1
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Ngo VN, Winski DP, Aho B, Kamath PL, King BL, Waters H, Zimmerberg J, Sodt A, Hess ST. Conserved sequence features in intracellular domains of viral spike proteins. Virology 2024; 599:110198. [PMID: 39116647 PMCID: PMC11383743 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Viral spike proteins mutate frequently, but conserved features within these proteins often have functional importance and can inform development of anti-viral therapies which circumvent the effects of viral sequence mutations. Through analysis of large numbers of viral spike protein sequences from several viral families, we found highly (>99%) conserved patterns within their intracellular domains. The patterns generally consist of one or more basic amino acids (arginine or lysine) adjacent to a cysteine, many of which are known to undergo acylation. These patterns were not enriched in cellular proteins in general. Molecular dynamics simulations show direct electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between these conserved residues in hemagglutinin (HA) from influenza A and B and the phosphoinositide PIP2. Super-resolution microscopy shows nanoscale colocalization of PIP2 and several of the same viral proteins. We propose the hypothesis that these conserved viral spike protein features can interact with phosphoinositides such as PIP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh-Nhan Ngo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 120 Bennett Hall, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469-5709, USA
| | - David P Winski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 120 Bennett Hall, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469-5709, USA
| | - Brandon Aho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 120 Bennett Hall, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469-5709, USA
| | - Pauline L Kamath
- School of Food and Agriculture, 342 Hitchner Hall, University of Maine, And Maine Center for Genetics in the Environment, Orono, ME, USA.
| | - Benjamin L King
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, 5735 Hitchner Hall, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
| | - Hang Waters
- Section on Integrative Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua Zimmerberg
- Section on Integrative Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Sodt
- Unit on Membrane Chemical Physics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Samuel T Hess
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 120 Bennett Hall, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469-5709, USA.
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2
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Xing G, Zheng Q. Insights into the specific feature of the electrostatic recognition binding mechanism between BM2 and BM1: a molecular dynamics simulation study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:22726-22738. [PMID: 39161312 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01936a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Matrix protein 2 (M2) and matrix protein 1 (M1) of the influenza B virus are two important proteins, and the interactions between BM2 and BM1 play an important role in the process of virus assembly and replication. However, the interaction details between BM2 and BM1 are still unclear at the atomic level. Here, we constructed the BM2-BM1 complex system using homology modelling and molecular docking methods. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to illustrate the binding mechanism between BM2 and BM1. The results identify that the eight polar residues (E88B, E89B, H119BM1, E94B, R101BM1, K102BM1, R105BM1, and E104B) play an important role in stabilizing the binding through the formation of hydrogen bond networks and salt-bridge interactions at the binding interface. Furthermore, based on the simulation results and the experimental facts, the mutation experiments were designed to verify the influence of the mutation of residues both within and outside the effector domain. The mutations directly or indirectly disrupt interactions between polar residues, thus affecting viral assembly and replication. The results could help us understand the details of the interactions between BM2 and BM1 and provide useful information for the anti-influenza drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixuan Xing
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Qingchuan Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
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3
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Saha P, Saha R, Datta Chaudhuri R, Sarkar R, Sarkar M, Koley H, Chawla-Sarkar M. Unveiling the Antiviral Potential of Minocycline: Modulation of Nuclear Export of Viral Ribonuclear Proteins during Influenza Virus Infection. Viruses 2024; 16:1317. [PMID: 39205291 PMCID: PMC11359333 DOI: 10.3390/v16081317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) poses a global threat worldwide causing pandemics, epidemics, and seasonal outbreaks. Annual modification of vaccines is costly due to continual shifts in circulating genotypes, leading to inadequate coverage in low- and middle-income countries like India. Additionally, IAVs are evolving resistance to approved antivirals, necessitating a search for alternative treatments. In this study, the antiviral role of the FDA-approved antibiotic minocycline against IAV strains was evaluated in vitro and in vivo by quantifying viral gene expression by qRT-PCR, viral protein levels by Western blotting, and viral titers. Our findings demonstrate that minocycline at a non-toxic dose effectively inhibits IAV replication, regardless of viral strain or cell line. Its antiviral mechanism operates independently of interferon signaling by targeting the MEK/ERK signaling pathway, which is crucial for the export of viral ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs). Minocycline prevents the assembly and release of infectious viral particles by causing the accumulation of vRNPs within the nucleus. Moreover, minocycline also inhibits IAV-induced late-stage apoptosis, further suppressing viral propagation. The antiviral activity of minocycline against IAVs could offer a promising solution amidst the challenges posed by influenza and the limitations of current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Saha
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Ritubrita Saha
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Ratul Datta Chaudhuri
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Rakesh Sarkar
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Mehuli Sarkar
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Hemanta Koley
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Mamta Chawla-Sarkar
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata 700010, India
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4
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Xin W, Santore MM. Bending-driven patterning of solid inclusions in lipid membranes: Colloidal assembly and transitions in elastic 2D fluids. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae331. [PMID: 39211516 PMCID: PMC11358708 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Biological or biomimetic membranes are examples within the larger material class of flexible ultrathin lamellae and contoured fluid sheets that require work or energy to impose bending deformations. Bending elasticity also dictates the interactions and assembly of integrated phases or molecular clusters within fluid lamellae, for instance enabling critical cell functions in biomembranes. More broadly, lamella and other thin fluids that integrate dispersed objects, inclusions, and phases behave as contoured 2D colloidal suspensions governed by elastic interactions. To elucidate the breadth of interactions and assembled patterns accessible through elastic interactions, we consider the bending elasticity-driven assembly of 1-10 μm solid plate-shaped Brownian domains (the 2D colloids), integrated into a fluid phospholipid membrane (the 2D fluid). Here, the fluid membranes of giant unilamellar vesicles, 20-50 μm in diameter, each contain 4-100 monodisperse plate-domains at an overall solid area fraction of 17 ± 3%. Three types of reversible plate arrangements are found: persistent vesicle-encompassing quasi-hexagonal lattices, persistent closely associated chains or concentrated lattices, and a dynamic disordered state. The interdomain distances evidence combined attractive and repulsive elastic interactions up to 10 μm, far exceeding the ranges of physio-chemical interactions. Bending contributions are controlled through membrane slack (excess area) producing, for a fixed composition, a sharp cooperative multibody transition in plate arrangement, while domain size and number contribute intricacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyue Xin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Maria M Santore
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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5
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Ulupinar P, Çağlayan E, Rayaman E, Nagata K, Turan K. The mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 is involved in down-regulation of influenza A virus replication. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:642. [PMID: 38727866 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 (MTCH2) is a mitochondrial outer membrane protein regulating mitochondrial metabolism and functions in lipid homeostasis and apoptosis. Experimental data on the interaction of MTCH2 with viral proteins in virus-infected cells are very limited. Here, the interaction of MTCH2 with PA subunit of influenza A virus RdRp and its effects on viral replication was investigated. METHODS The human MTCH2 protein was identified as the influenza A virus PA-related cellular factor with the Y2H assay. The interaction between GST.MTCH2 and PA protein co-expressed in transfected HEK293 cells was evaluated by GST-pull down. The effect of MTCH2 on virus replication was determined by quantification of viral transcript and/or viral proteins in the cells transfected with MTCH2-encoding plasmid or MTCH2-siRNA. An interaction model of MTCH2 and PA was predicted with protein modeling/docking algorithms. RESULTS It was observed that PA and GST.MTCH2 proteins expressed in HEK293 cells were co-precipitated by glutathione-agarose beads. The influenza A virus replication was stimulated in HeLa cells whose MTCH2 expression was suppressed with specific siRNA, whereas the increase of MTCH2 in transiently transfected HEK293 cells inhibited viral RdRp activity. The results of a Y2H assay and protein-protein docking analysis suggested that the amino terminal part of the viral PA (nPA) can bind to the cytoplasmic domain comprising amino acid residues 253 to 282 of the MTCH2. CONCLUSION It is suggested that the host mitochondrial MTCH2 protein is probably involved in the interaction with the viral polymerase protein PA to cause negative regulatory effect on influenza A virus replication in infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Ulupinar
- Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Çağlayan
- University of Health Sciences, Kartal Koşuyolu High Speciality Educational and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erkan Rayaman
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kyosuke Nagata
- Department of Infection Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kadir Turan
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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6
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Wang Y, Gao L. Cholesterol: A friend to viruses. Int Rev Immunol 2024; 43:248-262. [PMID: 38372266 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2024.2314577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Cholesterol is a key life-sustaining molecule which regulates membrane fluidity and serves as a signaling mediator. Cholesterol homeostasis is closely related to various pathological conditions including tumor, obesity, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and viral infection. Viral infection disrupts host cholesterol homeostasis, facilitating their own survival. Meanwhile, the host cells strive to reduce cholesterol accessibility to limit viral infection. This review focuses on the regulation of cholesterol metabolism and the role of cholesterol in viral infection, specifically providing an overview of cholesterol as a friend to promote viral entry, replication, assembly, release and immune evasion, which might inspire valuable thinking for pathogenesis and intervention of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Lifen Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
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7
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Liang Y. Pathogenicity and virulence of influenza. Virulence 2023; 14:2223057. [PMID: 37339323 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2223057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses, including four major types (A, B, C, and D), can cause mild-to-severe and lethal diseases in humans and animals. Influenza viruses evolve rapidly through antigenic drift (mutation) and shift (reassortment of the segmented viral genome). New variants, strains, and subtypes have emerged frequently, causing epidemic, zoonotic, and pandemic infections, despite currently available vaccines and antiviral drugs. In recent years, avian influenza viruses, such as H5 and H7 subtypes, have caused hundreds to thousands of zoonotic infections in humans with high case fatality rates. The likelihood of these animal influenza viruses acquiring airborne transmission in humans through viral evolution poses great concern for the next pandemic. Severe influenza viral disease is caused by both direct viral cytopathic effects and exacerbated host immune response against high viral loads. Studies have identified various mutations in viral genes that increase viral replication and transmission, alter tissue tropism or species specificity, and evade antivirals or pre-existing immunity. Significant progress has also been made in identifying and characterizing the host components that mediate antiviral responses, pro-viral functions, or immunopathogenesis following influenza viral infections. This review summarizes the current knowledge on viral determinants of influenza virulence and pathogenicity, protective and immunopathogenic aspects of host innate and adaptive immune responses, and antiviral and pro-viral roles of host factors and cellular signalling pathways. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of viral virulence factors and virus-host interactions is critical for the development of preventive and therapeutic measures against influenza diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
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8
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Hoffmann H, Ebensperger M, Schönsiegel A, Hamza H, Koch-Heier J, Schreiber A, Ludwig S, Schindler M, Planz O. Influenza A virus replication has a stronger dependency on Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway activity than SARS-CoV-2. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1264983. [PMID: 37965261 PMCID: PMC10641236 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1264983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 pandemic again highlighted the urgent need for broad-spectrum antivirals, both for therapeutic use in acute viral infection and for pandemic preparedness in general. The targeting of host cell factors hijacked by viruses during their replication cycle presents one possible strategy for development of broad-spectrum antivirals. By inhibiting the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, a central kinase cascade of eukaryotic cells, which is being exploited by numerous viruses of different virus phyla, the small-molecule MEK inhibitor zapnometinib has the potential to address this need. We here performed a side-by-side comparison of the antiviral efficacy of zapnometinib against IAV and SARS-CoV-2 to determine the concentration leading to 50% of its effect on the virus (EC50) and the concentration leading to 50% reduction of ERK phosphorylation (IC50) in a comparable manner, using the same experimental conditions. Our results show that the EC50 value and IC50 value of zapnometinib are indeed lower for IAV compared to SARS-CoV-2 using one representative strain for each. The results suggest that IAV's replication has a stronger dependency on an active Raf/MEK/ERK pathway and, thus, that IAV is more susceptible to treatment with zapnometinib than SARS-CoV-2. With zapnometinib's favorable outcome in a recent phase II clinical trial in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, the present results are even more promising for an upcoming phase II clinical trial in severe influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Hoffmann
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Atriva Therapeutics GmbH, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Annika Schönsiegel
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Atriva Therapeutics GmbH, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hazem Hamza
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Virology Laboratory, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Julia Koch-Heier
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Atriva Therapeutics GmbH, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - André Schreiber
- Institute of Virology (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms Universitaet, Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Stephan Ludwig
- Institute of Virology (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms Universitaet, Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Michael Schindler
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Disease, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Planz
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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9
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Casalino L, Seitz C, Lederhofer J, Tsybovsky Y, Wilson IA, Kanekiyo M, Amaro RE. Breathing and Tilting: Mesoscale Simulations Illuminate Influenza Glycoprotein Vulnerabilities. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:1646-1663. [PMID: 36589893 PMCID: PMC9801513 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus has resurfaced recently from inactivity during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, raising serious concerns about the nature and magnitude of future epidemics. The main antigenic targets of influenza virus are two surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Whereas the structural and dynamical properties of both glycoproteins have been studied previously, the understanding of their plasticity in the whole-virion context is fragmented. Here, we investigate the dynamics of influenza glycoproteins in a crowded protein environment through mesoscale all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of two evolutionary-linked glycosylated influenza A whole-virion models. Our simulations reveal and kinetically characterize three main molecular motions of influenza glycoproteins: NA head tilting, HA ectodomain tilting, and HA head breathing. The flexibility of HA and NA highlights antigenically relevant conformational states, as well as facilitates the characterization of a novel monoclonal antibody, derived from convalescent human donor, that binds to the underside of the NA head. Our work provides previously unappreciated views on the dynamics of HA and NA, advancing the understanding of their interplay and suggesting possible strategies for the design of future vaccines and antivirals against influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Casalino
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California92093, United States
| | - Christian Seitz
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California92093, United States
| | - Julia Lederhofer
- Vaccine
Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland20892, United States
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron
Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland21702, United States
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and the Skaggs
Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps
Research Institute, La Jolla, California92037, United States
| | - Masaru Kanekiyo
- Vaccine
Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland20892, United States
| | - Rommie E. Amaro
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California92093, United States
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10
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Muraduzzaman AKM, Illing PT, Mifsud NA, Purcell AW. Understanding the Role of HLA Class I Molecules in the Immune Response to Influenza Infection and Rational Design of a Peptide-Based Vaccine. Viruses 2022; 14:2578. [PMID: 36423187 PMCID: PMC9695287 DOI: 10.3390/v14112578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus is a respiratory pathogen that is responsible for regular epidemics and occasional pandemics that result in substantial damage to life and the economy. The yearly reformulation of trivalent or quadrivalent flu vaccines encompassing surface glycoproteins derived from the current circulating strains of the virus does not provide sufficient cross-protection against mismatched strains. Unlike the current vaccines that elicit a predominant humoral response, vaccines that induce CD8+ T cells have demonstrated a capacity to provide cross-protection against different influenza strains, including novel influenza viruses. Immunopeptidomics, the mass spectrometric identification of human-leukocyte-antigen (HLA)-bound peptides isolated from infected cells, has recently provided key insights into viral peptides that can serve as potential T cell epitopes. The critical elements required for a strong and long-living CD8+ T cell response are related to both HLA restriction and the immunogenicity of the viral peptide. This review examines the importance of HLA and the viral immunopeptidome for the design of a universal influenza T-cell-based vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicole A. Mifsud
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Anthony W. Purcell
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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11
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Raut P, Obeng B, Waters H, Zimmerberg J, Gosse JA, Hess ST. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate Mediates the Co-Distribution of Influenza A Hemagglutinin and Matrix Protein M1 at the Plasma Membrane. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112509. [PMID: 36423118 PMCID: PMC9698905 DOI: 10.3390/v14112509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fully assembled influenza A virus (IAV) has on its surface the highest density of a single membrane protein found in nature-the glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) that mediates viral binding, entry, and assembly. HA clusters at the plasma membrane of infected cells, and the HA density (number of molecules per unit area) of these clusters correlates with the infectivity of the virus. Dense HA clusters are considered to mark the assembly site and ultimately lead to the budding of infectious IAV. The mechanism of spontaneous HA clustering, which occurs with or without other viral components, has not been elucidated. Using super-resolution fluorescence photoactivation localization microscopy (FPALM), we have previously shown that these HA clusters are interdependent on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PIP2). Here, we show that the IAV matrix protein M1 co-clusters with PIP2, visualized using the pleckstrin homology domain. We find that cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), which is a positively charged quaternary ammonium compound known for its antibacterial and antiviral properties at millimolar concentrations, disrupts M1 clustering and M1-PIP2 co-clustering at micromolar concentrations well below the critical micelle concentration (CMC). CPC also disrupts the co-clustering of M1 with HA at the plasma membrane, suggesting the role of host cell PIP2 clusters as scaffolds for gathering and concentrating M1 and HA to achieve their unusually high cluster densities in the IAV envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Raut
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5709, USA
| | - Bright Obeng
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5735, USA
| | - Hang Waters
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1855, USA
| | - Joshua Zimmerberg
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1855, USA
| | - Julie A. Gosse
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5735, USA
| | - Samuel T. Hess
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5709, USA
- Correspondence:
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12
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Gasmi A, Mujawdiya PK, Lysiuk R, Shanaida M, Peana M, Gasmi Benahmed A, Beley N, Kovalska N, Bjørklund G. Quercetin in the Prevention and Treatment of Coronavirus Infections: A Focus on SARS-CoV-2. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1049. [PMID: 36145270 PMCID: PMC9504481 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak seems to be the most dangerous challenge of the third millennium due to its highly contagious nature. Amongst natural molecules for COVID-19 treatment, the flavonoid molecule quercetin (QR) is currently considered one of the most promising. QR is an active agent against SARS and MERS due to its antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and some other beneficial effects. QR may hold therapeutic potential against SARS-CoV-2 due to its inhibitory effects on several stages of the viral life cycle. In fact, QR inhibits viral entry, absorption, and penetration in the SARS-CoV virus, which might be at least partly explained by the ability of QR and its derivatives to inhibit 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) and papain-like protease (PLpro). QR is a potent immunomodulatory molecule due to its direct modulatory effects on several immune cells, cytokines, and other immune molecules. QR-based nanopreparations possess enhanced bioavailability and solubility in water. In this review, we discuss the prospects for the application of QR as a preventive and treatment agent for COVID-19. Given the multifactorial beneficial action of QR, it can be considered a very valid drug as a preventative, mitigating, and therapeutic agent of COVID-19 infection, especially in synergism with zinc, vitamins C, D, and E, and other polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Roman Lysiuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Mariia Shanaida
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Asma Gasmi Benahmed
- Académie Internationale de Médecine Dentaire Intégrative, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Nataliya Beley
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
| | | | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway
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13
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Casalino L, Seitz C, Lederhofer J, Tsybovsky Y, Wilson IA, Kanekiyo M, Amaro RE. Breathing and tilting: mesoscale simulations illuminate influenza glycoprotein vulnerabilities. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.08.02.502576. [PMID: 35982676 PMCID: PMC9387122 DOI: 10.1101/2022.08.02.502576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus has resurfaced recently from inactivity during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, raising serious concerns about the nature and magnitude of future epidemics. The main antigenic targets of influenza virus are two surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Whereas the structural and dynamical properties of both glycoproteins have been studied previously, the understanding of their plasticity in the whole-virion context is fragmented. Here, we investigate the dynamics of influenza glycoproteins in a crowded protein environment through mesoscale all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of two evolutionary-linked glycosylated influenza A whole-virion models. Our simulations reveal and kinetically characterize three main molecular motions of influenza glycoproteins: NA head tilting, HA ectodomain tilting, and HA head breathing. The flexibility of HA and NA highlights antigenically relevant conformational states, as well as facilitates the characterization of a novel monoclonal antibody, derived from human convalescent plasma, that binds to the underside of the NA head. Our work provides previously unappreciated views on the dynamics of HA and NA, advancing the understanding of their interplay and suggesting possible strategies for the design of future vaccines and antivirals against influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Casalino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Christian Seitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Julia Lederhofer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Masaru Kanekiyo
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rommie E. Amaro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States,Corresponding author.
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14
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Xu W, Wang Y, Li L, Qu X, Liu Q, Li T, Wu S, Liao M, Jin N, Du S, Li C. Transmembrane domain of IFITM3 is responsible for its interaction with influenza virus HA 2 subunit. Virol Sin 2022; 37:664-675. [PMID: 35809785 PMCID: PMC9583175 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-inducible transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) inhibits influenza virus infection by blocking viral membrane fusion, but the exact mechanism remains elusive. Here, we investigated the function and key region of IFITM3 in blocking influenza virus entry mediated by hemagglutinin (HA). The restriction of IFITM3 on HA-mediated viral entry was confirmed by pseudovirus harboring HA protein from H5 and H7 influenza viruses. Subcellular co-localization and immunocoprecipitation analyses revealed that IFITM3 partially co-located with the full-length HA protein and could directly interact with HA2 subunit but not HA1 subunit of H5 and H7 virus. Truncated analyses showed that the transmembrane domain of the IFITM3 and HA2 subunit might play an important role in their interaction. Finally, this interaction of IFITM3 was also verified with HA2 subunits from other subtypes of influenza A virus and influenza B virus. Overall, our data demonstrate for the first time a direct interaction between IFITM3 and influenza HA protein via the transmembrane domain, providing a new perspective for further exploring the biological significance of IFITM3 restriction on influenza virus infection or HA-mediated antagonism or escape. IFITM3 interacts with HA2 subunit of hemagglutinin from multiple subtypes of influenza A and B virus. Interaction between IFITM3 and HA2 subunit is mediated by binding to the transmembrane domain of HA. Affinity of IFITM3 intramembrane domain or transmembrane domain to HA2 subunit of H5 and H7 subtype is different. Transmembrane domain of IFITM3 is responsible for its interaction with the HA2 subunit. There are differences in the binding ability of IFITM3 to HA2 from different serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Letian Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Xiaoyun Qu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tiyuan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Shipin Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
| | - Shouwen Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
| | - Chang Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
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15
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ARHGAP1 Transported with Influenza Viral Genome Ensures Integrity of Viral Particle Surface through Efficient Budozone Formation. mBio 2022; 13:e0072122. [PMID: 35475647 PMCID: PMC9239208 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00721-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viral particles are assembled at the plasma membrane concomitantly with Rab11a-mediated endocytic transport of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes (vRNPs). The mechanism of spatiotemporal regulation of viral budozone formation and its regulatory molecules on the endocytic vesicles remain unclear. Here, we performed a proximity-based proteomics approach for Rab11a and found that ARHGAP1, a Rho GTPase-activating protein, is transported through the Rab11a-mediated apical transport of vRNP. ARHGAP1 stabilized actin filaments in infected cells for the lateral clustering of hemagglutinin (HA) molecules, a viral surface membrane protein, to the budozone. Disruption of the HA clustering results in the production of virions with low HA content, and such virions were less resistant to protease and had enhanced antigenicity, presumably because reduced clustering of viral membrane proteins exposes hidden surfaces. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Rab11a-mediated endocytic transport of ARHGAP1 with vRNPs stimulates budozone formation to ensure the integrity of virion surface required for viral survival.
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16
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Mohamed FF, Anhlan D, Schöfbänker M, Schreiber A, Classen N, Hensel A, Hempel G, Scholz W, Kühn J, Hrincius ER, Ludwig S. Hypericum perforatum and Its Ingredients Hypericin and Pseudohypericin Demonstrate an Antiviral Activity against SARS-CoV-2. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:530. [PMID: 35631357 PMCID: PMC9146521 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For almost two years, the COVID-19 pandemic has constituted a major challenge to human health, particularly due to the lack of efficient antivirals to be used against the virus during routine treatment interventions. Multiple treatment options have been investigated for their potential inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2. Natural products, such as plant extracts, may be a promising option, as they have shown an antiviral activity against other viruses in the past. Here, a quantified extract of Hypericum perforatum was tested and found to possess a potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. The antiviral potency of the extract could be attributed to the naphtodianthrones hypericin and pseudohypericin, in contrast to other tested ingredients of the plant material, which did not show any antiviral activity. Hypericum perforatum and its main active ingredient hypericin were also effective against different SARS-CoV-2 variants (Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron). Concerning its mechanism of action, evidence was obtained that Hypericum perforatum and hypericin may hold a direct virus-blocking effect against SARS-CoV-2 virus particles. Taken together, the presented data clearly emphasize the promising antiviral activity of Hypericum perforatum and its active ingredients against SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakry F. Mohamed
- Institute of Virology Muenster, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (F.F.M.); (D.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (E.R.H.)
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Darisuren Anhlan
- Institute of Virology Muenster, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (F.F.M.); (D.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (E.R.H.)
| | - Michael Schöfbänker
- Institute of Virology Muenster, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (F.F.M.); (D.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (E.R.H.)
| | - André Schreiber
- Institute of Virology Muenster, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (F.F.M.); (D.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (E.R.H.)
| | - Nica Classen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (N.C.); (A.H.)
| | - Andreas Hensel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (N.C.); (A.H.)
| | - Georg Hempel
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;
| | | | - Joachim Kühn
- Division of Clinical Virology, Institute of Virology, University Hospital Muenster, 48151 Muenster, Germany;
| | - Eike R. Hrincius
- Institute of Virology Muenster, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (F.F.M.); (D.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (E.R.H.)
| | - Stephan Ludwig
- Institute of Virology Muenster, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (F.F.M.); (D.A.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (E.R.H.)
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17
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Hydrophobic Residues at the Intracellular Domain of the M2 Protein Play an Important Role in Budding and Membrane Integrity of Influenza Virus. J Virol 2022; 96:e0037322. [DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00373-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
M2 plays a crucial role in the influenza virus life cycle. However, the function of the C-terminal intracellular domain of M2 protein remains largely unclear.
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18
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Petrich A, Dunsing V, Bobone S, Chiantia S. Influenza A M2 recruits M1 to the plasma membrane: A fluorescence fluctuation microscopy study. Biophys J 2021; 120:5478-5490. [PMID: 34808098 PMCID: PMC8715234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a respiratory pathogen that causes seasonal epidemics with significant mortality. One of the most abundant proteins in IAV particles is the matrix protein 1 (M1), which is essential for the virus structural stability. M1 organizes virion assembly and budding at the plasma membrane (PM), where it interacts with other viral components. The recruitment of M1 to the PM as well as its interaction with the other viral envelope proteins (hemagglutinin [HA], neuraminidase, matrix protein 2 [M2]) is controversially discussed in previous studies. Therefore, we used fluorescence fluctuation microscopy techniques (i.e., scanning fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy and number and brightness) to quantify the oligomeric state of M1 and its interactions with other viral proteins in co-transfected as well as infected cells. Our results indicate that M1 is recruited to the PM by M2, as a consequence of the strong interaction between the two proteins. In contrast, only a weak interaction between M1 and HA was observed. M1-HA interaction occurred only in the event that M1 was already bound to the PM. We therefore conclude that M2 initiates the assembly of IAV by recruiting M1 to the PM, possibly allowing its further interaction with other viral proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Petrich
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Valentin Dunsing
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sara Bobone
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Roma, Italy
| | - Salvatore Chiantia
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam, Germany.
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19
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Shahagadkar P, Shah H, Palani A, Munirathinam G. Berry derived constituents in suppressing viral infection: Potential avenues for viral pandemic management. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 46:14-20. [PMID: 34857187 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Berries are acknowledged as a rich source of major dietary antioxidants and the fact that berry phenolics exhibit antioxidant property is widely accepted. Berries are abundant in Vitamin C and polyphenols such as anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Polyphenols are found to have several therapeutic effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Increasing studies are focusing on natural products and their components for alternative therapeutics against viral infections. In particular, berries such as elderberry, blueberry, raspberry, and cranberry have proven to be effective against viral infections. Of note, the decoction of Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) has been shown to treat viral epidemic diseases. Owing to the rich source of various antiviral constituents, berries could be an alternative source for managing viral infections. In this review, we provide insights into how berry derived components inhibit viral infection and their clinical usefulness in viral disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preksha Shahagadkar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Hillary Shah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Arvind Palani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Gnanasekar Munirathinam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, IL, USA.
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20
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Moreira EA, Yamauchi Y, Matthias P. How Influenza Virus Uses Host Cell Pathways during Uncoating. Cells 2021; 10:1722. [PMID: 34359892 PMCID: PMC8305448 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a zoonotic respiratory disease of major public health interest due to its pandemic potential, and a threat to animals and the human population. The influenza A virus genome consists of eight single-stranded RNA segments sequestered within a protein capsid and a lipid bilayer envelope. During host cell entry, cellular cues contribute to viral conformational changes that promote critical events such as fusion with late endosomes, capsid uncoating and viral genome release into the cytosol. In this focused review, we concisely describe the virus infection cycle and highlight the recent findings of host cell pathways and cytosolic proteins that assist influenza uncoating during host cell entry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yohei Yamauchi
- Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK;
| | - Patrick Matthias
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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21
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De Angelis M, Casciaro B, Genovese A, Brancaccio D, Marcocci ME, Novellino E, Carotenuto A, Palamara AT, Mangoni ML, Nencioni L. Temporin G, an amphibian antimicrobial peptide against influenza and parainfluenza respiratory viruses: Insights into biological activity and mechanism of action. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21358. [PMID: 33538061 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001885rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of respiratory viral infections remains a global health concern, mainly due to the inefficacy of available drugs. Therefore, the discovery of novel antiviral compounds is needed; in this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) like temporins hold great promise. Here, we discovered that the harmless temporin G (TG) significantly inhibited the early life-cycle phases of influenza virus. The in vitro hemagglutinating test revealed the existence of TG interaction with the viral hemagglutinin (HA) protein. Furthermore, the hemolysis inhibition assay and the molecular docking studies confirmed a TG/HA complex formation at the level of the conserved hydrophobic stem groove of HA. Remarkably, these findings highlight the ability of TG to block the conformational rearrangements of HA2 subunit, which are essential for the viral envelope fusion with intracellular endocytic vesicles, thereby neutralizing the virus entry into the host cell. In comparison, in the case of parainfluenza virus, which penetrates host cells upon a membrane-fusion process, addition of TG to infected cells provoked ~1.2 log reduction of viral titer released in the supernatant. Nevertheless, at the same condition, an immunofluorescent assay showed that the expression of viral hemagglutinin/neuraminidase protein was not significantly reduced. This suggested a peptide-mediated block of some late steps of viral replication and therefore the impairment of the extracellular release of viral particles. Overall, our results are the first demonstration of the ability of an AMP to interfere with the replication of respiratory viruses with a different mechanism of cell entry and will open a new avenue for the development of novel therapeutic approaches against a large variety of respiratory viruses, including the recent SARS-CoV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Angelis
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - B Casciaro
- Center For Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - A Genovese
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - D Brancaccio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - M E Marcocci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - E Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - A Carotenuto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - A T Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M L Mangoni
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Laboratory Affiliated to Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - L Nencioni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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22
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Silva CAT, Kamen AA, Henry O. Recent advances and current challenges in process intensification of cell culture‐based influenza virus vaccine manufacturing. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina A. T. Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering Polytechnique Montréal Montréal Québec Canada
- Department of Bioengineering McGill University Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Amine A. Kamen
- Department of Bioengineering McGill University Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Olivier Henry
- Department of Chemical Engineering Polytechnique Montréal Montréal Québec Canada
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23
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Bauso LV, Imbesi C, Irene G, Calì G, Bitto A. New Approaches and Repurposed Antiviral Drugs for the Treatment of the SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:503. [PMID: 34070359 PMCID: PMC8228036 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The outbreak of this coronavirus was first identified in Wuhan (Hubei, China) in December 2019, and it was declared as pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. Today, several vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been approved, and some neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are being tested as therapeutic approaches for COVID-19 but, one of the key questions is whether both vaccines and monoclonal antibodies could be effective against infections by new SARS-CoV-2 variants. Nevertheless, there are currently more than 1000 ongoing clinical trials focusing on the use and effectiveness of antiviral drugs as a possible therapeutic treatment. Among the classes of antiviral drugs are included 3CL protein inhibitors, RNA synthesis inhibitors and other small molecule drugs which target the ability of SARS-COV-2 to interact with host cells. Considering the need to find specific treatment to prevent the emergent outbreak, the aim of this review is to explain how some repurposed antiviral drugs, indicated for the treatment of other viral infections, could be potential candidates for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Vittoria Bauso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (L.V.B.); (C.I.); (G.I.); (G.C.)
| | - Chiara Imbesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (L.V.B.); (C.I.); (G.I.); (G.C.)
- Laboratori Campisi, Corso Vittorio Emanuele 231, 96012 Avola, Italy
| | - Gasparo Irene
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (L.V.B.); (C.I.); (G.I.); (G.C.)
| | - Gabriella Calì
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (L.V.B.); (C.I.); (G.I.); (G.C.)
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (L.V.B.); (C.I.); (G.I.); (G.C.)
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24
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Wang Q, Zhang Q, Zheng M, Wen J, Li Q, Zhao G. Viral-Host Interactome Analysis Reveals Chicken STAU2 Interacts With Non-structural Protein 1 and Promotes the Replication of H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus. Front Immunol 2021; 12:590679. [PMID: 33968009 PMCID: PMC8098808 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.590679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As a highly pathogenic influenza virus, H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) poses a great threat to poultry production and public health. H5N1 AIV has a small genome and, therefore, relies heavily on its host cellular machinery to replicate. To develop a comprehensive understanding of how H5N1 AIV rewires host cellular machinery during the course of infection, it is crucial to identify which host proteins and complexes come into physical contact with the viral proteins. Here, we utilized affinity purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS) to systematically determine the physical interactions of 11 H5N1 AIV proteins with host proteins in chicken DF1 cells. We identified with high confidence 1,043 H5N1 AIV–chicken interactions involving 621 individual chicken proteins and uncovered a number of host proteins and complexes that were targeted by the viral proteins. Specifically, we revealed that chicken Staufen double-stranded RNA-binding protein 2 interacts with AIV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) and promotes the replication of the virus by enhancing the nuclear export of NS1 mRNA. This dataset facilitates a more comprehensive and detailed understanding of how the host machinery is manipulated during the course of H5N1 AIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maiqing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guiping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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25
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Duev-Cohen A, Isaacson B, Berhani O, Charpak-Amikam Y, Friedman N, Drori Y, Mandelboim M, Mandelboim O. Altered NKp46 Recognition and Elimination of Influenza B Viruses. Viruses 2020; 13:v13010034. [PMID: 33375516 PMCID: PMC7824211 DOI: 10.3390/v13010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year, millions of people worldwide are infected with influenza, causing enormous health and economic problems. The most common type of influenza is influenza A. It is known that Natural Killer (NK) cells play an important role in controlling influenza A infection, mostly through the recognition of the viral protein hemagglutinin (HA) by the activating receptor, NKp46. In contrast, little is known regarding NK cell recognition of influenza B viruses, even though they are responsible for a third of all pediatric influenza deaths and are therefore included in the seasonal vaccine each year. Here we show that NKp46 also recognizes influenza B viruses. We show that NKp46 binds the HA protein of influenza B in a sialic acid-dependent manner, and identified the glycosylated residue in NKp46, which is critical for this interaction. We discovered that this interaction has a binding affinity approximately seven times lower than NKp46 binding of influenza A’s HA. Finally, we demonstrated, using mice deficient for the mouse orthologue of NKp46, named NCR1, that NKp46 is not important for influenza B elimination. These findings enable us to better understand the interactions between the different influenza viruses and NK cells that are known to be crucial for viral elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Duev-Cohen
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.D.-C.); (B.I.); (O.B.); (Y.C.-A.)
| | - Batya Isaacson
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.D.-C.); (B.I.); (O.B.); (Y.C.-A.)
| | - Orit Berhani
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.D.-C.); (B.I.); (O.B.); (Y.C.-A.)
| | - Yoav Charpak-Amikam
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.D.-C.); (B.I.); (O.B.); (Y.C.-A.)
| | - Nehemya Friedman
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Public Health Services, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel; (N.F.); (Y.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Yaron Drori
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Public Health Services, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel; (N.F.); (Y.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Public Health Services, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 5265601, Israel; (N.F.); (Y.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (A.D.-C.); (B.I.); (O.B.); (Y.C.-A.)
- Correspondence:
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Ninyio NN, Ho KL, Omar AR, Tan WS, Iqbal M, Mariatulqabtiah AR. Virus-like Particle Vaccines: A Prospective Panacea Against an Avian Influenza Panzootic. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E694. [PMID: 33227887 PMCID: PMC7712863 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epizootics of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) have resulted in the deaths of millions of birds leading to huge financial losses to the poultry industry worldwide. The roles of migratory wild birds in the harbouring, mutation, and transmission of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), and the lack of broad-spectrum prophylactic vaccines present imminent threats of a global panzootic. To prevent this, control measures that include effective AIV surveillance programmes, treatment regimens, and universal vaccines are being developed and analysed for their effectiveness. We reviewed the epidemiology of AIVs with regards to past avian influenza (AI) outbreaks in birds. The AIV surveillance programmes in wild and domestic birds, as well as their roles in AI control were also evaluated. We discussed the limitations of the currently used AI vaccines, which necessitated the development of a universal vaccine. We evaluated the current development of AI vaccines based upon virus-like particles (VLPs), particularly those displaying the matrix-2 ectodomain (M2e) peptide. Finally, we highlighted the prospects of these VLP vaccines as universal vaccines with the potential of preventing an AI panzootic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Nyakaat Ninyio
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.N.N.); (W.S.T.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University, Kaduna 800241, Nigeria
| | - Kok Lian Ho
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Wen Siang Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.N.N.); (W.S.T.)
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Munir Iqbal
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking GU24 0NF, UK;
| | - Abdul Razak Mariatulqabtiah
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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Kim SM, Kim J, Noh S, Sohn H, Lee T. Recent Development of Aptasensor for Influenza Virus Detection. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2020; 14:327-339. [PMID: 33224441 PMCID: PMC7670017 DOI: 10.1007/s13206-020-4401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In nowadays, we have entered the new era of pandemics and the significance of virus detection deeply impacts human society. Viruses with genetic mutations are reported nearly every year, and people have prepared tools to detect the virus and vaccines to ensure proper treatments. Influenza virus (IV) is one of the most harmful viruses reporting various mutations, sub-types, and rapid infection speed for humans and animals including swine and poultry. Moreover, IV infection presents several harmful symptoms including cough, fever, diarrhea, chills, even causing death. To reduce the IV-induced harm, its proper and rapid detection is highly required. Conventional techniques were used against various IV sub-types including H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1. However, some of the techniques are time-consuming, expensive, or labor-intensive for detecting IV. Recently, the nucleic acid-based aptamer has gained attention as a novel bioprobe for constructing a biosensor. In this review, the authors discuss the recent progress in aptasensors for detecting IV in terms of an electrochemical and an optical biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Min Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01899 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmyeong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01899 Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Noh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01899 Republic of Korea
| | - Hiesang Sohn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01899 Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01899 Republic of Korea
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Adaptation of influenza B virus by serial passage in human airway epithelial cells. Virology 2020; 549:68-76. [PMID: 32853848 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Influenza B viruses cause seasonal epidemics and are a considerable burden to public health. To understand their adaptation capability, we examined the genetic changes that occurred following 15 serial passages of two influenza B viruses, B/Brisbane/60/2008 and B/Victoria/504/2000, in human epithelial cells. Thirteen distinct amino acid mutations were found in the PB1, PA, hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and M proteins after serial passage in the human lung epithelial cell line, Calu-3, and normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells. These changes were associated with significantly decreased viral replication levels. Our results demonstrate that adaptation of influenza B viruses for growth in human airway epithelial cells is partially conferred by selection of HA1, NA, and polymerase mutations that regulate receptor specificity, functional compatibility with the HA protein, and polymerase activity, respectively.
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Matsuda T, Tanijima T, Hirose A, Masumi-Koizumi K, Katsuda T, Yamaji H. Production of influenza virus-like particles using recombinant insect cells. Biochem Eng J 2020; 163:107757. [PMID: 32834743 PMCID: PMC7427601 DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus-like particles (VLPs) were produced using recombinant insect cells. VLPs were produced using insect cells as host cells without using a baculovirus. A secretory form of VLPs consists of hemagglutinin and matrix protein 1. The VLP productivity is comparable to that of the baculovirus–insect cell system.
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are hollow nanoparticles composed of recombinant viral surface proteins without a virus genome. In the present study, we investigated the production of influenza VLPs using recombinant insect cells. DNA fragments encoding influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) and matrix protein 1 (M1) were cloned with the Drosophila BiP signal sequence in plasmid vectors containing a blasticidin and a neomycin resistance gene, respectively. After Trichoplusia ni BTI-TN-5B1-4 (High Five) cells were co-transfected with a pair of constructed plasmid vectors, stably transformed cells were established via incubation with blasticidin and G418. Western blot analyses showed that recombinant High Five cells secreted HA and M1 proteins into the culture supernatant. Immunoprecipitation of the culture supernatant with an anti-HA antibody and transmission electron microscopy suggested that secreted HA and M1 proteins were in a particulate structure with a morphology similar to that of an influenza virus. Hemagglutination assay indicated that expressed HA molecules retained hemagglutination activity. In a shake-flask culture, recombinant cells achieved a high HA yield (≈ 10 μg/ml) comparable to the yields obtained using the baculovirus–insect cell system. Recombinant insect cells may serve as excellent platforms for the efficient production of influenza VLPs for use as safe and effective vaccines and diagnostic antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Matsuda
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Tanijima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akito Hirose
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kyoko Masumi-Koizumi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Katsuda
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hideki Yamaji
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Potential Role of Nonneutralizing IgA Antibodies in Cross-Protective Immunity against Influenza A Viruses of Multiple Hemagglutinin Subtypes. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00408-20. [PMID: 32269119 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00408-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA antibodies on mucosal surfaces are known to play an important role in protection from influenza A virus (IAV) infection and are believed to be more potent than IgG for cross-protective immunity against IAVs of multiple hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes. However, in general, neutralizing antibodies specific to HA are principally HA subtype specific. Here, we focus on nonneutralizing but broadly cross-reactive HA-specific IgA antibodies. Recombinant IgG, monomeric IgA (mIgA), and polymeric secretory IgA (pSIgA) antibodies were generated based on the sequence of a mouse anti-HA monoclonal antibody (MAb) 5A5 that had no neutralizing activity but showed broad binding capacity to multiple HA subtypes. While confirming that there was no neutralizing activity of the recombinant MAbs against IAV strains A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1), A/Adachi/2/1957 (H2N2), A/Hong Kong/483/1997 (H5N1), A/shearwater/South Australia/1/1972 (H6N5), A/duck/England/1/1956 (H11N6), and A/duck/Alberta/60/1976 (H12N5), we found that pSIgA, but not mIgA and IgG, significantly reduced budding and release of most of the viruses from infected cells. Electron microscopy demonstrated that pSIgA deposited newly produced virus particles on the surfaces of infected cells, most likely due to tethering of virus particles. Furthermore, we found that pSIgA showed significantly higher activity to reduce plaque sizes of the viruses than IgG and mIgA. These results suggest that nonneutralizing pSIgA reactive to multiple HA subtypes may play a role in intersubtype cross-protective immunity against IAVs.IMPORTANCE Mucosal immunity represented by pSIgA plays important roles in protection from IAV infection. Furthermore, IAV HA-specific pSIgA antibodies are thought to contribute to cross-protective immunity against multiple IAV subtypes. However, the mechanisms by which pSIgA exerts such versatile antiviral activity are not fully understood. In this study, we generated broadly cross-reactive recombinant IgG and pSIgA having the same antigen-recognition site and compared their antiviral activities in vitro These recombinant antibodies did not show "classical" neutralizing activity, whereas pSIgA, but not IgG, significantly inhibited the production of progeny virus particles from infected cells. Plaque formation was also significantly reduced by pSIgA, but not IgG. These effects were seen in infection with IAVs of several different HA subtypes. Based on our findings, we propose an antibody-mediated host defense mechanism by which mucosal immunity may contribute to broad cross-protection from IAVs of multiple HA subtypes, including viruses with pandemic potential.
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Radyukhin VA, Baratova LA. Molecular Mechanisms of Raft Organization in Biological Membranes. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020030164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Intrinsically disordered proteins of viruses: Involvement in the mechanism of cell regulation and pathogenesis. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 174:1-78. [PMID: 32828463 PMCID: PMC7129803 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) possess the property of inherent flexibility and can be distinguished from other proteins in terms of lack of any fixed structure. Such dynamic behavior of IDPs earned the name "Dancing Proteins." The exploration of these dancing proteins in viruses has just started and crucial details such as correlation of rapid evolution, high rate of mutation and accumulation of disordered contents in viral proteome at least understood partially. In order to gain a complete understanding of this correlation, there is a need to decipher the complexity of viral mediated cell hijacking and pathogenesis in the host organism. Further there is necessity to identify the specific patterns within viral and host IDPs such as aggregation; Molecular recognition features (MoRFs) and their association to virulence, host range and rate of evolution of viruses in order to tackle the viral-mediated diseases. The current book chapter summarizes the aforementioned details and suggests the novel opportunities for further research of IDPs senses in viruses.
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Immunization with DNA prime-subunit protein boost strategy based on influenza H9N2 virus conserved matrix protein M1 and its epitope screening. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4144. [PMID: 32139720 PMCID: PMC7057951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60783-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing an effective universal influenza vaccine against influenza virus with highly conserved antigenic epitopes could induce a broad-spectrum immune response to prevent infection. The soluble protein M1 that can induce the M1 specific immune response was first confirmed in our previous study. In this study, we characterized the immune response induced by DNA prime-subunit protein boost strategy based on the relatively conserved matrix protein 1 (M1) in the BALB/c mouse model, and evaluated its protection ability against a lethal challenge of homologous H9N2 avian influenza virus (A/Chicken/Jiangsu/11/2002). The results showed that 100 μg DNA prime + 100 μg M1 subunit protein boost-strategy significantly increased antibody levels more than vaccination with M1 DNA or M1 subunit protein alone, and induced a more balanced Th1 / Th2 immune response, which not only can provide protection against the homologous virus but also can provide part of the cross-protection against the heterosubtypic PR8 H1N1 strain. In addition, we used an Elispot assay to preliminary screen the T cell epitope in M1 protein, and identified that p22 (M111-25 VLSIIPSGPLKAEIA) epitope was the only immunodominant M1-specific CD4+ T cell epitopes, which could be helpful in understanding the function of influenza virus T cell epitopes.
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Zak AJ, Hill BD, Rizvi SM, Smith MR, Yang M, Wen F. Enhancing the Yield and Quality of Influenza Virus-like Particles (VLPs) Produced in Insect Cells by Inhibiting Cytopathic Effects of Matrix Protein M2. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:2303-2314. [PMID: 31487465 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To provide broader protection and eliminate the need for annual update of influenza vaccines, biomolecular engineering of influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) to display more conserved influenza proteins such as the matrix protein M2 has been explored. However, achieving high surface density of full-length M2 in influenza VLPs has been left unrealized. In this study, we show that the ion channel activity of M2 induces significant cytopathic effects in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells when expressed using M2-encoding baculovirus. These effects include altered Sf9 cell morphology and reduced baculovirus replication, resulting in impaired influenza protein expression and thus VLP production. On the basis of the function of M2, we hypothesized that blocking its ion channel activity could potentially relieve these cytopathic effects, and thus restore influenza protein expression to improve VLP production. The use of the M2 inhibitor amantadine indeed improves Sf9 cellular expression not only of M2 (∼3-fold), but also of hemagglutinin (HA) (∼7-fold) and of matrix protein M1 (∼3-fold) when coexpressed to produce influenza VLPs. This increased cellular expression of all three influenza proteins further leads to ∼2-fold greater VLP yield. More importantly, the quality of the resulting influenza VLPs is significantly improved, as demonstrated by the ∼2-fold, ∼50-fold, and ∼2-fold increase in the antigen density to approximately 53 HA, 48 M1, and 156 M2 per influenza VLP, respectively. Taken together, this study represents a novel approach to enable the efficient incorporation of full-length M2 while enhancing both the yield and quality of influenza VLPs produced by Sf9 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Zak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Brett D. Hill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Syed M. Rizvi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mason R. Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Madeleine Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Fei Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Host Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Modulating Influenza A Virus Disease in Humans. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040168. [PMID: 31574965 PMCID: PMC6963926 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of human genes associated with viral infections contain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which represent a genetic variation caused by the change of a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence. SNPs are located in coding or non-coding genomic regions and can affect gene expression or protein function by different mechanisms. Furthermore, they have been linked to multiple human diseases, highlighting their medical relevance. Therefore, the identification and analysis of this kind of polymorphisms in the human genome has gained high importance in the research community, and an increasing number of studies have been published during the last years. As a consequence of this exhaustive exploration, an association between the presence of some specific SNPs and the susceptibility or severity of many infectious diseases in some risk population groups has been found. In this review, we discuss the relevance of SNPs that are important to understand the pathology derived from influenza A virus (IAV) infections in humans and the susceptibility of some individuals to suffer more severe symptoms. We also discuss the importance of SNPs for IAV vaccine effectiveness.
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Influenza A matrix protein M1 induces lipid membrane deformation via protein multimerization. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20191024. [PMID: 31324731 PMCID: PMC6682550 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The matrix protein M1 of the Influenza A virus (IAV) is supposed to mediate viral assembly and budding at the plasma membrane (PM) of infected cells. In order for a new viral particle to form, the PM lipid bilayer has to bend into a vesicle toward the extracellular side. Studies in cellular models have proposed that different viral proteins might be responsible for inducing membrane curvature in this context (including M1), but a clear consensus has not been reached. In the present study, we use a combination of fluorescence microscopy, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) and scanning fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (sFCS) to investigate M1-induced membrane deformation in biophysical models of the PM. Our results indicate that M1 is indeed able to cause membrane curvature in lipid bilayers containing negatively charged lipids, in the absence of other viral components. Furthermore, we prove that protein binding is not sufficient to induce membrane restructuring. Rather, it appears that stable M1-M1 interactions and multimer formation are required in order to alter the bilayer three-dimensional structure, through the formation of a protein scaffold. Finally, our results suggest that, in a physiological context, M1-induced membrane deformation might be modulated by the initial bilayer curvature and the lateral organization of membrane components (i.e. the presence of lipid domains).
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Zhu L, Zhao W, Lu J, Li S, Zhou K, Jiang W, Duan X, Fu L, Yu B, Cai KQ, Gao GF, Liu W, Fang M. Influenza virus matrix protein M1 interacts with SLD5 to block host cell cycle. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13038. [PMID: 31050118 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus matrix 1 protein (M1) is highly conserved and plays essential roles at many stages of virus life cycle. Here, we used a yeast two-hybrid system to identify the host protein SLD5, a component of the GINS complex, which is essential for the initiation of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells, as a new M1 interacting protein. M1 from several different influenza virus strains all interacted with SLD5. Overexpression of SLD5 suppressed influenza virus replication. Transient, stable, or inducible expression of M1 induced host cell cycle blockade at G0/G1 phase. Moreover, SLD5 partially rescued M1 expression- or influenza virus infection-induced G0/G1 phase accumulation in cell lines and primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Importantly, SLD5 transgenic mice exhibited higher resistance and improved lung epithelial regeneration after virus infection compared with wild-type mice. Therefore, influenza virus M1 blocks host cell cycle process by interacting with SLD5. Our finding reveals the multifunctional nature of M1 and provides new insight for understanding influenza virus-host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenming Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bolan Yu
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kathy Q Cai
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - George Fu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Amarelle L, Katzen J, Shigemura M, Welch LC, Cajigas H, Peteranderl C, Celli D, Herold S, Lecuona E, Sznajder JI. Cardiac glycosides decrease influenza virus replication by inhibiting cell protein translational machinery. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L1094-L1106. [PMID: 30892074 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00173.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides (CGs) are used primarily for cardiac failure and have been reported to have other effects, including inhibition of viral replication. Here we set out to study mechanisms by which CGs as inhibitors of the Na-K-ATPase decrease influenza A virus (IAV) replication in the lungs. We found that CGs inhibit influenza virus replication in alveolar epithelial cells by decreasing intracellular potassium, which in turn inhibits protein translation, independently of viral entry, mRNA transcription, and protein degradation. These effects were independent of the Src signaling pathway and intracellular calcium concentration changes. We found that short-term treatment with ouabain prevented IAV replication without cytotoxicity. Rodents express a Na-K-ATPase-α1 resistant to CGs. Thus we utilized Na-K-ATPase-α1-sensitive mice, infected them with high doses of influenza virus, and observed a modest survival benefit when treated with ouabain. In summary, we provide evidence that the inhibition of the Na-K-ATPase by CGs decreases influenza A viral replication by modulating the cell protein translational machinery and results in a modest survival benefit in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Amarelle
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois.,Departamento de Fisiopatología, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Montevideo , Uruguay
| | - Jeremy Katzen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois.,Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Masahiko Shigemura
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lynn C Welch
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Héctor Cajigas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christin Peteranderl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center , Giessen , Germany
| | - Diego Celli
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Susanne Herold
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center , Giessen , Germany
| | - Emilia Lecuona
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jacob I Sznajder
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
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Genetic Compatibility of Reassortants between Avian H5N1 and H9N2 Influenza Viruses with Higher Pathogenicity in Mammals. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01969-18. [PMID: 30463961 PMCID: PMC6363993 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01969-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Close interaction between avian influenza (AI) viruses and humans in Egypt appears to have resulted in many of the worldwide cases of human infections by both H5N1 and H9N2 AI viruses. Egypt is regarded as a hot spot of AI virus evolution. Although no natural reassortant of H5N1 and H9N2 AI viruses has been reported so far, their cocirculation in Egypt may allow emergence of reassortants that may present a significant public health risk. Using reverse genetics, we report here the first comprehensive data showing that H5N1-N9N2 reassortants have fairly high genetic compatibility and possibly higher pathogenicity in mammals, including humans, than the parental viruses. Our results provide insight into the emergence potential of avian H5N1-H9N2 reassortants that may pose a high public health risk. The cocirculation of H5N1 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses in birds in Egypt provides reassortment opportunities between these two viruses. However, little is known about the emergence potential of reassortants derived from Egyptian H5N1 and H9N2 viruses and about the biological properties of such reassortants. To evaluate the potential public health risk of reassortants of these viruses, we used reverse genetics to generate the 63 possible reassortants derived from contemporary Egyptian H5N1 and H9N2 viruses, containing the H5N1 surface gene segments and combinations of the H5N1 and H9N2 internal gene segments, and analyzed their genetic compatibility, replication ability, and virulence in mice. Genes in the reassortants showed remarkably high compatibility. The replication of most reassortants was higher than the parental H5N1 virus in human cells. Six reassortants were thought to emerge in birds under neutral or positive selective pressure, and four of them had higher pathogenicity in vivo than the parental H5N1 and H9N2 viruses. Our results indicated that H5N1-H9N2 reassortants could be transmitted efficiently to mammals with significant public health risk if they emerge in Egypt, although the viruses might not emerge frequently in birds. IMPORTANCE Close interaction between avian influenza (AI) viruses and humans in Egypt appears to have resulted in many of the worldwide cases of human infections by both H5N1 and H9N2 AI viruses. Egypt is regarded as a hot spot of AI virus evolution. Although no natural reassortant of H5N1 and H9N2 AI viruses has been reported so far, their cocirculation in Egypt may allow emergence of reassortants that may present a significant public health risk. Using reverse genetics, we report here the first comprehensive data showing that H5N1-N9N2 reassortants have fairly high genetic compatibility and possibly higher pathogenicity in mammals, including humans, than the parental viruses. Our results provide insight into the emergence potential of avian H5N1-H9N2 reassortants that may pose a high public health risk.
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41
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Eckart V, Yamaguchi T, Franzke K, Bergmann SM, Boudinot P, Quillet E, Kawanobe M, de Haro NA, Fischer U. New cell lines for efficient propagation of koi herpesvirus and infectious salmon anaemia virus. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:181-187. [PMID: 30537062 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The production of piscine viruses, in particular of koi herpesvirus (KHV, CyHV-3) and infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV), is still challenging due to the limited susceptibility of available cell lines to these viruses. A number of cell lines from different fish species were compared to standard diagnostic cell lines for KHV and ISAV regarding their capability to exhibit a cytopathic effect (CPE) and to accumulate virus. Two cell lines, so far undescribed, appeared to be useful for diagnostic purposes. Fr994, a cell line derived from ovaries of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), produced constantly high ISA virus (ISAV) titres and developed a pronounced CPE even at high cell passage numbers, while standard cell lines are reported to gradually loose these properties upon propagation. Another cell line isolated from the head kidney of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), KoK, showed a KHV induced CPE earlier than the standard cell line used for diagnostics. A third cell line, named Fin-4, established from the fin epithelium of rainbow trout did not promote efficient replication of tested viruses, but showed antigen sampling properties and might be useful as an in vitro model for virus uptake or phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Eckart
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Institute of Infectology, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Takuya Yamaguchi
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Institute of Infectology, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Kati Franzke
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Institute of Infectology, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sven M Bergmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Institute of Infectology, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Edwige Quillet
- IGABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Motokazu Kawanobe
- Nagano Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station, Akashina-Nakagawate, Japan
| | | | - Uwe Fischer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Institute of Infectology, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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42
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Machkovech HM, Bloom JD, Subramaniam AR. Comprehensive profiling of translation initiation in influenza virus infected cells. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007518. [PMID: 30673779 PMCID: PMC6361465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation can initiate at alternate, non-canonical start codons in response to stressful stimuli in mammalian cells. Recent studies suggest that viral infection and anti-viral responses alter sites of translation initiation, and in some cases, lead to production of novel immune epitopes. Here we systematically investigate the extent and impact of alternate translation initiation in cells infected with influenza virus. We perform evolutionary analyses that suggest selection against non-canonical initiation at CUG codons in influenza virus lineages that have adapted to mammalian hosts. We then use ribosome profiling with the initiation inhibitor lactimidomycin to experimentally delineate translation initiation sites in a human lung epithelial cell line infected with influenza virus. We identify several candidate sites of alternate initiation in influenza mRNAs, all of which occur at AUG codons that are downstream of canonical initiation codons. One of these candidate downstream start sites truncates 14 amino acids from the N-terminus of the N1 neuraminidase protein, resulting in loss of its cytoplasmic tail and a portion of the transmembrane domain. This truncated neuraminidase protein is expressed on the cell surface during influenza virus infection, is enzymatically active, and is conserved in most N1 viral lineages. We do not detect globally higher levels of alternate translation initiation on host transcripts upon influenza infection or during the anti-viral response, but the subset of host transcripts induced by the anti-viral response is enriched for alternate initiation sites. Together, our results systematically map the landscape of translation initiation during influenza virus infection, and shed light on the evolutionary forces shaping this landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M. Machkovech
- Division of Basic Sciences and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jesse D. Bloom
- Division of Basic Sciences and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Arvind R. Subramaniam
- Division of Basic Sciences and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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43
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Global Interactomics Connect Nuclear Mitotic Apparatus Protein NUMA1 to Influenza Virus Maturation. Viruses 2018; 10:v10120731. [PMID: 30572664 PMCID: PMC6316800 DOI: 10.3390/v10120731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infections remain a major human health threat. IAV has enormous genetic plasticity and can rapidly escape virus-targeted anti-viral strategies. Thus, there is increasing interest to identify host proteins and processes the virus requires for replication and maturation. The IAV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is a critical multifunctional protein that is expressed to high levels in infected cells. Host proteins that interact with NS1 may serve as ideal targets for attenuating IAV replication. We previously developed and characterized broadly cross-reactive anti-NS1 monoclonal antibodies. For the current study, we used these mAbs to co-immunoprecipitate native IAV NS1 and interacting host proteins; 183 proteins were consistently identified in this NS1 interactome study, 124 of which have not been previously reported. RNAi screens identified 11 NS1-interacting host factors as vital for IAV replication. Knocking down one of these, nuclear mitotic apparatus protein 1 (NUMA1), dramatically reduced IAV replication. IAV genomic transcription and translation were not inhibited but transport of viral structural proteins to the cell membrane was hindered during maturation steps in NUMA1 knockdown (KD) cells.
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44
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Švančarová P, Betáková T. Conserved methionine 165 of matrix protein contributes to the nuclear import and is essential for influenza A virus replication. Virol J 2018; 15:187. [PMID: 30509291 PMCID: PMC6276163 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-1056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influenza matrix protein (M1) layer under the viral membrane plays multiple roles in virus assembly and infection. N-domain and C-domain are connected by a loop region, which consists of conserved RQMV motif. METHODS The function of the highly conserve RQMV motif in the influenza virus life cycle was investigated by site-directed mutagenesis and by rescuing mutant viruses by reverse genetics. Co-localization of M1 with nucleoprotein (NP), clustered mitochondria homolog protein (CLUH), chromosome region maintenance 1 protein (CRM1), or plasma membrane were studied by confocal microscopy. RESULTS Mutant viruses containing an alanine substitution of R163, Q164 and V166 result in the production of the virus indistinguishable from the wild type phenotype. Single M165A substitution was lethal for rescuing infection virus and had a striking effect on the distribution of M1 and NP proteins. We have observed statistically significant reduction in distribution of both M165A (p‹0,05) and NP (p‹0,001) proteins to the nucleus in the cells transfected with the reverse -genetic system with mutated M1. M165A protein was co-localized with CLUH protein in the cytoplasm and around the nucleus but transport of M165-CLUH complex through the nuclear membrane was restricted. CONCLUSIONS Our finding suggest that methionine 165 is essential for virus replication and RQMV motif is involved in the nuclear import of viral proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Švančarová
- Biomedical Research Center - Slovaks Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Tatiana Betáková
- Biomedical Research Center - Slovaks Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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45
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Kumar P, Gaur P, Kumari R, Lal SK. Influenza A virus neuraminidase protein interacts with Hsp90, to stabilize itself and enhance cell survival. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:6449-6458. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mewar University Chittorgarh India
- Virology Group International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi India
| | - Pratibha Gaur
- Virology Group International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi India
- Research Group Model Systems for Infection Helmholtz Center for Infection Research Braunschweig Germany
| | - Rashmi Kumari
- Virology Group International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi India
| | - Sunil K Lal
- Department of Biotechnology, Mewar University Chittorgarh India
- Virology Group International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi India
- School of Science Monash University Bandar Sunway Malaysia
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46
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Martínez-Sobrido L, Peersen O, Nogales A. Temperature Sensitive Mutations in Influenza A Viral Ribonucleoprotein Complex Responsible for the Attenuation of the Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine. Viruses 2018; 10:E560. [PMID: 30326610 PMCID: PMC6213772 DOI: 10.3390/v10100560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) have prevented morbidity and mortality associated with influenza viral infections for many years and represent the best therapeutic option to protect against influenza viral infections in humans. However, the development of LAIV has traditionally relied on empirical methods, such as the adaptation of viruses to replicate at low temperatures. These approaches require an extensive investment of time and resources before identifying potential vaccine candidates that can be safely implemented as LAIV to protect humans. In addition, the mechanism of attenuation of these vaccines is poorly understood in some cases. Importantly, LAIV are more efficacious than inactivated vaccines because their ability to mount efficient innate and adaptive humoral and cellular immune responses. Therefore, the design of potential LAIV based on known properties of viral proteins appears to be a highly appropriate option for the treatment of influenza viral infections. For that, the viral RNA synthesis machinery has been a research focus to identify key amino acid substitutions that can lead to viral attenuation and their use in safe, immunogenic, and protective LAIV. In this review, we discuss the potential to manipulate the influenza viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) complex to generate attenuated forms of the virus that can be used as LAIV for the treatment of influenza viral infections, one of the current and most effective prophylactic options for the control of influenza in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Martínez-Sobrido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Olve Peersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Aitor Nogales
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA.
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47
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CDC25B promotes influenza A virus replication by regulating the phosphorylation of nucleoprotein. Virology 2018; 525:40-47. [PMID: 30240957 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell division cycle 25 B (CDC25B) is a member of the CDC25 phosphatase family. It can dephosphorylate cyclin-dependent kinases and regulate the cell division cycle. Moreover, siRNA knockdown of CDC25B impairs influenza A virus (IAV) replication. Here, to further understand the regulatory mechanism of CDC25B for IAV replication, a CDC25B-knockout (KO) 293T cell line was constructed using CRISPR/Cas9. The present data indicated that the replication of IAV was decreased in CDC25B-KO cells. Additionally, CDC25B deficiency damaged viral polymerase activity, nucleoprotein (NP) self-oligomerization, and NP nuclear export. Most importantly, we found that the NP phosphorylation levels were significantly increased in CDC25B-KO cells. These findings indicate that CDC25B facilitates the dephosphorylation of NP, which is vital for regulating NP functions and the life cycle of IAV.
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48
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Pushko P, Tretyakova I, Hidajat R, Sun X, Belser JA, Tumpey TM. Multi-clade H5N1 virus-like particles: Immunogenicity and protection against H5N1 virus and effects of beta-propiolactone. Vaccine 2018; 36:4346-4353. [PMID: 29885769 PMCID: PMC6070352 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have diversified genetically and antigenically, suggesting the need for multiple H5N1 vaccines. However, preparation of multiple vaccines from live H5N1 HPAI viruses is difficult and economically not feasible representing a challenge for pandemic preparedness. Here we evaluated a novel multi-clade recombinant H5N1 virus-like particle (VLP) design, in which H5 hemagglutinins (HA) and N1 neuraminidase (NA) derived from four distinct clades of H5N1 virus were co-localized within the VLP structure. The multi-clade H5N1 VLPs were prepared by using a recombinant baculovirus expression system and evaluated for functional hemagglutination and neuraminidase enzyme activities, particle size and morphology, as well as for the presence of baculovirus in the purified VLP preparations. To remove residual baculovirus, VLP preparations were treated with beta-propiolactone (BPL). Immunogenicity and efficacy of multi-clade H5N1 VLPs were determined in an experimental ferret H5N1 HPAI challenge model, to ascertain the effect of BPL on immunogenicity and protective efficacy against lethal challenge. Although treatment with BPL reduced immunogenicity of VLPs, all vaccinated ferrets were protected from lethal challenge with influenza A/VietNam/1203/2004 (H5N1) HPAI virus, indicating that multi-clade VLP preparations treated with BPL represent a potential approach for pandemic preparedness vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Pushko
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike, Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
| | - Irina Tretyakova
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike, Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Rachmat Hidajat
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike, Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Xiangjie Sun
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica A Belser
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Terrence M Tumpey
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Pan W, Dong J, Chen P, Zhang B, Li Z, Chen L. Development and application of bioluminescence imaging for the influenza A virus. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:S2230-S2237. [PMID: 30116602 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.02.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause seasonal epidemics and intermittent pandemics which threaten human health. Conventional assays cannot meet the demands for rapid and sensitive detection of viral spread and pathogenesis in real time cannot be used for high-throughput screens of novel antivirals. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) has emerged as a powerful tool in the study of infectious diseases in animal models. The advent of influenza reverse genetics has enabled the incorporation of bioluminescent reporter proteins into replication-competent IAVs. This review briefly describes the current development and applications of bioluminescence in the study of viral infections and antiviral therapeutics for IAVs. BLI is expected to substantially accelerate the basic and applied research of IAV both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Ji Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Peihai Chen
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Beiwu Zhang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Zhixia Li
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China.,Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
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50
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Mehrbod P, Abdalla MA, Fotouhi F, Heidarzadeh M, Aro AO, Eloff JN, McGaw LJ, Fasina FO. Immunomodulatory properties of quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside from Rapanea melanophloeos against influenza a virus. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:184. [PMID: 29903008 PMCID: PMC6003079 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza infection is a major public health threat. The role of influenza A virus-induced inflammatory response in severe cases of this disease is widely recognized. Drug resistance and side effects of chemical treatments have been observed, resulting in increased interest in alternative use of herbal medications for prophylaxis against this infection. The South African medicinal plant, Rapanea melanophloeos (RM) (L.) Mez of the family Myrsinaceae was selected owing to its traditional use for the treatment of several diseases such as respiratory ailments and also previous preliminary studies of anti-influenza activity of its methanolic extract. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of a glycoside flavone isolated from RM against influenza A virus. METHODS The non-cytotoxic concentration of the quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (Q3R) was determined by MTT assay and tested for activity against influenza A virus (IAV) in simultaneous, pre-penetration and post-penetration combination treatments over 1 h incubation on MDCK cells. The virus titer and viral load targeting NP and M2 viral genes were determined using HA and qPCR, respectively. TNF-α and IL-27 as pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured at RNA and protein levels by qPCR and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS Quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside at 150 μg/ml decreased the viral titer by 6 logs (p < 0.01) in the simultaneous procedure. The NP and M2 genes copy numbers as viral target genes, calculated based on the Ct values and standard formula, significantly decreased in simultaneous treatment (p < 0.01). The expression of cytokines was also considerably affected by the compound treatment. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside from RM and its immunomodulatory properties against influenza A virus. Further research will focus on detecting the specific mechanism of virus-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of IRAN, Tehran, Iran
| | - Muna Ali Abdalla
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, 13314 Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Fatemeh Fotouhi
- Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of IRAN, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Heidarzadeh
- Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of IRAN, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abimbola O. Aro
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jacobus N. Eloff
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lyndy J. McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Folorunso O. Fasina
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- ECTAD, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), House H Sida, Ada Estate, P.O.Box 2, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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