembicky M, Pietraszuk C, Bertrand G, Jazzar R. Genuine carbene versus carbene-like reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401020. [PMID: 38632078 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Singlet carbenes are not always isolable and often even elude direct detection. When they escape observation, their formation can sometimes be evidenced by in situ trapping experiments. However, is carbene-like reactivity genuine evidence of carbene formation? Herein, using the first example of a spectroscopically characterized cyclic (amino)(aryl)carbene (CAArC), we cast doubt on the most common carbene trapping reactions as sufficient proof of carbene formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lorkowski
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA-92093-0343, USA
| | - Patrick Yorkgitis
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA-92093-0343, USA
| | - Melinda R Serrato
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA-92093-0343, USA
| | - Milan Gembicky
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA-92093-0343, USA
| | - Cezary Pietraszuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA-92093-0343, USA
| | - Rodolphe Jazzar
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA-92093-0343, USA
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2
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Zhao Q, Rahman MM, Zhou T, Yang S, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. Wingtip-Flexible N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Unsymmetrical Connection between IMes and IPr. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318703. [PMID: 38135660 PMCID: PMC10922840 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
IMes (IMes=1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) and IPr (IPr=1,3- bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) represent by far the most frequently used N-heterocyclic carbene ligands in homogeneous catalysis, however, despite numerous advantages, these ligands are limited by the lack of steric flexibility of catalytic pockets. We report a new class of unique unsymmetrical N-heterocyclic carbene ligands that are characterized by freely-rotatable N-aromatic wingtips in the imidazol-2-ylidene architecture. The combination of rotatable N-CH2 Ar bond with conformationally-fixed N-Ar linkage results in a highly modular ligand topology, entering the range of geometries inaccessible to IMes and IPr. These ligands are highly reactive in Cu(I)-catalyzed β-hydroboration, an archetypal borylcupration process that has had a transformative impact on the synthesis of boron-containing compounds. The most reactive Cu(I)-NHC in this class has been commercialized in collaboration with MilliporeSigma to enable broad access of the synthetic chemistry community. The ligands gradually cover %Vbur geometries ranging from 37.3 % to 52.7 %, with the latter representing the largest %Vbur described for an IPr analogue, while retaining full flexibility of N-wingtip. Considering the modular access to novel geometrical space in N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis, we anticipate that this concept will enable new opportunities in organic synthesis, drug discovery and stabilization of reactive metal centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
| | - Md. Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
| | - Tongliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
| | - Shiyi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383 (Poland)
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
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3
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Goswami S, Mandal P, Sarkar S, Mukherjee M, Pal S, Mallick D, Mukherjee D. Flexible NHC-aryloxido aluminum complex and its zwitterionic imidazolium aluminate precursor in ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1346-1354. [PMID: 38164613 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02932h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Anionic donor-functionalized NHC (N-heterocyclic carbene) complexes of Al are rare. We report one such case here, an NHC-aryloxido AlMe2 complex [Al(L)Me2] (2), following a stepwise synthesis from the proligand [HO-4,6-tBu2-C6H2-2-CH2{CH(NCHCHNAr)}]Br [LH2Br; Ar = 2,6-iPr2-C6H3 (Dipp)] and AlMe3via the zwitterionic intermediate [Al(LH)Me2Br] (1). The ligand's flexibility in 2 is evident from the conformational fluxionality revealed by VT-1H NMR spectroscopic analysis. The ∠O-Al-C (ca. 100.5°) bite angle is also wider than the ∠O-Ti-C (ca. 80.6°) as seen in our recently reported Ti complex [Ti(L)(NMe2)2Br]. DFT analysis showed that the CNHC-Al bond is significantly ionic, as is the CNHC-Ti bond. Both 1 and 2 are active in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (CL). 2, similar to [Ti(L)(NMe2)2Br], exhibits bifunctional MLC-type monomer activation, but only at an elevated temperature. However, the 2/BnOH combination is catalytically active at room temperature, likely through a zwitterionic [Al(LH)Me2(OBn)]. The 1/BnOH combination follows a similar mechanism but surprisingly at a faster rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santu Goswami
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, West Bengal, India.
| | - Pranay Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, West Bengal, India.
| | - Subham Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, West Bengal, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India.
| | - Mainak Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India.
| | - Samanwita Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India.
| | - Dibyendu Mallick
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India.
| | - Debabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, West Bengal, India.
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4
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Baweja S, Kazimir A, Lönnecke P, Hey-Hawkins E. Modular Synthesis of Phosphino Hydrazones and Their Use as Ligands in a Palladium-Catalysed Cu-Free Sonogashira Cross-Coupling Reaction. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300163. [PMID: 37155325 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphino hydrazones represent a versatile class of nitrogen-containing phosphine ligands. Herein, we report a modular synthesis of phosphino hydrazone ligands by hydrazone condensation reaction of three different aryl hydrazines with 3-(diphenylphosphino)propanal (PCHO). Complexation reactions of these phosphino hydrazone ligands with palladium(II) and platinum(II) were investigated and the catalytic activity of the palladium(II) complexes was explored in a Cu-free Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction achieving yields up to 96 %. Additionally it was shown that the catalytically active species is homogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saral Baweja
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Kazimir
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Lönnecke
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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5
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Rahman M, Gao P, Zhao Q, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. [Au(Np #)Cl]: Highly Reactive and Broadly Applicable Au(I)─NHC Catalysts for Alkyne π-Activation Reactions. Catal Sci Technol 2023; 13:5131-5139. [PMID: 38464950 PMCID: PMC10923537 DOI: 10.1039/d3cy00717k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Cationic Au(I)─NHC (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) complexes have become an important class of catalysts for alkyne π-activation reactions in organic synthesis. In particular, these complexes are characterized by high stability of catalytic species engendered by strong σ-donation and metal backbonding. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of well-defined [Au(NHC)Cl] complexes featuring recently discovered IPr# family of ligands that hinge upon modular peralkylation of aniline. These ligands have been commercialized in collaboration with MilliporeSigma (IPr#: 915653; Np#: 915912; BIAN-IPr#: 916420). Evaluation of the [Au(NHC)Cl] complexes in a series of Au(I)─NHC-catalyzed π-functionalizations of alkynes, such as hydrocarboxylation, hydroamination and hydration, resulted in the identification of wingtip-flexible [Au(Np#)Cl] as a highly reactive and broadly applicable catalyst with the re-activity outperforming the classical [Au(IPr)Cl] and [Au(IPr*)Cl] complexes. The utility of this catalyst has been demonstrated in the direct late-stage derivatization of complex pharmaceuticals. Structural and computational studies were conducted to determine steric effects, frontier molecular orbitals and bond orders of this class of catalysts. Considering the attractive features of well-defined Au(I)─NHC complexes, we anticipate that this class of bulky and wingtip-flexible Au(I)─NHCs based on the modular peralkylated naphthylamine scaffold will find broad application in π-functionalization of alkynes in various areas of organic synthesis and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Pengcheng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
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6
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Ghadwal RS. 1,3-Imidazole-Based Mesoionic Carbenes and Anionic Dicarbenes: Pushing the Limit of Classical N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304665. [PMID: 37132480 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Classical N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) featuring the carbene center at the C2-position of 1,3-imidazole framework (i.e. C2-carbenes) are well acknowledged as very versatile neutral ligands in molecular as well as in materials sciences. The efficiency and success of NHCs in diverse areas is essentially attributed to their persuasive stereoelectronics, in particular the potent σ-donor property. The NHCs with the carbene center at the unusual C4 (or C5) position, the so-called abnormal NHCs (aNHCs) or mesoionic carbenes (iMICs), are however superior σ-donors than C2-carbenes. Hence, iMICs have substantial potential in sustainable synthesis and catalysis. The main obstacle in this direction is rather demanding synthetic accessibility of iMICs. The aim of this review article is to highlight recent advances, particularly by the author's research group, in accessing stable iMICs, quantifying their properties, and exploring their applications in synthesis and catalysis. In addition, the synthetic viability and use of vicinal C4,C5-anionic dicarbenes (ADCs), also based on an 1,3-imidazole framework, are presented. As will be apparent on following pages, iMICs and ADCs hold potentials in pushing the limit of classical NHCs by enabling access to conceptually new main-group heterocycles, radicals, molecular catalysts, ligands sets, and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra S Ghadwal
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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7
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Pasyukov DV, Shevchenko MA, Astakhov AV, Minyaev ME, Zhang Y, Chernyshev VM, Ananikov VP. New class of RSO 2-NHC ligands and Pd/RSO 2-NHC complexes with tailored electronic properties and high performance in catalytic C-C and C-N bonds formation. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12067-12086. [PMID: 37581341 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02296j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Imidazolium salts have found ubiquitous applications as N-heterocyclic carbene precursors and metal nanoparticle stabilizers in catalysis and metallodrug research. Substituents directly attached to the imidazole ring can have a significant influence on the electronic, steric, and other properties of NHC-proligands as well as their metal complexes. In the present study, for the first time, a new type of Pd/NHC complex with the RSO2 group directly attached to the imidazol-2-ylidene ligand core was designed and synthesized. The electronic properties as well as structural features of the new ligands were evaluated by means of experimental and computational methods. Interestingly, the introduction of a 4-aryl(alkyl)sulfonyl group only slightly decreased the electron donation, but it significantly increased the π-acceptance and slightly enhanced the buried volume (%Vbur) of new imidazol-2-ylidenes. New Pd/NHC complexes were obtained through selective C(2)H-palladation of some of the synthesized 4-RSO2-functionalized imidazolium salts under mild conditions. Several complexes demonstrated good activity in the catalysis of model cross-coupling reactions, outperforming the activity of similar complexes with non-substituted NHC ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Pasyukov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation.
| | - Maxim A Shevchenko
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander V Astakhov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation.
| | - Mikhail E Minyaev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2, Nengyuan Road, Wushan Street, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Victor M Chernyshev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation.
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation.
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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8
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Bevilacqua M, Roverso M, Bogialli S, Graiff C, Biffis A. From Au 11 to Au 13: Tailored Synthesis of Superatomic Di-NHC/PPh 3-Stabilized Molecular Gold Nanoclusters. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1383-1393. [PMID: 36638827 PMCID: PMC9890486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a new method to synthesize molecular gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) stabilized by phosphine (PR3) and di-N-heterocyclic carbene (di-NHC) ligands. The interaction of di-NHC gold(I) complexes, with the general formula [(di-NHC)Au2Cl2] with well-known [Au11(PPh3)8Cl2]Cl clusters provides three new classes of AuNCs through a controllable reaction sequence. The synthesis involves an initial ligand metathesis reaction to produce [Au11(di-NHC)(PPh3)6Cl2]+ (type 1 clusters), followed by a thermally induced rearrangement/metal complex addition with the formation of Au13 clusters [Au13(di-NHC)2(PPh3)4Cl4]+ (type 2 clusters). Finally, an additional metathesis process yields [Au13(di-NHC)3(PPh3)3Cl3]2+ (type 3 clusters). The electronic and steric properties of the employed di-NHC ligand affect the product distribution, leading to the isolation and full characterization of different clusters as the main product. A type 3 cluster has been also structurally characterized and was preliminarily found to be strongly emissive in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bevilacqua
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli
Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131Padova, Italy,Consorzio
per le Reattività Chimiche e la Catalisi (CIRCC), c/o Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli
Studi di Padova, Via
F. Marzolo 1, 35131Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Roverso
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli
Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Bogialli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli
Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131Padova, Italy
| | - Claudia Graiff
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Biffis
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli
Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131Padova, Italy,Consorzio
per le Reattività Chimiche e la Catalisi (CIRCC), c/o Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli
Studi di Padova, Via
F. Marzolo 1, 35131Padova, Italy,
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9
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Bołt M, Mermela A, Żak P. Influence of Bis‐NHC Ligand on Platinum‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Internal Alkynes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Bołt
- Department of Organometallic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan Institution Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego Poznań, 8 61-614 Poznan Poland
| | - Aleksandra Mermela
- Department of Organometallic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan Institution Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego Poznań, 8 61-614 Poznan Poland
| | - Patrycja Żak
- Department of Organometallic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan Institution Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego Poznań, 8 61-614 Poznan Poland
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10
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Ramos-Inza S, Plano D, Sanmartín C. Metal-based compounds containing selenium: An appealing approach towards novel therapeutic drugs with anticancer and antimicrobial effects. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114834. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Rahman MM, Zhao Q, Meng G, Szostak R, Szostak M. [Ni(Np#)(η5-Cp)Cl]: Flexible, Sterically Bulky, Well-Defined, Highly Reactive Complex for Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling. Organometallics 2022; 41:2597-2604. [PMID: 38031540 PMCID: PMC10686542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ni-NHCs (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) have become an increasingly important class of complexes in catalysis and organometallic chemistry owing to the beneficial features of nickel as an abundant 3d metal. However, the development of well-defined and air-stable Ni-NHC complexes for cross-coupling has been more challenging than with Pd-NHC catalysis because of less defined reactivity trends of NHC ancillary ligands coordinated to Ni. Herein, we report the synthesis and catalytic activity of well-defined [Ni(NHC)(η5-Cp)Cl] complexes bearing recently commercialized IPr# family of ligands (Sigma Aldrich) and versatile cyclopentadienyl throw-away ligand. The NHC ligands, IPr#, Np# and BIAN-IPr#, are prepared by robust and modular peralkylation of anilines. Most crucially, we identified [Ni(Np#)(η5-Cp)Cl] as a highly reactive [Ni(NHC)(η5-Cp)Cl] complex, with the reactivity outperforming the classical [Ni(IPr)(η5-Cp)Cl] (IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene). These [Ni(NHC)(η5-Cp)Cl] precatalysts were employed in the Suzuki and Kumada cross-coupling of aryl chlorides and aryl bromides. Computational studies were conducted to determine steric effect and bond order analysis. Considering the attractive features of well-defined Ni-NHCs, we anticipate that this class of bulky and flexible Ni-NHC catalysts will find broad application in organic synthesis and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Guangrong Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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12
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Zapf L, Peters S, Bertermann R, Radius U, Finze M. Tricyanoborane‐Functionalized Anionic N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes: Adjustment of Charge and Stereo‐Electronic Properties. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200275. [PMID: 35535791 PMCID: PMC9401011 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The 1‐methyl‐3‐(tricyanoborane)imidazolin‐2‐ylidenate anion (2) was obtained in high yield by deprotonation of the B(CN)3‐methylimidazole adduct 1. Regarding charge and stereo‐electronic properties, anion 2 closes the gap between well‐known neutral NHCs and the ditopic dianionic NHC, the 1,3‐bis(tricyanoborane)imidazolin‐2‐ylidenate dianion (IIb). The influence of the number of N‐bonded tricyanoborane moieties on the σ‐donating and π‐accepting properties of NHCs was assessed by quantum chemical calculations and verified by experimental data on 2, IIb, and 1,3‐dimethylimidazolin‐2‐ylidene (IMe, IIa). Therefore NHC 2, which acts as a ditopic ligand via the carbene center and the cyano groups, was reacted with alkyl iodides, selenium, and [Ni(CO)4] yielding alkylated imidazoles 3 and 4, the anionic selenium adduct 5, and the anionic nickel tricarbonyl complex 8, respectively. The results of this study prove that charge, number of coordination sites, buried volume (%Vbur) and σ‐donor and π‐acceptor abilities of NHCs can be effectively fine‐tuned via the number of tricyanoborane substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Zapf
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Sven Peters
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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13
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Dimroth rearrangement “thiadiazole-triazole”: synthesis and exploration of 3-sulfanyl-1,2,4-triazolium salts as NHC-proligands. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Maliszewski BP, Ritacco I, Beliš M, Hashim II, Tzouras NV, Caporaso L, Cavallo L, Van Hecke K, Nahra F, Cazin CSJ, Nolan SP. A green route to platinum N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: mechanism and expanded scope. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:6204-6211. [PMID: 35357386 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00504b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A sustainable and facile weak-base synthetic route to platinum N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes is disclosed. The mechanism of this reaction is also elucidated via experimental and computational investigations. This straightforward protocol is then used for the synthesis of novel Pt(II)-NHC complexes and its utility is further explored to access key Pt(0)-NHC precatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benon P Maliszewski
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium. .,VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Separation and Conversion Technology, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Ida Ritacco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Univeristy of Salerno, Via Papa Paolo Giovanni II, Fisciano, I-84084, Italy
| | - Marek Beliš
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ishfaq Ibni Hashim
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Univeristy of Salerno, Via Papa Paolo Giovanni II, Fisciano, I-84084, Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Fady Nahra
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium. .,VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Separation and Conversion Technology, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Catherine S J Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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15
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Dolna M, Nowacki M, Danylyuk O, Brotons-Rufes A, Poater A, Michalak M. NHC-BIAN-Cu(I)-Catalyzed Friedländer-Type Annulation of 2-Amino-3-(per)fluoroacetylpyridines with Alkynes on Water. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6115-6136. [PMID: 35394784 PMCID: PMC9087358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
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The direct catalytic
alkynylation/dehydrative cyclization of 2-amino-3-trifluoroacetyl-pyridines
on water was developed for the efficient synthesis of a broad range
of fluorinated 1,8-naphthyridines from terminal alkynes. A novel N-heterocyclic
carbene (NHC) ligand system that combines a π-extended acenaphthylene
backbone with sterically bulky pentiptycene pendant groups was successfully
utilized in a copper- or silver-mediated cyclization. Computational
analysis of the reaction pathway supports our explanation of the different
experimental conversions and yields for the set of copper and silver
catalysts. The impact of steric hindrance at the metal center and
the flexibility of substituents on the imidazole ring of the NHC on
catalytic performance are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Dolna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Nowacki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oksana Danylyuk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Brotons-Rufes
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Michał Michalak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Zhang J, Rahman MM, Zhao Q, Feliciano J, Bisz E, Dziuk B, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Nickel(II) from Caffeine and Theophylline: Sustainable Alternative to Imidazol-2-ylidenes. Organometallics 2022; 41:1806-1815. [PMID: 36213557 PMCID: PMC9534456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Xanthines, such as caffeine and theophylline, are abundant natural products that are often present in foods. Leveraging renewable and benign resources for ligand design in organometallic chemistry and catalysis is one of the major missions of green and sustainable chemistry. In this Special Issue on Sustainable Organometallic Chemistry, we report the first nickel-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes derived from Xanthines. Well-defined, air- and moisture-stable, half-sandwich, cyclopentadienyl [CpNi(NHC)I] nickel-NHC complexes are prepared from the natural products caffeine and theophylline. The model complex has been characterized by x-ray crystallography. The evaluation of steric, electron-donating and π-accepting properties is presented. High activity in the model Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling is demonstrated. The data show that nickel-N-heterocyclic carbenes derived from both Earth abundant 3d transition metal and renewable natural products represent a sustainable alternative to the classical imidazol-2-ylidenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Md. Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Jessica Feliciano
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, Wroclaw 50-373, Poland
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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17
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Kooij B, Dong Z, Varava P, Fadaei-Tirani F, Scopelliti R, Piveteau L, Severin K. Vanadium complexes with N-heterocyclic vinylidene ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4204-4207. [PMID: 35274647 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00768a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and the structural characterization of vanadium complexes with terminal and bridging N-heterocyclic vinylidene ligands is reported. The synthesis of the complexes was enabled by utilization of diazoolefins as ligand precursors. Structural data and theoretical results show that N-heterocyclic vinylidenes can act as 6e- donor ligands, leading to strong metal-carbon interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan Kooij
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Zhaowen Dong
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Paul Varava
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Laura Piveteau
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
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18
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Abstract
Inspired by the role of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) in natural enzymatic processes, chemists have harnessed the umpolung (polarity reversal) reactivity of these reactive, Lewis basic species over the past few decades to construct key chemical bonds. While NHCs continue to play a role in two-electron transformations, their unique redox properties enable a variety of useful, stabilized radical species to be accessed via single-electron oxidation or reduction. As a result, their utility in synthesis has grown rapidly concurrent with the revival of radical chemistry, highlighted by their extensive use as reactive single-electron species in recent years.
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19
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Cui P, Mu Y, Gao H, Guo R, Kong L, Cui C. Bulky lithium amides for para-elementation of secondary m-terphenylamines. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Muthuvel K, Gandhi T. C–F Bond Activation and Functionalizations enabled by Metal‐free NHCs and Their Metal Complexes. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karthick Muthuvel
- Vellore Institute of Technology: VIT University Department of Chemistry INDIA
| | - Thirumanavelan Gandhi
- VIT University Materials Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences VIT University 632014 Vellore INDIA
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21
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Pasyukov DV, Shevchenko MA, Shepelenko KE, Khazipov OV, Burykina JV, Gordeev EG, Minyaev ME, Chernyshev VM, Ananikov VP. One‐Step Access to Heteroatom‐Functionalized Imidazol(in)ium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V. Pasyukov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) Prosveschenya 132 Novocherkassk 346428 Russia
| | - Maxim A. Shevchenko
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) Prosveschenya 132 Novocherkassk 346428 Russia
| | - Konstantin E. Shepelenko
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) Prosveschenya 132 Novocherkassk 346428 Russia
| | - Oleg V. Khazipov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) Prosveschenya 132 Novocherkassk 346428 Russia
| | - Julia V. Burykina
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Evgeniy G. Gordeev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Mikhail E. Minyaev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Victor M. Chernyshev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) Prosveschenya 132 Novocherkassk 346428 Russia
| | - Valentine P. Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
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22
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Matsuki T, Teramoto H, Ichihara R, Inui K, Sakaguchi S. Asymmetric silane reduction of ketones and β-Keto esters catalyzed by a chiral azolium/iridium system in the presence of a base in methanol at room temperature. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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23
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Pasyukov D, Shevchenko M, Shepelenko K, Khazipov O, Burykina J, Gordeev E, Minyaev M, Chernyshev V, Ananikov VP. One-Step Access to Heteroatom-Functionalized Imidazol(in)ium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202116131. [PMID: 34963027 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Imidazolium salts have ubiquitous applications in energy research, catalysis, materials and medicinal sciences. Here, we report a new strategy for the synthesis of diverse heteroatom-functionalized imidazolium and imidazolinium salts from easily available 1,4-diaza-1,3-butadienes in one step. The strategy relies on a discovered family of unprecedented nucleophilic addition/cyclization reactions with trialkyl orthoformates and heteroatomic nucleophiles. To probe general areas of application, synthesized N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors were feasible for direct metallation to give functionalized M/carbene complexes (M = Pd, Ni, Cu, Ag, Au), which were isolated in individual form. The utility of chloromethyl function for the postmodification of the synthesized salts and Pd/carbene complexes was demonstrated. The obtained complexes and imidazolium salts demonstrated good activities in Pd- or Ni-catalyzed model cross-coupling and C-H activation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Pasyukov
- Uzno-Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj politehniceskij universitet NPI imeni M I Platova, Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Maxim Shevchenko
- Uzno-Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj politehniceskij universitet NPI imeni M I Platova, Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Konstantin Shepelenko
- Uzno-Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj politehniceskij universitet NPI imeni M I Platova, Chemitry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Oleg Khazipov
- Uzno-Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj politehniceskij universitet NPI imeni M I Platova, Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Julia Burykina
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN, Catalysis, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Evgeniy Gordeev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN, Catalysis, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Mikhail Minyaev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN, Catalysis, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Victor Chernyshev
- Uzno-Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj politehniceskij universitet NPI imeni M I Platova, Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, 119991, Moscow, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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24
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Burilov V, Mironova D, Sultanova E, Garipova R, Evtugyn V, Solovieva S, Antipin I. NHC Polymeric Particles Obtained by Self-Assembly and Click Approach of Calix[4]Arene Amphiphiles as Support for Catalytically Active Pd Nanoclusters. Molecules 2021; 26:6864. [PMID: 34833956 PMCID: PMC8625650 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new polymeric NHC carrier was synthesized by sequential supramolecular self-assembly and copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) of amphiphilic imidazolium calix[4]arenes with octyl lipophilic fragments. Obtained polytriazole-imidazolium particles were found as monodisperse submicron particles, with the average diameter of 236 ± 34 nm and average molecular weight of 1380 ± 96 kDa. Successful CuAAC polymerization has been proved using IR spectroscopy and high-resolution ESI mass spectrometry. Polymeric particles, as well as aggregates made from precursor macrocycles, were decorated by Pd clusters (2 nm) for further catalytic investigations. Pd nanoclusters, supported on the polymeric surface, were found highly catalytically active in the model reduction of p-nitrophenol, giving reaction rates an order of magnitude higher compared to literature examples. The reaction was recycled using the same catalyst five times without any loss of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Burilov
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Str., 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.M.); (E.S.); (R.G.); (V.E.); (I.A.)
| | - Diana Mironova
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Str., 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.M.); (E.S.); (R.G.); (V.E.); (I.A.)
| | - Elsa Sultanova
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Str., 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.M.); (E.S.); (R.G.); (V.E.); (I.A.)
| | - Ramila Garipova
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Str., 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.M.); (E.S.); (R.G.); (V.E.); (I.A.)
| | - Vladimir Evtugyn
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Str., 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.M.); (E.S.); (R.G.); (V.E.); (I.A.)
| | - Svetlana Solovieva
- A.E.Arbuzov Institute of Organic & Physical Chemistry, 8 Arbuzov Str., 420008 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Igor Antipin
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Str., 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.M.); (E.S.); (R.G.); (V.E.); (I.A.)
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25
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Pablo Martínez J, Solà M, Poater A. Predictive Catalysis in Olefin Metathesis with Ru-based Catalysts with Annulated C 60 Fullerenes in the N-heterocyclic Carbenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:18074-18083. [PMID: 34523164 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Predictive catalysis must be the tool that does not replace experiments, but acts as a selective agent, so that synthetic strategies of maximum profitability are used in the laboratory in a surgical way. Here, nanotechnology has been used in olefin metathesis from homogeneous Ru-NHC catalysts, specifically annulating a C60 fullerene to the NHC ligand. Based on results with the C60 in the backbone, a sterile change with respect to the catalysis of the metal center, an attempt has been made to bring C60 closer to the metal, by attaching it to one of the two C-N bonds of the imidazole group of the SIMes (1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene) ligand (reference NHC ligand of the 2nd generation Grubbs catalysts) to increase the steric pressure of C60 in the first sphere of reactivity of the metal. The DFT calculated thermodynamics and the kinetics of SIMes-derived systems show that they are efficient catalysts for olefin metathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Martínez
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Catalonia, Girona, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Catalonia, Girona, Spain
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Catalonia, Girona, Spain
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26
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Zapf L, Radius U, Finze M. 1,3-Bis(tricyanoborane)imidazoline-2-ylidenate Anion-A Ditopic Dianionic N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17974-17980. [PMID: 33961330 PMCID: PMC8453866 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The 1,3-bis(tricyanoborane)imidazolate anion 1 was obtained in high yield from lithium imidazolate and B(CN)3 -pyridine adduct. Anion 1 is chemically very robust and thus allowed the isolation of the corresponding H5 O2 + salt. Furthermore, monoanion 1 served as starting species for the novel dianionic N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC), 1,3-bis(tricyanoborane)imidazoline-2-ylidenate anion 3 that acts as ditopic ligand via the carbene center and the cyano groups at boron. First reactions of this new NHC 3 with methyl iodide, elemental selenium, and [Ni(CO)4 ] led to the methylated imidazolate ion 4, the dianionic selenium adduct 5, and the dianionic nickel tricarbonyl complex 6. These NHC derivatives provide a first insight into the electronic and steric properties of the dianionic NHC 3. Especially the combination of properties, such as double negative charge, different coordination sites, large buried volume and good σ-donor and π-acceptor ability, make NHC 3 a unique and promising ligand and building block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Zapf
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB)Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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27
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Zapf L, Radius U, Finze M. Das 1,3‐Bis(tricyanoboran)imidazolin‐2‐ylidenat‐Anion – Ein ditopischer dianionischer N‐heterocyclischer Carben‐Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Zapf
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB) Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB) Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Maik Finze
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB) Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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28
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Twycross D, Davey CJ, Cole ML, McKay AI. Stereoelectronic Characterization and Catalytic Potential of a 1,3‐Bis(2,6‐terphenyl)‐Substituted N‐Heterocyclic Carbene. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Twycross
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Kensington NSW, 2052 Australia
| | - Christopher J. Davey
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Kensington NSW, 2052 Australia
| | - Marcus L. Cole
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Kensington NSW, 2052 Australia
| | - Alasdair I. McKay
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Kensington NSW, 2052 Australia
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton VIC 3080 Australia
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29
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Hoshimoto Y, Nagai S, Hinogami T, Hazra S, Ogoshi S. N
‐Phosphine Imide‐Substituted Imidazolylidenes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Hoshimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering Osaka University Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Shun Nagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering Osaka University Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Takaya Hinogami
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering Osaka University Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Sunit Hazra
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering Osaka University Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Sensuke Ogoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering Osaka University Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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