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Meng Y, Wei Y, Jin M, Zhang Y, Zhang S. Straw degradation enhanced in Thermomyces lanuginosus by transferring AgCMCase from Aspergillus glaucus. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 413:131431. [PMID: 39241812 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Fungi play a crucial role in straw composting due to the synergistic degradation effects of their secreted lignocellulose hydrolases. An efficient straw-composting system relies on thermophilic fungi and their lignocellulose hydrolases. Thermomyces lanuginosus, a typical thermophilic fungus in compost, lacks cellulase genes. A versatile Thermomyces strain capable of degrading cellulose, T. lanuginosus M85, which grows at 67 °C, was developed and transformed using the AgCMCase of Aspergillus glaucus. The R6 transformant exhibited high-level expression of the AgCMCase. Significant quantities of active cellulase produced by R6 were detected in the cellulose fermentation broth, peaking within 6-8 days. Compost analysis indicated that R6 increased the internal compost temperatures and prolonged high-temperature durations. Correspondingly, more reducing sugars and humus were released, which could promote plants growth. In summary, a cellulase-producing strain of T. lanuginosus capable of efficiently converting straws into organic fertilizers was engineered. This innovation holds considerable promise for sustainable and circular agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Meng
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yi Wei
- The Key Laboratory for Extreme-Environmental Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Meng Jin
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Shihong Zhang
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; The Key Laboratory for Extreme-Environmental Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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2
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Bryson E, Anastasi A, Bricknell L, Kift R. Household dog fecal composting: Current issues and future directions. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024. [PMID: 38924209 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Dog feces are a known source of nutrient, pathogen, and plastic pollution that can harm human and ecosystem health. Home composting may be a more environmentally sustainable method of managing dog feces and reducing this pollution. While composting is an established method for recycling animal manures into low-risk soil conditioners for food production, few studies have investigated whether household-scale compost methods can safely and effectively process dog feces for use in backyard edible gardens. A broad range of literature on in situ composting of dog feces is evaluated and compared according to scale, parameters tested, and compost methods used. Studies are analyzed based on key identified knowledge gaps: appropriate compost technologies to produce quality soil conditioner on small scales, potential for fecal pathogen disinfection in mesophilic compost conditions, and biodegradation of compostable plastic dog waste bags in home compost systems. This review also discusses how existing methods and quality standards for commercial compost can be adapted to dog fecal home composting. Priorities for future research are investigation of household-scale aerobic compost methods and potential compost amendments needed to effectively decompose dog feces and compostable plastic dog waste bags to produce a good-quality, sanitized, beneficial soil conditioner for use in home gardens. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;00:1-16. © 2024 The Author(s). Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Bryson
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Wayville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amie Anastasi
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, North Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lisa Bricknell
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, North Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ryan Kift
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, North Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
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3
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Stegenta-Dąbrowska S, Korendał M, Kochanowicz M, Bondos M, Wiercik P, Medyńska-Juraszek A, Zafiu C. The Impact of Abiotic and Biotic Conditions for Degradation Behaviors of Common Biodegradable Products in Stabilized Composts. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2948. [PMID: 38930317 PMCID: PMC11205212 DOI: 10.3390/ma17122948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
This work examines the influence of the degradation behaviors of biotic and abiotic conditions on three types of biodegradable products: cups from PLA and from cellulose, and plates from sugarcane. The main objective of this study was to evaluate if biodegradable products can be degraded in composts that were stabilized by backyard composting. Furthermore, the impact of crucial abiotic parameters (temperature and pH) for the degradation behaviors process was investigated. The changes in the biopolymers were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. This work confirmed that abiotic and biotic conditions are important for an effective disintegration of the investigated biodegradable products. Under abiotic conditions, the degradation behaviors of PLA were observable under both tested temperature (38 and 59 °C) conditions, but only at the higher temperature was complete disintegration observed after 6 weeks of incubation in mature compost. Moreover, our research shows that some biodegradable products made from cellulose also need additional attention, especially with respect to incorporated additives, as composting could be altered and optimal conditions in composting may not be achieved. This study shows that the disintegration of biodegradable products is a comprehensive process and requires detailed evaluation during composting. The results also showed that biodegradable products can also be degraded post composting and that microplastic pollution from biodegradable polymers in soil may be removed by simple physical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Stegenta-Dąbrowska
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Str 37a, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (M.K.); (M.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Marek Korendał
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Str 37a, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (M.K.); (M.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Maks Kochanowicz
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Str 37a, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (M.K.); (M.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Marcin Bondos
- Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego Str 37a, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (M.K.); (M.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Paweł Wiercik
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Square 24, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Medyńska-Juraszek
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wrocław University of Environmentaland Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka Street 53, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Christian Zafiu
- Institute of Waste Management and Circularity, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 107, 1190 Wien, Austria;
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4
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González D, Barrena R, Moral-Vico J, Irigoyen I, Sánchez A. Addressing the gaseous and odour emissions gap in decentralised biowaste community composting. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 178:231-238. [PMID: 38412755 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Composting has demonstrated to be an effective and sustainable technology to valorise organic waste in the framework of circular economy, especially for biowaste. Composting can be performed in various technological options, from full-scale plants to community or even individual composters. However, there is scarce scientific information about the potential impact of community composting referred to gaseous emissions. This work examines the emissions of methane and nitrous oxide as main GHG, ammonia, VOC and odours from different active community composting sites placed in Spain, treating kitchen, leftovers and household biowaste. Expectedly, the gaseous emissions have an evident relation with the composting progress, represented mainly by its decrease as temperature or biological activity decreases. GHG and odour emission rates ranged from 5.3 to 815.2 mg CO2eq d-1 kg-1VS and from 69.8 to 1088.5 ou d-1 kg-1VS, respectively, generally being lower than those find in open-air full-scale composting. VOC characterization from the community composting gaseous emissions showed a higher VOC families' distribution in the emissions from initial composting phases, even though terpenes such as limonene, α-pinene and β-pinene were the most abundant VOC along the composting process occurring in the different sites studied. The results presented in this study can be the basis to evaluate systematically and scientifically the numerous current projects for a worldwide community composting implementation in decentralised biowaste management schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González
- Composting Research Group (GICOM) Dept. of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Barrena
- Composting Research Group (GICOM) Dept. of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Moral-Vico
- Composting Research Group (GICOM) Dept. of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Irigoyen
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnology and Food, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona-Iruña, Navarra, Spain
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- Composting Research Group (GICOM) Dept. of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Chong ZK, Hofmann A, Haye M, Wilson S, Sohoo I, Alassali A, Kuchta K. Lab-scale and full-scale industrial composting of biodegradable plastic blends for packaging. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2024; 2:101. [PMID: 38420136 PMCID: PMC10899788 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.14893.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Background The acceptance of compostable plastic packaging in industrial composting plants is not universal despite available certification due to the persistence of plastic residues after composting. To better understand this discrepancy, this study compared the disintegration rates of two blends designed for rigid packaging (polylactic acid based) and soft packaging (polybutylene succinate based) in lab-scale composting tests and in an industrial composting plant. Methods A lab-scale composting test was conducted in triplicates according to ISO 20200 for 4, 8 and 12 weeks to check the disintegration potential of the blends. Duplicate test material were then exposed in the compost pile of an industrial composting plant for a duration of 3 weeks and compared with a supplementary lab-scale test of the same duration. Results The rigid packaging samples (1 mm thickness) retained on average 76.4%, 59.0% and 55.7% of its mass after 4, 8 and 12 weeks respectively in the lab-scale. In the plant, the average remaining mass was 98.3%, much higher compared to the average of 68.9% after 3 weeks in the supplementary lab-scale test. The soft packaging samples (109±9 µm sample thickness) retained on average 45.4%, 10.9% and 0.3% of its mass after 4, 8 and 12 weeks respectively in the lab-scale. In the plant, a high average remaining mass was also observed (93.9%). The supplementary lab-scale test showed similar remaining mass but higher fragmentation after 3 weeks. Conclusions The results show that the samples achieved significant disintegration in the lab-scale but not in the plant. The difference between the tests that might further contribute to the differing degradation rates is the composition and heterogeneity of the composting substrate. Therefore, the substrate composition and thermophilic composting duration of individual plants are important considerations to determine the suitability of treating compostable plastic in real-world conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Kai Chong
- Circular Resource Engineering and Management (CREM), Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, 21073, Germany
| | - Alexander Hofmann
- Circular Resource Engineering and Management (CREM), Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, 21073, Germany
| | - Marie Haye
- Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (GEn), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, Villeurbanne, 69100, France
| | - Sharon Wilson
- Circular Resource Engineering and Management (CREM), Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, 21073, Germany
| | - Ihsanullah Sohoo
- Circular Resource Engineering and Management (CREM), Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, 21073, Germany
| | - Ayah Alassali
- Circular Resource Engineering and Management (CREM), Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, 21073, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kuchta
- Circular Resource Engineering and Management (CREM), Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, 21073, Germany
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6
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Pan C, Zhao Y, Chen X, Zhang G, Xie L, Wei Z, Song C. Improved carbon sequestration by utilization of ferrous ions during different organic wastes composting. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119188. [PMID: 37801948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The humic acid (HA) possesses a more recalcitrant structure, making it crucial carbon components that improve carbon sequestration. Moreover, ferrous ions could improve microbial activity and enhance compost humification, and their oxidation into iron oxides could adsorb carbon components for sequestration. Based on the advantages of low cost and easy availability of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), this study investigated the effect of FeSO4 on carbon sequestration during composting. Chicken manure (CM) and food waste (FW) composting were carried out in four treatments, namely control (CM, FW) and 5% (w/w) FeSO4 treated groups (CM+, FW+). Results indicated that FeSO4 increased HA content, improved organic carbon stability. Carbon loss for CM, CM+, FW and FW + treatments were 48.5%, 46.2%, 45.0%, and 40.3%, respectively. Meanwhile, FeSO4 enhanced the function of bacterial taxa involved in HA synthesis in CM + treatment, and improved the number of core bacteria significantly associated with formation of HA and iron oxide. SEM analysis verified that role of FeSO4 was significant in promoting HA synthesis during CM + composting, while it was remarkably in enhancing HA sequestration during FW + composting. This article provided fundamental theoretical backing for enhancing HA production and improving carbon sequestration during different materials composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Pan
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaomeng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Guogang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Lina Xie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Zimin Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Caihong Song
- College of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
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7
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Olıverı LM, Arfò S, Matarazzo A, D'Urso D, Chıacchıo F. Improving the composting process of a treatment facility via an Industry 4.0 monitoring and control solution: Performance and economic feasibility assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118776. [PMID: 37666132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The European Union has set ambitious targets for recycling and landfill disposal of urban waste by 2025 and 2035, respectively. Composting is considered one way to achieve these goals. This paper focuses on a case study of a compost industrial treatment facility to identify potential and economically feasible improvements for the process and the factory. Through a thorough analysis of the facility and its production process, a plant section suitable for reengineering intervention has been identified. A technological solution based on Industry 4.0 is proposed to facilitate the monitoring and control of the bio-oxidation phase. An economic and feasibility analysis of this investment has been carried out over a ten-year lifecycle, comparing it with the company's business plan. A hybrid simulation model has been implemented to simulate and evaluate the reengineered plant, revealing that the bio-oxidation phase can be shortened to an average of six days. This result suggests that the adoption of smart technologies to control these types of processes are desirable and should become a standard. The social and economic effects of this investment were also analyzed to evaluate how to reduce the fares keeping the investment still valuable for the community and the private entrepreneurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovıca Marıa Olıverı
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica, Elettronica ed Informatica, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Sergıo Arfò
- Department Economics and Business, University of Catania, Corso Italia 55, 95127, Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Matarazzo
- Department Economics and Business, University of Catania, Corso Italia 55, 95127, Catania, Italy
| | - Dıego D'Urso
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica, Elettronica ed Informatica, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Ferdınando Chıacchıo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica, Elettronica ed Informatica, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95123, Catania, Italy
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8
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Schnackenberg A, Billmann M, Bidar G, Douay F, Pelfrêne A. Is the co-application of self-produced compost and natural zeolite interesting to reduce environmental and toxicological availability in metal-contaminated kitchen garden soils? ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:4737-4760. [PMID: 36928804 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01505-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Composting can turn organic waste into a valuable soil amendment that can improve physical, chemical, and biological soil quality. Compost amendments can also contribute to the remediation of areas anthropogenically degraded by metals. However, it is well known that compost, particularly self-produced compost, can show enrichment in metals. An experimental study was conducted to examine the short- and long-term distribution and the mobility of metals in soils amended with a self-produced compost when it was added alone or in combination with different doses of a natural zeolite to soil. The aim was also to study the interest of managing moderately metal-contaminated kitchen garden soils by assessing the chemical extractability, phytoavailability, and oral bioaccessibility of metals. When zeolite was added to compost alone, it had the tendency to better reduce extractability of Cd and Zn at 25%, and those of Pb at 15%. When the self-produced compost alone or in co-application with zeolite at these doses was applied to soils, the results showed (1) a decrease of NH4NO3-extractable Zn; (2) a reduction of Pb environmental availability, but not Pb bioaccessibility, and (3) an increase of ryegrass biomass. Nevertheless, the risk posed by the self-produced compost was minimal when applied at the proper rate (0.6% w/w). In the selected experimental conditions, the study recommends that self-produced compost be mixed with 15% zeolite to maximize vegetal biomass and minimize environmental risk. The question of sustainability of the results with repeated compost addition is also raised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Schnackenberg
- Univ. Lille, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Artois, Junia, ULR 4515 - LGCgE Laboratoire de Génie Civil et geo-Environnement, 59000, Lille, France.
| | - Madeleine Billmann
- Univ. Lille, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Artois, Junia, ULR 4515 - LGCgE Laboratoire de Génie Civil et geo-Environnement, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Géraldine Bidar
- Univ. Lille, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Artois, Junia, ULR 4515 - LGCgE Laboratoire de Génie Civil et geo-Environnement, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Francis Douay
- Univ. Lille, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Artois, Junia, ULR 4515 - LGCgE Laboratoire de Génie Civil et geo-Environnement, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Aurélie Pelfrêne
- Univ. Lille, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Artois, Junia, ULR 4515 - LGCgE Laboratoire de Génie Civil et geo-Environnement, 59000, Lille, France
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9
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Moubareck CA, Alawlaqi B, Alhajeri S. Characterization of physicochemical parameters and bacterial diversity of composted organic food wastes in Dubai. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16426. [PMID: 37274727 PMCID: PMC10238688 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Composting favours recycling organic waste and producing an end product with high bioenergy potential and significant nutritional value for the soil. Analysing composted organic waste prepared in Dubai, a region with a desertic climate and a unique environment is essential since environmental conditions can greatly affect the physicochemical and biological soil properties and no studies in the Gulf region have been published yet on that process. This study analysed twelve different compost samples prepared in well ventilated wooden chambers, using home-generated organic wastes following the hot aerobic composting method for a duration of three months. The physicochemical parameters, measured at the end of the study, revealed that organic matter, electrical conductivity and pH were within the standard ranges while moisture content was low. Concerning macronutrients, most of the samples were within the standard range for carbon, potassium and sodium, while they were poor in phosphorous and nitrogen. Metagenomic analysis with Illumina MiSeq revealed the abundance of Firmicutes (30.35%), followed by Bacteroidota (26.69%), Proteobacteria (21.47%), and Actinobacteriota (11.17%). The phylum Planctomycetota, solely detected in compost and known to have a significant impact on soil ecosystem and decomposition of organic matter, was reported at a relatively significant level (2.35%). The Clostridia class, efficient in degrading cellulose, was described at high levels compared to other studies. The composting project succeeded in generating a healthy soil but lengthening the duration will allow the samples to fully decompose and therefore increase the total available nitrogen and phosphorus to meet the criteria of a typical mature compost. Various microbial consortia helped in the decomposition process. The qualitative information collected in this study will help in improving the composting technology to favour its utilization by a larger public in the Gulf region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Buthaina Alawlaqi
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salama Alhajeri
- Department of Corporate Environmental Health & Safety, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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10
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Zhang Y, Xu Y, Yu X, Li J, Chen G, Wang S, Xu Y, Xu R, Zhang B, Zhang H. Microbial metabolism and humic acid formation in response to enhanced copper and zinc passivation during composting of wine grape pomace and pig manure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129226. [PMID: 37270147 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in piglet feed can lead to heavy metals (HMs) accumulation in pig manure (PM). Composting is crucial for recycling biowaste and decreasing HMs bioavailability. This study aimed to investigate the impact of adding wine grape pomace (WGP) on the bioavailability of HMs during PM composting. WGP facilitated the passivation of HMs through Cytophagales and Saccharibacteria_genera_incertae_sedis which promoted the formation of humic acid (HA). Polysaccharide and aliphatic groups in HA dominated the transformation of chemical forms of HMs. Moreover, adding 60% and 40% WGP enhanced the Cu and Zn passivation effects by 47.24% and 25.82%, respectively. Polyphenol conversion rate and core bacteria were identified as key factors in affecting HMs passivation. These results offered new insights into the fate of HMs during PM composting in response to the addition of WGP, which is helpful to practical application of WGP to inactivate HMs for improving compost quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse; and the Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
| | - Yang Xu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse; and the Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Xinlong Yu
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jinkang Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse; and the Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Guang Chen
- Margaux Grape Wine Co. Ltd., Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Shuaijie Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse; and the Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Yanping Xu
- Weifang Institute of Technology, Weifang 262500, PR China
| | - Rui Xu
- Yunnan Provincial Rural Energy Engineering Key Laboratory, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Baohai Zhang
- Qinhuangdao Hemiao Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Qinhuangdao 066000, PR China
| | - Hongqiong Zhang
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
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11
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Nanlin L, Fan L, Hua Z, Liming S, Pinjing H. Environmental and economic assessment of the construction, operation, and demolition of a decentralized composting facility. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 884:163724. [PMID: 37116801 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Decentralized waste treatment facilities are recently highlighted for the treatment of solid waste in rural areas for being cheap, flexible, and reliable. Among them, decentralized composting is most commonly used. Many forms of decentralized composting facilities also develop and apply in developing countries, but the environmental and economical performances remain unknown. Therefore, this study analyzed the environmental impacts and cost of a decentralized composting facility through life cycle assessment and life cycle cost. The functional unit was the construction, operation, and demolition the composting facility. Contribution and sensitivity analysis were also performed to find out the most influential processes and parameters. The facility had a 10-year designed life span and could treat about 5840 t organic waste in its life cycle. The life cycle environmental impacts were 646,700 kg CO2-eq, 8980 kg SO2-eq, -28 kg P-eq, 7.09 × 10-3 CTUh, 0.13 CTUh, and 16,754 kg oil-eq for climate change, terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, human toxicity cancer effects, human toxicity non-cancer effects, and fossil resources scarce, respectively. The life cycle cost was 1080.925 k CNY. When scaling to treating 1 t organic waste, the environmental impacts were close to those of similar decentralized and centralized composting facilities and the cost was lower than those of centralized biological treatment plants when excluding revenues from compost. According to the contribution and sensitivity analysis, the operation stage had the largest environmental impacts. The composting and compost substitution processes in the operation stage were the most sensitive processes. This study proved quantitatively that the decentralized facility was feasible both environmentally and economically and enriched the study cases for decentralized composting facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liao Nanlin
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Source Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lü Fan
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Source Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhang Hua
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Source Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shao Liming
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Source Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - He Pinjing
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.
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Leno N, Ajayan AS, Thampatti KCM, Sudharmaidevi CR, Aparna B, Gladis R, Rani TS, Joseph B, Meera AV, Nagula S. Humification evaluation and carbon recalcitrance of a rapid thermochemical digestate fertiliser from degradable solid waste for climate change mitigation in the tropics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157752. [PMID: 35921927 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Indiscriminate, unhygienic and unscientific disposal of solid wastes poses significant risks leading to soil, water and air pollution. Abiotic and nonenzymatic rapid thermochemical processing technology provides a solution for the management of degradable solid waste at the source, converting it to organic digestate fertiliser within a day, thus overcoming the main drawback of the long time span required for composting. A study was performed to evaluate the maturity parameters and the extent of humification of the thermochemical digestate fertiliser and the raw biowaste substrate. We made an objective assessment of the recalcitrance efficiency of the added thermochemical digestate fertiliser on tropical Ultisol soil grown with two cycles of tomato and amaranthus crop sequences. Unlike the raw biowaste substrate, the thermochemical digestate complied with the threshold standards of compost maturity parameters and humification indices. Soil application of the thermochemical digestate fertiliser brought significant additions to the labile, microbial biomass and recalcitrant fractions of soil organic carbon within a year after four cycles of crop growth, as revealed by principal component analysis. Linear regression analysis revealed a strong and significant fit of the labile and microbial biomass carbon fractions with the total dry biomass of amaranthus and tomato. The thermochemical digestate fertiliser imparted a recalcitrance index of 85.57 % and enhanced the soil carbon stock by 4.81 % over the compost-based treatments with a superior soil carbon sequestration rate. The study confirmed that thermochemical digestate fertiliser is a fairly humified, high-resource organic fertiliser input with enhanced agronomic biomass production and recalcitrance efficiency, favouring soil carbon sequestration in Ultisol soils of the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Leno
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala 695 522, India.
| | - Amrutha Sujatha Ajayan
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala 695 522, India
| | - Kizhakke Covilakom Manorama Thampatti
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala 695 522, India
| | - Cheruvelil Rajamma Sudharmaidevi
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala 695 522, India
| | - Balasubramaniam Aparna
- Department of Organic Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala 695 522, India.
| | - Rajamony Gladis
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala 695 522, India.
| | - Thankamma Sajitha Rani
- Instructional Farm, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala 695 522, India.
| | - Biju Joseph
- Instructional Farm, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala 695 522, India.
| | - Aaltharackal Vikraman Meera
- Integrated Farming System Research Station, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala 695 002, India.
| | - Sainath Nagula
- Agricultural Research Station, Tornala, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Telangana 502 114, India
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Kohli A, Guénon R, Jean-Soro L, Vidal-Beaudet L. Home and community composts in Nantes city (France): quality and safety regarding trace metals and metalloids. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:649. [PMID: 35931840 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Home and community composting are key strategies for local organic waste management. The quality and safety of industrial composts are controlled, but those of home and community composts are not, and this could make them unsafe for use in kitchen gardens. Home (n = 20) and community (n = 41) composts, from urban and suburban areas including mildly Pb-contaminated allotment gardens, were analyzed for quality and safety regarding trace metals and metalloids (TMM) using mid-infrared Fourier transform spectrometry (FT-MIR) and portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, respectively. Home composts had a significantly higher Pb content (98 mg.kg-1 ± 10 mg.kg-1) than community composts (21 mg.kg-1 ± 2 mg.kg-1). Numerous home composts (85%) and a few community composts (17%) exceeded the organic farming thresholds for Pb (45 mg.kg-1) and Zn (100 mg.kg-1). The high mineral matter content and the relative abundance of chemical functions attributable to silicates (up to 35%) highly paralleled with TMM contents, mostly concentrated in the fine fraction. Co-inertia analysis highlighted strong and significant links between TMM contents and the whole chemical signature delivered by FT-MIR spectrometry. Pb-contaminated soil could be carried into home compost by green waste or by voluntary addition. Covariance analyses indicated that mineral matter and chemical functions only partly explained the variability in Pb content, suggesting a more complex combination of drivers. Community composting appears as a suitable local solution resulting in high-quality compost that complies with European organic farming regulations, while home composting from allotment gardens should be seriously evaluated to comply with such safety requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Kohli
- GERS-LEE, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, 44344, Bouguenais, France.
- EPHOR, L'Institut Agro, Agrocampus Ouest, 49045, Angers, France.
- IRSTV, 44321, Nantes, France.
| | - René Guénon
- EPHOR, L'Institut Agro, Agrocampus Ouest, 49045, Angers, France
- IRSTV, 44321, Nantes, France
| | - Liliane Jean-Soro
- GERS-LEE, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, 44344, Bouguenais, France
- IRSTV, 44321, Nantes, France
| | - Laure Vidal-Beaudet
- EPHOR, L'Institut Agro, Agrocampus Ouest, 49045, Angers, France
- IRSTV, 44321, Nantes, France
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What Influences Home Gardeners’ Food Waste Composting Intention in High-Rise Buildings in Dhaka Megacity, Bangladesh? An Integrated Model of TPB and DMP. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14159400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Composting is a sustainable way of transforming organic waste into valuable organic fertilizers which have the potential to act as soil conditioners by controlling various biological processes. The prime objective of the current study was to determine the influencing factors behind the intent of home food waste composting, by employing the combined model of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Dualistic Passion Model (DMP). The combined model showed a higher predictive ability in comparison to the individual TPB model. The fit statistic of the integrated model was deemed good, and 65% of the variance for home composting intention was explained. Using a face-to-face questionnaire survey, a total of 203 valid responses were gathered from home gardeners and tested via a unique two-step methodology: the PLS-SEM and the artificial neural network (ANN). The results revealed that the composting intention can be significantly influenced by attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The study also confirmed the positive effect of harmonious passion and the negative effect of obsessive passion on the intention of food waste composting. Furthermore, the hybrid method produced more reliable results because HP was found to be the most important variable in both ANN and PLS-SEM results, while PBC was observed to be the second most important variable in ANN and the fourth most important in PLS-SEM. The results of the current study not only highlight the importance of passion in determining food waste composting intention in Dhaka, Bangladesh, but also provide helpful information for designing effective, sustainable tactics for encouraging residents to compost food waste at home.
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15
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Distinctive Features of Composts of Different Origin: A Thorough Examination of the Characterization Results. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14127449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The potential of composts produced from different origin residues to be used in environmentally friendly agriculture is addressed in this work. Seven composts obtained from different raw materials and composting methodologies are compared using elemental, thermal and spectroscopic characterization data. Despite the stabilization of the organic matter in all composts being adequate for agricultural applications, they display distinct elemental and structural compositions. Likewise, the fertilisers have very different effects on lettuce growth. Despite the observed differences, some common features were found, namely a mass loss (TGA) of 25.2 g per mol C, association between groups of elements (Fe, Al, Ni, Co, Cr, Cu and S; Mg, Na, K and P, C, Coxi, N and Pb) and correlations between the amount of carbon nanostructures and the characteristic aromaticity parameters. These results suggest that the tuning of the compost features for specific cultures may be possible for sustainable food production.
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Aversa C, Barletta M. Addition of Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) to Binary Blends of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT): Extrusion Compounding, Cast Extrusion and Thermoforming of Home Compostable Materials. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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O'Connor J, Mickan BS, Siddique KHM, Rinklebe J, Kirkham MB, Bolan NS. Physical, chemical, and microbial contaminants in food waste management for soil application: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 300:118860. [PMID: 35114306 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Currently, 1.3 billion tonnes of food are thrown away each year, most of which are incinerated or landfilled causing large environmental, social, and economic issues. Therefore, the utilisation of food waste as biofertilisers, such as composts and digestates, is a solution to reduce the problems created by incineration and landfilling whilst simultaneously amending soils. The improper disposal of food wastes and bulking materials can contribute to high levels of contaminants within the end-product. Moreover, the food waste and bulking materials, themselves, may contain trace amounts of contaminants. These contaminants tend to have long half-lives, are easily mobile within soil and plants, can accumulate within the food supply chain, and have moderate to high levels of toxicity. This review aims to examine the current and emerging contaminants of high concern that impact the quality of food-waste fertilisers. The paper presents the volume of current and emerging contaminants of plastics, other physical (particulate) contaminants, heavy metals, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and pathogens within food-waste composts and digestates. Due to the large extent of organic chemical contaminants and the unknown level of toxicity and persistence, the risk assessment of organic chemical contaminants in the food-supply chain remains largely unknown. This study has presented available data from literature of various contaminants found in food waste, and composts and digestates derived from food waste, and evaluated the data with current regulations globally. Overall, to reduce contaminants in composts and digestates, more studies are required on the implementation of proper disposal separation, effective composting and digestion practices, increased screening of physical contaminants, development of compostable plastics, and increased regulatory policies on emerging, problematic contaminants. Moreover, examination of emerging contaminants in food-waste composts and digestates is needed to ensure food security and reduce future human-health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- James O'Connor
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soil (Soil CRC), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Bede S Mickan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - M B Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, United States
| | - Nanthi S Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soil (Soil CRC), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
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18
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Sánchez A. Decentralized Composting of Food Waste: A Perspective on Scientific Knowledge. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.850308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Composting has been demonstrated to be an effective and sustainable technology to treat a wide variety of organic wastes. A particular aspect of composting is the number of technological options that can be used, from full-scale plants to small composters. In this sense, the interest in composting at home or on a community scale is exponentially growing in recent years, as it permits the self-management of organic wastes and obtaining compost that can be used by the same producer. However, some questions about the quality of the obtained compost or the environmental impact of home composting are still in an early stage of development and provide little knowledge. In this review, the main points related to home and community composting are analysed in detail according to the current scientific knowledge by highlighting their advantages and possible drawbacks. Particularly, the composting process performance is analysed, with temperature stratification being one of the main problems related to small amounts of organic matter. Simultaneously, compost quality is determined using parameters such as stability and/or maturity, concluding that home compost can be similar to industrial compost in both aspects. However, sanitisation of home compost is not always achieved. Regarding its environmental impact, gaseous emissions, especially greenhouse emissions, are the most studied category and are generally low. Finally, the effects of pandemics on home composting are also preliminary commented, concluding that this strategy can be a good alternative to have cities that are more resilient.
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Analysis of the Effectiveness of Green Waste Composting under Hyperbaric Conditions. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Increasing global population growth has a significant impact on waste production. The European Union (EU) focuses on waste recycling, biological treatment, and reuse. In the case of biodegradable waste, a significant problem is the long process of material decomposition so that the product meets the requirements of national regulations and EU directives. The search for a way to accelerate this process is still ongoing. This study presents the composting process of green waste under hyperbaric conditions. Eight experiments, four with air exchange frequency tAE = 4 h and four experiments with tAE = 8 h were established. The experiments were conducted in four variants: 0 (atmospheric pressure) and overpressures 50, 100, and 200 kPa. They were carried out on the same input material characterized by the initial moisture content of 60% and a mass of 2000 g. During the composting of green waste, all parameters of the obtained product (moisture content, pH, loss on ignition (LOI), C:N ratio, nutrient content (P, K), and the respiratory activity of microorganisms (AT4)) were also evaluated. The most significant weight loss of the composted material was observed in the variant of an overpressure of 200 kPa (tAE = 4 h). The compost weight in relation to the original material decreased by 23.7%. The highest organic matter removal efficiency was obtained for the overpressure variants of 50 and 100 kPa (tAE = 4 h).
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20
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On-Farm Composting of Hop Plant Green Waste—Chemical and Biological Value of Compost. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Green agro waste can be turned into compost, which can then be used as an organic fertilizer, thus reducing the environmental impact of food and feed production. This research is focused on finding a feasible on-farm composting treatment of plant biomass to produce high-quality compost. Three different composting treatments were prepared and followed (with different additives at the start—biochar (BC) and effective microorganisms (EM), no additive (CON); covering and not covering the pile; different start particles size). Samples were analysed for nutrient concentrations, phytotoxicity and bacterial and fungal presence after seven months of composting. In 100 g of dry matter, the average compost contained 2.7 g, 0.38 g and 1.08 g of N, P and K, respectively. All investigated treatments contained more than 2% of total nitrogen in dry mass, so they could be used as a fertilizer. The highest nutrient content was observed in compost of small particle size (˂5 cm) and added biochar (11 kg/t fresh biomass). However, this compost had the least bacteria and fungi due to very high temperatures in the thermophilic phase of this pile. According to the radish germination index, the prepared composts have no phytotoxic properties and are stable and ready to use in plant production. Taking the cress germination test into consideration, they provided a nutrient-rich and biostimulative soil amendment. All three final composts were stable in terms of respiration rate, growth and germination tests. Results have shown that hop biomass after harvest has great potential for composting.
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Gao X, Yang F, Yan Z, Zhao J, Li S, Nghiem L, Li G, Luo W. Humification and maturation of kitchen waste during indoor composting by individual households. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152509. [PMID: 34968605 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the humification and maturation of kitchen waste during indoor composting by individual households. In total, 50 households were randomly selected to participate in this study using kitchen waste of their own for indoor composting using a standard 20 L sealed composter. Garden waste was also collected from their local communities and used as the bulking agent. Both effective microorganisms and lime were inoculated at 1% (wet weight) of raw composting materials to facilitate the composting initiation. Results from this study demonstrate for the first time that ordinary residents could correctly follow the instruction to operate indoor composting at household level to manage urban kitchen waste at source. Overall, 30 households provided valid and complete data to show an increase (to ~50 °C) and then decrease in temperature in response to the decline of biodegradable organic substances during indoor composting. The compost physiochemical characteristics varied significantly toward maturation with an increase in seed germination index to above 50% for most households. Furthermore, organic humification occurred continuously during indoor composting as indicated by the enhanced content of humic substances, degree of polymerization, and spectroscopic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzu Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feiyu Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaowei Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- China Soong Ching Ling Science and Culture Centre for Young People, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Shiyu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Long Nghiem
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Guoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenhai Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Chowdhury RB, Wijayasundara M. Phosphorus circular economy of disposable baby nappy waste: Quantification, assessment of recycling technologies and plan for sustainability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 799:149339. [PMID: 34426359 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the potential for minimizing human excreta bound phosphorus (P) loss through used disposable baby nappies, an area that remained unexplored for nations. Accordingly, it performed a substance flow analysis to assess the national P loss through used disposable baby nappies in the case of Australia. The analysis revealed that approximately 308 tonne P is lost through used baby nappies to landfills in Australia in 2019, which is nearly 2.5% of the overall P excreta as human waste. Although the quantity seems small in percentage term, it could result in the loss of a significant amount of P over several years, as assessed 5452 tonne P over the 2001-2019 period, which is concerning in the context of anticipated future global P scarcity. The review of peer-reviewed literature on available technologies/methods for recycling disposable baby nappy waste indicates that there are some technologies for recycling P particularly through co-composting with food and other organic wastes, while the majority of these are still at the lab/pilot scale. There are also various recycling techniques with purpose ranging from energy recovery to volume reduction, generation of pulp, hydrogel, cellulose, and polymer as well as to increase yield stress and viscosity of concrete, however, these are not effective in P recovery. The study implies that compost made of nappy waste can be used as fertilizer to produce bamboo, cotton, and maize plants to supply raw materials for producing biodegradable nappies, hence, to close the loop. The various product and system design options e.g., designing for flushing, designing for disassembling the excreta containing part, and designing for community composting suggested in this study could be further researched for identifying best suitable option to achieve P circular economy of disposable baby nappies. This study also recommends necessary interventions at various stages of the nappy life cycle to ensure sustainable management of phosphorus.
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Morinval A, Averous L. Systems Based on Biobased Thermoplastics: From Bioresources to Biodegradable Packaging Applications. POLYM REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2021.2012802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Morinval
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Cedex 2, France
| | - Luc Averous
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Cedex 2, France
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Ginting S, Tufaila M, Suramas Rembon F. Effectiveness of Various Types of Bio-Activators to Quality of Compost Fertilizer. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:1103-1109. [PMID: 34842381 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.1103.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Plant litter or plants that grow naturally and the plant materials of the cultivated plants are quite abundant both in fresh and dry form. In the case of a plant, litter is not processed and left on the surface of the soil as organic material then the process of decomposition and reshuffle requires a long time. The research aimed to find out the effectiveness of bio-activators on the formation and quality of compost fertilizer. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The study design was used in a factorial pattern with two factors. The First factor is bio-activator consists of four levels, namely: EM-4, PROMI, Orgadec and (EM-4+PROMI+Orgadec). The second factor is organic matter consists of seven levels, namely: <i>Imperata cylindrica</i>, paddy straw, <i>Gliricidia sepium</i> leaves, (<i>Imperata cylindrica</i> + paddy straw), (<i>Imperata cylindrica</i> + <i>Gliricidia sepium</i> leaves), (paddy straw + <i>Gliricidia sepium</i> leaves), (<i>Imperata cylindrica </i>+ paddy straw + <i>Gliricidia sepium</i> leaves). There were 28 treatments, each treatment was repeated three times to obtain 84 treatment units. <b>Results:</b> The result showed that compost fertilizer with Orgadec bio-activator treatment and PROMI is the best quality (pH compost, water content, P-total, N-total, C-organic, C/N ratio). <b>Conclusion:</b> The compost fertilizer with Orgadec bio-activator is the best quality for this research (pH compost, moisture content, P-total, N-total, C-organic, C/N ratio).
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Zhang S, Xia T, Wang J, Zhao Y, Xie X, Wei Z, Zhang X, Song C, Song X. Role of Bacillus inoculation in rice straw composting and bacterial community stability after inoculation: Unite resistance or individual collapse. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125464. [PMID: 34320744 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus is the classic inoculant in rice straw composting. However, there has been no in-depth study of the mechanism promoting the degradation of lignocellulose and the change of indigenous bacterial communities after Bacillus inoculation. Moreover, the stability of bacterial communities is a significant challenge in achieving the efficacy of inoculation. In this study, the ecological succession and yield-resource acquisition-stress tolerance (Y-A-S) framework were combined with Redundancy analysis (RDA) and changes in relative abundance, Bacillus was found to be a pioneer bacterium that adopts a resource acquisition-stress tolerance strategy. The structural equation model (SEM) revealed that in addition to exerting a degradation effect, Bacillus inoculation could also indirectly affect lignocellulose degradation by changing the bacterial community. Random forest model and network analysis indicated a change in bacterial communities after inoculation, and bacteria with more complex relationships and weaker decomposition ability were key to the stability of bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tianyi Xia
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, 150081 Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xinyu Xie
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zimin Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Caihong Song
- Liaocheng Univ, Life Sci Coll, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Xinyu Song
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Růžičková J, Raclavská H, Kucbel M, Grobelak A, Šafář M, Raclavský K, Švédová B, Juchelková D, Moustakas K. The potential environmental risks of the utilization of composts from household food waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:24663-24679. [PMID: 32705551 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Modern technologies (especially with the help of autonomous measurement and control systems) introduced automatic composters for the disposal of household food waste production. Environmental risks connected with the utilization of these composts can be characterized by the high electrical conductivity caused by a presence of sodium chloride in food. Electrical conductivity influences the ecotoxicity of the composts. The presence of pesticides in composted food also represents an important environmental problem. The following pesticides were found in compost samples from household food waste: 1,3,5-triazine, methyl trithion, bifenthrin, bifenox, carbophenothion, pirimicarb, dioxacarb, desmetryn. Pesticide content in composts varied from 0.3 to 16.3 μg/kg, the average value being 30.4 ± 10.1 μg/kg dry matter. The higher decomposition was found of "modern" pesticides in the composters. The removal of salts can ensure that inhibition will be < 30% while washing with the ratio of 1:3 will result in the inhibition < 5%. However, this way of processing is not effective for other organisms-Poecilia reticulata (mortality 100%) and Daphnia magna (immobilisation 100%) using this procedure as well as washing of the compost in the ratio 3:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Růžičková
- Centre ENET - Energy Units for Utilization of Non-Traditional Energy Sources, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, Poruba, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Raclavská
- Centre ENET - Energy Units for Utilization of Non-Traditional Energy Sources, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, Poruba, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kucbel
- Centre ENET - Energy Units for Utilization of Non-Traditional Energy Sources, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, Poruba, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Grobelak
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa University of Technology, J.H. Dąbrowskiego 69, 42-201, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Michal Šafář
- Centre ENET - Energy Units for Utilization of Non-Traditional Energy Sources, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, Poruba, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Konstantin Raclavský
- Centre ENET - Energy Units for Utilization of Non-Traditional Energy Sources, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, Poruba, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Švédová
- Centre ENET - Energy Units for Utilization of Non-Traditional Energy Sources, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, Poruba, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Juchelková
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, Poruba, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Konstantinos Moustakas
- Unit of Environmental Science & Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9, Heroon Polytechniou Street, Zographou Campus, 15780, Athens, Greece
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Gurusamy NN, Puffer N, de Jongh C, Rodriguez Gil C, Aspray TJ. Effect of initial moisture content and sample storage duration on compost stability using the ORG0020 dynamic respiration test. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 125:215-219. [PMID: 33711735 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biological tests are widely used to assess composting process status and finished material stability. Although compost stability is known to be influenced by moisture content (MC) and storage duration, there is a lack of data supporting boundary limits for standardised testing. Using the ORG0020 dynamic respiration test we assessed the stability of materials from different commercial composting sites processing only green waste or mixed green and food waste. Samples were tested at three different MC following adjustment with the 'fist' test within the range 40-60%. The results showed manipulation of MC within this range could have significant impact on measured stability for some but not all samples. Two samples reported significantly higher activity when MC was manipulated from ~50% to ~60%. For storage duration, samples showed significant decrease in measured activity over several weeks of cold storage. However, there was no significant difference in stability for samples tested up to nine days from receipt. The results of this research will support decisions relating to the boundary limits for moisture content and storage time for the ORG0020 test. The results will also provide insight to the wider range of biological tests used to assess compost stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha N Gurusamy
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Natalie Puffer
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Coen de Jongh
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Cristina Rodriguez Gil
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Thomas J Aspray
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK; Solidsense Ltd, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 3BA, Scotland, UK.
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28
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Siles-Castellano AB, López MJ, Jurado MM, Suárez-Estrella F, López-González JA, Estrella-González MJ, Moreno J. Industrial composting of low carbon/nitrogen ratio mixtures of agri-food waste and impact on compost quality. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 316:123946. [PMID: 32769001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The agri-food waste (AW) require amendments for composting to adjust nutritional and physicochemical deficiencies. The theoretical mixtures formulation is difficult to reach on an industrial scale. The main objective of this work was to evaluate to what extent the composition of AW-based mixtures determines the quality of the final compost produced at the industrial scale. Raw materials having the same AW share characteristics, irrespectively of the amendments added, but their compost were different. All the materials were biological stable at the cooling phase, and mature enough at the end, although the degree of humification did not match with the absence of phytotoxicity. The final compost had sufficient quality even though the AW-based raw materials have a low C/N ratio (<20) and other characteristics such as high electrical conductivity (13 mS·cm-1) and pH (<8.5) that are unfavorable for composting. The management operations during industrial composting correct the deficiencies of raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Siles-Castellano
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - María J López
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain.
| | - Macarena M Jurado
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Francisca Suárez-Estrella
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Juan A López-González
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - María J Estrella-González
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Joaquín Moreno
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology and Geology, CITE II-B, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, CIAIMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
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Tamasila M, Prostean G, Ivascu L, Cioca LI, Draghici A, Diaconescu A. Evaluating and prioritizing municipal solid waste management-related factors in Romania using fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS. JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-179695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matei Tamasila
- Management Department, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Gabriela Prostean
- Management Department, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Larisa Ivascu
- Management Department, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucian-Ionel Cioca
- Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Draghici
- Management Department, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andra Diaconescu
- Management Department, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
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30
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Decentralized Community Composting: Past, Present and Future Aspects of Italy. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12083319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Italy is among the top biowaste-generating countries in Europe, and has a well-structured waste management framework with quite a number of centralized composting facilities. In recent years, there has also been huge interest from local communities in decentralized composting. Although decentralized community composting is common in some countries, there is still a lack of information on the operative environment together with its potential logistical, environmental, economic, and social impacts. Considering the national Italian legislation on community composting as well as successfully implemented projects at EU level, Italy can set a model especially for Mediterranean countries that intend to build decentralized composting programs. Therefore, in the context of this review paper, a brief overview of the composting process was presented together with main applications in centralized and especially in decentralized composting, while the main focus was kept on the operative and legislative information gathered from Italian community composting. There is a huge difference in the number of composting plants between the regions, and the lack of centralized facilities in the central and southern regions can be supported by decentralized solutions. Decentralizing waste treatment facilities and thus creating local solutions to urban waste management strategies will help to achieve the resource recovery and valorization targets in line with the circular economy.
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Ballardo C, Vargas-García MDC, Sánchez A, Barrena R, Artola A. Adding value to home compost: Biopesticide properties through Bacillus thuringiensis inoculation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 106:32-43. [PMID: 32179419 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Home and community composting are considered potential tools for the self-management of organic waste. The production of added value products from biowaste is an encouraging step further to valorise this waste stream. To increase the profits of homemade compost, this paper presents a strategy to produce enriched home compost with biopesticide properties through a simple and low-cost process. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) was inoculated in a home composter bin through a solid inoculum previously prepared using the same waste as substrate. The process was monitored and compared with a home composting control process without inoculation. Final composts were analysed and compared in terms of physicochemical and microbiological properties, respiration and germination indices, indicating the suitability of both to be used as organic amendments. Also, a standardized toxicity test proved that Bt-enriched compost can be safely applied to the soil. Microbiological analysis revealed highly diverse communities in both cases, with limited differences at phylum taxonomic level, but dissimilar relative abundances of species within phylum. Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were dominant, with the presence of species able to transform organic matter from vegetal origin, but not usually related to compost. Bt-cristal toxin was clearly present in Bt-enriched compost, indicating the coexistence of Bt with the different microbial populations till the end of the composting process. Although Bt has been widely investigated due to its biopesticide properties, the incorporation of this microorganism to home composting level has not been previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Ballardo
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Centro de Investigación en Residuos Sólidos, Av. Mariscal Castilla N 3989-4089, Huancayo, Peru
| | | | - Antoni Sánchez
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Barrena
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Adriana Artola
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Orrico ACA, Schwingel AW, Costa MSSDM, Orrico Junior MAP, Borquis RRA, Alves GP, de Oliveira JD, Leite BKV, Garcia RG, Vilela RNDS. Characterization and valuing of hatchery waste from the broiler chicken productive chain. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 105:520-530. [PMID: 32145685 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing the waste generated from different agro-industrial segments enables the strategic management of residues, with the goal of maximizing recovery within the premises of a circular economy. This research aimed to determine the coefficient of waste generated in broiler chick hatcheries as well as to characterize the waste, taking into account the points of culling and the ages of the laying hens. Furthermore, the waste was used in composting with sheep manure (SM) at increasing inclusion rates (0:100, 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, and 50:50). On average, 0.16 kg (DM) of hatchery waste is generated per kg of broiler chicks born. At the hatchery, at least 79% of the total disposal occurs at the hatcher stage. This value is impacted by chicken age (P < 0.05), with birds of a late laying age generating waste with higher contents of carbon (C), volatile solids (VS), ether extract (EE), and nitrogen (N). Culling during egg reception and the manual transfer process account for only 1.8% of the total waste generated on average and thus contribute little to the composition of the overall residues. However, the mechanical transfer process may represent up to 19.0% of the total waste generated by hens of an intermediate laying age. According to the average of all the composting stages, the maximum reduction in solids and C from the hatchery waste was reached when the waste accounted for 50% of the windrow composition. Such conditions resulted in organic fertilizer with the highest N content (2.8%), equivalent to 40.0% more than that in the treatment with no added hatchery waste. The compost resulting from 50% hatchery waste inclusion also had the highest humic acid to fulvic acid (HA:FA) ratio and the highest calcium content due to the higher proportion of eggshells. These findings lead to the recommendation for the inclusion of hatchery waste in composting with SM at a 50% rate by mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Amorim Orrico
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Greater Dourados, PO Box 364, Dourados, MS 79.804-970, Brazil.
| | - Alice Watte Schwingel
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Greater Dourados, PO Box 364, Dourados, MS 79.804-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rusbel Raul Aspilcueta Borquis
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Greater Dourados, PO Box 364, Dourados, MS 79.804-970, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Paganucci Alves
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Greater Dourados, PO Box 364, Dourados, MS 79.804-970, Brazil
| | - Juliana Dias de Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Greater Dourados, PO Box 364, Dourados, MS 79.804-970, Brazil
| | - Brenda Kelly Vianna Leite
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Greater Dourados, PO Box 364, Dourados, MS 79.804-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Garófallo Garcia
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Greater Dourados, PO Box 364, Dourados, MS 79.804-970, Brazil
| | - Ranielle Nogueira da Silva Vilela
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Greater Dourados, PO Box 364, Dourados, MS 79.804-970, Brazil
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Monitoring of Fruit and Vegetable Waste Composting Process: Relationship between Microorganisms and Physico-Chemical Parameters. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8030302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate the composting potential of fruit and vegetable waste with sawdust in different combinations and to establish the relationship between microorganisms and physico-chemical parameters. Three samples were made with the C/N ratios of 50 (sample 1), 45 (sample 2), and 30 (sample 3) by adding fruit waste (apple, banana, orange, and kiwi peels) and vegetable waste (cabbage leaves, potato and carrot peels). The total amount of fruit and vegetable waste was approximately 2 kg in each sample to which different quantities of sawdust were added (1.23, 0.14, and 0.203 kg) in order to obtain the C/N ratios proposed and to limit the odor. Composting process was monitored over 70 days, while physico-chemical and microbiological analyses were performed. Results showed that in the first week pH is acidic and electrical conductivity values are high for all three samples, and then the pH values increase during the composting process, while electrical conductivity values decrease. The nitrogen content is low in all samples and will decrease during the first five weeks of the composting process, then begin to increase slightly. Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn values in the all three compost samples are below threshold values. During the composing process the microbial communities are constantly changing. The compost was successfully obtained and meets the requirement standards for agricultural use. It can be concluded that there is statistically significant association between the microorganisms and physico-chemical indicators.
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Microbes as vital additives for solid waste composting. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03343. [PMID: 32095647 PMCID: PMC7033521 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Composting is a natural process that stems through microbial succession, marking the degradation and stabilization of organic matter present in waste. The use of microbial additives during composting is considered highly efficient, likely to enhance the production of different enzymes resulting in better rate of waste degradation. In lesser developed countries, composting has emerged as a vital technology to recycle the biodegradable waste while generating a useful product. Depending on the composition of the waste material, it can either directly undergo composting or homogenized prior to secondary waste treatment methods such as landfilling. However, a relatively expensive downstream handling all along is a main hurdle towards economics of the process. Although basic methodology and recent approaches are known in crucial aspects of the process through various reviews, exploring the behavior of effective microbial additives will be resourceful. In this review, to fill in the gap, studies related to microbial composting of municipal solid and food waste were acknowledged. Here in, factors that could slow down the composting process and affect the compost quality were addressed. Lastly, the review pictured a positive simulation and stated how excellent results, can be achieved by microbial additives during composting.
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35
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Evangelou A, Komilis D. A new liquid-phase method and its comparison to two solid-phase microbial respiration activity methods to assess organic waste stability. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 102:1-11. [PMID: 31654874 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Goal of the work was to compare the respiration activities, as measured via oxygen consumption with three different organic waste stability methods so that to propose the optimal one. The novelty of the work is that there exists no comparison of solid-phase with liquid-phase stability assessment techniques in the literature. The respiration activities were assessed using two solid-phase methods and a manometric liquid-phase method (MANLIQ) performed on twenty-seven organic substrates. The methods rely on measuring oxygen consumption (uptake) via pressure drops (liquid-phase test, static solid-phase test) or via direct O2 measurements on the gaseous phases at the inlet and outlet of the respirometer (solid-phase dynamic test). A positive statistically significant correlation was calculated between the MANLIQ and the static solid-phase indices. The maximum rate MANLIQ index for the raw substrates was 2900 mg O2 kg-1 VS h-1, while most of the processed substrates had cumulative MANLIQ indices below 160 g O2 kg-1 VS. The ratio of the liquid indices to the static solid-phase indices ranged from 1.6 to 2.7 and the ratio of the liquid indices to the dynamic solid-phase indices ranged from 0.2 to 0.4. The MANLIQ method failed to result in a good correlation of the processing time with the respiration indices. On the other hand, a correlation was more visible in the two solid-phase tests, despite the large variability of the types and sources of the substrates. Therefore, the solid-phase methods should be preferred over the liquid-phase method to assess stability for various organic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Evangelou
- Laboratory of Solid and Hazardous Waste Management, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi 671 32, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Komilis
- Laboratory of Solid and Hazardous Waste Management, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi 671 32, Greece.
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Toledo M, Márquez P, Siles JA, Chica AF, Martín MA. Co-composting of sewage sludge and eggplant waste at full scale: Feasibility study to valorize eggplant waste and minimize the odoriferous impact of sewage sludge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 247:205-213. [PMID: 31247367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge and bulking agent with small proportions of eggplant waste (EP) (4.7 and 8.6%) were co-composted at full scale to evaluate the feasibility of their joint valorization and to reduce the odorous impact during composting. In this sense, physico-chemical, respirometric and olfactometric variables were monitored throughout the co-composting process. The physico-chemical variables studied were related to each other to evaluate their effect on the quality of the final product and the odoriferous impact. It was observed that the reduction in nitrogen concentration was not parallel to the removal of organic matter, which influenced the odor concentration emitted. Furthermore, during the hydrolytic stage of the co-composting process, the odor concentration was lower when the agricultural waste content was highest (8.6% EP: 6317 and 8192 ouE/m3) in comparison with the lowest concentration of EP (4.7% EP: 9214 and 14720 ouE/m3) or without the addition of EP (reference composting pile: 10200 and 22500 ouE/m3). Although sewage sludge is more biodegradable than eggplant waste, the co-composting process was carried out under suitable conditions. Approximately 90 days were required to obtain a stabilized compost. Consequently, co-composting might be a suitable alternative to valorize EP and reduce the odoriferous impact of sewage sludge, with the consequent economic, social and environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Toledo
- University of Cordoba (Spain), Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Carretera N-IV, Km 396, Edificio Marie Curie, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - P Márquez
- University of Cordoba (Spain), Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Carretera N-IV, Km 396, Edificio Marie Curie, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J A Siles
- University of Cordoba (Spain), Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Carretera N-IV, Km 396, Edificio Marie Curie, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - A F Chica
- University of Cordoba (Spain), Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Carretera N-IV, Km 396, Edificio Marie Curie, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M A Martín
- University of Cordoba (Spain), Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Carretera N-IV, Km 396, Edificio Marie Curie, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
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Pinter IF, Fernández AS, Martínez LE, Riera N, Fernández M, Aguado GD, Uliarte EM. Exhausted grape marc and organic residues composting with polyethylene cover: Process and quality evaluation as plant substrate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 246:695-705. [PMID: 31220730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In Argentina, wine production is one of the most important economic activities, producing a large quantities of organic wastes. Composting is a viable alternative to treat these residues, with the possibility to obtain high-quality products. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of goat manure, leaves from garden raking and alfalfa to exhausted grape marc and the influence of plastic cover on the composting process and the quality of the finished product. Composting was carried out in turned piles in a total randomized design. Temperature, moisture, pH, electrical conductivity, micro and macro elements, biological parameters, stability and structure were determined with the goal to assess product quality. Mixture compost presented higher macro and micro elements content (especially P, Mn and Zn) than grape marc compost. Plastic cover showed no significant effect on physico-chemical parameters, while microorganisms were affected, with higher cellulolytic and nitrifying content in uncovered piles. In all composts, parameters indicated stability and no pathogens (Salmonella sp.) were detected. Pot assay with Lactuca sativa suggested that all compost revealed adequate substrate quality, with higher plant biomass values than commercial substrate and sand (Control), even with fertilization. Mixture compost showed significantly higher biomass and nutrient absorption values relative to the remaining evaluated substrates, suggesting that the use of goat manure and leaves added to exhausted grape marc, as raw material resulted in higher compost quality. All together indicated that the use of polyethylene cover negatively affect microorganisms content and a higher diversity of organic residues composted would result in higher microbiological activity and nutritional grade product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Funes Pinter
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Mendoza (INTA EEA Mendoza), San Martin 3853 (M5507EVY), Chacras de Coria, Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Almirante Brown 500 (M5528AHB), Chacras de Coria, Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - Ana Sofía Fernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Almirante Brown 500 (M5528AHB), Chacras de Coria, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Laura Elizabeth Martínez
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Mendoza (INTA EEA Mendoza), San Martin 3853 (M5507EVY), Chacras de Coria, Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Almirante Brown 500 (M5528AHB), Chacras de Coria, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Nicolas Riera
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (INTA-IMYZA).Argentina, Las Cabañas y De los Reseros S/N C.C 25 (B1712WAA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela Fernández
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI), Aráoz 1511 (M5528ABE), Chacras de Coria, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Germán Darío Aguado
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Mendoza (INTA EEA Mendoza), San Martin 3853 (M5507EVY), Chacras de Coria, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ernesto Martín Uliarte
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Mendoza (INTA EEA Mendoza), San Martin 3853 (M5507EVY), Chacras de Coria, Mendoza, Argentina
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Panaretou V, Vakalis S, Ntolka A, Sotiropoulos A, Moustakas K, Malamis D, Loizidou M. Assessing the alteration of physicochemical characteristics in composted organic waste in a prototype decentralized composting facility. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:20232-20247. [PMID: 31098909 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the pilot experience of an integrated biowaste management system developed in Tinos island, Greece, which promoted source separation and decentralized composting in a prototype unit. This system was introduced as a new-to-the-area of implementation and innovation, since landfilling of mixed municipal solid waste has been the common practice in Tinos island, as in many other areas of insular and mainland Greece. The biowaste management system was implemented through a bring scheme that aimed at motivating the public to separate at source the organic fraction of MSW. The system was monitored on an input-output basis of critical parameters used to assess the purity of separately collected biowaste, the treatment efficiency of the prototype unit, the quality characteristics of compost produced, and public's awareness and participation. Results showed that biowaste source separation was practiced effectively by citizens, giving high-purity feed (> 98%). Compost samples were examined in comparison with the proposed EU End-of-Waste (EoW) quality criteria and fulfilled the requirements set. More specifically, the average values of compost samples regarding heavy metal content were 72% lower than the EoW limit value for Cd, 43% lower for Ni, 38% lower for Pd, 24% lower for Cu, and 36% lower for Zn. Examined composts also met the EoW criteria for phytotoxicity and pathogenic or parasitic microorganisms, while they showed an approx. 15% decrease in initial organic matter content. Moreover, this study analyzed the carbon balances and the degree that composting can sequestrate carbon. Overall, this study demonstrated that the development and operation of on-island, decentralized composting, when properly practiced, is a sustainable option in order for islands and remote areas to adopt a closed loop approach to the biowaste management problem, in line with the circular economy principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Panaretou
- Unit of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St., Zografou Campus, 157 80, Zografou, Greece.
| | - Stergios Vakalis
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Physics Group, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Aggeliki Ntolka
- Unit of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St., Zografou Campus, 157 80, Zografou, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Moustakas
- Unit of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St., Zografou Campus, 157 80, Zografou, Greece
| | - Dimitris Malamis
- Unit of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St., Zografou Campus, 157 80, Zografou, Greece
| | - Maria Loizidou
- Unit of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St., Zografou Campus, 157 80, Zografou, Greece
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González D, Colón J, Gabriel D, Sánchez A. The effect of the composting time on the gaseous emissions and the compost stability in a full-scale sewage sludge composting plant. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 654:311-323. [PMID: 30445331 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and ammonia are some of the compounds present in gaseous emissions from waste treatment facilities that contribute to odour pollution. In the present work, the effect of the residence time on the biological stability of raw sludge (RS) composted in dynamic windrows and the gaseous emissions generated were studied at a full-scale composting plant, aiming to provide specific pollutant emission factors and to determine their variability depending on the composting time. Waste stability and emissions analysis considered both a first phase where mixed RS and vegetal fraction (RS - VF) is actively composted in dynamic windrows and a second standard curing phase in turned piles, which lasted 31 days. Two windrows were operated at 4 days of composting time while two other windrows were operated simultaneously at 14 days composting time. Increasing the residence time leads to a better waste stabilization in the first composting phase, providing a 50% reduction of the Dynamic Respiration Index. A decrease of the ammonia emission factor was achieved when increasing the composting time (from 168.5 g NH3·Mg-1RS - VF d-1 to 114.3 g NH3·Mg-1RS - VF d-1), whereas the VOCs emission factor was maintained for the same process conditions (between 26.0 and 28.0 g C-VOC·Mg-1RS - VF d-1). However, an increase of the emission masses of both pollutants was observed (from 0.16 to 0.39 kg tVOCs·Mg-1RS - VF and from 1.21 to 1.60 kg NH3·Mg-1RS - VF). Finally, ammonia and VOCs emissions generated at the curing piles were nearly avoided when increasing the composting time of the first phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González
- Composting Research Group (GICOM), Dept. of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Group of Biological Treatment of Liquid and Gaseous Effluents (GENOCOV), Dept. of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Colón
- BETA Technology Centre: "U Science Tech", University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Gabriel
- Group of Biological Treatment of Liquid and Gaseous Effluents (GENOCOV), Dept. of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Sánchez
- Composting Research Group (GICOM), Dept. of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Narancic T, Verstichel S, Reddy Chaganti S, Morales-Gamez L, Kenny ST, De Wilde B, Babu Padamati R, O'Connor KE. Biodegradable Plastic Blends Create New Possibilities for End-of-Life Management of Plastics but They Are Not a Panacea for Plastic Pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:10441-10452. [PMID: 30156110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plastic waste pollution is a global environmental problem which could be addressed by biodegradable plastics. The latter are blended together to achieve commercially functional properties, but the environmental fate of these blends is unknown. We have tested neat polymers, polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate, polyhydroxyoctanoate, poly(butylene succinate), thermoplastic starch, polycaprolactone (PCL), and blends thereof for biodegradation across seven managed and unmanaged environments. PLA is one of the world's best-selling biodegradable plastics, but it is not home compostable. We show here that PLA when blended with PCL becomes home compostable. We also demonstrate that the majority of the tested bioplastics and their blends degrade by thermophilic anaerobic digestion with high biogas output, but degradation times are 3-6 times longer than the retention times in commercial plants. While some polymers and their blends showed good biodegradation in soil and water, the majority of polymers and their blends tested in this study failed to achieve ISO and ASTM biodegradation standards, and some failed to show any biodegradation. Thus, biodegradable plastic blends need careful postconsumer management, and further design to allow more rapid biodegradation in multiple environments is needed as their release into the environment can cause plastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Narancic
- UCD Earth Institute and School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science , University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4 , Ireland
| | | | | | - Laura Morales-Gamez
- Bioplastech Limited, Nova UCD, Belfield Innovation Park , University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4 , Ireland
| | - Shane T Kenny
- Bioplastech Limited, Nova UCD, Belfield Innovation Park , University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4 , Ireland
| | | | - Ramesh Babu Padamati
- AMBER Centre, CRANN Institute, School of Physics , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2 , Ireland
- Bioplastech Limited, Nova UCD, Belfield Innovation Park , University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4 , Ireland
| | - Kevin E O'Connor
- UCD Earth Institute and School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science , University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4 , Ireland
- BEACON - Bioeconomy Research Centre , University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4 , Ireland
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Coelho MA, Fusconi R, Pinheiro L, Ramos IC, Ferreira AS. The combination of compost or biochar with urea and NBPT can improve nitrogen-use efficiency in maize. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 90:1695-1703. [PMID: 29898117 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of organic residues to agricultural soils has been used as a practical alternative to improve crop quality and health. The objective of this work was to evaluate maize physiological and nutritional responses to the application of compost and biochar combined with urea (N) and N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT). The experiment was performed in plastic pots with 3 kg of soil under greenhouse conditions for 30 days. The compost and biochar were applied at the rate of 0.3 ton ha-1, using an amount of nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) demanded by crop growth. The physiological responses of maize were monitored by measuring the plant height, stalk diameter, leaf chlorophyll content, shoot dry weight and root dry weight. The nutritional responses of maize were assessed by using the nutrient concentration and the total nutrient assimilation by the plants. The results showed that the addition of compost or biochar did not alter the maize physiological response compared to the addition of mineral fertilizer used under the same conditions. However, a difference occurred in the maize nutritional responses to the compost and biochar amendments combined with urea and NBPT. The greatest N concentration in maize was observed in the treatment consisting of biochar combined with urea + NBPT. All the treatments in which compost or biochar was applied in combination with urea and NBPT presented greater total N assimilation compared to the treatment with conventional fertilization. The results of this survey showed that the combination of urea and NBPT improved the nitrogen-use efficiency of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Coelho
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Amazonas, s/n, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Roberta Fusconi
- Geociclo Biotecnologia, Rua José Andraus, 390, 38400-340 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Liliane Pinheiro
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Amazonas, s/n, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Ionara C Ramos
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Amazonas, s/n, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Adão S Ferreira
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Amazonas, s/n, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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Wojnowska-Baryła I, Bernat K, Sartowska S. Biological stability of multi-component agri-food digestates and post-digestates. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 77:140-146. [PMID: 30008403 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of digestate in agriculture has been an efficient way to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions through the recycling of organic materials. However, harmful effects can arise if the organic matter is unstable. The goal of this study was to determine the biological stability (4-day oxygen demand for degradation of readily biodegradable organic matter (AT4), 21-day anaerobic biogas potential (GP21), and organic matter (VS) content) of six digestates after mesophilic digestion, and that of the corresponding post-digestates after psychrophilic post-digestion. Moreover, the kinetics of the changes in biological stability during post-digestion were determined. Mesophilic digestion of six multi-component agri-food feedstocks consisting of maize silage, bovine manure, mallow silage, pig slurry, glycerin, and spent wash from distillation was carried out at an organic loading rate of 2-3 kg VS/(m3·d), and at a hydraulic retention time of 45-60 days. Digestates were left in stirred reactors, imitating storage digesters, and kept for the next 120 d under anaerobic psychrophilic conditions (20 ± 1 °C) for further stabilization. The additional biogas yields during post-digestion (50.9-114.9 dm3/kg TS) accounted for 8.5-27.4% of the biogas productivity of the feedstocks and 40-80% of that of the digestates. The efficiency of the loss of organic matter content was 22.5-40.2%. The decrease in the values of AT4, GP21 and VS content made the post-digestates more biologically stable than the digestates (digestates: AT4 = 13.7-67.0 mg O2/g TS, GP21 = 71.5-130.1 dm3/kg TS; post-digestates: AT4 = 6.6-37.4 mg O2/g TS, GP21 = 15.7-79.2 dm3/kg TS). For digestates and post-digestates, AT4 values strongly correlated with GP21 values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Wojnowska-Baryła
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bernat
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Sabina Sartowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland
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Fan YV, Lee CT, Klemeš JJ, Chua LS, Sarmidi MR, Leow CW. Evaluation of Effective Microorganisms on home scale organic waste composting. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 216:41-48. [PMID: 28427880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Home composting can be an effective way to reduce the volume of municipal solid waste. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Effective Microorganism™ (EM) for the home scale co-composting of food waste, rice bran and dried leaves. A general consensus is lacking regarding the efficiency of inoculation composting. Home scale composting was carried out with and without EM (control) to identify the roles of EM. The composting parameters for both trials showed a similar trend of changes during the decomposition. As assayed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), the functional group of humic acid was initially dominated by aliphatic structure but was dominated by the aromatic in the final compost. The EM compost has a sharper peak of aromatic CC bond presenting a better degree of humification. Compost with EM achieved a slightly higher temperature at the early stage, with foul odour suppressed, enhanced humification process and a greater fat reduction (73%). No significant difference was found for the final composts inoculated with and without EM. The properties included pH (∼7), electric conductivity (∼2), carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C: N < 14), colour (dark brown), odour (earthy smell), germination index (>100%), humic acid content (4.5-4.8%) and pathogen content (no Salmonella, <1000 Most Probable Number/g E. coli). All samples were well matured within 2 months. The potassium and phosphate contents in both cases were similar however the EM compost has a higher nitrogen content (+1.5%). The overall results suggested the positive effect provided by EM notably in odour control and humification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Van Fan
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Chew Tin Lee
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Low Carbon Asia Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; UTM Innovation Centre in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Jiří Jaromír Klemeš
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory - SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology - VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lee Suan Chua
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Roji Sarmidi
- UTM Innovation Centre in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Chee Woh Leow
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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Arrigoni JP, Paladino G, Garibaldi LA, Laos F. Inside the small-scale composting of kitchen and garden wastes: Thermal performance and stratification effect in vertical compost bins. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 76:284-293. [PMID: 29571570 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Decentralized composting has been proposed as a best available practice, with a highly positive impact on municipal solid wastes management plans. However, in cold climates, decentralized small-scale composting performance to reach thermophilic temperatures (required for the product sanitization) could be poor, due to a lack of critical mass to retain heat. In addition, in these systems the composting process is usually disturbed when new portions of fresh organic waste are combined with previous batches. This causes modifications in the well-known composting evolution pattern. The objective of this work was to improve the understanding of these technical aspects through a real-scale decentralized composting experience carried out under cold climate conditions, in order to assess sanitization performance and to study the effects of fresh feedstock additions in the process evolution. Kitchen and garden organic wastes were composted in 500 L-static compost bins (without turning) for 244 days under cold climate conditions (Bariloche, NW Patagonia, Argentina), using pine wood shavings in a ratio of 1.5:1 v: v (waste: bulking agent). Temperature profile, stability indicators (microbial activity, carbon and nitrogen contents and ratio) and other variables (pH and electrical conductivity), were monitored throughout the experience. Our results indicate that small-scale composting (average generation rate of 7 kg d-1) is viable under cold weather conditions, since thermophilic sanitization temperatures (> 55 °C) were maintained for 3 consecutive days in most of the composting mass, according to available USEPA regulations commonly used as a reference for pathogens control in sewage sludge. On the other hand, stability indicators showed a differentiated organic matter degradation process along the compost bins height. Particularly, in the bottommost composting mix layer the process took a longer period to achieve compost stability than the upper layers, suggesting that differential organic matter transformation appears not to be necessarily associated to the order of the waste batches incorporation in a time line, as it could be expected. These findings suggest the need to discuss new ways of studying the composting process in small-scale compost bins as well as their commercial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Arrigoni
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural (IRNAD) - Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Andina, Av. Bustillo N° 1500, Bariloche (8400), Rio Negro, Argentina.
| | - Gabriela Paladino
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural (IRNAD) - Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Andina, Av. Bustillo N° 1500, Bariloche (8400), Rio Negro, Argentina.
| | - Lucas Alejandro Garibaldi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural (IRNAD) - Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Andina, Av. Bustillo N° 1500, Bariloche (8400), Rio Negro, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Francisca Laos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural (IRNAD) - Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Andina, Av. Bustillo N° 1500, Bariloche (8400), Rio Negro, Argentina.
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Al-Sari MI, Sarhan MAA, Al-Khatib IA. Assessment of compost quality and usage for agricultural use: a case study of Hebron, Palestine. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:223. [PMID: 29546465 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Complying with the technical specifications of compost production is of high importance not only for environmental protection but also for increasing the productivity and promotion of compost use by farmers in agriculture. This study focuses on the compost quality of the Palestinian market and farmers' attitudes toward agricultural use of compost. The quality is assessed through selection of 20 compost samples of different suppliers and producers and lab testing for quality parameters, while the farmers' attitudes to compost use for agriculture are evaluated through survey questionnaire of 321 farmers in the Hebron area. The results showed that the compost in the Palestinian markets is of medium quality due to partial or non-compliance with the quality standards and guidelines. The Palestinian farmers showed a positive attitude since 91.2% of them have the desire to use compost in agriculture. The results also showed that knowledge of difference between compost and chemical fertilizers, perception of compost benefits, and previously experiencing problems in compost use are significant factors affecting the farmers' attitude toward the use of compost as an organic fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed I Al-Sari
- The Joint Services Council for Solid Waste Management for Hebron and Bethlehem Governorates (JSC-H& B), Hebron, Palestine
| | | | - Issam A Al-Khatib
- Institute of Environmental and Water Studies, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Birzeit, West Bank, Palestine.
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Integration of a Communal Henhouse and Community Composter to Increase Motivation in Recycling Programs: Overview of a Three-Year Pilot Experience in Noáin (Spain). SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10030690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Guidoni LLC, Marques RV, Moncks RB, Botelho FT, da Paz MF, Corrêa LB, Corrêa ÉK. Home composting using different ratios of bulking agent to food waste. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 207:141-150. [PMID: 29156437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The negative environmental impacts associated with home composting may be due to the absence of a defined operation criteria for the degradation process. In addition to the potentially low environmental impact in terms of energy and water usage, which is minimal to the manufacture of the composting unit and avoiding the processing and transportation of waste or byproduct, composting at home can also promote a reduction in the emission of unpleasant gases. The proportion of the food waste and bulking agents in the composting mixture may be decisive to fulfill good practices of waste stabilization. The aim of this study was to investigate how different ratios of bulking agent and organic household waste can affect the progress and outcome of the composting process. Three treatments, varying in the ratio of rice husk: raw fruit and vegetable leftovers (70:30, 50:50, 30:70; v:v) were used in a home composting system on a pilot scale. Results show that the proportion of starting materials used in the composting mixture influenced the degradation of organic matter, nitrogen dynamics of the process and its toxicity on germinating plants. The proportions with greater amounts of food waste had higher concentrations of mineral matter, higher peak temperature, and a better initial carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, while the proportion containing 70% of bulking agent lacked odors and leachate generation and showed a low nitrogen loss. A higher proportion of food waste presented better conditions for microbiological development and less time to obtain characteristics of matured composts. A higher proportion of bulking agents resulted in favorable conditions for household handling and less potential for environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Lourenço Castiglioni Guidoni
- NEPERS, Centro de Engenharias, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; PPGCAmb, Centro de Engenharias, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Fabiana Torma Botelho
- Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Luciara Bilhalva Corrêa
- NEPERS, Centro de Engenharias, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; PPGCAmb, Centro de Engenharias, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Érico Kunde Corrêa
- NEPERS, Centro de Engenharias, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; PPGCAmb, Centro de Engenharias, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Chen Y, Zhou C, Xu W. Fertilizer effects of composted materials from different sources on cultivating Impatiens balsamina L. in municipal solid waste management. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:5771-5778. [PMID: 29230654 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0917-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
At different stages of municipal solid waste management, several technologies such as home composting, industrial composting, and landfill mining could be used to recycle organic matters. Assessing the quality of composted material is crucial for determining where and how for recycling the organic fractions of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). Current studies mainly focused on comparing their biochemical characteristics and environmental impacts; however, comprehensive effects on cultivating plants were rarely compared with composted materials from different sources. Here, the final composting products from home composting (HC), industrial composting (IC), and landfill mining (LM), with different mixing ratios between OFMSW and soil (25, 50, 75, and 100%), were applied for cultivating Impatiens balsamina L. to examine the growing and flowering features under 195 days of observation. We found that all types of composted materials showed positive effects on growth of impatiens; however, their individual profiles were significant different. Generally, compost from HC showed the best comprehensive effects on the plant. Impatiens' dry weight biomass and maximum number of leaves and flowers of HC were1.5 and 2.8 times, 1.1 and 1.6 times, and 1.8 and 4.2 times than those of IC and LM, respectively. Compost from IC was superior in prolonging leaf-growing phase and increasing photosynthesis pigment contents of impatiens. Although comprehensive effect of fine fraction from landfill mining was much lower than HC and IC compost, it still improved impatiens growth and flowering compared to normal sandy soil. The results suggest that direct comprehensive effect on plants growth, flowering, and physiological influences could be introduced as an indicator when we compare different approach to recycle organics from MSW. Comprehensive effect on plants growth, flowering, and physiological influences could be introduced as a direct indicator for assessing organic waste recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggen Chen
- School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agricultural & Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311300, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Chuanbin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Wanying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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49
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Improved Precision and Efficiency of a Modified ORG0020 Dynamic Respiration Test Setup for Compost Stability Assessment. SUSTAINABILITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/su9122358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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50
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Colón J, Ponsá S, Álvarez C, Vinot M, Lafuente FJ, Gabriel D, Sánchez A. Analysis of MSW full-scale facilities based on anaerobic digestion and/or composting using respiration indices as performance indicators. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 236:87-96. [PMID: 28390281 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Landfill Directive (1999/31/EC) forces European States to reduce the amount of biodegradable municipal waste landfilled to 35% of 1995 levels. Mechanical-Biological Treatment (MBT) plants are the main alternative to waste incineration and landfilling. In this work, the waste treatment efficiency of six full-scale MBT facilities has been analysed using respiration indices (Dynamic Respiration Index and Cumulative Oxygen Consumption) to monitor plant performance. MBTs relying on anaerobic digestion plus composting achieved a high grade of stability on final compost (0.24±0.09mgO2g-1DMh-1 and 20±9mgO2g-1DM for dynamic respiration and cumulative consumption, respectively). On the contrary, MBTs relying only on composting showed a poor performance (1.3±0.2mgO2g-1DMh-1 and 104±18mgO2g-1DM for dynamic respiration and cumulative consumption, respectively). These results highlight the usefulness of respirometric balances to assess the performance of MBT full-scale plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Colón
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Ponsá
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Álvarez
- R+D+i Department, URBASER S.A., 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Vinot
- R+D+i Department, URBASER S.A., 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - F J Lafuente
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Gabriel
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Sánchez
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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