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Abdelwahab WM, Le-Vinh B, Riffey A, Hicks L, Buhl C, Ettenger G, Jackson KJ, Weiss AM, Miller S, Ryter K, Evans JT, Burkhart DJ. Promotion of Th17 Polarized Immunity via Co-Delivery of Mincle Agonist and Tuberculosis Antigen Using Silica Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:3877-3889. [PMID: 38832760 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Adjuvants and immunomodulators that effectively drive a Th17-skewed immune response are not part of the standard vaccine toolkit. Vaccine adjuvants and delivery technologies that can induce Th17 or Th1/17 immunity and protection against bacterial pathogens, such as tuberculosis (TB), are urgently needed. Th17-polarized immune response can be induced using agonists that bind and activate C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) such as macrophage inducible C-type lectin (Mincle). A simple but effective strategy was developed for codelivering Mincle agonists with the recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion antigen, M72, using tunable silica nanoparticles (SNP). Anionic bare SNP, hydrophobic phenyl-functionalized SNP (P-SNP), and cationic amine-functionalized SNP (A-SNP) of different sizes were coated with three synthetic Mincle agonists, UM-1024, UM-1052, and UM-1098, and evaluated for adjuvant activity in vitro and in vivo. The antigen and adjuvant were coadsorbed onto SNP via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, facilitating multivalent display and delivery to antigen presenting cells. The cationic A-SNP showed the highest coloading efficiency for the antigen and adjuvant. In addition, the UM-1098-adsorbed A-SNP formulation demonstrated slow-release kinetics in vitro, excellent stability over 12 months of storage, and strong IL-6 induction from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Co-adsorption of UM-1098 and M72 on A-SNP significantly improved antigen-specific humoral and Th17-polarized immune responses in vivo in BALB/c mice relative to the controls. Taken together, A-SNP is a promising platform for codelivery and proper presentation of adjuvants and antigens and provides the basis for their further development as a vaccine delivery platform for immunization against TB or other diseases for which Th17 immunity contributes to protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid M Abdelwahab
- Center for Translational Medicine, 32 campus drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Bao Le-Vinh
- Center for Translational Medicine, 32 campus drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Alexander Riffey
- Center for Translational Medicine, 32 campus drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Linda Hicks
- Center for Translational Medicine, 32 campus drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Cassandra Buhl
- Center for Translational Medicine, 32 campus drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - George Ettenger
- Center for Translational Medicine, 32 campus drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Konner J Jackson
- Center for Translational Medicine, 32 campus drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Inimmune Corporation, 1121 East Broadway, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Adam M Weiss
- Center for Translational Medicine, 32 campus drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Shannon Miller
- Center for Translational Medicine, 32 campus drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Inimmune Corporation, 1121 East Broadway, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Kendal Ryter
- Center for Translational Medicine, 32 campus drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Inimmune Corporation, 1121 East Broadway, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Jay T Evans
- Center for Translational Medicine, 32 campus drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Inimmune Corporation, 1121 East Broadway, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - David J Burkhart
- Center for Translational Medicine, 32 campus drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Inimmune Corporation, 1121 East Broadway, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
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2
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Nagar N, Naidu G, Mishra A, Poluri KM. Protein-Based Nanocarriers and Nanotherapeutics for Infection and Inflammation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:91-109. [PMID: 37699711 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious and inflammatory diseases are one of the leading causes of death globally. The status quo has become more prominent with the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To combat these potential crises, proteins have been proven as highly efficacious drugs, drug targets, and biomarkers. On the other hand, advancements in nanotechnology have aided efficient and sustained drug delivery due to their nano-dimension-acquired advantages. Combining both strategies together, the protein nanoplatforms are equipped with the advantageous intrinsic properties of proteins as well as nanoformulations, eloquently changing the field of nanomedicine. Proteins can act as carriers, therapeutics, diagnostics, and theranostics in their nanoform as fusion proteins or as composites with other organic/inorganic materials. Protein-based nanoplatforms have been extensively explored to target the major infectious and inflammatory diseases of clinical concern. The current review comprehensively deliberated proteins as nanocarriers for drugs and nanotherapeutics for inflammatory and infectious agents, with special emphasis on cancer and viral diseases. A plethora of proteins from diverse organisms have aided in the synthesis of protein-based nanoformulations. The current study specifically presented the proteins of human and pathogenic origin to dwell upon the field of protein nanotechnology, emphasizing their pharmacological advantages. Further, the successful clinical translation and current bottlenecks of the protein-based nanoformulations associated with the infection-inflammation paradigm have also been discussed comprehensively. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review discusses the plethora of promising protein-based nanocarriers and nanotherapeutics explored for infectious and inflammatory ailments, with particular emphasis on protein nanoparticles of human and pathogenic origin with reference to the advantages, ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion parameters), and current bottlenecks in development of protein-based nanotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Nagar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering (N.N., G.N., K.M.P.) and Centre for Nanotechnology (K.M.P.), Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India; and Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India (A.M.)
| | - Goutami Naidu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering (N.N., G.N., K.M.P.) and Centre for Nanotechnology (K.M.P.), Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India; and Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India (A.M.)
| | - Amit Mishra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering (N.N., G.N., K.M.P.) and Centre for Nanotechnology (K.M.P.), Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India; and Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India (A.M.)
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering (N.N., G.N., K.M.P.) and Centre for Nanotechnology (K.M.P.), Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India; and Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India (A.M.)
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3
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Buonaguro L, Tagliamonte M. Peptide-based vaccine for cancer therapies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1210044. [PMID: 37654484 PMCID: PMC10467431 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1210044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Different strategies based on peptides are available for cancer treatment, in particular to counter-act the progression of tumor growth and disease relapse. In the last decade, in the context of therapeutic strategies against cancer, peptide-based vaccines have been evaluated in different tumor models. The peptides selected for cancer vaccine development can be classified in two main type: tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and tumor-specific antigens (TSAs), which are captured, internalized, processed and presented by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to cell-mediated immunity. Peptides loaded onto MHC class I are recognized by a specific TCR of CD8+ T cells, which are activated to exert their cytotoxic activity against tumor cells presenting the same peptide-MHC-I complex. This process is defined as active immunotherapy as the host's immune system is either de novo activated or restimulated to mount an effective, tumor-specific immune reaction that may ultimately lead to tu-mor regression. However, while the preclinical data have frequently shown encouraging results, therapeutic cancer vaccines clinical trials, including those based on peptides have not provided satisfactory data to date. The limited efficacy of peptide-based cancer vaccines is the consequence of several factors, including the identification of specific target tumor antigens, the limited immunogenicity of peptides and the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). An effective cancer vaccine can be developed only by addressing all such different aspects. The present review describes the state of the art for each of such factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Tagliamonte
- Innovative Immunological Models Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - “Fond G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
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4
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Crouse B, Miller SM, Muelken P, Hicks L, Vigliaturo JR, Marker CL, Guedes AGP, Pentel PR, Evans JT, LeSage MG, Pravetoni M. A TLR7/8 agonist increases efficacy of anti-fentanyl vaccines in rodent and porcine models. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:107. [PMID: 37488109 PMCID: PMC10366150 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid use disorders (OUD) and overdose are public health threats worldwide. Widespread access to highly potent illicit synthetic opioids such as fentanyl is driving the recent rise in fatal overdoses. Vaccines containing fentanyl-based haptens conjugated to immunogenic carrier proteins offer a long-lasting, safe, and cost-effective strategy to protect individuals from overdose upon accidental or deliberate exposure to fentanyl and its analogs. Prophylactic or therapeutic active immunization with an anti-fentanyl vaccine induces the production of fentanyl-specific antibodies that bind the drug in the blood and prevent its distribution to the brain, which reduces its reinforcing effects and attenuates respiratory depression and bradycardia. To increase the efficacy of a lead anti-fentanyl vaccine, this study tested whether the incorporation of synthetic toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and TLR7/8 agonists as vaccine adjuvants would increase vaccine efficacy against fentanyl challenge, overdose, and self-administration in either rats or Hanford miniature pigs. Formulation of the vaccine with a nucleolipid TLR7/8 agonist enhanced its immunogenicity and efficacy in preventing fentanyl-induced respiratory depression, analgesia, bradycardia, and self-administration in either rats or mini-pigs. These studies support the use of TLR7/8 adjuvants in vaccine formulations to improve their clinical efficacy against OUD and potentially other substance use disorders (SUD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Crouse
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- HealthPartners Institute, Research and Evaluation Division, 8170 33rd Ave S, Bloomington, MN, 55425, USA
| | - Shannon M Miller
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- Inimmune Corporation, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Peter Muelken
- Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Linda Hicks
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Jennifer R Vigliaturo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cheryl L Marker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Luvo Bioscience, 7500W. Henrietta Road, Rush, NY, 14543, USA
| | - Alonso G P Guedes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Paul R Pentel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jay T Evans
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- Inimmune Corporation, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Mark G LeSage
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Marco Pravetoni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Center for Medication Development for Substance Use Disorders, Seattle, WA, USA.
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5
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Kim JY, Rosenberger MG, Rutledge NS, Esser-Kahn AP. Next-Generation Adjuvants: Applying Engineering Methods to Create and Evaluate Novel Immunological Responses. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1687. [PMID: 37376133 PMCID: PMC10300703 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants are a critical component of vaccines. Adjuvants typically target receptors that activate innate immune signaling pathways. Historically, adjuvant development has been laborious and slow, but has begun to accelerate over the past decade. Current adjuvant development consists of screening for an activating molecule, formulating lead molecules with an antigen, and testing this combination in an animal model. There are very few adjuvants approved for use in vaccines, however, as new candidates often fail due to poor clinical efficacy, intolerable side effects, or formulation limitations. Here, we consider new approaches using tools from engineering to improve next-generation adjuvant discovery and development. These approaches will create new immunological outcomes that will be evaluated with novel diagnostic tools. Potential improved immunological outcomes include reduced vaccine reactogenicity, tunable adaptive responses, and enhanced adjuvant delivery. Evaluations of these outcomes can leverage computational approaches to interpret "big data" obtained from experimentation. Applying engineering concepts and solutions will provide alternative perspectives, further accelerating the field of adjuvant discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aaron P. Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (J.Y.K.); (M.G.R.); (N.S.R.)
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6
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3-(5-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-Phenyl-2-Pyrazolines as Toll-Like Receptor 7 Agonists. J CHEM-NY 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/2151669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is an attractive target for developing immune modulators to enhance innate immunity against ssRNA virus infections, including hepatitis C and COVID-19. Ten 3-(5-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-2-pyrazolines were tested using TLR7 reporter cells, overexpressing TLR7 and the NF-κB-inducible SEAP reporter gene to discover a novel TLR7 agonist enhancing innate immunity. Of these, 2-(3-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)thiazol-4(5H)-one (compound 6) showed the best TLR7 agonistic activity, and further experiments were carried out to study the immune-modulatory capability of compound 6. Treatment with compound 6 rapidly induced phosphorylation of IRAK4, IKKα/β, IκBα, and p65/RelA in THP1 monocytic cells. In addition, it increased the expression of NF-κB-regulated innate cytokines, such as TNFα and IL1β, in THP1 monocytic cells. These data suggest that compound 6 induces an innate immune response by agonizing TLR7 activity in THP1 human monocytic cells. Therefore, compound 6 can be used as an innate immune modulator to develop antiviral agents and vaccine adjuvants.
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7
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Development of a TLR7/8 agonist adjuvant formulation to overcome early life hyporesponsiveness to DTaP vaccination. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16860. [PMID: 36258023 PMCID: PMC9579132 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20346-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection is the most common cause of mortality early in life, yet the broad potential of immunization is not fully realized in this vulnerable population. Most vaccines are administered during infancy and childhood, but in some cases the full benefit of vaccination is not realized in-part. New adjuvants are cardinal to further optimize current immunization approaches for early life. However, only a few classes of adjuvants are presently incorporated in vaccines approved for human use. Recent advances in the discovery and delivery of Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist adjuvants have provided a new toolbox for vaccinologists. Prominent among these candidate adjuvants are synthetic small molecule TLR7/8 agonists. The development of an effective infant Bordetella pertussis vaccine is urgently required because of the resurgence of pertussis in many countries, contemporaneous to the switch from whole cell to acellular vaccines. In this context, TLR7/8 adjuvant based vaccine formulation strategies may be a promising tool to enhance and accelerate early life immunity by acellular B. pertussis vaccines. In the present study, we optimized (a) the formulation delivery system, (b) structure, and (c) immunologic activity of novel small molecule imidazoquinoline TLR7/8 adjuvants towards human infant leukocytes, including dendritic cells. Upon immunization of neonatal mice, this TLR7/8 adjuvant overcame neonatal hyporesponsiveness to acellular pertussis vaccination by driving a T helper (Th)1/Th17 biased T cell- and IgG2c-skewed humoral response to a licensed acellular vaccine (DTaP). This potent immunization strategy may represent a new paradigm for effective immunization against pertussis and other pathogens in early life.
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8
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Ko KL, Lam YF, Cheung KS, Hung IFN, Leung WK. Clinical trial: intra dermal hepatitis B vaccination with topical imiquimod versus intra muscular hepatitis B vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 56:301-309. [PMID: 35546255 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficacy with conventional intra muscular (IM) hepatitis B vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is suboptimal. AIM To compare the immunogenicity of intradermal (ID) hepatitis B vaccination after topical imiquimod pre-treatment with IM hepatitis B vaccination in patients with IBD. METHODS Adult IBD patients with no evidence of hepatitis B infection or immunity (negative to HBsAg/anti-HBc/anti-HBs) were randomised 1:1 to receive either ID hepatitis B vaccine with topical imiquimod pre-treatment to injection site (ID-Imq) or IM hepatitis B vaccine with aqueous cream pre-treatment (IM-Aq) at 0, 1 and 6 months. Patients and investigators were blinded to the randomisation and intervention. The primary endpoint was seroprotection rate at 12-month, defined as percentage of subjects with anti-HBs ≥10 mIU/ml. RESULTS Between September 2019 and December 2020, 104 patients with IBD (68% male; 50% Crohn's) enrolled, and 53 assigned to ID-Imq group. The percentage of patients using steroids, immunomodulators or biologics at randomisation was 15%, 55% or 22%, respectively. Seroprotection rate at 12 months was significantly higher in the ID-Imq group than the IM-Aq group (91% vs 69%; OR 4.39, 95% CI 1.47-13.11). Multivariate analysis showed that ID vaccine with topical imiquimod and higher albumin level were associated with a higher seroprotection rate. The safety profile was similar but local reactions were more common in the ID-Imq group. CONCLUSIONS Intradermal hepatitis B vaccination with topical imiquimod pre-treatment is safe and offers superior seroprotection to conventional IM administration in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan-Lung Ko
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuk-Fai Lam
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Shing Cheung
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai K Leung
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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9
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Vijayan KKV, Cross KA, Curtis AD, Van Rompay KKA, Pollara J, Fox CB, Tomai M, Hanke T, Fouda G, Hudgens MG, Permar SR, De Paris K. Early Post-Vaccination Gene Signatures Correlate With the Magnitude and Function of Vaccine-Induced HIV Envelope-Specific Plasma Antibodies in Infant Rhesus Macaques. Front Immunol 2022; 13:840976. [PMID: 35572573 PMCID: PMC9094446 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the impact of early innate immune responses after vaccine priming on vaccine-elicited adaptive immune responses could inform rational design for effective HIV vaccines. The current study compared the whole blood molecular immune signatures of a 3M-052-SE adjuvanted HIV Env protein vaccine to a regimen combining the adjuvanted Env protein with simultaneous administration of a modified Vaccinia Ankara vector expressing HIV Env in infant rhesus macaques at days 0, 1, and 3 post vaccine prime. Both vaccines induced a rapid innate response, evident by elevated inflammatory plasma cytokines and altered gene expression. We identified 25 differentially-expressed genes (DEG) on day 1 compared to day 0 in the HIV protein vaccine group. In contrast, in the group that received both the Env protein and the MVA-Env vaccine only two DEG were identified, implying that the MVA-Env modified the innate response to the adjuvanted protein vaccine. By day 3, only three DEG maintained altered expression, indicative of the transient nature of the innate response. The DEG represented immune pathways associated with complement activation, type I interferon and interleukin signaling, pathogen sensing, and induction of adaptive immunity. DEG expression on day 1 was correlated to Env-specific antibody responses, in particular antibody-dependent cytotoxicity responses at week 34, and Env-specific follicular T helper cells. Results from network analysis supported the interaction of DEG and their proteins in B cell activation. These results emphasize that vaccine-induced HIV-specific antibody responses can be optimized through the modulation of the innate response to the vaccine prime.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Vidya Vijayan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for AIDS Research, and Children's Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kaitlyn A Cross
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Alan D Curtis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for AIDS Research, and Children's Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Koen K A Van Rompay
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Justin Pollara
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Departent of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Mark Tomai
- 3M Corporate Research Materials Laboratory, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Tomáš Hanke
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Genevieve Fouda
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Michael G Hudgens
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kristina De Paris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for AIDS Research, and Children's Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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10
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Jin SM, Lee SN, Kim JE, Yoo YJ, Song C, Shin HS, Phuengkham H, Lee CH, Um SH, Lim YT. Overcoming Chemoimmunotherapy-Induced Immunosuppression by Assemblable and Depot Forming Immune Modulating Nanosuspension. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102043. [PMID: 34363349 PMCID: PMC8498862 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The deficiency of antigen-specific T cells and the induction of various treatment-induced immunosuppressions still limits the clinical benefit of cancer immunotherapy. Although the chemo-immunotherapy adjuvanted with Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist (TLR 7/8a) induces immunogenic cell death (ICD) and in situ vaccination effect, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is also significantly increased in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor-draining lymph node (TDLN), which offsets the activated antitumor immunity. To address the treatment-induced immunosuppression, an assemblable immune modulating suspension (AIMS) containing ICD inducer (paclitaxel) and supra-adjuvant (immune booster; R848 as a TLR 7/8a, immunosuppression reliever; epacadostat as an IDO inhibitor) is suggested and shows that it increases cytotoxic T lymphocytes and relieves the IDO-related immunosuppression (TGF-β, IL-10, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and regulatory T cells) in both TME and TDLN, by the formation of in situ depot in tumor bed as well as by the efficient migration into TDLN. Local administration of AIMS increases T cell infiltration in both local and distant tumors and significantly inhibits the metastasis of tumors to the lung. Reverting treatment-induced secondary immunosuppression and reshaping "cold tumor" into "hot tumor" by AIMS also increases the response rate of immune checkpoint blockade therapy, which promises a new nanotheranostic strategy in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Mo Jin
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT)Department of Nano Engineering and School of Chemical EngineeringSungkyunkwan University (SKKU)2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Nam Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT)Department of Nano Engineering and School of Chemical EngineeringSungkyunkwan University (SKKU)2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT)Department of Nano Engineering and School of Chemical EngineeringSungkyunkwan University (SKKU)2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Jeong Yoo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT)Department of Nano Engineering and School of Chemical EngineeringSungkyunkwan University (SKKU)2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Republic of Korea
| | - Chanyoung Song
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT)Department of Nano Engineering and School of Chemical EngineeringSungkyunkwan University (SKKU)2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Sik Shin
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT)Department of Nano Engineering and School of Chemical EngineeringSungkyunkwan University (SKKU)2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Republic of Korea
| | - Hathaichanok Phuengkham
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT)Department of Nano Engineering and School of Chemical EngineeringSungkyunkwan University (SKKU)2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT)Department of Nano Engineering and School of Chemical EngineeringSungkyunkwan University (SKKU)2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Republic of Korea
| | - Soong Ho Um
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT)Department of Nano Engineering and School of Chemical EngineeringSungkyunkwan University (SKKU)2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Taik Lim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT)Department of Nano Engineering and School of Chemical EngineeringSungkyunkwan University (SKKU)2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Republic of Korea
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11
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Kimani FW, Manna S, Moser B, Shen J, Nihesh N, Esser-Kahn AP. Improving the Adjuvanticity of Small Molecule Immune Potentiators Using Covalently Linked NF-κB Modulators. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1441-1448. [PMID: 34527180 PMCID: PMC8436408 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecule immune potentiators (SMIPs) such as imidazoquinolinone derivatives that activate Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 have immense potential as vaccine adjuvants and as antitumor agents. However, these molecules have high bioavailability that results in unacceptable levels of systemic inflammation due to adjuvant toxicity, thereby greatly limiting their use. To address this challenge, here we report the design and synthesis of novel imidazoquinolinone-NF-κB immunomodulator dimers. Employing in vitro assays, we screened a select library of synthesized dimers and selected viable candidates for further in vivo experiments. With ovalbumin as a model antigen, we vaccinated mice and demonstrated that these dimers reduce the systemic toxicity associated with SMIPs to baseline levels while simultaneously maintaining the adjuvanticity in a vaccine formulation. Additionally, we showed that select dimers improved efficacy in a CT26 mouse colon carcinoma tumor model while eliciting minimal adjuvant toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora W. Kimani
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Saikat Manna
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Brittany Moser
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jingjing Shen
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Naorem Nihesh
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Aaron P. Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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12
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Tiboni M, Casettari L, Illum L. Nasal vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: Synergistic or alternative to intramuscular vaccines? Int J Pharm 2021; 603:120686. [PMID: 33964339 PMCID: PMC8099545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
It is striking that all marketed SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are developed for intramuscular administration designed to produce humoral and cell mediated immune responses, preventing viremia and the COVID-19 syndrome. They have a high degree of efficacy in humans (70–95%) depending on the type of vaccine. However, little protection is provided against viral replication and shedding in the upper airways due to the lack of a local sIgA immune response, indicating a risk of transmission of virus from vaccinated individuals. A range of novel nasal COVID-19 vaccines are in development and preclinical results in non-human primates have shown a promising prevention of replication and shedding of virus due to the induction of mucosal immune response (sIgA) in upper and lower respiratory tracts as well as robust systemic and humoral immune responses. Whether these results will translate to humans remains to be clarified. An IM prime followed by an IN booster vaccination would likely result in a better well-rounded immune response, including prevention (or strong reduction) in viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Tiboni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Luca Casettari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento, 6, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Lisbeth Illum
- IDentity, 19 Cavendish Crescent North, The Park, Nottingham, NG71BA, United Kingdom.
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13
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Vaure C, Grégoire-Barou V, Courtois V, Chautard E, Dégletagne C, Liu Y. Göttingen Minipigs as a Model to Evaluate Longevity, Functionality, and Memory of Immune Response Induced by Pertussis Vaccines. Front Immunol 2021; 12:613810. [PMID: 33815369 PMCID: PMC8009978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.613810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of the short-term and long-term immunological responses in a preclinical model that simulates the targeted age population with a relevant vaccination schedule is essential for human vaccine development. A Göttingen minipig model was assessed, using pertussis vaccines, to demonstrate that vaccine antigen-specific humoral and cellular responses, including IgG titers, functional antibodies, Th polarization and memory B cells can be assessed in a longitudinal study. A vaccination schedule of priming with a whole cell (DTwP) or an acellular (DTaP) pertussis vaccine was applied in neonatal and infant minipigs followed by boosting with a Tdap acellular vaccine. Single cell RNAsequencing was used to explore the long-term maintenance of immune memory cells and their functionality for the first time in this animal model. DTaP but not DTwP vaccination induced pertussis toxin (PT) neutralizing antibodies. The cellular immune response was also characterized by a distinct Th polarization, with a Th-2-biased response for DTaP and a Th-1/Th-17-biased response for DTwP. No difference in the maintenance of pertussis-specific memory B cells was observed in DTaP- or DTwP-primed animals 6 months post Tdap boost. However, an increase in pertussis-specific T cells was still observed in DTaP primed minipigs, together with up-regulation of genes involved in antigen presentation and interferon pathways. Overall, the minipig model reproduced the humoral and cellular immune responses induced in humans by DTwP vs. DTaP priming, followed by Tdap boosting. Our data suggest that the Göttingen minipig is an attractive preclinical model to predict the long-term immunogenicity of human vaccines against Bordetella pertussis and potentially also vaccines against other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Vaure
- Research and External Innovation, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | | | - Virginie Courtois
- Research and External Innovation, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Emilie Chautard
- Research and External Innovation, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Cyril Dégletagne
- Research and External Innovation, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Yuanqing Liu
- Research and External Innovation, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy l'Etoile, France
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14
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Berke K, Sun P, Ong E, Sanati N, Huffman A, Brunson T, Loney F, Ostrow J, Racz R, Zhao B, Xiang Z, Masci AM, Zheng J, Wu G, He Y. VaximmutorDB: A Web-Based Vaccine Immune Factor Database and Its Application for Understanding Vaccine-Induced Immune Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2021; 12:639491. [PMID: 33777032 PMCID: PMC7994782 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.639491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines stimulate various immune factors critical to protective immune responses. However, a comprehensive picture of vaccine-induced immune factors and pathways have not been systematically collected and analyzed. To address this issue, we developed VaximmutorDB, a web-based database system of vaccine immune factors (abbreviated as “vaximmutors”) manually curated from peer-reviewed articles. VaximmutorDB currently stores 1,740 vaccine immune factors from 13 host species (e.g., human, mouse, and pig). These vaximmutors were induced by 154 vaccines for 46 pathogens. Top 10 vaximmutors include three antibodies (IgG, IgG2a and IgG1), Th1 immune factors (IFN-γ and IL-2), Th2 immune factors (IL-4 and IL-6), TNF-α, CASP-1, and TLR8. Many enriched host processes (e.g., stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway, SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane) and cellular components (e.g., extracellular exosome, nucleoplasm) by all the vaximmutors were identified. Using influenza as a model, live attenuated and killed inactivated influenza vaccines stimulate many shared pathways such as signaling of many interleukins (including IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, IL-20, and IL-27), interferon signaling, MARK1 activation, and neutrophil degranulation. However, they also present their unique response patterns. While live attenuated influenza vaccine FluMist induced significant signal transduction responses, killed inactivated influenza vaccine Fluarix induced significant metabolism of protein responses. Two different Yellow Fever vaccine (YF-Vax) studies resulted in overlapping gene lists; however, they shared more portions of pathways than gene lists. Interestingly, live attenuated YF-Vax simulates significant metabolism of protein responses, which was similar to the pattern induced by killed inactivated Fluarix. A user-friendly web interface was generated to access, browse and search the VaximmutorDB database information. As the first web-based database of vaccine immune factors, VaximmutorDB provides systematical collection, standardization, storage, and analysis of experimentally verified vaccine immune factors, supporting better understanding of protective vaccine immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Berke
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Central Michigan College of Medicine, Mt. Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Peter Sun
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Edison Ong
- Department of Computational Medicine and Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nasim Sanati
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Anthony Huffman
- Department of Computational Medicine and Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Timothy Brunson
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Fred Loney
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Joseph Ostrow
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Rebecca Racz
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Bin Zhao
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Zuoshuang Xiang
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Anna Maria Masci
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Guanming Wu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Yongqun He
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Center for Computational Medicine and Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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15
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Gu T, Li G, Wu X, Zeng T, Xu Q, Li L, Vladyslav S, Chen G, Lu L. Molecular cloning, tissue distribution and function analysis of duck TLR7. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:234-241. [PMID: 32609043 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1784186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Among the TLRs, TLR7 is involved in the recognition of antiviral compounds and single-stranded RNA. This study was designed to explore the structure and function of TLR7 in duck (Anas platyrhynchos), a natural host for avian influenza virus. Firstly, the full-length cDNA of Shaoxing egg-laying duck TLR7 (duTLR7) was obtained using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). It consisted of 38 base pairs (bp) 5'-untranslated region (UTR), 187 bp 3'-UTR, and 3270 bp open reading frame that encodes a single protein of 1089 amino acid residues. DuTLR7 shares high identity with TLR7 genes from other vertebrates. In healthy ducks, duTLR7 transcripts were broadly expressed in different tissues, with higher expression levels in the liver, kidney, and thymus. The highest relative transcript level of duTLR7 could be induced with R848 stimulation. In addition, overexpression of duTLR7 by stimulating with poly(I:C) significantly promoted IFN-β, NF-κB, IRF7, TRIF, Mx, STAT1 and STAT2 expressions. Taken together, these results suggest that TLR7 may play an important role in the innate immune response of ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Gu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqin Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinsheng Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liumeng Li
- Zhuji Poultry Development Co., Ltd., Zhuji, Zhejiang, China
| | - Spyrydonov Vladyslav
- National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Guohong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic, Breeding and Molecular Design, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lizhi Lu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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16
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Mukherjee A, Raychaudhuri D, Sinha BP, Kundu B, Mitra M, Paul B, Bandopadhyay P, Ganguly D, Talukdar A. A Chemical Switch for Transforming a Purine Agonist for Toll-like Receptor 7 to a Clinically Relevant Antagonist. J Med Chem 2020; 63:4776-4789. [PMID: 32302115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is an established therapeutic target in myriad autoimmune disorders, but no TLR7 antagonist is available for clinical use to date. Herein, we report a purine scaffold TLR7 antagonist, first-of-its-kind to our knowledge, which was developed by rationally dissecting the structural requirements for TLR7-targeted activity for a purine scaffold. Specifically, we identified a singular chemical switch at C-2 that could make a potent purine scaffold TLR7 agonist to lose agonism and acquire antagonist activity, which could further be potentiated by the introduction of an additional basic center at C-6. We ended up developing a clinically relevant TLR7 antagonist with favorable pharmacokinetics and 70.8% oral bioavailability in mice. Moreover, the TLR7 antagonists depicted excellent selectivity against TLR8. To further validate the in vivo applicability of this novel TLR7 antagonist, we demonstrated its excellent efficacy in preventing TLR7-induced pathology in a preclinical murine model of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Mukherjee
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Deblina Raychaudhuri
- IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Bishnu Prasad Sinha
- IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Biswajit Kundu
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Mousumi Mitra
- IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Barnali Paul
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Purbita Bandopadhyay
- IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Dipyaman Ganguly
- IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Arindam Talukdar
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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17
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Berggren O, Pucholt P, Amcoff C, Rönnblom L, Eloranta ML. Activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells with two structurally different Toll-like receptor 7 agonists. Scand J Immunol 2020; 91:e12880. [PMID: 32219875 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 agonists have been suggested as immune modulators in a range of conditions. In contrast, self-derived TLR7 activators, such as RNA-containing immune complexes (RNA-IC), can contribute to autoimmune diseases due to endogenous immune activation. The exact difference in immune cell response between synthetic and endogenous TLR7 triggers is only partly known. An understanding of these differences could aid in the development of new therapeutic agents and provide insights into autoimmune disease mechanisms. We therefore compared the stimulatory capacity of two TLR7 agonists, RNA-IC and a synthetic small molecule DSR-6434, on blood leucocytes, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and B cells from healthy individuals. IFN-α, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF levels were measured by immunoassays, and gene expression in pDCs was analysed by an expression array. DSR-6434 triggered 20-fold lower levels of IFN-α by pDCs, but higher production of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF, compared to RNA-IC. Furthermore, IFN-α and TNF production were increased with exogenous IFN-α2b priming, whereas IL-8 synthesis by B cells was reduced for both stimuli. Cocultivation of pDCs and B cells increased the RNA-IC-stimulated IFN-α and TNF levels, while only IL-6 production was enhanced in the DSR-6434-stimulated cocultures. When comparing pDCs stimulated with RNA-IC and DSR-6434, twelve genes were differentially expressed (log2 fold change >2, adjusted P-value <.05). In conclusion, RNA-IC, which mimics an endogenous TLR7 stimulator, and the synthetic TLR7 agonist DSR-6434 trigger distinct inflammatory profiles in immune cells. This demonstrates the importance of using relevant stimuli when targeting the TLR7 pathway for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Berggren
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pascal Pucholt
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cane Amcoff
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Rönnblom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maija-Leena Eloranta
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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18
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Miller SM, Cybulski V, Whitacre M, Bess LS, Livesay MT, Walsh L, Burkhart D, Bazin HG, Evans JT. Novel Lipidated Imidazoquinoline TLR7/8 Adjuvants Elicit Influenza-Specific Th1 Immune Responses and Protect Against Heterologous H3N2 Influenza Challenge in Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:406. [PMID: 32210973 PMCID: PMC7075946 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Most licensed seasonal influenza vaccines are non-adjuvanted and rely primarily on vaccine-induced antibody titers for protection. As such, seasonal antigenic drift and suboptimal vaccine strain selection often results in reduced vaccine efficacy. Further, seasonal H3N2 influenza vaccines demonstrate poor efficacy compared to H1N1 and influenza type B vaccines. New vaccines, adjuvants, or delivery technologies that can induce broader or cross-seasonal protection against drifted influenza virus strains, likely through induction of protective T cell responses, are urgently needed. Here, we report novel lipidated TLR7/8 ligands that act as strong adjuvants to promote influenza-virus specific Th1-and Th17-polarized T cell responses and humoral responses in mice with no observable toxicity. Further, the adjuvanted influenza vaccine provided protection against a heterologous H3N2 influenza challenge in mice. These responses were further enhanced when combined with a synthetic TLR4 ligand adjuvant. Despite differences between human and mouse TLR7/8, these novel lipidated imidazoquinolines induced the production of cytokines required to polarize a Th1 and Th17 immune response in human PBMCs providing additional support for further development of these compounds as novel adjuvants for the induction of broad supra-seasonal protection from influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M. Miller
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Van Cybulski
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Margaret Whitacre
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Laura S. Bess
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Mark T. Livesay
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Lois Walsh
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - David Burkhart
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Hélène G. Bazin
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Jay T. Evans
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
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19
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Mauriello A, Manolio C, Cavalluzzo B, Avallone A, Borrelli M, Morabito A, Iovine E, Chambery A, Russo R, Tornesello ML, Buonaguro FM, Tagliamonte M, Buonaguro L. Immunological effects of adjuvants in subsets of antigen presenting cells of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. J Transl Med 2020; 18:34. [PMID: 31973714 PMCID: PMC6977281 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously shown that HCC patients and healthy subjects are equally responsive to a RNAdjuvant®, a novel TLR-7/8/RIG-I agonist based on noncoding RNA developed by CureVac, by an ex vivo evaluation. However, the immunological effect of adjuvants on immune cells from cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy remains to be demonstrated. Different adjuvants currently used in cancer vaccine clinical trials were evaluated in the present study on immune cells from cancer patients before and after chemotherapy in an ex vivo setting. Methods PBMCs were obtained from 4 healthy volunteers and 23 patients affected by either colon (OMA) or lung cancer (OT). The effect of CpG, Poly I:C, Imiquimod and RNA-based adjuvant (RNAdjuvant®) was assessed using a multiparametric approach to analyze network dynamics of early immune responses. Evaluation of CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR expression as well as the downstream effect on CD4+ T cell phenotyping was performed by flow cytometry; cytokine and chemokine production was evaluated by Bio-Plex ProTM. Results Treatment with RNAdjuvant® induced the strongest response in cancer patients in terms of activation of innate and adoptive immunity. Indeed, CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR expression was found upregulated in circulating dendritic cells, which promoted a CD4+ T cell differentiation towards an effector phenotype. RNAdjuvant® was the only one to induce most of the cytokines/chemokines tested with a pronounced Th1 cytokine pattern. According to the different parameters evaluated in the study, no clear cut difference in immune response to adjuvants was observed between healthy subjects and cancer patients. Moreover, in the latter group, the chemotherapy treatment did not consistently correlate to a significant altered response in the different parameters. Conclusions The present study is the first analysis of immunological effects induced by adjuvants in cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy, who are enrolled in the currently ongoing cancer vaccine clinical trials. The results show that the RNAdjuvant® is a potent and Th1 driving adjuvant, compared to those tested in the present study. Most importantly, it is demonstrated that chemotherapy does not significantly impair the immune system, implying that cancer patients are likely to respond to a cancer vaccine even after a chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Mauriello
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunoregulation, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, IRCCS "Fondazione Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Manolio
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunoregulation, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, IRCCS "Fondazione Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Beatrice Cavalluzzo
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunoregulation, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, IRCCS "Fondazione Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Avallone
- GI Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, IRCCS "Fondazione Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Borrelli
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunoregulation, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, IRCCS "Fondazione Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morabito
- Thoracic Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, IRCCS "Fondazione Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Iovine
- Thoracic Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, IRCCS "Fondazione Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Chambery
- Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Dept, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosita Russo
- Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Dept, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Lina Tornesello
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, IRCCS "Fondazione Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Franco M Buonaguro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, IRCCS "Fondazione Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Tagliamonte
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunoregulation, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, IRCCS "Fondazione Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Buonaguro
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunoregulation, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, IRCCS "Fondazione Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Short KK, Miller SM, Walsh L, Cybulski V, Bazin H, Evans JT, Burkhart D. Co-encapsulation of synthetic lipidated TLR4 and TLR7/8 agonists in the liposomal bilayer results in a rapid, synergistic enhancement of vaccine-mediated humoral immunity. J Control Release 2019; 315:186-196. [PMID: 31654684 PMCID: PMC6980726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To increase vaccine immunogenicity, modern vaccines incorporate adjuvants, which serve to enhance immune cross-protection, improve humoral and cell-mediated immunity, and promote antigen dose sparing. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family are promising targets for development of agonist formulations for use as vaccine adjuvants. Combinations of co-delivered TLR4 and TLR7/8 ligands have been demonstrated to have synergistic effects on innate and adaptive immune response. Here, we create liposomes that stably co-encapsulate CRX-601, a synthetic TLR4 agonist, and UM-3004, a lipidated TLR7/8 agonist, within the liposomal bilayer in order to achieve co-delivery, allow tunable physical properties, and induce in vitro and in vivo immune synergy. Co-encapsulation demonstrates a synergistic increase in IL-12p70 cytokine output in vitro from treated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs). Further, co-encapsulated formulations give significant improvement of early IgG2a antibody titers in BALB/c mice following primary vaccination when compared to single agonist or dual agonists delivered in separate liposomes. This work demonstrates that co-encapsulation of TLR4 and lipidated TLR7/8 agonists within the liposomal bilayer leads to innate and adaptive immune synergy which biases a Th1 immune response. Thus, liposomal co-encapsulation may be a useful and flexible tool for vaccine adjuvant formulation containing multiple TLR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher K Short
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Shannon M Miller
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Lois Walsh
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Van Cybulski
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Hélène Bazin
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Jay T Evans
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - David Burkhart
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
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21
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Adjuvant effect of TLR7 agonist adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide (AS37): A phase I randomized, dose escalation study of an AS37-adjuvanted meningococcal C conjugated vaccine. Clin Immunol 2019; 209:108275. [PMID: 31669193 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.108275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An adjuvant system (AS37) has been developed containing a synthetic toll-like receptor agonist (TLR7a). We conducted a phase I randomized, observer-blind, dose-escalation study to assess the safety and immunogenicity of an investigational AS37-adjuvanted meningococcus C (MenC) conjugate vaccine in healthy adults (NCT02639351). A control group received a licensed MenC conjugate alum-adjuvanted vaccine. Eighty participants were randomized to receive one dose of control or investigational vaccine containing AS37 (TLR7a dose 12.5, 25, 50, 100 μg). All vaccines were well tolerated, apart from in the TLR7a 100 μg dose group, which had three reports (18.8%) of severe systemic adverse events. Four weeks after vaccination, human complement serum bactericidal assay seroresponse rates against MenC were 56-81% in all groups, and ELISA seroresponses were ≥81% for all AS37-adjuvanted vaccine groups (100% in 50 and 100 μg dose groups) and 88% in the control group. Antibody responses were maintained at six months after vaccination.
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22
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Selective Toll-like receptor 7 agonists with novel chromeno[3,4-d]imidazol-4(1H)-one and 2-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline/ quinazoline-4-amine scaffolds. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:109-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Evans JT, Bess LS, Mwakwari SC, Livesay MT, Li Y, Cybulski V, Johnson DA, Bazin HG. Synthetic Toll-like Receptors 7 and 8 Agonists: Structure-Activity Relationship in the Oxoadenine Series. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:15665-15677. [PMID: 31572869 PMCID: PMC6761749 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 (TLR7/8) are broadly expressed on antigen-presenting cells, making TLR7/8 agonists likely candidates for the development of new vaccine adjuvants. We previously reported the synthesis of a new series of 8-oxoadenines substituted at the 9-position with a 4-piperidinylalkyl moiety and demonstrated that TLR7/8 selectivity and potency could be modulated by varying the length of the alkyl linker. In the present study, we broadened our initial structure-activity relationship study to further evaluate the effects of N-heterocycle ring size, chirality, and substitution on TLR7/8 potency, receptor selectivity, and cytokine (IFNα and TNFα) induction from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). TLR7/8 activity correlated primarily to linker length and to a lesser extent to ring size, while ring chirality had little effect on TLR7/8 potency or selectivity. Substitution of the heterocyclic ring with an aminoalkyl or hydroxyalkyl group for subsequent conjugation to phospholipids or antigens was well tolerated with the retention of both TLR7/8 activity and cytokine induction from human PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay T. Evans
- GSK
Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis
Road, Hamilton, Montana 59840, United States
- Division of Biological Sciences and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59802, United States
| | - Laura S. Bess
- GSK
Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis
Road, Hamilton, Montana 59840, United States
- Division of Biological Sciences and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59802, United States
| | - Sandra C. Mwakwari
- GSK
Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis
Road, Hamilton, Montana 59840, United States
| | - Mark T. Livesay
- GSK
Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis
Road, Hamilton, Montana 59840, United States
- Division of Biological Sciences and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59802, United States
| | - Yufeng Li
- GSK
Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis
Road, Hamilton, Montana 59840, United States
| | - Van Cybulski
- GSK
Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis
Road, Hamilton, Montana 59840, United States
- Division of Biological Sciences and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59802, United States
| | - David A. Johnson
- GSK
Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis
Road, Hamilton, Montana 59840, United States
| | - Hélène G. Bazin
- GSK
Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis
Road, Hamilton, Montana 59840, United States
- Division of Biological Sciences and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59802, United States
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Neek M, Kim TI, Wang SW. Protein-based nanoparticles in cancer vaccine development. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2019; 15:164-174. [PMID: 30291897 PMCID: PMC6289732 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Peptide and protein-based cancer vaccines usually fail to elicit efficient immune responses against tumors. However, delivery of these peptides and proteins as components within caged protein nanoparticles has shown promising improvements in vaccine efficacy. Advantages of protein nanoparticles over other vaccine platforms include their highly organized structures and symmetry, biodegradability, ability to be specifically functionalized at three different interfaces (inside and outside the protein cage, and between subunits in macromolecular assembly), and ideal size for vaccine delivery. In this review, we discuss different classes of virus-like particles and caged protein nanoparticles that have been used as vehicles to transport and increase the interaction of cancer vaccine components with the immune system. We review the effectiveness of these protein nanoparticles towards inducing and elevating specific immune responses, which are needed to overcome the low immunogenicity of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medea Neek
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tae Il Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Szu-Wen Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Lybaert L, Vermaelen K, De Geest BG, Nuhn L. Immunoengineering through cancer vaccines – A personalized and multi-step vaccine approach towards precise cancer immunity. J Control Release 2018; 289:125-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Lee J, Arun Kumar S, Jhan YY, Bishop CJ. Engineering DNA vaccines against infectious diseases. Acta Biomater 2018; 80:31-47. [PMID: 30172933 PMCID: PMC7105045 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Engineering vaccine-based therapeutics for infectious diseases is highly challenging, as trial formulations are often found to be nonspecific, ineffective, thermally or hydrolytically unstable, and/or toxic. Vaccines have greatly improved the therapeutic landscape for treating infectious diseases and have significantly reduced the threat by therapeutic and preventative approaches. Furthermore, the advent of recombinant technologies has greatly facilitated growth within the vaccine realm by mitigating risks such as virulence reversion despite making the production processes more cumbersome. In addition, seroconversion can also be enhanced by recombinant technology through kinetic and nonkinetic approaches, which are discussed herein. Recombinant technologies have greatly improved both amino acid-based vaccines and DNA-based vaccines. A plateau of interest has been reached between 2001 and 2010 for the scientific community with regard to DNA vaccine endeavors. The decrease in interest may likely be attributed to difficulties in improving immunogenic properties associated with DNA vaccines, although there has been research demonstrating improvement and optimization to this end. Despite improvement, to the extent of our knowledge, there are currently no regulatory body-approved DNA vaccines for human use (four vaccines approved for animal use). This article discusses engineering DNA vaccines against infectious diseases while discussing advantages and disadvantages of each, with an emphasis on applications of these DNA vaccines. Statement of Significance This review paper summarizes the state of the engineered/recombinant DNA vaccine field, with a scope entailing “Engineering DNA vaccines against infectious diseases”. We endeavor to emphasize recent advances, recapitulating the current state of the field. In addition to discussing DNA therapeutics that have already been clinically translated, this review also examines current research developments, and the challenges thwarting further progression. Our review covers: recombinant DNA-based subunit vaccines; internalization and processing; enhancing immune protection via adjuvants; manufacturing and engineering DNA; the safety, stability and delivery of DNA vaccines or plasmids; controlling gene expression using plasmid engineering and gene circuits; overcoming immunogenic issues; and commercial successes. We hope that this review will inspire further research in DNA vaccine development.
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27
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Wilkinson A, Lattmann E, Roces CB, Pedersen GK, Christensen D, Perrie Y. Lipid conjugation of TLR7 agonist Resiquimod ensures co-delivery with the liposomal Cationic Adjuvant Formulation 01 (CAF01) but does not enhance immunopotentiation compared to non-conjugated Resiquimod+CAF01. J Control Release 2018; 291:1-10. [PMID: 30291987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors, including the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), are important in the induction and activation of two critical arms of the host defence to pathogens and microorganisms: the rapid innate immune response (as characterised by the production of Th1 promoting cytokines and type 1 interferons) and the adaptive immune response. Through this activation, ligands and agonists of TLRs can enhance immunotherapeutic efficacy. Resiquimod is a small (water-soluble) agonist of the endosome-located Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 (TLR7/8). However due to its molecular attributes it rapidly distributes throughout the body after injection. To circumvent this, these TLR agonists can be incorporated within delivery systems, such as liposomes, to promote the co-delivery of both antigen and agonists to antigen presenting cells. In this present study, resiquimod has been chemically conjugated to a lipid to form a lipid-TLR7/8 agonist conjugate which can be incorporated within immunogenic cationic liposomes composed of dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) and the immunostimulatory glycolipid trehalose 6,6' - dibehenate (TDB). This DDA:TDB-TLR7/8 formulation offers similar vesicle characteristics to DDA:TDB (size and charge) and offers high retention of both resiquimod and the electrostatically adsorbed TB subunit antigen Ag85B-ESAT6-Rv2660c (H56). Following immunisation through the intramuscular (i.m.) route, these cationic DDA:TDB-TLR7/8 liposomes form a vaccine depot at the injection site. However, immunisation studies have shown that this biodistribution does not translate into notably increased antibody nor Th1 responses at the spleen and draining popliteal lymph node compared to DDA:TDB liposomes. This work demonstrates that the conjugation of TLR7/8 agonists to cationic liposomes can promote co-delivery but the immune responses stimulated do not merit the added complexity considerations of the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Lattmann
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carla B Roces
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Gabriel K Pedersen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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28
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Zhu HF, Li Y. Small-Molecule Targets in Tumor Immunotherapy. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2018; 8:297-301. [PMID: 29974338 PMCID: PMC6102179 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-018-0177-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has been widely recognized as a powerful approach to fight cancers. To date, over 50 phase III trials in cancer immunotherapy are in progress. Among the many immunotherapy approaches, immune checkpoint therapy has attracted considerable attention. The reported clinical success of targeting the T cell immune checkpoint receptors PD-1 or CTLA4 by antibodies blockade in advanced stages of cancers has demonstrated the importance of immune modulation. But antibodies-based immunotherapy confronted with some disadvantages, such as immunogenicity, stability, membrane permeability, and production cost. Therefore, alternative approaches including small-molecule-regulated immune response are being introduced. In this review, we focused on some of the key intracellular pathways where small-molecule therapeutic is potential and attractive, which highlights the great potential of natural products in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132# Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Song H, Zhang M, Gao W, Wu L, Li G. Molecular cloning and functional analysis of peafowl (Pavo cristatus) Toll-like receptor 7. Poult Sci 2018; 97:294-302. [PMID: 29053867 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to clone the peafowl (Pavo cristatus) Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) gene and study its biological function, the peafowl TLR7 coding sequences (CDS) were amplified by PCR of cDNA from the whole spleen of peafowl. The full-length sequence of the peafowl TLR7 gene CDS is 3,141 bp and encodes a 1,046-amino acid protein with a classic TLR composition of 16 leucine-rich repeats (LRR). Insertions of amino acids were found at position 15 of LRR2, LRR5, LRR7, LRR9, LRR11, LRR12, LRR14, and LRR15; and position 10 of LRR11. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that the peafowl TLR7 gene was highly expressed in lymphoid tissues of the spleen, bursa, bone marrow, lung, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). HEK293T cells were transfected with a peafowl TLR7 plasmid, and functional analysis showed that peafowl TLR7 could respond to R848, leading to activation of NF-κB. Following R848 stimulation or Newcastle disease virus infection of peafowl PBMC, the levels of IL-1β, IFN-γ, CCLi2, and TGF-β4 mRNA, assessed by quantitative real-time PCR, increased significantly. Triggering peafowl TLR7 results in upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, suggesting that peafowl TLR7 plays an important role in the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - M Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - W Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - L Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - G Li
- College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
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30
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Temizoz B, Kuroda E, Ishii KJ. Combination and inducible adjuvants targeting nucleic acid sensors. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 41:104-113. [PMID: 29870915 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Innate immune sensing of nucleic acids derived from invading pathogens or tumor cells via pattern recognition receptors is crucial for mounting protective immune responses against infectious disease and cancer. Recently, discovery of tremendous amounts of nucleic acid sensors as well as identification of natural and synthetic ligands for these receptors revealed the potential of adjuvants targeting nucleic acid sensing pathways for designing efficacious vaccines. Especially, current data indicated that unique adjuvants targeting TLR9 and stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-dependent cytosolic nucleic acid sensing pathways along with the combinations of already existing adjuvants are promising candidates for this purpose. Here, we review current vaccine adjuvants targeting nucleic acid sensors and their modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Temizoz
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research (CVAR), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Etsushi Kuroda
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research (CVAR), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research (CVAR), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NBIOHN), Osaka, Japan.
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31
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Du J, Chen X, Wang C, Sun H. Pathway analysis of global gene expression change in dendritic cells induced by the polysaccharide from the roots of Actinidia eriantha. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 214:141-152. [PMID: 29247698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The roots of Actinidia eriantha Benth have been used clinically to treat a variety of cancers in traditional Chinese medicine. The polysaccharide from this drug (AEPS) was previously reported to be a potential antitumor agent with immunomodulatory activity. However, the mechanisms of its antitumor action in immunomodulation have not yet been well-defined. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effects of AEPS on the phenotypic and functional maturation of dendritic cells and to explore the intracellular signaling mechanisms of its antitumor action in the immunomodulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of AEPS on the phagocytic activity, expression of surface molecules, mRNA and protein expression levels of cytokines and chemokines in mouse bone-marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were determined by flow cytometry, qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. The transcriptional profile induced by AEPS was established using oligonucleotide microarray, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was used to identify potential signaling pathways. Western blotting, neutralization experiments and inhibition assay were performed to confirm signaling pathway involved in maturation of DCs induced by AEPS. Furthermore, we discussed the downstream effects of the action of AEPS using clustering, network and pathway mapping approaches. RESULTS AEPS could significantly reduced phagocytic activity, promoted expression of accessory and co-stimulatory molecules, and up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of cytokines and chemokines in BMDCs. Microarray assay revealed that AEPS induced significantly differential expression of 452 genes including up-regulated cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-12p40, IFN-β and IFN-γ), chemokines (MIP-1α, MIP-1β, CCL5, MDC and MCP-1), transcription factors (STAT1, STAT2, STAT5b, IRF1 and IRF7) and pattern recognition receptors (TLR3, DDX58, DHX58 and IFIH1) in the BMDCs. AEPS-induced production of TNF-α and IL-12p40 from BMDCs was inhibited by antibodies against TLR2 and TLR4. Furthermore, AEPS induced the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in a time-dependent manner, and BAY 11-7082, an inhibitor of NF-κB, remarkably suppressed the production of cytokines induced by AEPS. CONCLUSION AEPS triggers the phenotypic and functional maturation of DCs via TLR2/4 and NF-κB signaling pathway, resulting in augmented antitumor immune responses. Our results suggested that AEPS might be helpful in potentiating the efficiency of DC-based cancer immunotherapy. This study further expanded current knowledge on the mechanisms of antitumor action of AEPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Du
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chenying Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hongxiang Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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Iron(III) and aluminium(III) based mixed nanostructured hydroxyphosphates as potential vaccine adjuvants: Preparation and physicochemical characterization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Choi YJ, Chang SJ, Gibala KS, Resendiz MJE. 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroadenine and 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroadenosine-Chemistry, Structure, and Function in RNA and Their Presence in Natural Products and Potential Drug Derivatives. Chemistry 2017; 23:6706-6716. [PMID: 27960050 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A description and history of the role that 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroadenine (8-oxoAde) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroadenosine (8-oxoA) have in various fields has been compiled. This Review focusses on 1) the formation of this oxidatively generated modification in RNA, its interactions with other biopolymers, and its potential role in the development/progression of disease; 2) the independent synthesis and incorporation of this modified nucleoside into oligonucleotides of RNA to display the progress that has been made in establishing its behavior in biologically relevant systems; 3) reported synthetic routes, which date back to 1890, along with the progress that has been made in the total synthesis of the nucleobase, nucleoside, and their corresponding derivatives; and 4) the isolation, total synthesis, and biological activity of natural products containing these moieties as the backbone. The current state of research regarding this oxidatively generated lesion as well as its importance in the context of RNA, natural products, and potential as drug derivatives is illustrated using all available examples reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Science Building, 1151 Arapahoe St., Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Stephanie J Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Science Building, 1151 Arapahoe St., Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Krzysztof S Gibala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Science Building, 1151 Arapahoe St., Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Marino J E Resendiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Science Building, 1151 Arapahoe St., Denver, CO, 80204, USA
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