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Laura Soriano Pérez M, Montironi I, Alejandro Funes J, Margineda C, Campra N, Noelia Cariddi L, José Garrido J, Molina M, Alustiza F. Nanogel-Mediated antigen delivery: Biocompatibility, immunogenicity, and potential for tailored vaccine design across species. Vaccine 2024; 42:3721-3732. [PMID: 38719694 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising avenue for enhancing the efficacy of vaccine delivery systems. This study investigates the utilization of nanogels as carriers for the model antigen ovalbumin, with a focus on in vivo assessments in equine and murine models. Nanogels, owing to their biocompatibility and tunable physicochemical properties, offer a versatile platform for efficient antigen encapsulation and controlled release. The encapsulation efficiency and physicochemical characteristics of ovalbumin-loaded nanogels were comprehensively characterized. In vitro biocompatibility was evaluated, finding excellent properties of these nanogels. In vivo evaluations were conducted on both equine and murine subjects, assessing immunogenicity through antibody and splenic cell response. Furthermore, the study propose the potential use of nanogels in tailoring immune responses through the modulation of antigen release kinetics. The results obtained in the in vitro assays showed an increase in the uptake of nanogels by APCs compared to free antigen (OVA). In mice, an absence of inflammatory response in the inoculation site was observed, without systemic damage in the evaluated organs. In addition, non-significant humoral response was found nor cellular proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine production, compared with a traditional adjuvant as aluminum hydroxide, in both animal models. These findings allow further insights into nanogel-based delivery systems and offer valuable insights into their application in various animal models. In conclusion, this research establishes the utility of nanogels as effective carriers for antigens-based vaccines, with interesting biocompatibility properties and highly taken affinity by antigen-presenting cells, without inducing inflammation at the injection site. The study underscores the potential of nanogel technology in revolutionizing vaccine design and highlights the importance of tailored approaches for diverse target species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivana Montironi
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | | | - Noelia Campra
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Noelia Cariddi
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan José Garrido
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, España
| | - Maria Molina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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2
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Lee S, Mattoo SUS, Jeong CG, Kim SC, Nazki S, Lee G, Park YS, Park SY, Yang MS, Kim B, Lee SM, Kim WI. Intradermal Inoculation of Inactivated Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Induced Effective Immune Responses Comparable to Conventional Intramuscular Injection in Pigs. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:190. [PMID: 38400173 PMCID: PMC10892606 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
All pigs in the Republic of Korea are given the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccine intramuscularly (IM) as part of the country's vaccination policy. However, the IM administration of the FMDV vaccine to pig results in residual vaccine components in the muscle and undesirable changes in muscle and soft tissues, causing economic losses in swine production. In this study, we evaluated whether intradermal (ID) vaccination could be proposed as an alternative to IM administration. ID vaccination (0.2 mL on each side of the neck muscle) and IM vaccination (2 mL on each side of the neck muscle) were performed twice, separated by 14 days, using a commercial FMD vaccine in specific-pathogen-free pigs. We observed growth performance, gross and microscopic lesions at the inoculation site, FMDV-specific antibodies, and neutralizing antibodies for 35 days after vaccination. Side effects on the skin grossly appeared following ID administration, but most were reduced within two weeks. All ID-vaccinated pigs showed inflammatory lesions limited to the dermis, but IM-vaccinated pigs had abnormal undesirable changes and pus in the muscle. ID-vaccinated pigs performed comparably to IM-vaccinated pigs in terms of growth, FMD virus-specific antibodies, protection capability against FMDV, and T-cell induction. This study demonstrated that the ID inoculation of the inactivated FMD vaccine induced immune responses comparable to an IM injection at 1/10 of the inoculation dose and that the inoculation lesion was limited to the dermis, effectively protecting against the formation of abnormal undesirable changes in muscle and soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (C.-G.J.); (S.-C.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Sameer ul Salam Mattoo
- Division of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chang-Gi Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (C.-G.J.); (S.-C.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Seung-Chai Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (C.-G.J.); (S.-C.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Salik Nazki
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (C.-G.J.); (S.-C.K.); (S.N.)
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Gyehan Lee
- Miraclescope Inc., 700 Pangyo-ro, Seongnam 13516, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yong-Soo Park
- Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sun Young Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea;
| | - Myeon-Sik Yang
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-eup, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea;
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang-Myeong Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Chungju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (C.-G.J.); (S.-C.K.); (S.N.)
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3
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Lee BR, Lee HJ, Kim NH, Kim YS, Park KI. Increased Effect of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Vaccine Structural Protein Antibody Positivity Rates in Piglets Orally Treated with Amino-Zinc Complex. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2027. [PMID: 37370536 DOI: 10.3390/ani13122027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious animal disease that occurs in cloven-hoofed animals including pigs. To prevent FMD, vaccines and adjuvants are routinely used to induce an immune response; however, it requires an extended period of time to produce sufficient antibodies to prevent viral infection. In this study, we evaluated the increased effectiveness of the FMD vaccine structural protein (SP) antibody by administrating the Amino-Zn adjuvant to 100 pigs from 3 test pig farms in their feed. The FMD vaccine antibody titer and immunological index were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, and the hematological and blood biochemical parameters were analyzed using an automatic blood analyzer. The titer of the FMD vaccine SP antibodies in the 0.2% Amino-Zn-administered group was significantly increased compared to that of the positive control group only injected with FMD vaccine at 4 weeks after the first vaccination and at 4, 8, and 16 weeks after the second vaccination (p < 0.05). The FMD vaccine SP antibody positive rate was 100% until shipment. The IFN-γ and IgA levels were significantly increased by Amino-Zn administration 4 weeks after the first vaccination and 4 weeks after the second vaccination (p < 0.05). On the other hand, serum AST, and CPK (p < 0.001) were significantly decreased by Amino-Zn administration. These results show that the administration of Amino-Zn is effective in enhancing the antibody titer and immunogenicity of the FMD vaccine and can be used as an oral adjuvant (OrAd) to prevent viral diseases, such as FMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Ryol Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu-Jang Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hoon Kim
- ZinexBio Corporation, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sik Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Il Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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4
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Kim DW, Cho G, Kim H, Lee G, Lim TG, Kwak HY, Park JH, Park SH. Immunogenicity and Protection against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Swine Intradermally Vaccinated with a Bivalent Vaccine of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Type O and A. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040815. [PMID: 37112726 PMCID: PMC10142530 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the worst outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious disease in cloven-hoofed animals caused by the FMD virus, from November 2010-April 2011, the Korean government enforced a mandatory vaccination policy. A bivalent (FMD type O and A; O + A) vaccine has been recently implemented. Although the FMD outbreak was suppressed by vaccination, the intramuscular (IM) injection presents side effects. Therefore, improving FMD vaccine quality is necessary. Here, we investigated the side effects and immune efficacy of the O + A bivalent vaccine using two different routes of administration: intradermal (ID) and IM. To compare the immune efficacy of the two inoculation routes, virus neutralization titers and structural protein (antigen) levels were measured. The protective efficacy of ID vaccines was confirmed using two viruses (FMDV O/AS/SKR/2019 and A/GP/SKR/2018) isolated in the Republic of Korea. Serological analysis revealed that both animals administered by ID and IM injections exhibited equal immune efficacy. A virus challenge test in the target animal (swine) revealed no (or extremely low) clinical symptoms. Swine in the ID injected group exhibited no side effects. In conclusion, we suggest that the ID route of vaccination is an effective alternative to the existing IM route, which is associated with more frequent side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wan Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Giyoun Cho
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongmin Lee
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gwan Lim
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Kwak
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Han Park
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
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5
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Angrand L, Masson JD, Rubio-Casillas A, Nosten-Bertrand M, Crépeaux G. Inflammation and Autophagy: A Convergent Point between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)-Related Genetic and Environmental Factors: Focus on Aluminum Adjuvants. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10090518. [PMID: 36136483 PMCID: PMC9502677 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10090518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder are genetically complex and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) resulting from genetic factors and gene-environment (GxE) interactions for which onset occurs in early brain development. Recent progress highlights the link between ASD and (i) immunogenetics, neurodevelopment, and inflammation, and (ii) impairments of autophagy, a crucial neurodevelopmental process involved in synaptic pruning. Among various environmental factors causing risk for ASD, aluminum (Al)-containing vaccines injected during critical periods have received special attention and triggered relevant scientific questions. The aim of this review is to discuss the current knowledge on the role of early inflammation, immune and autophagy dysfunction in ASD as well as preclinical studies which question Al adjuvant impacts on brain and immune maturation. We highlight the most recent breakthroughs and the lack of epidemiological, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data constituting a "scientific gap". We propose additional research, such as genetic studies that could contribute to identify populations at genetic risk, improving diagnosis, and potentially the development of new therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Angrand
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; (L.A.); (J.-D.M.)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France;
- Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Masson
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; (L.A.); (J.-D.M.)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Alberto Rubio-Casillas
- Biology Laboratory, Autlán Regional Preparatory School, University of Guadalajara, Autlán 48900, Jalisco, Mexico;
- Autlán Regional Hospital, Health Secretariat, Autlán 48900, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Marika Nosten-Bertrand
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France;
- Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Guillemette Crépeaux
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; (L.A.); (J.-D.M.)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Correspondence:
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6
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Masson JD, Angrand L, Badran G, de Miguel R, Crépeaux G. Clearance, biodistribution, and neuromodulatory effects of aluminum-based adjuvants. Systematic review and meta-analysis: what do we learn from animal studies? Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:403-419. [PMID: 36112128 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2105688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) salts are commonly used as adjuvants in human and veterinary vaccines for almost a century. Despite this long history of use and the very large number of exposed individuals, data in the literature concerning the fate of these molecules after injection and their potential effects on the nervous system is limited. In the context of (i) an increase of exposure to Al salts through vaccination; (ii) the absence of safety values determined by health regulators; (iii) the lack of robustness of the studies used as references to officially claim Al adjuvant innocuity; (iv) the publication of several animal studies investigating Al salts clearance/biopersistence and neurotoxicity; we have examined in this review all published studies performed on animals and assessing Al adjuvants kinetics, biodistribution, and neuromodulation since the first work of A. Glenny in the 1920s. The diversity of methodological approaches, results, and potential weaknesses of the 31 collected studies are exposed. A large range of protocols has been used, including a variety of exposure schedule and analyses methods, making comparisons between studies uneasy. Nevertheless, published data highlight that when biopersistence, translocation, or neuromodulation were assessed, they were documented whatever the different in vivo models and methods used. Moreover, the studies pointed out the crucial importance of the different Al adjuvant physicochemical properties and host genetic background on their kinetics, biodistribution, and neuromodulatory effects. Regarding the state of the art on this key public health topic, further studies are clearly needed to determine the exact safety level of Al salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-D Masson
- INSERM, IMRB, Univ Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - L Angrand
- INSERM, IMRB, Univ Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France.,École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, IMRB, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - G Badran
- INSERM, IMRB, Univ Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France.,Laboratoire SABNP, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Paris, France
| | - R de Miguel
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - G Crépeaux
- INSERM, IMRB, Univ Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France.,École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, IMRB, Maisons-Alfort, France
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7
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Rodríguez-Largo A, Castells E, de Miguel R, Gómez Á, Ruiz H, Pérez M, Reina R, Ferrer LM, Luján L. Detection of aluminium hydroxide-induced granulomas in sheep by computed tomography: A feasible approach for small ruminant lentiviruses diagnosis and research. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:1757-1761. [PMID: 34296523 PMCID: PMC8464275 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) hydroxide use as adjuvant induces local formation of long‐lasting subcutaneous granulomas in sheep. Macrophages within these granulomas have been identified as a new small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) replication site in naturally infected animals. Diagnosis of Al hydroxide‐induced granulomas in sheep is mostly based on postmortem observations but little information is available on in vivo detection. Computed tomography (CT) is used for studying these reactions in other animal species. To determine if CT could be a tool for in vivo diagnosis and research of subcutaneous Al hydroxide‐induced granulomas in sheep. A retrospective survey on thoracic CT scans was performed on 46 adult sheep. Analysis included absence or presence, number and location of subcutaneous nodules. Thoracic CT scans and pathological studies were prescribed to two further sheep. Single or multiple subcutaneous nodules were detected in 26 (56.52%) sheep. One or two nodules per animal were most often observed (36.95%). Size ranged between 1.5 and 4.5 cm. Pre‐contrast two‐dimensional (2D) CT images showed focal or multifocal increases in subcutaneous tissue thickness. Post‐contrast 2D CT images revealed hypointense areas in the centre. Histopathology indicated the presence of granulomas composed by a large number of activated macrophages, surrounding a central core of necrosis. Large intracytoplasmic Al‐positive aggregates were demonstrated by lumogallion staining. CT is a useful tool to detect subcutaneous Al hydroxide‐induced granulomas in vivo in sheep. CT provides a diagnostic and research tool that can be very useful in future works in Al hydroxide‐induced pathology, SRLV infection, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ricardo de Miguel
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Álex Gómez
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Héctor Ruiz
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,AgriFood Institute of Aragon (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ramsés Reina
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, CSIC-Government of Navarra, Mutilva, Spain
| | - Luis M Ferrer
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,AgriFood Institute of Aragon (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lluís Luján
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,AgriFood Institute of Aragon (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
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8
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Echeverría I, de Miguel R, Asín J, Rodríguez-Largo A, Fernández A, Pérez M, de Andrés D, Luján L, Reina R. Replication of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses in Aluminum Hydroxide-Induced Granulomas in Sheep: a Potential New Factor for Viral Dissemination. J Virol 2020; 95:e01859-20. [PMID: 33115880 PMCID: PMC7944437 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01859-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum (Al)-based salts are widely used adjuvants in ruminants and other species to strengthen the immune response elicited against vaccine antigen(s). However, they can lead to the formation of long-lasting granulomas composed of abundant activated macrophages. Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) are widely distributed macrophage-tropic retroviruses that cause persistent infections in sheep and goats. Infected monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells establish an inflammatory microenvironment that eventually leads to clinical manifestations. The aim of this work was to study the effect of Al-induced granulomas in the replication and pathogenesis of SRLV. Eleven adult, naturally SRLV-infected sheep showing clinical arthritis were distributed in vaccine (n = 6), adjuvant-only (n = 3), and control (n = 2) groups and inoculated with commercial Al-based vaccines, Al hydroxide adjuvant alone, or phosphate-buffered saline, respectively. In vitro studies demonstrated viral replication in Al-induced granulomas in 5 out of 10 sheep. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) evinced granular, intracytoplasmic SRLV presence in macrophages within granulomas. Viral sequences obtained from granulomas, blood monocytes, and other tissues were highly similar in most animals, suggesting virus circulation among body compartments. However, notable differences between isolated strains in granulomas and other tissues in specific animals were also noted. Interestingly, the B2 subtype was the most commonly found SRLV genotype, reaching a wider body distribution than previously described. Recombination events between genotypes B2 and A3 along the gag region were identified in two sheep. Our results indicate that Al-hydroxide-derived granulomas may represent an ideal compartment for SRLV replication, perhaps altering natural SRLV infection by providing a new, suitable target tissue.IMPORTANCE Granulomas are inflammation-derived structures elicited by foreign bodies or certain infections. Aluminum adjuvants included in vaccines induce granulomas in many species. In sheep, these are persistent and consist of activated macrophages. Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV), which are macrophage-tropic lentiviruses, cause a chronic wasting disease affecting animal welfare and production. Here, we studied the occurrence of SRLV in postvaccination granulomas retrieved from naturally infected ewes after vaccination or inoculation with aluminum only. SRLV infection was confirmed in granulomas by identification of viral proteins, genomic fragments, and enzymatic activity. The infecting SRLV strain, previously found exclusively in carpal joints, reached the central nervous system, suggesting that occurrence of SRLV in postvaccination granulomas may broaden tissue tropism. SRLV recombination was detected in inoculated animals, a rare event in sheep lentiviruses. Potentially, virus-host interactions within granulomas may modify viral pathogenesis and lead to more widespread infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irache Echeverría
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, CSIC-Government of Navarra, Mutilva, Spain
| | - Ricardo de Miguel
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Asín
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Fernández
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- AgriFood Institute of Aragon (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Damián de Andrés
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, CSIC-Government of Navarra, Mutilva, Spain
| | - Lluís Luján
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- AgriFood Institute of Aragon (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ramsés Reina
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, CSIC-Government of Navarra, Mutilva, Spain
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9
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Adjuvants for swine vaccines: Mechanisms of actions and adjuvant effects. Vaccine 2020; 38:6659-6681. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Hutton Carlsen K, Larsen G, Serup J. Tattoo pigment agglomerates measured in commercial ink stock products by computerised light microscopy. Skin Res Technol 2019; 26:292-300. [PMID: 31762137 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of clinical complications such as granuloma formation and sarcoidosis is often seen in black tattoos and may be associated with agglomeration of black pigment. AIM To measure count and dimensions of agglomerates in black tattoo inks vs red inks and to compare old inks and new inks of identical brands. METHOD Examination was performed by light microscopy (Olympus BX51™ ) with magnification 40X, immersion oil. Photographs (Jenoptik Gryphax RGB camera) were taken of each ink sample and analysed by ImageJ software; count, area, width, height, circumference and circularity index were measured. Agglomerates were defined as width and height of objects above 800 nm. Twenty-one new unopened black inks and 17 new unopened red inks were compared. Furthermore, five old black inks and five old red inks, that had been opened and stocked for over 2 years, were compared with new products of the same brands. RESULTS Black agglomerates were area wise and with respect to width, height and circumference significantly larger compared with red agglomerates and more circularly shaped. Count of agglomerates was lower in black inks than in red inks, in accordance with bigger dimensions of black agglomerates. Comparison of old and new inks indicated old inks have larger agglomerates but variable bottle size and storage conditions may have confounded results. CONCLUSION Pigment agglomerates in black tattoo ink stock products were sized larger than agglomerates in red inks. Agglomerates found directly in black inks may predispose to granuloma formation in black tattoos causing sarcoid reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Hutton Carlsen
- Department of Dermatology, The "Tattoo Clinic", Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jørgen Serup
- Department of Dermatology, The "Tattoo Clinic", Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Weisser K, Göen T, Oduro JD, Wangorsch G, Hanschmann KMO, Keller-Stanislawski B. Aluminium in plasma and tissues after intramuscular injection of adjuvanted human vaccines in rats. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:2787-2796. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02561-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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12
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Cho J, Ko EY, Jo K, Lee S, Jang S, Song M, Jung S. Reducing lesion incidence in pork carcasses by heating foot-and-mouth disease vaccine before injection. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:634-639. [PMID: 31480176 PMCID: PMC7054598 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate the effect of heating of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine before injection, on the incidence of lesions at the injection site (pork butt), amount of discarded meat, and economical benefit. METHODS In total, 101,086 piglets raised in 30 farms, were vaccinated in the neck with 2 mL of FMD vaccine at 56 d and 84 d of age using a commercial syringe. The heat treatment group (48,511 pigs) was injected with the FMD vaccine after it had been heated in a water bath at 40°C for 20 min. After slaughter, the incidence of lesions on the pork butt was inspected, and the subsequent amount of discarded meat was recorded. RESULTS Heat treatment of FMD vaccine reduced the incident rate of lesions on the pork butt (p<0.01). Overall, 17.81% of the pigs in the heat treatment group had lesions, while the incident rate in the control group was 21.70%. The amount of discarded meat per head of total pigs and per head of pigs with lesions were significantly lower in the heat treatment group than the control group (p<0.01). Thus, the proportion of discarded meat to dressed carcass was lower in the heat treatment group (0.249%) compared with the control group (0.338%) (p<0.01). Farms that rear 1,000 sows can gain 1,863,289 KRW (1,600 USD) in one year when they adopt heat treatment of FMD vaccine before injection. CONCLUSION Heat treatment of FMD vaccine using simple heat equipment (water bath) can be effective in reducing lesions caused by FMD vaccination and increase the economic benefits in pig farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesung Cho
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Eun Young Ko
- Dodram Pig Farmers' Cooperative, Icheon 17405, Korea
| | - Kyung Jo
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Seonmin Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sungbong Jang
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Minho Song
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Samooel Jung
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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13
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Ko EY, Cho J, Cho JH, Jo K, Lee SH, Chung YJ, Jung S. Reduction in Lesion Incidence in Pork Carcass Using Transdermal Needle-free Injection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2018; 38:1155-1159. [PMID: 30675107 PMCID: PMC6335128 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2018.e46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an infectious disease affecting pigs. The control of FMD in
swine husbandry is very important because its outbreak results in a vast economic loss. FMD
vaccination has effectively controlled FMD; however, it results in economic loss associated
with the incidence of lesions in the pork meat at the injection site. The objective of this
study was to investigate the effects of transdermal needle-free injection (NFI) of the FMD
vaccine on the incidence of lesions at the injection site. Pigs (n=493) in the control group
were vaccinated with the FMD vaccine using a commercial syringe needle, while 492 pigs in the
transdermal NFI group received the FMD vaccine using a needle-free gas-powered jet injector.
After the slaughter of the pigs, the incidence of lesions at the injection site of all pigs was
checked by plant workers. The result of this study showed that the incidence of lesions in the
pork ham from pigs vaccinated with NFI was 14.82% lower than that in control pigs
(p<0.01). In addition, lesions generated in the NFI group were found just in the
subcutaneous tissue. Therefore, the incidence of lesions at the injection site in pork from
pigs vaccinated with the FMD vaccine can be effectively reduced by using transdermal NFI rather
than a conventional syringe needle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Ko
- Dodram Pig Farmers' Cooperative, Icheon 17405, Korea.,Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jaesung Cho
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Cho
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Kyung Jo
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Yoon Ji Chung
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Samooel Jung
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Asín J, Molín J, Pérez M, Pinczowski P, Gimeno M, Navascués N, Muniesa A, de Blas I, Lacasta D, Fernández A, de Pablo L, Mold M, Exley C, de Andrés D, Reina R, Luján L. Granulomas Following Subcutaneous Injection With Aluminum Adjuvant-Containing Products in Sheep. Vet Pathol 2018; 56:418-428. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985818809142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The use of vaccines including aluminum (Al)–based adjuvants is widespread among small ruminants and other animals. They are associated with the appearance of transient injection site nodules corresponding to granulomas. This study aims to characterize the morphology of these granulomas, to understand the role of the Al adjuvant in their genesis, and to establish the presence of the metal in regional lymph nodes. A total of 84 male neutered lambs were selected and divided into 3 treatment groups of 28 animals each: (1) vaccine (containing Al-based adjuvant), (2) adjuvant-only, and (3) control. A total of 19 subcutaneous injections were performed in a time frame of 15 months. Granulomas and regional lymph nodes were evaluated by clinicopathological means. All of the vaccine and 92.3% of the adjuvant-only lambs presented injection-site granulomas; the granulomas were more numerous in the group administered the vaccine. Bacterial culture in granulomas was always negative. Histologically, granulomas in the vaccine group presented a higher degree of severity. Al was specifically identified by lumogallion staining in granulomas and lymph nodes. Al median content was significantly higher ( P < .001) in the lymph nodes of the vaccine group (82.65 μg/g) compared with both adjuvant-only (2.53 μg/g) and control groups (0.96 μg/g). Scanning transmission electron microscopy demonstrated aggregates of Al within macrophages in vaccine and adjuvant-only groups. In these two groups, Al-based adjuvants induce persistent, sterile, subcutaneous granulomas with macrophage-driven translocation of Al to regional lymph nodes. Local translocation of Al may induce further accumulation in distant tissues and be related to the appearance of systemic signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Asín
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jéssica Molín
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pedro Pinczowski
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marina Gimeno
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nuria Navascués
- Institute of Nanoscience of Aragón (INA), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Muniesa
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio de Blas
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Delia Lacasta
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lorena de Pablo
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, CSIC–Public University of Navarra, Government of Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Matthew Mold
- Lennard-Jones Laboratories, The Birchall Centre, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Christopher Exley
- Lennard-Jones Laboratories, The Birchall Centre, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Damián de Andrés
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, CSIC–Public University of Navarra, Government of Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Ramsés Reina
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, CSIC–Public University of Navarra, Government of Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Lluís Luján
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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15
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Ko EY, Jung S, Jeong HK, Han JH, Son JH. Effects of Foot-and-mouth Disease Vaccination Location and Injection Device on the Incidence of Site Lesions in Pork. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2018; 38:498-505. [PMID: 30018494 PMCID: PMC6048371 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2018.38.3.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the effects of the type O foot-and-mouse
disease vaccine (FMDV) on the incidence of abnormal meat such as granuloma or
abscess formation at the injection site in pork and its associated economic
losses. At 56 d of age, piglets were inoculated with FMDV by one of three
administration routes: N-Neck (a conventional needle-syringe injection into the
neck), N-Ham (a conventional needle-syringe injection into the ham), and
Non-Neck (injection with a needle-free device into the neck). The injection
sites were visually examined for the presence of a granuloma or abscess, and the
incidence rate of abnormal meat was calculated. The gross weight of the portion
of the pork carcasses condemned because of granuloma or abscess formation was
measured and multiplied by the weekly sales price to calculate the total
economic losses. After implementation of FMDV, the economic losses were
approximately six times higher than before implementation. Granuloma or abscess
formation was significantly higher in the N-Neck and Non-Neck groups, in which
the vaccine was inoculated into the neck area, than in the N-Ham group (N-Neck
and N-Ham vs Non-Neck, p<0.05). These results suggest
that the incidence of lesions could be reduced if the ham route was used for
vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Ko
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.,Dodram Pig Farmers' Cooperative, Icheon 17405, Korea
| | - Samooel Jung
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | | | - Jeong Hee Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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16
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Kimura K. Superovulation with a single administration of FSH in aluminum hydroxide gel: a novel superovulation method for cattle. J Reprod Dev 2016; 62:423-429. [PMID: 27396385 PMCID: PMC5081728 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Superovulation (SOV) is a necessary technique to produce large numbers of embryos for embryo transfer. In the conventional methods, follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) is administered to donor cattle twice daily for 3 to 4 days. As this method is labor intensive and stresses cattle, improving this method has been desired. We previously developed a novel and simple SOV method, in which the intramuscular injection of a single dose of FSH in aluminum hydroxide gel (AH-gel) induced the growth of multiple follicles, ovulation and the production of multiple embryos. Here we show that AH-gel can efficiently adsorb FSH and release it effectively in the presence of BSA, a major interstitial protein. When a single intramuscular administration of the FSH and AH-gel mixture was performed to cattle, multiple follicular growth, ovulation and embryo production were induced. However, the treatments caused indurations at the administration sites in the muscle. To reduce the muscle damage, we investigated alternative administration routes and different amounts of aluminum in the gel. By administering the FSH in AH-gel subcutaneously rather than intramuscularly, the amount of aluminum in the gel could be reduced, thus reducing the size of the induration. Moreover, repeated administrations of FSH with AH-gel did not affect the superovulatory response. These results indicate that a single administration of FSH with AH-gel is an effective, novel and practical method for SOV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kimura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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17
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Flesken-Nikitin A, Toshkov I, Naskar J, Tyner KM, Williams RM, Zipfel WR, Giannelis EP, Nikitin AY. Toxicity and Biomedical Imaging of Layered Nanohybrids in the Mouse. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 35:806-12. [DOI: 10.1080/01926230701584239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Layered nanohybrids (LNH) are a promising nonviral system allowing controlled drug and DNA delivery. In order to test the toxicity of LNH consisting of a magnesium/aluminum core, mice were subjected to subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, and intravenous injections of these nanoparticles at three doses. Intravenous injections resulted in 8% (1 out of 12) lethality at doses 100 μl and 200 μl of 6.96 × 10−4 M solution, while all mice survived after LNH administration by any other routes. Histopathological alterations were limited to mild localized inflammatory lesions in the lungs and the dermis after intravenous and subcutaneous administration, respectively. LNH labeled with Lucifer Yellow were readily detectable in both locations by fluorescent microscopy. To test their potential for intravital imaging, LNH-Lucifer Yellow were injected into the ovarian bursa and successfully visualized by multiphoton microscopy within the ovarian surface epithelial cells. In similar experiments, the ovary and the ovarian bursa were readily detectable by magnetic resonance imaging after administration of modified LNH, where aluminum was substituted for gadolinium. Taken together, these results demonstrate minimal in vivo toxicity of LNH and illuminate their potential as multifunctional nanoscale particles suitable for combination of intravital biomedical imaging with controlled drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Warren R. Zipfel
- Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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18
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Alsuwaidi AR, Albawardi A, Khan NH, Souid AK. A 4-month-old baby presenting with dermal necrotizing granulomatous giant cell reaction at the injection site of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2014; 8:285. [PMID: 25152179 PMCID: PMC4150417 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-8-285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adjuvants (for example, aluminum salts) are frequently incorporated in licensed vaccines to enhance the host immune response. Such vaccines include the pneumococcal conjugate, combinations of diphtheria–tetanus/acellular pertussis, tetanus– diphtheria/acellular pertussis, hepatitis B, some Haemophilus influenzae type b, hepatitis A, and human papillomavirus. These preparations have been associated with complicated local adverse events, especially if administered subcutaneously or intradermally in comparison to deep intramuscular injection. We describe a severe inflammatory reaction at the site of an injection of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Case presentation A 4-month-old Arab baby boy developed dermal necrotizing granulomatous giant cell reaction at the injection site (right anterior thigh) of the second dose of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Ziehl–Neelsen and periodic-acid Schiff were negative. This reaction probably resulted from improper intramuscular administration because the first (at 2 months of age) and third (at 10 months of age) doses were uneventful. Conclusions Dermal necrotizing granulomatous reactions are a serious complication of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Health care providers need to administer this preparation deeply into a muscle mass. Completing the vaccine series is an acceptable option. Physicians are encouraged to report their experience with completing vaccine series following adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Alsuwaidi
- Department of Pediatrics, United Arab Emirates University, P,O, Box 17666, Al-Ain, UAE.
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19
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Gionfriddo JP, Denicola AJ, Miller LA, Fagerstone KA. Health effects of GnRH immunocontraception of wild white-tailed deer in New Jersey. WILDLIFE SOC B 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Harris JR, Soliakov A, Lewis RJ, Depoix F, Watkinson A, Lakey JH. Alhydrogel® adjuvant, ultrasonic dispersion and protein binding: a TEM and analytical study. Micron 2011; 43:192-200. [PMID: 21831642 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 07/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium-based vaccine adjuvants have been in use since the 1920s. Aluminium hydroxide (alum) that is the chemical basis of Alhydrogel, a widely used adjuvant, is a colloid that binds proteins to the particular surface for efficient presentation to the immune system during the vaccination process. Using conventional TEM and cryo-TEM we have shown that Alhydrogel can be finely dispersed by ultrasonication of the aqueous suspension. Clusters of ultrasonicated aluminium hydroxide micro-fibre crystals have been produced (∼ 10-100 nm), that are significantly smaller than those present the untreated Alhydrogel (∼ 2-12 μm). However, even prolonged ultrasonication did not produce a homogenous suspension of single aluminium hydroxide micro-fibres. The TEM images of unstained and negatively stained air-dried Alhydrogel are very similar to those obtained by cryo-electron microscopy. Visualization of protein on the surface of the finely dispersed Alhydrogel by TEM is facilitated by prior ultrasonication. Several examples are given, including some of medical relevance, using proteins of widely ranging molecular mass and oligomerization state. Even with the smaller mass proteins, their presence on the Alhydrogel surface can be readily defined by TEM. It has been found that low quantities of protein tend to cross-link and aggregate the small Alhydogel clusters, in a more pronounced manner than high protein concentrations. This indicates that complete saturation of the available Alhydrogel surface with protein may be achieved, with minimal cross-linkage, and future exploitation of this treatment of Alhydrogel is likely to be of immediate value for more efficient vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Robin Harris
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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21
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Rodriguez LL, Gay CG. Development of vaccines toward the global control and eradication of foot-and-mouth disease. Expert Rev Vaccines 2011; 10:377-87. [PMID: 21434805 DOI: 10.1586/erv.11.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most economically and socially devastating diseases affecting animal agriculture throughout the world. Although mortality is usually low in adult animals, millions of animals have been killed in efforts to rapidly control and eradicate FMD. The causing virus, FMD virus (FMDV), is a highly variable RNA virus occurring in seven serotypes (A, O, C, Asia 1, Sat 1, Sat 2 and Sat 3) and a large number of subtypes. FMDV is one of the most infectious agents known, affecting cloven-hoofed animals with significant variations in infectivity and virus transmission. Although inactivated FMD vaccines have been available for decades, there is little or no cross-protection across serotypes and subtypes, requiring vaccines that are matched to circulating field strains. Current inactivated vaccines require growth of virulent virus, posing a threat of escape from manufacturing sites, have limited shelf life and require re-vaccination every 4-12 months. These vaccines have aided in the eradication of FMD from Europe and the control of clinical disease in many parts of the world, albeit at a very high cost. However, FMDV persists in endemic regions impacting millions of people dependent on livestock for food and their livelihood. Usually associated with developing countries that lack the resources to control it, FMD is a global problem and the World Organization for Animal Health and the United Nations' Food Agriculture Organization have called for its global control and eradication. One of the main limitations to FMDV eradication is the lack of vaccines designed for this purpose, vaccines that not only protect against clinical signs but that can actually prevent infection and effectively interrupt the natural transmission cycle. These vaccines should be safely and inexpensively produced, be easy to deliver, and also be capable of inducing lifelong immunity against multiple serotypes and subtypes. Furthermore, there is a need for better integrated strategies that fit the specific needs of endemic regions. Availability of these critical components will greatly enhance the chances for the global control and eradication of FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis L Rodriguez
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Orient Point, New York, NY, USA.
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22
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Wilson-Welder JH, Torres MP, Kipper MJ, Mallapragada SK, Wannemuehler MJ, Narasimhan B. Vaccine adjuvants: current challenges and future approaches. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:1278-316. [PMID: 18704954 PMCID: PMC8092333 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For humans, companion animals, and food producing animals, vaccination has been touted as the most successful medical intervention for the prevention of disease in the twentieth century. However, vaccination is not without problems. With the development of new and less reactogenic vaccine antigens, which take advantage of molecular recombinant technologies, also comes the need for more effective adjuvants that will facilitate the induction of adaptive immune responses. Furthermore, current vaccine adjuvants are successful at generating humoral or antibody mediated protection but many diseases currently plaguing humans and animals, such as tuberculosis and malaria, require cell mediated immunity for adequate protection. A comprehensive discussion is presented of current vaccine adjuvants, their effects on the induction of immune responses, and vaccine adjuvants that have shown promise in recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Wilson-Welder
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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Aluminum Granuloma After Administration of the Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine. Report of a Case. Am J Dermatopathol 2008; 30:622-4. [DOI: 10.1097/dad.0b013e318185a691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Croce S, Lhermitte B, Tomasetto C, Guillard O, Bellocq JP, Chenard MP. [Late-onset vaccination-induced subcutaneous pseudolymphoma]. Ann Pathol 2008; 28:146-9. [PMID: 18675172 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Persistent subcutaneous nodules arise on rare occasions at sites of injection of aluminium hydroxide-adsorbed vaccine. We report a case following a diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccination. The late onset of the lesion, four years after the injection, led to an uncertain preoperative diagnosis. Histopathologic examination showed features of a subcutaneous pseudolymphoma. The demonstration of aluminium by Morin staining and atomic absorption spectrometry on a paraffin-embedded tissue probe supported the diagnosis of a vaccination-induced pseudolymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Croce
- Département de pathologie, CHU de Strasbourg, hôpital de Hautepierre, 1, avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg cedex, France
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25
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Perrin L, Gatouillat G, Balasse E, Odot J, Nicolau C, Tosi PF, Madoulet C. Induction of autoantibodies to murine P-glycoprotein: Consequences on drug sensitivity in MDR cancer cells and on the expression of mdr genes in organs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 358:325-30. [PMID: 17477907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.04.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2007] [Accepted: 04/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the 170 kDa plasma membrane P-glycoprotein (P-gp) represents the most common MDR mechanism in chemotherapy. In this work, specific autoantibodies to fragments from extracellular loops 1, 2, and 4 of the murine MDR1 P-gp were elicited in mice using synthetic palmitoylated peptides reconstituted in liposomes and alum. The highest IgG level was observed after the third immunization and the immune response against lipopeptides was still detected more than 200 days after immunizations. Immunocytochemichal studies revealed that these antibodies were specific for P-gp. When incubated with P-gp-expressing MDR cell lines, serum from immunized mice restored sensitivity to either doxorubicin or vinblastine, or had no effect in a cell type specific manner, suggesting that several mechanisms may occur in the establishment of the MDR phenotype. The expression of mdr1 and mdr3 genes was unchanged in organs from mice immunized with palmitoylpeptides grafted on liposomes. These results suggest that the induction of autoantibodies to P-gp is a safe strategy to overcome MDR in cancer chemotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/biosynthesis
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/biosynthesis
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/immunology
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/biosynthesis
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Autoantibodies/biosynthesis
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Multiple
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Genes, MDR
- Liposomes
- Mice
- Organ Specificity
- Peptides/immunology
- Vinblastine/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Perrin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, EA 3796, IFR 53 Biomolécules, 51 rue Cognac-Jay, 51096 Reims Cedex, France
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Krewski D, Yokel RA, Nieboer E, Borchelt D, Cohen J, Harry J, Kacew S, Lindsay J, Mahfouz AM, Rondeau V. Human health risk assessment for aluminium, aluminium oxide, and aluminium hydroxide. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2007; 10 Suppl 1:1-269. [PMID: 18085482 PMCID: PMC2782734 DOI: 10.1080/10937400701597766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Krewski
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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