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Chen CX, Yang SS, Pang JW, He L, Zang YN, Ding L, Ren NQ, Ding J. Anthraquinones-based photocatalysis: A comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 22:100449. [PMID: 39104553 PMCID: PMC11298862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been significant interest in photocatalytic technologies utilizing semiconductors and photosensitizers responsive to solar light, owing to their potential for energy and environmental applications. Current efforts are focused on enhancing existing photocatalysts and developing new ones tailored for environmental uses. Anthraquinones (AQs) serve as redox-active electron transfer mediators and photochemically active organic photosensitizers, effectively addressing common issues such as low light utilization and carrier separation efficiency found in conventional semiconductors. AQs offer advantages such as abundant raw materials, controlled preparation, excellent electron transfer capabilities, and photosensitivity, with applications spanning the energy, medical, and environmental sectors. Despite their utility, comprehensive reviews on AQs-based photocatalytic systems in environmental contexts are lacking. In this review, we thoroughly describe the photochemical properties of AQs and their potential applications in photocatalysis, particularly in addressing key environmental challenges like clean energy production, antibacterial action, and pollutant degradation. However, AQs face limitations in practical photocatalytic applications due to their low electrical conductivity and solubility-related secondary contamination. To mitigate these issues, the design and synthesis of graphene-immobilized AQs are highlighted as a solution to enhance practical photocatalytic applications. Additionally, future research directions are proposed to deepen the understanding of AQs' theoretical mechanisms and to provide practical applications for wastewater treatment. This review aims to facilitate mechanistic studies and practical applications of AQs-based photocatalytic technologies and to improve understanding of these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Shan-Shan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Ji-Wei Pang
- China Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Group, CECEP Talroad Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Lei He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ya-Ni Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Lan Ding
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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Menicagli V, Ruffini Castiglione M, Cioni E, Spanò C, Balestri E, De Leo M, Bottega S, Sorce C, Lardicci C. Stress responses of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa to environmentally relevant concentrations of pharmaceutical ibuprofen: Ecological implications. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135188. [PMID: 39024758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals like ibuprofen (IBU) entering marine environments are of great concern due to their increasing consumption and impact on wildlife. No information on IBU toxicity to seagrasses is yet available. Seagrasses form key habitats and are threatened worldwide by multiple stressors. Here, the responses of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa to a short-term exposure (12 days) to environmentally realistic IBU concentrations (0.25-2.5-25 µg L-1), both at organism (plant growth) and sub-organism level (oxidative status, photosynthetic efficiency, and specialized metabolites production), were assessed in mesocosm. Chemical analyses to detect the presence of IBU and its metabolites in seawater and plants were also performed. IBU did not affect plant growth but caused physiological alterations which varied in severity depending on its concentration. Concentrations of 0.25 and 2.5 µg L-1 resulted in oxidative stress, but an increased antioxidant enzyme activity enabled plants to tolerate stress. A concentration of 25 µg L-1 caused greater oxidative stress, reduced antioxidant enzyme activity and specialized metabolites production, and impaired photosynthetic machinery functioning (particularly PSII). IBU was detected in seawater but not in plants suggesting no bioaccumulation. These findings indicate that C. nodosa could not withstand high IBU stress, and this could reduce its resilience to additional environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Menicagli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via L. Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Ruffini Castiglione
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via L. Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing University of Pisa (CISUP), University of Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43-44, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Center for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Emily Cioni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carmelina Spanò
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via L. Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Center for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Balestri
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via L. Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing University of Pisa (CISUP), University of Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43-44, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Marinella De Leo
- Center for Instrument Sharing University of Pisa (CISUP), University of Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43-44, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Bottega
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via L. Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Sorce
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via L. Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Center for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Lardicci
- Center for Instrument Sharing University of Pisa (CISUP), University of Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43-44, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Center for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, via S. Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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3
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Zhang H, Jiang M, Su P, Lv Q, Zeng G, An L, Ma J, Yang T. Novel sunlight-induced monochloramine activation system for efficient microcontaminant abatement. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 258:121798. [PMID: 38820990 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
As an eco-friendly and sustainable energy, solar energy has great application potential in water treatment. Herein, simulated sunlight was for the first time utilized to activate monochloramine for the degradation of environmental organic microcontaminants. Various microcontaminants could be efficiently degraded in the simulated sunlight/monochloramine system. The average innate quantum yield of monochloramine over the wavelength range of simulated sunlight was determined to be 0.068 mol/Einstein. With the determined quantum yield, a kinetic model was established. Based on the good agreement between the simulated and measured photolysis and radical contributions to the degradation of ibuprofen and carbamazepine, the major mechanism of monochloramine activation by simulated sunlight was proposed. Chlorine radical (Cl∙) and hydroxyl radical (HO∙) were major radicals responsible for microcontaminant degradation in the system. Moreover, the model facilitated a deep investigation into the effects of different reaction conditions (pH, monochloramine concentration, and water matrix components) on the degradation of ibuprofen and carbamazepine, as well as the roles of the involved radicals. The differences between simulated and measured degradation data of each microcontaminant under all conditions were less than 10 %, indicating the strong reliability of the model. The model could also make good prediction for microcontaminant degradation in the natural sunlight/monochloramine system. Furthermore, the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) was evaluated at different oxidation time in simulated sunlight/monochloramine with and without post-chloramination treatment. In real waters, organic components showed more pronounced suppression on microcontaminant degradation efficiency than inorganic ions. This study provided a systematic investigation into the novel sunlight-induced monochloramine activation system for efficient microcontaminant degradation, and demonstrated the potential of the system in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Maoju Jiang
- Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Cleaner Production, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529020, China
| | - Peng Su
- Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Cleaner Production, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529020, China
| | - Qixiao Lv
- Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Cleaner Production, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529020, China
| | - Ge Zeng
- Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Cleaner Production, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529020, China
| | - Linqian An
- Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Cleaner Production, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529020, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Cleaner Production, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529020, China; Institute of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutralization, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China.
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4
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Guo Y, Peng B, Liao J, Cao W, Liu Y, Nie X, Li Z, Ouyang R. Recent advances in the role of dissolved organic matter during antibiotics photodegradation in the aquatic environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170101. [PMID: 38242474 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The presence of residual antibiotics in the environment is a prominent issue. Photodegradation behavior is an important way of antibiotics reduction, which is closely related to dissolved organic matter (DOM) in water. The review provides an overview of the latest advancements in the field. Classification, characterization of DOM, and the dominant mechanisms for antibiotic photodegradation were discussed. Furthermore, it summarized and compared the effects of DOM on different antibiotics photodegradation. Moreover, the review comprehensively considered the factors influencing the photodegradation of antibiotics in the aquatic environment, including the characteristics of light, temperature, dosage of DOM, concentration of antibiotics, solution pH, and the presence of coexisting ions. Finally, potential directions were proposed for the development of predictive models for the photodegradation of antibiotics. Based on the review of existing literature, this paper also considered several pathways for the future study of antibiotic photodegradation. This study allows for a better understanding of the DOM's environmental role and provides important new insights into the photochemical fate of antibiotics in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Guo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Eco-environmental Changes and Carbon Sequestration of the Dongting Lake Basin, School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Bo Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Eco-environmental Changes and Carbon Sequestration of the Dongting Lake Basin, School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China.
| | - Jinggan Liao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Eco-environmental Changes and Carbon Sequestration of the Dongting Lake Basin, School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Weicheng Cao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Eco-environmental Changes and Carbon Sequestration of the Dongting Lake Basin, School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Yaojun Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Eco-environmental Changes and Carbon Sequestration of the Dongting Lake Basin, School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Nie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Eco-environmental Changes and Carbon Sequestration of the Dongting Lake Basin, School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Eco-environmental Changes and Carbon Sequestration of the Dongting Lake Basin, School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Rui Ouyang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Eco-environmental Changes and Carbon Sequestration of the Dongting Lake Basin, School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
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5
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Um M, Fan L, Jones OAH, Roddick F. A comparative study of programs to predict direct photolysis rates in wastewater systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168921. [PMID: 38040346 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are known to photodegrade in the surface layers of natural waters and wastewater systems. Computer programs such as GCSolar, ABIWAS, APEX, EXAMS and WASP model the direct photolysis rates and half-lives of CECs, usually as a function of the solar irradiance, water molar light extinction, chemical molar light absorption and reaction quantum yield. These programs have been used extensively for studies in natural water systems in the northern hemisphere. However, their applicability to wastewater treatment systems such as waste stabilisation ponds and/or southern hemisphere conditions is not well studied. Here we present a comparative review of the major software used and their potential applicability to predicting direct photolysis rates and half-lives in wastewater. The newer equivalent monochromatic wavelength, approach, which enables the approximation of polychromatic photodegradation via a monochromatic wavelength is also discussed. Current software appears to be less suitable for modelling photodegradation in wastewater systems in the southern hemisphere than the northern hemisphere as their internal databases are based on data from natural waters in the northern hemisphere. This may be because there have been few attempts to model CEC photolysis in wastewater systems, particularly in the southern hemisphere. This indicates that either new software needs to be developed, or these programs need to be updated with data on wastewater matrices and/or the southern hemisphere. We anticipate this review will promote the adaptation of these programs as tools to further the understanding CEC photodegradation in wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Um
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Linhua Fan
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Oliver A H Jones
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, 71, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
| | - Felicity Roddick
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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6
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Yin Q, Ji Y, Guo Y, Manoli K, Chen W, Zhang L, Yu X, Feng M. Environmental fate and risk evolution of calcium channel blockers from chlorine-based disinfection to sunlit surface waters. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 249:120968. [PMID: 38070349 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Organic micropollutants present in disinfected wastewater and discharged to sunlit surface waters may be transformed by multiple processes, such as chlorination due to the presence of chlorine residuals, solar irradiation as well as solar-irradiated chlorine residues. This study reports, for the first time, the multi-scenario degradation kinetics, transformation products, and risk evolution of calcium channel blockers (CCBs), a class of emerging pharmaceutical contaminants with worldwide prevalence in natural waters and wastewater. It was found that the chlorination of the studied CCBs (amlodipine (AML) and verapamil (VER)) was dominated by the reaction of HOCl with their neutral species, with second-order rate constants of 6.15×104 M-1 s-1 (AML) and 7.93×103 M-1 s-1 (VER) at pH 5.0-11.0. Bromination is much faster than chlorination, with the measured kapp,HOBr values of 2.94×105 M-1 s-1 and 6.58×103 M-1 s-1 for AML and VER, respectively, at pH 7.0. Furthermore, both CCBs would undergo photolytic attenuations with hydroxyl and carbonate radicals as the dominant reactive species in water. Notably, free chlorine mainly contributed to their abatement during the solar/chlorine treatment. Additionally, the halogen addition on the aromatic ring was observed during chlorination and bromination of the two CCBs. Cyclization was observed under solar irradiation only, while the aromatic ring was opened in the solar/chlorine system. Some products generated by the three transformation processes exhibited non-negligible risks of high biodegradation recalcitrance and toxicity, potentially threatening the aquatic environment and public health. Overall, this study elucidated the environmental fate of typical CCBs under different transformation processes to better understand the resulting ecological risks in these environmental scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yuefei Ji
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yating Guo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | | | - Wenzheng Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Core Facility of Biomedical, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Mingbao Feng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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7
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Arsene C, Bejan IG, Roman C, Olariu RI, Minella M, Passananti M, Carena L, Vione D. Evaluation of the Environmental Fate of a Semivolatile Transformation Product of Ibuprofen Based on a Simple Two-Media Fate Model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15650-15660. [PMID: 36240489 PMCID: PMC9670848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Partitioning between surface waters and the atmosphere is an important process, influencing the fate and transport of semi-volatile contaminants. In this work, a simple methodology that combines experimental data and modeling was used to investigate the degradation of a semi-volatile pollutant in a two-phase system (surface water + atmosphere). 4-Isobutylacetophenone (IBAP) was chosen as a model contaminant; IBAP is a toxic transformation product of the non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen. Here, we show that the atmospheric behavior of IBAP would mainly be characterized by reaction with •OH radicals, while degradation initiated by •NO3 or direct photolysis would be negligible. The present study underlines that the gas-phase reactivity of IBAP with •OH is faster, compared to the likely kinetics of volatilization from aqueous systems. Therefore, it might prove very difficult to detect gas-phase IBAP. Nevertheless, up to 60% of IBAP occurring in a deep and dissolved organic carbon-rich water body might be eliminated via volatilization and subsequent reaction with gas-phase •OH. The present study suggests that the gas-phase chemistry of semi-volatile organic compounds which, like IBAP, initially occur in natural water bodies in contact with the atmosphere is potentially very important in some environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Arsene
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, “Alexandru
Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
- Integrated
Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region
(CERNESIM), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”
University of Iasi, 11
Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
- Integrated
Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region
(RECENT AIR), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”
University of Iasi, 11
Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
| | - Iustinian G. Bejan
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, “Alexandru
Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
- Integrated
Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region
(CERNESIM), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”
University of Iasi, 11
Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
- Integrated
Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region
(RECENT AIR), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”
University of Iasi, 11
Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudiu Roman
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, “Alexandru
Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
- Integrated
Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region
(CERNESIM), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”
University of Iasi, 11
Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
- Integrated
Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region
(RECENT AIR), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”
University of Iasi, 11
Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
| | - Romeo I. Olariu
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, “Alexandru
Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
- Integrated
Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region
(CERNESIM), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”
University of Iasi, 11
Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
- Integrated
Centre of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region
(RECENT AIR), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”
University of Iasi, 11
Carol I, 700506Iasi, Romania
| | - Marco Minella
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125Torino, Italy
| | - Monica Passananti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125Torino, Italy
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, FI-00014Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luca Carena
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Vione
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125Torino, Italy
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8
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Guettaıa D, Zazoua H, Bacharı K, Boudjemaa A. A facile fabrication a novel photocatalyst (Fe-TUD-1) with enhanced photocatalytic degradation of ibuprofen. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-022-02326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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Li Z, Wang J, Gu C, Guo Y, Wu S. Marine bacteria-mediated abiotic-biotic coupling degradation mechanism of ibuprofen. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:128960. [PMID: 35472552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge on the behavior and fate of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) is poorly explored in marine aphotic environment. In this study, the degradation mechanism of a typical PPCPs-ibuprofen (IBP) by a ubiquitous marine Pseudoalteromonas sp. was investigated based on transcriptome and key enzymes analysis. More importantly, a novel enzymatic-nonenzymatic coupling degradation mechanism was uncovered for the first time, namely, the degradation of IBP was firstly initiated by extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), then the intermediate (e.g.4-ethylresorcinol) was further degraded by intracellular enzymes. It was showed that biogenic •OH, O2•-and H2O2 were responsible for extracellular nonenzymatic degradation, in which IBP was degraded to 4-ethylresorcinol through hydrogenation, isobutyl moiety cleavage, oxidation and decarboxylation. 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase, acetyl-CoA acyltransferase and enoyl-CoA hydratase were identified to be involved in intracellular degradation, leading 4-ethylresorcinol cracked and eventually mineralized. Ultimately, this novel degradation mechanism was demonstrated to be amino acids-driven through KEGG enrichment analysis and experimental data. Overall, our work uncovered a yet undiscovered abiotic-biotic coupling degradation mechanism in PPCPs biotransformation, thereby updating the conventional concept that contaminants transformation is solely accomplished by enzymes or non-enzymes, which can also provide new insights into PPCPs environmental behavior and fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelong Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Chen Gu
- Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou 311122, China
| | - Yali Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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10
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Rocha CM, Lastre-Acosta AM, Parizi MPS, Teixeira ACSC. Environmental photochemical fate of pesticides ametryn and imidacloprid in surface water (Paranapanema River, São Paulo, Brazil). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:42290-42304. [PMID: 35031991 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17991-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In addition to direct photolysis studies, in this work the second-order reaction rate constants of pesticides imidacloprid (IMD) and ametryn (AMT) with hydroxyl radicals (HO●), singlet oxygen (1O2), and triplet excited states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (3CDOM*) were determined by kinetic competition under sunlight. IMD and AMT exhibited low photolysis quantum yields: (1.23 ± 0.07) × 10-2 and (7.99 ± 1.61) × 10-3 mol Einstein-1, respectively. In contrast, reactions with HO● radicals and 3CDOM* dominate their degradation, with 1O2 exhibiting rates three to five orders of magnitude lower. The values of kIMD,HO● and kAMT,HO● were (3.51 ± 0.06) × 109 and (4.97 ± 0.37) × 109 L mol-1 s-1, respectively, while different rate constants were obtained using anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQ2S) or 4-carboxybenzophenone (CBBP) as CDOM proxies. For IMD this difference was significant, with kIMD,3AQ2S* = (1.02 ± 0.08) × 109 L mol-1 s-1 and kIMD,3CBBP* = (3.17 ± 0.14) × 108 L mol-1 s-1; on the contrary, the values found for AMT are close, kAMT,3AQ2S* = (8.13 ± 0.35) × 108 L mol-1 s-1 and kAMT,3CBBP* = (7.75 ± 0.80) × 108 L mol-1 s-1. Based on these results, mathematical simulations performed with the APEX model for typical levels of water constituents (NO3-, NO2-, CO32-, TOC, pH) indicate that the half-lives of these pesticides should vary between 24.1 and 18.8 days in the waters of the Paranapanema River (São Paulo, Brazil), which can therefore be impacted by intensive agricultural activity in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Mendes Rocha
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Chemical Systems Engineering Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, tr. 3, 380, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Arlen Mabel Lastre-Acosta
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Chemical Systems Engineering Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, tr. 3, 380, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela Prado Silva Parizi
- Energy Engineering Department, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. dos Barrageiros, 1881, Rosana, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Silva Costa Teixeira
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Chemical Systems Engineering Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, tr. 3, 380, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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11
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Goia S, Turner MAP, Woolley JM, Horbury MD, Borrill AJ, Tully JJ, Cobb SJ, Staniforth M, Hine NDM, Burriss A, Macpherson JV, Robinson BR, Stavros VG. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroelectrochemistry: femtosecond to nanosecond excited-state relaxation dynamics of the individual components of an anthraquinone redox couple. Chem Sci 2022; 13:486-496. [PMID: 35126981 PMCID: PMC8730129 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04993c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many photoactivated processes involve a change in oxidation state during the reaction pathway and formation of highly reactive photoactivated species. Isolating these reactive species and studying their early-stage femtosecond to nanosecond (fs-ns) photodynamics can be challenging. Here we introduce a combined ultrafast transient absorption-spectroelectrochemistry (TA-SEC) approach using freestanding boron doped diamond (BDD) mesh electrodes, which also extends the time domain of conventional spectrochemical measurements. The BDD electrodes offer a wide solvent window, low background currents, and a tuneable mesh size which minimises light scattering from the electrode itself. Importantly, reactive intermediates are generated electrochemically, via oxidation/reduction of the starting stable species, enabling their dynamic interrogation using ultrafast TA-SEC, through which the early stages of the photoinduced relaxation mechanisms are elucidated. As a model system, we investigate the ultrafast spectroscopy of both anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS) and its less stable counterpart, anthrahydroquinone-2-sulfonate (AH2QS). This is achieved by generating AH2QS in situ from AQS via electrochemical means, whilst simultaneously probing the associated early-stage photoinduced dynamical processes. Using this approach we unravel the relaxation mechanisms occurring in the first 2.5 ns, following absorption of ultraviolet radiation; for AQS as an extension to previous studies, and for the first time for AH2QS. AQS relaxation occurs via formation of triplet states, with some of these states interacting with the buffered solution to form a transient species within approximately 600 ps. In contrast, all AH2QS undergoes excited-state single proton transfer with the buffered solution, resulting in formation of ground state AHQS- within approximately 150 ps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Goia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Molecular Analytical Science CDT, Senate House, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Matthew A P Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Molecular Analytical Science CDT, Senate House, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Jack M Woolley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Michael D Horbury
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Alexandra J Borrill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Diamond Science and Technology CDT, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Joshua J Tully
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Diamond Science and Technology CDT, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Samuel J Cobb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Diamond Science and Technology CDT, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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12
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Ledezma-Espinoza A, Challis JK, Roa-Gutierrez F, Sánchez-Kopper A, Castellón E, Wong CS. Photolysis of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug sulindac: elucidation of kinetic behaviour and photodegradation pathways in water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:1405-1417. [PMID: 34553727 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00167a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are recognized widely as emerging contaminants. Sulindac has received additional attention as a prodrug in cancer treatment and because of its detection in drinking water and wastewaters. Nevertheless, there is limited knowledge about its kinetic behaviour and fate in the aquatic environment. In this work, the direct photolysis of sulindac, in which photochemical reactions were monitored and phototransformation products identified, was investigated under prolonged periods using UV-A and UV-B radiation and pH conditions (2 and 7) to evaluate the effect of the protonation state and the efficiency of the photolytic process. A novel kinetic mechanism has been proposed in which sulindac exhibits a consecutive reaction pathway, with pseudo-first order kinetics for rapid and reversible Z to E isomerization. Once photoequilibrium was reached, second-order degradation of the isomers in the presence of the new photodegradation products was observed. Photochemical transformation was faster under UV-B irradiation and lower pH, which suggests greater persistence of sulindac at more relevant environmental conditions of UV-A and pH 7. Two novel and major byproducts were identified, corresponding to the oxidative cleavage of the alkene exo to the indene system. The degradation pathway is mainly photoinduced, enhanced by acidic conditions and presumes the double bond as the most reactive site for the parent compound. This research demonstrates an approach for determining kinetics of compounds under challenging conditions, including, absorption from multiple electronic transitions, photoinduced products with unknown extinction coefficients, concentration dependence, photoinduced sensitizing intermediates, and speciation effects. Our work greatly improves our understanding of the degradation process of sulindac and will contribute to exposure assessments and treatment methodologies for this compound in impacted waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura Ledezma-Espinoza
- Centro de Investigación y de Servicios Químicos y Microbiológicos (CEQIATEC), School of Chemistry, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago 159-7050, Costa Rica.
| | - Jonathan K Challis
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Floria Roa-Gutierrez
- Centro de Investigación y de Servicios Químicos y Microbiológicos (CEQIATEC), School of Chemistry, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago 159-7050, Costa Rica.
| | - Andrés Sánchez-Kopper
- Centro de Investigación y de Servicios Químicos y Microbiológicos (CEQIATEC), School of Chemistry, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago 159-7050, Costa Rica.
| | - Erick Castellón
- School of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering Research Center (CICIMA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Charles S Wong
- Centro de Investigación y de Servicios Químicos y Microbiológicos (CEQIATEC), School of Chemistry, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago 159-7050, Costa Rica.
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA
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13
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Lastre-Acosta AM, Cristofoli BS, Parizi MPS, do Nascimento CAO, Teixeira ACSC. Photochemical persistence of sulfa drugs in aqueous medium: kinetic study and mathematical simulations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:23887-23895. [PMID: 33236308 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the photochemical behavior of sulfa drugs containing five and six-membered heterocyclic substituents (sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and sulfadiazine (SDZ), respectively), in an aqueous medium. Despite their importance, studies devoted to the use of photochemical models to predict the environmental phototransformation of pollutants in surface waters, by combining laboratory results and natural aquatic systems parameters, are still scarce in the scientific literature. In this work, the second-order reaction rate constants of SDZ and SMX with hydroxyl radicals (●OH), singlet oxygen (1O2), and triplet excited states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (3CDOM*) were experimentally determined at pH 7, using the competition kinetics approach. The results show that ●OH and 3CDOM* are the key species involved in sulfonamide degradation, with anionic SMX, most prevalent at pH 6-9, being degraded much slower than the anionic form of SDZ. Moreover, SDZ and SMX photodegradation in natural water samples (spring-fed natural pond, public supply reservoir, and sea water) was significantly enhanced relative to depletion in pure water. Finally, from mathematical simulations of the sunlight-driven sulfonamide degradation, half-life times were predicted for these drugs varying from less than 2 to about 90 days, depending on the water depth, concentration of key species (DOC, HCO3-, NO2-, CO32-) in natural aqueous systems, as well as on the particular heterocyclic substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlen Mabel Lastre-Acosta
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, tr. 3, 380, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Chemical Systems Engineering Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, tr. 3, 380, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Segawa Cristofoli
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, tr. 3, 380, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela Prado Silva Parizi
- Energy Engineering Department, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Dos Barrageiros, 1881, Rosana, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudio Augusto Oller do Nascimento
- Chemical Systems Engineering Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, tr. 3, 380, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Silva Costa Teixeira
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, tr. 3, 380, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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14
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Aguilar-Romero I, De la Torre-Zúñiga J, Quesada JM, Haïdour A, O'Connell G, McAmmond BM, Van Hamme JD, Romero E, Wittich RM, van Dillewijn P. Effluent decontamination by the ibuprofen-mineralizing strain, Sphingopyxis granuli RW412: Metabolic processes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 274:116536. [PMID: 33529903 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The high global consumption of ibuprofen and its limited elimination by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), has led to the contamination of aquatic systems by this common analgesic and its metabolites. The potentially negative environmental and public health effects of this emerging contaminant have raised concerns, driving the demand for treatment technologies. The implementation of bacteria which mineralize organic contaminants in biopurification systems used to decontaminate water or directly in processes in WWTPs, is a cheap and sustainable means for complete elimination before release into the environment. In this work, an ibuprofen-mineralizing bacterial strain isolated from sediments of the River Elbe was characterized and assayed to remediate different ibuprofen-polluted media. Strain RW412, which was identified as Sphingopyxis granuli, has a 4.48 Mb genome which includes plasmid sequences which harbor the ipf genes that encode the first steps of ibuprofen mineralization. Here, we confirm that these genes encode enzymes which initiate CoA ligation to ibuprofen, followed by aromatic ring activation by a dioxygenase and retroaldol cleavage to unequivocally produce 4-isobutylcatechol and propionyl-CoA which then undergo further degradation. In liquid mineral salts medium, the strain eliminated more than 2 mM ibuprofen within 74 h with a generation time of 16 h. Upon inoculation into biopurification systems, it eliminated repeated doses of ibuprofen within a few days. Furthermore, in these systems the presence of RW412 avoided the accumulation of ibuprofen metabolites. In ibuprofen-spiked effluent from a municipal WWTP, ibuprofen removal by this strain was 7 times faster than by the indigenous microbiota. These results suggest that this strain can persist and remain active under environmentally relevant conditions, and may be a useful innovation to eliminate this emerging contaminant from urban wastewater treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Aguilar-Romero
- Dept. of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín - CSIC, Calle Professor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús De la Torre-Zúñiga
- Dept. of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín - CSIC, Calle Professor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - José Miguel Quesada
- Dept. of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín - CSIC, Calle Professor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Ali Haïdour
- Unidad de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear, Centro de Instrumentación Científica, Universidad de Granada, Paseo Juan Osorio S/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Garret O'Connell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BC, V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - Breanne M McAmmond
- Department of Biological Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BC, V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Van Hamme
- Department of Biological Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BC, V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - Esperanza Romero
- Dept. of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín - CSIC, Calle Professor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Regina-Michaela Wittich
- Dept. of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín - CSIC, Calle Professor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Pieter van Dillewijn
- Dept. of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín - CSIC, Calle Professor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain.
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15
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Vione D. The modelling of Surface-Water photoreactions made easier: introducing the concept of 'equivalent monochromatic wavelengths'. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116675. [PMID: 33279749 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of successful model approaches that predict the photochemical behaviour of surface waters has greatly aided in the understanding of how water environments work and will likely work in the future, from a photochemical point of view. However, the inherent multi-wavelength (polychromatic) nature of environmental photochemistry causes the relevant mathematics to be quite complex, which discourages many scientists to carry out photochemical calculations. To greatly simplify model mathematics, this paper proposes a new approach that is based on a monochromatic approximation to the polychromatic problem, introducing the concept of what is here defined as equivalent monochromatic wavelengths (EMWs). The EMW is the single wavelength that reproduces the behaviour of the polychromatic system, using a monochromatic (Lambert-Beer based) equation. The EMW approach largely simplifies calculations, getting rid of integrals and allowing for much more straightforward and manageable equations to be obtained. In particular, this work shows that: (i) the EMW approach, although approximated, entails a negligible loss in accuracy compared to the exact polychromatic treatment of photochemical reactions; (ii) in the case of direct photolysis, the quantum yield is to be replaced by an apparent photon efficiency that is not bound to be < 1 (quantum yields can actually be > 1 for chain reactions and few other cases, but this is not the point here); (iii) the monochromatic Lambert-Beer equations work in most cases once the EMW is identified, with the present exception of sunlight absorption by chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). The latter spans a very wide wavelength range (from 300 to at least 600 nm), which makes a single-wavelength treatment more difficult. However, a relatively small modification to the monochromatic Lambert-Beer equation allows for successfully using the EMW approach, in the case of CDOM as well. The near-perfect coincidence between polychromatic and EMW-based predictions of photodegradation kinetics is here shown for the pollutants atrazine, bentazone, carbamazepine, diclofenac, diuron and ibuprofen. Extension to additional compounds requires translation of the traditional, polychromatic language into the EMW one. Hopefully, this contribution will introduce a new paradigm in the mathematical description of photochemical reactions in environmental waters. It could also become a new and simple way to treat multi-wavelength systems in general photochemistry studies, thereby completely changing the way multi-wavelength problems are dealt with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Vione
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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16
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Photodegradation mechanism and influencing factors of asthma drug salmeterol under UV irradiation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Frank BP, Sigmon LR, Deline AR, Lankone RS, Gallagher MJ, Zhi B, Haynes CL, Fairbrother DH. Photochemical Transformations of Carbon Dots in Aqueous Environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:4160-4170. [PMID: 32163703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The unique physicochemical and luminescent properties of carbon dots (CDs) have motivated research efforts toward their incorporation into commercial products. Increased use of CDs will inevitably lead to their release into the environment where their fate and persistence will be influenced by photochemical transformations, the nature of which is poorly understood. This knowledge gap motivated the present investigation of the effects of direct and indirect photolysis on citric and malic acid-based CDs. Our results indicate that natural sunlight will rapidly and non-destructively photobleach CDs into optically inactive carbon nanoparticles. We demonstrate that after photobleaching, •OH exposure degrades CDs in a two-step process that will span several decades in natural waters. The first step, occurring over several years of •OH exposure, involves depolymerization of the CD structure, characterized by volatilization of over 60% of nascent carbon atoms and the oxidation of nitrogen atoms into nitro groups. This is followed by a slower oxidation of residual carbon atoms first into carboxylic acids and then volatile carbon species, while nitrogen atoms are oxidized into nitrate ions. Considered alongside related CD studies, our findings suggest that the environmental behavior of CDs will be strongly influenced by the molecular precursors used in their synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Frank
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Leslie R Sigmon
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Alyssa R Deline
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Ronald S Lankone
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Miranda J Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Bo Zhi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christy L Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - D Howard Fairbrother
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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Derbalah A, Sunday M, Kato R, Takeda K, Sakugawa H. Photoformation of reactive oxygen species and their potential to degrade highly toxic carbaryl and methomyl in river water. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125464. [PMID: 31790988 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) including singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydroxylradicals (OH) photogenerated in natural waters play important roles in indirect photolysis of man-made pollutants. This study was conducted to investigate how the generation of these two ROS influences the degradation of two highly toxic insecticides (methomyl and carbaryl) in river water. To accomplish this, the reaction rate constants of 1O2 and OH with carbaryl and methomyl were determined; the degradation rate constants of the tested insecticides in ultrapure water (direct photolysis) and in river water in the presence and absence of 1O2 and OH scavengers were also measured. The rate constants for the reaction of OH with carbaryl and methomyl were found to be (14.8 ± 0.64) × 109 and (4.68 ± 0.52) × 109 M-1 s-1, respectively. The reaction rate constant of 1O2 with carbaryl (2.98 ± 0.10) × 105 M-1 s-1, was much higher than that of methomyl (<104 M-1 s-1). Indirect photolysis by OH accounted for 63% and 62%, while 1O2 accounted for 26% and 30% and direct photolysis accounted for 1.4% and 7% of methomyl and carbaryl degradation, respectively. The high degradation rate in river water demonstrated by both insecticides suggests that indirect photolysis mediated by OH is an important means of their degradation in river water. In addition, kinetic calculations of OH-mediated degradation rate constants of the compounds agrees with their experimentally-determined values thereby confirming the importance of OH towards their degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aly Derbalah
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan; Pesticides Chemistry and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Michael Sunday
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Ryota Kato
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takeda
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakugawa
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.
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Carena L, Vione D. Mapping the Photochemistry of European Mid-Latitudes Rivers: An Assessment of Their Ability to Photodegrade Contaminants. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020424. [PMID: 31968645 PMCID: PMC7024250 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The abiotic photochemical reactions that take place naturally in sunlit surface waters can degrade many contaminants that pose concern to water bodies for their potentially toxic and long-term effects. This works aims at assessing the ability of European rivers to photoproduce reactive transient intermediates, such as HO• radicals and the excited triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (3CDOM*), involved in pollutant degradation. A photochemical mapping of the steady-state concentrations of these transients was carried out by means of a suitable modeling tool, in the latitude belt between 40 and 50°N. Such a map allowed for the prediction of the photochemical lifetimes of the phenylurea herbicide isoproturon (mostly undergoing photodegradation upon reaction with HO• and especially 3CDOM*) across different European countries. For some rivers, a more extensive dataset was available spanning the years 1990–2002, which allowed for the computation of the steady-state concentration of the carbonate radicals (CO3•−). With these data, it was possible to assess the time trends of the photochemical half-lives of further contaminants (atrazine, ibuprofen, carbamazepine, and clofibric acid). The calculated lifetimes were in the range of days to weeks, which might or might not allow for efficient depollution depending on the river-water flow velocity.
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20
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Gornik T, Vozic A, Heath E, Trontelj J, Roskar R, Zigon D, Vione D, Kosjek T. Determination and photodegradation of sertraline residues in aqueous environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 256:113431. [PMID: 31677867 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sertraline is an antidepressant drug that has been frequently reported in the aquatic environment and biota. While the research has mostly dealt with its occurrence and toxicity, there is a lack of information pertaining to its environmental transformation. The present study aimed to fill in these gaps by giving an insight into mechanisms of sertraline phototransformation in surface waters, which was recognized as the main transformation pathway for this contaminant. We performed photodegradation experiments in presence of photosensitizers or reaction quenchers to determine rate constants and used them to predict sertraline phototransformation kinetics by "Aqueous Photochemistry of Environmentally occurring Xenobiotics" (APEX) software. It was established that sertraline degrades by pseudo-first order kinetics mostly dominated by direct photolysis, while the presence of certain reactive species including •OH, CO3-• and 3CDOM* further accelerate the compound's breakdown rate. To validate the predicted results, sertraline-spiked surface water was irradiated by sunlight, where the half-life of sertraline at around 1.4 days was estimated. While following the photodegradation kinetics, we also identified five transformation products, of which three were determined in Slovenian surface waters. According to the ECOSAR toxicity prediction, these transformation products will either have comparable or lower toxicity than their parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjasa Gornik
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Vozic
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Askerceva 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ester Heath
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jurij Trontelj
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Askerceva 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Roskar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Askerceva 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dusan Zigon
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Davide Vione
- University of Turin, Department of Chemistry, Via Pietro Giuria 5, Torino, Italy
| | - Tina Kosjek
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Kryczyk-Poprawa A, Kwiecień A, Opoka W. Photostability of Topical Agents Applied to the Skin: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2019; 12:pharmaceutics12010010. [PMID: 31861803 PMCID: PMC7023431 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Topical treatment modalities have multiple advantages starting with the convenient application and non-invasive treatment and ending with the reduction of the risk of the systemic side effects. Active pharmaceutical substances must reach the desired concentration at the target site in order to produce a particular therapeutic effect. In contrast to other dosage forms topical agents applied to the skin may also be susceptible to photodegradation after application. That is why the knowledge of the susceptibility of these topical drugs to UV irradiation, which may contribute to their degradation or changes in chemical structure, is very important. Active pharmaceutical substances used in dermatology may differ both in chemical structure and photostability. Furthermore, various factors-such as light intensity and wavelength, pH, temperature, concentration-can influence the photodegradation process, which is reflected in particular in kinetics of photodegradation of active pharmaceutical substances as well as both the quantitative and qualitative composition of by-products. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the photostability of dermatological drugs, as well as of other substances commonly applied topically. The photostability of glucocorticosteroids, retinoids, and antifungal drugs as well as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs applied topically and selected UV-filters have been discussed. Furthermore, the impact of photoinstability on the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy and some photostabilization strategies have been also included.
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22
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A Critical View of the Application of the APEX Software (Aqueous Photochemistry of Environmentally-Occurring Xenobiotics) to Predict Photoreaction Kinetics in Surface Freshwaters. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010009. [PMID: 31861417 PMCID: PMC7017383 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The APEX (aqueous photochemistry of environmentally occurring xenobiotics) software computes the phototransformation kinetics of compounds that occur in sunlit surface waters. It is free software based on Octave, and was originally released in 2014. Since then, APEX has proven to be a remarkably flexible platform, allowing for the addressing of several environmental problems. However, considering APEX as a stand-alone software is not conducive to exploiting its full potentialities. Rather, it is part of a whole ecosystem that encompasses both the software and the laboratory protocols that allow for the measurement of substrate photoreactivity parameters. Coherently with this viewpoint, the present paper shows both how to use APEX, and how to experimentally derive or approximately assess the needed input data. Attention is also given to some issues that might provide obstacles to users, including the extension of APEX beyond the simple systems for which it was initially conceived. In particular, we show how to use APEX to deal with compounds that undergo acid–base equilibria, and with the photochemistry of systems such as stratified lakes, lakes undergoing evaporation, and rivers. Hopefully, this work will provide a reference for the smooth use of one of the most powerful instruments for the modeling of photochemical processes in freshwater environments. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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Minella M, Bertinetti S, Hanna K, Minero C, Vione D. Degradation of ibuprofen and phenol with a Fenton-like process triggered by zero-valent iron (ZVI-Fenton). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108750. [PMID: 31563032 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
It is shown here that ZVI-Fenton is a suitable technique to achieve effective degradation of ibuprofen and phenol under several operational conditions. Degradation of ibuprofen was possible in the pH interval 3-6 in both synthetic laboratory systems and actual wastewater (secondary treatment effluent), but operation at the higher pH values required higher H2O2 concentration and/or higher ZVI loading. In the case of real wastewater we offset the lower degradation efficiency, caused by the occurrence of organic and inorganic interfering agents, by carrying out multiple H2O2 additions. The studied wastewater sample had a buffer-capacity minimum at pH 4-5, and optimal treatment for ibuprofen degradation might take place at either pH 4 or 6. With a reagents cost in the order of 0.06-0.10 $ m-3, the technique appears as very competitive and promising for tertiary wastewater treatment. There is a clear trade-off between savings in pH-fixing reagents and higher consumption of ZVI-Fenton reagents at the different pH values. The final choice in real application scenarios could be based on cost considerations (which favour pH 4) and/or the eventual fate of wastewater. For instance, wastewater reuse might place requirements on the salinity that is increased by the acidification/neutralization steps: in this case, operation at pH 6 is preferred. Interestingly, the ZVI-Fenton degradation of ibuprofen led to very low generation of toxic 4-isobutylacetophenone (IBAP, which is the ibuprofen by-product raising the highest concern), because of the combination of low formation yields and limited IBAP stability in the optimal reaction conditions. In addition to ibuprofen, phenol could be degraded as well by ZVI-Fenton. Interestingly, the ability of ZVI-Fenton to degrade both ibuprofen and phenol under similar conditions might open up the way to apply this technique to additional pollutants as well as to pollutant mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Minella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Bertinetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Khalil Hanna
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Claudio Minero
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Vione
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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Carena L, Puscasu CG, Comis S, Sarakha M, Vione D. Environmental photodegradation of emerging contaminants: A re-examination of the importance of triplet-sensitised processes, based on the use of 4-carboxybenzophenone as proxy for the chromophoric dissolved organic matter. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124476. [PMID: 31404736 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The photoreactions sensitised by the excited triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (3CDOM*) are very important in the photochemical attenuation of emerging contaminants in natural waters. Until quite recently, anthraquinone-2-sulphonate (AQ2S) was the only available CDOM proxy molecule to estimate the contaminant reaction kinetics with 3CDOM*, under steady-state irradiation conditions. Unfortunately, the AQ2S triplet state (3AQ2S*) is considerably more reactive than average 3CDOM*. We have recently developed an alternative protocol based on 4-carboxybenzophenone (CBBP), the triplet state of which (3CBBP*) is less reactive compared to 3AQ2S*. Here we show that in the case of ibuprofen (IBP), paracetamol (APAP) and clofibric acid (CLO), the reaction rate constants with 3CBBP* are more reasonable as 3CDOM* reactivity estimates than those obtained by using AQ2S. In contrast, similar rate constants are measured for the reaction of atrazine (ATZ) with either 3AQ2S* or 3CBBP*. Moreover, the reactivity of ATZ with both 3AQ2S* and 3CBBP* is very similar to that with 3CDOM*, available through a literature estimate. The possibility to validate the ATZ-3CBBP* reactivity estimate against the 3CDOM* data, and to accurately predict the reported IBP and CLO field lifetime, support the suitability of CBBP as CDOM proxy. The replacement of AQ2S with CBBP as proxy molecule does not reverse the qualitative prediction, according to which 3CDOM* would be the main process involved in the photodegradation of the studied contaminants in waters with high dissolved organic carbon (DOC). However, the CBBP-based data prompt for an important reconsideration of the estimated lifetimes at high DOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Carena
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Cezara G Puscasu
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Comis
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Mohamed Sarakha
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, F-63177, Aubière, France
| | - Davide Vione
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy.
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25
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Chen X, Wang J, Chen J, Zhou C, Cui F, Sun G. Photodegradation of 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole (UV-P) in coastal seawaters: Important role of DOM. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 85:129-137. [PMID: 31471019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BT-UVs) have attracted concerns due to their ubiquitous occurrence in the aquatic environment, and their bioaccumulative and toxic properties. However, little is known about their aquatic environmental degradation behavior. In this study, photodegradation of a representative of BT-UVs, 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole (UV-P), was investigated under simulated sunlight irradiation. Results show that UV-P photodegrades slower under neutral conditions (neutral form) than under acidic or alkaline conditions (cationic and anionic forms). Indirect photodegradation is a dominant elimination pathway of UV-P in coastal seawaters. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from seawaters accelerate the photodegradation rates mainly through excited triplet DOM (3DOM⁎), and the roles of singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical are negligible in the matrixes. DOM from seawaters impacted by mariculture exhibits higher steady-state concentration of 3DOM⁎ ([3DOM⁎]) relative to those from pristine seawaters, leading to higher photosensitizing effects on the photodegradation. Halide ions inhibit the DOM-sensitized photodegradation of UV-P by decreasing [3DOM⁎]. Photodegradation half-lives of UV-P are estimated to range from 24.38 to 49.66 hr in field water bodies of the Yellow River estuary. These results are of importance for assessing environmental fate and risk UV-P in coastal water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jieqiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Chengzhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Feifei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Guoxin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Aguilera-Porta N, Corral I, Munoz-Muriedas J, Granucci G. Excited state dynamics of some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: A surface-hopping investigation. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Lastre-Acosta AM, Barberato B, Parizi MPS, Teixeira ACSC. Direct and indirect photolysis of the antibiotic enoxacin: kinetics of oxidation by reactive photo-induced species and simulations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:4337-4347. [PMID: 29931641 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the aqueous phase photochemical behavior of enoxacin (ENO), an antibiotic selected as a model pollutant of emerging concern. The second-order reaction rate constants of ENO with hydroxyl radicals (HO●) and singlet oxygen (1O2) were determined at pH 3, 7, and 9. Also, the rate constants of the electron transfer reaction between ENO and triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (3CDOM*) are reported for the first time, based on anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQ2S) as CDOM proxy. The sunlight-driven direct and indirect ENO degradation in the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is also discussed. The results show that direct photolysis, which occurs more rapidly at higher pH, along with the reactions with HO● and 3AQ2S*, is the key pathway involved in ENO degradation. The ENO zwitterions, prevailing at pH 7, show kENO, HO●, kENO,1O2, and kENO,3AQ2S* of (14.0 ± 0.8) × 1010, (3.9 ± 0.2) × 106, and (61.5 ± 0.7) × 108 L mol-1 s-1, respectively, whose differences at pH 3, 7, and 9 are due to ENO pH-dependent speciation and reactivity. These k values, along with the experimental ENO photolysis quantum yield, were used in mathematical simulations for predicting ENO persistence in sunlit natural waters. According to the simulations, dissolved organic matter and water depth are expected to have the highest impacts on ENO half-life, varying from a few hours to days in summertime, depending on the concentrations of relevant waterborne species (organic matter, NO3-, NO2-, HCO3-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlen Mabel Lastre-Acosta
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Chemical Systems Engineering Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, tr. 3, São Paulo, SP, 380, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Barberato
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Chemical Systems Engineering Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, tr. 3, São Paulo, SP, 380, Brazil
| | - Marcela Prado Silva Parizi
- Department of Energy Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Barrageiros, Rosana, SP, 1881, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Carlos Silva Costa Teixeira
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Chemical Systems Engineering Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, tr. 3, São Paulo, SP, 380, Brazil
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28
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Parizi MPS, Lastre Acosta AM, Ishiki HM, Rossi RC, Mafra RC, Teixeira ACSC. Environmental photochemical fate and UVC degradation of sodium levothyroxine in aqueous medium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:4393-4403. [PMID: 30109685 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2907-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The synthetic hormone sodium levothyroxine (LTX) is one of the most prescribed drugs in the world and the most effective in hypothyroidism treatment. The presence of LTX in the environment has become a matter of major concern due to the widespread use of this hormone and by the fact that it is only partially removed in conventional water and sewage treatment plants. However, information regarding the photochemical fate of this hormone in environmental or engineered systems is scarce in the literature. In this work, the sunlight-driven direct and indirect LTX degradation was investigated by determining the photolysis quantum yield, ΦLTX = 3.80 (± 0.02) × 10-5, as well as the second-order kinetic constants of the reactions with hydroxyl radicals, kLTX,•OH = 1.50 (± 0.01) × 1010 L mol-1 s-1 and singlet oxygen, kLTX,1O2 = 1.47 (± 0.66) × 108 L mol-1 s-1. Mathematical simulations indicate that LTX photodegradation is favored in shallow, nitrite-rich, and dissolved organic matter (DOM)-poor environments, with LTX half-life times varying from less than 10 days to about 80 days. LTX removals of 85 and 95% were achieved by UVC photolysis and UVC/H2O2 after 120 min, respectively. Three transformation products, triiodothyronine, diiodothyronine, and diiodotyrosine, were identified during LTX degradation by the UVC-based processes studied. The results herein regarding photo-induced kinetics coupled with environmental fate simulations may help evaluate LTX persistence and also the design of water and wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Prado Silva Parizi
- Energy Engineering Department, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Barrageiros Av. 1881, Rosana, SP, Brazil.
| | - Arlen Mabel Lastre Acosta
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes, Chemical Systems Engineering Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, tr. 3, 380, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Mitsugu Ishiki
- Environment and Regional Development, University of Western São Paulo (Unoeste), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Calciolari Rossi
- Environment and Regional Development, University of Western São Paulo (Unoeste), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Cristina Mafra
- Environment and Regional Development, University of Western São Paulo (Unoeste), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Silva Costa Teixeira
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes, Chemical Systems Engineering Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, tr. 3, 380, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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29
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Nurmi TMA, Kiljunen TK, Knuutinen JS. A fugacity model assessment of ibuprofen, diclofenac, carbamazepine, and their transformation product concentrations in an aquatic environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:328-341. [PMID: 30397752 PMCID: PMC6318256 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3485-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
An updated version of FATEMOD, a multimedia fugacity model for environmental fate of organic chemicals, was set up to assess environmental behaviour of three pharmaceuticals in northern Lake Päijänne, Finland. Concentrations of ibuprofen, diclofenac, and carbamazepine were estimated at various depths at two sites: near a wastewater treatment plant and 3.5 km downstream the plant. When compared with environmental sampling data from corresponding depths and sites, the predicted concentrations, ranging from nanograms to hundreds of nanograms per litre, were found to be in good agreement. Weather data were utilised with the model to rationalise the effects of various environmental parameters on the sampling results, and, e.g. the roles of various properties of lake dynamics and photodegradation were identified. The new model also enables simultaneous assessment of transformation products. Environmentally formed transformation product concentrations were estimated to be at highest an order of magnitude lower than those of the parent compounds, and unlikely to reach a detectable level. However, a possibility that conjugates of ibuprofen are present at higher levels than the parent compound was identified. Simulation results suggest that environmental degradation half-lives of the inspected contaminants under stratified lake conditions are in the range of some weeks to months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas M A Nurmi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Toni K Kiljunen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juha S Knuutinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Abstract
Bismuth oxyhalides have recently gained attention for their promise as photocatalysts. Due to their layered structure, these materials present fascinating and highly desirable physicochemical properties including visible light photocatalytic capability and improved charge separation. While bismuth oxyhalides have been rigorously evaluated for the photocatalytic degradation of dyes and many synthesis strategies have been employed to enhance this property, relatively little work has been done to test them against pharmaceuticals and pesticides. These persistent organic pollutants are identified as emerging concerns by the EPA and effective strategies must be developed to combat them. Here, we review recent work directed at characterizing the nature of the interactions between bismuth oxyhalides and persistent organic pollutants using techniques including LC-MS/MS for the determination of photocatalytic degradation intermediates and radical scavenging to determine active species during photocatalytic degradation. The reported investigations indicate that the high activity of bismuth oxyhalides for the breakdown of persistent organic pollutants from water can be largely attributed to the strong oxidizing power of electron holes in the valence band. Unlike conventional catalysts like TiO2, these catalysts can also function in ambient solar conditions. This suggests a much wider potential use for these materials as green catalysts for industrial photocatalytic transformation, particularly in flow chemistry applications.
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31
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Zhang YN, Wang J, Chen J, Zhou C, Xie Q. Phototransformation of 2,3-Dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE) in Natural Waters: Important Roles of Dissolved Organic Matter and Chloride Ion. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:10490-10499. [PMID: 30141914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) have become ubiquitous emerging organic pollutants. However, little is known about their transformation in natural waters. In this study, aquatic photochemical behavior of a representative NBFR, 2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE), was investigated by simulated sunlight irradiation experiment. Results show that DPTE can undergo direct photolysis (apparent quantum yield 0.008 ± 0.001) and hydroxyl radical (·OH) initiated oxidation (second order reaction rate constant 2.4 × 109 M-1·s-1). Dissolved organic matter (DOM) promotes the photodegradation due to generation of excited triplet DOM and ·OH. Two chlorinated intermediates were identified in the photodegradation of DPTE in seawaters. Density functional theory calculation showed that ·Cl or ·Cl2- addition reactions on C-Br sites of the phenyl group and H-abstraction reactions from the propyl group are main reaction pathways of DPTE with the chlorine radicals. The ·Cl or ·Cl2- addition proceeds via a replacement mechanism to form chlorinated intermediates. Environmental half-lives of DPTE relevant with photodegradation are estimated to be 6.5-1153.9 days in waters of the Yellow River estuarine region. This study provides valuable insights into the phototransformation behavior of DPTE in natural waters, which is helpful for persistence assessment of the NBFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment , Northeast Normal University , Changchun 130117 , China
| | - Jieqiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Chengzhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Qing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
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32
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Arthur RB, Bonin JL, Ardill LP, Rourk EJ, Patterson HH, Stemmler EA. Photocatalytic degradation of ibuprofen over BiOCl nanosheets with identification of intermediates. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 358:1-9. [PMID: 29945020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalysis directed at the removal of persistent organic pollutants, including pharmaceuticals, has been the subject of intense recent research. Bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) has emerged as a potential alternative to traditional photocatalysts and has shown competitive removal efficiencies. However, pathways responsible for BiOCl photodegradation have not been well characterized. The present work is the first to determine, using LC-MS/MS analysis, the pathways by which BiOCl removes ibuprofen (IBP) from water. HPLC-DAD and LC-MS/MS analyses show that BiOCl converts IBP to two primary photochemical products, 4-isobutylacetophenone (IBAP) and 1-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethanol (IBPE). The reactivity for BiOCl is attributed to interactions of the carboxylic acid group of IBP with holes in the valence band. Hydroxylated-IBP was not detected in BiOCl photocatalytic degradation experiments which would be expected in a process driven by the formation and reactivity of reactive oxygen species. These data were used to formulate a photocatalytic degradation pathway for IBP and highlight the importance of studying both primary and secondary degradation reactions for photocatalytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Arthur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, United States
| | - Jesse L Bonin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, United States
| | - Luke P Ardill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, United States
| | - Ellery J Rourk
- Department of Chemistry, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, 04011, United States
| | - Howard H Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, United States.
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Mohammadi H, Bina B, Ebrahimi A. A novel three-dimensional electro-Fenton system and its application for degradation of anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals: Modeling and degradation pathways. PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 2018; 117:200-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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Zhou C, Chen J, Xie H, Zhang YN, Li Y, Wang Y, Xie Q, Zhang S. Modeling photodegradation kinetics of organic micropollutants in water bodies: A case of the Yellow River estuary. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 349:60-67. [PMID: 29414753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Predicting photodegradation rate constants (k) of pollutants in water bodies is important for assessing their persistence and fate. This prediction used to be based on the k values determined under laboratory conditions that seldom consider underwater downward sunlight attenuation in the field. We studied a procedure to predict k taking the Yellow River estuary and two model chemicals (sulfamethoxazole and acyclovir) as a case. Models were developed for predicting underwater sunlight intensities from optically-active substances. Based on the predicted underwater sunlight intensities, hourly variation of k for the model compounds was predicted as a function of water depth, for a fresh water, an estuarine water and a seawater body in the estuary. Results show that photodegradation half-lives (t1/2) of the two compounds will be underestimated by dozens of times if underwater downward sunlight attenuation and intensity variation are not considered. Outdoor validation experiments show the maximum deviation between the predicted and measured k values is a factor of 2. The developed models can be employed to predict k of environmental chemicals in coastal water bodies once they are locally calibrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Huaijun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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Vione D, Encinas A, Fabbri D, Calza P. A model assessment of the potential of river water to induce the photochemical attenuation of pharmaceuticals downstream of a wastewater treatment plant (Guadiana River, Badajoz, Spain). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 198:473-481. [PMID: 29425948 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We predicted the possible direct and indirect phototransformation kinetics of carbamazepine (CBZ), ibuprofen (IBU) and diclofenac (DIC) in river water, based on data of water chemistry obtained for the Guadiana River near Badajoz (Southwestern Spain) during a year-round sampling campaign. The three compounds were chosen, (i) because they occurred at the outlet of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Badajoz, as well as in river water sampled 1 km downstream of the WWTP, and (ii) because their photochemical fate in surface waters is known well enough to be modelled. The predicted phototransformation kinetics would be negligible in winter and fastest in April-August, with comparable rate constants in April through August despite differences in sunlight irradiance. Favourable water chemistry would in fact offset the lower irradiance, and vice versa. Half-life times of at least three weeks - one month are predicted for CBZ and IBU. Photodegradation may be an important attenuation pathway for biorecalcitrant CBZ, while IBU photochemistry is unlikely to be competitive with other processes including biodegradation. The predicted DIC photochemical half-life times of 7-10 days in April-August would be comparable with the biodegradation kinetics data reported in the literature. Photochemistry might not induce extensive phototransformation of xenobiotics in the Guadiana River under normal flow conditions, but it could become important in the case of low flow produced by water scarcity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Vione
- Università di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy; Università di Torino, Centro Interdipartimentale NatRisk, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco TO, Italy.
| | - Angel Encinas
- FCC Aqualia S.A., C/ Montesinos 28, 06002, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Debora Fabbri
- Università di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Calza
- Università di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Koehler B, Barsotti F, Minella M, Landelius T, Minero C, Tranvik LJ, Vione D. Simulation of photoreactive transients and of photochemical transformation of organic pollutants in sunlit boreal lakes across 14 degrees of latitude: A photochemical mapping of Sweden. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 129:94-104. [PMID: 29132125 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lake water constituents, such as chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and nitrate, absorb sunlight which induces an array of photochemical reactions. Although these reactions are a substantial driver of pollutant degradation in lakes they are insufficiently understood, in particular on large scales. Here, we provide for the first time comprehensive photochemical maps covering a large geographic region. Using photochemical kinetics modeling for 1048 lakes across Sweden we simulated the steady-state concentrations of four photoreactive transient species, which are continuously produced and consumed in sunlit lake waters. We then simulated the transient-induced photochemical transformation of organic pollutants, to gain insight into the relevance of the different photoreaction pathways. We found that boreal lakes were often unfavorable environments for photoreactions mediated by hydroxyl radicals (OH) and carbonate radical anions (CO3-), while photoreactions mediated by CDOM triplet states (3CDOM*) and, to a lesser extent, singlet oxygen (1O2) were the most prevalent. These conditions promote the photodegradation of phenols, which are used as plastic, medical drug and herbicide precursors. When CDOM concentrations increase, as is currently commonly the case in boreal areas such as Sweden, 3CDOM* will also increase, promoting its importance in photochemical pathways even more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Koehler
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Francesco Barsotti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Minella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Tomas Landelius
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Folkborgsvägen 1, 60176 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Claudio Minero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Lars J Tranvik
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Davide Vione
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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Ali AMM, Kallenborn R, Sydnes LK, Rønning HT, Alarif WM, Al-Lihaibi S. Photolysis of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the marine environment under simulated sunlight conditions: irradiation and identification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:14657-14668. [PMID: 28455569 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The photochemical fate of 16 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) found in the environment has been studied under controlled laboratory conditions applying a sunlight simulator. Aqueous samples containing PPCPs at environmentally relevant concentrations were extracted by solid-phase extraction (SPE) after irradiation. The exposed extracts were subsequently analysed by liquid chromatography combined with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) for studying the kinetics of photolytic transformations. Almost all exposed PPCPs appeared to react with a half-life time (τ 1/2) of less than 30 min. For ranitidine, sulfamethoxazole, diclofenac, warfarin, sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin, τ1/2 was found to be even less than 5 min. The structures of major photolysis products were determined using quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QToF) and spectroscopic data reported in the literature. For diclofenac, the transformation products carbazol-1-yl-acidic acid and 8-chloro-9H-carbazol-1-yl-acetic acid were identified based on the mass/charge ratio of protonated ions and their fragmentation pattern in negative electrospray ionization (ESI--QTOF). Irradiation of carbamazepine resulted in three known products: acridine, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, and 10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxy-carbamazepine, whereas acetaminophen was photolytically transformed to 1-(2-amino-5 hydroxyphenyl) ethenone. These photochemical products were subsequently identified in seawater or fish samples collected at sites exposed to wastewater effluents on the Saudi Arabian coast of the Red Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasim Musa Mohamed Ali
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80207, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roland Kallenborn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences (KBM), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Christian M. Falsen veg 1, NO-1432, Ås, Norway.
| | - Leiv Kristen Sydnes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helene Thorsen Rønning
- School of Veterinary Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ullevålsveien 72, -0454, Oslo, NO, Norway
| | - Walied Mohamed Alarif
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80207, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Al-Lihaibi
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80207, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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McNeill K, Canonica S. Triplet state dissolved organic matter in aquatic photochemistry: reaction mechanisms, substrate scope, and photophysical properties. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2016; 18:1381-1399. [PMID: 27722628 DOI: 10.1039/c6em00408c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Excited triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (3CDOM*) play a major role among the reactive intermediates produced upon absorption of sunlight by surface waters. After more than two decades of research on the aquatic photochemistry of 3CDOM*, the need for improving the knowledge about the photophysical and photochemical properties of these elusive reactive species remains considerable. This critical review examines the efforts to date to characterize 3CDOM*. Information on 3CDOM* relies mainly on the use of probe compounds because of the difficulties associated with directly observing 3CDOM* using transient spectroscopic methods. Singlet molecular oxygen (1O2), which is a product of the reaction between 3CDOM* and dissolved oxygen, is probably the simplest indicator that can be used to estimate steady-state concentrations of 3CDOM*. There are two major modes of reaction of 3CDOM* with substrates, namely triplet energy transfer or oxidation (via electron transfer, proton-coupled electron transfer or related mechanisms). Organic molecules, including several environmental contaminants, that are susceptible to degradation by these two different reaction modes are reviewed. It is proposed that through the use of appropriate sets of probe compounds and model photosensitizers an improved estimation of the distribution of triplet energies and one-electron reduction potentials of 3CDOM* can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher McNeill
- Institute for Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Silvio Canonica
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Iovino P, Chianese S, Canzano S, Prisciandaro M, Musmarra D. Ibuprofen photodegradation in aqueous solutions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:22993-23004. [PMID: 27581046 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The advanced treatment of polluted liquid streams containing traces of pharmaceutical compounds is a major issue, since more and more effluents from pharma labs and wastewaters containing the excretions of medically treated humans and animals are discharged in the conventional wastewater treatment plants without previous effective treatments. Ibuprofen is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which explains why it is found in wastewaters so often. In this paper, the removal of IBP from simulated water streams was investigated by using a lab-scale experimental device, consisting of a batch reactor equipped with a lamp emitting monochromatic UV light at a fixed wavelength (254 nm) and various intensities. Three sets of experiments were carried out: the first to study IBP concentration as a function of time, at different volumes of treated solutions (V = 10-30 mL); the second to explore the effect of pH on IBP degradation as a function of time (pH = 2.25-8.25) and the third to evaluate the effect of different UV light intensities on IBP degradation (E = 100-400 mJ m-2). The IBP initial concentration (IBP 0) was varied in the range 30-60 mg L-1. The results obtained show that the concentration of IBP decreases along with treatment time, with a negative effect of the treated volume, i.e. smaller volumes, such as lower liquid heights, are more easily degraded. Moreover, the higher the pH, the better the IBP degradation; actually, when pH increases from 2.25 to 6.6 and 8.25, the IBP concentration, after an hour of treatment, decreases respectively to 45, 34 and 27 % of its initial value. In addition, as the intensity of light increases from 100 to 400 mJ m-2, the IBP concentration decreases to 34 % of its initial value. A reaction scheme is put forward in the paper, which well describes the effects of volume, pH and light intensity on the IBP degradation measured experimentally. Moreover, the IBP degradation by-products have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Iovino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Simeone Chianese
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Design, Edilizia e Ambiente, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Real Casa dell'Annunziata, Via Roma 9, 81031, Aversa, CE, Italy
| | - Silvana Canzano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Marina Prisciandaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell'Informazione e di Economia, Università dell'Aquila, Viale Giovanni Gronchi 18, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Dino Musmarra
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Design, Edilizia e Ambiente, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Real Casa dell'Annunziata, Via Roma 9, 81031, Aversa, CE, Italy
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Musmarra D, Prisciandaro M, Capocelli M, Karatza D, Iovino P, Canzano S, Lancia A. Degradation of ibuprofen by hydrodynamic cavitation: Reaction pathways and effect of operational parameters. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2016; 29:76-83. [PMID: 26584987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ibuprofen (IBP) is an anti-inflammatory drug whose residues can be found worldwide in natural water bodies resulting in harmful effects to aquatic species even at low concentrations. This paper deals with the degradation of IBP in water by hydrodynamic cavitation in a convergent-divergent nozzle. Over 60% of ibuprofen was degraded in 60 min with an electrical energy per order (EEO) of 10.77 kWh m(-3) at an initial concentration of 200 μg L(-1) and a relative inlet pressure pin=0.35 MPa. Five intermediates generated from different hydroxylation reactions were identified; the potential mechanisms of degradation were sketched and discussed. The reaction pathways recognized are in line with the relevant literature, both experimental and theoretical. By varying the pressure upstream the constriction, different degradation rates were observed. This effect was discussed according to a numerical simulation of the hydroxyl radical production identifying a clear correspondence between the maximum kinetic constant kOH and the maximum calculated OH production. Furthermore, in the investigated experimental conditions, the pH parameter was found not to affect the extent of degradation; this peculiar feature agrees with a recently published kinetic insight and has been explained in the light of the intermediates of the different reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Musmarra
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Design, Edilizia e Ambiente, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Real Casa dell'Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy
| | - Marina Prisciandaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell'Informazione e di Economia, Università dell'Aquila, viale Giovanni Gronchi 18, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Mauro Capocelli
- Facoltà di Ingegneria, Università Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Despina Karatza
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Design, Edilizia e Ambiente, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Real Casa dell'Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy
| | - Pasquale Iovino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi, 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Silvana Canzano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi, 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Amedeo Lancia
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università "Federico II" di Napoli, Piazzale V. Tecchio, 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
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Xiang Y, Fang J, Shang C. Kinetics and pathways of ibuprofen degradation by the UV/chlorine advanced oxidation process. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 90:301-308. [PMID: 26748208 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The UV/chlorine advanced oxidation process (AOP), which forms reactive species such as hydroxyl radicals (HO) and reactive chlorine species (RCS) such as chlorine atoms (Cl) and Cl2(-), is being considered as an alternative to the UV/H2O2 AOP for the degradation of emerging contaminants. This study investigated the kinetics and pathways of the degradation of a recalcitrant pharmaceutical and personal care product (PPCP)-ibuprofen (IBP)-by the UV/chlorine AOP. The degradation of IBP followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The first-order rate constant was 3.3 times higher in the UV/chlorine AOP than in the UV/H2O2 AOP for a given chemical molar dosage at pH 6. The first-order rate constant decreased from 3.1 × 10(-3) s(-1) to 5.5 × 10(-4) s(-1) with increasing pH from 6 to 9. Both HO and RCS contributed to the degradation, and the contribution of RCS increased from 22% to 30% with increasing pH from 6 to 9. The degradation was initiated by HO-induced hydroxylation and Cl-induced chlorine substitution, and sustained through decarboxylation, demethylation, chlorination and ring cleavage to form more stable products. Significant amounts of chlorinated intermediates/byproducts were formed from the UV/chlorine AOP, and four chlorinated products were newly identified. The yield of total organic chlorine (TOCl) was 31.6 μM after 90% degradation of 50 μM IBP under the experimental conditions. The known disinfection by-products (DBPs) comprised 17.4% of the TOCl. The effects of water matrix in filtered drinking water on the degradation were not significant, demonstrating the practicality of the UV/chlorine AOP for the control of some refractory PPCPs. However, the toxicity of the chlorinated products should be further assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xiang
- SYSU-HKUST Research Center for Innovative Environmental Technology (SHRCIET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-Sen University), Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jingyun Fang
- SYSU-HKUST Research Center for Innovative Environmental Technology (SHRCIET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-Sen University), Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Chii Shang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Hong Kong.
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Vione D, De Laurentiis E, Berto S, Minero C, Hatipoglu A, Cinar Z. Modeling the photochemical transformation of nitrobenzene under conditions relevant to sunlit surface waters: Reaction pathways and formation of intermediates. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 145:277-283. [PMID: 26688265 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrobenzene (NB) would undergo photodegradation in sunlit surface waters, mainly by direct photolysis and triplet-sensitized oxidation, with a secondary role of the *OH reaction. Its photochemical half-life time would range from a few days to a couple of months under fair-weather summertime irradiation, depending on water chemistry and depth. NB phototransformation gives phenol and the three nitrophenol isomers, in different yields depending on the considered pathway. The minor *OH role in degradation would make NB unsuitable as *OH probe in irradiated natural water samples, but the selectivity towards *OH could be increased by monitoring the formation of phenol from NB+*OH. The relevant reaction would proceed through ipso-addition of *OH on the carbon atom bearing the nitro-group, forming a pre-reactive complex that would evolve into a transition state (and then into a radical addition intermediate) with very low activation energy barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Vione
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via P.Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy.
| | - Elisa De Laurentiis
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via P.Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Berto
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via P.Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Minero
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via P.Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Arzu Hatipoglu
- Yildiz Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zekiye Cinar
- Yildiz Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
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43
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Calza P, Vione D, Galli F, Fabbri D, Dal Bello F, Medana C. Study of the photochemical transformation of 2-ethylhexyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (OD-PABA) under conditions relevant to surface waters. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 88:235-244. [PMID: 26512801 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We studied the aquatic environmental fate of 2-ethylhexyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (OD-PABA), a widespread sunscreen, to assess its environmental persistence and photoinduced transformation. Direct photolysis is shown to play a key role in phototransformation, and this fast process is expected to be the main attenuation route of OD-PABA in sunlit surface waters. The generation of transformation products (TPs) was followed via HPLC/HRMS. Five (or four) TPs were detected in the samples exposed to UVB (or UVA) radiation, respectively. The main detected TPs of OD-PABA, at least as far as HPLC-HRMS peak areas are concerned, would involve a dealkylation or hydroxylation/oxidation process in both direct photolysis and indirect phototransformation. The latter was simulated by using TiO2-based heterogeneous photocatalysis, involving the formation of nine additional TPs. Most of them resulted from the further degradation of the primary TPs that can also be formed by direct photolysis. Therefore, these secondary TPs might also occur as later transformation intermediates in natural aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Calza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - D Vione
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy; NatRisk Inter-Department Centre, University of Torino, Via L. da Vinci 44, 10095, Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
| | - F Galli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - D Fabbri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - F Dal Bello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - C Medana
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
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Vione D, Calza P, Galli F, Fabbri D, Santoro V, Medana C. The role of direct photolysis and indirect photochemistry in the environmental fate of ethylhexyl methoxy cinnamate (EHMC) in surface waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 537:58-68. [PMID: 26282740 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aquatic environmental fate of ethylhexyl methoxy cinnamate (EHMC), one of the most used UVB filters worldwide, was studied by assessing its environmental persistence and photoinduced transformations. The role of direct and indirect photolysis was evaluated. Direct photolysis was shown to play a key role, and this process is expected to be the main attenuation route of EHMC in sunlit surface waters. In contrast, the reaction with OH radicals would be negligible and that with (3)CDOM* would at most be a secondary process. The measurement of the quantum yield of direct photolysis and of the rate constants of reaction with photogenerated transient species (or, sometimes, the use of reasonable values for the latter) allowed the prediction of the EHMC half-life time in surface waters, by means of a validated photochemical model. The predicted EHMC lifetime is of the order of hours to a few days in fair-weather summertime, and the main factors controlling the EHMC phototransformation in sunlit surface waters would be the water depth and the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content. The formation of transformation products (TPs) was followed as well via HPLC/HRMS. Three TPs were detected in the samples exposed to UVA radiation, while one additional TP was detected in the samples exposed to UVB radiation. The detected TPs comprised 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, a hydroxylated derivative and dimeric species. Through the use of heterogeneous photocatalysis with TiO2, seven additional TPs were identified, most of them resulting from the further degradation of primary TPs formed through direct photolysis and that might be detected in aquatic systems as well. The photodegradation of EHMC in the presence of TiO2 yielded more toxic TPs than the parent compound (as determined with the Vibrio fischeri Microtox assay). The increased toxicity is partially accounted for by the formation of 4-methoxybenzaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vione
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - P Calza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - F Galli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Fabbri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - V Santoro
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - C Medana
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Gligorovski S, Strekowski R, Barbati S, Vione D. Environmental Implications of Hydroxyl Radicals (•OH). Chem Rev 2015; 115:13051-92. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500310b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 737] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sasho Gligorovski
- Aix-Marseille
Université, CNRS, LCE UMR 7376, 13331 Marseilles, France
| | - Rafal Strekowski
- Aix-Marseille
Université, CNRS, LCE UMR 7376, 13331 Marseilles, France
| | - Stephane Barbati
- Aix-Marseille
Université, CNRS, LCE UMR 7376, 13331 Marseilles, France
| | - Davide Vione
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Centro
Interdipartimentale NatRisk, Università di Torino, Via L. Da
Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
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Ferrari GV, Natera J, Paulina Montaña M, Muñoz V, Gutiérrez EL, Massad W, Miskoski S, García NA. Scavenging of photogenerated ROS by Oxicams. Possible biological and environmental implications. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 153:233-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Calza P, Vione D, Fabbri D, Aigotti R, Medana C. Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids in Water: Assessment of Photocatalytic and Photochemical Transformation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:10951-10958. [PMID: 26302036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The photoinduced transformation of two ionic liquids, 1-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate (HMIM) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate (EMIM), was investigated under photocatalytic conditions in the presence of irradiated TiO2. We monitored substrate disappearance, transformation products (TPs), degree of mineralization, and toxicity of the irradiated systems. Acute toxicity measures suggested in both cases the occurrence of more toxic TPs than the parent molecules. A total of five TPs were detected by HPLC-HRMS from HMIM and nine from EMIM. Complete mineralization and stoichiometric release of nitrogen was achieved for both compounds within 4 h of irradiation. The photochemical transformation kinetics and pathways in surface waters (direct photolysis and indirect photoreactions) were studied for EMIM, to assess its persistence in sunlit water bodies such as rivers or lakes. Environmental phototransformation would be dominated by direct photolysis, with half-life times of up to one month under fine-weather conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Calza
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino , via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Vione
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino , via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Debora Fabbri
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino , via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Aigotti
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino , via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Medana
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino , via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Li FH, Yao K, Lv WY, Liu GG, Chen P, Huang HP, Kang YP. Photodegradation of ibuprofen under UV-Vis irradiation: mechanism and toxicity of photolysis products. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 94:479-83. [PMID: 25680932 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The photodegradation of ibuprofen (IBP) in aqueous media was studied in this paper. The degradation mechanism, the reaction kinetics and toxicity of the photolysis products of IBP under UV-Vis irradiation were investigated by dissolved oxygen experiments, quenching experiments of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and toxicity evaluation utilizing Vibrio fischeri. The results demonstrated that the IBP degradation process could be fitted by the pseudo first-order kinetics model. The degradation of IBP by UV-Vis irradiation included direct photolysis and self-sensitization via ROS. The presence of dissolved oxygen inhibited the photodegradation of IBP, which indicated that direct photolysis was more rapid than the self-sensitization. The contribution rates of ·OH and (1)O2 were 21.8 % and 38.6 % in self-sensitization, respectively. Ibuprofen generated a number of intermediate products that were more toxic than the base compound during photodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Hua Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
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Bianco A, Fabbri D, Minella M, Brigante M, Mailhot G, Maurino V, Minero C, Vione D. New insights into the environmental photochemistry of 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol (triclosan): reconsidering the importance of indirect photoreactions. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 72:271-280. [PMID: 25179274 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol) is a widely used antimicrobial agent that undergoes fairly slow biodegradation. It is often found in surface waters in both the acidic (HTric) and basic (Tric(-)) forms (pKa ∼8), and it can undergo direct photodegradation to produce several intermediates including a dioxin congener (2,8-dichlorodibenzodioxin, hereafter 28DCDD). The latter is formed from Tric(-) and causes non-negligible environmental concern. Differently from current literature reports, in this paper we show that the direct photolysis would not be the only important transformation pathway of triclosan in surface waters. This is particularly true for HTric, which could undergo very significant reactions with (•)OH and, if the laser-derived quenching rate constants of this work are comparable to the actual reaction rate constants, with the triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter ((3)CDOM*). Model calculations suggest that reaction with (3)CDOM* could be the main HTric phototransformation pathway in deep waters with high dissolved organic carbon (DOC), while reaction with (•)OH could prevail in low-DOC waters. In the case of Tric(-) the direct photolysis is much more important than for HTric, but triplet-sensitised transformation could produce 28DCDD + 27DCDD with higher yield compared to the direct photolysis, and it could play some role as dioxin source in deep waters with elevated DOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Bianco
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Debora Fabbri
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Minella
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Marcello Brigante
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, BP 80026, F-63177 Aubière, France
| | - Gilles Mailhot
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, BP 80026, F-63177 Aubière, France
| | - Valter Maurino
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Minero
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Vione
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy; Università degli Studi di Torino, Centro Interdipartimentale NatRisk, Via L. Da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
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Fabbri D, Minella M, Maurino V, Minero C, Vione D. Photochemical transformation of phenylurea herbicides in surface waters: a model assessment of persistence, and implications for the possible generation of hazardous intermediates. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:601-607. [PMID: 25128892 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This work models the phototransformation kinetics in surface waters of five phenylurea herbicides (diuron, fenuron, isoproturon, metoxuron and chlortoluron), for which important photochemical parameters are available in the literature (direct photolysis quantum yields and reaction rate constants with ·OH, CO3(-·) and the triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter, (3)CDOM*). Model calculations suggest that isoproturon and metoxuron would be the least photochemically persistent and diuron the most persistent compound. Reactions with ·OH and (3)CDOM* would be the main phototransformation pathways for all compounds in the majority of environmental conditions. Reaction with CO3(-) could be important in waters with low dissolved organic carbon (DOC), while direct photolysis would be negligible for fenuron, quite important for chlortoluron, and somewhat significant for the other compounds. The direct photolysis of metoxuron and diuron is known to increase toxicity, and such a photoreaction pathway would be enhanced at intermediate DOC values (1-4 mg C L(1)). The reaction between phenylureas and ·OH is known to produce toxic intermediates, differently from (3)CDOM*. Therefore, the shift of reactivity from ·OH to (3)CDOM* with increasing DOC could reduce the environmental impact of photochemical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Fabbri
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy(1)
| | - Marco Minella
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy(1)
| | - Valter Maurino
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy(1)
| | - Claudio Minero
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy(1)
| | - Davide Vione
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy(1); Università degli Studi di Torino, Centro Interdipartimentale NatRisk, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy(2).
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