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Epstein JA, Ramon GZ. In-situ measurement of the internal compaction of a soft material caused by permeation flow. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 673:883-892. [PMID: 38908287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The compaction of hydrogel films under permeation flow can be measured, in-situ, by tracking the internal displacements of their structure, thereby revealing the internal deformation profile. Additionally, monitoring the permeation flow rate and applied pressure over time enables determination of variations in the hydrogel's permeability due to flow-induced compaction. Hydrogels are soft porous materials capable of containing high amounts of water within their polymeric matrix. Flow-induced internal deformation can modify the hydrogel's permeability and selectivity, which are important attributes in separation processes, both industrial (e.g., membrane-based water purification) and natural (mucous filters in suspension feeders and intestinal lining) systems. Measuring the flow-induced compaction in thin hydrogels films can reveal the interplay between flow and permeability. However, the micro-scale internal compaction remains uncharted for due to experimental challenges. EXPERIMENTS A technique is demonstrated for analyzing the compaction and stratification of permeable soft materials, in-situ, created by a pressure-driven permeation flow. To this end, the internal deformations within a soft material layer are calculated, based on tracking the positions of fluorescent micro-tracers that are embedded within the soft material. We showcase the capabilities of this technique by examining a hundred-micron-thick calcium-alginate cake deposited on a nanofiltration membrane, emphasizing the achieved micro-scale resolution of the local compaction measurements. FINDINGS The results highlight the possibility to examine thin hydrogel films and their internal deformation produced by flow-induced stresses when varying the flow conditions. The method enables the simultaneous calculation of the soft material's permeance, as the pressure-driven flow conditions are continuously monitored. In summary, the proposed method provides a powerful tool for characterizing the behaviour of permeable soft materials under permeation conditions, with potential applications in engineering, biophysics and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Epstein
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Guy Z Ramon
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel; Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel.
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2
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Ji Z, Wang J, Yan Z, Liu C, Liu Z, Chang H, Qu F, Liang H. Gravity-driven membrane integrated with membrane distillation for efficient shale gas produced water treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 266:122332. [PMID: 39216126 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Substantial volumes of hazardous shale gas produced water (SGPW) generated in unconventional natural gas exploration. Membrane distillation (MD) is a promising approach for SGPW desalination, while membrane fouling, wetting, and permeate deterioration restrict MD application. The integration of gravity-driven membrane (GDM) with MD process was proposed to improve MD performance, and different pretreatment methods (i.e., oxidation, coagulation, and granular filtration) were systematically investigated. Results showed that pretreatment released GDM fouling and improved permeate quality by enrich certain microbes' community (e.g., Proteobacteria and Nitrosomonadaceae), greatly ensured the efficient desalination of MD. Pretreatment greatly influences GDM fouling layer morphology, leading to different flux performance. Thick/rough/hydrophilic fouling layer formed after coagulation, and thin/loose fouling layer formed after silica sand filtration improved GDM flux by 2.92 and 1.9 times, respectively. Moreover, the beneficial utilization of adsorption-biodegradation effects significantly enhanced GDM permeate quality. 100 % of ammonia and 53.99 % of UV254 were efficiently removed after zeolite filtration-GDM and granular activated carbon filtration-GDM, respectively. Compared to the surged conductivity (41.29 μS/cm) and severe flux decline (>82 %) under water recovery rate of 75 % observed in single MD for SGPW treatment, GDM economically controlled permeate conductivity (1.39-19.9 μS/cm) and MD fouling (flux decline=8.3 %-27.5 %). Exploring the mechanisms, the GDM-MD process has similarity with Janus MD membrane in SGPW treatment, significantly reduced MD fouling and wetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxuan Ji
- School of Architecture & Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Jiaxuan Wang
- School of Architecture & Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Zhongsen Yan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Caihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, 710055, China
| | - Haiqing Chang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China; State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Fangshu Qu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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3
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Nahum Y, Gross N, Cerrone A, Matouš K, Nerenberg R. Effect of biofilm physical characteristics on their susceptibility to antibiotics: impacts of low-frequency ultrasound. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:70. [PMID: 39160204 PMCID: PMC11333500 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00544-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are highly resistant to antimicrobials, often causing chronic infections. Combining antimicrobials with low-frequency ultrasound (LFU) enhances antimicrobial efficiency, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Biofilm physical characteristics, which depend on factors such as growth conditions and age, can have significant effects on inactivation efficiency. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms to tobramycin, with and without LFU treatment. The biofilms were grown under low and high fluid shear to provide different characteristics. Low-shear biofilms exhibited greater thickness, roughness, and porosity and lower density, compared to high-shear biofilms. The biofilm matrix of the high-shear biofilms had a three times higher protein-to-polysaccharide ratio, suggesting greater biofilm stiffness. This was supported by microrheology measurements of biofilm creep compliance. For the low-shear biofilms without LFU, the viability of the biofilms in their inner regions was largely unaffected by the antibiotic after a 2-hour treatment. However, when tobramycin was combined with LFU, the inactivation for the entire biofilm increased to 80% after 2 h. For the high-shear biofilms without LFU, higher LFU intensities were needed to achieve similar inactivation results. Microrheology measurements revealed that changes in biofilm inactivation profiles were closely related to changes in biofilm mechanical properties. Modeling suggests that LFU changes antibiotic diffusivity within the biofilm, probably due to a "decohesion" effect. Overall, this research suggests that biofilm physical characteristics (e.g., compliance, morphology) are linked to antimicrobial efficiency. LFU weakens the biofilm while increasing its diffusivity for antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanina Nahum
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Neila Gross
- Boston University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albert Cerrone
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Karel Matouš
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Robert Nerenberg
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
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4
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Zhao F, Zhou Z, Du P, Li X, Lu Q. Reduction of fouling of gravity-driven membrane by combined treatment of persulphate/nanoscale zero-valent iron/ultraviolet and dynamic dual coagulant flocs layer. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:3405-3417. [PMID: 37226802 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2215939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, persulphate and nanoscale zero-valent iron were activated by ultraviolet irradiation (PS/nZVI/UV), followed by formation of dynamic flocs with AlCl3-TiCl4 coagulant directly injected into a gravity-driven membrane (GDM) tank. Membrane fouling caused by typical organic matter fractions including humic acid (HA), HA together with bovine serum albumin (HA-BSA), HA combined with polysaccharide (HA-SA) and the HA-BSA-SA mixture at pH of 6.0, 7.5 and 9.0 were evaluated by specific flux and fouling resistance distribution. The results showed that GDM pre-layered with AlCl3-TiCl4 flocs exhibited the maximum specific flux, followed by AlCl3 and TiCl4. Pre-oxidation with 0.5 mM PS and 0.1 g nZVI under UV radiation for 20 min was beneficial to degrade HA and SA fraction with molecular weight >100 kDa and <30 kDa, and BSA fraction with <30 kDa. The presence of BSA attributed mostly to irreversible fouling, SA together with BAS could exacerbate irreversible fouling, while HA caused the least fouling. The irreversible resistance of a PS/nZVI/UV-GDM system was 62.79%, 27.27%, 58.03% and 49.68% lower than that of control GDM in the treatment of HA, HA-BSA, HA-SA and HA-BSA-SA, respectively. The PS/nZVI/UV-GDM system could achieve the highest foulants removal efficiency at pH of 6.0. Morphological observations confirmed the differences in biofouling layers in different water types. Over 30-day operation, the bacterial genera on the biofouling layer could affect the organic removals, while the type of organic matter that was present influenced the relative abundance of bacterial genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuwang Zhao
- School of Energy and Environment, Zhong Yuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- College of Architecture & Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Du
- College of Architecture & Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- China Academy of Building Research, Institute of Building Fire Research, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Li
- College of Architecture & Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxuan Lu
- School of Energy and Environment, Zhong Yuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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5
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Chen R, Xu D, Zhao J, Tang X, Yang H, Liang H. Effects of cations on biofilms in gravity-driven membrane system: Filtration performance and mechanism investigation. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 254:121383. [PMID: 38432002 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The gravity-driven membrane (GDM) system is desirable for energy-efficient water treatment. However, little is known about the influence of cations on biofilm properties and GDM performance. In this study, typical cations (Ca2+ and Na+) were used to reveal the combined fouling behavior and mechanisms. Results showed that Ca2+ improved the stable flux and pollutant removal efficiency, while Na+ adversely affected the flux. Compared with GDM control, the concentration of pollutants was lower in Ca-GDM, as indicated by the low biomass, proteins, and polysaccharides. A heterogeneous and loose biofilm was observed in the Ca-GDM system, with roughness and porosity increasing by 43.06 % and 32.60 %, respectively. However, Na+ induced a homogeneous and dense biofilm, with porosity and roughness respectively reduced by 17.48 % and 22.04 %. The richness of bacterial communities increased in Ca-GDM systems, while it decreased in Na-GDM systems. High adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration in Ca-GDM system was consistent with the abundant bacteria and their high biological activity, which was helpful for the efficient removal of pollutants. The abundance of Apicomplexa, Platyhelminthes, Annelida and Nematoda increased after adding Ca2+, which was related to the formation of loose biofilms. Computational simulations indicated that the free volumes of the biofilms in Ca-GDM and Na-GDM were 13.7 and 13.2 nm3, respectively. The addition of cations changed intermolecular forces, Ca2+ induced bridging effects led to large and loose floc particles, while the significant dehydration of hydrated molecules in the Na-GDM caused obvious aggregation. Overall, microbiological characteristics and contaminant molecular interactions were the main reasons for differences in GDM systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Daliang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Haiyang Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
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Clements E, Nahum Y, Pérez-Calleja P, Kim B, Nerenberg R. Effects of temperature on nitrifying membrane-aerated biofilms: An experimental and modeling study. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 253:121272. [PMID: 38367375 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Temperature is known to have an important effect on the morphology and removal fluxes of conventional, co-diffusional biofilms. However, much less is known about the effects of temperature on membrane-aerated biofilm reactors (MABRs). Experiments and modeling were used to determine the effects of temperature on the removal fluxes, biofilm thickness and morphology, and biofilm microbial community structure of nitrifying MABRs. Steady state tests were carried out at 10 °C and 30 °C. MABRs grown at 30 °C had higher ammonium removal fluxes (5.5 ± 0.9 g-N/m2/day at 20 mgN/L) than those grown at 10 °C (3.4 ± 0.2 g-N/m2/day at 20 mgN/L). The 30 °C biofilms were thinner and rougher, with a lower protein to polysaccharides ratio (PN/PS) in their extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix and greater amounts of biofilm detachment. Based on fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH), there was a higher relative abundance of nitrifying bacteria at 30 °C than at 10 °C, and the ratio of AOB to total nitrifiers (AOB + NOB) was higher at 30 °C (95.1 ± 2.3%) than at 10 °C (77.2 ± 8.6 %). Anammox bacteria were more abundant at 30 °C (16.6 ± 3.7 %) than at 10 °C (6.5 ± 2.4 %). Modeling suggested that higher temperatures increase ammonium oxidation fluxes when the biofilm is limited by ammonium. However, fluxes decrease when oxygen becomes limited, i.e., when the bulk ammonium concentrations are high, due to decreased oxygen solubility. Consistent with the experimental results, the model predicted that the percentage of AOB to total nitrifiers at 30 °C was higher than at 10 °C. To investigate the effects of temperature on biofilm diffusivity and O2 solubility, without longer-term changes in the microbial community, MABR biofilms were grown to steady state at 20 °C, then the temperature changed to 10 °C or 30 °C overnight. Higher ammonium oxidation fluxes were obtained at higher temperatures: 1.91 ± 0.24 g-N/m2/day at 10 °C and 3.19 ± 0.40 g-N/m2/day at 30 °C. Overall, this work provides detailed insights into the effect of temperature on nitrifying MABRs, which can be used to better understand MABR behavior and manage MABR reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Clements
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Southern Nevada Water Authority, 1299 Burkholder Blvd., Henderson, NV 89015, USA
| | - Yanina Nahum
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Patricia Pérez-Calleja
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Bumkyu Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Robert Nerenberg
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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7
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Clements E, Calleja PP, Grotz L, Nerenberg R. Effect of membrane type on the behavior of nitrifying membrane aerated biofilms: silicone membranes vs. micromembrane cords. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:1358-1373. [PMID: 36318863 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2143288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in membrane-aerated biofilm reactors (MABRs), due to their energy efficiency and ability to intensify wastewater treatment. While MABR membranes play a key role, supporting biofilms and transferring O2, little research has addressed how membrane types impact MABR performance. This research compared two types of membranes used in commercial MABRs: a silicone hollow-fibre membrane and a 'micromembrane cord,' consisting of an inert cord surrounded by fine proprietary polymeric membranes. We used single-membrane MABRs to determine the oxygen mass transfer coefficient, Km, and explore biofilm development. The silicone membrane had a measured Km of 2.6 m/d, and the micromembrane cord had an apparent Km of 1 m/d. Pure MABR bundles (only biofilm) were operated with synthetic wastewater, and hybrid MABRs (suspended biomass and biofilm) with real wastewater, to explore behaviour for a wide range of conditions. The maximum ammonium oxidation fluxes with synthetic wastewater were 7.8 gN/m2d for the silicone membrane and 4.3 gN/m2d for the micromembrane cord. However, at bulk NH4+ concentrations below 5 mgN/L, the ammonium oxidation fluxes were similar. A previously published MABR model effectively captured the behaviour of each membrane. Nitrification fluxes with real wastewater were lower than synthetic wastewater, likely because of the presence of chemical oxygen demand (COD). Although the ammonium oxidation fluxes were higher for the silicone membranes for a given air supply pressure, the fluxes for the micromembrane cord could be increased using higher intramembrane air pressures. Overall, this research helped understand the impact of membrane types on nitrification fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert Nerenberg
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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8
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Clark GG, Geisler D, Coey EJ, Pollitz LJ, Zaki FR, Huang C, Boppart SA, Nguyen TH. Influence of phosphate on bacterial release from activated carbon point-of-use filters and on biofilm characteristics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169932. [PMID: 38199359 PMCID: PMC11090127 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Point-of-use (POU) filters certified to remove lead are often composed of activated carbon and have been shown to release high concentrations of bacteria, including opportunistic pathogens. In this study, we examine the impacts of the common corrosion inhibitor phosphate on biofilm characteristics and the relationship between biofilm structure and bacterial release from POU filters. This knowledge is essential for understanding how best to use the filters and where these filters fit in a system where other lead contamination prevention measures may be in place. We measured the bacterial release from activated carbon POU filters fed with groundwater - a common source of drinking water - with and without phosphate. We used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to quantitatively characterize biofilm growing on activated carbon filter material in which the biofilms were fed groundwater with and without phosphate. Phosphate filters released significantly less (57-87 %) bacteria than groundwater filters, and phosphate biofilms (median thickness: 82-331 μm) grew to be significantly thicker than groundwater biofilms (median thickness: 122-221 μm). The phosphate biofilm roughness ranged from 97 to 142 % of the groundwater biofilm roughness and was significantly greater in most weeks. Phosphate biofilms also had fewer pores per biofilm volume and shorter channels connecting those pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma G Clark
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States of America.
| | - Dietrich Geisler
- Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, United States of America
| | - Evan J Coey
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States of America
| | - Lance J Pollitz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States of America
| | - Farzana R Zaki
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States of America
| | - Conghui Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States of America
| | - Stephen A Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States of America; Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States of America; Carle Illinois College of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Thanh H Nguyen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States of America; Carle Illinois College of Medicine, United States of America; Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States of America
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9
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Jiang S, Shang X, Chen G, Zhao M, Kong H, Huang Z, Zheng X. Effects of regular zooplankton supplement on the bacterial communities and process performance of biofilm for wastewater treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118933. [PMID: 37690248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm processing technologies were widely used for wastewater treatment due to its advantages of low cost and easy management. However, the aging biofilms inevitably decrease the purification efficiency and increase the sludge production, which limited the widely application of biofilms technologies in rural area. In this study, we proposed a novel strategy by introducing high-trophic organisms to prey on low-trophic organisms, and reduce the aged biofilms and enhance treatment efficiencies in rural wastewater treatment. The effect of three typical zooplankton (Paramecium, Daphnia, and Rotifer) supplement on the purification efficiency and biofilm properties in the contact oxidation process were investigated, and the reaction conditions were optimized by an orthogonal experiment. Under optimal conditions, the biofilms weight decreased 67.6%, the oxygen consumption rate of biofilms increased 9.4%, and wastewater treatment efficiency was obviously increased after zooplankton supplement. Microbial sequencing results demonstrated that the zooplankton optimize the contact oxidation process by altering the bacterial genera mainly Diaphorobacter, Thermomonas, Alicycliphilus and Comamonas. This research provides insight into mechanism of the zooplankton supplement in biological contact oxidation process and provides a feasible strategy for improving the rural sewage treatment technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunfeng Jiang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China.
| | - Xiao Shang
- Shanghai Waterway Engineering Design and Consulting Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200135, PR China.
| | - Gong Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China.
| | - Min Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China.
| | - Hainan Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Zhao Huang
- Wenzhou Ecological Park Development and Construction Investment Group Co., Ltd, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, PR China.
| | - Xiangyong Zheng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China.
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10
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Ma X, Wang Y, Tong L, Luo J, Chen R, Wang Y, Guo X, Wang J, Zhou Z, Qi J, Li G, Liang H, Tang X. Gravity-driven membrane system treating heavy metals-containing secondary effluent: Improved removal of heavy metals and mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139590. [PMID: 37480959 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the removal performance of the gravity-driven membrane (GDM) system in treating the heavy metals-containing secondary effluent, as well as evaluating the respective roles of Fe and Mn addition on the removal of heavy metals. GDM process with the formation of biocake layer exerted effective removals of Cr, Pb and Cd, with an average removal efficiency of 98%, 95% and 40%, respectively, however, after removing the biocake layer, the removal efficiencies of Cr, Pb and Cd reduced to 59%, 85% and 19%, respectively, indicating that the biocake layer played a fundamental role in removing heavy metals. With the assistance of Fe, the removal efficiency of heavy metals increased, and exhibited a positive response to the Fe dosage, due to the adsorption by the freshly generated iron oxides. On the contrary, the Mn involvement would result in the reduction of Cd removal due to the competitive adsorption of residual dissolved Mn2+ and Cd. Furthermore, the addition of a high dosage of Fe increased the diversity of eukaryotic communities and facilitated the elimination of heavy metals, however, the involvement of Mn would lead to a reduction in microbial diversity, resulting in a decrease of heavy metal removal efficiency. These findings are expected to develop new tactics to enhance heavy metal removal and promote widespread application of GDM technology in the fields of deep treatment of heavy metals-containing wastewater and reclamation of secondary effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Yanrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Le Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Jiaoying Luo
- Heilongjiang College of Construction, 999 Xueyuan Road, Hulan District, Harbin, 150025, PR China
| | - Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Yuanxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Xishou Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Jingyao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
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11
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Hu J, Ji B, Wang R, Shi D, Shao S. Fouling by inorganic-particle-containing cake layers can be reduced by microorganisms at low fluxes. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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12
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Gong W, Liu X, Wang J, Zhao Y, Tang X. A gravity-driven membrane bioreactor in treating the real decentralized domestic wastewater: Flux stability and membrane fouling. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:138948. [PMID: 37196796 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Domestic wastewater in decentralized sites is capturing increasing attention. However, conventional treatment technology is not sufficiently cost-effective. In this study, real domestic wastewater was treated directly using a gravity-driven membrane bioreactor (GDMBR) at 45 mbar without backwashing or chemical cleaning, and the effects of different membrane pore sizes (0.22 μm, 0.45 μm, and 150 kDa) on flux development and contaminants removal were examined. The results showed that the flux initially decreased and then stabilized throughout long-term filtration and that the stabilized flux level of the GDMBR equipped the membranes with the pore size of 150 kDa and 0.22 μm was higher than that of 0.45 μm membrane and was in the range of 3.25-4.25 L m-2h-1. The flux stability was related to spongelike and permeable biofilm generation on the membrane surface in the GDMBR system. The presence of aeration shear on the membrane surface would cause the slough off of biofilm from the membrane surface, especially in the scenarios of GDMBR with the membrane pore size of 150 kDa and 0.22 μm, contributing to lower accumulation of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and smaller biofilm thickness compared to that of 0.45 μm membrane. Furthermore, the GDMBR system achieved efficient removals of chemical oxygen demand (COD), and ammonia, with average removal efficiencies of 60-80% and 70%. The high biological activity and microbial community diversity within the biofilm would improve its biodegradation and should be responsible for the efficient removal performance of contaminants. Interestingly, the membrane effluent could effectively retain total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). Therefore, it's feasible to adopt the GDMBR process to treat the actual domestic wastewater in the decentralized locations, and these findings could be expected to develop some simple and environmentally friendly strategies for decentralized wastewater treatment with fewer inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Gong
- School of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Xianwu Liu
- School of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jiashuo Wang
- School of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yuzhou Zhao
- School of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
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13
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Manoharadas S, Ahmad N, Altaf M, Alrefaei AF, Al-Rayes BF. An Enzybiotic Cocktail Effectively Disrupts Preformed Dual Biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040564. [PMID: 37111322 PMCID: PMC10145859 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections are on the rise around the world. Chronic infections caused by these pathogens through biofilm mediation often complicate the situation. In natural settings, biofilms are often formed with different species of bacteria existing synergistically or antagonistically. Biofilms on diabetic foot ulcers are formed predominantly by two opportunistic pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Bacteriophages and phage-based proteins, including endolysins, have been found to be active against biofilms. In this study, we evaluated the activity of two engineered enzybiotics either by themselves or as a combination against a dual biofilm formed by S. aureus and E. faecalis in an inert glass surface. An additive effect in rapidly disrupting the preformed dual biofilm was observed with the cocktail of proteins, in comparison with mono treatment. The cocktail-treated biofilms were dispersed by more than 90% within 3 h of treatment. Apart from biofilm disruption, bacterial cells embedded in the biofilm matrix were also effectively reduced by more than 90% within 3 h of treatment. This is the first instance where a cocktail of engineered enzybiotics has been effectively used to impede the structural integrity of a dual biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Manoharadas
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Central Laboratory RM 63AA, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naushad Ahmad
- Central Laboratory RM 63AA, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Altaf
- Central Laboratory RM 63AA, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basel F Al-Rayes
- Central Laboratory RM 63AA, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Gabrielli M, Dai Z, Delafont V, Timmers PHA, van der Wielen PWJJ, Antonelli M, Pinto AJ. Identifying Eukaryotes and Factors Influencing Their Biogeography in Drinking Water Metagenomes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3645-3660. [PMID: 36827617 PMCID: PMC9996835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The biogeography of eukaryotes in drinking water systems is poorly understood relative to that of prokaryotes or viruses, limiting the understanding of their role and management. A challenge with studying complex eukaryotic communities is that metagenomic analysis workflows are currently not as mature as those that focus on prokaryotes or viruses. In this study, we benchmarked different strategies to recover eukaryotic sequences and genomes from metagenomic data and applied the best-performing workflow to explore the factors affecting the relative abundance and diversity of eukaryotic communities in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs). We developed an ensemble approach exploiting k-mer- and reference-based strategies to improve eukaryotic sequence identification and identified MetaBAT2 as the best-performing binning approach for their clustering. Applying this workflow to the DWDS metagenomes showed that eukaryotic sequences typically constituted small proportions (i.e., <1%) of the overall metagenomic data with higher relative abundances in surface water-fed or chlorinated systems with high residuals. The α and β diversities of eukaryotes were correlated with those of prokaryotic and viral communities, highlighting the common role of environmental/management factors. Finally, a co-occurrence analysis highlighted clusters of eukaryotes whose members' presence and abundance in DWDSs were affected by disinfection strategies, climate conditions, and source water types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gabrielli
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale—Sezione Ambientale, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Zihan Dai
- Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Vincent Delafont
- Laboratoire
Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions (EBI), Equipe Microorganismes,
Hôtes, Environnements, Université
de Poitiers, Poitiers 86073, France
| | - Peer H. A. Timmers
- KWR
Watercycle Research Institute, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
- Department
of Microbiology, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul W. J. J. van der Wielen
- KWR
Watercycle Research Institute, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
- Laboratory
of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6700 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Manuela Antonelli
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale—Sezione Ambientale, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Ameet J. Pinto
- School
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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15
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Waheed H, Mehmood CT, Li Y, Du Y, Xiao Y. Biofouling control potential of quorum quenching anaerobes in lab-scale anaerobic membrane bioreactors: Foulants profile and microbial dynamics. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 315:137760. [PMID: 36610508 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Indigenously isolated anaerobes encoding four quorum quenching (QQ) enzymes were applied in immobilized- and bioaugmented forms for their implications on membrane foulants, microbial taxa, and biofouling control. Two identical anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) with different immobilizing media, i.e. silica-alginate (AnMBR-Si) and hollow fiber-alginate (AnMBR-Hf), were sequentially operated for two conventional and three QQ based phases. The synergistic addition of QQ anaerobes in free cells and the immobilized form prolonged the membrane filtration operation by 172 ± 29% and 284 ± 12% in AnMBR-Si and AnMBR-Hf, respectively. Biocake with low surface coverage was prominent during QQ application compared to conventional phases. Despite the better control of AHLs (3OC6-, C6-, 3OC8, C8, and C10-HSL) and AI-2 at various points of QQ phases, the QQ consortium could not maintain a low concentration of signals for longer period. Therefrom, quenching of targeted signal molecules instigate the dominance of microbial species bearing non-targeted quorum sensing mechanism. The QQ significantly altered the biofilm-forming community in mixed liquor, while the members with robust signal transduction systems became dominant to counteract the QQ mechanism and were the ultimate cause of biofouling. The improved methane content in biogas and increased methanogens composition during QQ phases demonstrated the synergism of exogenous and immobilized QQ as the most viable option for long-term AnMBR operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Waheed
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Ch Tahir Mehmood
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Ying Du
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Yeyuan Xiao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China.
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16
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Influence of powdered activated carbon on gravity-driven ultrafiltration for decentralized drinking water treatment: Insights from microbial community and biofilm structure. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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17
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Huang C, Clark GG, Zaki FR, Won J, Ning R, Boppart SA, Elbanna AE, Nguyen TH. Effects of phosphate and silicate on stiffness and viscoelasticity of mature biofilms developed with simulated drinking water. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:36-46. [PMID: 36847486 PMCID: PMC10065970 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2177538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms, a porous matrix of cells aggregated with extracellular polymeric substances under the influence of chemical constituents in the feed water, can develop a viscoelastic response to mechanical stresses. In this study, the roles of phosphate and silicate, common additives in corrosion control and meat processing, on the stiffness, viscoelasticity, porous structure networks, and chemical properties of biofilm were investigated. Three-year biofilms on PVC coupons were grown from sand-filtered groundwater with or without one of the non-nutrient (silicate) or nutrient additives (phosphate or phosphate blends). Compared with non-nutrient additives, the phosphate and phosphate-blend additives led to a biofilm with the lowest stiffness, most viscoelastic, and more porous structure, including more connecting throats with greater equivalent radii. The phosphate-based additives also led to more organic species in the biofilm matrix than the silicate additive did. This work demonstrated that nutrient additives could promote biomass accumulation but also reduce mechanical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Gemma G. Clark
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Farzana R. Zaki
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jungeun Won
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, 1304 West Springfield Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Runsen Ning
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 506 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, 1304 West Springfield Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, 306 North Wright Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Ahmed E. Elbanna
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Thanh H. Nguyen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
- Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 506 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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18
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Guo X, Wang Y, Jiang S, Wang Y, Wang J, Liang H, Tang X. Influence of operation modes on gravity-driven membrane process in treating the secondary effluent: Flux improvement and biocake layer property. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136692. [PMID: 36202370 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A low flux level of the gravity-driven membrane (GDM) process constrained its extensive application in treating the secondary effluent. In this study, different operation modes were introduced to the GDM process without aeration, backwashing, and chemical cleanings, hoping to develop simple and economic flux regulating strategies, and their influences on the filtration performances and biocake layer characteristics were systematically investigated. The results indicated that the stable fluxs in the intermittent GDM systems elevated by 40%-100% relative to the continuous GDM case, attributing to the synergetic effects of forming more permeable, mushroom-like structures and reducing the concentrations of EPS and SMP within biocake layers. The quantitative analysis of biocake layer properties suggested that the structural parameters of porosity and absolute roughness were closely related to the flux variation compared to the thickness and relative roughness. Besides, the intermittent GDM system generated an apparent detachment of the biocake layer from the membrane surface along with a persistent flux increase than in the continuous GDM case during long-term filtration, achieving its self-sustained operation in a higher flux level without any interferences. The periodical flux recovery and decline occurred daily in each intermittent GDM system since the biocake layer attached to the membrane surface was mainly reversible. Although there were no significant differences in removing dissolved organic pollutants under different operation modes, the manganese removals decreased by 0%-25% in the intermittent GDM filtrations compared to the continuous GDM scenario. The optimized daily operation mode was 16 h on / 8 h off (operation of 16 h, interruption of 8 h), considering the trade-off effects between membrane flux level and water production. These findings provide a new simply-feasible optimized GDM process operation strategy and benefit promoting the application of the GDM system in the reclamation of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xishou Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Yanrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Shu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Yuanxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
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19
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Improved quantitative evaluation of the fouling potential in spacer-filled membrane filtration channels through a biofouling index based on the relative pressure drop. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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20
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Guo X, Jiang S, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Huang T, Liang H, Tang X. Effects of pre-treatments on the filtration performance of ultra-low pressure gravity-driven membrane in treating the secondary effluent: Flux stabilization and removal improvement. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Gierl L, Horn H, Wagner M. Impact of Fe 2+ and Shear Stress on the Development and Mesoscopic Structure of Biofilms-A Bacillus subtilis Case Study. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2234. [PMID: 36422304 PMCID: PMC9699539 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bivalent cations are known to affect the structural and mechanical properties of biofilms. In order to reveal the impact of Fe2+ ions within the cultivation medium on biofilm development, structure and stability, Bacillus subtilis biofilms were cultivated in mini-fluidic flow cells. Two different Fe2+ inflow concentrations (0.25 and 2.5 mg/L, respectively) and wall shear stress levels (0.05 and 0.27 Pa, respectively) were tested. Mesoscopic biofilm structure was determined daily in situ and non-invasively by means of optical coherence tomography. A set of ten structural parameters was used to quantify biofilm structure, its development and change. The study focused on characterizing biofilm structure and development at the mesoscale (mm-range). Therefore, biofilm replicates (n = 10) were cultivated and analyzed. Three hypotheses were defined in order to estimate the effect of Fe2+ inflow concentration and/or wall shear stress on biofilm development and structure, respectively. It was not the intention to investigate and describe the underlying mechanisms of iron incorporation as this would require a different set of tools applied at microscopic levels as well as the use of, i.e., omic approaches. Fe2+ addition influenced biofilm development (e.g., biofilm accumulation) and structure markedly. Experiments revealed the accumulation of FeO(OH) within the biofilm matrix and a positive correlation of Fe2+ inflow concentration and biofilm accumulation. In more detail, independent of the wall shear stress applied during cultivation, biofilms grew approximately four times thicker at 2.5 mg Fe2+/L (44.8 µmol/L; high inflow concentration) compared to the low Fe2+ inflow concentration of 0.25 mg Fe2+/L (4.48 µmol/L). This finding was statistically verified (Scheirer-Ray-Hare test, ANOVA) and hints at a higher stability of Bacillus subtilis biofilms (e.g., elevated cohesive and adhesive strength) when grown at elevated Fe2+ inflow concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Gierl
- Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Harald Horn
- Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- German Technical and Scientific Association for Gas and Water (DVGW) Research Site at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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22
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Chen R, Zhang H, Wang J, Xu D, Tang X, Gong W, Liang H. Insight into the role of biogenic manganese oxides-assisted gravity-driven membrane filtration systems toward emerging contaminants removal. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 224:119111. [PMID: 36122447 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Effective water purification technologies are required to remove emerging contaminants (ECs) and prevent their extensive occurrence in rural areas. In this work, coupling gravity-driven membrane (GDM) filtration with biogenic manganese oxides (BioMnOx) in the biofouling layer was utilized for treating water containing SMX. Comparisons between BioMnOx-GDM (with BioMnOx) and Control-GDM (without BioMnOx) indicated that BioMnOx could significantly promote the removal of DOC, NH4+-N, and fluorescent pollutants due to its strong oxidating capacity and high biological activity. The formation of BioMnOx increased the abundance of SMX-degrading bacteria, enriched the metabolic pathway and mineralization rate of SMX, and effectively promoted the remove of SMX. More importantly, BioMnOx facilitated the removal of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the GDM, because it increased the link between microorganisms and reduced the concentration of SMX, thus reduced the expression of ARGs. LB-EPS played an important role in the membrane fouling. Compared with the Control-GDM, the concentration of LB-EPS in BioMnOx-GDM decreased, which was beneficial to alleviate membrane fouling. Although a thicker biofouling layer (1774.88 μm vs.775.54 μm) was formed in BioMnOx-GDM, the biofilm with higher porosity (64.93% vs. 41.24%) had a more positive effect on the flux. Overall, BioMnOx could improve the pollutant removal and stable flux level of the GDM system. BioMnOx-GDM effectively avoided the risks brought by ECs and ensured water safety in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- National Engineering Research Centre for Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Han Zhang
- National Engineering Research Centre for Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- National Engineering Research Centre for Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Daliang Xu
- National Engineering Research Centre for Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Tang
- National Engineering Research Centre for Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Weijia Gong
- School of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Heng Liang
- National Engineering Research Centre for Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
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23
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Zhang L, Graham N, Li G, Yu W. Divergent accumulation of membrane biofouling by slight elevation of nitrogen and phosphorus in drinking water treatment: Performances and mechanisms. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 222:118898. [PMID: 35908480 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Membrane biofouling has been intensively investigated over many years; however, little attention has been paid to the role of slightly elevated nutrients in the fouling formation, especially during drinking water treatment. In this study, we evaluated the respective contribution of slightly elevated nitrogen (ca. 0.5 mg·L-1) and phosphorus (ca. 0.1 mg·L-1) concentrations to membrane biofouling formation and deciphered the associated mechanisms. The results demonstrated that the slight concentration elevation of nitrogen did not substantially decrease the permeate flux, but approximately 50% of the permeate flux was reduced by the elevated phosphorus. The fouling layer was thickened about 4-fold due to the slight elevation of phosphorus and this resulted in the best removal performance of fluorescent organics. In contrast, the fouling layer structure was not markedly changed by the elevated nitrogen. The concentrations of proteins and polysaccharides in the fouling layers increased to different degrees, with phosphorus playing a more pronounced role than nitrogen. The molecular experiments revealed that the filamentous Arthronema dominated the nitrogen-enriched fouling layer, but they decreased to nearly zero in the phosphorus-enriched fouling layer, and the Xanthobacter, which was capable of secreting large amounts of EPS, was enhanced. The growth of algae Chlorellales was stimulated by the elevated nitrogen, while Sphaeropleales was dominant with elevated phosphorus, and for protozoa, Vannella was increased by nitrogen, whereas members of Hartmannella were enhanced by phosphorus. Our findings indicate that the impact of slight increases in concentration of nutrients, especially phosphorus, should be taken into account in drinking water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nigel Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Hube S, Lee S, Chong TH, Brynjólfsson S, Wu B. Biocarriers facilitated gravity-driven membrane filtration of domestic wastewater in cold climate: Combined effect of temperature and periodic cleaning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155248. [PMID: 35427614 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two lava stone biocarrier facilitated gravity-driven membrane (GDM) reactors were operated at ~8 °C and ~22 °C in parallel for treating primary wastewater effluent. Although the biocarrier reactor at 8 °C displayed less efficient removals of biodegradable organics than that at 22 °C, both GDM systems (without cleaning) showed comparable fouling resistance distribution patterns, accompanying with similar cake filtration constants and pore constriction constants by modelling simulation. Compared to the GDM at 8 °C, more foulants were accumulated on the GDM at 22 °C, but they presented similar soluble organics/inorganics contents and specific cake resistances. This indicated the cake layers at 22 °C may contain greater-sized foulants due to proliferation of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, leading to a relatively less-porous nature. In the presence of periodic cleaning (at 50 °C), the cleaning effectiveness followed a sequence as ultrasonication-enhanced physical cleaning > two-phase flow cleaning > chemical-enhanced physical cleaning > physical cleaning, regardless of GDM operation temperature. However, significantly higher cake resistances were observed in the GDM system at 22 °C than those at 8 °C, because shear force tended to remove loosely-attached foulant layers and may compress the residual dense cake layer. The presence of periodic cleaning led to dissimilar dominant prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities in the cake layers as those without cleaning and in the lava stone biocarriers. Nevertheless, operation temperature did not influence GDM permeate quality, which met EU discharge standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Hube
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iceland, Hjardarhagi 2-6, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Seonki Lee
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Clean Tech One 06-08, S637141, Singapore; Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Tzyy Haur Chong
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Clean Tech One 06-08, S637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, S639798, Singapore
| | - Sigurður Brynjólfsson
- Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Iceland, Hjardarhagi 2-6, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bing Wu
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iceland, Hjardarhagi 2-6, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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25
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Bilad MR, Junaeda SR, Khery Y, Nufida BA, Shamsuddin N, Usman A, Violet V. Compaction of a Polymeric Membrane in Ultra-Low-Pressure Water Filtration. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163254. [PMID: 36015511 PMCID: PMC9416213 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Applications of ultra-low-pressure filtration systems are increasing as they offer enhanced sustainability due to lower energy input, almost no use of chemicals, and minimum operational expenditure. In many cases, they operate as a decentralized system using a gravity-driven membrane (GDM) filtration process. These applications are relatively new; hence, the fundamental knowledge of the process is still limited. In this study, we investigated the phenomenon of polymeric membrane compaction under an ultra-low-pressure system. The compaction phenomenon is well-recognized in the traditional pressure-driven system operating at high transmembrane pressures (ΔPs > 200 kPa), but it is less documented in ultra-low-pressure systems (ΔP < 10 kPa). A simple GDM filtration setup operated under a constant-pressure system was employed to investigate the compaction phenomena in a polymeric hollow fiber membrane for clean water filtration. Firstly, a short-term pressure stepping test was performed to investigate the occurrence of instantaneous compaction in the ΔP range of 1−10 kPa. The slow compaction was later investigated. Finally, the compaction dynamic was assessed under alternating high and low ΔP and relaxation in between the filtrations. The findings demonstrated the prominence of membrane compaction, as shown by the decreasing trend in clean water permeability at higher ΔPs (i.e., 3240 and 2401 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 at ΔPs of 1 and 10 kPa, respectively). We also found that the intrinsic permeability of the applied polymeric membrane was significantly higher than the apparent one (4351 vs. 2401 L m−2 h−1 bar−1), demonstrating >50% loss due to compaction. The compaction was mainly instantaneous, which occurred when the ΔP was changed, whereas only minor changes in permeability occurred over time when operating at a constant ΔP. The compaction was highly reversible and could be restored (i.e., decompaction) through relaxation by temporarily stopping the filtration. A small fraction of irreversible compaction could be detected by operating alternating filtrations under ΔPs of 1 and 10 kPa. The overall findings are essential to support emerging GDM filtration applications, in which membrane compaction has been ignored and confounded with membrane fouling. The role of compaction is more prominent for high-flux GDM filtration systems treating less-fouling-prone feed (i.e., rainwater, river water) and involving membrane cleaning (i.e., relaxation) in which both reversible and irreversible compaction occurred simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Faculty of Applied Science and Education, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika, Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram 83126, Indonesia
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
- Correspondence:
| | - Siti Rahma Junaeda
- Faculty of Applied Science and Education, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika, Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram 83126, Indonesia
| | - Yusran Khery
- Faculty of Applied Science and Education, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika, Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram 83126, Indonesia
| | - Baiq Asma Nufida
- Faculty of Applied Science and Education, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika, Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram 83126, Indonesia
| | - Norazanita Shamsuddin
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Anwar Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei
| | - Violet Violet
- Faculty of Forestry, Lambung Mangkurat University, Jl. A. Yani KM. 36, Banjarbaru 70714, Indonesia
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26
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Ch'ng JH, Muthu M, Chong KKL, Wong JJ, Tan CAZ, Koh ZJS, Lopez D, Matysik A, Nair ZJ, Barkham T, Wang Y, Kline KA. Heme cross-feeding can augment Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis dual species biofilms. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:2015-2026. [PMID: 35589966 PMCID: PMC9296619 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of biofilms to virulence and as a barrier to treatment is well-established for Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, both nosocomial pathogens frequently isolated from biofilm-associated infections. Despite frequent co-isolation, their interactions in biofilms have not been well-characterized. We report that in combination, these two species can give rise to augmented biofilms biomass that is dependent on the activation of E. faecalis aerobic respiration. In E. faecalis, respiration requires both exogenous heme to activate the cydAB-encoded heme-dependent cytochrome bd, and the availability of O2. We determined that the ABC transporter encoded by cydDC contributes to heme import. In dual species biofilms, S. aureus provides the heme to activate E. faecalis respiration. S. aureus mutants deficient in heme biosynthesis were unable to augment biofilms whereas heme alone is sufficient to augment E. faecalis mono-species biofilms. Our results demonstrate that S. aureus-derived heme, likely in the form of released hemoproteins, promotes E. faecalis biofilm formation, and that E. faecalis gelatinase activity facilitates heme extraction from hemoproteins. This interspecies interaction and metabolic cross-feeding may explain the frequent co-occurrence of these microbes in biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hong Ch'ng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Infectious Disease Translational Research Program, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore. .,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Mugil Muthu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kelvin K L Chong
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Nanyang Technological University Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Jie Wong
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Casandra A Z Tan
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zachary J S Koh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Lopez
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Artur Matysik
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zeus J Nair
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Timothy Barkham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yulan Wang
- Singapore Phenome Center, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, Singapore
| | - Kimberly A Kline
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. .,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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Sutariya B, Sargaonkar A, Raval H. Methods of visualizing hydrodynamics and fouling in membrane filtration systems: recent trends. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2022.2089585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaumik Sutariya
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Aabha Sargaonkar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Cleaner Technology and Modelling Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - Hiren Raval
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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28
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Ravel G, Bergmann M, Trubuil A, Deschamps J, Briandet R, Labarthe S. Inferring characteristics of bacterial swimming in biofilm matrix from time-lapse confocal laser scanning microscopy. eLife 2022; 11:76513. [PMID: 35699414 PMCID: PMC9273218 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are spatially organized communities of microorganisms embedded in a self-produced organic matrix, conferring to the population emerging properties such as an increased tolerance to the action of antimicrobials. It was shown that some bacilli were able to swim in the exogenous matrix of pathogenic biofilms and to counterbalance these properties. Swimming bacteria can deliver antimicrobial agents in situ, or potentiate the activity of antimicrobial by creating a transient vascularization network in the matrix. Hence, characterizing swimmer trajectories in the biofilm matrix is of particular interest to understand and optimize this new biocontrol strategy in particular, but also more generally to decipher ecological drivers of population spatial structure in natural biofilms ecosystems. In this study, a new methodology is developed to analyze time-lapse confocal laser scanning images to describe and compare the swimming trajectories of bacilli swimmers populations and their adaptations to the biofilm structure. The method is based on the inference of a kinetic model of swimmer populations including mechanistic interactions with the host biofilm. After validation on synthetic data, the methodology is implemented on images of three different species of motile bacillus species swimming in a Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. The fitted model allows to stratify the swimmer populations by their swimming behavior and provides insights into the mechanisms deployed by the micro-swimmers to adapt their swimming traits to the biofilm matrix. Anyone who has ever cleaned a bathroom probably faced biofilms, the dark, slimy deposits that lurk around taps and pipes. These structures are created by bacteria which abandon their solitary lifestyle to work together as a community, secreting various substances that allow the cells to organise themselves in 3D and to better resist external aggression. Unwanted biofilms can impair industrial operations or endanger health, for example when they form inside medical equipment or water supplies. Removing these structures usually involves massive application of substances which can cause long-term damage to the environment. Recently, researchers have observed that a range of small rod-shaped bacteria – or ‘bacilli’ – can penetrate a harmful biofilm and dig transient tunnels in its 3D structure. These ‘swimmers’ can enhance the penetration of anti-microbial agents, or could even be modified to deliver these molecules right inside the biofilm. However, little is known about how the various types of bacilli, which have very different shapes and propelling systems, can navigate the complex environment that is a biofilm. This knowledge would be essential for scientists to select which swimmers could be the best to harness for industrial and medical applications. To investigate this question, Ravel et al. established a way to track how three species of bacilli swim inside a biofilm compared to in a simple fluid. A mathematical model was created which integrated several swimming behaviors such as speed adaptation and direction changes in response to the structure and density of the biofilm. This modelling was then fitted on microscopy images of the different species navigating the two types of environments. Different motion patterns for the three bacilli emerged, each showing different degrees of adapting to moving inside a biofilm. One species, in particular, was able to run straight in and out of this environment because it could adapt its speed to the biofilm density as well as randomly change direction. The new method developed by Ravel et al. can be redeployed to systematically study swimmer candidates in different types of biofilms. This would allow scientists to examine how various swimming characteristics impact how bacteria-killing chemicals can penetrate the altered biofilms. In addition, as the mathematical model can predict trajectories, it could be used in computational studies to examine which species of bacilli would be best suited in industrial settings.
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29
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Hung TS, Bilad MR, Shamsuddin N, Suhaimi H, Ismail NM, Jaafar J, Ismail AF. Confounding Effect of Wetting, Compaction, and Fouling in an Ultra-Low-Pressure Membrane Filtration: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102073. [PMID: 35631955 PMCID: PMC9145490 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-low-pressure membrane (ULPM) filtration has emerged as a promising decentralized water and wastewater treatment method. It has been proven effective in long-term filtration under stable flux without requiring physical or chemical cleaning, despite operating at considerably lower flux. The use of ultra-low pressure, often simply by hydrostatic force (often called gravity-driven membrane (GDM) filtration), makes it fall into the uncharted territory of common pressure-driven membrane filtration. The applied polymeric membrane is sensitive to compaction, wetting, and fouling. This paper reviews recent studies on membrane compaction, wetting, and fouling. The scope of this review includes studies on those phenomena in the ULPM and how they affect the overall performance of the system. The performance of GDM systems for water and wastewater treatment is also evaluated. Finally, perspectives on the future research direction of ULPM filtration are also detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tok Sheng Hung
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei; (T.S.H.); (M.R.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei; (T.S.H.); (M.R.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Norazanita Shamsuddin
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei; (T.S.H.); (M.R.B.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (N.M.I.)
| | - Hazwani Suhaimi
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei; (T.S.H.); (M.R.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Noor Maizura Ismail
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jln UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (N.M.I.)
| | - Juhana Jaafar
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), N29A, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia; (J.J.); (A.F.I.)
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), N29A, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia; (J.J.); (A.F.I.)
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30
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Pre-depositing versus mixing powdered activated carbons for gravity-driven membrane systems during treated domestic wastewater filtration: Permeability stabilization and removal performance. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Chen M, Nan J, Xu Y, Yao J, Wang H, Zu X. Effect of microplastics on the physical structure of cake layer for pre-coagulated gravity-driven membrane filtration. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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32
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Permeation Increases Biofilm Development in Nanofiltration Membranes Operated with Varying Feed Water Phosphorous Concentrations. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12030335. [PMID: 35323810 PMCID: PMC8950030 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12030335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient limitation has been proposed as a biofouling control strategy for membrane systems. However, the impact of permeation on biofilm development under phosphorus-limited and enriched conditions is poorly understood. This study analyzed biofilm development in membrane fouling simulators (MFSs) with and without permeation supplied with water varying dosed phosphorus concentrations (0 and 25 μg P·L−1). The MFSs operated under permeation conditions were run at a constant flux of 15.6 L·m2·h−1 for 4.7 days. Feed channel pressure drop, transmembrane pressure, and flux were used as performance indicators. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and biomass quantification were used to analyze the developed biofilms. The total phosphorus concentration that accumulated on the membrane and spacer was quantified by using microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Results show that permeation impacts biofilm development depending on nutrient condition with a stronger impact at low P concentration (pressure drop increase: 282%; flux decline: 11%) compared to a higher P condition (pressure drop increase: 206%; flux decline: 2%). The biofilm that developed at 0 μg P·L−1 under permeation conditions resulted in a higher performance decline due to biofilm localization and spread in the MFS. A thicker biofilm developed on the membrane for biofilms grown at 0 μg P·L−1 under permeation conditions, causing a stronger effect on flux decline (11%) compared to non-permeation conditions (5%). The difference in the biofilm thickness on the membrane was attributed to a higher phosphorus concentration in the membrane biofilm under permeation conditions. Permeation has an impact on biofilm development and, therefore, should not be excluded in biofouling studies.
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33
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Stoffel D, Rigo E, Derlon N, Staaks C, Heijnen M, Morgenroth E, Jacquin C. Low maintenance gravity-driven membrane filtration using hollow fibers: Effect of reducing space for biofilm growth and control strategies on permeate flux. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:152307. [PMID: 34914997 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of centralized drinking water treatment systems necessitates lower operational costs and improved biopolymer removal during ultrafiltration (UF), which can be afforded by gravity-driven membrane (GDM) filtration. However, prior to implementing GDM filtration in centralized systems, biofilm growth in compacted membrane configurations, such as inside-out hollow fiber (HF), and its impact on permeate flux need to be investigated. To this end, we operated modules with distinct limits on available space for biofilm growth: (1) outside-in 1.5 mm 7-capillary HF (non-limited), (2) inside-out 1.5 mm 7-capillary HF (limited), and (3) inside-out 0.9 mm 7-capillary HF (very limited). Here, we observed that the lower the space available for biofilm growth, the lower the permeate flux. To improve GDM performance with inside-out HF, we applied daily shear stress to the biofilm surface with forward flush (FF) or combined relaxation and forward flush (R+FF). We showed that applying shear stress to the biofilm surface was insufficient for controlling flux loss due to low available space for biofilm growth. At the experimental endpoint, we backwashed with a stepwise transmembrane pressure (TMP) increase or a single TMP on all inside-out HF modules, which removed the biofilm from its base. Afterwards, higher fluxes were yielded. We also showed that all modules exhibited a gradual increase in biopolymer removal followed by stabilization between 70 and 90%. Additionally, control of biofilm growth with surface shear stress did not affect biopolymer removal. In summary, the implementation of inside-out HF with GDM filtration is challenged by low available space for biofilm growth, but may be remedied with a regular backwash to remove biofilm from its base. We showed that a wider range of GDM applications are available; making GDM potentially compatible with implementation in centralized systems, if space limitation is taken into consideration for operation optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Stoffel
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Elvira Rigo
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Derlon
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Eberhard Morgenroth
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Institute of Environmental Engineering, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Céline Jacquin
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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34
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Narciso DAC, Pereira A, Dias NO, Melo LF, Martins FG. Characterization of biofilm structure and properties via processing of 2D optical coherence tomography images in BISCAP. Bioinformatics 2022; 38:1708-1715. [PMID: 34986264 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Processing of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) biofilm images is currently restricted to a set of custom-made MATLAB scripts. None of the tools currently available for biofilm image processing (including those developed for Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy-CLSM) enable a fully automatic processing of 2D OCT images. RESULTS A novel software tool entitled Biofilm Imaging and Structure Classification Automatic Processor (BISCAP) is presented. It was developed specifically for the automatic processing of 2D OCT biofilm images. The proposed approach makes use of some of the key principles used in CLSM image processing, and introduces a novel thresholding algorithm and substratum detection strategy. Two complementary pixel continuity checks are executed, enabling very detailed pixel characterizations. BISCAP delivers common structural biofilm parameters and a set of processed images for biofilm analysis. A novel biofilm 'compaction parameter' is suggested. The proposed strategy was tested on a set of 300 images with highly satisfactory results obtained. BISCAP is a Python-based standalone application, not requiring any programming knowledge or property licenses, and where all operations are managed via an intuitive Graphical User Interface. The automatic nature of this image processing strategy decreases biasing problems associated to human-perception and allows a reliable comparison of outputs. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION BISCAP and a collection of biofilm images obtained from OCT scans can be found at: https://github.com/diogonarciso/BISCAP. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo A C Narciso
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Pereira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno O Dias
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luis F Melo
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - F G Martins
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Cross flow frequency determines the physical structure and cohesion of membrane biofilms developed during gravity-driven membrane ultrafiltration of river water: Implication for hydraulic resistance. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Desmond P, Huisman KT, Sanawar H, Farhat NM, Traber J, Fridjonsson EO, Johns ML, Flemming HC, Picioreanu C, Vrouwenvelder JS. Controlling the hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms by engineering biofilm physical structure. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 210:118031. [PMID: 34998071 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.118031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The application of membrane technology for water treatment and reuse is hampered by the development of a microbial biofilm. Biofilm growth in micro-and ultrafiltration (MF/UF) membrane modules, on both the membrane surface and feed spacer, can form a secondary membrane and exert resistance to permeation and crossflow, increasing energy demand and decreasing permeate quantity and quality. In recent years, exhaustive efforts were made to understand the chemical, structural and hydraulic characteristics of membrane biofilms. In this review, we critically assess which specific structural features of membrane biofilms exert resistance to forced water passage in MF/UF membranes systems applied to water and wastewater treatment, and how biofilm physical structure can be engineered by process operation to impose less hydraulic resistance ("below-the-pain threshold"). Counter-intuitively, biofilms with greater thickness do not always cause a higher hydraulic resistance than thinner biofilms. Dense biofilms, however, had consistently higher hydraulic resistances compared to less dense biofilms. The mechanism by which density exerts hydraulic resistance is reported in the literature to be dependant on the biofilms' internal packing structure and EPS chemical composition (e.g., porosity, polymer concentration). Current reports of internal porosity in membrane biofilms are not supported by adequate experimental evidence or by a reliable methodology, limiting a unified understanding of biofilm internal structure. Identifying the dependency of hydraulic resistance on biofilm density invites efforts to control the hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms by engineering internal biofilm structure. Regulation of biofilm internal structure is possible by alteration of key determinants such as feed water nutrient composition/concentration, hydraulic shear stress and resistance and can engineer biofilm structural development to decrease density and therein hydraulic resistance. Future efforts should seek to determine the extent to which the concept of "biofilm engineering" can be extended to other biofilm parameters such as mechanical stability and the implication for biofilm control/removal in engineered water systems (e.g., pipelines and/or, cooling towers) susceptible to biofouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Desmond
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Mies-van-der-Rohe-Strasse 1, D52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Kees Theo Huisman
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huma Sanawar
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia M Farhat
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jacqueline Traber
- Department of Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Einar O Fridjonsson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Michael L Johns
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hans-Curt Flemming
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore; Biofilm Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstrasse 26, 45476, Muelheim, Germany
| | - Cristian Picioreanu
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Johannes S Vrouwenvelder
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, Netherlands
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Li K, Xu W, Han M, Cheng Y, Wen G, Huang T. Integration of iron-manganese co-oxide (FMO) with gravity-driven membrane (GDM) for efficient treatment of surface water containing manganese and ammonium. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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38
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Du P, Li X, Yang Y, Zhou Z, Fan X, Chang H, Liang H. Regulated-biofilms enhance the permeate flux and quality of gravity-driven membrane (GDM) by in situ coagulation combined with activated alumina filtration. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 209:117947. [PMID: 34910991 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is a critical challenge for drinking water production when treating algae-contaminated surface water. In this study, the impact of in situ coagulation (C), activated alumina filtration (AA) and their combination (CAA) on the performance of gravity-driven membrane (GDM) was systematically assessed during 105-day operation. The results indicated that pretreatments in particular CAA could effectively enhance GDM flux, and the stable fluxes were increased to 3.1, 4.9 and 8.3 L/(m2·h) (LMH) for CGDM, AA/GDM and CAA/GDM, respectively when compared to the control GDM (2.0 LMH). Coagulation was beneficial to formation of thick but loose biofouling layer, while AA filtration was effective to retain foulants including extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), organics, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The CAA/GDM could mostly remove these foulants, and facilitate the proliferation of bacterial genera that could consume EPS, further alleviating membrane fouling. The difference in loosely bound EPS and tightly bound EPS of biofouling layer attributed to the difference of reversible fouling and irreversible fouling, respectively. Morphological observations, variation in functional groups or elements further confirmed the difference in biological layers in different GDM systems. The occurrence of specific bacterial genera involving the potential to degrade protein, chitin and other high molecular weight organics was responsible for contaminant removals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Du
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; China Academy of Building Research, Institute of Building Fire Research, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Xing Li
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yanling Yang
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Fan
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Haiqing Chang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China.
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Kim B, Nerenberg R. Effects of eukaryotic predation on nitrifying MABR biofilms. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 209:117911. [PMID: 34896809 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This research explored the effects of eukaryotic predation on nitrifying membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) biofilms. Past research on heterotrophic MABR biofilms showed that predation could create internal voids that promoted sloughing. However, the no past research addressed the effects of predation on nitrifying MABRs, even though nitrification is the most common MABR application. Nitrifying biofilms are typically denser, and ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) form large, dense clusters within the biofilm. This could affect their susceptibility to predation. Nitrifying biofilms were grown in flat-sheet MABRs. Images of the biofilm were captured using optical coherence tomography (OCT). For detachment tests, an increased shear flow (Re≅140) was used, and a shear rheometer was used to measure the biofilm mechanical properties. The nitrifying community was analyzed with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Predation increased internal void ratios from 54 ± 5% to 69 ± 6%. Biofilms were weakened by predation, with a storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G'') of 242 ± 135 and 1,649 ± 853 Pa with predation and 3,644 ± 1,857 and 23,334 ± 11,481 Pa for the control with suppressed predation. Predation increased the relative biofilm detachment from 4 ± 5 to 18 ± 12%, decreased the amount of biomass, i.e., the average biofilm thickness, from 502 ± 150 to 266 ± 54 µm, and decreased the nitrification flux from 1.00 to 0.61 g NH4+-N/m2day. Also, predation decreased the abundance of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) relative to AOB, consistent with the observed nitritation. These results show that predation can significantly impact the structural stability, bacterial community and removal rates of nitrifying MABR biofilms. Lumping the effects of predation into the detachment or decay coefficients of biofilm models may not accurately reflect the behavior of nitrifying MABR biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kim
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - R Nerenberg
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States.
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Effects of Filtration Mode on the Performance of Gravity-Driven Membrane (GDM) Filtration: Cross-Flow Filtration and Dead-End Filtration. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gravity-driven membrane (GDM) filtration technology has been extensively in the employed drinking water treatment, however, the effect filtration mode (i.e., dead-end mode vs. cross-flow mode) on its long-term performance has not been systematically investigated. In this study, pilot-scale GDM systems were operated using two submerged filtration mode (SGDM) and cross-flow mode (CGDM) at the gravity-driven pressures 120 mbar and 200 mbar, respectively. The results showed that flux stabilization was observed both in the SGDM and CGDM during long-term filtration, and importantly the stabilized flux level of CGDM was elevated by 3.5–67.5%, which indicated that the filtration mode would not influence the occurrence of flux stability, but significantly improve the stable flux level. Interestingly, the stable flux level was not significantly improved with the increase of driven pressure, and the optimized driven pressure was 120 mbar. In addition, the GDM process conferred effective removals of turbidity, UV254, CODMn, and DOC, with average removals of 99%, 43%, 41%, and 20%, respectively. With the assistance of cross flow to avert the overaccumulation of contaminants on the membrane surface, CGDM process exhibited even higher removal efficiency than SGDM process. Furthermore, it can be found that the CGDM system can effectively remove the fluorescent protein-like substances, and the intensities of tryptophans substance and soluble microbial products were reduced by 64.61% and 55.08%, respectively, higher than that of the SGDM. Therefore, it can be determined that the filtration mode played an important role in the flux stabilization of GDM system during long-term filtration, and the cross-flow filtration mode can simultaneously improve the stabilized flux level and removal performance.
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41
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Zhang L, Graham N, Derlon N, Tang Y, Siddique MS, Xu L, Yu W. Biofouling by ultra-low pressure filtration of surface water: The paramount role of initial available biopolymers. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Chen R, Liang H, Wang J, Lin D, Zhang H, Cheng X, Tang X. Effects of predator movement patterns on the biofouling layer during gravity-driven membrane filtration in treating surface water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:145372. [PMID: 33548719 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biological predation has a significant effect on biofouling layers in gravity-driven membrane (GDM) filtration systems. However, the detailed process of predatory activities is still not well known. This study explored the effects of predator movement patterns on the biofouling layer at different temperatures and the factors affecting the stable flux level. The results indicated that Demospongiae, Spirotrichea and Saccharomycetes were the main species, with the body contracting or rotating in one position at 5 °C, and Litostomatea accounted for 55.1% at 10 °C. The weak agility of these species resulted in a less porous biofouling layer with a high extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) concentration, which was responsible for the low permeate flux and the time to reach flux stability. Bdelloidea was dominant at 20 and 30 °C, and the more heterogeneous biofouling layer with a lower EPS concentration was related to their intense creeping and swimming movements and their ability to create current in the water. The grazing of spongy flocs by predators affected the GDM system performance, and a high stable flux was obtained with large and loose flocs. In addition, the diversity of the eukaryotic community decreased after the flux stabilized due to the particular predominance of Bdelloidea at high temperatures, corresponding to a high stable flux. Pollutant removal was less affected by eukaryotes, and decreased ammonia nitrogen removal rates were related to the lower activity of nitrifying bacteria. Moreover, the reliable linear correlation between the temperature and the stable flux implied that the stable flux could be well predicted in the GDM system. The findings are beneficial for developing new strategies for regulating flocs and the biofouling layer to improve the performance of GDM systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Dachao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiang Cheng
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
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Tang X, Pronk W, Traber J, Liang H, Li G, Morgenroth E. Integrating granular activated carbon (GAC) to gravity-driven membrane (GDM) to improve its flux stabilization: Respective roles of adsorption and biodegradation by GAC. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:144758. [PMID: 33454492 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a low-maintenance and cost-effective process, gravity-driven membrane (GDM) filtration is a promising alternative for decentralized drinking water supply, while the low flux impedes its extensive application. In order to address such issue, an integrated process consisting of granular activated carbon (GAC) layer and GDM was developed. The performance of virgin (fresh GAC) or preloaded GAC (saturated GAC) was compared. Flux stabilization was observed both in the fresh and saturated GAC/GDM process during long-term filtration and their stable fluxes were both improved by approximately 50% relative to the GDM control. Moreover, integrating GAC with GDM contributed to efficient removals for dissolved organic compounds (DOC), assimilable organic carbon (AOC) and low molecular weight substances both in fresh and saturated GAC/GDM filtration. Compared to GDM control, coupling GAC to GDM could significantly reduce the concentrations of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and total cell counts (TCC) within the biofouling layer, and engineer highly heterogeneous structures of biofouling layer on the membrane surface. In the fresh GAC/GDM process, the improved flux obtained was mainly related to less coverage of biofouling layer and lower EPS concentrations due to efficient removals of membrane foulants by GAC adsorption. The achieved higher stable flux can be maintained during long-term filtration (after GAC saturation) owing to the combined effects of EPS reduction and formation of highly heterogeneous structures of biofouling layer in the saturated GAC/GDM system. Overall, the integrated GAC/GDM process can hopefully facilitate improvements both in the stabilized flux and permeate quality, with practical relevance for GDM applications in decentralized drinking water supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China; Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Wouter Pronk
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Livinguard AG, Bahnhofstrasse 12, 6300 Zug, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Traber
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Eberhard Morgenroth
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Institute of Environmental Engineering, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Tang X, Zhu X, Huang K, Wang J, Guo Y, Xie B, Li G, Liang H. Can ultrafiltration singly treat the iron- and manganese-containing groundwater? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124983. [PMID: 33477069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of Fe2+ and Mn2+ would cause severe ultrafiltration (UF) membrane fouling and limited its extensive application in treating the groundwater. A pilot-scale gravity-driven membrane (GDM) process which coupled the dual roles of biocake layer and UF membrane was introduced to treat the groundwater under high Mn2+concentrations and low temperature conditions. The results indicated that flux stabilization was observed during long-term GDM filtration with average stabilized fluxes of 3.6-5.7 L m-2 h-1. GDM process conferred efficient removals of Fe2+ and Mn2+ with both average removals > 95%. Pre-adding manganese oxides (MnOx) could effectively shorten the ripening period of manganese removal from 50 to 30 days, and simultaneously contribute to the Mn2+ removal and flux improvements. The presence of Mn2+ facilitated the formation of heterogeneous structures of biocake layer to primarily determine the flux stabilization of GDM, while the influence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentrations was nearly negligible. Besides, the Mn2+ removal was primarily attributed to the biocake layer other than UF membrane itself, and the chemically auto-catalytic oxidation by MnOx particles played the pivotal role. Therefore, these findings provide relevance for establishing new strategies in treating the iron-and manganese-containing groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Xuewu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Kaijie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Yuanqing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Binghan Xie
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China.
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Tang X, Qiao J, Wang J, Huang K, Guo Y, Xu D, Li G, Liang H. Bio-cake layer based ultrafiltration in treating iron-and manganese-containing groundwater: Fast ripening and shock loading. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:128842. [PMID: 33213882 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater was a desired alternative for decentralized water supply. However, the presence of iron, manganese and ammonia significantly limited its extensive adoptions. In this study, an innovative gravity-driven membrane (GDM) process has been developed to address such problems. The results indicated that GDM process can efficiently diminish the concentrations of iron, manganese and ammonia, with average removal efficiencies of 97%, 95% and 70%, respectively, since the bio-cake layer on the membrane surface can serve as a dynamic barrier for the foulants rejection. In GDM filtration, the manganese removal was mainly attributed to the synergistic effects between the chemically auto-catalytic oxidation by manganese oxides (MnOx) and biological activity by manganese-oxidizing bacteria (MnOB). Pre-addition of MnOx particles into GDM system could significantly enhance the manganese removal and shorten its ripening time by approximately 50%. During long-term filtration, the fluxes of GDM remained stabilized (4-5 L m-2 h-1), and MnOx particles pre-additions could improve the stable fluxes by 23%-37%. The flux stabilization of GDM process was mainly determined by the heterogeneous structures of bio-cake layer, and the generated iron and manganese oxides would improve its heterogeneities. Furthermore, MnOx assisted GDM process conferred robust capacities in resisting the shock loading of manganese and ammonia in the feed water, and the highest concentrations of manganese and ammonia were suggested to be less than 2.96 mg/L and 0.9 mg/L, respectively. Therefore, these findings are full of relevance to develop new strategies to treat the iron- and manganese-containing groundwater and promote the extensive application of UF technology for decentralized water supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Jialiang Qiao
- Foshan Environment Protection Investment CO.,LTD, No.92 Xingye 2nd Road, Chancheng District, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, PR China.
| | - Jinlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Kaijie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Yuanqing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Daliang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
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Lequette K, Ait-Mouheb N, Adam N, Muffat-Jeandet M, Bru-Adan V, Wéry N. Effects of the chlorination and pressure flushing of drippers fed by reclaimed wastewater on biofouling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143598. [PMID: 33213927 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Milli-channel baffle labyrinths are widely used in drip irrigation systems. They induce a pressure drop enabling drip irrigation. However, with a section thickness that is measured in mm2, they are sensitive to clogging, which reduces the performance and service life of a drip irrigation system. The impact of chlorination (1.5 ppm of free chlorine during 1 h application) and pressure flushing (0.18 MPa) on the biofouling of non-pressure-compensating drippers, fed by real reclaimed wastewater, was studied at lab scale using optical coherence tomography. The effect of these treatments on microbial composition (bacteria and eukaryotes) was also investigated by High-throughput DNA sequencing. Biofouling was mainly observed in the inlet, outlet and return areas of the milli-labyrinth channel from drippers. Chlorination reduced biofilm development, particularly in the mainstream of the milli-labyrinth channel, and it was more efficient when combined with pressure flushing. Moreover, chlorination was more efficient in maintaining water distribution uniformity (CU < 95% compared to less than 85% for unchlorinated lines). It reduced more efficiently the bacterial concentration (≈1 log) and the diversity of the bacterial community in the dripper biofilms compared to the pressure flushing method. Chlorination significantly modified the microbial communities, promoting chlorine-resistant bacteria such as Comamonadaceae or Azospira. Inversely, several bacterial groups were identified as sensitive to chlorination such as Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes. Nevertheless, one month after stopping the treatments bacterial diversity recovered and the chlorine-sensitive bacteria such as Chloroflexi phylum and the Saprospiraceae, Spirochaetaceae, Christensenellaceae and Hydrogenophilaceae families re-emerged in conjunction with the growth of biofouling, highlighting the resilience of the bacteria originating from drippers. Based on PCoA analyses, the structure of the bacterial communities still clustered separately from non-chlorinated drippers, showing that the effect of chlorination was still detectable one month after stopping the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Lequette
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, LBE, 102, Avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France; INRAE, University of Montpellier, UMR G-EAU, Avenue Jean-François Breton, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Nassim Ait-Mouheb
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, UMR G-EAU, Avenue Jean-François Breton, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Adam
- University of Toulouse, Centre de recherche Cerveau et Cognition, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Marine Muffat-Jeandet
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, UMR G-EAU, Avenue Jean-François Breton, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Bru-Adan
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, LBE, 102, Avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Nathalie Wéry
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, LBE, 102, Avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France.
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47
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Respective role of iron and manganese in direct ultrafiltration: from membrane fouling to flux improvements. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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48
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Song D, Liu C, Sun Z, Liu Q, Wang P, Sun S, Cheng W, Qiu L, Ma J, Qi J. Tailoring the distribution of microbial communities and gene expressions to achieve integrating nitrogen transformation in a gravity-driven submerged membrane bioreactor. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 187:116382. [PMID: 32947113 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A pilot-scale upgraded gravity-driven submerged membrane (GDSM) reactor was constructed to enhance nitrogen removal. It was artificially formed multiple stratified environments (dissolved oxygen (DO) and substrate supply (TOC, TN, COD, NH4+-N, NO2--N, and NO3--N)) by embedding moving water baffles to control water-flow process in bulk liquid with slow-flowing liquid state. Significant diversity and relative abundance of microorganisms associated with nitrogen transformation paths (i.e., ammonia-oxidizing archaea, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, nitrite oxidizing bacteria, and denitrifying bacteria) were tailored to distribute on different spatial and temporal regions, and performed their dominant functions. The process simultaneously integrated diverse and effective nitrogen transformation paths (i.e., nitrification, partial nitrification, denitrification, anammox, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction) to achieve high nitrogen removal, with NH4+-N, TN, and COD eliminated by 94.68 ± 2.55%, 55.16 ± 5.53%, and 80.17 ± 6.75%, respectively. Gene expressions involved in the nitrogen transformations were estimated by qPCR to explore the shifts of dominant nitrogen transforming bioreactions in multiple stratified environments. Pearson correlation coefficients supported that the functional genes had more stable and active ability by complementing each other. As a result, an endogenous integration of diverse nitrogen transformation paths was achieved in a single system by artificially tailoring the distributions of microbial communities and gene expressions with enhanced nitrogen removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - Caihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - Qianliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Technology of College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - Shaofang Sun
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Liping Qiu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China.
| | - Jingyao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China.
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49
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Huang C, Sun PP, Won J, Wang Y, Boppart SA, Nguyen TH. Effect of Nonphosphorus Corrosion Inhibitors on Biofilm Pore Structure and Mechanical Properties. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:14716-14724. [PMID: 33124800 PMCID: PMC7949192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the effects of biofilm structural and mechanical properties, which can influence biofilm cohesiveness and detachment under physical stress, is critical for biofilm and biofilm-associated pathogen control. In this study, we used optical coherence tomography (OCT) and nanoindentation to determine the role of silicate and tin (two experimental nonphosphate corrosion inhibitors) on the porous structure and stiffness of three types of multispecies biofilms. These biofilms were grown from groundwater (a drinking water source), and this groundwater was amended with either tin or silicate corrosion inhibitor (0.5 mg/L as Sn and 20 mg/L as SiO2). Based on the elastic moduli of these biofilms, tin biofilms and groundwater biofilms were the stiffest, followed by silicate biofilms. The thickness normalized by the growth time for silicate biofilms was highest at 38 ± 7.1 μm/month, compared to 21 ± 3.2 and 11 ± 2.4 μm/month for tin biofilms and groundwater biofilms, respectively. The silicate biofilms had the greatest overall porosities and were thickest among the three biofilms. Based on the pore network modeling (PNM) of OCT images, larger pores and connections were found in the silicate biofilms compared to those in tin and groundwater biofilms. Our analysis showed that the thicker and more porous biofilms (silicate biofilms) were potentially less resistant to deformation than the thinner and denser biofilms (tin and groundwater biofilms).
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Peter P Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jungeun Won
- Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Bioengineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Stephen A Boppart
- Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Bioengineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Thanh H Nguyen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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50
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Relationships among Permeability, Membrane Roughness, and Eukaryote Inhabitation during Submerged Gravity-Driven Membrane (GDM) Filtration. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10228111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gravity-driven membrane (GDM) filtration is one of the promising technologies for decentralized water treatment systems due to its low cost, simple operation, and convenient maintenance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the permeability of submerged GDM filtration with three different membranes, i.e., polyethersulfone and polyvinylidene difluoride ultrafiltration (PES-UF and PVDF-UF) and polytetrafluoroethylene microfiltration membrane (PTFE-MF). The GDM system was operated using lake water for about one year. The determined average permeability values were high for PVDF-UF (192.9 L/m2/h/bar (LMH/bar)) and PTFE-MF (80.6 LMH/bar) and relatively lower for PES-UF (46.1 LMH/bar). The observed higher permeability for PVDF-UF and PTFE-MF was thought to be related to the rougher surface of these two membranes compared to PES-UF. The fouling layers of PVDF-UF and PTFE-MF were characterized by high biomass and the presence of a number of nematodes, while PES-UF showed a thin fouling layer with no nematode. The relatively high and fluctuated permeability of PVDF-UF and PTFE-MF could thus be attributed to the high biological activity of nematodes making the fouling layer more loose and porous. This was supported by a good linear relationship among the permeability, biomass concentration, and the number of nematodes in the fouling layers. These results provide important insights into membrane selection as a critical factor affecting the flux performance of the GDM filtration system for a decentralized drinking water supply.
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