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Zheng C, Zhang J, Ni M, Pan Y. Phosphate recovery from urban sewage by the biofilm sequencing batch reactor process: Key factors in biofilm formation and related mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118985. [PMID: 38663668 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The biofilm sequencing batch reactor (BSBR) technique has been deployed in the laboratory to enrich phosphorus from simulated wastewater, but it is still not clear what its performance will be when real world sewage is used. In this work, the effluent from the multi-stage anoxic-oxic (AO) activated sludge process at a sewage plant was used as the feed water for a BSBR pilot system, which had three reactors operating at different levels of dissolved oxygen (DO). The phosphorus adsorption and release, the biofilm growth, and the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) components and contents were examined. The microbial communities and the signaling molecules N-acyl-l-homoserine lactones (AHLs) were also analyzed. Gratifyingly, the BSBR process successfully processed the treated sewage, and the biofilm developed phosphorus accumulation capability within 40 days. After entering stable operation, the system concentrated phosphate from 2.59 ± 0.77 mg/L in the influent to as much as 81.64 mg/L in the recovery liquid. Sludge discharge had profound impacts on all aspects of BSBR, and it was carried out successfully when the phosphorus absorption capacity of the biofilm alone was comparable to that of the reactor containing the activated sludge. Shortly after the sludge discharge, the phosphate concentration of the recovery liquid surged from 50 to 140 mg/L, the biofilm thickness grew from 20.56 to 67.32 μm, and the diversity of the microbial population plunged. Sludge discharge stimulated Candidatus competibacter to produce a large amount of AHLs, which was key in culturing the biofilm. Among the AHLs, both C10-HSL and 3OC12-HSL were significantly positively correlated with EPS and the abundance of Candidatus competibacter. The current results demonstrated BSBR as a viable option to enrich phosphorus from real world sewage with low phosphorus content and fluctuating chemistry. The mechanistic explorations also provided theoretical guidance for cultivating phosphorus-accumulating biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Suzhou Drainage Company Limited, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Min Ni
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Yang Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
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2
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Yang L, Chen K, Chen L, Zhai S, Li Z, Zhu H. Separation of nutrients from SCFAs with a dynamic membrane in a sludge anaerobic fermenter. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141824. [PMID: 38548082 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
The complexity and high cost to separate and recover short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), ammonium ions, and phosphates in the sludge fermentation liquid hinder the application of sludge anaerobic fermentation. In this study, an interesting phenomenon was found in a sludge anaerobic fermenter with a dynamic membrane (DM) which could not only enhance SCFAs production but also retain most SCFAs in fermenter. The separation factor of DM for NH3-N/SCFAs and PO43-/SCFAs throughout the DM development were about 40 and 80, respectively. Analysis reveals that rejection of SCFAs by DM could not be simply correlated to molecular weight or membrane pore size. The rejection mechanisms might be dominated by Donnan rejection. In addition, biodegradation in the DM may also have contribution. Findings of this study suggest the potential of DM as an economical technology for nutrients and SCFAs recover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Yang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Long Chen
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shixin Zhai
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongtao Zhu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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3
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Wang H, Yang J, Zhang H, Zhao J, Liu H, Wang J, Li G, Liang H. Membrane-based technology in water and resources recovery from the perspective of water social circulation: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168277. [PMID: 37939956 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
In this review, the application of membrane-based technology in water social circulation was summarized. Water social circulation encompassed the entire process from the acquirement to discharge of water from natural environment for human living and development. The focus of this review was primarily on the membrane-based technology in recovery of water and other valuable resources such as mineral ions, nitrogen and phosphorus. The main text was divided into four main sections according to water flow in the social circulation: drinking water treatment, agricultural utilization, industrial waste recycling, and urban wastewater reuse. In drinking water treatment, the acquirement of water resources was of the most importance. Pressure-driven membranes, such as ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) were considered suitable in natural surface water treatment. Additionally, electrodialysis (ED) and membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) were also effective in brackish water desalination. Agriculture required abundant water with relative low quality for irrigation. Therefore, the recovery of water from other stages of the social circulation has become a reasonable solution. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) was a typical technique attributed to low-toxicity effluent. In industrial waste reuse, the osmosis membranes (FO and PRO) were utilized due to the complex physical and chemical properties of industrial wastewater. Especially, membrane distillation (MD) might be promising when the wastewater was preheated. Resources recovery in urban wastewater was mainly divided into recovery of bioenergy (via anaerobic membrane bioreactors, AnMBR), nitrogen (utilizing MD and gas-permeable membrane), and phosphorus (through MBR with chemical precipitation). Furthermore, hybrid/integrated systems with membranes as the core component enhanced their performance and long-term working ability in utilization. Generally, concentrate management and energy consumption control might be the key areas for future advancements of membrane-based technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Jiaxuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Hongzhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Jinlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
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Zhang H, Zhang SS, Zhang W, Ma WC, Pan Y, Chen L, Zhu L, Li YP, Li JR. Clarification of the phosphorus release mechanism for recovering phosphorus from biofilm sludge in alternating aerobic/anaerobic biofilm system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166811. [PMID: 37673249 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel wastewater treatment plant process was constructed to overcome the challenge of simultaneous nitrate removal and phosphorus (P) recovery. The results revealed that the P and nitrate removal efficiency rose from 39.0 % and 48.4 % to 92.8 % and 93.6 % after 136 days of operation, and the total P content in the biofilm (TPbiofilm) rose from 15.8 mg/g SS to 57.8 mg/g SS. Moreover, the increase of TPbiofilm changed the metabolic mode of denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms (DPAOs), increasing the P concentration of the enriched stream to 172.5 mg/L. Furthermore, the acid/alkaline fermentation led to the rupture of the cell membrane, which released poly-phosphate and ortho-phosphate of cell/EPS in DPAOs and released metal‑phosphorus (CaP and MgP). In addition, high-throughput sequencing analysis demonstrated that the relative abundance of DPAOs involved in P storage increased, wherein the abundance of Acinetobacter and Saprospiraceae rose from 8.0 % and 4.1 % to 16.1 % and 14.0 %. What's more, the highest P recovery efficiency (98.3 ± 1.1 %) could be obtained at optimal conditions for struvite precipitation (pH = 7.56 and P: N: Mg = 1.87:3.66:1) through the response surface method (RSM) simulation, and the precipitates test analysis indicated that P recovery from biofilm sludge was potentially operable. This research was of great essentiality for exploring the recovery of P from biofilm sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Wu-Cheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yang Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Jing-Ru Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Communication, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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5
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Ni M, Pan Y, Li D, Huang Y, Chen Z, Li L, Bi Z, Wu R, Song Z. Metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and proteomics reveal the metabolic mechanism of biofilm sequencing batch reactor with higher phosphate enrichment capacity under low phosphorus load. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117237. [PMID: 37793587 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The biofilm sequencing batch reactor (BSBR) process has higher phosphate recovery efficiency and enrichment multiple when the phosphorus load is lower, but the mechanism of phosphate enrichment at low phosphorus load remains unclear. In this study, we operated two BSBR operating under low and high phosphorus load (0.012 and 0.032 kg/(m3·d)) respectively, and used metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and proteomics methods to analyze the community structure of the phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) in the biofilm, the transcription and protein expression of key functional genes and enzymes, and the metabolism of intracellular polymers. Compared with at high phosphorus load, the BSBR at low phosphorus load have different PAOs and fewer types of PAOs, but in both cases the PAOs must have the PHA, PPX, Pst, and acs genes to become dominant. Some key differences in the metabolism of PAOs from the BSBR with different phosphorus load can be identified as follows. When the phosphorus load is low, the adenosine triphosphoric acid (ATP) and NAD(P)H in the anaerobic stage come from the TCA cycle and the second half of the EMP pathway. The key genes that are upregulated include GAPDH, PGK, ENO, ppdk in the EMP pathway, actP in acetate metabolism, phnB in polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) synthesis, and aceA, mdh, sdhA, and IDH1 in the TCA cycle. In the meantime, the ccr gene in the PHV pathway is inhibited. As a result, the metabolism of the PAOs features low glycogen with high PHB, Pupt, Prel, and low PHV. That is, more ATP and NAD(P)H flow to phosphorus enrichment metabolism, thus allowing the highly efficient enrichment of phosphorus from low concentration phosphate thanks to the higher abundance of PAOs. The current results provide theoretical support and a new technical option for the enrichment and recovery of low concentrations of phosphate from wastewater by the BSBR process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ni
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Yang Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Dapeng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150006, China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Zhen Bi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Ruijing Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
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6
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Zhang H, Zhang SS, Zhang W, Zhu L, Li YP, Pan Y. Biomineralization and AHLs-guided quorum sensing enhanced phosphorus recovery in the alternating aerobic/anaerobic biofilm system under metal ion stress. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116583. [PMID: 36308955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The alternating aerobic/anaerobic biofilm system had been applied for phosphorus (P) enrichment and recovery because of the advantage of low energy consumption and high efficiency. The metal ions and N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones (AHLs) in system were studied to better clarify the mechanism of P uptake/release under metal ion stress. The results indicated that the increase of metal ions stimulated the release of AHLs, and AHLs-guided quorum sensing (QS) enhanced P uptake. Moreover, biomineralization could stimulate the increase of P content in biofilm (Pbiofilm). Meanwhile, some ortho-p was converted to short-chain poly-p in extracellular polymer substance (EPS), and others were transferred into cell through EPS to synthesize poly-p. With the Pbiofilm increased, more P could be absorbed/released due to the shift in the metabolic model of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). The release of AHLs between microorganisms was also inhibited when PAOs reached the state of P saturation (75.6 ± 2.5 mg/g SS), which meant that the effect of signaling function would tend to stabilize, and the 169.2 ± 2.6 mg/L P concentration in the enriched solution was obtained due to the P release was inhibited. Moreover, P was rapidly transferred to the new enriched solution after the P was recovered, and PAOs restored its capability of P uptake/release. In addition, 31P-NMR analysis demonstrated that EPS played a major role in PAOs compared to cell, and inorganic phosphorus (IP) played an essential role in the uptake/release of P compared to organic phosphorus (OP). Furthermore, the microbiological analysis showed that Candidatus Accumulibacter was positively correlated with AHLs (P < 0.05). This study provided essential support for clarifying the P metabolism mechanism of PAOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | | | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Yang Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Scienceand Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
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7
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Zhang Y, Peng Y, Gao X, Li X. A novel process for anammox pretreatment of municipal wastewater: semi-partial nitrification, biological phosphorus removal and recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127585. [PMID: 35798168 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Achieving simultaneous semi-partial nitrification and deep phosphorus removal is a preferred process technology for Anammox pretreatment. In this study, semi-partial nitrification combined with in-situ phosphorus recovery (PNPR) was used to treat municipal wastewater. The SRT conflict between the nitrification and phosphorus removal was resolved by in-situ phosphorus recovery every 20 cycles of Anaerobic/Oxid, and a supernatant with more than 10 times the influent phosphorus concentration was obtained, thus achieving bio-enhanced phosphorus removal and recovery with satisfactory semi-partial-nitrification effluent. Interestingly, the results showed that phosphorus removal and recovery process could improve the activity of AOB. The PNPR system's nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) and phosphorus removal rate (PRR) were more than 90% each, whereas the relative abundance of AOB and PAOs increased from 0.04% to 0.74% and from 0.25% to 0.70%, respectively (P < 0.01). Furthermore, on average, the NO2--Neff/NH4+-Neff value was 1.96, which laid the foundation for the subsequent anammox treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Xinjie Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
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8
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Zahed MA, Salehi S, Tabari Y, Farraji H, Ataei-Kachooei S, Zinatizadeh AA, Kamali N, Mahjouri M. Phosphorus removal and recovery: state of the science and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:58561-58589. [PMID: 35780273 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is one of the main nutrients required for all life. Phosphorus as phosphate form plays an important role in different cellular processes. Entrance of phosphorus in the environment leads to serious ecological problems including water quality problems and soil pollution. Furthermore, it may cause eutrophication as well as harmful algae blooms (HABs) in aquatic environments. Several physical, chemical, and biological methods have been presented for phosphorus removal and recovery. In this review, there is an overview of phosphorus role in nature provided, available removal processes are discussed, and each of them is explained in detail. Chemical precipitation, ion exchange, membrane separation, and adsorption can be listed as the most used methods. Identifying advantages of these technologies will allow the performance of phosphorus removal systems to be updated, optimized, evaluate the treatment cost and benefits, and support select directions for further action. Two main applications of biochar and nanoscale materials are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samira Salehi
- Department of Health, Safety and Environment, Petropars Company, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yasaman Tabari
- Faculty of Sciences and Advanced Technologies, Science and Culture University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Farraji
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Ali Akbar Zinatizadeh
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, Environmental Research Center (ERC), Razi University, Kermanshah, 67144-14971, Iran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Nima Kamali
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahjouri
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Tehran, Kish International Campus, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Sharma A, Mehta SK, Matharu AS. Highly Efficient Mesoporous Carbonaceous CeO 2 Catalyst for Dephosphorylation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:22551-22558. [PMID: 35811895 PMCID: PMC9260935 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is fast becoming a critical element, as the global supply and demand are reaching unsustainable levels. Herein, the synthesis, characterization, and applicability of a novel biomass-derived mesoporous carbonaceous material decorated with CeO2 (CeO2-S400) as an efficient catalyst for the dephosphorylation of 4-nitrophenyl phosphate disodium salt hexahydrate are reported. The presence and distribution of CeO2 are evidenced by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (118.7 mg/g), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping. The apparent rate constant for the efficient catalysis of 4-nitrophenyl phosphate disodium salt hexahydrate was 0.097 ± 0.01 for CeO2-ES and 0.15 ± 0.03 min-1 for CeO2-S400, which followed first-order kinetics. Rate constants normalized by the catalytic loading (k m) were 80.84 and 15.00 g-1 min-1 for CeO2-ES and CeO2-S400, respectively, and the normalized rate constants with respect to surface area were 3.38 and 0.04 m-2 min-1 for CeO2-ES and CeO2-S400, respectively. This indicates that the presence of CeO2 nanoparticles has a catalytic effect on the dephosphorylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashima Sharma
- Green
Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, England
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Surinder K. Mehta
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Avtar S. Matharu
- Green
Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, England
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10
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Ni M, Chen Y, Pan Y, Huang Y, Li DP, Li L, Huang B, Song Z. Study on community structure and metabolic mechanism of dominant polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs) in suspended biofilm based on phosphate recovery. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152678. [PMID: 34973331 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm sequencing batch reactor (BSBR) can achieve efficient phosphate (P) removal and enrichment, but its process performance and metabolic mechanisms for P removal and enrichment of municipal wastewater remain largely unclear. In the present study, we assessed the P removal and enrichment of municipal wastewater at influent P concentrations of 2.5 mg/L and 10 mg/L. The efficiency of P removal and enzyme activity in polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs) were compared, and the growth and metabolic characteristics of dominant PAOs and GAOs at different influent P concentrations were studied with the macro-sequencing technology. The results showed that the P recovery efficiencies were 70.03% and 76.19% when the influent P concentration was 2.5 mg/L and 10 mg/L in BSBR, respectively, and the maximum P concentration of recovery liquid was 81.29 mg/L and 173.12 mg/L, respectively. There were no phosphate kinase (PPK) and phosphate hydrolase (PPX) in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The dominant PAOs were Candidatus_Contendobacter, Dechloromonas, and Flavobacterium, and the dominant GAO was Candidatus_Competibacter. The abundance of Candidatus_Contendobacter was the highest with the most potential contribution to P removal. PAOs had competitive advantages in carbon (C) source uptake, glycogen metabolism, P metabolism, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) metabolism. HMP was unique to PAOs, EMP had the highest abundance in glycogen metabolism, and ED was contained in PAOs of BSBR. These results indicated that BSBR provided sufficient reducing power and ATP for PAOs through different glycogen decomposition pathways to promote P uptake and obtained competitive advantages in P metabolism, C source uptake, and ATP utilization to achieve efficient P removal and enrichment. Collectively, our current findings provided valuable insights into the P removal and enrichment mechanism of BSBR in municipal sewage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ni
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Da-Peng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
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11
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Zhang C, Guisasola A, Baeza JA. A review on the integration of mainstream P-recovery strategies with enhanced biological phosphorus removal. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 212:118102. [PMID: 35091221 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P), an essential nutrient for all organisms, urgently needs to be recovered due to the increasing demand and scarcity of this natural resource. Recovering P from wastewater is a feasible and promising way widely studied nowadays due to the need to remove P in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). When enhanced biological P removal (EBPR) is implemented, an innovative option is to recover P from the supernatant streams obtained in the mainstream water line, and then combine it with liquor-crystallisation recovery processes, being the final recovered product struvite, vivianite or hydroxyapatite. The basic idea of these mainstream P-recovery strategies is to take advantage of the ability of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) to increase P concentration under anaerobic conditions when some carbon source is available. This work shows the mainstream P-recovery technologies reported so far, both in continuous and sequenced batch reactors (SBR) based configurations. The amount of extraction, as a key parameter to balance the recovery efficiency and the maintenance of the EBPR of the system, should be the first design criterion. The maximum value of P-recovery efficiency for long-term operation with an adequate extraction ratio would be around 60%. Other relevant factors (e.g. COD/P ratio of the influent, need for an additional carbon source) and operational parameters (e.g. aeration, SRT, HRT) are also reported and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhang
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona) 08193, Spain
| | - Albert Guisasola
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona) 08193, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Baeza
- GENOCOV. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental. Escola d'Enginyeria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona) 08193, Spain
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12
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Zhang H, Zhang SS, Zhu L, Li YP, Chen L. Phosphorus recovery in the alternating aerobic/anaerobic biofilm system: Performance and mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:152297. [PMID: 34896486 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To balance the high phosphorus concentration in recirculated solution and the stability of biofilm system, this study explored the performance and mechanism of phosphorus uptake/release for recovering phosphorus from sewage when the phosphorus content in biofilm (Pbiofilm) changed. The results showed that the maximum phosphorus concentration in the concentrated solution reached 171.2 ± 2.5 mg·L-1 in harvest 1st-5th stages. Polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) performed a metabolic shift from glycogen accumulation metabolism (GAM) to polyphosphate accumulation metabolism (PAM) when Pbiofilm increased at each phosphorus enrichment stage, and more phosphorus was absorbed/released by PAOs. Nevertheless, the release of poly-phosphate from PAOs was inhibited after phosphorus concentration stabilized, and PAOs were unable to absorb phosphorus from wastewater as it reached the phosphorus saturation stage. To maintain the stability of the system, phosphorus had to be harvested so that the saturated phosphorus in PAOs was easily released in a new recirculated solution, resulting in adequate storage space for PAOs to absorb phosphorus. Meanwhile, the 31P NMR analysis demonstrated that phosphorus was stored in EPS and cell of PAOs, whereas EPS played a significant role than cell at the anaerobic phase. Particularly, ortho-phosphate was the major component of phosphorus release by EPS and poly-phosphate was the major part of phosphorus release by cell. Furthermore, the change of Pbiofilm had no impact on biofilm characteristics and microbial communities, whereas some PAOs would be enriched, and others that were not suitable for this process would be inhibited with repeated cycles of alternating aerobic/anaerobic operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | | | - Liang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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13
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Yang W, Shan J, Pan Y, Bi Z, Huang Y, Zhang H, Ni M. A new strategy for obtaining highly concentrated phosphorus recovery solution in biofilm phosphorus recovery process. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 112:366-375. [PMID: 34955219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recovery of phosphorus (P) from wastewater is of great significance for alleviating the shortage of P resources. At present, the P recovery process is faced with the problem of excessive organic carbon consumption when obtaining a P-concentrated recovery solution. This study proposed a new strategy to obtain a more highly concentrated P recovery solution with minimal carbon consumption by strengthening the P storage capacity of the biofilm. A biofilm sequencing batch reactor (BSBR) process was modified to treat synthetic wastewater. The effect of the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration on the P storage capacity of the biofilm was investigated at DO concentrations of DO 3.5 mg/L (PL) and DO 6.5 mg/L (PH). The results showed a maximum P storage of 101.2 and 149.6 mg-P/g-mixed liquid suspended solids under the two conditions. Strengthening the P storage capacity of the biofilm resulted in a net increase in the P recovery rate, which was as high as 66.96% in a harvesting cycle, and total soluble P>220 mg/L in the P recovery solution was successfully achieved. Meanwhile, the carbon cost of P recovery in the BSBR was reduced to 41.57 g-chemical oxygen demand/g-P, and the carbon utilization efficiency was enhanced. To highlight the new strategy, the P recovery performance of the BSBR was given and the relationship between P content and anaerobic P release was discussed. In addition, the changes in the microbial communities under PL and PH conditions were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjing Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jie Shan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yang Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Zhen Bi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Min Ni
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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14
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Sun Y, Zhang Q, Li X, Chen Y, Peng Y. Nutrients removal by interactions between functional microorganisms in a continuous-flow two-sludge system (AAO-BCO): Effect of influent COD/N ratio. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148581. [PMID: 34328985 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Denitrifying phosphorus removal (DPR) technology is one of the most effective approach to simultaneously realize nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal from low COD/N ratio wastewater. Identifying the interaction of denitrifying phosphate-accumulating organisms (DPAOs), denitrifying glycogen organisms (DGAOs) and denitrifying ordinary heterotrophic organisms (DOHOs) is critical for optimizing denitrification and anoxic P uptake efficiency in DPR processes. In this study, a novel DPR system of anaerobic anoxic oxic - biological contact oxidation (AAO-BCO) was employed to dispose actual sewage with various influent COD/N ratios (3.5-6.7). High efficiency of TIN (76.5%) and PO43--P (94.4%) removal was observed when COD/N ratio was between 4.4 and 5.9. At the COD/N ratio of 5.7 ± 0.2, prominent DPR performance was verified by the superior DPR efficiency (88.7%) and anoxic phosphorus uptake capacity (PUADPAOs/ΔTIN = 1.84 mg/mg), which was further proved by the preponderance of DPAOs in C, N and P removal pathways. GAOs have a competitive advantage over PAOs for COD utilization at low COD/N ratio of 3.7 ± 0.2, which further limited the N removal efficiency. High proportion of N removal via DOHOs (21.2%) at the COD/N ratio of 6.5 ± 0.2 restrained the DPR performance, which should be attributed to the outcompete of DOHOs for NO3-. The nutrient removal mechanisms were explicated by stoichiometric calculation methodology to quantify the contribution of diverse functional microorganisms, contributing to improving the robustness of AAO-BCO system when facing the fluctuation of influent carbon source concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
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15
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Zhou Y, Kiely PD, Kibbee R, Ormeci B. Effect of polymeric support material on biofilm development, bacterial population, and wastewater treatment performance in anaerobic fixed-film systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128477. [PMID: 33032216 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the performance of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), polyvinylchloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polymethyl methacrylate (acrylic) when used as a support media in anaerobic attached-growth wastewater treatment systems. A combination of physical and chemical (total solids, protein, phosphorus, ammonia, chemical oxygen demand) methods, environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and Live/Dead viability assay) and genetic sequencing over a period of 81 days was used to provide an in-depth understanding of the impact of different polymer materials on biofilm formation, bacteria population, and wastewater treatment performance. The results showed that hydrophobic polymeric materials (i.e., PP and PVDF) promoted initial cell adhesion and biofilm formation (<16 days) better than the hydrophilic (i.e., ABS and HDPE) polymeric materials. However, under longer-term and steady-state operation (after 81 days), the hydrophilic materials demonstrated larger mature biofilm quantities and better wastewater treatment performance. The sequencing data showed biofilm bacterial community structures of the ABS and HDPE to be significantly different compared to the other polymeric materials tested. The data showed a positive correlation as well between the phyla present on the ABS and HDPE and COD removal. These results suggest that the type of polymeric material play an important role in biofilm development, bacterial population diversity, and wastewater treatment performance for anaerobic fixed-film systems, and ABS and HDPE performed better than the widely used PVC in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuren Zhou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa ON, K1S5B6, Canada.
| | - Patrick D Kiely
- Island Water Technologies, B-577, 23 Brook Street, Montague, PEI, C0A1R0, Canada.
| | - Richard Kibbee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa ON, K1S5B6, Canada.
| | - Banu Ormeci
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa ON, K1S5B6, Canada.
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16
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A Framework for Sustainable Planning and Decision-Making on Resource Recovery from Wastewater: Showcase for São Paulo Megacity. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12123466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, it is important to develop strategic frameworks to support the selection of sustainable resource recovery solutions. This study applies a new framework for planning, implementation, and assessment of resource recovery strategies for a full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in São Paulo megacity. The framework comprises several steps based on case study-specific data and information from current literature. Data were collected from various sources: a survey with a wastewater treatment utility, national and regional databases, and review of local regulations and international literature. Treatment configuration, wastewater and by-products composition, potential demand (for water, energy, and phosphorus), stakeholder identification, and local legislation were thoroughly discussed regarding decision-making on resource recovery. Scenario analysis was used to explore suitable nutrient and energy recovery measures based on indicators. Biogas recovery and sewage sludge composting showed more favorable conditions due to similar experiences in the area and robust legislation. The proposed framework is a simplified tool, and its application can support managers to get information on resource recovery and how to plan such initiatives in easier ways to facilitate wiser decision-making, and better operation and management. The results on framework use and refinement can guide potential applications in other contexts and stimulate public policy formulation and further research.
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17
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Sun Y, Peng Y, Zhang J, Li X, Zhang Q, Zhang L. Effect of endogenous metabolisms on survival and activities of denitrifying phosphorus removal sludge under various starvation conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 315:123839. [PMID: 32731158 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Denitrifying phosphorus removal sludge are usually faced with various famine environments in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Endogenous metabolisms under aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic starved conditions were characterized to investigate their impact on survival and activities of denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms (DPAOs). DPAOs utilized intracellular polymers to survive and presented diverse consumed priorities of PHA types under various starvations. The biomass decay rate was approximately 2.7 and 1.7 times lower for aerobic condition than for anoxic and anaerobic conditions owing to the maximum maintenance energy requirement for aerobic condition (68.6 mmol/C-molVSS ATP). During short-term starvations, significant activity decay for anaerobic starved sludge was attributed to its distinctive endogenous metabolisms. For long-term starvations, the higher amounts and preponderant type of PHA (PHB) reserve favored to the greater DPAO activities for anoxic starved sludge. The results show that anoxic condition may be an implementable strategy for maintaining denitrifying phosphorus removal performance in WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
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19
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Huang W, Gong B, He L, Wang Y, Zhou J. Intensified nutrients removal in a modified sequencing batch reactor at low temperature: Metagenomic approach reveals the microbial community structure and mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125513. [PMID: 32050330 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To achieve efficient biological nutrients removal at low temperature, a modified sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was developed at 10 °C by extending sludge retention time (SRT), shortening aerobic stage and compensating anoxic stage. The average removal rates of ammonium (NH4+-N), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were 98.82%, 94.12% and 96.04%, respectively. Variation of carbon source in a typical cycle demonstrated the maximum synthesis of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) (60 mg/L) occurred after feast period. Furthermore, the TP in sludge reached 50.4 mg/g mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) (78.4% was inorganic phosphorus and 21.6% was organic phosphorus) after 120 days of operation, indicating an excellent P-accumulating capacity was achieved in this system. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) activity inhibition test verified both AOB and ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) were involved in ammonia-oxidizing process and the latter accounted for 17%-19%. Metagenomic-based taxonomy revealed the dominant genera were Candidatus Accumulibacter (12.18%), Dechloromonas (7.54%), Haliangium (6.69%) and Candidatus Contendobacter (3.40%). As described from the denitrifying genes perspective, with the exception of nitrite reduction (performed by denitrifiers), denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating organisms (DPAOs) played a leading role in denitrification pathway, showing that poly-β-hydroxyalkanoates (PHA)-driven nutrients removal was the dominate process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Benzhou Gong
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Lei He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Yingmu Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China.
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20
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Strategies for Sustainable and Circular Management of Phosphorus in the Baltic Sea Region: The Holistic Approach of the InPhos Project. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12062567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the significant reduction of phosphorus (P) discharge in the Baltic Sea in the last decades, obtained through the implementation of some approaches within the Helsinki Convention, eutrophication is still considered the biggest problem for the Baltic Sea environment. Consequently, the reduction of P load is an urgent need to solve, but the complexity of both the environmental and legislative context of the area makes this process difficult (more than in the past). Eutrophication is an intricate issue requiring a proper framework of governance that is not easy to determine in the Baltic Sea Region where the needs of several different countries converge. To identify the most suitable strategy to reduce the eutrophication in the Baltic Sea, the InPhos project (no. 17022, 2018–2019, funded by the European Institute of Innovation & Technology (EIT) Raw Materials) adopted a holistic approach considering technical, political, economic, environmental and social aspects of P management. With the aims to raise awareness about the P challenge, foster the dialogue among all the stakeholders, and find solutions already developed in other countries (such as Germany and Switzerland) to be transferred in the Baltic Sea Region, the InPhos project consortium applied the methodology proposed in this paper, consisting of three main phases: (i) analysis of the available technologies to remove P from waste streams that contribute to eutrophication; (ii) analysis of the main streams involving P in Baltic Sea countries to highlight the potential of more sustainable and circular P management; (iii) study of the current context (e.g., already-existing initiatives and issues). This approach allowed us to identify four categories of recommendations and practical actions proposed to improve P management in the Baltic Sea region. During the project, the consortium mainly addressed social aspects. Following steps beyond the project will be more quantitative to determine the techno-economic feasibility of circular P management in selected demo cases in the region.
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Chrispim MC, Scholz M, Nolasco MA. Phosphorus recovery from municipal wastewater treatment: Critical review of challenges and opportunities for developing countries. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 248:109268. [PMID: 31325790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to provide guidance in selecting phosphorus recovery options within the municipal wastewater treatment sector regarding developing countries. This critical review includes a brief contextualization of the resource-oriented sanitation paradigm, the discussion of processes for phosphorus recovery based on methods at full-scale, pilot-scale and laboratory-scale, and a concise discussion of the environmental impacts and benefits associated with phosphorus recovery strategies. Finally, the main challenges related to the implementation of resource recovery strategies, especially for phosphorous, were identified and discussed. According to the results, some of the main drivers for phosphorus recovery are the limited availability of phosphorus, increasing cost of phosphate fertilizers and reduction of maintenance costs. Currently, most of the operational processes are based on crystallization or precipitation from the digester supernatant. Struvite is the most common recovered product. The recovery rate of phosphorus from the liquid phase is lower (10-60% from wastewater treatment plant influent), than from sludge (35-70%) and from sludge ashes (70-98%). Phosphorus recovery remains challenging, and some barriers identified were the integration between stakeholders and institutions, public policies and regulations as well as public acceptance and economic feasibility. In developing countries, the implementation of nutrient recovery systems is challenging, because the main concern is on the expansion of sanitation coverage. Resource recovery approaches can provide benefits beyond the wastewater treatment sector, not only improving the sustainability of wastewater treatment operations, but generating revenue for the utility provider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cardoso Chrispim
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden; Sustainability Graduate Program, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Miklas Scholz
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden; Department of Civil Engineering Science, School of Civil Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, PO Box 524, Aukland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa; Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Peel Park Campus, Salford, M5 4WT, UK.
| | - Marcelo Antunes Nolasco
- Sustainability Graduate Program, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Qiao W, Bai H, Tang T, Miao J, Yang Q. Recovery and utilization of phosphorus in wastewater by magnetic Fe3O4/Zn-Al-Fe-La layered double hydroxides(LDHs). Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Xiao K, Yu Z, Wang H, Yang J, Liang S, Hu J, Hou H, Liu B. Investigation on emission control of NO x precursors and phosphorus reclamation during pyrolysis of ferric sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 670:932-940. [PMID: 30921725 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a method to reduce the emission of NOx precursors (e.g., hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and ammonia (NH3)) while simultaneously reclaim more plant-available P was proposed through pyrolyzing ferric sludge (sludge conditioned by Fenton's reagents) rather than raw sludge. The nitrogen and phosphorus transformation at different pyrolysis temperatures was investigated. The results indicated that in comparison with the pyrolysis of raw sludge, the remaining iron compounds in ferric sludge can fix char-N in more stable forms (e.g., appearance of pyrrole-N at 900 °C). The secondary cracking of amine-N compounds in tar-N (e.g., 81.67% increase of amine-N at 900 °C) can be inhibited. Hence, more amine-N was remained and less heterocyclic-N and nitrile-N compounds were generated in tarN. Less generation of NH3-N and HCN-N was also observed in NOx precursors (e.g., 5.46% decrease of NH3-N and 6.91% decrease of HCN-N at 900 °C). Moreover, the results of X-ray diffractometry, liquid 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic, and chemical analyses collectively indicated that iron present in ferric sludge also favored reclamation of more plant-available P. In comparison with the pyrolysis of raw sludge, an increase in the total phosphorus pool was noted (18.06-36.26 versus 15.54-30.59 mg g-1 dry solids). A decrease in mobility with the predominant P as sodium hydroxide (NaOH)-P, and an increase in plant-available P can be also obtained. This study indicated that pyrolysis of ferric sludge was a feasible way to simultaneously reduce emission of NOx precursors, reclaim plant-available P, and reuse ferric sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zecong Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jiakuan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Sha Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jingping Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Huijie Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Bingchuan Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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Salehi S, Cheng KY, Heitz A, Ginige MP. Simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus recovery (SNDPr) - An opportunity to facilitate full-scale recovery of phosphorus from municipal wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 238:41-48. [PMID: 30844544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sewage treatment plants are a potential point source for recycling of phosphorus (P). Several technologies have been proposed to biologically recover P from wastewater. The majority of these technologies are side-stream processes and rely on an external source of soluble organic carbon to facilitate P recovery. To date, no studies have demonstrated the potential to facilitate main-stream recovery of P, using carbon that is naturally present in wastewater. Simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal (SNDPR) is an elegant process that can uptake influent carbon and effectively remove both nitrogen (N) and P from wastewater. SNDPR studies to date, however, have failed to facilitate an end-of-anaerobic-phase P rich liquor, that enables economies of scale to recover influent P. Therefore, this study examined the feasibility of achieving a P rich liquor (e.g. > 70 mg-P/L) in a granular SNDPR process. A synthetic influent that replicated the nutrient and carbon concentrations of municipal wastewater was used to investigate whether carbon in the influent wastewater could enable both nutrient removal and P recovery from wastewater. Our granular SNDPR process was able to facilitate an end-of-anaerobic-phase liquor with P enriched to approximately 100 mg-P/L. A dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of 0.5 mg/L in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was found to be essential to achieve complete nutrient removal and a high P concentration at the end of the anaerobic phase. At this steady state of reactor operation, the abundance of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) was 2.6 times the abundance of glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs). The study also demonstrated the importance of denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms (DPAOs) and glycogen accumulating organisms (DGAOs) to achieve complete removal of N from the effluent. Compared to nitrifying bacteria, the polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) had a higher affinity towards DO. This study, for the first time, showed that the mainstream recovery of P is feasible using a SNDPR process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salehi
- CSIRO Land and Water, Floreat, Western Australia, 6014, Australia; Department of Civil Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Ka Yu Cheng
- CSIRO Land and Water, Floreat, Western Australia, 6014, Australia; School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - Anna Heitz
- Department of Civil Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
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Lin Z, Wang Y, Huang W, Wang J, Chen L, Zhou J, He Q. Single-stage denitrifying phosphorus removal biofilter utilizing intracellular carbon source for advanced nutrient removal and phosphorus recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 277:27-36. [PMID: 30658333 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Advanced nutrient removal of municipal wastewater has insufficient carbon source, and resource recovery is neglected. In this study, a single-stage biofilter based on denitrifying phosphorus removal (DPR) was proposed for advanced nutrient removal and phosphorus recovery, which was operated under alternating anoxic/anaerobic mode with no extracellular carbon source in anoxic period. The results showed that the biofilter achieved efficient and stable performance with low carbon consumption (C/N ≈ 3.7). The average removal efficiency of NO3--N, TN and PO43--P were 74.81%, 71.08% and 91.15%, respectively. DPR primarily occurred in the middle of the filtration bed and nutrient removal was driven by intracellular polymers, which was the main carbon source. High-throughput sequencing indicated that Dechloromonas was enriched and contributed to DPR while Zoogloea was responsible for endogenous denitrification. Denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms and endogenous denitrifiers synergistically enhanced the nutrient removal capacity. The study further provides research perspectives for improving nutrient removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Yingmu Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Jiale Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China.
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
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26
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Zhu Z, Chen W, Tao T, Li Y. A novel AAO-SBSPR process based on phosphorus mass balance for nutrient removal and phosphorus recovery from municipal wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 144:763-773. [PMID: 30173084 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel AAO-SBSPR (Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic/Sequencing Batch Sidestream Phosphorus Recovery) process was developed for phosphorus (P) recovery and nutrient removal from municipal wastewater. Meanwhile, an operational strategy based on the P mass balance for the process was proposed, where P recovery rate was coupled with sludge retention time (SRT) so as to reduce the impact of P recovery on P content in activated sludge and maintain a stable operation of the process. The results show that the proposed operational strategy is helpful for the stable operation of the AAO-SBSPR process and up to 65% of the influent P was recovered with the phosphate removal efficiency of 99.1%. Both P recovery and extended SRT had limited influence on the P release and uptake rates of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). The results of high-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that the relative abundance of Accumulibacter increased while SRT was extended under high P recovery rate. Moreover, significant promotion of simultaneous nitrogen removal and P uptake was observed, where the ratio of anoxic P uptake to the total P uptake of the whole process increased from 41.7% in the AAO process to 77.5% in the AAO-SBSPR process, combined with the increase of total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency from 71.9% to 80.4%. The P recovery process is also beneficial for the reduction of sludge production and nitrification process as SRT was extended for high P recovery rate. Overall, the AAO-SBSPR process together with the operational strategy proposed in this study provides a promising and practical alternative for P recovery from municipal wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wenling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tao Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yongmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Tuszynska A, Kaszubowska M, Kowal P, Ciesielski S, Makinia J. The metabolic activity of denitrifying microorganisms accumulating polyphosphate in response to addition of fusel oil. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 42:143-155. [PMID: 30291416 PMCID: PMC6329743 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-2022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of distillery waste product (fusel oil) as an alternative external organic carbon source (EOCS) was investigated in terms of the metabolic properties of denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms (DPAOs). Samples of the non-acclimated biomass were collected from a local full-scale wastewater treatment plant employing A2/O type bioreactors. The acclimated biomass was obtained after cultivation (with fusel oil added) in a bench-scale reactor with a process configuration similar to the full-scale bioreactor. Changes in the functional properties of the biomass were investigated by measuring the phosphate release/uptake rates (PRRs and PURs), and nitrate utilization rates (NURs) with fusel oil in anaerobic-anoxic batch tests. Furthermore, a validated extended Activated Sludge Model no 2d (ASM2d) was used as a supporting tool to analyze the experimental results and estimate the contribution of DPAOs to the overall denitrification. In the non-acclimated biomass with fusel oil, the PRRs, PURs and NURs were low and close to the rates obtained in a reference test without adding EOCS. With the acclimated biomass, the PUR and NUR increased significantly, i.e., 3.5 and 2.7 times, respectively. In the non-acclimated biomass, approximately 60.0 ± 3.6% and 20.0 ± 2.2% of the total NUR was attributed to the utilization of endogenous carbon and examined EOCS, respectively. The remaining portion (20% of the total NUR) was attributed to PHA utilization (linked to PO4-P uptake) by DPAOs. With the acclimated biomass, the contribution of the EOCS to the NUR increased to approximately 60%, while the contribution of the endogenous carbon source decreased accordingly. Very accurate predictions of PURs and NURs (R2 = 0.97–1.00) were obtained with the extended ASM2d. Based on model simulations, it was estimated that the activity of DPAOs and denitrifying ordinary heterotrophic organisms corresponded to approximately 20% and 80% of the total NUR, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Tuszynska
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza Street 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Kaszubowska
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza Street 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Kowal
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza Street 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Slawomir Ciesielski
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45G, 10-917, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jacek Makinia
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza Street 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
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Wong PY, Cheng KY, Krishna KCB, Kaksonen AH, Sutton DC, Ginige MP. Improvement of carbon usage for phosphorus recovery in EBPR-r and the shift in microbial community. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 218:569-578. [PMID: 29709825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal and recovery (EBPR-r) is a biofilm process that makes use of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) to remove and recover phosphorus (P) from wastewater. The original process was inefficient, as indicated by the low P-release to carbon (C)-uptake (Prel/Cupt) molar ratio of the biofilm. This study successfully validated a strategy to improve the Prel/Cupt ratio by at least 3-fold. With an unchanged supply of carbon in the recovery stream, an increase in the hydraulic loading in stages I, II and III (7.2, 14.4 and 21.6 L, respectively) resulted in a 43% increase in the Prel/Cupt ratio (0.069, 0.076 and 0.103, respectively). The ratio further increased by 150% (from 0.103 to 0.255) when the duration of the P uptake period was increased from 4 h (stage III) to 10 h (stage IV). Canonical correspondence analysis showed that, correlated to the 3-fold increase in the Prel/Cupt ratio, there was an increase in the abundance of PAOs ("Candidatus Accumulibacter" Clade IIA) and a decrease in the occurrence of glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) (family Sinobacteraceae). However, the four stage operation impaired denitrification, resulting in a 5-fold reduction in the Nden/Pupt ratio. The decline in denitrification was consistent with a decrease in the abundance of denitrifiers including denitrifying PAOs (family Comamonadaceae and "Candidatus Accumulibacter" Clade IA). Overall, a strategy to facilitate more efficient use of carbon was validated, enabling a 3-fold carbon saving for P recovery. The new process enabled up to 80% of the wastewater P to be captured in a P-enriched stream (>90 mg/L) with a single uptake/release cycle of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yu Wong
- Land and Water - CSIRO, 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia; School of Biomedial Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ka Yu Cheng
- Land and Water - CSIRO, 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia; School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, WA 6150, Australia
| | - K C Bal Krishna
- School of Computing Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Kingswood, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Anna H Kaksonen
- Land and Water - CSIRO, 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia; School of Biomedial Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - David C Sutton
- School of Biomedial Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Maneesha P Ginige
- Land and Water - CSIRO, 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia.
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29
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Statistically-Based Comparison of the Removal Efficiencies and Resilience Capacities between Conventional and Natural Wastewater Treatment Systems: A Peak Load Scenario. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10030328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Xu F, Khalaf A, Sheets J, Ge X, Keener H, Li Y. Phosphorus Removal and Recovery From Anaerobic Digestion Residues. ADVANCES IN BIOENERGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aibe.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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31
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Melia PM, Cundy AB, Sohi SP, Hooda PS, Busquets R. Trends in the recovery of phosphorus in bioavailable forms from wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 186:381-395. [PMID: 28802130 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Addressing food security issues arising from phosphorus (P) scarcity is described as one of the greatest global challenges of the 21st Century. Dependence on inorganic phosphate fertilisers derived from limited geological sources of P creates an urgent need to recover P from wastes and treated waters, in safe forms that are also effective agriculturally - the established process of P removal by chemical precipitation using Fe or Al salts, is effective for P removal but leads to residues with limited bioavailability and contamination concerns. One of the greatest opportunities for P recovery is at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) where the crystallisation of struvite and Ca-P from enhanced biological P removal (EBPR) sludge is well developed and already shown to be economically and operationally feasible in some WWTPs. However, recovery through this approach can be limited to <25% efficiency unless chemical extraction is applied. Thermochemical treatment of sludge ash produces detoxified residues that are currently utilised by the fertiliser industry; wet chemical extraction can be economically feasible in recovering P and other by-products. The bioavailability of recovered P depends on soil pH as well as the P-rich material in question. Struvite is a superior recovered P product in terms of plant availability, while use of Ca-P and thermochemically treated sewage sludge ash is limited to acidic soils. These technologies, in addition to others less developed, will be commercially pushed forward by revised fertiliser legislation and foreseeable legislative limits for WWTPs to achieve discharges of <1 mg P/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Melia
- Kingston University, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston Upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK.
| | - Andrew B Cundy
- University of Southampton, School of Ocean and Earth Science, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Saran P Sohi
- UK Biochar Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, School of GeoSciences, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Peter S Hooda
- Kingston University, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston Upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Rosa Busquets
- Kingston University, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston Upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK
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32
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Tian Q, Zhuang L, Ong SK, Wang Q, Wang K, Xie X, Zhu Y, Li F. Phosphorus (P) recovery coupled with increasing influent ammonium facilitated intracellular carbon source storage and simultaneous aerobic phosphorus & nitrogen removal. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 119:267-275. [PMID: 28477542 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Under decreasing C/N (from 8.8 to 3.5) conditions, an alternating anaerobic/aerobic biofilter (AABF) was used to remove nitrogen and accumulate/recover phosphorus (P) from synthetic wastewater. The AABF was periodically (every 10 days) fed with an additional carbon source (10 L, chemical oxygen demand (COD) = 900 mg L-1 sodium acetate (NaAC) solution) in the anaerobic phase to induce the release of P sequestered in the biofilm. An increase in PHA storage in the biofilm was observed and characterized with TEM and a GC-MS method. The accumulation of P and removal of total nitrogen occurred primarily in the aerobic phase. As the NH4+-N loading rate increased from 0.095 to 0.238 kg m-3 d-1 at a total empty bed retention time (EBRT) of 4.6 h, the TN removal in AABF was reduced from 91.2% to 43.4%, while the P removal or recovery rate remained unaffected. The high-throughput community sequencing analysis indicated that the relative abundance of Candidatus Competibacter, Nitrospira and Arcobacter increased while the Accumulibacter phosphatis decreased with an increase of ammonium loading rate within a short operational period (30 days). A putative N and P removal pattern via simultaneous nitrification and PHA-based denitrification, as well as P accumulation in the biofilm was proposed. The research demonstrated that an efficient N removal and P recovery process, i.e., simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, P accumulation and carbon source-regulated P recovery can be achieved by the symbiotic functional groups in a single biofilm reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, PR China.
| | - Linjie Zhuang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, PR China
| | - Say Kee Ong
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, PR China
| | - Kangwei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, PR China
| | - Xuehui Xie
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, PR China
| | - Yanbin Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, PR China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, PR China
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33
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Ye Y, Ngo HH, Guo W, Liu Y, Zhang X, Guo J, Ni BJ, Chang SW, Nguyen DD. Insight into biological phosphate recovery from sewage. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 218:874-881. [PMID: 27434305 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The world's increasing population means that more food production is required. A more sustainable supply of fertilizers mainly consisting of phosphate is needed. Due to the rising consumption of scarce resources and limited natural supply of phosphate, the recovery of phosphate and their re-use has potentially high market value. Sewage has high potential to recover a large amount of phosphate in a circular economy approach. This paper focuses on utilization of biological process integrated with various subsequent processes to concentrate and recycle phosphate which are derived from liquid and sludge phases. The phosphate accumulation and recovery are discussed in terms of mechanism and governing parameters, recovery efficiency, application at plant-scale and economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyao Ye
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia; Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jianbo Guo
- Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
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Zhang M, Yang Q, Zhang J, Wang C, Wang S, Peng Y. Enhancement of denitrifying phosphorus removal and microbial community of long-term operation in an anaerobic anoxic oxic–biological contact oxidation system. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 122:456-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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35
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Tian J, Yu C, Liu J, Ye C, Zhou X, Chen L. Performance of an Ultraviolet Mutagenetic Polyphosphate-Accumulating Bacterium PZ2 and Its Application for Wastewater Treatment in a Newly Designed Constructed Wetland. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 181:735-747. [PMID: 27659999 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Total phosphorus (TP) removal performance and application for wastewater treatment of polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria (PAB) in constructed wetlands (CWs) were investigated. In this study, a novel isolated ultraviolet (UV) mutant PZ2 with phosphate-accumulating ability was screened from domestic wastewater and identified as Pseudomonas putida by 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing analysis. The TP removal performance of PZ2 in the synthetic wastewater reached the highest of 93.95 % within 45 h. Two vertical subsurface flow CWs planted with two aquatic macrophytes Canna indica and Acorus calamus were newly designed. After inoculating PZ2 into two CWs within 45 h, the average chemical oxygen demand (COD), TP, and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) removal efficiencies reached 68.50, 60.22, and 66.81 %, respectively. Vegetation type and filter size significantly influenced the TP removal capability of PZ2 in CWs. Meanwhile, considerable qualitative differences were found in the pollutant removal efficiencies of PZ2 with and without CWs in synthetic wastewater. These results could also indicate potential applications of the UV mutagenesis in PAB isolation and the newly designed CWs in wastewater treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Tian
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenlei Yu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiafeng Liu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoran Ye
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjun Zhou
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanzhou Chen
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Tian Q, Ong SK, Xie X, Li F, Zhu Y, Wang FR, Yang B. Enhanced phosphorus recovery and biofilm microbial community changes in an alternating anaerobic/aerobic biofilter. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:1797-1806. [PMID: 26524149 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The operation of an alternating anaerobic/aerobic biofilter (AABF), treating synthetic wastewater, was modified to enhance recovery of phosphorus (P). The AABF was periodically fed with an additional carbon source during the anaerobic phase to force the release of biofilm-sequestered P which was then harvested and recovered. A maximum of 48% of the total influent P was found to be released in the solution for recovery. Upon implementation of periodic P bio-sequestering and P harvesting, the predominant bacterial communities changed from β-Proteobacteria to γ-Proteobacteria groups. The genus Pseudomonas of γ-Proteobacteria was found to enrich greatly with 98% dominance. Dense intracellular poly-P granules were found within the cells of the biofilm, confirming the presence of P accumulating organisms (PAOs). Periodic addition of a carbon source to the AABF coupled with intracellular P reduction during the anaerobic phase most probably exerted environmental stress in the selection of Pseudomonas PAOs over PAOs of other phylogenic types. Results of the study provided operational information on the selection of certain microbial communities for P removal and recovery. This information can be used to further advance P recovery in biofilm systems such as the AABFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, DongHua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, PR China
| | - Say Kee Ong
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Iowa 50011, USA.
| | - Xuehui Xie
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, DongHua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, PR China.
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, DongHua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, PR China.
| | - Yanbin Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, DongHua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, PR China
| | - Feng Rui Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, DongHua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, PR China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, DongHua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, PR China
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Simultaneous effective carbon and nitrogen removals and phosphorus recovery in an intermittently aerated membrane bioreactor integrated system. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16281. [PMID: 26541793 PMCID: PMC4635345 DOI: 10.1038/srep16281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Recovering nutrients, especially phosphate resource, from wastewater have attracted increasing interest recently. Herein, an intermittently aerated membrane bioreactor (MBR) with a mesh filter was developed for simultaneous chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorous removal, followed by phosphorus recovery from the phosphorus-rich sludge. This integrated system showed enhanced performances in nitrification and denitrification and phosphorous removal without excess sludge discharged. The removal of COD, TN and total phosphorus (TP) in a modified MBR were averaged at 94.4 ± 2.5%, 94.2 ± 5.7% and 53.3 ± 29.7%, respectively. The removed TP was stored in biomass, and 68.7% of the stored phosphorous in the sludge could be recovered as concentrated phosphate solution with a concentration of phosphate above 350 mg/L. The sludge after phosphorus release could be returned back to the MBR for phosphorus uptake, and 83.8% of its capacity could be recovered.
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Valverde-Pérez B, Ramin E, Smets BF, Plósz BG. EBP2R - an innovative enhanced biological nutrient recovery activated sludge system to produce growth medium for green microalgae cultivation. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 68:821-830. [PMID: 25480432 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Current research considers wastewater as a source of energy, nutrients and water and not just a source of pollution. So far, mainly energy intensive physical and chemical unit processes have been developed to recover some of these resources, and less energy and resource demanding alternatives are needed. Here, we present a modified enhanced biological phosphorus removal and recovery system (referred to as EBP2R) that can produce optimal culture media for downstream micro-algal growth in terms of N and P content. Phosphorus is recovered as a P-stream by diversion of some of the effluent from the upstream anaerobic reactor. By operating the process at comparably low solids retention times (SRT), the nitrogen content of wastewater is retained as free and saline ammonia, the preferred form of nitrogen for most micro-algae. Scenario simulations were carried out to assess the capacity of the EBP2R system to produce nutrient rich organic-carbon depleted algal cultivation media of target composition. Via SRT control, the quality of the constructed cultivation media can be optimized to support a wide range of green micro-algal growth requirements. Up to 75% of the influent phosphorus can be recovered, by diverting 30% of the influent flow as a P-stream at an SRT of 5 days. Through global sensitivity analysis we find that the effluent N-to-P ratio and the P recovered are mainly dependent on the influent quality rather than on biokinetics or stoichiometry. Further research is needed to demonstrate that the system performance predicted through the model-based design can be achieved in reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Valverde-Pérez
- Department of Environmental Engineering (DTU Environment), Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, Building 115, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Elham Ramin
- Department of Environmental Engineering (DTU Environment), Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, Building 115, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Barth F Smets
- Department of Environmental Engineering (DTU Environment), Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, Building 115, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Benedek Gy Plósz
- Department of Environmental Engineering (DTU Environment), Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, Building 115, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Wong PY, Ginige MP, Kaksonen AH, Cord-Ruwisch R, Sutton DC, Cheng KY. Simultaneous phosphorus uptake and denitrification by EBPR-r biofilm under aerobic conditions: effect of dissolved oxygen. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 72:1147-1154. [PMID: 26398030 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A biofilm process, termed enhanced biological phosphorus removal and recovery (EBPR-r), was recently developed as a post-denitrification approach to facilitate phosphorus (P) recovery from wastewater. Although simultaneous P uptake and denitrification was achieved despite substantial intrusion of dissolved oxygen (DO >6 mg/L), to what extent DO affects the process was unclear. Hence, in this study a series of batch experiments was conducted to assess the activity of the biofilm under various DO concentrations. The biofilm was first allowed to store acetate (as internal storage) under anaerobic conditions, and was then subjected to various conditions for P uptake (DO: 0-8 mg/L; nitrate: 10 mg-N/L; phosphate: 8 mg-P/L). The results suggest that even at a saturating DO concentration (8 mg/L), the biofilm could take up P and denitrify efficiently (0.70 mmol e(-)/g total solids*h). However, such aerobic denitrification activity was reduced when the biofilm structure was physically disturbed, suggesting that this phenomenon was a consequence of the presence of oxygen gradient across the biofilm. We conclude that when a biofilm system is used, EBPR-r can be effectively operated as a post-denitrification process, even when oxygen intrusion occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yu Wong
- CSIRO, Land and Water Flagship, Floreat, Western Australia 6014, Australia E-mail: ; School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Maneesha P Ginige
- CSIRO, Land and Water Flagship, Floreat, Western Australia 6014, Australia E-mail:
| | - Anna H Kaksonen
- CSIRO, Land and Water Flagship, Floreat, Western Australia 6014, Australia E-mail: ; School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Ralf Cord-Ruwisch
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - David C Sutton
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Ka Yu Cheng
- CSIRO, Land and Water Flagship, Floreat, Western Australia 6014, Australia E-mail: ; School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
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