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Vermeire B, Walsh M, Cox E, Devriendt B. The lipopolysaccharide structure affects the detoxifying ability of intestinal alkaline phosphatases. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:358. [PMID: 39127648 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04208-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is one of the most potent mediators of inflammation. In swine husbandry, weaning is associated with LPS-induced intestinal inflammation, resulting in decreased growth rates due to malabsorption of nutrients by the inflamed gut. A potential strategy to treat LPS-mediated disease is administering intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP). The latter can detoxify lipid A, the toxic component of LPS, by removal of phosphate groups. Currently, 183 LPS O-serotypes from E. coli have been described, however, comparative experiments to elucidate functional differences between LPS serotypes are scarce. In addition, these functional differences might affect the efficacy of LPS detoxifying enzymes. Here, we evaluated the ability of four LPS serotypes (O26:B6, O55:B5, O111:B4 and O127:B8) derived from Escherichia coli to trigger the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by porcine PBMCs. We also tested the ability of three commercially available IAPs to detoxify these LPS serotypes. The results show that LPS serotypes differ in their ability to trigger cytokine secretion by immune cells, especially at lower concentrations. Moreover, IAPs displayed a different detoxification efficiency of the tested serotypes. Together, this study sheds light on the impact of LPS structure on the detoxification by IAPs. Further research is however needed to elucidate the LPS serotype-specific effects and their implications for the development of novel treatment options to alleviate LPS-induced gut inflammation in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjarne Vermeire
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
| | | | - Eric Cox
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
| | - Bert Devriendt
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium.
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Wang X, Zhang T, Li W, Zhang M, Zhao L, Wang N, Zhang X, Zhang B. Dietary supplementation with Macleaya cordata extract alleviates intestinal injury in broiler chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide by regulating gut microbiota and plasma metabolites. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1414869. [PMID: 39100674 PMCID: PMC11294198 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1414869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The prevention and mitigation of intestinal immune challenge is crucial for poultry production. This study investigated the effects of dietary Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) supplementation on the prevention of intestinal injury in broiler chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods A total of 256 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups using a 2×2 factorial design with 2 MCE supplemental levels (0 and 400 mg/kg) and 2 LPS challenge levels (0 and 1 mg/kg body weight). The experiment lasted for 21 d. Results and discussion The results showed that MCE supplementation increased the average daily feed intake during days 0-14. MCE supplementation and LPS challenge have an interaction on the average daily gain during days 15-21. MCE supplementation significantly alleviated the decreased average daily gain of broiler chickens induced by LPS. MCE supplementation increased the total antioxidant capacity and the activity of catalase and reduced the level of malondialdehyde in jejunal mucosa. MCE addition elevated the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of the ileum. MCE supplementation decreased the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in the jejunum. MCE addition mitigated LPS-induced mRNA up-expression of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-17 in the jejunum. MCE supplementation increased the abundance of probiotic bacteria (such as Lactobacillus and Blautia) and reduced the abundance of pathogenic bacteria (such as Actinobacteriota, Peptostretococcaceae, and Rhodococcus), leading to alterations in gut microbiota composition. MCE addition altered several metabolic pathways such as Amino acid metabolism, Nucleotide metabolism, Energy metabolism, Carbohydrate metabolism, and Lipid metabolism in broilers. In these pathways, MCE supplementation increased the levels of L-aspartic acid, L-Glutamate, L-serine, etc., and reduced the levels of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, thromboxane B2, 13-(S)-HODPE, etc. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 400 mg/kg MCE effectively improved the growth performance and intestinal function in LPS-challenged broiler chickens, probably due to the modulation of gut microbiota and plasma metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Beibei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Pérez-Pérez L, Carvajal A, Puente H, Peres Rubio C, Cerón JJ, Rubio P, Argüello H. New insights into swine dysentery: faecal shedding, macro and microscopic lesions and biomarkers in early and acute stages of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae infection. Porcine Health Manag 2024; 10:24. [PMID: 38951921 PMCID: PMC11218200 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-024-00375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swine dysentery (SD) is a severe mucohaemorrhagic colitis in pigs caused classically by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. Although several aspects of B. hyodysenteriae infection dynamic are already described, further research in the early stage of this infection is required. In this study, 7-week-old pigs were orally challenged with B. hyodysenteriae to obtain information about faecal shedding, macro and microscopic intestinal lesions and serum acute phase proteins in pigs at the onset of B. hyodysenteriae shedding (early infection group, n = 8), in pigs with mucohaemorrhagic diarrhoea (acute infection group, n = 8) and in non-infected controls (n = 16). RESULTS First B. hyodysenteriae detection by q-PCR and first loose stools with blood and mucus occurred both at 8 days post-inoculation. The lapse between a positive q-PCR and observation of mucohaemorrhagic diarrhoea ranged from 0 to 3 days, except in a single pig in which this period lasted 5 days. Macroscopic lesions were observed in the large intestine from both infected groups although more frequent and severe in acute infection group. Microscopic observation of the apex mucosa revealed that in early infection only higher ulceration values were observed compared to healthy controls. In contrast, the acute infection group exhibited higher ulceration, neutrophils infiltration and increased mucosal thickness compared to the other two groups. Among the serum biomarkers tested, only haptoglobin, C-reactive protein, and creatine kinase showed a significant increase in pigs in the acute infection period compared to controls, whereas haptoglobin was the only factor with a significant increase at the early infection compared to non-infected animals. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insights about SD and remarks the complex and limited options to perform an early detection of infected animals beyond PCR diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Pérez-Pérez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Ana Carvajal
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain.
- INDEGSAL, Universidad de León, León, Spain.
| | - Héctor Puente
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Camila Peres Rubio
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Rubio
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
- INDEGSAL, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Héctor Argüello
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
- INDEGSAL, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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4
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Yang T, Zhao G, Zhu W, Yu W, Jiang Y, Zhou Y, Li Y. Effect on the splenocyte function of weaned piglets induced by continuous lipopolysaccharide injections. J Vet Res 2024; 68:295-302. [PMID: 38947147 PMCID: PMC11210365 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2024-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction When piglets are exposed to pathogens for a long period, the immune system organs, among them the spleen, play a major role in combating the stress caused by those pathogens. In the present study, the effect on splenocyte function was investigated in a model of weaned piglets in which stress was induced by multiple low doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Material and Methods Forty-eight 28-day-old piglets were divided into two groups: the LPS group and the control group. During the experimental period of thirteen days, the LPS group was intraperitoneally injected with LPS (100 μg/kg) once per day, and the control group was injected with the same volume of 0.9% sterile saline. On the 1st, 5th, 9th and 13th days, the piglets' spleens were collected for isolating splenocytes. The proliferation ability of splenocytes was evaluated by the cell-counting-kit 8 method. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle stage and apoptosis, and the nitric oxide level of cell supernatant was also tested. Results In the experimental group, the proliferation ability of splenocytes was enhanced, the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase was smaller, and cells were promoted to the S and G2/M phases. Meanwhile, apoptosis was suppressed and nitric oxide release upregulated. The results were significantly different between the LPS group and the control group on the 5th and 9th days. Conclusion The difference between the results of one group and those of the other suggest that after the 5th LPS injection, multiple low doses of LPS activated splenocytes and restored the number of splenocytes, which maintained and possibly enhanced the regulation of the immune function of the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guotong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenlu Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wanting Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yijie Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yunxiao Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang330045, Jiangxi, China
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Seemann L, Frahm J, Kersten S, Bühler S, Meyer U, Visscher C, Huber K, Dänicke S. Dietary L-carnitine supplementation modifies blood parameters of mid-lactating dairy cows during standardized lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1390137. [PMID: 38807585 PMCID: PMC11130594 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1390137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
L-carnitine, available as feed additive, is essential for the beta-oxidation of free fatty acids in the mitochondrial matrix. It provides energy to immune cells and may positively impact the functionality of leukocytes during the acute phase response, a situation of high energy demand. To test this hypothesis, German Holstein cows were assigned to a control group (CON, n = 26) and an L-carnitine supplemented group (CAR, n = 27, rumen-protected L-carnitine product: 125 g/cow/d, corresponded to total L-carnitine intake: 25 g/cow/d, supplied with concentrate) and received an intravenous bolus injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 0.5 µg/kg body weight, E. coli) on day 111 postpartum as a model of standardized systemic inflammation. Blood samples were collected from day 1 ante injectionem until day 14 post injectionem (pi), with frequent sampling through an indwelling venous catheter from 0.5 h pi to 12 h pi. All parameters of the white blood cell count responded significantly to LPS, while only a few parameters were affected by L-carnitine supplementation. The mean eosinophil count, as well as the percentage of basophils were significantly higher in CAR than in CON over time, which may be due to an increased membrane stability. However, phagocytosis and production of reactive oxygen species by leukocytes remained unchanged following L-carnitine supplementation. In conclusion, although supplementation with 25 g L-carnitine per cow and day resulted in increased proportions of specific leukocyte populations, it had only minor effects on the functional parameters studied in mid-lactating dairy cows during LPS-induced inflammation, and there was no evidence of direct improvement of immune functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Seemann
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jana Frahm
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Susanne Kersten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Susanne Bühler
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Meyer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Korinna Huber
- Department of Functional Anatomy of Livestock, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sven Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
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Xie WJ, Liu M, Zhang X, Zhang YG, Jian ZH, Xiong XX. Astaxanthin suppresses LPS-induced myocardial apoptosis by regulating PTP1B/JNK pathway in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111395. [PMID: 38141411 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Myocardial injury induced by sepsis can increase the patient's mortality, which is an important complication of sepsis. Myocardial apoptosis plays a key role in septic myocardial injury. Here we explored the potential mechanism of astaxanthin (ATX) inhibiting myocardial apoptosis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. METHODS The H9C2 cell experiment was conducted in three parts. In the first part, we set up three groups: control group, LPS group (10 µg/ml), a model of septic myocardial injury, and LPS + ATX (5, 10, 30 µM); In the second part, we set up four groups: control group, LPS group, LPS + PTP1B-IN-1, a protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor, and LPS + PTP1B-IN-1 + ATX; In the third part, we set up four groups: control group, LPS group, LPS + Anisomycin, a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activator, and LPS + Anisomycin + ATX. We assessed H9C2 cell viability using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. We observed cell apoptosis using flow cytometry analysis. We tested the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) using JC-1 staining. To identify the molecular targets of ATX, Astaxanthin targets were predicted through the SwissTargetPrediction database. We verified the binding affinity of ATX and its targets using microscale thermophoresis (MST). We investigated the p-JNK expression using immunofluorescence staining. Finally, Western blot was used to evaluate PTP1B, JNK, p-JNK and the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated protein expression. RESULTS LPS inhibited H9C2 cell viability in a time-dependent manner and ATX treatment enhances H9C2 cell viability in a concentration dependent manner after LPS administration. ATX inhibited the LPS-induced apoptosis and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in H9C2 cells. As predicted by the SwissTargetPrediction database, PTP1B was a potential target of ATX, and the interaction between ATX and PTP1B was further verified by MST. ATX attenuated the LPS-induced protein expression of PTP1B and p-JNK, regardless of PTP1B inhibition. Both immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting showed that ATX suppressed the LPS-induced p-JNK expression in H9C2 cells, regardless of Anisomycin administration. In addition, by adding Anisomycin to overexpress JNK, ATX inhibited the LPS-induced apoptosis, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and upregulation of mitochondrial apoptosis-associated proteins in H9C2 cells via JNK signaling. CONCLUSION ATX inhibited LPS-induced mitochondrial apoptosis of H9C2 cells by PTP1B/JNK pathway and PTP1B was the target of ATX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Yong-Gang Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Jian
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China.
| | - Xiao-Xing Xiong
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China.
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Bromm JJ, Tokach MD, Woodworth JC, Goodband RD, DeRouchey JM, Hastad CW, Post ZB, Flohr JR, Schmitt RA, Zarate Ledesma JF, Gebhardt JT. Effects of increasing omega-3 fatty acids on growth performance, immune response, and mortality in nursery pigs. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae002. [PMID: 38375403 PMCID: PMC10876070 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Three experiments evaluated omega-3 fatty acids, provided by O3 trial feed, on nursery pig growth performance, mortality, and response to an LPS immune challenge or natural Porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) outbreak. In experiment 1, 350 pigs (241 × 600, DNA; initially 5.8 kg) were used. Pens of pigs were randomly assigned to one of the five dietary treatments containing increasing omega-3 fatty acids (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% O3 trial feed) with 14 replications per treatment. On day 25, two pigs per pen were injected intramuscularly with 20 μg Escherichia coli LPS per kg BW and one pig per pen was injected with saline as a control. Body temperature was taken from all three pigs prior to and 2, 4, 6, and 12 h post-LPS challenge. Serum IL-1β and TNF-α concentrations were determined in LPS-challenged pigs 24 h prior and 4 h post-LPS challenge. There was no interaction between treatment and time for change in body temperature (P > 0.10). Overall, increasing the O3 trial feed did not affect (P > 0.10) ADG, ADFI, G:F, IL-1β, or TNF-α. In experiment 2, 1,056 pigs (PIC TR4 × [Fast LW × PIC L02] initially 7.3 kg) were used. Pens of pigs were randomly assigned to one of the four dietary treatments containing increasing omega-3 fatty acids (0%, 0.75%, 1.5%, and 3% O3 trial feed) with 12 replications per treatment. Oral fluids tested negative on days 7 and 14, but then positive for North American PRRSV virus via PCR on days 21, 28, 35, and 42. Overall, increasing O3 trial feed increased (linear, P < 0.001) ADG, ADFI, and G:F and decreased (linear, P = 0.027) total removals and mortality. In experiment 3, 91,140 pigs (DNA 600 × PIC 1050; initially 5.1 kg), originating from PRRSV-positive sow farms, were used across eight nursery sites. Each site contained five barns with two rooms per barn and ~1,100 pigs per room. Rooms of pigs were blocked by nursery site and allocated within sow source to one of the two dietary treatments (control or 3% O3 trial feed) with 40 replications per treatment. Oral fluids from 61 of the 80 rooms tested positive for North American PRRSV virus 1 wk postweaning and 78 of the 80 rooms tested positive 3 wk after weaning. Overall, O3 trial feed did not affect ADG, ADFI, or G:F but increased (P < 0.001) total removals and mortalities. In summary, increasing omega-3 fatty acids, sourced by O3 trial feed, did not improve growth performance or immune response in healthy pigs given an LPS challenge. However, it appears that if omega-3 fatty acids are fed prior to a natural PRRSV break (as in experiment 2), growth performance may be improved, and mortality reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna J Bromm
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Mike D Tokach
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Jason C Woodworth
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Robert D Goodband
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Joel M DeRouchey
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jordan T Gebhardt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Bryan EE, Bode NM, Chen X, Burris ES, Johnson DC, Dilger RN, Dilger AC. The effect of chronic, non-pathogenic maternal immune activation on offspring postnatal muscle and immune outcomes. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skad424. [PMID: 38189595 PMCID: PMC10794819 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective was to determine the effects of maternal inflammation on offspring muscle development and postnatal innate immune response. Sixteen first-parity gilts were randomly allotted to repeated intravenous injections with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; n = 8, treatment code INFLAM) or comparable volume of phosphate buffered saline (CON, n = 8). Injections took place every other day from gestational day (GD) 70 to GD 84 with an initial dose of 10 μg LPS/kg body weight (BW) increasing by 12% each time to prevent endotoxin tolerance. On GD 70, 76, and 84, blood was collected at 0 and 4 h postinjection via jugular or ear venipuncture to determine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β concentrations. After farrowing, litter mortality was recorded, and the pig closest to litter BW average was used for dissection and muscle fiber characterization. On weaning (postnatal day [PND] 21), pigs were weighed individually and 2 barrows closest to litter BW average were selected for another study. The third barrow closest to litter BW average was selected for the postnatal LPS challenge. On PND 52, pigs were given 5 μg LPS/kg BW via intraperitoneal injection, and blood was collected at 0, 4, and 8 h postinjection to determine TNF-α concentration. INFLAM gilt TNF-α concentration increased (P < 0.01) 4 h postinjection compared to 0 h postinjection, while CON gilt TNF-α concentration did not differ between time points. INFLAM gilt IL-6 and IL-1β concentrations increased (P = 0.03) 4 h postinjection compared to 0 h postinjection on GD 70, but did not differ between time points on GD 76 and 84. There were no differences between INFLAM and CON gilts litter mortality outcomes (P ≥ 0.13), but INFLAM pigs were smaller (P = 0.04) at birth and tended (P = 0.09) to be smaller at weaning. Muscle and organ weights did not differ (P ≥ 0.17) between treatments, with the exception of semitendinosus, which was smaller (P < 0.01) in INFLAM pigs. INFLAM pigs tended (P = 0.06) to have larger type I fibers. INFLAM pig TNF-α concentration did not differ across time, while CON pig TNF-α concentration peaked (P = 0.01) 4 h postinjection. TNF-α concentration did not differ between treatments at 0 and 8 h postinjection, but CON pigs had increased (P = 0.01) TNF-α compared to INFLAM pigs 4 h postinjection. Overall, maternal immune activation did not alter pig muscle development, but resulted in suppressed innate immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Bryan
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Nick M Bode
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Xuenan Chen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Elli S Burris
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Danielle C Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Ryan N Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Anna C Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
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Oh YJ, Jin SE, Shin HK, Ha H. Daeshiho-tang attenuates inflammatory response and oxidative stress in LPS-stimulated macrophages by regulating TLR4/MyD88, NF-κB, MAPK, and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18891. [PMID: 37919391 PMCID: PMC10622541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Daeshiho-tang (DSHT), a traditional herbal formula with diverse pharmacological effects, has shown promise in medicine owing to its anti-hypertensive, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying these effects remains unclear. Thus, we investigated the effect of DSHT on inflammatory response and oxidative stress to understand its molecular mechanism using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage (RAW 264.7) cells. DSHT decreased the contents of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) through downregulating inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expressions. DSHT suppressed the LPS-induced TLR4 as well as MyD88, subsequently suppressing the NF-κB activation and the phosphorylation of MAPK (p38, ERK, and JNK). Radical scavenging activity results revealed a dose-dependent response of DSHT with diminished ABTS activity, a hallmark of oxidative stress potential. Furthermore, DSHT enhanced Nrf2 and HO-1 expression in response to LPS. Collectively, our findings indicated that DSHT exert anti-inflammatory effect and regulating oxidative stress by modulating TLR4/MyD88, NF-κB, MAPK, and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways, consequently can provide potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of inflammation and oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jin Oh
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34054, Korea
| | - Seong Eun Jin
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34054, Korea
| | - Hyeun-Kyoo Shin
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34054, Korea
| | - Hyekyung Ha
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34054, Korea.
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McConn BR, Kpodo KR, Rivier JE, Behan DP, Richert BT, Radcliffe JS, Lay DC, Johnson JS. Interactions between corticotropin releasing factor signaling and prophylactic antibiotics on measures of intestinal function in weaned and transported pigs. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1266409. [PMID: 37908333 PMCID: PMC10615255 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1266409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The study objective was to evaluate the interaction between corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) receptor signaling and prophylactic antibiotic administration on intestinal physiology in newly weaned and transported pigs. Pigs (n = 56; 5.70 ± 1.05 kg) were weaned (20.49 ± 0.64 d), a blood sample was taken, and then pigs were given an intraperitoneal injection of saline (SAL; n = 28 pigs) or a CRF receptor antagonist (CRFA; n = 28 pigs; 30 μg/kg body weight; Astressin B), and then were transported in a livestock trailer for 12 h and 49 min. A second and third intraperitoneal injection was given at 4 h 42 min and 11 h 36 min into the transport process, respectively. Following transport, 4 SAL and 4 CRFA pigs were blood sampled and euthanized. The remaining 48 pigs were individually housed and given dietary antibiotics [AB; n = 12 SAL and 12 CRFA pigs; chlortetracycline (441 ppm) + tiamulin (38.6 ppm)] or no dietary antibiotics (NAB; n = 12 SAL and 12 CRFA pigs) for 14 d post-transport. Blood was collected at 12 h and on d 3, 7, and 14, and then pigs were euthanized on d 7 (n = 24) and d 14 (n = 24) post-weaning and transport. Circulating cortisol was reduced (p = 0.05) in CRFA pigs when compared to SAL pigs post-weaning and transport. On d 7, jejunal villus height and crypt depth was greater overall (p < 0.05) in AB-fed pigs versus NAB-fed pigs. On d 14, ileal crypt depth was reduced (p = 0.02) in CRFA pigs when compared to SAL pigs. Jejunal CRF mRNA abundance tended to be reduced (p = 0.09) on d 7 in CRFA pigs versus SAL pigs. On d 14, jejunal tumor necrosis factor-alpha was reduced (p = 0.01) in AB-fed pigs versus NAB-fed pigs. On d 7, change in glucose short-circuit current tended to be increased (p = 0.07) in CRFA pigs fed the AB diet when compared to CRFA pigs fed the NAB diet. In conclusion, CRFA pigs and pigs fed AB had some similar biological intestinal function measures post-weaning and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty R. McConn
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | | | - Jean E. Rivier
- Sentia Medical Sciences Inc, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Donald C. Lay
- Livestock Behavior Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service (USDA), West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jay S. Johnson
- Livestock Behavior Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service (USDA), West Lafayette, IN, United States
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11
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Bahnasawy SM, Skorup P, Hanslin K, Lipcsey M, Friberg LE, Nielsen EI. Predicting cytokine kinetics during sepsis; a modelling framework from a porcine sepsis model with live Escherichia coli. Cytokine 2023; 169:156296. [PMID: 37467709 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Describing the kinetics of cytokines involved as biomarkers of sepsis progression could help to optimise interventions in septic patients. This work aimed to quantitively characterise the cytokine kinetics upon exposure to live E. coli by developing an in silico model, and to explore predicted cytokine kinetics at different bacterial exposure scenarios. METHODS Data from published in vivo studies using a porcine sepsis model were analysed. A model describing the time courses of bacterial dynamics, endotoxin (ETX) release, and the kinetics of TNF and IL-6 was developed. The model structure was extended from a published model that quantifies the ETX-cytokines relationship. An external model evaluation was conducted by applying the model to literature data. Model simulations were performed to explore the sensitivity of the host response towards differences in the input rate of bacteria, while keeping the total bacterial burden constant. RESULTS The analysis included 645 observations from 30 animals. The blood bacterial count was well described by a one-compartment model with linear elimination. A scaling factor was estimated to quantify the ETX release by bacteria. The model successfully described the profiles of TNF, and IL-6 without a need to modify the ETX-cytokines model structure. The kinetics of TNF, and IL-6 in the external datasets were well predicted. According to the simulations, the ETX tolerance development results in that low initial input rates of bacteria trigger the lowest cytokine release. CONCLUSION The model quantitively described and predicted the cytokine kinetics triggered by E. coli exposure. The host response was found to be sensitive to the bacterial exposure rate given the same total bacterial burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Skorup
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katja Hanslin
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Miklós Lipcsey
- Hedenstierna laboratory, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena E Friberg
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Alan E, Daldaban F, Alan A, Aksel EG, Orhan İ, Ulaş Çinar M, Akyüz B, Arslan K. TLR4, MyD88, and TNF-α Expression in the Lungs of Akkaraman and Romanov Lambs in Response to LPS and LTA. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1488-1502. [PMID: 37488827 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors are involved in the recognition of bacterial toxins, which cause infection in the respiratory system. This study aimed to evaluate microanatomical and histological alterations in the lungs of 24 healthy Akkaraman and Romanov lambs after the administration of lipoteichoic acid (LTA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and LTA + LPS and investigate the gene, protein, and immune expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, and TNF-α molecules, known to have immune functions. Microanatomical examinations showed thickened peribronchial and alveolar walls in the lungs of groups LTA, LPS, and LTA + LPS of both breeds due to immune cell infiltration. TLR4, MyD88, and TNF-α immunoexpressions were positive to varying degrees in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the bronchial and bronchiolar luminal epithelial cells, alveolar epithelial cells, and alveolar macrophages. TLR4 and TNF-α protein expressions were statistically different in the LPS-treated Romanov lambs, compared to the other groups. Among the Akkaraman lambs, TLR4 gene expression was significantly higher in group LPS, and among the Romanov lambs, TLR4, MyD88, and TNF-α gene expressions were significantly higher in group LTA + LPS. Therefore, TLR4, MyD88, and TNF-α molecules, involved in the immune response, were found to be expressed at different levels against LTA and LPS in the lungs of two different sheep breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Alan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fadime Daldaban
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Aydın Alan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esma Gamze Aksel
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - İmdat Orhan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ulaş Çinar
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Bilal Akyüz
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Korhan Arslan
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
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13
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Kiczak L, Pasławska U, Goździk W, Adamik B, Zielińska M, Zieliński S, Nowak K, Płóciennik M, Bania J, Tabiś A, Nowak M, Pasławski R, Frostell C. Effect of low-dose hydrocortisone and inhaled nitric oxide on inflammatory mediators and local pulmonary metalloproteinases activity in LPS-induced sepsis in piglets. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11369. [PMID: 37443327 PMCID: PMC10344886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38311-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hospital mortality in sepsis varies between 30-45%. It has been shown that administration of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) and intravenous corticosteroid in a porcine endotoxemia model attenuated the systemic inflammatory response. We explored the anti-inflammatory effect of a double-treatment strategy (iNO + low-dose steroid) on the lungs in a long-term porcine endotoxic shock model. As metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in the initiation of multiple organ dysfunction in septic shock, we evaluated the influence of this combination therapy on MMP2 and MMP9 activity and proIL-1β maturation. A shock-like condition was established in 23 animals by continuous infusion of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 10 h. Then the animals were observed for 10 h. Twelve pigs received iNO and hydrocortisone (iNO treatment started 3 h after the initial LPS infusion and continued until the end of the experiment). Eleven pigs were controls. Pigs treated with iNO and hydrocortisone displayed less inflammatory infiltrates in the lungs than the controls and a lower level of IL-1β. The proMMP2 was significantly decreased in the iNO and hydrocortisone group. The amount of an active MMP9 (~ 60 kDa) was decreased in the iNO and hydrocortisone group. Total gelatinolytic activity was lower in the iNO and hydrocortisone group. Reduced MMP activity was accompanied by a 2.5-fold decrease of the active IL-1β form (17 kDa) in the pulmonary tissue of iNO combined with hydrocortisone exposed pigs. We demonstrated that in a porcine endotoxemia model the NO inhalation combined with intravenous hydrocortisone led to the attenuation of the inflammatory cascade induced by bacterial LPS. The decrease in pulmonary MMPs activities was accompanied by reduced proIL-1β processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Kiczak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Urszula Pasławska
- Veterinary Center, Nicoalus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Waldemar Goździk
- Clinical Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Barbara Adamik
- Clinical Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marzena Zielińska
- Clinical Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Stanisław Zieliński
- Clinical Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kacper Nowak
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Płóciennik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jacek Bania
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Tabiś
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Nowak
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Robert Pasławski
- Veterinary Center, Nicoalus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Claes Frostell
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Karolinska Institutet Danderyd Hospital, 182-88, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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McCarthy WC, Sherlock LG, Grayck MR, Zheng L, Lacayo OA, Solar M, Orlicky DJ, Dobrinskikh E, Wright CJ. Innate Immune Zonation in the Liver: NF-κB (p50) Activation and C-Reactive Protein Expression in Response to Endotoxemia Are Zone Specific. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1372-1385. [PMID: 36946778 PMCID: PMC10121917 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic innate immune function plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Importantly, a growing body of literature has firmly established the spatial heterogeneity of hepatocyte metabolic function; however, whether innate immune function is zonated remains unknown. To test this question, we exposed adult C57BL/6 mice to endotoxemia, and hepatic tissue was assessed for the acute phase response (APR). The zone-specific APR was evaluated in periportal and pericentral/centrilobular hepatocytes isolated using digitonin perfusion and on hepatic tissue using RNAscope and immunohistochemistry. Western blot, EMSA, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the role of the transcription factor NF-κB in mediating hepatic C-reactive protein (CRP) expression. Finally, the ability of mice lacking the NF-κB subunit p50 (p50-/-) to raise a hepatic APR was evaluated. We found that endotoxemia induces a hepatocyte transcriptional APR in both male and female mice, with Crp, Apcs, Fga, Hp, and Lbp expression being enriched in pericentral/centrilobular hepatocytes. Focusing our work on CRP expression, we determined that NF-κB transcription factor subunit p50 binds to consensus sequence elements present in the murine CRP promoter. Furthermore, pericentral/centrilobular hepatocyte p50 nuclear translocation is temporally associated with zone-specific APR during endotoxemia. Lastly, the APR and CRP expression is blunted in endotoxemic p50-/- mice. These results demonstrate that the murine hepatocyte innate immune response to endotoxemia includes zone-specific activation of transcription factors and target gene expression. These results support further study of zone-specific hepatocyte innate immunity and its role in the development of various disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C. McCarthy
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Laura G. Sherlock
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Maya R. Grayck
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Lijun Zheng
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Oscar A. Lacayo
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Mack Solar
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - David J. Orlicky
- Dept of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Evgenia Dobrinskikh
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Clyde J. Wright
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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15
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Fu Z, Zhang X, Liu J, Li J, Zeng Y, Yang J, Sun Y, Cui J, Zhu Y. Enzymatic synthesis and immunomodulatory activity of highly branched α-D-glucans with glycogen-like structure. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:123882. [PMID: 37015174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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16
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Lin Y, Zeng Z, Pan K. CIRCULAR RNA CIRC_0099188 CONTRIBUTES TO LPS-INDUCED HPAEpiC CELL INJURY BY TARGETING THE MIR-1236-3P/HMGB3 AXIS. Shock 2023; 59:734-743. [PMID: 36802224 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Purpose: This study is designed to explore the role and mechanism of circ_0099188 in LPS-engendered HPAEpiC cells. Methods: Circ_0099188, microRNA-1236-3p (miR-1236-3p), and high mobility group box 3 (HMGB3) levels were measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry assays. Protein levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 related X protein (Bax), cleaved-caspase 3, cleaved-caspase 9, and HMGB3 were determined using Western blot assay. IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. After predicting using Circinteractome and Targetscan, the binding between miR-1236-3p and circ_0099188 or HMGB3 was verified using a dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pull-down assays. Results: Circ_0099188 and HMGB3 were highly expressed, and miR-1236-3p was decreased in LPS-stimulated HPAEpiC cells. Also, the downregulation of circ_0099188 might overturn LPS-triggered HPAEpiC cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory response. Mechanically, circ_0099188 is able to affect HMGB3 expression by sponging miR-1236-3p. Conclusion: Circ_0099188 knockdown might mitigate LPS-induced HPAEpiC cell injury by targeting the miR-1236-3p/HMGB3 axis, providing an underlying therapeutic strategy for pneumonia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Lin
- Department of Infection, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
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17
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Saco Y, Bassols A. Acute phase proteins in cattle and swine: A review. Vet Clin Pathol 2023; 52 Suppl 1:50-63. [PMID: 36526287 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The major acute phase proteins (APPs) in cattle are haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA), and in swine, are Hp, SAA, C-reactive protein (CRP), and Pig major acute phase protein (Pig-MAP). Many methodologic assays are presently available to measure these parameters, which are still being improved to increase their specificity, sensitivity, user-friendliness, and economic availability. In cattle, the main applications are the diagnosis and monitoring of frequent diseases such as mastitis and metritis in dairy cows and respiratory problems in young calves. In pigs, APPs are useful in the control of bacterial and viral infections, and they may be used at the slaughterhouse to monitor subclinical pathologies and improve food safety. The utility of APP in animal production must not be forgotten; optimization of protocols to improve performance, welfare, and nutrition may benefit from the use of APPs. Other sample types besides serum or plasma have potential uses; APP determination in milk is a powerful tool in the control of mastitis, saliva is a non-invasive sample type, and meat juice is easily obtained at the slaughterhouse. Increasing our knowledge of reference intervals and the influence of variables such as age, breed, sex, and the season is important. Finally, worldwide harmonization and standardization of analytical procedures will help to expand the use of APPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Saco
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Servei de Bioquímica Clínica Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Anna Bassols
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Servei de Bioquímica Clínica Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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18
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Xu Y, Li Q, Ge P, Mao H, Yang C. Chitosan nanoparticles attenuate intestinal damage and inflammatory responses in LPS-challenged weaned piglets via prevention of IκB degradation. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:173-181. [PMID: 34820921 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles (CNP), widely applied as oral drug/gene/vaccine carrier, were found to have anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, the effects of CNP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal damage in weaned piglets and the related mechanisms were investigated. Twenty-four weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 21 ± 2 day of age, initial mass: 8.58 ± 0.59 kg) were randomly assigned into four groups: control, LPS, CNP and CNP + LPS. The control and LPS groups were fed a corn-soybean meal-based control diet, whereas the CNP and CNP + LPS groups were fed a control diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg CNP. After 28 days of feeding, piglets in LPS and CNP + LPS groups were injected with LPS (100 μg/kg); meanwhile, the piglets in control and CNP groups were injected with sterile saline. After 4 h from the LPS challenge, pigs were sacrificed to collect the intestinal samples for analysis. The results showed that CNP could attenuate the intestinal damages and inflammatory response stimulated by LPS treatment. LPS induced dramatically higher levels of CD177+ neutrophils invasion in jejunum mucosa (p < 0.01), which accompanied by increased secretion of marks of inflammation (p < 0.01) compared with the control, whereas CNP administration obviously inhibited LPS-induced CD177+ neutrophils invasion (p < 0.01) and secretion of marks of inflammation, such as interleukin-8 (p < 0.05), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (p < 0.05) secretion in jejunum mucosa compared with LPS group. Moreover, CNP was shown to inhibit IκB-α degradation in cytoplasm, which resulted in reduced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in LPS-challenged piglets. These findings suggest that CNP attenuates intestinal damage and inflammatory responses in LPS-challenged weaned piglets by impairing the NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology • College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology • College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pu Ge
- Pathophysiology Department of ChongQing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huiling Mao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology • College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology • College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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Nishi Y, Murakami Y, Teshima S, Tsukano K, Otsuka M, Hirata H, Tsuchiya M, Suzuki K. Endotoxin activity and leukocytic STAT3 mRNA alterations differ according to age in lipopolysaccharide-challenged calves. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:300-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Li Z, Hadlich F, Wimmers K, Murani E. Glucocorticoid receptor hypersensitivity enhances inflammatory signaling and inhibits cell cycle progression in porcine PBMCs. Front Immunol 2022; 13:976454. [PMID: 36505401 PMCID: PMC9730246 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.976454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The consequences of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) hypersensitivity during infection have so far received little attention. We previously discovered that a natural gain-of-function Ala610Val substitution in the porcine GR aggravates response of pigs to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia, which can be alleviated by dexamethasone (DEX) pretreatment. In this work, we investigated the relevant molecular basis of these phenotypes by transcriptomic profiling of porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) carrying different GR genotypes, in unstimulated conditions or in response to DEX and/or LPS in vitro. The Val allele differentially regulated abunda+nt genes in an additive-genetic manner. A subset of more than 200 genes was consistently affected by the substitution across treatments. This was associated with upregulation of genes related i.a. to endo-lysosomal system, lipid and protein catabolism, and immune terms including platelet activation, and antigen presentation, while downregulated genes were mainly involved in cell cycle regulation. Most importantly, the set of genes constitutively upregulated by Val includes members of the TLR4/LPS signaling pathway, such as LY96. Consequently, when exposing PBMCs to LPS treatment, the Val variant upregulated a panel of additional genes related to TLR4 and several other pattern recognition receptors, as well as cell death and lymphocyte signaling, ultimately amplifying the inflammatory responses. In contrast, when stimulated by DEX treatment, the Val allele orchestrated several genes involved in anti-inflammatory responses during infection. This study provides novel insights into the impact of GR hypersensitivity on the fate and function of immune cells, which may be useful for endotoxemia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Frieder Hadlich
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany,Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eduard Murani
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany,*Correspondence: Eduard Murani,
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Liu R, Zhou F, Yu J, Wei X, Liu X, Yuan X, Yu C. Abrusamide H Impairs the Secretion of the Cytokines in RAW264.7 Cells and the Inflammatory Infiltration in Tail Transection-Induced Zebrafish. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200474. [PMID: 36190475 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Abrus mollis Hance (Leguminosae) has a variety of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and antitumor activities. However, the specific substances responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects are unknown. Abrusamide H (BJBS) is a truxillic acid derivative obtained from the leaves of Abrus mollis Hance and has potential anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we aimed to estimate the potential effect and mechanism of BJBS in inflammation by establishing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in vitro and an injured zebrafish tail fin in vivo. The RAW264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations of BJBS after LPS stimulation. The production of nitric oxide (NO) was detected by Griess reaction, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by an ROS assay kit. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and interleukin 18 (IL-18) were measured by ELISA. Results showed that BJBS at all concentrations inhibited the proliferation of RAW264.7 macrophages after LPS stimulation by cell counting kit-8 and the production of NO and ROS. In the BJBS treatment group, the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18 decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. The results in vivo showed that no significant difference in the survival of zebrafish between the BJBS and blank groups and BJBS inhibited the migration and aggregation of zebrafish neutrophils in a dose-dependent manner in inflammation induced by tail transection-induced inflammation. In conclusion, BJBS inhibited the production of NO and ROS, decreased the levels of secreted IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18, and reduced the migration and aggregation of zebrafish neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roujia Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, East Waihuan Road 280, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Feirong Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, East Waihuan Road 280, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxian Yu
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xinru Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, East Waihuan Road 280, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiangying Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, East Waihuan Road 280, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xujiang Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, East Waihuan Road 280, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chuqin Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, East Waihuan Road 280, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Interdonato L, D’amico R, Cordaro M, Siracusa R, Fusco R, Peritore AF, Gugliandolo E, Crupi R, Coaccioli S, Genovese T, Impellizzeri D, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S. Aerosol-Administered Adelmidrol Attenuates Lung Inflammation in a Murine Model of Acute Lung Injury. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091308. [PMID: 36139146 PMCID: PMC9496587 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common and devastating clinical disorder with a high mortality rate and no specific therapy. The pathophysiology of ALI is characterized by increased alveolar/capillary permeability, lung inflammation, oxidative stress and structural damage to lung tissues, which can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Adelmidrol (ADM), an analogue of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions, which are mainly due to down-modulating mast cells (MCs) and promoting endogenous antioxidant defense. The aim of this study is to evaluate the protective effects of ADM in a mice model of ALI, induced by intratracheal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at the dose of 5 mg/kg. ADM 2% was administered by aerosol 1 and 6 h after LPS instillation. In this study, we clearly demonstrated that ADM reduced lung damage and airway infiltration induced by LPS instillation. At the same time, ADM counteracted the increase in MC number and the expression of specific markers of MC activation, i.e., chymase and tryptase. Moreover, ADM reduced oxidative stress by upregulating antioxidant enzymes as well as modulating the Nf-kB pathway and the resulting pro-inflammatory cytokine release. These results suggest that ADM could be a potential candidate in the management of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Interdonato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D’amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Stefano Coaccioli
- General Medical Clinic and Medical Therapy, Rheumatology and Medical Therapy of the Pain, University of Perugia, “Polo di Terni”, “AO Santa Maria” of Terni, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-676-5208
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Alan A, Alan E, Arslan K, Daldaban F, Aksel EG, Çınar MU, Akyüz B. LPS- and LTA-Induced Expression of TLR4, MyD88, and TNF-α in Lymph Nodes of the Akkaraman and Romanov Lambs. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:1-15. [PMID: 36062368 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927622012314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated inflammatory processes play a critical role in the innate immune response during the initial interaction between the infecting microorganism and immune cells. This study aimed to investigate the possible microanatomical and histological differences in mandibular and bronchial lymph nodes in Akkaraman and Romanov lambs induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and study the gene, protein, and immunoexpression levels of TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) that are involved in the immune system. Microanatomical examinations demonstrated more intense lymphocyte infiltration in the bronchial lymph nodes of Akkaraman lambs in the LPS and LTA groups compared to Romanov lambs. TLR4, MyD88, and TNF-α immunoreactivities were more intense in the experimental groups of both breeds. Expression levels of MyD88 and TNF-α genes in the bronchial lymph node of Akkaraman lambs were found to increase statistically significantly in the LTA group. TLR4 gene expression level in the mandibular lymph node was found to be statistically significantly higher in the LTA + LPS group. In conclusion, dynamic changes in the immune cell populations involved in response to antigens such as LTA and LPS in the lymph nodes of both breeds can be associated with the difference in the expression level of the TLR4/MyD88/TNF-α genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydın Alan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38030 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Emel Alan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38030 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Korhan Arslan
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, 38030 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fadime Daldaban
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, 38030 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esma Gamze Aksel
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, 38030 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ulaş Çınar
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Erciyes, 38030 Kayseri, Turkey
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Bilal Akyüz
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, 38030 Kayseri, Turkey
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Kim MJ, Jeon DG, Lim Y, Jang I. Effects of prebiotics in combination with probiotics on intestinal hydrolase activity, microbial population and immunological biomarkers in SD rats fed an AIN-93G diet. Lab Anim Res 2022; 38:20. [PMID: 35851065 PMCID: PMC9290249 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-022-00132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal microbiota, which comprises hundreds of different types of microbes, biologically plays crucial roles in the host's health. Probiotics (PRO) did not always have a positive benefit on the host, depending on strains of microbes and the physiochemical properties of prebiotics (PRE), indicating that the properties of PRE in combination with PRO might have different effects on the gut ecology. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of insoluble or soluble PRE with PRO on intestinal digestive hydrolase, the fecal microbes, and immunological biomarkers in SD rats fed an AIN-93G diet. RESULTS Forty, 8-week-old SD rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 10 replicates in each; cellulose (CELL), cellulose + probiotics (CELPRO), oatmeal (OATS), and oatmeal + probiotics (OATPRO) groups. After 4-week feeding trial, rats were treated with saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg) to examine the alleviating effects of PRO and PRE on immunological responses. There was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in feed intake of rats fed the oatmeal supplemented diet without affecting growth performance. Blood triglyceride was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in rats fed the oatmeal diet, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in rats fed the PRO supplemented diet. Intestinal maltase, sucrose, and lactase activities were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in rats fed PRO compared with rats not fed PRO. Rats fed the oatmeal showed a significant (p < 0.01) increase in the fecal colony forming units (CFU) of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae compared with those fed cellulose. LPS-treated rats fed PRO showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in blood secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) compared with those not fed PRO. The LPS-treated rats fed PRO resulted in decreased (p < 0.05) blood IL-6 compared with those not fed PRO, indicating that a dietary PRO alleviated inflammatory response in LPS-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS Dietary oatmeal increased fecal microbes, and PRO supplement resulted in increased intestinal hydrolase and immune functions of the host, demonstrating that soluble PRE with supplemented with PRO could be a more bioactive combination of synbiotics in SD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jeong Kim
- Division of Animal Bioscience and Integrated Biotechnology, Gyeongsang National University, 33 Dongjin-Ro, Jinju, 52725, Gyeongnam, Korea
| | - Dong-Gyeong Jeon
- Division of Animal Bioscience and Integrated Biotechnology, Gyeongsang National University, 33 Dongjin-Ro, Jinju, 52725, Gyeongnam, Korea
| | - Yong Lim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 47340, Korea
| | - Insurk Jang
- Division of Animal Bioscience and Integrated Biotechnology, Gyeongsang National University, 33 Dongjin-Ro, Jinju, 52725, Gyeongnam, Korea.
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López-Martínez MJ, Escribano D, Ortín-Bustillo A, Franco-Martínez L, González-Arostegui LG, Cerón JJ, Rubio CP. Changes in Biomarkers of Redox Status in Saliva of Pigs after an Experimental Sepsis Induction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071380. [PMID: 35883871 PMCID: PMC9311702 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva from pigs is gaining attention as an easy sample to obtain, being a source of biomarkers that can provide information on animal health and welfare. This study aimed to evaluate the changes that can occur in salivary biomarkers of the redox status of pigs with an experimentally induced sepsis. For that, the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing ability of saliva (FRAS), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange (FOX), peroxide activity (POX-Act), and reactive oxygen-derived compounds (d-ROMs) were measured in the saliva of pigs with experimentally induced sepsis by endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), non-septic inflammation induced by turpentine, and in healthy individuals before and after 3 h, 6 h, 24 h, and 48 h. AOPP, POX-Act, and d-ROMs in the sepsis group were higher than in the control from 3 h to 24 h after the inoculation. CUPRAC, FRAS, and TEAC were higher in sepsis than the control group at 24 h. These changes were of higher magnitude than those that occurred in the turpentine group. In conclusion, our findings reveal that sepsis produces changes in salivary biomarkers of redox status, which opens the possibility of using them as potential biomarkers in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José López-Martínez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.J.L.-M.); (D.E.); (A.O.-B.); (L.F.-M.); (L.G.G.-A.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Damián Escribano
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.J.L.-M.); (D.E.); (A.O.-B.); (L.F.-M.); (L.G.G.-A.); (J.J.C.)
- Department of Animal Production, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alba Ortín-Bustillo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.J.L.-M.); (D.E.); (A.O.-B.); (L.F.-M.); (L.G.G.-A.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Lorena Franco-Martínez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.J.L.-M.); (D.E.); (A.O.-B.); (L.F.-M.); (L.G.G.-A.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Luis Guillermo González-Arostegui
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.J.L.-M.); (D.E.); (A.O.-B.); (L.F.-M.); (L.G.G.-A.); (J.J.C.)
| | - José Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.J.L.-M.); (D.E.); (A.O.-B.); (L.F.-M.); (L.G.G.-A.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Camila Peres Rubio
- Department of Animal and Food Science, School of Veterinary Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Duodenum edema due to reduced lymphatic drainage leads to increased inflammation in a porcine endotoxemic model. Intensive Care Med Exp 2022; 10:17. [PMID: 35501517 PMCID: PMC9061929 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-022-00444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interventions, such as mechanical ventilation with high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), increase inflammation in abdominal organs. This effect could be due to reduced venous return and impaired splanchnic perfusion, or intestinal edema by reduced lymphatic drainage. However, it is not clear whether abdominal edema per se leads to increased intestinal inflammation when perfusion is normal. The aim of the presented study was to investigate if an impaired thoracic duct function can induce edema of the abdominal organs and if it is associated to increase inflammation when perfusion is maintained normal. In a porcine model, endotoxin was used to induce systemic inflammation. In the Edema group (n = 6) the abdominal portion of the thoracic duct was ligated, while in the Control group (7 animals) it was maintained intact. Half of the animals underwent a diffusion weighted-magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) at the end of the 6-h observation period to determine the abdominal organ perfusion. Edema in abdominal organs was assessed using wet–dry weight and with MRI. Inflammation was assessed by measuring cytokine concentrations in abdominal organs and blood as well as histopathological analysis of the abdominal organs. Results Organ perfusion was similar in both groups, but the Edema group had more intestinal (duodenum) edema, ascites, higher intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) at the end of observation time, and higher cytokine concentration in the small intestine. Systemic cytokines (from blood samples) correlated with IAP. Conclusions In this experimental endotoxemic porcine model, the thoracic duct’s ligation enhanced edema formation in the duodenum, and it was associated with increased inflammation.
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Dahlquist A, Elander Degerstedt L, von Oelreich E, Brännström A, Gustavsson J, P Arborelius U, Günther M. Blast polytrauma with hemodynamic shock, hypothermia, hypoventilation and systemic inflammatory response: description of a new porcine model. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2022; 48:401-409. [PMID: 32862315 PMCID: PMC7456397 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-020-01476-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the past decade blast injuries have become more prevalent. Blast trauma may cause extensive injuries requiring improved early resuscitation and prevention of haemorrhage. Randomized prospective trials are logistically and ethically challenging, and large animal models are important for further research efforts. Few severe blast trauma models have been described, which is why we aimed to establish a comprehensive polytrauma model in accordance with the criteria of the Berlin definition of polytrauma and with a survival time of > 2 h. Multiple blast injuries to the groin and abdomen were combined with hypoperfusion, respiratory and metabolic acidosis, hypoventilation, hypothermia and inflammatory response. The model was compared to lung contusion and haemorrhage. METHODS 16 landrace swine (mean weight 60.5 kg) were randomized to "control" (n = 5), "chest trauma/hem" by lung contusion and class II haemorrhage (n = 5), and "blast polytrauma" caused by multiple blast injuries to the groin and abdomen, class II haemorrhage, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion and hypothermia 32 °C (n = 6). RESULTS The blast polytrauma group had an Injury Severity Score of 57 which resulted in haemodynamic shock, hypothermia, respiratory and metabolic acidosis and inflammatory response. The chest trauma/hem group had an Injury Severity Score of 9 and less profound physiologic effects. Physiologic parameters presented a dose-response relationship corresponding to the trauma levels. CONCLUSION A comprehensive blast polytrauma model fulfilling the Berlin polytrauma criteria, with a high trauma load and a survival time of > 2 h was established. A severe, but consistent, injury profile was accomplished enabling the addition of experimental interventions in future studies, particularly of immediate resuscitation efforts including whole blood administration, trauma packing and haemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albin Dahlquist
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Section of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Sjukhusbacken 10, S1, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Louise Elander Degerstedt
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Section of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Sjukhusbacken 10, S1, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik von Oelreich
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Brännström
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Section of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Sjukhusbacken 10, S1, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Gustavsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf P Arborelius
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Günther
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Section of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Sjukhusbacken 10, S1, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ashareyoun H, Chalmeh A, Pourjafar M. Un-fractionated heparin counteracts the systemic inflammatory responses and multiple organ damages caused by endotoxaemia in sheep. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1187-1196. [PMID: 34978390 PMCID: PMC9122390 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endotoxaemia is believed to be a major cause of mortality and there are several therapeutic regimens for the treatment of this situation. Objectives The present experimental study was conducted to evaluate acute phase response, cardiovascular and hepatorenal damages following the treatment of Ovine experimental endotoxaemia model employing unfractionated heparin (UFH). Materials and Methods Twenty clinically healthy 1‐year‐old fat‐tailed ewes were randomly divided into four equal groups, comprising UFH 200, UFH 400, Ctrl+ and Ctrl‐. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli serotype O55:B5 at 0.4 μg/kg was administered intravenously to the ewes. UFH (at 200 and 400 IU/kg) was administrated to the UFH 200 and UFH 400 groups, respectively. All the ewes were evaluated clinically before and 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6 and 24 hours after LPS injection. Blood samplings were also performed at those hours. We measured serum concentrations of haptoglobin, interferon‐gamma, total antioxidant status, malondialdehyde, cardiac lactate dehydrogenase, cardiac troponin‐I, total bilirubin, alanine transaminase and creatinine. Serum concentrations of acute phase response, cardiovascular, hepatic and renal biomarkers and clinical parameters increased significantly following the induction of endotoxaemia in the groups receiving LPS. Results The significantly lowest concentrations of these parameters at hours 4.5 and 6 among the treatment groups belonged to the UFH 400 sheep. Conclusions UFH could act as an anti‐inflammatory mediator by decreasing inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins, modulating oxidative stress biomarkers and reducing multiple organ dysfunction following endotoxaemia in a dose–dependent manner. Furthermore, the anti‐inflammatory effects of UFH at 400 IU/kg were significantly higher than another dose. This research examined the effect of two doses of UFH and higher doses may have more anti‐inflammatory effects that require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Ashareyoun
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aliasghar Chalmeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Pourjafar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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29
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Li Z, Trakooljul N, Hadlich F, Ponsuksili S, Wimmers K, Murani E. Transcriptome analysis of porcine PBMCs reveals lipopolysaccharide-induced immunomodulatory responses and crosstalk of immune and glucocorticoid receptor signaling. Virulence 2021; 12:1808-1824. [PMID: 34288827 PMCID: PMC8296968 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1948276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The current level of knowledge on transcriptome responses triggered by endotoxins and glucocorticoids in immune cells in pigs is limited. Therefore, in the present study, we treated porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and dexamethasone (DEX) separately or combined for 2 hours. The resultant transcriptional responses were examined by mRNA sequencing. We found that the LPS treatment triggered pronounced inflammatory responses as evidenced by upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and related signaling pathways like NF-κB. Concurrently, a series of downregulated pro-inflammatory and upregulated anti-inflammatory molecules were identified. These are involved in the inhibition of TLR, NF-κB, and MAPK cascades and activation of signaling mediated by Tregs and STAT3, respectively. These findings suggested that LPS initiated also an anti-inflammatory process to prevent an overwhelming inflammatory response. The transcriptome responses further revealed substantial crosstalk of immune responses and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling. This was apparent in four aspects: constitutive inhibition of T cell signaling by DEX through a subset of genes showing no response to LPS; inhibition of LPS-induced inflammatory genes by DEX; attenuation of DEX action by LPS paralleled by the regulation of genes implicated in cytokine and calcium signaling; and DEX-induced changes in genes associated with the activation of pro-inflammatory TLR, NF-κB, iNOS, and IL-1 signaling. Consequently, our study provides novel insights into inflammatory and GR signaling in pigs, as well as an understanding of the application of glucocorticoid drugs for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Frieder Hadlich
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Eduard Murani
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
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Etiology of Colitis-Complex Diarrhea in Growing Pigs: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072151. [PMID: 34359279 PMCID: PMC8300613 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Diarrhea in growing pigs is a challenge for the pig industry since it is associated with reduced animal welfare, retarded growth, increased feed conversion ratio, and is often treated with antibiotics. One of the major causes of diarrhea in the growing period is large intestinal inflammation, often referred to as colitis. The exact causes of colitis-complex diarrhea are still to be understood, but dietary factors and/or pathogens have been recognized as the major factors in developing colitis-complex diarrhea. In this review, a thorough picture of pathogens, dietary factors, and a number of possible biomarkers related to colitis-complex diarrhea is presented. Abstract Colitis-complex diarrhea (CCD) in pigs can be defined as a type of diarrhea, which is associated with colonic inflammation and disrupted colonic gut barrier functionality in growing pigs (4–16 weeks post-weaning). It is a challenge for the pig industry as it is associated with the high use of antibiotics, reduced animal welfare, and depressed growth rate. The exact etiology of CCD is still unclear; however, pathogens including Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae, B. pilosicoli, and swine whipworms such as Trichuris (T.) suis have been involved in specific colitis (SC). In the absence of specific pathogens, dietary factors, such as high levels of protein, pelleted feedstuffs, and lack of sufficient antioxidants, can result in non-specific colitis (NSC). On the other hand, supplement of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and polyphenols, sufficient supply of essential amino acids (e.g., threonine, cysteine, and proline), short-chain fatty acids (SCFA; especially butyrate), and resistant starch have shown to confer preventing/ameliorating effects on CCD. Different putative biomarkers associated with CCD have been presented. It is anticipated that a comprehensive picture of the possible causes of CCD and potential dietary interventions could cast light on the direction of future studies aimed at developing preventive and curative strategies against CCD in growing pigs.
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Liu X, Song P, Yan H, Zhang L, Wang L, Zhao F, Gao H, Hou X, Shi L, Li B, Wang L. A Comparison of the Behavior, Physiology, and Offspring Resilience of Gestating Sows When Raised in a Group Housing System and Individual Stalls. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072076. [PMID: 34359203 PMCID: PMC8300341 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The housing patterns of gestating sows affect their health and welfare. In this study, the differences between behavior and stress hormone levels were assessed when sows were housed in a group housing system compared to individual stalls; in addition, the disease resistance and resilience of their piglets were compared. In our investigation, the group-housed sows showed more exploratory behavior, less vacuum chewing, less sitting behavior, and lower stress hormone levels throughout pregnancy. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection test revealed that the offspring of group-housed sows showed better resistance and resilience to disease. Therefore, the gestating sows raised in a group housing system and their piglets are healthier and have improved welfare. Our results show that a group housing system provides higher welfare standards, with conditions that are more suitable for gestating sows in modern pig production. Abstract Being in a confined environment causes chronic stress in gestating sows, which is detrimental for sow health, welfare and, consequently, offspring physiology. This study assessed the health and welfare of gestating sows housed in a group housing system compared to individual gestation stalls. After pregnancy was confirmed, experimental sows were divided randomly into two groups: the group housing system (GS), with the electronic sow feeding (ESF) system; or individual stall (IS). The behavior of sows housed in the GS or IS was then compared; throughout pregnancy, GS sows displayed more exploratory behavior, less vacuum chewing, and less sitting behavior (p < 0.05). IS sows showed higher stress hormone levels than GS sows. In particular, at 41 days of gestation, the concentration of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and adrenaline (A) in IS sows was significantly higher than that of GS sows, and the A level of IS sows remained significantly higher at 71 days of gestation (p < 0.01). The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) test was carried out in the weaned piglets of the studied sows. Compared with the offspring of gestating sows housed in GS (PG) or IS (PS), PG experienced a shorter period of high temperature and showed a quicker return to the normal state (p < 0.05). Additionally, their lower levels of stress hormone (p < 0.01) suggest that PG did not suffer from as much stress as PS. These findings suggested that gestating sows housed in GS were more able to carry out their natural behaviors and, therefore, had lower levels of stress and improved welfare. In addition, PG also showed better disease resistance and resilience. These results will provide a research basis for the welfare and breeding of gestating sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (P.S.); (H.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (F.Z.); (H.G.); (X.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Pengkang Song
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (P.S.); (H.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (F.Z.); (H.G.); (X.H.); (L.S.)
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (P.S.); (H.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (F.Z.); (H.G.); (X.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Longchao Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (P.S.); (H.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (F.Z.); (H.G.); (X.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Ligang Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (P.S.); (H.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (F.Z.); (H.G.); (X.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Fuping Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (P.S.); (H.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (F.Z.); (H.G.); (X.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (P.S.); (H.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (F.Z.); (H.G.); (X.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Xinhua Hou
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (P.S.); (H.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (F.Z.); (H.G.); (X.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Lijun Shi
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (P.S.); (H.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (F.Z.); (H.G.); (X.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Bugao Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (L.W.); Tel.: +86-010-6281-8771 (L.W.)
| | - Lixian Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.L.); (P.S.); (H.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (F.Z.); (H.G.); (X.H.); (L.S.)
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (L.W.); Tel.: +86-010-6281-8771 (L.W.)
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Stenlo M, Silva IAN, Hyllén S, Bölükbas DA, Niroomand A, Grins E, Ederoth P, Hallgren O, Pierre L, Wagner DE, Lindstedt S. Monitoring lung injury with particle flow rate in LPS- and COVID-19-induced ARDS. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14802. [PMID: 34250766 PMCID: PMC8273428 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life-prolonging treatment, especially among COVID-19 patients. Evaluation of lung injury progression is challenging with current techniques. Diagnostic imaging or invasive diagnostics are risky given the difficulties of intra-hospital transportation, contraindication of biopsies, and the potential for the spread of infections, such as in COVID-19 patients. We have recently shown that particle flow rate (PFR) from exhaled breath could be a noninvasive, early detection method for ARDS during mechanical ventilation. We hypothesized that PFR could also measure the progress of lung injury during ECMO treatment. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was thus used to induce ARDS in pigs under mechanical ventilation. Eight were connected to ECMO, whereas seven animals were not. In addition, six animals received sham treatment with saline. Four human patients with ECMO and ARDS were also monitored. In the pigs, as lung injury ensued, the PFR dramatically increased and a particular spike followed the establishment of ECMO in the LPS-treated animals. PFR remained elevated in all animals with no signs of lung recovery. In the human patients, in the two that recovered, PFR decreased. In the two whose lung function deteriorated while on ECMO, there was increased PFR with no sign of recovery in lung function. The present results indicate that real-time monitoring of PFR may be a new, complementary approach in the clinic for measurement of the extent of lung injury and recovery over time in ECMO patients with ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stenlo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Cardiothoracic Surgery and TransplantationSkåne University HospitalLund UniversitySweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular MedicineLund UniversitySweden
- Department of Clinical SciencesLund UniversitySweden
| | - Iran A. N. Silva
- Department of Experimental Medical SciencesLung Bioengineering and RegenerationLund UniversitySweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular MedicineLund UniversitySweden
- Lund Stem Cell CenterLund UniversitySweden
| | - Snejana Hyllén
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Cardiothoracic Surgery and TransplantationSkåne University HospitalLund UniversitySweden
- Department of Clinical SciencesLund UniversitySweden
| | - Deniz A. Bölükbas
- Department of Experimental Medical SciencesLung Bioengineering and RegenerationLund UniversitySweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular MedicineLund UniversitySweden
- Lund Stem Cell CenterLund UniversitySweden
| | - Anna Niroomand
- Department of Clinical SciencesLund UniversitySweden
- Rutgers Robert UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Edgars Grins
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Cardiothoracic Surgery and TransplantationSkåne University HospitalLund UniversitySweden
- Department of Clinical SciencesLund UniversitySweden
| | - Per Ederoth
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Cardiothoracic Surgery and TransplantationSkåne University HospitalLund UniversitySweden
- Department of Clinical SciencesLund UniversitySweden
| | - Oskar Hallgren
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular MedicineLund UniversitySweden
- Department of Clinical SciencesLund UniversitySweden
| | - Leif Pierre
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Cardiothoracic Surgery and TransplantationSkåne University HospitalLund UniversitySweden
- Department of Clinical SciencesLund UniversitySweden
| | - Darcy E. Wagner
- Department of Experimental Medical SciencesLung Bioengineering and RegenerationLund UniversitySweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular MedicineLund UniversitySweden
- Lund Stem Cell CenterLund UniversitySweden
| | - Sandra Lindstedt
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Cardiothoracic Surgery and TransplantationSkåne University HospitalLund UniversitySweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular MedicineLund UniversitySweden
- Department of Clinical SciencesLund UniversitySweden
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33
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Park C, Lee H, Kwon CY, Kim GY, Jeong JW, Kim SO, Choi SH, Jeong SJ, Noh JS, Choi YH. Loganin Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Response through the Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in RAW264.7 Macrophages. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:875-883. [PMID: 34078820 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation caused by the excessive secretion of inflammatory mediators in abnormally activated macrophages promotes many diseases along with oxidative stress. Loganin, a major iridoid glycoside isolated from Cornus officinalis, has recently been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, whereas the underlying mechanism has not yet been fully clarified. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of loganin on inflammation and oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Our results indicated that loganin treatment markedly attenuated the LPS-mediated phagocytic activity and release of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2, which was associated with decreased the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. In addition, loganin suppressed the expression and their extracellular secretion of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. Furthermore, loganin abolished reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and promoted the activation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in LPS-stimulated macrophages. However, zinc protoporphyrin, a selective HO-1 inhibitor, reversed the loganin-mediated suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-treated macrophages. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the upregulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway is concerned at least in the protective effect of loganin against LPS-mediated inflammatory and oxidative stress, and that loganin can be a potential functional agent to prevent inflammatory and oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Park
- Division of Basic Sciences, College of Liberal Studies, Dong-eui University
| | - Hyesook Lee
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine
| | - Chan-Young Kwon
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University
| | - Jin-Woo Jeong
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources
| | - Sung Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Kyungsung University
| | | | - Soon-Jeong Jeong
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Youngsan University
| | - Jeong Sook Noh
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Tongmyong University
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine
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34
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Kwon DH, Kim GY, Cha HJ, Kim S, Kim HS, Hwang HJ, Choi YH. Nargenicin A1 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory and oxidative response by blocking the NF-κB signaling pathway. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:968-982. [PMID: 34267609 PMCID: PMC8278209 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-3506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation caused by the excessive production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines in abnormally activated macrophages promotes the initiation and progression of many diseases along with oxidative stress. Previous studies have suggested that nargenicin A1, an antibacterial macrolide isolated from Nocardia sp. may be a potential treatment for inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, but the detailed mechanisms are still not well studied. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of nargenicin A1 on inflammatory and oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and zebrafish (Danio rerio) models. Our results indicated that nargenicin A1 treatment significantly inhibited LPS-induced release of pro-inflammatory mediators including nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2, which was associated with decreased inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. In addition, nargenicin A1 attenuated the LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1, reducing their extracellular secretion. Nargenicin A1 also suppressed LPS-induced generation of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, nargenicin A1 abolished the LPS-mediated nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and the degradation of inhibitor IκB-α, indicating that nargenicin A1 exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, nargenicin A1 showed strong protective effects against NO and ROS production in LPS-injected zebrafish larvae. In conclusion, our findings suggest that nargenicin A1 ameliorates LPS-induced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by downregulating the NF-κB signaling pathway, and that nargenicin A1 can be a potential functional agent to prevent inflammatory- and oxidative-mediated damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hye Kwon
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Heui-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Nursing, Healthcare Sciences & Human Ecology, Dong-eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
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35
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Park C, Cha HJ, Lee H, Kim GY, Choi YH. The regulation of the TLR4/NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways is involved in the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and oxidative reactions by morroniside in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 706:108926. [PMID: 34029560 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Morroniside, a major iridoid glycoside isolated from Cornus officinalis, has a variety of beneficial pharmacological properties. Although morroniside has recently been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, the detailed mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of morroniside on inflammatory and oxidative stress activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Our results indicated that morroniside pretreatment significantly inhibited the LPS-induced phagocytic activity and release of pro-inflammatory factors, which was associated with blocking the expression of their regulatory genes. Morroniside also markedly suppressed the expression of myeloid differentiation factor 88 as well as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and attenuated the translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) to the nucleus in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, morroniside prevented the binding of LPS to the TLR4 on the cell surface. In addition, morroniside abolished reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and enhanced the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) following activation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. However, zinc protoporphyrin, a specific inhibitor of HO-1, reversed the morroniside-mediated inhibition of inflammatory response in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In conclusion, our findings suggest that morroniside exerts LPS-induced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by targeting the TLR4/NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Taken together, our findings suggest that morroniside interacted structurally and electrochemically with TLR4/MD2 complex, consequently can be a potential functional agent to prevent inflammatory and oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Park
- Division of Basic Sciences, College of Liberal Studies, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, 49104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Lee
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea.
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Dhondt L, Croubels S, Temmerman R, De Cock P, Meyer E, Van Den Broeck W, De Paepe P, Devreese M. The Development of a Juvenile Porcine Augmented Renal Clearance Model Through Continuous Infusion of Lipopolysaccharides: An Exploratory Study. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:639771. [PMID: 33996970 PMCID: PMC8116505 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.639771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Augmented renal clearance (ARC) as observed in the critically ill (pediatric) population can have a major impact on the pharmacokinetics and posology of renally excreted drugs. Although sepsis has been described as a major trigger in the development of ARC in human critically ill patients, mechanistic insights on ARC are currently lacking. An appropriate ARC animal model could contribute to reveal these underlying mechanisms. In this exploratory study, a state of ARC was induced in 8-week-old piglets. Conscious piglets were continuously infused over 36 h with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Escherichia coli (O111:B4) to induce sepsis and subsequently trigger ARC. To study the dose-dependent effect of LPS on the renal function, three different doses (0.75, 2.0, 5.0 μg/kg/h) were administered (two ♂ piglets/dose, one sham piglet), in combination with fluid administration (0.9% NaCl) at 6 ml/kg/h. Single boluses of renal markers, i.e., creatinine [40 mg/kg body weight (BW)], iohexol (64.7 mg/kg BW), and para-aminohippuric acid (PAH, 10 mg/kg BW) were administered intravenously to evaluate the effect of LPS on the renal function. Clinical parameters were monitored periodically. Blood sampling was performed to determine the effect on hematology, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and prostaglandin E2 plasma levels. All piglets that were continuously infused with LPS displayed an elevated body temperature, heart rhythm, and respiratory rate ~1-3 h after start of the infusion. After infusion, considerably higher total body clearances of iohexol, creatinine, and PAH were observed, independent of the administration of LPS and/or its dose. Since also the sham piglet, receiving no LPS, demonstrated a comparable increase in renal function, the contribution of fluid administration to the development of ARC should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dhondt
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Siska Croubels
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robin Temmerman
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Cock
- Department of Pharmacy, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Paediatric Intensive Care, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Den Broeck
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter De Paepe
- Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathias Devreese
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Aksel EG, Akyüz B. Effect of LPS and LTA stimulation on the expression of TLR-pathway genes in PBMCs of Akkaraman lambs in vivo. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:65. [PMID: 33392825 PMCID: PMC7779097 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study investigating the changes in some gene expressions related to the TLR pathway in vivo in sheep. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) molecules were administrated separately and in combination to the Akkaraman lambs via intranasal route. For this purpose, 28 lambs were distributed into four groups (LPS, LTA, LPS + LTA, and control, n = 7). Blood samples were collected to isolate the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at 24 h and on day 7. Expression levels of TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10, NF-κß, and IFN-γ genes were determined by qRT-PCR. Increases were determined in the expression data of TLR2 [LPS (P < 0.05) and LTA + LPS (P < 0.01)], TLR4 [LTA + LPS (P < 0.05)], TNF-α, IL-10 [LTA + LPS (P < 0.05)], and IFN-γ genes in all groups in the mRNA expression analysis of PBMCs isolated at 24 h whereas decreases were determined in the expression levels of these genes on day 7. The combination of LPS + LTA stimulated lamb PBMCs more effectively than separate administration of LPS and LTA at 24 h. Therefore, this article may contribute to the understanding the host-pathogen interaction of respiratory-transmitted bacterial diseases concerning PBMCs at 24 h and on day 7. Also this study may contribute to the dose adjustment for bacterial vaccine studies in sheep. Experimental application doses will be helpful for in vivo and in vitro drug and vaccine development studies in the fields of pharmacology and microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Gamze Aksel
- Department of Genetic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Bilal Akyüz
- Department of Genetic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
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38
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Choi Y, Kwon D, Park C, Lee H, Hong S, Kim GY, Cha HJ, Kim S, Kim HS, Hwang HJ. Ethanol extract of Chondracanthus tenellus (Harvey) Hommersand attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory and oxidative response by blocking the NF-κB, MAPKs, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.326099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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39
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Park C, Lee H, Hong S, Molagoda IMN, Jeong JW, Jin CY, Kim GY, Choi SH, Hong SH, Choi YH. Inhibition of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory and Oxidative Responses by Trans-cinnamaldehyde in C2C12 Myoblasts. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2480-2492. [PMID: 34104079 PMCID: PMC8176176 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.59169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Trans-cinnamaldehyde (tCA), a bioactive component found in Cinnamomum cassia, has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, but its efficacy in muscle cells has yet to be found. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of tCA on inflammatory and oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in C2C12 mouse skeletal myoblasts. Methods: To investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of tCA in LPS-treated C2C12 cells, we measured the levels of pro-inflammatory mediator, cytokines, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). To elucidate the mechanism underlying the effect of tCA, the expression of genes involved in the expression of inflammatory and oxidative regulators was also investigated. We further evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy of tCA against LPS in the zebrafish model. Results: tCA significantly inhibited the LPS-induced release of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, which was associated with decreased expression of their regulatory genes. tCA also suppressed the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor, and attenuated the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and the binding of LPS to TLR4 on the cell surface in LPS-treated C2C12 cells. Furthermore, tCA abolished LPS-induced generation of ROS and expression levels of ROS producing enzymes, NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) and NOX2. However, tCA enhanced the activation of nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in LPS-stimulated C2C12 myoblasts. In addition, tCA showed strong protective effects against NO and ROS production in LPS-injected zebrafish larvae. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that tCA exerts its inhibitory ability against LPS-induced inflammatory and antioxidant stress in C2C12 myoblasts by targeting the TLR4/NF-κB, which might be mediated by the NOXs and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Park
- Division of Basic Sciences, College of Liberal Studies, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Lee
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyun Hong
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilandarage Menu Neelaka Molagoda
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Jeong
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheng-Yun Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Choi
- Department of System Management, Korea Lift College, Geochang 50141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
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40
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Dietary Phytase- and Lactic Acid-Treated Cereals Caused Greater Taxonomic Adaptations than Functional Adaptations in the Cecal Metagenome of Growing Pigs. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 87:AEM.02240-20. [PMID: 33097516 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02240-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for the gut bacteria and the host. Nevertheless, little information exists that indicates to what extent an improved level of P availability in the small intestine leads to functional adaptations in bacterial metabolic pathways in the large intestine. Therefore, we investigated the changes in the taxonomic and functional bacterial metagenome in cecal digesta of growing pigs fed diets containing phytase and/or cereals treated with 2.5% lactic acid (LA) for 19 days (n = 8/diet) using shotgun metagenome sequencing. The phytase supplementation resulted in strikingly distinct bacterial communities, affecting almost all major bacterial families, whereas functional changes were less dramatic among the feeding groups. While phytase treatment decreased predominant Prevotellaceae levels, it seemed that Clostridiaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae filled the opening metabolic niches (P < 0.05). The LA-treated cereals mediated reduced levels of Bacteroidaceae and increased levels of Veillonellaceae, but those results were mainly seen when the cereals were fed as a single treatment (P < 0.05). In association with the taxonomic alterations, phytase caused changes within the major functional pathways corresponding to amino acid metabolism; translation; membrane transport; folding, sorting, and degradation; and energy metabolism, whereas the LA treatment of cereals resulted in decreased enzymatic capacities within the carbohydrate metabolism and energy metabolism pathways (P < 0.05). Metabolic dependencies corresponding to the starch and sucrose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and citrate cycle pathways were indicated by diet-associated changes in enzymatic capacities related to short-chain fatty acid, methane, vitamin, and bacterial antigen synthesis. Accordingly, the present results support the idea of the importance of the availability of intestinal P for bacterial metabolism. However, the functional profiles were less different than the taxonomic profiles among the dietary treatment results, indicating a certain degree of metabolic plasticity within the cecal metagenome.IMPORTANCE Dietary strategies (e.g., phytase supplementation and lactic acid [LA] treatment of cereals) used to improve the availability of phytate-phosphorus (P) from pig feed reduce the amount of P flowing into the large intestine, whereas LA treatment-induced changes in nutrient fractions alter the substrate being available to the microbiota. In ruminants, lower intestinal P availability compromises the fibrolytic activity of the microbiome. Here, we report that the functional capacities were less dramatically affected than the taxonomic composition by phytase-supplemented and LA-treated cereals. The bacterial community appeared to be partly capable of functionally compensating for the altered flow of P by replacing taxa with higher P needs by those with lower P needs. Therefore, by acting as mucosal immune stimulants, alterations in microbiota-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) due to the taxonomic shifts may play a greater role for host physiology and health than functional differences caused by differing intestinal P availabilities, which merits further research.
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Li Z, Kanitz E, Tuchscherer M, Tuchscherer A, Metges CC, Trakooljul N, Wimmers K, Murani E. A natural Ala610Val substitution causing glucocorticoid receptor hypersensitivity aggravates consequences of endotoxemia. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 90:174-183. [PMID: 32795657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the crucial role of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in proper immune responses, the effect of GR hypersensitivity on inflammation is rarely reported. To fill this knowledge gap, we exploited the natural gain-of-function substitution in the porcine glucocorticoid receptor (GRAla610Val) and challenged pigs carrying normal or hypersensitive GR using 50 µg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) following pretreatment with either saline or single bolus of 60 µg/kg dexamethasone (DEX). The GRAla610Val substitution reduced baseline cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and triglyceride concentration and granulocyte proportion whereas baseline platelet counts were elevated. Val-carriers, i.e. AlaVal as well as ValVal pigs, showed less LPS-induced cortisol rise but the cortisol fold change was similar in all genotypes. Differently, ACTH response to LPS was most significant in GRAla610Val heterozygotes (AlaVal). LPS-induced disorders, including sickness behaviors, anorexia, thrombocytopenia, cytokine production, and metabolic alterations were more intense in Val-carriers. On the other hand, Val-carriers were more sensitive to DEX effect than wild types (AlaAla) during endotoxemia, but not under unchallenged conditions. This is the first report revealing aggravated responses to endotoxemia by GR gain-of-function. Together, these results imply that GR hypersensitivity is difficult to diagnose but may represent a risk factor for endotoxemia and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ellen Kanitz
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Margret Tuchscherer
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Armin Tuchscherer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Cornelia C Metges
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Eduard Murani
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
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Lee J, Song M, Yun W, Liu S, Oh H, An J, Kim Y, Lee C, Kim H, Cho J. Effects of silicate derived from quartz porphyry supplementation in the health of weaning to growing pigs after lipopolysaccharide challenge. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1817748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihwan Lee
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Song
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Yun
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Shudong Liu
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanjin Oh
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiseon An
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Younggwang Kim
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyeunbum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Cho
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
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Tran AT, Kluess J, Kersten S, Berk A, Paulick M, Schatzmayr D, Dänicke S, Frahm J. Sodium sulfite (SoS) as decontamination strategy for Fusarium-toxin contaminated maize and its impact on immunological traits in pigs challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mycotoxin Res 2020; 36:429-442. [PMID: 32902833 PMCID: PMC7536171 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-020-00403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium sulfite (SoS) treatment of maize and its impact on the porcine immune system in the presence of an LPS-induced systemic inflammation. Control maize (CON) and Fusarium-toxin contaminated maize (FUS) were wet-preserved (20% moisture) for 79 days with (+) or without (−) SoS and then included at 10% in a diet, resulting in four experimental groups: CON−, CON+, FUS−, and FUS+ with deoxynivalenol (DON) concentrations of 0.09, 0.05, 5.36, and 0.83 mg DON/kg feed, respectively. After 42-day feeding trial (weaned barrows, n = 20/group), ten pigs per group were challenged intraperitoneally with either 7.5 μg LPS/kg BW or placebo (0.9% NaCl), observed for 2 h, and then sacrificed. Blood, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleen were collected for phenotyping of different T cell subsets, B cells, and monocytes. Phagocytic activity and intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed in both polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using flow cytometry. Our results revealed that the impact of DON was more notable on CD3+CD4+CD8+ T cells in lymphoid tissues rather than in blood T cells. In contrast, SoS treatment of maize altered leukocyte subpopulations in blood, e.g., reduced the percentage and fluorescence signal of CD8high T cells. Interestingly, SoS treatment reduced the amount of free radicals in basal ROS-producing PMNs only in LPS-challenged animals, suggesting a decrease in basal cellular ROS production (pSoS*LPS = 0.022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh-Tuan Tran
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jeannette Kluess
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Susanne Kersten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Berk
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marleen Paulick
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Sven Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jana Frahm
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
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Sadeghi A, Bastin AR, Ghahremani H, Doustimotlagh AH. The effects of rosmarinic acid on oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-induced peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3557-3566. [PMID: 32350743 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a potential herbal medicine and has received considerable attention due to its strong antioxidant properties. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of RA on inflammation and oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PBMCs were pre-treated with various contents of RA (20, 40, 80 µM) for 24 h, then, stimulated with LPS (10 ng/ml) for more 6 h. ELISA and Real-time PCR were done to detect the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, IL-1β and IL-10. Western blot was done to investigate the phosphorylated amounts of P65-NF-κB and JNK. Inflammatory cytokines and oxidant-antioxidant parameters were determined by colorimetric and ELISA methods. The results indicated that LPS augmented the protein levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β cytokines as well as the mRNA levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, and IL-10 cytokines in in PBMCs. However, pretreatment with RA could reduce the impact of LPS on inflammatory markers. In addition, RA inhibited P65-NF-κB and JNK phosphorylation. LPS also caused a decrease in antioxidant enzymes, total thiol, and total antioxidant capacity as well as an increment in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide metabolite contents that RA abrogated them. Collectively, our finding demonstrated that RA ameliorates LPS-induced inflammation in PBMCs. RA reduces oxidative stress by preventing lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide production as well as restarting the activity of the GPx and SOD enzymes. Furthermore, our findings indicated that RA was able to protect PBMCs from inflammation via inhibiting the NF-κB and JNK MAPK pathways. This evidence shows a promising therapeutic role for RA in inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asie Sadeghi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Bastin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghahremani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Doustimotlagh
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
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Zheng C, Song B, Duan Y, Zhong Y, Yan Z, Zhang S, Li F. Dietary β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate improves intestinal function in weaned piglets after lipopolysaccharide challenge. Nutrition 2020; 78:110839. [PMID: 32540677 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on intestinal function of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged piglets. METHODS Forty weaned piglets were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design. The major factors were challenge (saline or LPS) and diet (basal diet or 0.6% HMB-Ca diet). After 15 d of treatment with LPS or HMB, blood and intestine samples were obtained. RESULTS The results showed that in LPS-injected pigs, HMB supplementation significantly increased jejunal villus height and ileal villus height-to-crypt depth ratio and decreased ileal crypt depth (P < 0.05). HMB also improved intestinal function indicated by elevated activities of intestinal mucosal disaccharidase and tricarboxylic acid cycle key enzymes. Furthermore, HMB significantly downregulated mRNA expression of Sirt1 in jejunum and mRNA expression of AMPKα1 and Sirt1 in ileum (P < 0.05), with a concurrent decrease of AMPKα phosphorylation in jejunum and ileum. Microbiota analysis indicated that HMB supplementation significantly increased α-diversity and affected relative abundances of Romboutsia and Sarcina at the genus level, accompanied by increased concentrations of all short-chain fatty acids except propionate in the terminate ileum of LPS-injected piglets. CONCLUSION Dietary HMB supplementation could improve intestinal integrity, function, microbiota communities, and short-chain fatty acid concentrations in LPS-challenged piglets, suggesting its potential usage as a feed additive in weaned piglets to alleviate intestinal dysfunction triggered by immune stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Song
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China.
| | - Yinzhao Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaoming Yan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Fengna Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS; Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan, China
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46
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Domscheit H, Hegeman MA, Carvalho N, Spieth PM. Molecular Dynamics of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lung Injury in Rodents. Front Physiol 2020; 11:36. [PMID: 32116752 PMCID: PMC7012903 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common disease entity in critical care medicine and is still associated with a high mortality. Because of the heterogeneous character of ARDS, animal models are an insturment to study pathology in relatively standardized conditions. Rodent models can bridge the gap from in vitro investigations to large animal and clinical trials by facilitating large sample sizes under physiological conditions at comparatively low costs. One of the most commonly used rodent models of acute lung inflammation and ARDS is administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), either into the airways (direct, pulmonary insult) or systemically (indirect, extra-pulmonary insult). This narrative review discusses the dynamics of important pathophysiological pathways contributing to the physiological response to LPS-induced injury. Pathophysiological pathways of LPS-induced lung injury are not only influenced by the type of the primary insult (e.g., pulmonary or extra-pulmonary) and presence of additional stimuli (e.g., mechanical ventilation), but also by time. As such, findings in animal models of LPS-induced lung injury may depend on the time point at which samples are obtained and physiological data are captured. This review summarizes the current evidence and highlights uncertainties on the molecular dynamics of LPS-induced lung injury in rodent models, encouraging researchers to take accurate timing of LPS-induced injury into account when designing experimental trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Domscheit
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria A Hegeman
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology (L∙E∙I∙C∙A), Department of Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Educational Consultancy and Professional Development, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Niedja Carvalho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter M Spieth
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Stenlo M, Hyllén S, Silva IAN, Bölükbas DA, Pierre L, Hallgren O, Wagner DE, Lindstedt S. Increased particle flow rate from airways precedes clinical signs of ARDS in a porcine model of LPS-induced acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L510-L517. [PMID: 31994907 PMCID: PMC7191636 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00524.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common cause of death in the intensive care unit, with mortality rates of ~30-40%. To reduce invasive diagnostics such as bronchoalveolar lavage and time-consuming in-hospital transports for imaging diagnostics, we hypothesized that particle flow rate (PFR) pattern from the airways could be an early detection method and contribute to improving diagnostics and optimizing personalized therapies. Porcine models were ventilated mechanically. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered endotracheally and in the pulmonary artery to induce ARDS. PFR was measured using a customized particles in exhaled air (PExA 2.0) device. In contrast to control animals undergoing mechanical ventilation and receiving saline administration, animals who received LPS developed ARDS according to clinical guidelines and histologic assessment. Plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-6 increased significantly compared with baseline after 120 and 180 min, respectively. On the other hand, the PFR significantly increased and peaked 60 min after LPS administration, i.e., ~30 min before any ARDS stage was observed with other well-established outcome measurements such as hypoxemia, increased inspiratory pressure, and lower tidal volumes or plasma cytokine levels. The present results imply that PFR could be used to detect early biomarkers or as a clinical indicator for the onset of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stenlo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Cardiothoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Snejana Hyllén
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Cardiothoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Iran A N Silva
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Deniz A Bölükbas
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Leif Pierre
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Cardiothoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hallgren
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sandra Lindstedt
- Department of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Cardiothoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Xu Y, Mao H, Yang C, Du H, Wang H, Tu J. Effects of chitosan nanoparticle supplementation on growth performance, humoral immunity, gut microbiota and immune responses after lipopolysaccharide challenge in weaned pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:597-605. [PMID: 31891214 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) on growth performance, immune status, gut microbiota and immune responses after lipopolysaccharide challenge in weaned pigs. A total of 144 piglets were assigned to four groups receiving different dietary treatments, including basal diets supplemented with 0, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg CNP fed for 28 days. Each treatment group included six pens (six piglets per pen). The increase in supplemental CNP concentration improved the average daily gain (ADG) and decreased the feed and gain (F/G) and diarrhoea rate (p < .05). However, significant differences in the average daily feed intake (ADFI) among different CNP concentrations were not observed. CNP also increased plasma immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG, and C3 and C4 concentrations in piglets in a dose-dependent manner on day 28, whereas IgM concentration was not affected by CNP. A total of 24 piglets in the control diet and control diet with 400 mg/kg CNP supplementation groups were randomly selected for the experiment of immunological stress. Half of the pigs in each group (n = 6) were injected i.p. with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a concentration of 100 μg/kg. The other pigs in each group were injected with sterile saline solution at the same volume. Plasma concentrations of cortisol, prostaglandin E2 (PEG2), interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-1β dramatically increased after LPS challenge. However, CNP inhibited the increase in cortisol, PEG2, IL-6 and IL-1β levels in plasma, whereas TNF-α level slightly increased. Moreover, the effects of CNP on the gut microbiota were also evaluated. Our results showed that dietary supplementation with CNP modified the composition of colonic microbiota, where it increased the amounts of some presumably beneficial intestinal bacteria and suppressed the growth of potential bacterial pathogens. These findings suggested CNP supplementation improved the growth performance and immune status, alleviated immunological stress and regulated intestinal ecology in weaned piglets. Based on these beneficial effects, CNP could be applied as a functional feed additives supplemented in piglets diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Mao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huahua Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jue Tu
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Kpodo KR, Duttlinger AW, Radcliffe JS, Johnson JS. Time course determination of the effects of rapid and gradual cooling after acute hyperthermia on body temperature and intestinal integrity in pigs. J Therm Biol 2019; 87:102481. [PMID: 32001015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid cooling after acute hyperthermia may cause a sustained increase in body temperature and exacerbate intestinal damage in pigs. Therefore, the study objective was to evaluate the temporal effects of rapid and gradual cooling on body temperature response and intestinal integrity after acute hyperthermia in pigs. In three repetitions, 54 pigs [83.3 ± 6.7 kg initial body weight (BW)], balanced by sex were exposed to thermoneutral conditions for 6 h (TN; n = 6 pigs/repetition; 21.1 ± 2.0°C), or heat stress conditions (HS; 39.3 ± 1.6°C) for 3 h, followed by a 3 h recovery period of gradual cooling [HSGC; n = 6 pigs/repetition; gradual decrease from HS to TN conditions] or rapid cooling [HSRC; n = 6 pigs/repetition; rapid TN exposure and cold water (4.0°C) dousing every 30 min for 1.5 h]. Feed was withheld throughout the entire 6 h period, but water was provided ad libitum. Gastrointestinal (TGI) and rectal (TR) temperatures were recorded every 15 min during the HS and recovery periods. Six pigs per repetition (n = 2/treatment) were euthanized and jejunal and ileal samples were collected for histology immediately after (d 0), 2 d after, and 4 d after the recovery period. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS 9.4. Overall, rapid cooling reduced TR and TGI (P < 0.01; 0.95°C and 0.74°C, respectively) compared to gradual cooling. Jejunal villus height was reduced overall (P = 0.02; 14.01%) in HSGC compared to HSRC and TN pigs. Jejunal villus height-to-crypt depth ratio was reduced overall (P = 0.05; 16.76%) in HSGC compared to TN pigs. Ileal villus height was reduced overall (P < 0.01; 16.95%) in HSGC compared to HSRC and TN pigs. No other intestinal morphology differences were detected. In summary, HSRC did not cause a sustained increase in body temperature and did not negatively impact biomarkers of intestinal integrity in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouassi R Kpodo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; USDA-ARS Livestock Behavior Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Alan W Duttlinger
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; USDA-ARS Livestock Behavior Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - John S Radcliffe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jay S Johnson
- USDA-ARS Livestock Behavior Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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50
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Jin M, Pan T, Tocher DR, Betancor MB, Monroig Ó, Shen Y, Zhu T, Sun P, Jiao L, Zhou Q. Dietary choline supplementation attenuated high-fat diet-induced inflammation through regulation of lipid metabolism and suppression of NFκB activation in juvenile black seabream ( Acanthopagrus schlegelii). J Nutr Sci 2019; 8:e38. [PMID: 32042405 PMCID: PMC6984006 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2019.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether dietary choline can regulate lipid metabolism and suppress NFκB activation and, consequently, attenuate inflammation induced by a high-fat diet in black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii). An 8-week feeding trial was conducted on fish with an initial weight of 8·16 ± 0·01 g. Five diets were formulated: control, low-fat diet (11 %); HFD, high-fat diet (17 %); and HFD supplemented with graded levels of choline (3, 6 or 12 g/kg) termed HFD + C1, HFD + C2 and HFD + C3, respectively. Dietary choline decreased lipid content in whole body and tissues. Highest TAG and cholesterol concentrations in serum and liver were recorded in fish fed the HFD. Similarly, compared with fish fed the HFD, dietary choline reduced vacuolar fat drops and ameliorated HFD-induced pathological changes in liver. Expression of genes of lipolysis pathways were up-regulated, and genes of lipogenesis down-regulated, by dietary choline compared with fish fed the HFD. Expression of nfκb and pro-inflammatory cytokines in liver and intestine was suppressed by choline supplementation, whereas expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines was promoted in fish fed choline-supplemented diets. In fish that received lipopolysaccharide to stimulate inflammatory responses, the expression of nfκb and pro-inflammatory cytokines in liver, intestine and kidney were all down-regulated by dietary choline compared with the HFD. Overall, the present study indicated that dietary choline had a lipid-lowering effect, which could protect the liver by regulating intrahepatic lipid metabolism, reducing lipid droplet accumulation and suppressing NFκB activation, consequently attenuating HFD-induced inflammation in A. schlegelii.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Choline
- HFD + C1, HFD + choline (3 g/kg)
- HFD + C2, HFD + choline (6 g/kg)
- HFD + C3, HFD + choline (12 g/kg)
- HFD, high-fat diet
- High-fat diets
- Inflammation
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- Lipid metabolism
- NFκB
- accα, acetyl-CoA carboxylase α
- cpt1a, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a
- fas, fatty acid synthase
- hsl, hormone-sensitive lipase
- qPCR, quantitative PCR
- srebp-1, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1
- tgfβ-1, transforming growth factor β-1
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jin
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Pan
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Douglas R. Tocher
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, StirlingFK9 4LA, UK
| | - Mónica B. Betancor
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, StirlingFK9 4LA, UK
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Yuedong Shen
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Sun
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Lefei Jiao
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Qicun Zhou
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, People's Republic of China
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