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Jorge JS, Santos RL, de Sena Monte O, Freire EMX, Caliman A. The Arrow Macambira (Encholirium spectabile: Bromeliaceae) as an Important Habitat for the Arthropod Fauna in Rocky Outcrops of the Brazilian Semi-Arid Region. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:568-577. [PMID: 38687426 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01145-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Bromeliads play a vital role in preserving biodiversity in the Neotropical region. To understand their impact on arthropod diversity in Brazil's semi-arid region, we studied the rupicolous bromeliad Encholirium spectabile. From 2011 to 2018, we observed the arthropod fauna in E. spectabile clumps, documenting the associated taxa, their abundance, and interactions. We also investigated how seasonality affects arthropod richness and composition during the dry and rainy seasons. Over the observation period, 15 orders and 57 arthropod families were recorded in association with E. spectabile. Insecta dominated, followed by predatory chelicerates. Eight usage categories were identified, with Shelter being the most prevalent, followed by Predators, Nesters, and Nectarivores. Significant differences in taxonomic richness were noted between rainy and dry seasons, with the rainy season exhibiting higher diversity. Seasonal variation was also observed in species composition. Clumps of E. spectabile emerged as crucial habitats for surrounding arthropod fauna. This research underscores the importance of non-phylotelm bromeliads, particularly in high abiotic stress environments like semi-arid regions. The taxonomic diversity observed aligns with findings from diverse environments, shedding light on the relevance of E. spectabile for associated arthropod fauna. These results prompt further exploration of non-phylotelm bromeliads in semi-arid settings, providing a fresh perspective on their significance in shaping arthropod communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueiuto S Jorge
- Departament of Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Lima Santos
- Departament of Botanic and Zoology, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil
| | - Otávio de Sena Monte
- Departament of Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Eliza Maria X Freire
- Departament of Botanic and Zoology, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil
| | - Adriano Caliman
- Departament of Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil
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2
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Armstrong JT, Bulluck LP, Davidson AT, Stunkle CR, Vonesh JR. Regional and local factors interact to shape colonization and extinction dynamics of invasive Hydrilla verticillata in a patchy landscape. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11558. [PMID: 38895573 PMCID: PMC11184213 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the response of species to global change requires disentangling the drivers of their distributions across landscapes. Colonization and extinction processes, shaped by the interplay of landscape-level and local patch-level factors, are key determinants of these distributions. However, disentangling the influence of these factors, when larger-scale processes manifest at local scales, remains a challenge. We addressed this challenge by investigating the colonization and extinction dynamics of the aquatic plant, Hydrilla verticillata, in a complex riverine rock pool system. This system, with hundreds of rock pools experiencing varying flooding frequencies, provided a natural laboratory to examine how a single landscape-level disturbance can differentially impact colonization and extinction depending on local patch characteristics to shape species distributions. Using 5 years of data across over 500 sites and more than 5000 surveys, we employed dynamic occupancy models to model colonization, extinction, and changes in Hydrilla patch occupancy while accounting for imperfect detection. Our results revealed that larger, infrequently flooded pools closer to the river were more likely to be colonized. In contrast, local extinction of Hydrilla was more likely in smaller pools closer to the river that flooded frequently. These findings underscore the importance of considering context-dependence in species distribution models. The same landscape-level disturbance (flooding) had opposing effects on colonization and extinction, with the direction and magnitude of these effects varying with local patch characteristics. Our study highlights the need for integrating local and landscape-level factors, and considering how larger-scale processes play out at the patch level, to understand the complex dynamics that shape species distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T. Armstrong
- Department of Integrative Life SciencesVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Lesley P. Bulluck
- Center for Environmental StudiesVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Andrew T. Davidson
- Department of Integrative Life SciencesVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Charles Ryland Stunkle
- Department of Integrative Life SciencesVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - James R. Vonesh
- Center for Environmental StudiesVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
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3
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Séguigne M, Leroy C, Carrias JF, Corbara B, Lafont Rapnouil T, Céréghino R. Interactive effects of drought and deforestation on multitrophic communities and aquatic ecosystem functions in the Neotropics-a test using tank bromeliads. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17346. [PMID: 38737739 PMCID: PMC11088369 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Together with the intensification of dry seasons in Neotropical regions, increasing deforestation is expected to exacerbate species extinctions, something that could lead to dramatic shifts in multitrophic communities and ecosystem functions. Recent studies suggest that the effects of habitat loss are greater where precipitation has decreased. Yet, experimental studies of the pure and interactive effects of drought and deforestation at ecosystem level remain scarce. Methods Here, we used rainshelters and transplantation from rainforest to open areas of natural microcosms (the aquatic ecosystem and microbial-faunal food web found within the rainwater-filled leaves of tank bromeliads) to emulate drought and deforestation in a full factorial experimental design. We analysed the pure and interactive effects of our treatments on functional community structure (including microorganisms, detritivore and predatory invertebrates), and on leaf litter decomposition in tank bromeliad ecosystems. Results Drought or deforestation alone had a moderate impact on biomass at the various trophic level, but did not eliminate species. However, their interaction synergistically reduced the biomass of all invertebrate functional groups and bacteria. Predators were the most impacted trophic group as they were totally eliminated, while detritivore biomass was reduced by about 95%. Fungal biomass was either unaffected or boosted by our treatments. Decomposition was essentially driven by microbial activity, and did not change across treatments involving deforestation and/or drought. Conclusions Our results suggest that highly resistant microorganisms such as fungi (plus a few detritivores) maintain key ecosystem functions in the face of drought and habitat change. We conclude that habitat destruction compounds the problems of climate change, that the impacts of the two phenomena on food webs are mutually reinforcing, and that the stability of ecosystem functions depends on the resistance of a core group of organisms. Assuming that taking global action is more challenging than taking local-regional actions, policy-makers should be encouraged to implement environmental action plans that will halt habitat destruction, to dampen any detrimental interactive effect with the impacts of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Séguigne
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l’Environnement (CRBE), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3—Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Leroy
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Campus agronomique, Kourou, France
| | - Jean-François Carrias
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Corbara
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tristan Lafont Rapnouil
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l’Environnement (CRBE), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3—Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Campus agronomique, Kourou, France
| | - Régis Céréghino
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l’Environnement (CRBE), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3—Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
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Sunish IP, Prem Kumar A, Thiruvengadam K, Shriram AN. Biodiversity of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in phytotelmata from Car Nicobar Island, India. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38708567 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485324000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The Culicidae mosquito family breeds in various natural and artificial water bodies. Phytotelmata are plant structures that hold water and are used by many mosquito species during their life cycle. Mosquitoes are disease vectors, and phytotelmata play an important role in harbouring them. Investigating these phytotelmata will facilitate to develop appropriate site specific vector control strategy. Approximately 750 phytotelmata in 16 locations on Car Nicobar Island was examined. Mosquito larvae were collected from different habitats such as tree holes, root holes, leaf axils, and bamboo stumps. On average, the number of larvae per 10 ml of water ranged from 0.003 to 3.833. Among the 16 mosquito species identified, there were vectors of malaria (Anopheles sundaicus), dengue (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) and filariasis (Culex quinquefasciatus), belonging to seven genera. The most common phytotelmata were coconut trees (17.5%) followed by Java apple trees (10.3%) and bamboo stumps (7.1%). The most widespread mosquito species was Aedes edwardsi, followed by Aedes malayensis and Ae. albopictus, and the per cent of phytotelmata that contained these species were 42.6, 22.0, and 16.8% respectively. Anopheles mosquitoes had the highest container index (6.1%) in root holes, while Aedes and Culex mosquitoes were more frequently found in bamboo stumps. The alpha biodiversity indices indicated that the mosquito population in Car Nicobar Island was highly diverse (S = 16; DMg = 36.9). Tree holes showed the highest diversity, as all 16 species were collected from them. Assessment of phytotelmata, there is a significant relationship observed between mosquito genus, village, habitat, and tree families, on the remote island of Car Nicobar. Considering the presence of disease-transmitting mosquito vectors in the phytotelmata, these habitats should be considered when implementing control measures to eliminate mosquito-borne infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- I P Sunish
- ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Addepalli Prem Kumar
- ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Kannan Thiruvengadam
- ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India
| | - A N Shriram
- ICMR - Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry, India
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5
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Harman RR, Kim TN. Differentiating spillover: an examination of cross-habitat movement in ecology spillover in ecology. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232707. [PMID: 38351801 PMCID: PMC10865012 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Organisms that immigrate into a recipient habitat generate a movement pattern that affects local population dynamics and the environment. Spillover is the pattern of unidirectional movement from a donor habitat to a different, adjacent recipient habitat. However, ecological definitions are often generalized to include any cross-habitat movement, which limits within- and cross-discipline collaboration. To assess spillover nomenclature, we reviewed 337 studies within the agriculture, disease, fisheries and habitat fragmentation disciplines. Each study's definition of spillover and the methods used were analysed. We identified four descriptors (movement, habitat type and arrangement, and effect) used that differentiate spillover from other cross-habitat movement patterns (dispersal, foray loops and edge movement). Studies often define spillover as movement (45%) but rarely measure it as such (4%), particularly in disease and habitat fragmentation disciplines. Consequently, 98% of studies could not distinguish linear from returning movement out of a donor habitat, which can overestimate movement distance. Overall, few studies (12%) included methods that matched their own definition, revealing a distinct mismatch. Because theory shows that long-term impacts of the different movement patterns can vary, differentiating spillover from other movement patterns is necessary for effective long-term and inter-disciplinary management of organisms that use heterogeneous landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R. Harman
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 123 W. Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Tania N. Kim
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 123 W. Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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6
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Troell S, Jönsson KI. Occurrence of tardigrades and morphometric and chemical conditions in rock pools by the Baltic Sea. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19776. [PMID: 37957290 PMCID: PMC10643634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rock pools are eroded depressions in bedrock providing temporary aquatic habitats with varying morphometric and chemical conditions. Tardigrades have adapted to many habitats with varying and extreme abiotic conditions, including desiccation, but their occurrence in rock pools have rarely been investigated. This study investigated the occurrence of tardigrades and the morphometric and chemical conditions in rock pools by the Baltic Sea in southeast Sweden. Samples of benthic material were collected from rock pools at three sites near the town Karlshamn together with measurements of pool size, pH, temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen of the water. Tardigrades occurred in about one fifth of the rock pools and included five eutardigrade genera. Also rotifers and nematodes were observed in the samples. The morphometric and chemical variables varied both within and among the three sites but with few differences between rock pools with or without tardigrades. However, rock pools with tardigrades tended to be overall shallower than pools without tardigrades, indicating that more desiccating-prone rock pools may be more favourable habitats for tardigrades. The study shows that tardigrades are part of the micro-invertebrate fauna in rock pools and this habitat deserves more investigations into the occurrence of this animal group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Troell
- Department of Environmental Science, Kristianstad University, 291 88, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - K Ingemar Jönsson
- Department of Environmental Science, Kristianstad University, 291 88, Kristianstad, Sweden.
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7
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Zhao Y, Liu Z, Zhang B, Cai J, Yao X, Zhang M, Deng Y, Hu B. Inter-bacterial mutualism promoted by public goods in a system characterized by deterministic temperature variation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5394. [PMID: 37669961 PMCID: PMC10480208 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutualism is commonly observed in nature but not often reported for bacterial communities. Although abiotic stress is thought to promote microbial mutualism, there is a paucity of research in this area. Here, we monitor microbial communities in a quasi-natural composting system, where temperature variation (20 °C-70 °C) is the main abiotic stress. Genomic analyses and culturing experiments provide evidence that temperature selects for slow-growing and stress-tolerant strains (i.e., Thermobifida fusca and Saccharomonospora viridis), and mutualistic interactions emerge between them and the remaining strains through the sharing of cobalamin. Comparison of 3000 bacterial pairings reveals that mutualism is common (~39.1%) and competition is rare (~13.9%) in pairs involving T. fusca and S. viridis. Overall, our work provides insights into how high temperature can favour mutualism and reduce competition at both the community and species levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Zhao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zishu Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baofeng Zhang
- Hangzhou Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjie Cai
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangwu Yao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baolan Hu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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8
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Lehtinen RM. Empirical Evidence for the Rescue Effect from a Natural Microcosm. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1907. [PMID: 37370418 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological theory predicts that populations which receive immigrants are less vulnerable to extinction than those that do not receive immigrants (the "rescue effect"). A parallel but opposite process may also exist, where emigration increases the risk of local extinction (the "abandon-ship effect"). Using a natural microcosm of plant-specialist frogs from Madagascar, empirical evidence for both processes is provided. Populations receiving immigrants were less extinction-prone than those without immigration, and those populations losing individuals through emigration were more extinction-prone than those in which no emigration occurred. The number of immigrants and emigrants was also elevated and depressed (respectively) in patches that did not go extinct. These data provide some of the first definitive empirical evidence for the rescue effect and provide suggestive initial data on the abandon-ship effect. Both of these processes may be important to understanding the dynamics of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Lehtinen
- Division of Reptiles and Amphibians, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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9
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Watanabe K, Yoshida T, Nakamura A. Effects of resource size on invertebrate assemblages in water-filled treeholes. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2022.103884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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10
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Progênio M, Antiqueira PAP, Oliveira FR, Meira BR, Lansac‐Tôha FM, Rodrigues LC, Romero GQ, Nash LN, Kratina P, Velho LFM. Effects of warming on the structure of aquatic communities in tropical bromeliad microecosystems. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9824. [PMID: 36844665 PMCID: PMC9944163 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Freshwaters are among the most vulnerable ecosystems to climate warming, with projected temperature increases over the coming decades leading to significant losses of aquatic biodiversity. Experimental studies that directly warm entire natural ecosystems in the tropics are needed, for understanding the disturbances on aquatic communities. Therefore, we conducted an experiment to test the impacts of predicted future warming on density, alpha diversity, and beta diversity of freshwater aquatic communities, inhabiting natural microecosystems-Neotropical tank bromeliads. Aquatic communities within the tanks bromeliads were experimentally exposed to warming, with temperatures ranging from 23.58 to 31.72°C. Linear regression analysis was used to test the impacts of warming. Next, distance-based redundancy analysis was performed to assess how warming might alter total beta diversity and its components. This experiment was conducted across a gradient of habitat size (bromeliad water volume) and availability of detrital basal resources. A combination of the highest detritus biomass and higher experimental temperatures resulted in the greatest density of flagellates. However, the density of flagellates declined in bromeliads with higher water volume and lower detritus biomass. Moreover, the combination of the highest water volume and high temperature reduced density of copepods. Finally, warming changed microfauna species composition, mostly through species substitution (β repl component of total beta-diversity). These findings indicate that warming strongly structures freshwater communities by reducing or increasing densities of different aquatic communities groups. It also enhances beta-diversity, and many of these effects are modulated by habitat size or detrital resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Progênio
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos ContinentaisUniversidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM)MaringáParanáBrazil
| | - Pablo A. P. Antiqueira
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia (IB)Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasSão PauloBrazil
| | - Felipe R. Oliveira
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos ContinentaisUniversidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM)MaringáParanáBrazil
| | - Bianca R. Meira
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos ContinentaisUniversidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM)MaringáParanáBrazil,Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e AmbienteUniversidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP)Ouro PretoMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Fernando M. Lansac‐Tôha
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos ContinentaisUniversidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM)MaringáParanáBrazil
| | - Luzia C. Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos ContinentaisUniversidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM)MaringáParanáBrazil,Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e AquiculturaUniversidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM)MaringáParanáBrazil
| | - Gustavo Q. Romero
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia (IB)Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)CampinasSão PauloBrazil
| | - Liam N. Nash
- School of Biological and Behavioural SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Pavel Kratina
- School of Biological and Behavioural SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Luiz F. M. Velho
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos ContinentaisUniversidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM)MaringáParanáBrazil,Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e AquiculturaUniversidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM)MaringáParanáBrazil
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11
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Whatmore R, Wood PJ, Dwyer C, Millett J. Prey capture by the non‐native carnivorous pitcher plant
Sarracenia purpurea
across sites in Britain and Ireland. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9588. [DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Whatmore
- Geography and Environment Loughborough University Loughborough UK
| | - Paul J. Wood
- Geography and Environment Loughborough University Loughborough UK
| | - Ciara Dwyer
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Jonathan Millett
- Geography and Environment Loughborough University Loughborough UK
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12
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Cuellar-Gempeler C, terHorst CP, Mason OU, Miller T. Predator dispersal influences predator distribution but not prey diversity in pitcher plant microbial metacommunities. Ecology 2022; 104:e3912. [PMID: 36335567 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of predators can affect both the distribution and diversity of their prey. Therefore, differences in predator dispersal ability that affect their spatial distribution, could also affect prey communities. Here, we use the microbial communities within pitcher plant leaves as a model system to test the relationship between predator (protozoa) dispersal ability and distribution, and its consequences for prey (bacteria) diversity and composition. We hypothesized that limited predator dispersal results in clustered distributions and heterogeneous patches for prey species, whereas wide predator dispersal and distribution could homogenize prey metacommunities. We analyzed the distribution of two prominent bacterivore protozoans from a 2-year survey of an intact field of Sarracenia purpurea pitcher plants, and found a clustered distribution of Tetrahymena and homogeneous distribution of Poterioochromonas. We manipulated the sources of protozoan colonists and recorded protozoan recruitment and bacterial diversity in target leaves in a field experiment. We found the large ciliate, Tetrahymena, was dispersal limited and occupied few leaves, whereas the small flagellate Poterioochromonas was widely dispersed. However, the bacterial communities these protozoans feed on was unaffected by clustering of Tetrahymena, but likely influenced by Poterioochromonas and other bacterivores dispersing in the field. We propose that bacterial communities in this system are structured by a combination of well dispersed bacterivores, bacterial dispersal, and bottom-up mechanisms. Clustered predators could become strong drivers of prey communities if they were specialists or keystone predators, or if they exerted a dominant influence on other predators in top-down controlled systems. Linking dispersal ability within trophic levels and its consequences for trophic dynamics can lead to a more robust perspective on trophic metacommunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Cuellar-Gempeler
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, California, USA
| | - Casey P terHorst
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, California, USA
| | - Olivia U Mason
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas Miller
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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13
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Petermann JS, Gossner MM. Aquatic islands in the sky: 100 years of research on water-filled tree holes. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9206. [PMID: 35983173 PMCID: PMC9374645 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Water‐filled tree holes are unique ecosystems that may occur high up in tree crowns and are essentially aquatic islands in the sky. Insect larvae, mesofauna, and other organisms colonize the waterbodies and feed on the accumulating detritus. Water‐filled tree holes are not only important habitats for these species but have been used as model systems in ecology. Here, we review more than 100 years of research on tree‐hole inhabiting organisms and show that most studies focus on selected or even single species (most of which are mosquitoes), whereas only few studies examine groups other than insects, especially in the tropics. Using a vote counting of results and a meta‐analysis of community studies, we show that the effects of tree‐hole size and resources on abundance and richness were investigated most frequently. Both were found to have a positive effect, but effect sizes were modulated by site‐specific environmental variables such as temperature or precipitation. We also show that parameters such as the height of the tree holes above ground, tree‐hole density, predation, and detritus type can be important drivers of organism abundance or richness but are less often tested. We identify several important research gaps and potential avenues for future research. Specifically, future studies should investigate the structure, functions, and temporal dynamics of tree‐hole food webs and their cross‐system interactions, for example, with terrestrial predators that act as a connection to their terrestrial surroundings in meta‐ecosystems. Global observational or experimental tree‐hole studies could contribute pivotal information on spatial variation of community structure and environmental drivers of community assembly. With a better understanding of these unique aquatic habitats in terrestrial ecosystems, natural and artificial tree holes can not only serve as model systems for addressing fundamental ecological questions but also serve as indicator systems of the impacts of environmental change on ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana S Petermann
- Department of Environment and Biodiversity University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Forest Entomology Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland.,ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems Zurich Switzerland
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Srivastava DS, MacDonald AAM, Pillar VD, Kratina P, Debastiani VJ, Guzman LM, Trzcinski MK, Dézerald O, Barberis IM, de Omena PM, Romero GQ, Ospina Bautista F, Marino NAC, Leroy C, Farjalla VF, Richardson BA, Gonçalves AZ, Corbara B, Petermann JS, Richardson MJ, Melnychuk MC, Jocqué M, Ngai JT, Talaga S, Piccoli GCO, Montero G, Kirby KR, Starzomski BM, Céréghino R. Geographical variation in the trait‐based assembly patterns of multitrophic invertebrate communities. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diane S. Srivastava
- Department of Zoology & Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - A. Andrew M. MacDonald
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, CNRS Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier Toulouse France
- Centre for the Synthesis and Analysis of Biodiversity (CESAB‐FRB), Montpellier, France the Synthesis and Analysis of Biodiversity (CESAB‐FRB), Aix‐en‐Provence France
| | - Valério D. Pillar
- Department of Ecology and Graduate Program in Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Pavel Kratina
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Vanderlei J. Debastiani
- Department of Ecology and Graduate Program in Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Laura Melissa Guzman
- Department of Zoology & Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC Canada
| | - M. Kurtis Trzcinski
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Olivier Dézerald
- EcoFoG, Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, CNRS UMR 8172 Kourou France
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystems Health, INRAE, Agrocampus Ouest, 35042 Rennes France
| | - Ignacio M. Barberis
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario, IICAR‐CONICET‐UNR, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Zavalla Argentina
| | - Paula M. de Omena
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions and Biodiversity, Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology University of Campinas Campinas SP Brazil
- Institute of Biological Sciences Federal University of Pará Belém PA Brazil
| | - Gustavo Q. Romero
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions and Biodiversity, Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology University of Campinas Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Fabiola Ospina Bautista
- Department of Biological Sciences Andes University Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Caldas Colombia Colombia
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Caldas Colombia
| | - Nicholas A. C. Marino
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Céline Leroy
- AMAP, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD Montpellier France
- ECOFOG, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université de Guyane, Université des Kourou France
| | - Vinicius F. Farjalla
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Barbara A. Richardson
- Edinburgh UK
- Luquillo LTER, Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies University of Puerto Rico San Juan Puerto Rico
| | - Ana Z. Gonçalves
- Department of Botany, Biosciences Institute University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Bruno Corbara
- Laboratoire Microorganismes, Génome et Environnement Université Clermont Auvergne Aubière France
| | | | - Michael J. Richardson
- Edinburgh UK
- Luquillo LTER, Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies University of Puerto Rico San Juan Puerto Rico
| | | | - Merlijn Jocqué
- Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecology Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences Brussels Belgium
| | - Jacqueline T. Ngai
- Department of Zoology & Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Stanislas Talaga
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Unité d’Entomologie Médicale Cayenne France
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD Montpellier France
| | - Gustavo C. O. Piccoli
- Department of Zoology and Botany University of São Paulo State São José do Rio Preto SP Brazil
| | - Guillermo Montero
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario, IICAR‐CONICET‐UNR, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Zavalla Argentina
| | - Kathryn R. Kirby
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | | | - Régis Céréghino
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, CNRS Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier Toulouse France
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15
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Miller TE, Pastore A, Cuellar-Gempeler C, Canter E, Mason OU. Effects of community richness and competitive asymmetry on protozoa evolution in Sarracenia purpurea leaves. Am Nat 2022; 200:691-703. [DOI: 10.1086/721010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Roos RE, Birkemoe T, Bokhorst S, Wardle DA, Asplund J. The importance of foundation species identity: a field experiment with lichens and their associated micro-arthropod communities. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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17
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Medeiros ÍLS, de Melo AL, de Melo M. Aquatic invertebrate diversity in tank bromeliads in an enclaved wet forest in Brazil’s semiarid region. STUDIES ON NEOTROPICAL FAUNA AND ENVIRONMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01650521.2022.2053459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Íttalo Luã Silva Medeiros
- Serra Talhada Academic Unit - UAST, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE, Serra Talhada, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - André Laurênio de Melo
- Serra Talhada Academic Unit - UAST, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE, Serra Talhada, Brazil
| | - Mauro de Melo
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, Brazil
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18
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Céréghino R, Trzcinski MK, MacDonald AAM, Marino NA, Acosta Mercado D, Leroy C, Corbara B, Romero GQ, Farjalla VF, Barberis IM, Dézerald O, Hammill E, Atwood TB, Piccoli GC, Ospina Bautista F, Carrias J, Leal JS, Montero G, Antiqueira PA, Freire R, Realpe E, Amundrud SL, Omena PM, Campos AB, Srivastava DS. Functional redundancy dampens precipitation change impacts on species‐rich invertebrate communities across the Neotropics. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Régis Céréghino
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement Université de Toulouse CNRS Toulouse France
| | - M. Kurtis Trzcinski
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada
| | - A. Andrew M. MacDonald
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science Montreal QC H3A 1B1 Canada
- Centre for the Synthesis and Analysis of Biodiversity (CESAB‐FRB) Aix‐en‐Provence France
| | - Nicholas A.C. Marino
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) CP 68020 Rio de Janeiro/RJ Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia Instituto de Biologia Centro de Ciências da Saúde Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro PO Box 68020 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Dimaris Acosta Mercado
- Department of Biology University of Puerto Rico ‐ Mayagüez Campus Mayagüez 00681 Puerto Rico USA
| | - Céline Leroy
- AMAP Univ. Montpellier CIRAD CNRS INRA IRD Montpellier France
- ECOFOG CIRAD CNRS INRAE Université de Guyane Université des Antilles AgroParisTech 97379 Kourou France
| | - Bruno Corbara
- Université Clermont‐Auvergne CNRS LMGE (Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement) F‐63000 Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Gustavo Q. Romero
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions and Biodiversity Department of Animal Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas (UNICAMP) 13083‐862 Campinas‐SP Brazil
| | - Vinicius F. Farjalla
- Departamento de Ecologia Instituto de Biologia Centro de Ciências da Saúde Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro PO Box 68020 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Ignacio M. Barberis
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario IICAR‐CONICET‐UNR Universidad Nacional de Rosario S2125ZAA Zavalla Argentina
| | - Olivier Dézerald
- UMR ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health INRAE Agrocampus Ouest 35042 Rennes France
| | - Edd Hammill
- Department of Watershed Sciences and the Ecology Center Utah State University Logan 84322 USA
| | - Trisha B. Atwood
- Department of Watershed Sciences and the Ecology Center Utah State University Logan 84322 USA
| | - Gustavo C.O. Piccoli
- Dept. of Zoology and Botany University of São Paulo State (UNESP/IBILCE) São José do Rio Preto 15054 ‐ 000 SP Brazil
| | | | - Jean‐François Carrias
- Université Clermont‐Auvergne CNRS LMGE (Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement) F‐63000 Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Juliana S. Leal
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) CP 68020 Rio de Janeiro/RJ Brazil
| | - Guillermo Montero
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario IICAR‐CONICET‐UNR Universidad Nacional de Rosario S2125ZAA Zavalla Argentina
| | - Pablo A.P. Antiqueira
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions and Biodiversity Department of Animal Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas (UNICAMP) 13083‐862 Campinas‐SP Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Freire
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario IICAR‐CONICET‐UNR Universidad Nacional de Rosario S2125ZAA Zavalla Argentina
| | - Emilio Realpe
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Caldas Manizales 170002 Colombia
| | - Sarah L. Amundrud
- Dept. of Zoology & Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Paula M. Omena
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions and Biodiversity Department of Animal Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas (UNICAMP) 13083‐862 Campinas‐SP Brazil
| | - Alice B.A. Campos
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) CP 68020 Rio de Janeiro/RJ Brazil
| | - Diane S. Srivastava
- Dept. of Zoology & Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z4 Canada
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Maceda-Veiga A, MacNally R, Rodríguez S, Szabo S, Peeters ETHM, Ruff T, Salvadó H. Effects of two submerged macrophyte species on microbes and metazoans in rooftop water-storage ponds with different labile carbon loadings. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 211:117999. [PMID: 35042074 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nature-based solutions including rooftop-water storage ponds are increasingly adopted in cities as new eco-designs to address climate change issues, such as water scarcity and storm-water runoff. Macrophytes may be valuable additions for treating stored rooftop waters and provisioning other services, including aquaponics, esthetic and wildlife-conservation values. However, the efficacy of macrophyte treatments has not been tested with influxes of different labile carbon loadings such as those occurring in storms. Moreover, little is known about how macrophytes affect communities of metazoans and microbes, including protozoans, which are key players in the water-treatment process. Here, we experimentally investigated the effectiveness of two widely distributed macrophytes, Ceratophyllum demersum and Egeria densa, for treating drained rooftop water fed with two types of leaf litter, namely Quercus robur (high C lability) and Quercus rubra (low C lability). C. demersum was better than E. densa at reducing water conductivity (by 10 ̶ 40 µS/cm), TDS (by 10-18 mg/L), DOC (by 4-5 mg/L) and at increasing water transparency (by 4-9%), water O2 levels (by 19-27%) and daylight pH (by 0.9-1.3) compared to leaf-litter only microcosms after 30 days. Each treatment developed a different community of algae, protozoa and metazoa. Greater plant mass and epiphytic chlorophyll-a suggested that C. demersum was better at providing supporting habitat than E. densa. The two macrophytes did not differ in detritus accumulation, but E. densa was more prone to develop filamentous bacteria, which cause sludge bulking in water-treatment systems. Our study highlights the superior capacity of C. demersum and the usefulness of whole-ecosystem experiments in choosing the most adequate macrophyte species for nature-based engineered solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Maceda-Veiga
- Integrative Zoology Lab, Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, Universitat de Barcelona (IRBio-UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ralph MacNally
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Sara Rodríguez
- Protistology Lab, Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals & Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua, Universitat de Barcelona (IdRA-UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandor Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Nyiregyhaza, Nyiregyhaza, Hungary
| | - Edwin T H M Peeters
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University & Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Ruff
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Humbert Salvadó
- Protistology Lab, Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals & Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua, Universitat de Barcelona (IdRA-UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Hammill E, Dart R. Contributions of mean temperature and temperature variation to population stability and community diversity. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8665. [PMID: 35228865 PMCID: PMC8861844 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Future climate changes are predicted to not only increase global temperatures but also alter temporal variation in temperature. As thermal tolerances form an important component of a species’ niche, changes to the temperature regime have the capacity to negatively impact species, and therefore, the diversity of the communities they inhabit. In this study, we used protist microcosms to assess how mean temperature, as well as temporal variation in temperature, affected diversity. Communities consisted of seven species in a multitrophic food web. Each ecosystem was inoculated with the same abundances of each species at the start of the experiment, and species densities, Hill's numbers (based on Shannon diversity), the number of extinctions, and the probability the microcosm contained predators were all calculated at the end of the experiment. To assess how mean temperature and temperature fluctuations affect stability, we also measured population densities through time. We found that increased temporal variation in temperature increased final densities, increased Hill's numbers (at low mean temperatures), decreased rates of extinctions, and increased the probability that predators survived till the end of the experiment. Mean temperatures did not significantly affect either the number of extinctions or the probability of predators, but did reduce the positive effect of increased temporal variation in temperature on overall diversity. Our results indicate that climatic changes have the potential to impact the composition of ecological communities by altering multiple components of temperature regimes. However, given that some climate forecasts are predicting increased mean temperatures and reduced variability, our finding that increased mean temperature and reduced temporal variation are both generally associated with negative consequences is somewhat concerning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edd Hammill
- Department of Watershed Sciences and the Ecology Center Utah State University Logan Utah84341USA
| | - Riley Dart
- Department of Watershed Sciences and the Ecology Center Utah State University Logan Utah84341USA
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21
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Vinogradov DD, Sinev AY, Tiunov AV. Predators as Control Agents of Mosquito Larvae in Micro-Reservoirs (Review). INLAND WATER BIOLOGY 2022; 15:39-53. [PMID: 35311016 PMCID: PMC8917826 DOI: 10.1134/s1995082922010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The article reviews predators that are able to control populations of mosquito larvae (Culicidae) in phytotelmata and their anthropogenic analogs. The spectrum of mosquito larva consumers in micro-reservoirs is listed. It includes flatworms, crustaceans, arachnids, insects, vertebrates, and carnivorous plants. The biology and practical use of the two most effective biological control agents, predatory mosquitoes Toxorhynchites and copepods, are considered in more detail. Prospects of invertebrate predators as controlling agents for the mosquito larvae in micro-reservoirs in temperate climate zones are briefly discussed. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1134/S1995082922010138.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. D. Vinogradov
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - A. V. Tiunov
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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22
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Bittleston LS, Benson EL, Bernardin JR, Pierce NE. Characterization and Comparison of Convergence Among Cephalotus follicularis Pitcher Plant-Associated Communities With Those of Nepenthes and Sarracenia Found Worldwide. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:887635. [PMID: 35734258 PMCID: PMC9207445 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.887635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The Albany pitcher plant, Cephalotus follicularis, has evolved cup-shaped leaves and a carnivorous habit completely independently from other lineages of pitcher plants. It is the only species in the family Cephalotaceae and is restricted to a small region of Western Australia. Here, we used metabarcoding to characterize the bacterial and eukaryotic communities living in C. follicularis pitchers at two different sites. Bacterial and eukaryotic communities were correlated in both richness and composition; however, the factors associated with richness were not the same across bacteria and eukaryotes, with bacterial richness differing with fluid color, and eukaryotic richness differing with the concentration of DNA extracted from the fluid, a measure roughly related to biomass. For turnover in composition, the variation in both bacterial and eukaryotic communities primarily differed with fluid acidity, fluid color, and sampling site. We compared C. follicularis-associated community diversity with that of Australian Nepenthes mirabilis, as well as a global comparison of Southeast Asian Nepenthes and North American Sarracenia. Our results showed similarity in richness with communities from other pitcher plants, and specific bacterial taxa shared among all three independent lineages of pitcher plants. Overall, we saw convergence in richness and particular clades colonizing pitcher plants around the world, suggesting that these highly specialized habitats select for certain numbers and types of inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonora S. Bittleston
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Leonora S. Bittleston,
| | - Elizabeth L. Benson
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jessica R. Bernardin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
| | - Naomi E. Pierce
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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23
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Pathways for cross-boundary effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning. Trends Ecol Evol 2022; 37:454-467. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Antiqueira PAP, Petchey OL, Rezende F, Machado Velho LF, Rodrigues LC, Romero GQ. Warming and top predator loss drive direct and indirect effects on multiple trophic groups within and across ecosystems. J Anim Ecol 2021; 91:428-442. [PMID: 34808001 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The interspecific interactions within and between adjacent ecosystems strongly depend on the changes in their abiotic and biotic components. However, little is known about how climate change and biodiversity loss in a specific ecosystem can impact the multiple trophic interactions of different biological groups within and across ecosystems. We used natural microecosystems (tank-bromeliads) as a model system to investigate the main and interactive effects of aquatic warming and aquatic top predator loss (i.e. trophic downgrading) on trophic relationships in three integrated food web compartments: (a) aquatic micro-organisms, (b) aquatic macro-organisms and (c) terrestrial predators (i.e. via cross-ecosystem effects). The aquatic top predator loss substantially impacted the three food web compartments. In the aquatic macrofauna compartment, trophic downgrading increased the filter feeder richness and abundance directly and indirectly via an increase in detritivore richness, likely through a facilitative interaction. For the microbiota compartment, aquatic top predator loss had a negative effect on algae richness, probably via decreasing the input of nutrients from predator biological activities. Furthermore, the more active terrestrial predators responded more to aquatic top predator loss, via an increase in some components of aquatic macrofauna, than more stationary terrestrial predators. The aquatic trophic downgrading indirectly altered the richness and abundance of cursorial terrestrial predators, but these effects had different direction according to the aquatic functional group, filter feeder or other detritivores. The web-building predators were indirectly affected by aquatic trophic downgrading due to increased filter feeder richness. Aquatic warming did not affect the aquatic micro- or macro-organisms but did positively affect the abundance of web-building terrestrial predators. These results allow us to raise a predictive framework of how different anthropogenic changes predicted for the next decades, such as aquatic warming and top predator loss, could differentially affect multiple biological groups through interactions within and across ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Augusto P Antiqueira
- Laboratório de Interações Multitróficas e Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biologia (IB), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Owen L Petchey
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felipe Rezende
- Laboratório de Interações Multitróficas e Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biologia (IB), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Machado Velho
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (NUPELIA)/PEA/CCB, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Brazil.,Instituto Cesumar de Ciência e Tecnolgia - ICETI. Universidade Cesumar - UniCesumar- PPGTL, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Luzia Cleide Rodrigues
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (NUPELIA)/PEA/CCB, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Quevedo Romero
- Laboratório de Interações Multitróficas e Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biologia (IB), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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Aarnio S, Soininen J. Taxonomic and functional diversity covary in rock pool microalgal communities despite their different drivers. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:11852-11873. [PMID: 34522346 PMCID: PMC8427593 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Local biodiversity has traditionally been estimated with taxonomic diversity metrics such as species richness. Recently, the concept of biodiversity has been extended beyond species identity by ecological traits determining the functional role of a species in a community. This interspecific functional diversity typically responds more strongly to local environmental variation compared with taxonomic diversity, while taxonomic diversity may mirror more strongly dispersal processes compared with functional metrics. Several trait-based indices have been developed to measure functional diversity for various organisms and habitat types, but studies of their applicability on aquatic microbial communities have been underrepresented. We examined the drivers and covariance of taxonomic and functional diversity among diatom rock pool communities on the Baltic Sea coast. We quantified three taxonomic (species richness, Shannon's diversity, and Pielou's evenness) and three functional (functional richness, evenness, and divergence) diversity indices and determined abiotic factors best explaining variation in these indices by generalized linear mixed models. The six diversity indices were highly collinear except functional evenness, which merely correlated significantly with taxonomic evenness. All diversity indices were always explained by water conductivity and temperature-sampling month interaction. Taxonomic diversity was further consistently explained by pool distance to the sea, and functional richness and divergence by pool location. The explained variance in regression models did not markedly differ between taxonomic and functional metrics. Our findings do not clearly support the superiority of neither set of diversity indices in explaining coastal microbial diversity, but rather highlight the general overlap among the indices. However, as individual metrics may be driven by different factors, the greatest advantage in assessing biodiversity is nevertheless probably achieved with a simultaneous application of the taxonomic and functional diversity metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Aarnio
- Department of Geosciences and GeographyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Janne Soininen
- Department of Geosciences and GeographyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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26
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Tang Q, Huang J, Zhang S, Qin H, Dong Y, Wang C, Li D, Zhou R. Keystone microbes affect the evolution and ecological coexistence of the community via species/strain specificity. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:1227-1238. [PMID: 34427980 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM Microbial communities exhibit different diversity and fluctuations in the ecological functions due to time and environmental migration. Despite a long history of research and a plethora of data, the factors determining the biodiversity and stability of ecosystems is still elusive. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, the Chinese Xiaoqu fermentation system was used as a template to explore the mechanism in which the species specificity and strain in the initial phase affect the community structure and metabolites in the subsequent micro-ecosystem. The micro-ecosystem has been applied for hundreds of years, and the main metabolic function can be reproduced and traced. CONCLUSIONS The result proved that Rhizopus spp. is a keystone microbe with a species/strain specificity affecting the trophic interaction niche and function of modules in the complex community through glucose. The fungal community was demonstrated to have a high sealing and stability, while the bacterial community was generally found to change the community structure, physiological function, and interaction relationship, producing strains with connector functions to adapt to fluctuations. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study shows that the taxonomic level of key microbial strains can be changed to affect the evolution of coexistence and functional realisation of the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxiang Tang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Huang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Suyi Zhang
- Luzhoulaojiao Company Limited, Luzhou, China
| | - Hui Qin
- Luzhoulaojiao Company Limited, Luzhou, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Luzhoulaojiao Company Limited, Luzhou, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Luzhoulaojiao Company Limited, Luzhou, China
| | - Delin Li
- Luzhoulaojiao Company Limited, Luzhou, China
| | - Rongqing Zhou
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Research Centre of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou, China
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27
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Regulation by the Pitcher Plant Sarracenia purpurea of the Structure of its Inquiline Food Web. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-186.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Nash LN, Antiqueira PAP, Romero GQ, de Omena PM, Kratina P. Warming of aquatic ecosystems disrupts aquatic-terrestrial linkages in the tropics. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:1623-1634. [PMID: 33955003 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems are tightly linked to terrestrial ecosystems by exchanges of resources, which influence species interactions, community dynamics and functioning in both ecosystem types. However, our understanding of how this coupling responds to climate warming is restricted to temperate, boreal and arctic regions, with limited knowledge from tropical ecosystems. We investigated how warming aquatic ecosystems impact cross-ecosystem exchanges in the tropics, through the export of aquatic resources into the terrestrial environment and the breakdown of terrestrial resources within the aquatic environment. We experimentally heated 50 naturally assembled aquatic communities, contained within different-sized tank-bromeliads, to a 23.5-32°C gradient of mean water temperatures. The biomass, abundance and richness of aquatic insects emerging into the terrestrial environment all declined with rising temperatures over a 45-day experiment. Structural equation and linear mixed effects modelling suggested that these impacts were driven by deleterious effects of warming on insect development and survival, rather than being mediated by aquatic predation, nutrient availability or reduced body size. Decomposition was primarily driven by microbial activity. However, total decomposition by both microbes and macroinvertebrates increased with temperature in all but the largest ecosystems, where it decreased. Thus, warming decoupled aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, by reducing the flux of aquatic resources to terrestrial ecosystems but variably enhancing or reducing terrestrial resource breakdown in aquatic ecosystems. In contrast with increased emergence observed in warmed temperate ecosystems, future climate change is likely to reduce connectivity between tropical terrestrial and aquatic habitats, potentially impacting consumers in both ecosystem types. As tropical ectotherms live closer to their thermal tolerance limits compared to temperate species, warming can disrupt cross-ecosystem dynamics in an interconnected tropical landscape and should be considered when investigating ecosystem-level consequences of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam N Nash
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Pablo A P Antiqueira
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Q Romero
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paula M de Omena
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Pavel Kratina
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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29
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Teittinen A, Virta L, Li M, Wang J. Factors influencing the biodiversity of three microbial groups within and among islands of the Baltic Sea. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6179881. [PMID: 33749785 PMCID: PMC8044292 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Islands provide ideal model systems to examine the factors influencing biodiversity, yet knowledge of microbial biodiversity on islands remains scarce. We collected a dataset from 101 rock pools along a freshwater to brackish water transition on islands of the Baltic Sea and investigated the patterns and drivers of community composition and species richness of diatoms, cyanobacteria and non-cyanobacteria bacteria among islands. We also examined whether environmental heterogeneity increased beta diversity and species richness within islands. Among islands, the patterns in community composition were concordant among the microbial groups, with distinct changes along the freshwater-brackish gradient. The patterns in species richness were context-dependent for each microbial group. In general, richness patterns were most strongly associated with nutrient concentrations or the distances to potential sources of immigrants, whereas no positive relationships between ecosystem size and richness were found. Within islands, environmental heterogeneity was positively correlated with the beta diversity of each microbial group, but not species richness. Our findings provide novel insights into the factors influencing microbial biodiversity. The results suggest that island microbial biodiversity patterns are influenced by species sorting and dispersal-related mechanisms and highlight the importance of environmental heterogeneity for beta diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Teittinen
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Virta
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.,Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, J.A. Palménin tie 260, 10900 Hanko, Finland
| | - Mingjia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73, East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73, East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
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30
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Jorge JS, Freire EMX, Caliman A. The rupicolous bromeliad (Encholirium spectabile) as a keystone species for Brazilian semiarid biodiversity. Ecology 2021; 102:e03357. [PMID: 33811645 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueiuto S Jorge
- Departamento de Ecologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-900, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-900, Brazil
| | - Eliza Maria Xavier Freire
- Departamento de Ecologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano Caliman
- Departamento de Ecologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-900, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-900, Brazil
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31
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Bailey JD, Benefer CM, Blackshaw RP, Codling EA. Walking behaviour in the ground beetle, Poecilus cupreus: dispersal potential, intermittency and individual variation. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021; 111:200-209. [PMID: 32993822 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485320000565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dispersal is a key ecological process affecting community dynamics and the maintenance of populations. There is increasing awareness of the need to understand individual dispersal potential to better inform population-level dispersal, allowing more accurate models of the spread of invasive and beneficial insects, aiding crop and pest management strategies. Here, fine-scale movements of Poecilus cupreus, an important agricultural carabid predator, were recorded using a locomotion compensator and key movement characteristics were quantified. Net displacement increased more rapidly than predicted by a simple correlated random walk model with near ballistic behaviour observed. Individuals displayed a latent ability to head on a constant bearing for protracted time periods, despite no clear evidence of a population level global orientation bias. Intermittent bouts of movement and non-movement were observed, with both the frequency and duration of bouts of movement varying at the inter- and intra-individual level. Variation in movement behaviour was observed at both the inter- and intra- individual level. Analysis suggests that individuals have the potential to rapidly disperse over a wider area than predicted by simple movement models parametrised at the population level. This highlights the importance of considering the role of individual variation when analysing movement and attempting to predict dispersal distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Bailey
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Carly M Benefer
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA
| | - Rod P Blackshaw
- Blackshaw Research and Consultancy, Parade, Chudleigh, TQ13 0JF
| | - Edward A Codling
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
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32
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Corridor quality affects net movement, size of dispersers, and population growth in experimental microcosms. Oecologia 2021; 195:547-556. [PMID: 33423105 PMCID: PMC7882584 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04834-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Corridors are expected to increase species dispersal in fragmented habitats. However, it remains unclear how the quality of corridors influences the dispersal process, and how it interacts with corridor length and width. Here we investigate these factors using a small-scale laboratory system where we track the dispersal of the model organism Collembola Folsomia candida. Using this system, we study the effects of corridor length, width, and quality on the probability of dispersal, net movement, body size of dispersers, and the rate of change in population size after colonization. We show that corridor quality positively affected dispersal probability, net movement, and the rate of change in population size in colonised patches. Moreover, corridor quality significantly affected the size of dispersers, with only larger individuals dispersing through poor quality corridors. The length and width of corridors affected both the rate at which populations increased in colonised patches and the net number of individuals which dispersed, suggesting that these physical properties may be important in maintaining the flow of individuals in space. Our results thus suggest that corridor quality can have an important role in determining not only the probability of dispersal occurs but also the phenotypes of the individuals which disperse, with concomitant effects on the net movement of individuals and the rate of change in population size in the colonised patches.
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33
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Bengtsson-Palme J. Microbial model communities: To understand complexity, harness the power of simplicity. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:3987-4001. [PMID: 33363696 PMCID: PMC7744646 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural microbial communities are complex ecosystems with myriads of interactions. To deal with this complexity, we can apply lessons learned from the study of model organisms and try to find simpler systems that can shed light on the same questions. Here, microbial model communities are essential, as they can allow us to learn about the metabolic interactions, genetic mechanisms and ecological principles governing and structuring communities. A variety of microbial model communities of varying complexity have already been developed, representing different purposes, environments and phenomena. However, choosing a suitable model community for one's research question is no easy task. This review aims to be a guide in the selection process, which can help the researcher to select a sufficiently well-studied model community that also fulfills other relevant criteria. For example, a good model community should consist of species that are easy to grow, have been evaluated for community behaviors, provide simple readouts and - in some cases - be of relevance for natural ecosystems. Finally, there is a need to standardize growth conditions for microbial model communities and agree on definitions of community-specific phenomena and frameworks for community interactions. Such developments would be the key to harnessing the power of simplicity to start disentangling complex community interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Bengtsson-Palme
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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34
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Bonhomme C, Céréghino R, Carrias JF, Compin A, Corbara B, Jassey VEJ, Leflaive J, Farjalla VF, Marino NAC, Rota T, Srivastava DS, Leroy C. In situ resistance, not immigration, supports invertebrate community resilience to drought intensification in a Neotropical ecosystem. J Anim Ecol 2020; 90:2015-2026. [PMID: 33232512 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
While future climate scenarios predict declines in precipitations in many regions of the world, little is known of the mechanisms underlying community resilience to prolonged dry seasons, especially in 'naïve' Neotropical rainforests. Predictions of community resilience to intensifying drought are complicated by the fact that the underlying mechanisms are mediated by species' tolerance and resistance traits, as well as rescue through dispersal from source patches. We examined the contribution of in situ tolerance-resistance and immigration to community resilience, following drought events that ranged from the ambient norm to IPCC scenarios and extreme events. We used rainshelters above rainwater-filled bromeliads of French Guiana to emulate a gradient of drought intensity (from 1 to 3.6 times the current number of consecutive days without rainfall), and we analysed the post-drought dynamics of the taxonomic and functional community structure of aquatic invertebrates to these treatments when immigration is excluded (by netting bromeliads) or permitted (no nets). Drought intensity negatively affected invertebrate community resistance, but had a positive influence on community recovery during the post-drought phase. After droughts of 1 to 1.4 times the current intensities, the overall invertebrate abundance recovered within invertebrate life cycle durations (up to 2 months). Shifts in taxonomic composition were more important after longer droughts, but overall, community composition showed recovery towards baseline states. The non-random patterns of changes in functional community structure indicated that deterministic processes like environmental filtering of traits drive community re-assembly patterns after a drought event. Community resilience mostly relied on in situ tolerance-resistance traits. A rescue effect of immigration after a drought event was weak and mostly apparent under extreme droughts. Under climate change scenarios of drought intensification in Neotropical regions, community and ecosystem resilience could primarily depend on the persistence of suitable habitats and on the resistance traits of species, while metacommunity dynamics could make a minor contribution to ecosystem recovery. Climate change adaptation should thus aim at identifying and preserving local conditions that foster in situ resistance and the buffering effects of habitat features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Bonhomme
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Régis Céréghino
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Arthur Compin
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Corbara
- LMGE, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent E J Jassey
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Joséphine Leflaive
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Vinicius F Farjalla
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nicholas A C Marino
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thibaut Rota
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Diane S Srivastava
- Departmennt of Zoology & Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Céline Leroy
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France.,ECOFOG, CNRS, CIRAD, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France
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35
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Warming and leaf litter functional diversity, not litter quality, drive decomposition in a freshwater ecosystem. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20333. [PMID: 33230213 PMCID: PMC7684280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77382-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Environment, litter composition and decomposer community are known to be the main drivers of litter decomposition in aquatic ecosystems. However, it remains unclear whether litter quality or functional diversity prevails under warming conditions. Using tank bromeliad ecosystems, we evaluated the combined effects of warming, litter quality and litter functional diversity on the decomposition process. We also assessed the contribution of macroinvertebrates and microorganisms in explaining litter decomposition patterns using litter bags made with different mesh sizes. Our results showed that litter decomposition was driven by litter functional diversity and was increasingly higher under warming, in both mesh sizes. Decomposition was explained by increasing litter dissimilarities in C and N. Our results highlight the importance of considering different aspects of litter characteristics (e.g., quality and functional diversity) in order to predict the decomposition process in freshwater ecosystems. Considering the joint effect of warming and litter traits aspects allow a more refined understanding of the underlying mechanisms of climate change and biodiversity shifts effects on ecosystem functioning.
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36
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Carrias JF, Gerphagnon M, Rodríguez-Pérez H, Borrel G, Loiseau C, Corbara B, Céréghino R, Mary I, Leroy C. Resource availability drives bacterial succession during leaf-litter decomposition in a bromeliad ecosystem. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5807077. [PMID: 32175561 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the growing number of investigations on microbial succession during the last decade, most of our knowledge on primary succession of bacteria in natural environments comes from conceptual models and/or studies of chronosequences. Successional patterns of litter-degrading bacteria remain poorly documented, especially in undisturbed environments. Here we conducted an experiment with tank bromeliads as natural freshwater microcosms to assess major trends in bacterial succession on two leaf-litter species incubated with or without animal exclusion. We used amplicon sequencing and a co-occurrence network to assess changes in bacterial community structure according to treatments. Alpha-diversity and community complexity displayed the same trends regardless of the treatments, highlighting that primary succession of detrital-bacteria is subject to resource limitation and biological interactions, much like macro-organisms. Shifts in bacterial assemblages along the succession were characterized by an increase in uncharacterized taxa and potential N-fixing bacteria, the latter being involved in positive co-occurrence between taxa. These findings support the hypothesis of interdependence between taxa as a significant niche-based process shaping bacterial communities during the advanced stage of succession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Carrias
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, LMGE (Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement), F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mélanie Gerphagnon
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, LMGE (Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement), F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Héctor Rodríguez-Pérez
- UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310 Kourou, France
| | - Guillaume Borrel
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Microbiology, Unité de Biologie Évolutive de la Cellule Microbienne, Paris, France
| | - Camille Loiseau
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, LMGE (Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement), F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Corbara
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, LMGE (Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement), F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Régis Céréghino
- Ecolab, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Mary
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, LMGE (Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement), F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Céline Leroy
- UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310 Kourou, France.,AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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37
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Guzman LM, Srivastava DS. Genomic variation among populations provides insight into the causes of metacommunity survival. Ecology 2020; 101:e03182. [PMID: 32885415 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Predators and prey interact at small spatial scales, but during their lifetime disperse at much larger spatial scales. Trophic metacommunity theory proposes that dispersal is a critical process that determines food web structure at small and large scales. The application of metacommunity theory to empirical systems remains elusive because key parameters such as dispersal and interaction strengths have been very difficult to quantify. Here we develop a novel approach that combines population genomics with mesocosm experiments to parameterize a metacommunity model. Using genotyping-by-sequencing, we characterized the dispersal kernels of a predator-prey pair living in a phytotelm metacommunity. We found that the prey dispersed up to 25 km while the predator dispersed only 350 m. We then quantified a functional response for these species using feeding trials. Even without invoking differences in the abiotic niche, our empirically parameterized simulation model produced patterns of population survival and occupancy that were consistent with past observations on the natural system. Importantly we found that these patterns were more likely to be found with simulations based on our observed values than in other regions of potential parameter space. This suggests that the observed dispersal kernels contribute to the dynamics of these species in the metacommunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Melissa Guzman
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z4, Canada.,Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Diane S Srivastava
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z4, Canada.,Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z4, Canada
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38
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Haanes H, Hansen EL, Hevrøy TH, Jensen LK, Gjelsvik R, Jaworska A, Bradshaw C. Realism and usefulness of multispecies experiment designs with regard to application in radioecology: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 718:134485. [PMID: 31839283 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multispecies experiments like microcosms and mesocosms are widely used in many fields of research but not in radioecology. In radioecology, size limitations are important as large experimental volumes involve problems with waste (radionuclides), or shielding, absorption and available space in gamma fields (often within a climate chamber). We have therefore performed a literature review (ISI Web of Science, n = 406) of the design and properties of multispecies effect studies <100 L in size and with three or more mentioned taxa in other research fields to assess their suitability to radioecology. Studies with more mentioned taxa assess structural ecosystem parameters more often than studies with fewer mentioned taxa, while the opposite trend is seen for indirect effects/interactions. Studies of indirect effects benefit from more replicates and longer experiments. Almost all studies assess some ecosystem level parameter but only a quarter take a holistic approach assessing both structural and functional as well as indirect effects. We find that most cosms are custom-made systems, rather than standardised designs. Unmanipulated cosms consist of excised portions of the natural environment with a higher number of mentioned taxa, high ecological complexity and high realism, but have a relatively low replicability. In contrast, standardised cosms with fewer mentioned taxa have less ecological complexity but much higher replicability. This literature review shows that smaller cosm sizes have similar ecological complexity (e.g. number of taxa and trophic levels) and experimental duration as larger sized cosms, allowing for ecologically-relevant investigations, despite their small size. We encourage multispecies radioecology studies, preferably with environmental relevant doses and sufficient detail on dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallvard Haanes
- Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, P.O. Box 329 Skøyen, NO-0213 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Elisabeth Lindbo Hansen
- Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, P.O. Box 329 Skøyen, NO-0213 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Tanya Helena Hevrøy
- Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, P.O. Box 329 Skøyen, NO-0213 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Louise Kiel Jensen
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, The Fram Centre, P.O. Box 6606 Langnes, 9296 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Runhild Gjelsvik
- Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, P.O. Box 329 Skøyen, NO-0213 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Alicja Jaworska
- Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, P.O. Box 329 Skøyen, NO-0213 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Clare Bradshaw
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
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39
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Turner B, Trekels H, Vandromme M, Vanschoenwinkel B. Prey colonization in freshwater landscapes can be stimulated or inhibited by the proximity of remote predators. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:1766-1774. [PMID: 32324914 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that the colonization of habitat patches may be affected by the quality of surrounding patches. For instance, patches that lack predators may be avoided when located near others with predators, a pattern known as risk contagion. Alternatively, predator avoidance might also redirect dispersal towards nearby predator-free patches resulting in so-called habitat compression. However, it is largely unknown how predators continue to influence these habitat selection behaviours at increasing distances from outside of their own habitat patch. In addition, current information is derived from artificial mesocosm experiments, while support from natural ecosystems is lacking. This study used bromeliad landscapes as a natural model system to study how oviposition habitat selection of Diptera responds to the cues of a distant predator, the carnivorous elephant mosquito larva. We established landscapes containing predator-free bromeliad habitat patches placed at increasing distances from a predator-containing patch, along with replicate control landscapes. These patches were then left to be colonized by ovipositing bromeliad insects. We found that distance to predators modulates habitat selection decisions. Moreover, different dipteran families had different responses suggesting different habitat selection strategies. In some families, predator-free patches at certain distances from the predator patch were avoided, confirming risk contagion. In other families, these patches received higher numbers of colonists providing evidence of predator-induced habitat compression. We confirm that effects of predators in a natural ecosystem can extend beyond the patch in which the predator is present and that the presence or absence of remote predator effects on habitat selection depends on the distance to predators. The notion that perceived habitat quality can depend on conditions in neighbouring patches forces habitat selection studies to adopt a landscape perspective and account for the effects of both present and remote predators when explaining community assembly in metacommunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Turner
- Community Ecology Lab, Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Nature-based Solutions Initiative, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hendrik Trekels
- Community Ecology Lab, Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathil Vandromme
- Community Ecology Lab, Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bram Vanschoenwinkel
- Community Ecology Lab, Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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40
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Murphy GEP, Romanuk TN, Worm B. Cascading effects of climate change on plankton community structure. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:2170-2181. [PMID: 32128147 PMCID: PMC7042755 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plankton communities account for at least half of global primary production and play a key role in the global carbon cycle. Warming and acidification may alter the interaction chains in these communities from the bottom and top of the food web. Yet, the relative importance of these potentially complex interactions has not yet been quantified. Here, we examine the isolated and combined effects of warming, acidification, and reductions in phytoplankton and predator abundances in a series of factorial experiments. We find that warming directly impacts the top of the food web, but that the intermediate trophic groups are more strongly influenced by indirect effects mediated by altered top-down interactions. Direct manipulations of predator and phytoplankton abundance reveal similar strong top-down interactions following top predator decline. A meta-analysis of published experiments further supports the conclusion that warming has stronger direct impacts on the top and bottom of the food web rather than the intermediate trophic groups, with important differences between freshwater and marine plankton communities. Our results reveal that the trophic effect of warming cascading down from the top of the plankton food web is a powerful agent of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Boris Worm
- Department of BiologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNSCanada
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41
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Lam WN, Chou YY, Leong FWS, Tan HTW. Inquiline predator increases nutrient-cycling efficiency of Nepenthes rafflesiana pitchers. Biol Lett 2019; 15:20190691. [PMID: 31795851 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The modified-leaf pitchers of Nepenthes rafflesiana pitcher plants are aquatic, allochthonous ecosystems that are inhabited by specialist inquilines and sustained by the input of invertebrate prey. Detritivorous inquilines are known to increase the nutrient-cycling efficiency (NCE) of pitchers but it is unclear whether predatory inquilines that prey on these detritivores decrease the NCE of pitchers by reducing detritivore populations or increase the NCE of pitchers by processing nutrients that may otherwise be locked up in detritivore biomass. Nepenthosyrphus is a small and poorly studied genus of hoverflies and the larvae of one such species is a facultatively detritivorous predator that inhabits the pitchers of N. rafflesiana. We fitted a consumer-resource model to experimental data collected from this system. Simulations showed that systems containing the predator at equilibrium almost always had higher NCEs than those containing only prey (detritivore) species. We showed using a combination of simulated predator/prey exclusions that the processing of the resource through multiple pathways and trophic levels in this system is more efficient than that accomplished through fewer pathways and trophic levels. Our results thus support the vertical diversity hypothesis, which predicts that greater diversity across trophic levels results in greater ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weng Ngai Lam
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ying Yi Chou
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Republic of Singapore
| | - Felicia Wei Shan Leong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hugh Tiang Wah Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Republic of Singapore
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42
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Wiersma YF, McMullin RT, Sleep DJH. Model systems to elucidate minimum requirements for protected areas networks. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19594. [PMID: 31863029 PMCID: PMC6925237 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In conservation biology there have been varying answers to the question of "How much land to protect?" Simulation models using decision-support software such as Marxan show that the answer is sensitive to target type and amount, and issues of scale. We used a novel model system for landscape ecology to test empirically whether the minimum conservation requirements to represent all species at least once are consistent across replicate landscapes, and if not, whether these minimum conservation requirements are linked to biodiversity patterns. Our model system of replicated microcosms could be scaled to larger systems once patterns and mechanisms are better understood. We found that the minimum representation requirements for lichen species along the microlandscapes of tree trunks were remarkably consistent (4-6 planning units) across 24 balsam fir trees in a single stand, as well as for 21 more widely dispersed fir and yellow birch trees. Variation in minimum number of planning units required correlated positively with gamma diversity. Our results demonstrate that model landscapes are useful to determine whether minimum representation requirements are consistent across different landscapes, as well as what factors (life history, diversity patterns, dispersal strategies) affect variation in these conservation requirements. This system holds promise for further investigation into factors that should be considered when developing conservation designs, thus yielding scientifically-defensible requirements that can be applied more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Troy McMullin
- Resarch and Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Darren J H Sleep
- Conservation Strategies, Sustainable Forestry Initiative Inc., Ottawa, ON, Canada
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43
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Jacob S, Laurent E, Morel‐Journel T, Schtickzelle N. Fragmentation and the context‐dependence of dispersal syndromes: matrix harshness modifies resident‐disperser phenotypic differences in microcosms. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Staffan Jacob
- Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Centre, Univ. catholique de Louvain Croix du Sud 4, L7‐07‐04 BE‐1348 Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321 CNRS/UPS 2 route du CNRS FR‐09200 Moulis France
| | - Estelle Laurent
- Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Centre, Univ. catholique de Louvain Croix du Sud 4, L7‐07‐04 BE‐1348 Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Thibaut Morel‐Journel
- Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Centre, Univ. catholique de Louvain Croix du Sud 4, L7‐07‐04 BE‐1348 Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Nicolas Schtickzelle
- Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Centre, Univ. catholique de Louvain Croix du Sud 4, L7‐07‐04 BE‐1348 Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
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44
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Mendes PMS, Lansac-Tôha FM, Meira BR, Oliveira FR, Velho LFM, Lansac-Tôha FA. Heterotrophic flagellates (Amorpha and Diaphoretiches) in phytotelmata bromeliad (Bromeliaceae). BRAZ J BIOL 2019; 80:648-660. [PMID: 31644658 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.218742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many plants may accumulate rainwater, forming phytotelmata, aquatic microhabitats inhabited by various organisms. The aim of this study was to conduct an inventory of heterotrophic flagellates associated with phytotelmata of the bromeliad Aechmea distichantha Lem., found in rocky cliffs on the Upper Paraná River. The bromeliads were removed manually from the rocky wall, the water was removed and cultures of organisms of each plant were mounted in Petri dishes. Sixteen species of heterotrophic flagellate were recorded, drawn and described, among them one species belonging to the Amorpha Domain and 15 species to the Diaphoretiches Domain. The groups with most species were Euglenida and Kinetoplastea. The low diversity of heterotrophic flagellates recorded in this study, compared to the plankton of lakes and reservoirs, is probably related to the fact that phytotelmata are habitats with extreme environmental conditions, thus selecting organisms tolerant to these environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Sachertt Mendes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Comparada, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - F M Lansac-Tôha
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - B R Meira
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - F R Oliveira
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - L F M Velho
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - F A Lansac-Tôha
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
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45
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Jacob S, Chaine AS, Huet M, Clobert J, Legrand D. Variability in Dispersal Syndromes Is a Key Driver of Metapopulation Dynamics in Experimental Microcosms. Am Nat 2019; 194:613-626. [PMID: 31613674 DOI: 10.1086/705410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary ecology studies have increasingly focused on the impact of intraspecific variability on population processes. However, the role such variation plays in the dynamics of spatially structured populations and how it interacts with environmental changes remains unclear. Here we experimentally quantify the relative importance of intraspecific variability in dispersal-related traits and spatiotemporal variability of environmental conditions for the dynamics of two-patch metapopulations using clonal genotypes of a ciliate in connected microcosms. We demonstrate that in our simple two-patch microcosms, differences among genotypes are at least as important as spatiotemporal variability of resources for metapopulation dynamics. Furthermore, we show that an important proportion of this effect results from variability of dispersal syndromes. These syndromes can therefore be as important for metapopulation dynamics as spatiotemporal variability of environmental conditions. This study demonstrates that intraspecific variability in dispersal syndromes can be key in the functioning of metapopulations facing environmental changes.
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46
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Boudreau MR, Seguin JL, Boonstra R, Palme R, Boutin S, Krebs CJ, Murray DL. Experimental increase in predation risk causes a cascading stress response in free-ranging snowshoe hares. Oecologia 2019; 191:311-323. [PMID: 31535254 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04500-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research confirms that environmental stressors like predation risk can profoundly affect animal condition and physiology. However, there is a lack of experimental research assessing the suite of physiological responses to risk that may arise under realistic field conditions, leaving a fragmented picture of risk-related physiological change and potential downstream consequences on individuals. We increased predation risk in free-ranging snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) during two consecutive summers by simulating natural chases using a model predator and monitored hares intensively via radio-telemetry and physiological assays, including measures designed to assess changes in stress physiology and overall condition. Compared to controls, risk-augmented hares had 25.8% higher free plasma cortisol, 15.9% lower cortisol-binding capacity, a greater neutrophil:lymphocyte skew, and a 10.4% increase in glucose. Despite these changes, intra-annual changes in two distinct condition indices, were unaffected by risk exposure. We infer risk-augmented hares compensated for changes in their stress physiology through either compensatory foraging and/or metabolic changes, which allowed them to have comparable condition to controls. Although differences between controls and risk-augmented hares were consistent each year, both groups had heightened stress measures during the second summer, likely reflecting an increase in natural stressors (i.e., predators) in the environment. We show that increased predation risk in free-ranging animals can profoundly alter stress physiology and that compensatory responses may contribute to limiting effects of such changes on condition. Ultimately, our results also highlight the importance of biologically relevant experimental risk manipulations in the wild as a means of assessing physiological responses to natural stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Boudreau
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9J 0G2, Canada.
| | - Jacob L Seguin
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9J 0G2, Canada
| | - Rudy Boonstra
- Center for Neurobiology of Stress, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Rupert Palme
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stan Boutin
- Faculty of Science, 1-001 CCIS, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Charles J Krebs
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Dennis L Murray
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9J 0G2, Canada
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47
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Harvey E, Gounand I, Fronhofer EA, Altermatt F. Disturbance reverses classic biodiversity predictions in river-like landscapes. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:20182441. [PMID: 30963914 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Global analyses of biodiversity consistently reveal recurrent patterns of species distributions worldwide. However, unveiling the specific mechanisms behind those patterns remains logistically challenging, yet necessary for reliable biodiversity forecasts. Here, we combine theory and experiments to investigate the processes underlying spatial biodiversity patterns in dendritic, river-like landscapes, iconic examples of highly threatened ecosystems. We used geometric scaling properties, common to all rivers, to show that the distribution of biodiversity in these landscapes fundamentally depends on how ecological selection is modulated across space: while uniform ecological selection across the network leads to higher diversity in downstream confluences, this pattern can be inverted by disturbances when population turnover (i.e. local mortality) is higher upstream than downstream. Higher turnover in small headwater patches can slow down ecological selection, increasing local diversity in comparison to large downstream confluences. Our results show that disturbance-mediated slowing down of competitive exclusion can generate a specific transient signature in terms of biodiversity distribution when applied over a spatial gradient of disturbance, which is a common feature of many river landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Harvey
- 1 Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich , Switzerland.,2 Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland.,3 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada M5S 3B2
| | - Isabelle Gounand
- 1 Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich , Switzerland.,2 Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Emanuel A Fronhofer
- 1 Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich , Switzerland.,2 Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland.,4 ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EDPHE , Montpellier , France
| | - Florian Altermatt
- 1 Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich , Switzerland.,2 Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
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48
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Lam WN, Ling J, Lum TQH, Tan HTW. Ecology and natural history of swimming pitcher mites (
Creutzeria
spp., Histiostomatidae) from the traps of
Nepenthes
pitcher plants. J Zool (1987) 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. N. Lam
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore
| | - J. Ling
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore
| | - T. Q. H. Lum
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore
| | - H. T. W. Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore
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49
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Kapagianni PD, Papadopoulos D, Menkissoglu‐Spiroudi U, Stamou GP, Papatheodorou EM. Soil functionality produced by soil mixing: The role of inoculum and substrate. Ecol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Urania Menkissoglu‐Spiroudi
- Pesticide Science Laboratory School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | - George P. Stamou
- School of Economics, Business Administration and Legal Studies International Hellenic University Thermi Greece
| | - Efimia M. Papatheodorou
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology Aristotle University Thessaloniki Greece
- School of Economics, Business Administration and Legal Studies International Hellenic University Thermi Greece
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50
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Busse A, Schoreisz JJ, Petermann JS. Predators and priority effects suggested as potential drivers of microfauna communities in a community transplantation experiment along an elevational gradient. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Busse
- Dept of Biosciences, Univ. of Salzburg Hellbrunner Straße 34, AT‐5020 Salzburg Austria
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Inst. of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany. – J. J. Schoreisz, Inst. of Biology, Freie Univ. Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Jeremias J. Schoreisz
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Inst. of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany. – J. J. Schoreisz, Inst. of Biology, Freie Univ. Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Jana S. Petermann
- Dept of Biosciences, Univ. of Salzburg Hellbrunner Straße 34, AT‐5020 Salzburg Austria
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Inst. of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany. – J. J. Schoreisz, Inst. of Biology, Freie Univ. Berlin Berlin Germany
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