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Abd-Elrahman SM, Dyab AK, Kamel FA, Khedr AA, Khalifa MM, Mohamed SM, Abdel-Hakeem SS. Assessment of cattle tick infestation: Molecular insights into Rhipicephalus annulatus and the efficacy of garlic oil and nanoemulsion as acaricidal agents. Vet Parasitol 2024; 329:110211. [PMID: 38772086 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Ticks, particularly Rhipicephalus annulatus, pose significant threats to livestock, causing economic losses and transmitting various infectious diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the potential acaricidal properties of garlic oil and its nanoemulsion against ticks infesting cattle, Rhipicephalus annulatus through the evaluation of mortality rate and morphological changes of the treated ticks. The study also included prevalence, risk factors, and molecular confirmation of tick species. Genetic characterization confirmed the identity of R. annulatus. Our results revealed a high prevalence of R. annulatus (46.9%) with a higher risk in male cattle (50%) than females (44.9%) and a nonsignificant high infection (49.1%) in animals ≤ 1 year old. The acaricidal efficiency of garlic oil and its nanoemulsion was concentration and time-dependent. The high concentration of garlic oil (20 mg/L) induced complete mortality within 48 hours. The nanoemulsion formulation enhanced efficacy, particularly at 5 mg/L, which exhibited rapid and substantial acaricidal activity. Scanning electron microscopy revealed morphological alterations induced by garlic oil and its nanoemulsion, including changes to the anterior capitulum, dorsal, and ventral cuticles. The study contributes to the exploration of effective, safe, and eco-friendly alternatives for tick control. Further research is warranted to validate their efficacy under diverse conditions and assess practical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Kamal Dyab
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; Department of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Assiut, New Nasser City, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Fatma Atea Kamel
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt.
| | - Abeer A Khedr
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, New Valley, El-Khargah 72511, Egypt.
| | - Mervat M Khalifa
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut 71515, Egypt.
| | - Shaymaa M Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Asyut 71515, Egypt.
| | - Sara Salah Abdel-Hakeem
- Parasitology Laboratory, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
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Khater HF, Bazh EKA, Gawad SA, Selim A, Taie HAA, Radwan IT, Moustafa SA, Megahed AA, Baz MM, Kandeel SA. Acaricidal Efficacy of Thirty-Five Egyptian Plants Against the Camel Tick, Hyalomma Dromedarii. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:1231-1243. [PMID: 38671280 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alternative and affordable tick control strategies are crucial to control and prevent tick bites and tick-borne diseases. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the acaricidal efficacy of 35 aqueous plant extracts (17%) against the camel tick, Hyalomma dromedarii. RESULTS The phytochemical profile indicated the presence of various secondary substances. Plants were classified into three groups according to their mortality percentage 15 days post-treatment with 17%. This highly effective group (91%-95%) comprised Ocimum basilicum, Mespilus germanica, and Viola alpine followed by Carum carvi, Cucurbita pepo (peel), and Peganum harmala. A moderately effective group (80%-90%) included Acacia nilotica, Apium graveolens, Capsicum annuum, Ceratonia siliqua, Cucurbita pepo (seeds), Equisetum arvense, Eruca sativa, Ginkgo biloba, Plantago psyllium, Phyllanthus emblica, Punica granatum, and Ziziphus spinachristi. The 20 remaining plants were assigned to the less effective group (< 80%). Viscum album (58.3%), which was the least effective reference plant. The high potency of six plant extracts as acaricides may be attributed to the high content of active principles, e.g., phenols, flavonoids, and tannins. CONCLUSION All of these highly effective plants are recommended for use as an acaricide, in case of facing acaricidal resistance or limited options for tick control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanem F Khater
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Qalyubiya, Egypt.
| | - Eman K A Bazh
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menofia University, Shebin Al-Kom, 32511, Egypt
| | - Samah Abdel Gawad
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Qalyubiya, Egypt
| | - Abdelfattah Selim
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Qalyubiya, Egypt
| | - Hanan A A Taie
- Plant Biochemistry Department, Agricultural and Biology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim T Radwan
- Supplementary General Sciences Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shawky A Moustafa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Ameer A Megahed
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
- Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Baz
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Sahar A Kandeel
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Qalyubiya, Egypt.
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Islam MS, Haque MS, You MJ. Comparative analysis of essential oil efficacy against the Asian longhorned tick Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae). PARASITES, HOSTS AND DISEASES 2024; 62:217-225. [PMID: 38835262 DOI: 10.3347/phd.23097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the potential repellent and acaricidal effects of 4 essential oils (clove, eucalyptus, lavender, and mint) against the Asian longhorned tick Haemaphysalis longicornis, a vector of various tick-borne diseases in medical and veterinary contexts. Selected for their potential repellent and acaricidal properties, the 4 essential oils were tested on adult and nymph H. longicornis ticks at different concentrations. The experiment assessed mortality rates and repellency, particularly during tick attachment to host skin. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in tick mortality and repellency scores across all groups. At a 1% concentration, adult tick mortality ranged from 36% to 86%, while nymph mortality ranged from 6% to 97%. Clove oil exhibited notable efficacy, demonstrating high mortality rates of nymphs and adults. Clove oil also displayed strong repellency properties, with a repellency index of 0.05, surpassing those of mint, eucalyptus, and lavender oils. Clove oil showed the highest effectiveness in deterring nonattached adult ticks (90%) and nymphs (95%) when applied to skin. Clove oil was the most effective against adult and nymph ticks, achieving mortality rates of 86% and 97%, respectively, and led to the highest nonattachment rates when applied to skin. In conclusion, essential oils such as clove, eucalyptus, lavender, and mint oils present promising results for tick population control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saiful Islam
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Specialized Campus, Iksan 54596, Korea
- Department of Medicine Surgery & Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Md Samiul Haque
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Specialized Campus, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Myung-Jo You
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Specialized Campus, Iksan 54596, Korea
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Koc S, Gultekin ZN, Kahraman S, Cengiz A, Polat B, Caliskan C, Tufan-Cetin O, Cetin H. Larvicidal and repellent effects of essential oils on the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus Sensu lato) with description of new larval repellent activity test method. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2024; 92:263-273. [PMID: 38351234 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00892-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the larvicidal and repellent effects of essential oils (EOs) obtained from two Lamiaceae plant species, Origanum minutiflorum O. Schwarz & P.H. Davis and Dorystoechas hastata Boiss. & Heldr. ex Bentham, both endemic to Turkey, on Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. Latreille (Acari: Ixodidae). The study also introduces a new test method that can be used to assess the repellent effects against ticks. Both plant EOs exhibited the highest larvicidal activity against brown dog tick larvae after 24 h and LC50 and LC90 values were determined as 0.101% and 0.125% for O. minutiflorum essential oil and 0.937% and 2.1% for D. hastata essential oil, respectively. In this study, we have described a detailed protocol for a novel larval repellent activity test (LRAT) for essential oils and extracts, using simple equipment. The advantages and limitations of LRAT, when compared to other tests commonly used to determine repellent effect against ticks, are also included in this study. The LRAT was developed with modifications of the larval immersion test (LIT) and proves to be a highly efficient and easily observable method. It can be used to test any active substance that may be toxic to humans and animals. According to the LRAT, at the end of 3 h, O. minutiflorum essential oil showed a high repellent effect, varying between 84.14% and 100% at 1% concentration. This result was not statistically different from the DEET, the positive control. When comparing the larvicidal and repellent activities, O. minutiflorum essential oil was found to be more effective than D. hastata essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samed Koc
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
- Laboratory Animals Application and Research Centre, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Zeynep Nur Gultekin
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Sevval Kahraman
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Cengiz
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Burak Polat
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Cansu Caliskan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ozge Tufan-Cetin
- Department of Environmental Protection Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Cetin
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Zaheer T, Abbas RZ, Rehman TU, Khan MK, Arshad MI. Novel insights regarding the safety and efficacy of pyrethroid-coated nanoparticles against Hyalomma ticks. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:148-163. [PMID: 37749898 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2263545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been shown to inhibit major life cycle stages of ticks, indicative of the promising application of nanomaterials against hard ticks. The study thus probed into one of the alternative options to curtail Hyalomma by employing nanocomposites consisting of pyrethroids (cypermethrin and deltamethrin) coated nanoparticles of iron oxides and iron sulfides keeping alongside the evaluation of their toxicity through plant and mammalian cell lines. The nanoparticles used in this study were roughly spherical in morphology and exhibited various size dimensions upon characterization using SEM, EDX, and FTIR. The application of nanomaterials on female ovipositioning tick showed a decline up to 15% (females ovipositioned) in deltamethrin-coated FeO NPs, whereas this decline was up to 18% in Cyp-FeS NPs and up to 5% in Cyp-FeO NPs. Similarly, the larval hatching was also impacted, leading to a hatching percentage of 5% and only 1% by application of Cyp-FeS NPs and Cyp-FeO NPs, respectively. Similarly, the larval groups had LC90 of 4.1 and 4.73 mg/L for the Cyp-FeO NPs and Cyp-FeS NPs groups. The delta-FeO NPs and delta-FeS NPs demonstrated a promising effect against adult ticks, showing LC50= 3.5 mg/L, LC90= 6.7 mg/L and LC50= 3.8 mg/L, LC90= 7.9 mg/L, respectively. MTT assay revealed that the pyrethroids coupled with iron oxide nanoparticles showed the least cytotoxicity even at the highest concentration (10-1 µL) among other nanomaterials. The study thus concluded a safer spectrum of non-target effects of pyrethroids-coated nanomaterials in addition to their significant anti-tick activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tean Zaheer
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rao Zahid Abbas
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tauseef Ur Rehman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Bava R, Castagna F, Lupia C, Ruga S, Conforti F, Marrelli M, Argentieri MP, Musella V, Britti D, Statti G, Palma E. Phytochemical Composition and Pharmacological Efficacy Evaluation of Calamintha nepeta, Calamintha sylvatica, Lavandula austroapennina and Mentha piperita Essential Oils for the Control of Honeybee ( Apis mellifera) Varroosis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:69. [PMID: 38200800 PMCID: PMC10778109 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Varroa destructor is currently considered the parasite that causes the greatest damage and economic losses to honeybee farms. Its presence is often associated with that of viral and bacterial pathogens, which ultimately leads to colony collapse. Careful control of the parasitic load is therefore necessary to avoid the onset of these events. Although chemical treatments are often in easily and quickly administered formulations, in recent years, there have been increasingly frequent reports of the onset of drug resistance phenomena, which must lead to reconsidering their use. Furthermore, chemical compounds can easily accumulate in the food matrices of the hive, with possible risks for the final consumer. In such a condition, it is imperative to find alternative treatment solutions. Essential oils (EOs) prove to be promising candidates due to their good efficacy and good environmental biodegradability. In this study, the acaricidal efficacy of the EOs of Calamintha sylvatica Bromf., Calamintha nepeta Savi, Lavandula austroapennina N.G. Passal. Tundis & Upson and Mentha piperita L., extracted from botanical species belonging to the Lamiaceae family, was evaluated. The test chosen for the evaluation was residual toxicity by contact. The examined EOs were diluted in Acetone to a concentration of 2, 1 and 0.5 mg/mL. At the highest concentration, the EOs demonstrated an acaricidal activity equal to 52% for C. nepeta, 60% for C. sylvatica, 80% for L. austroapennina and 68% for M. piperita. Of the EOs tested, therefore, Lavender proves to be a good candidate for subsequent evaluations in semi-field and field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bava
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Fabio Castagna
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
- Mediterranean Ethnobotanical Conservatory, 88054 Sersale, CZ, Italy
| | - Carmine Lupia
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
- Mediterranean Ethnobotanical Conservatory, 88054 Sersale, CZ, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Filomena Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (F.C.); (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Mariangela Marrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (F.C.); (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Maria Pia Argentieri
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, BA, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Musella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Giancarlo Statti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (F.C.); (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FISH), University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
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Coulibaly A, Biguezoton AS, Hema DM, Dah FF, Sawadogo I, Bationo RK, Compaoré M, Kiendrebeogo M, Nébié RCH. Evaluation of synergism in essential oils against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus in Burkina Faso. Exp Parasitol 2023; 255:108643. [PMID: 37949426 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus affects animal production economically by reducing weight gain and milk production and causing diseases, such as babesiosis and anaplasmosis. Using synthetic acaricides to reduce their incidence has caused the emergence of resistant tick populations. The present study aimed to assess the in vitro acaricidal activity of combinations of essential oils (EOs) from Ocimum americanum, Ocimum gratissimum, and Lippia multiflora against R. microplus larvae. In fact, numerous biological properties have been reported on EOs from these three plants, including acaricidal properties. Hence, a larval immersion test was performed using a population of R. microplus resistant to synthetic acaricides used in Burkina Faso. Results revealed that EO from O. gratissimum was the most effective on R. microplus larvae with LC50 and LC90 values at 10.36 and 15.51 mg/mL, respectively. For EO combinations, the most significant synergistic effect was obtained by combination 6 (1/3 O. americanum + 2/3 O. gratissimum +1/6 L. multiflora), with a combination index value of 0.44. All combinations presented dose reduction index >1, indicating a favorable dose reduction. According to the literature, this is the first study to determine the combination effect of EOs from the abovementioned plants in controlling R. microplus activity in vitro. Thus, the combination of these EOs is an alternative to control the resistant populations of invasive cattle ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anass Coulibaly
- National Centre for Scientific and Technological Research (CNRST)/IRSAT, Natural Substances Department, 03 BP 7047 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso; Vector-Borne Diseases and Biodiversity Unit (UMaVeB), International Research and Development Centre on Livestock in Sub-humid Areas (CIRDES), 454 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso; Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Chimie Appliquées (LA.BIO.CA), UFR/SVT, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 09 BP 848 Ouagadougou 09, Burkina Faso.
| | - Abel S Biguezoton
- Vector-Borne Diseases and Biodiversity Unit (UMaVeB), International Research and Development Centre on Livestock in Sub-humid Areas (CIRDES), 454 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Delphine M Hema
- National Centre for Scientific and Technological Research (CNRST)/IRSAT, Natural Substances Department, 03 BP 7047 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso; Vector-Borne Diseases and Biodiversity Unit (UMaVeB), International Research and Development Centre on Livestock in Sub-humid Areas (CIRDES), 454 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso; Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Chimie Appliquées (LA.BIO.CA), UFR/SVT, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 09 BP 848 Ouagadougou 09, Burkina Faso
| | - Firmin F Dah
- Vector-Borne Diseases and Biodiversity Unit (UMaVeB), International Research and Development Centre on Livestock in Sub-humid Areas (CIRDES), 454 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Ignace Sawadogo
- National Centre for Scientific and Technological Research (CNRST)/IRSAT, Natural Substances Department, 03 BP 7047 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Rémy K Bationo
- National Centre for Scientific and Technological Research (CNRST)/IRSAT, Natural Substances Department, 03 BP 7047 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Moussa Compaoré
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Chimie Appliquées (LA.BIO.CA), UFR/SVT, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 09 BP 848 Ouagadougou 09, Burkina Faso
| | - Martin Kiendrebeogo
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Chimie Appliquées (LA.BIO.CA), UFR/SVT, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 09 BP 848 Ouagadougou 09, Burkina Faso
| | - Roger C H Nébié
- National Centre for Scientific and Technological Research (CNRST)/IRSAT, Natural Substances Department, 03 BP 7047 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
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Gonzaga BCF, Barrozo MM, Coutinho AL, Pereira E Sousa LJM, Vale FL, Marreto L, Marchesini P, de Castro Rodrigues D, de Souza EDF, Sabatini GA, Costa-Júnior LM, Ferreira LL, Lopes WDZ, Monteiro C. Essential oils and isolated compounds for tick control: advances beyond the laboratory. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:415. [PMID: 37964392 PMCID: PMC10647118 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05969-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tick control is a worldwide challenge due to its resistance to acaricides. Essential oils (EOs) and isolated compounds (EOCs) are potential alternatives for tick control technologies. METHODS A review with EOs and EOCs, under field and semi-field conditions, was performed based on Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases. Thirty-one studies published between 1991 and 2022 were selected. The search was performed using the following keywords: "essential oil" combined with "tick," "Ixodes," "Argas," "Rhipicephalus," "Amblyomma," "Hyalomma," "Dermacentor," "Haemaphysalis" and "Ornithodoros." The words "essential oil" and "tick" were searched in the singular and plural. RESULTS The number of studies increased over the years. Brazil stands out with the largest number (51.6%) of publications. The most studied tick species were Rhipicephalus microplus (48.4%), Ixodes scapularis (19.4%), Amblyomma americanum and R. sanguineus sensu lato (9.7% each). Cattle (70%) and dogs (13%) were the main target animal species. Regarding the application of EOs/EOCs formulations, 74% of the studies were conducted with topical application (spray, pour-on, foam, drop) and 26% with environmental treatment (spray). Efficacy results are difficult to evaluate because of the lack of information on the methodology and standardization. The nanotechnology and combination with synthetic acaricides were reported as an alternative to enhance the efficacy of EOs/EOCs. No adverse reactions were observed in 86.6% of the studies evaluating EOs/EOCs clinical safety. Studies regarding toxicity in non-target species and residues are scarce. CONCLUSIONS This article provides a comprehensive review on the use of EOs and EOCs to reduce tick infestations, in both the hosts and the environment. As future directions, we recommend the chemical characterization of EOs, methodology standardization, combination of EOs/EOCs with potential synergists, nanotechnology for new formulations and safety studies for target and non-target organisms, also considering the environmental friendliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno César Ferreira Gonzaga
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brasil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Colemar Natal e Silva, Rua 235, s/n, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brasil
| | - Mayara Macêdo Barrozo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brasil
| | - Ana Lúcia Coutinho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brasil
| | - Lainny Jordana Martins Pereira E Sousa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brasil
| | - Francisca Letícia Vale
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brasil
| | - Laís Marreto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas - Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Praça Universitária, no. 1166, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, GO, 74605-220, Brasil
| | - Paula Marchesini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Lívio Martins Costa-Júnior
- Centro de Pesquisas do CCBS, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, no. 1966, São Luís, MA, 65080-805, Brasil
| | - Lorena Lopes Ferreira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva - Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, no. 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brasil
| | - Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brasil
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia - Instituto de Patologia Tropical e de Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás-, Campus Colemar Natal e Silva - Rua 235, s/n - Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brasil
| | - Caio Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brasil.
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia - Instituto de Patologia Tropical e de Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás-, Campus Colemar Natal e Silva - Rua 235, s/n - Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brasil.
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Martins VDC, Marchesini P, Duque L, França LP, Ferreira YDS, Souza MDC, Monteiro C, Godoy RLDO, de Carvalho MG. Acaricidal activity of a 2-methoxy-clovan-9-ol rich fraction from Eugenia copacabanensis (Myrtaceae) extract on Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Exp Parasitol 2023; 253:108604. [PMID: 37634843 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Rhipicephalus microplus (Ixodidae, canestrini, 1888) is an invasive ectoparasite of cattle which causes high economic losses in emerging countries such as Brazil. Phytochemical compounds have been tested as an alternative to synthetic acaricides due to potentially lower mammalian toxicity. This study evaluated the acaricidal activity against R. microplus of the 2-methoxy-clovan-9-ol rich fraction obtained from Eugenia copacabanensis Kiaersk.leaves, a little known Myrtaceae species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. This fraction was obtained by maceration with methanol, partition with n-hexane and purification by normal-phase column chromatography. GC-MS, 1H and 13C NMR and IR analysis contributed to the identification of a major compound as the sesquiterpene 2-methoxy-clovan-9-ol, reported for the first time for the Myrtaceae family. The fraction was tested against R. microplus unfed larvae and engorged females and a 93% larval mortality was observed at the concentration of 50 mg mL-1. Lower concentrations of the solution tested demonstrated a significant difference in egg mass weight, hatching and control percentage. Experiments with 50.0 mg mL-1 showed significative results, with lower concentration and maximum efficacy for both assays. The IC50 values for unfed larvae and engorged females were 21.76 and 11.13 mg mL-1, respectively. These results were similar to those obtained in other studies with isolated botanical compounds and essential oils. The lower IC50 for engorged females than for unfed R. microplus larvae had also been described for other plant materials, including plants from the same Myrtaceae family. The present result suggested different mechanisms of action of the compound on the reproductive biology of engorged females, improving its effect against egg viability. These results are important for tick control, suggesting that 2-methoxy-clovan-9-ol could be a potential natural acaricidal product against both R. microplus unfed larvae and engorged females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor de Carvalho Martins
- Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR-465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil; Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UFRRJ, BR-465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil; Laboratory of Liquid Chromatography, Embrapa Food Technology, Avenida das Américas, 29501, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 23020-470, Brazil.
| | - Paula Marchesini
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, UFRRJ, BR-465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Lívia Duque
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Animal Behavior and Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, Juiz de Fora, Mg, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Liliana Princisval França
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UFRRJ, BR-465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Yasmim da Silva Ferreira
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UFRRJ, BR-465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo da Costa Souza
- RBR Herbarium, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, UFRRJ, BR-465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Caio Monteiro
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Avenida, Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Ronoel Luiz de Oliveira Godoy
- Laboratory of Liquid Chromatography, Embrapa Food Technology, Avenida das Américas, 29501, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 23020-470, Brazil
| | - Mario Geraldo de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UFRRJ, BR-465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil
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Medeiros MT, Campos DR, Soares EFMS, Assis JD'D, Oliveira GFD, Santos LDO, Silva TME, Silva MPD, Cid YP, Scott FB, Comendouros K. Larvicidal activity in vitro of essential oils against Cochliomyia hominivorax. Vet Parasitol 2023; 322:110020. [PMID: 37683367 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.110020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Cochliomyia hominivorax, from the family Calliphoridae, is responsible for causing most myiases in domesticated animals in Brazil. As alternatives to conventional treatments, essential oils (EOs) could possibly be used as natural control of ectoparasites. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of EOs from Salvia sclarea L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Lavandula hybrida Reverchon, Citrus bergamia Risso, Citrus paradisi L., Juniperus virginiana L., Copaifera reticulata Ducke, Illicium verum Hook f., Pelargonium roseum, Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt, Cymbopogon flexuosus Steud, Eugenia caryophyllus Spreng, Cinnamomum cassia Presl, Thymus vulgaris L. and Origanum vulgare L. against third-instar larvae of C. hominivorax. To evaluate the mortality rate, filter paper tests were performed at different concentrations and verified after 24 h and 48 h. Essential oils of T. vulgaris, O. vulgare and I. verum induced 100% mortality in the screening test, and their main active components (thymol, carvacrol and anethol, respectively) were also tested alone. In this new test, lethal concentrations (LC50) after 24 h and 48 h, respectively, were 407.1 and 314.2 µg.cm-² for T. vulgaris, 540.9 and 253.8 µg.cm-² for O. vulgare, 314.2 µg.cm-² (after 48 h) for I. verum, 255.6 and 102.3 µg.cm-² for thymol, 970.5 and 931.1 µg.cm-2 for carvacrol and 559.4 µg.cm-2 (after 48 h) for anethol. These results showed the potential of these EOs and their main components for development of ectoparasiticides for veterinary use, especially T. vulgaris EO and thymol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Taveira Medeiros
- Laboratory of Experimental Chemotherapy in Veterinary Parasitology (LQEPV), Department of Animal Parasitology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, 23890-000 Seropedica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diefrey Ribeiro Campos
- Laboratory of Experimental Chemotherapy in Veterinary Parasitology (LQEPV), Department of Animal Parasitology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, 23890-000 Seropedica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Fellipe Melo Santos Soares
- Laboratory of Experimental Chemotherapy in Veterinary Parasitology (LQEPV), Department of Animal Parasitology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, 23890-000 Seropedica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica D 'avilla de Assis
- Laboratory of Experimental Chemotherapy in Veterinary Parasitology (LQEPV), Department of Animal Parasitology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, 23890-000 Seropedica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Ferreira de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Chemotherapy in Veterinary Parasitology (LQEPV), Department of Animal Parasitology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, 23890-000 Seropedica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Larissa de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratory of Experimental Chemotherapy in Veterinary Parasitology (LQEPV), Department of Animal Parasitology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, 23890-000 Seropedica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Taynara Monsores E Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Chemotherapy in Veterinary Parasitology (LQEPV), Department of Animal Parasitology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, 23890-000 Seropedica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mathias Pittizer da Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Chemotherapy in Veterinary Parasitology (LQEPV), Department of Animal Parasitology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, 23890-000 Seropedica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Yara Peluso Cid
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Health and Biological Science Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, 23897-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabio Barbour Scott
- Laboratory of Experimental Chemotherapy in Veterinary Parasitology (LQEPV), Department of Animal Parasitology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, 23890-000 Seropedica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Katherina Comendouros
- Laboratory of Experimental Chemotherapy in Veterinary Parasitology (LQEPV), Department of Animal Parasitology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 7, 23890-000 Seropedica, RJ, Brazil
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11
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Abbas A, Abbas RZ, Raza MA, ur Rehman T, Saeed MA. Editorial: Novel and alternative therapeutic agents for controlling infectious diseases of poultry. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1232983. [PMID: 37483292 PMCID: PMC10362390 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1232983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Abbas
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Rao Zahid Abbas
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Raza
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Tauseef ur Rehman
- Department of Parasitology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azeem Saeed
- School of Medicine, Section of Immunology, Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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Zaheer T, Abbas RZ, Perveen N, Sparagano OA, Khan SR, Rehman TU, Raza A, Khan MK, Arshad MI. Application of Cypermethrin-Coated ZnS and ZnO Nanoparticles against Rhipicephalus Ticks. Pathogens 2023; 12:807. [PMID: 37375497 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhipicephalus ticks are described as important ticks impacting the costs of livestock rearing and by-products sale. The prevalence and response of ticks towards cypermethrin sprays indicate the need to implement the rational use of acaricides. In our previous studies, ZnO nanoparticles were shown to inhibit the major life-cycle stages of Hyalomma ticks, indicative of promising application of nanomaterials against the hard ticks. The current study was designed to probe into one of alternative options to curtail Rhipicephalus ticks by employing cypermethrin-coated nanoparticles of ZnO (C-ZnO NPs) and ZnS (C-ZnS NPs). The nanocomposites showed a roughly spherical type of morphology and various size dimensions upon characterization using SEM and EDX. Female ovipositioning was declined up to only 48% in ZnS and up to 32% in ZnO NPs even after 28 days in vitro. Similarly, the larval hatching was also impacted, leading to a hatching percentage of 21% and 15% by application of C-ZnS NPs and C-ZnO NPs, respectively. The LC90 in female adult groups were 3.94 mg/L and 4.27 mg/L for the C-ZnO NPs and C-ZnS NPs groups, respectively. Similarly, the larval groups had LC90 of 8.63 and 8.95 mg/L for the C-ZnO NPs and C-ZnS NPs groups. The study is a proof of the concept for incorporating effective and safe nanocomposites as acaricides. The studies on the efficacy and spectrum of non-target effects of nanomaterial-based acaricides can further refine the research on finding novel alternatives for tick control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tean Zaheer
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rao Zahid Abbas
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nighat Perveen
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Olivier Andre Sparagano
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shanza Rauf Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Tauseef Ur Rehman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kasib Khan
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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Phytochemical Profile of Foeniculum vulgare Subsp. piperitum Essential Oils and Evaluation of Acaricidal Efficacy against Varroa destructor in Apis mellifera by In Vitro and Semi-Field Fumigation Tests. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9120684. [PMID: 36548845 PMCID: PMC9784571 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9120684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Varroatosis is an important parasitic disease of Apis mellifera caused by the mite Varroa destructor (V. destructor). The parasite is able to transmit numerous pathogens to honeybees which can lead to colony collapse. In recent years, the effectiveness of authorized drug products has decreased due to increasing resistance phenomena. Therefore, the search for alternatives to commercially available drugs is mandatory. In this context, essential oils (EOs) prove to be a promising choice to be studied for their known acaricide properties. In this research work, the acaricide activity of EO vapours isolated from the epigeal part (whole plant) of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare sbps. piperitum) and its three fractions (leaves, achenes and flowers) against V. destructor was evaluated. The effectiveness of fumigation was studied using two methods. The first involved prolonged exposure of mites to oil vapour for variable times. After exposure, the five mites in each replicate were placed in a Petri dish with an Apis mellifera larva. Mortality, due to chronic toxicity phenomena, was assessed after 48 h. The second method aimed to translate the results obtained from the in vitro test into a semi-field experiment. Therefore, two-level cages were set up. In the lower compartment of the cage, a material releasing oil vapours was placed; in the upper compartment, Varroa-infested honeybees were set. The results of the first method showed that the increase in mortality was directly proportional to exposure time and concentration. The whole plant returned 68% mortality at the highest concentration (2 mg/mL) and highest exposure time (48 h control), while the leaves, achenes and flowers returned 64%, 52% and 56% mortality, respectively. In the semi-field experiment, a concentration up to 20 times higher than the one used in the in vitro study was required for the whole plant to achieve a similar mite drop of >50%. The results of the study show that in vitro tests should only be used for preliminary screening of EO activity. In vitro tests should be followed by semi-field tests, which are essential to identify the threshold of toxicity to bees and the effective dose to be used in field studies.
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Bonnet SI, Vourc’h G, Raffetin A, Falchi A, Figoni J, Fite J, Hoch T, Moutailler S, Quillery E. The control of Hyalomma ticks, vectors of the Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus: Where are we now and where are we going? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010846. [PMCID: PMC9671348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
At a time of major global, societal, and environmental changes, the shifting distribution of pathogen vectors represents a real danger in certain regions of the world as generating opportunities for emergency. For example, the recent arrival of the Hyalomma marginatum ticks in southern France and the concurrent appearance of cases of Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF)—a disease vectored by this tick species—in neighboring Spain raises many concerns about the associated risks for the European continent. This context has created an urgent need for effective methods for control, surveillance, and risk assessment for ticks and tick-borne diseases with a particular concern regarding Hyalomma sp. Here, we then review the current body of knowledge on different methods of tick control—including chemical, biological, genetical, immunological, and ecological methods—and the latest developments in the field, with a focus on those that have been tested against ticks from the genus Hyalomma. In the absence of a fully and unique efficient approach, we demonstrated that integrated pest management combining several approaches adapted to the local context and species is currently the best strategy for tick control together with a rational use of acaricide. Continued efforts are needed to develop and implement new and innovative methods of tick control. Disease-bearing Hyalomma ticks are an increasingly emerging threat to humans and livestock worldwide. Various chemical, biological, genetic, and ecological methods for tick control have been developed, with variable efficiencies. Today, the best tick control strategy involves an integrated pest management approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah I. Bonnet
- Animal Health Department, INRAE, Nouzilly, France
- Ecology and Emergence of Arthropod-borne Pathogens Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 2000, Université Paris-cité, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Gwenaël Vourc’h
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
- Université de Lyon, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA, Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Alice Raffetin
- Reference Centre for Tick-Borne Diseases, Paris and Northern Region, Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, 40 allée de la Source, Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, France
- EA 7380 Dynamyc, UPEC, Créteil, France
- Unité de recherche EpiMAI, USC ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Alessandra Falchi
- UR7310, Faculté de Sciences, Campus Grimaldi, Université de Corse, Corte, France
| | - Julie Figoni
- Santé publique France, 94410 Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Johanna Fite
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | | | - Sara Moutailler
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Elsa Quillery
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
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Nabil M, Khater HF, Selim A, Baz MM, Govindarajan M, A. A. Taie H, Negm S. Acaricidal Efficacy of Silver Nanoformulations of Commiphora molmol and Zingiber officinale against the Camel Tick, Hyalomma dromedarii (Ixodida: Ixodidae). INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Remonatto D, Fantatto RR, Pietro RCLR, Monti R, Oliveira JV, de Paula AV, Bassan JC. Enzymatic synthesis of geranyl acetate in batch and fed-batch reactors and evaluation of its larvicidal activity against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Wang HV, Pickett LJ, Faraone N. Repellent and acaricidal activities of basil (Ocimum basilicum) essential oils and rock dust against Ixodes scapularis and Dermacentor variabilis ticks. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2022; 86:583-598. [PMID: 35230583 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00705-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Repellent and acaricidal activity of essential oils extracted from three varieties of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) were evaluated on blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis Say) and American dog ticks (Dermacentor variabilis Say) in laboratory conditions. Essential oils were extracted and characterized through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and tested at different concentrations for long-term repellent activity using horizontal bioassays. In addition, basil essential oils were combined with an inert material (i.e., granite rock dust) with known insecticidal and miticidal properties to assess acaricidal activities against adult ticks. Among the tested basil varieties, var. Jolina essential oil at 15% vol/vol concentration repelled 96% of tested ticks up to 2 h post-treatment. The EC50 for I. scapularis nymphs was 4.65% vol/vol (95% confidence interval: 4.73-4.57). In acaricidal tests, the combination of essential oil from var. Aroma 2 at 10% wt/wt with rock dust resulted in 100% tick mortality after only 24 h post-exposure, with a LD50 of 3.48% wt/wt (95% CI 4.05-2.91) for freshly prepared treatment tested on I. scapularis adults. The most common compounds detected in basil essential oils by GC-MS were linalool (52.2% in var. Nu Far, 48.2% in Aroma 2, 43.9% in Jolina), sabinene (6.71% in Nu Far, 8.99% in Aroma 2, 8.11% in Jolina), eugenol (11.2% in Jolina, 8.71% in Aroma 2), and estragole (18.2% in Nu Far). The use of essential oils alone and in combination with rock dust provides an innovative and environmentally friendly approach for managing ticks and inhibiting vector-borne disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe V Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| | - Laura J Pickett
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
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Salman M, Abbas RZ, Mehmood K, Hussain R, Shah S, Faheem M, Zaheer T, Abbas A, Morales B, Aneva I, Martínez JL. Assessment of Avermectins-Induced Toxicity in Animals. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030332. [PMID: 35337129 PMCID: PMC8950826 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrocyclic lactones, particularly the avermectins, have completely revolutionized the approaches aimed at control of parasites. These avermectins are the most widely used anti-parasitic drugs in veterinary field with sales exceeding one billion US dollars annually. However, before clinical usage, their safety evaluation in the animals is a major critical factor that must be considered. Many studies have reported the negative effects of avermectins like ivermectin, abamectin, doramectin, and eprinomectin on the host animals. These harmful effects arise from avermectins targeting GABA and glutamate-gated chloride channels present both in the parasites and the host animals. In this review, various modes of avermectins action along with the negative effects on the host like nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and endocrine disruption were discussed in detail. Furthermore, other important issues like ecotoxicity, drug resistance, and drug residues in milk associated with avermectins usage were also discussed, which need special attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salman
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (S.S.); (T.Z.)
| | - Rao Zahid Abbas
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (S.S.); (T.Z.)
- Correspondence: (R.Z.A.); (B.M.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Pathology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Sehar Shah
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (S.S.); (T.Z.)
| | - Mehwish Faheem
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Tean Zaheer
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (S.S.); (T.Z.)
| | - Asghar Abbas
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture Multan, Multan 59300, Pakistan;
| | - Bernardo Morales
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Estación Central, Santiago 9160000, Chile
- Correspondence: (R.Z.A.); (B.M.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Ina Aneva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - José L. Martínez
- Vicerrectoria de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Estación Central, Santiago 9160000, Chile
- Correspondence: (R.Z.A.); (B.M.); (J.L.M.)
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The current strategies and underlying mechanisms in the control of the vector tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis: Implications for future integrated management. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2022; 13:101905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.101905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Flor-Weiler LB, Behle RW, Eller FJ, Muturi EJ, Rooney AP. Repellency and toxicity of a CO 2-derived cedarwood oil on hard tick species (Ixodidae). EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2022; 86:299-312. [PMID: 35076809 PMCID: PMC8858296 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The repellency and toxicity of a CO2-derived cedarwood oil (CWO) was evaluated against actively questing unfed nymphs of four species of hard ticks: Amblyomma americanum (L.), Dermacentor variabilis (Say), Ixodes scapularis Say, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille). Using a vertical climb bioassay for repellency, nymphs of these species avoided a CWO-treated filter paper in proportional responses to treatment concentrations. At 60 min of exposure, I. scapularis nymphs were most sensitive with 50% repellency concentration (RC50) of 19.8 µg cm-2, compared with RC50 of 30.8, 83.8 and 89.6 µg cm-2 for R. sanguineus, D. variabilis and A. americanum, respectively. Bioassays determined the lethal concentration for 50% (LC50) and 90% (LC90) mortality of nymphs exposed to CWO in treated vials after 24- and 48-h exposure. After 24 h exposure, the LC50 values were 1.25, 3.45 and 1.42 µg cm-2 and LC90 values were 2.39, 7.59 and 4.14 µg cm-2 for D. variabilis, I. scapularis and R. sanguineus, respectively, but had minimal effect on A. americanum. After 48 h exposure, the LC50 values were 4.14, 0.78, 0.79 and 0.52 µg cm-2, and LC90 values were 8.06, 1.48, 1.54 and 1.22 µg cm-2 for A. americanum, D. variabilis, I. scapularis and R. sanguineus, respectively. The repellency of CWO on tick species decreased with time. The repellency and toxicity bioassays demonstrated concentration-dependent responses of tick nymphs to the oil, indicating the potential of the CO2-derived cedarwood oil be developed as an eco-friendly repellent and/or acaricide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina B Flor-Weiler
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Crop BioProtection Research Unit, 1815 N University St., Peoria, IL, 61604, USA.
| | - Robert W Behle
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Crop BioProtection Research Unit, 1815 N University St., Peoria, IL, 61604, USA
| | - Fred J Eller
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Research, Functional Foods Research Unit, 1815 N University St., Peoria, IL, 61604, USA
| | - Ephantus J Muturi
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Crop BioProtection Research Unit, 1815 N University St., Peoria, IL, 61604, USA
| | - Alejandro P Rooney
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, 3810 Fourth St., Lubbock, TX, 79415, USA
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Alimi D, Hajri A, Jallouli S, Sebai H. Phytochemistry, anti-tick, repellency and anti-cholinesterase activities of Cupressus sempervirens L. and Mentha pulegium L. combinations against Hyalomma scupense (Acari: Ixodidae). Vet Parasitol 2022; 303:109665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Pereira RB, Pinto NFS, Fernandes MJG, Vieira TF, Rodrigues ARO, Pereira DM, Sousa SF, Castanheira EMS, Fortes AG, Gonçalves MST. Amino Alcohols from Eugenol as Potential Semisynthetic Insecticides: Chemical, Biological, and Computational Insights. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216616. [PMID: 34771025 PMCID: PMC8587747 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of β-amino alcohols were prepared by the reaction of eugenol epoxide with aliphatic and aromatic amine nucleophiles. The synthesized compounds were fully characterized and evaluated as potential insecticides through the assessment of their biological activity against Sf9 insect cells, compared with a commercial synthetic pesticide (chlorpyrifos, CHPY). Three derivatives bearing a terminal benzene ring, either substituted or unsubstituted, were identified as the most potent molecules, two of them displaying higher toxicity to insect cells than CHPY. In addition, the most promising molecules were able to increase the activity of serine proteases (caspases) pivotal to apoptosis and were more toxic to insect cells than human cells. Structure-based inverted virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that these molecules likely target acetylcholinesterase and/or the insect odorant-binding proteins and are able to form stable complexes with these proteins. Encapsulation assays in liposomes of DMPG and DPPC/DMPG (1:1) were performed for the most active compound, and high encapsulation efficiencies were obtained. A thermosensitive formulation was achieved with the compound release being more efficient at higher temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato B. Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.B.P.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Nuno F. S. Pinto
- Centre of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (N.F.S.P.); (M.J.G.F.); (A.G.F.)
| | - Maria José G. Fernandes
- Centre of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (N.F.S.P.); (M.J.G.F.); (A.G.F.)
| | - Tatiana F. Vieira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (T.F.V.); (S.F.S.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, BioSIM—Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita O. Rodrigues
- Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.R.O.R.); (E.M.S.C.)
| | - David M. Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.B.P.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Sérgio F. Sousa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (T.F.V.); (S.F.S.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, BioSIM—Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete M. S. Castanheira
- Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.R.O.R.); (E.M.S.C.)
| | - A. Gil Fortes
- Centre of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (N.F.S.P.); (M.J.G.F.); (A.G.F.)
| | - M. Sameiro T. Gonçalves
- Centre of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (N.F.S.P.); (M.J.G.F.); (A.G.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-253-604-372
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Selles SMA, Kouidri M, González MG, González J, Sánchez M, González-Coloma A, Sanchis J, Elhachimi L, Olmeda AS, Tercero JM, Valcárcel F. Acaricidal and Repellent Effects of Essential Oils against Ticks: A Review. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111379. [PMID: 34832535 PMCID: PMC8617816 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick control is a priority in order to prevent the transmission of vector-borne diseases. Industrial chemical acaricides and repellents have been the most efficient tools against hard ticks for a long time. However, the appearance of resistances has meant the declining effectiveness of the chemicals available on the market. The trend today is to develop alternative control methods using natural products to replace nonefficient pesticides and to preserve the efficient ones, hoping to delay resistance development. Traditional in vitro evaluation of acaricidal activity or resistance to synthetic pesticides have been reviewed and they mainly focus on just one species, the one host tick (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)). Recent reports have called for the standardization of natural product components, extraction techniques, and experimental design to fully discover their acaricidal potential. This study reviews the main variables used in the bibliography about the efficiency of natural products against ticks, and it proposes a unification of variables relating to ticks, practical development of bioassays, and estimation of ixodicidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidi Mohammed Ammar Selles
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria;
- Laboratory of Research on Local Animal Products, University of Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria
- Correspondence:
| | - Mokhtaria Kouidri
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria;
- Laboratory of Farm Animal Products, University of Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria
| | - Marta G. González
- Grupo de Parasitología Animal, Departamento de Reproducción Animal (INIA-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.G.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (F.V.)
| | - Julia González
- Center for Vector Biology, Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - María Sánchez
- Grupo de Parasitología Animal, Departamento de Reproducción Animal (INIA-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.G.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (F.V.)
- Villamagna S.A., Finca “La Garganta”, 14440 Villanueva de Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Azucena González-Coloma
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias (ICA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jaime Sanchis
- Grupo de Parasitología Animal, Departamento de Reproducción Animal (INIA-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.G.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (F.V.)
- Facultad de Veterinaria, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Salto 1350, Uruguay
| | - Latifa Elhachimi
- Département de parasitologie et de Santé Publique, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat B.P. 6202, Morocco;
| | - A. Sonia Olmeda
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José Maria Tercero
- Villamagna S.A., Finca “La Garganta”, 14440 Villanueva de Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Félix Valcárcel
- Grupo de Parasitología Animal, Departamento de Reproducción Animal (INIA-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.G.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (F.V.)
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24
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Duque LS, Marchesini P, Monteiro C, Gomes GA, Soares Rodrigues TH, Mesquita DM, Teixeira ALC, Vale da Silva FL, Marreto LCNL, Maturano R. Acaricidal activity of the essential oils from Leptospermum scoparium, Origanum vulgare and Litsea cubeba on Rhipicephalus microplus: Influence of the solvents and search for fractions with higher bioactivity. Vet Parasitol 2021; 300:109606. [PMID: 34735845 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of natural products in research on tick control for Rhipicephalus microplus is increasing year by year, with promising results. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to phytochemically characterize the essential oils (EOs) of Leptospermum scoparium, Origanum vulgare and Litsea cubeba, and to evaluate the acaricidal activity of these EOs in solutions prepared using ethanol, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and Tween 80 on larvae and females of R. microplus. In addition, three L. scoparium fractions were also isolated and their acaricidal activity on these larvae and adult females was tested. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry results showed that cis-calamenene (29.82 %), carvacrol (64.85 %) and geranial (42.44 %) were the majority compounds of L. scoparium, O. vulgare and L. cubeba, respectively. Three fractions were isolated from L. scoparium: A1, rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and A2 and A3, rich in β-triketones. Bioassays on unfed larvae (immersion test) were performed using all the EOs at concentrations from 2.5 to 10.0 mg/mL; and using the three fractions obtained from L. scoparium EO at concentrations from 0.625 to 10 mg/mL. We observed 100 % mortality of larvae in all treatments with L. scoparium EO at all concentrations (diluted both in DMSO and in ethanol), and in treatments with O. vulgare EO diluted in DMSO. However, L. cubeba EO only gave rise to more than 99 % mortality at a concentration of 10 mg/mL, using the same solvents. For engorged females, the immersion test was performed at concentrations from 2.5 to 10.0 mg/mL. Percentage control greater than 90 % was observed only at the highest concentrations of L. scoparium and O. vulgare EOs diluted in DMSO and ethanol, while L. cubeba EO did not reach 90 % control in any of the treatments. In tests on L. scoparium fractions, larval mortality in the fractions rich in β-triketones (A2 and A3) was above 97 % at a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL, while in the A1 fraction, rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, at the same concentration (2.5 mg/mL), mortality did not reach 22 %. In the adult immersion test, the percentage control was higher than 98 % at the lowest concentration (2.5 mg/mL) of the A1 fraction, while in the treatments with the fractions A2 and A3, the control levels were 16 and 50 %, respectively. Thus, we can conclude that the EOs of L. scoparium, O. vulgare and L. cubeba have acaricidal activity on R. microplus, as also do the fractions derived from L. scoparium EO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Senra Duque
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula Marchesini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Caio Monteiro
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Geovany Amorim Gomes
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Diones Martins Mesquita
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Coutinho Teixeira
- Laboratório de Nanosistemas e Dispositivos de Entrega de Medicamentos (NanoSYS), Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Francisca Letícia Vale da Silva
- Laboratório de Nanosistemas e Dispositivos de Entrega de Medicamentos (NanoSYS), Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Laís Carneiro Naziasene Lima Marreto
- Laboratório de Nanosistemas e Dispositivos de Entrega de Medicamentos (NanoSYS), Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ralph Maturano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Hogenbom J, Jones A, Wang HV, Pickett LJ, Faraone N. Synthesis and Characterization of β-Cyclodextrin-Essential Oil Inclusion Complexes for Tick Repellent Development. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111892. [PMID: 34200230 PMCID: PMC8201109 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are used in several pest management applications. Due to their volatility, EOs may experience bioactivity reduction, thus requiring protection to extend their properties. In the present study, we investigated the inclusion complex formation (IC) of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with selected EOs with known tick repellent activity using two co-precipitation methods. ICs were characterized by evaluating EO mass concentration and inclusion efficiency (% IE) and other instrumental methods. Co-precipitation method 2 yielded the highest EO mass concentration (88 ± 6 μg/mg β-CD) for the 1:1 molar ratio geranium Egyptian EO IC. The EO volatile release over time from the ICs was investigated by headspace SPME/GC-MS analysis. ICs were also tested in tick repellency bioassays. ICs reported significant tick repellent activity, with lemongrass IC performing best overall. Method 1 showed the best combination of high mass concentration EO, controlled volatile release, and tick repellency with lemongrass EO. The results demonstrated that β-CD had selectively encapsulated different EOs. Moreover, the formation of ICs may improve EO tick repellent properties protecting the active ingredients and providing a better, long-lasting repellent action. These findings will allow the development of more effective naturally derived repellent products to protect individuals from tick bites and prevent tick-borne illnesses.
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Santos EGGD, Bezerra WADS, Temeyer KB, León AAPD, Costa-Junior LM, Soares AMDS. Effects of essential oils on native and recombinant acetylcholinesterases of Rhipicephalus microplus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e002221. [PMID: 34076049 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612021024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the action of essential oils (EO) from five plants on the activity of native and recombinant acetylcholinesterases (AChE) from Rhipicephalus microplus. Enzyme activity of native susceptible AChE extract (S.AChE), native resistant AChE extract (R.AChE), and recombinant enzyme (rBmAChE1) was determined. An acetylcholinesterase inhibition test was used to verify the effect of the EO on enzyme activity. EO from Eucalyptus globulus, Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus aurantium var.dulcis inhibited the activity of S.AChE and R.AChE. Oils from the two Citrus species inhibited S.AChE and R.AChE in a similar way while showing greater inhibition on R.AChE. The oil from E. globulus inhibited native AChE, but no difference was observed between the S.AChE and R.AChE; however, 71% inhibition for the rBmAChE1 was recorded. Mentha piperita oil also inhibited S.AChE and R.AChE, but there was significant inhibition at the highest concentration tested. Cymbopogon winterianus oil did not inhibit AChE. Further studies are warranted with the oils from the two Citrus species that inhibited R.AChE because of the problem with R. microplus resistant to organophosphates, which target AChE. C. winterianus oil can be used against R. microplus populations that are resistant to organophosphates because its acaricidal properties act by mechanism(s) other than AChE inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kevin B Temeyer
- USDA-ARS Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory and Veterinary Pest Genomics Center, Kerrville, TX, United States of America
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Klafke GM, Thomas DB, Miller RJ, Pérez de León AA. Efficacy of a water-based botanical acaricide formulation applied in portable spray box against the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae), infesting cattle. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101721. [PMID: 33848798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ectoparasitism result in annual losses to livestock producers estimated to reach billions of dollars in tropical and subtropical parts of the world where the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, is established because this invasive pest is also a vector of pathogens causing bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis. Reintroduction of R. microplus could be economically devastating for the cattle industry in the United States. Novel technologies are necessary to manage populations of R. microplus that are resistant to multiple classes of synthetic chemicals widely used as acaricides to control ticks infesting livestock, and to mitigate the environmental impact of these synthetic acaricides. Bioassays with a water-based formulation of a commercially available botanical acaricide (Essentria® IC3) at 6.25 % against a laboratory strain of R. microplus was 100 % lethal against unfed larvae, and 94 % mortality was recorded against engorged female ticks. These results prompted documentation of efficacy on infested cattle using an acaricide delivery system mimicking field conditions, which is required to consider the use of a product by integrated tick management programs. Twelve tick naïve cattle were artificially infested with unfed larvae on days -19, -12 and -5. On day -2, ticks from the left-side of the body of each animal were manually counted. Depending on pre-treatment tick counts the animals were assigned into three separate treatment groups: i) water (untreated control); ii) coumaphos 0.3 % in water (positive control); and iii) botanical acaricide 6.25 % in water. Five days after the last infestation, cattle were doused in a spray box and moved to individual stalls to collect tick data for calculation of treatment efficacy. The percentage control, based on the reproduction of surviving engorged female ticks after treatment with the 6.25 % Essentria in water-based spray was 70 % against R. microplus. Coumaphos treatment had a mean percent control of 100 %. Whereas this application of Essentria® IC3 cannot be recommended as a stand-alone method to eradicate R. microplus, the 6.25 % botanical acaricide water-based spray could be part of integrated tick management to control populations of R. microplus resistant to organophosphates like coumaphos and other classes of commercially available synthetic acaricides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme M Klafke
- USDA-ARS Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory, 22675 North Moorefield Rd., MAB 6419, Edinburg, TX, 78541, United States.
| | - Donald B Thomas
- USDA-ARS Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory, 22675 North Moorefield Rd., MAB 6419, Edinburg, TX, 78541, United States
| | - Robert J Miller
- USDA-ARS Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory, 22675 North Moorefield Rd., MAB 6419, Edinburg, TX, 78541, United States; USDA-ARS - Office of National Programs, 5601 Sunnyside Avenue, GWCC, Beltsville, MD, 20705-5148, United States
| | - Adalberto A Pérez de León
- USDA-ARS, Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, and Veterinary Pest Genomics Center, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX, 78028, United States
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Zaheer T, Imran M, Pal K, Sajid MS, Abbas RZ, Aqib AI, Hanif MA, Khan SR, Khan MK, Sindhu ZUD, Rahman SU. Synthesis, characterization and acaricidal activity of green-mediated ZnO nanoparticles against Hyalomma ticks. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Hussain K, Abbas RZ, Abbas A, Rehman MA, Raza MA, Rehman T, Hussain R, Mahmood MS, Imran M, Zaman MA, Sindhu ZD, Khan MK, Ali S. Anticoccidial and Biochemical Effects of Artemisia Brevifolia Extract in Broiler Chickens. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Hussain
- Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - RZ Abbas
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - A Abbas
- Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | | | - MA Raza
- Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - T Rehman
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - R Hussain
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - M Imran
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - MA Zaman
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | | | - MK Khan
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - S Ali
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
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New Eugenol Derivatives with Enhanced Insecticidal Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239257. [PMID: 33291666 PMCID: PMC7729565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eugenol, the generic name of 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol, is the major component of clove essential oil, and has demonstrated relevant biological potential with well-known antimicrobial and antioxidant actions. New O-alkylated eugenol derivatives, bearing a propyl chain with terminals like hydrogen, hydroxyl, ester, chlorine, and carboxylic acid, were synthesized in the present work. These compounds were later subjected to epoxidation conditions to give the corresponding oxiranes. All derivatives were evaluated against their effect upon the viability of insect cell line Sf9 (Spodoptera frugiperda), demonstrating that structural changes elicit marked effects in terms of potency. In addition, the most promising molecules were evaluated for their impact in cell morphology, caspase-like activity, and potential toxicity towards human cells. Some molecules stood out in terms of toxicity towards insect cells, with morphological assessment of treated cells showing chromatin condensation and fragmentation, which are compatible with the occurrence of programmed cell death, later confirmed by evaluation of caspase-like activity. These findings point out the potential use of eugenol derivatives as semisynthetic insecticides from plant natural products.
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