1
|
Yilmaz T, Demir EK, Aşık G, Başaran ST, Cokgor E, Sözen S, Sahinkaya E. Performance of a high-rate membrane bioreactor for energy-efficient treatment of textile wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120845. [PMID: 38599093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
High-rate membrane bioreactors (MBR), where the wastewater undergoes partial oxidation due to the applied short sludge retention time (SRT) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) values, retain the majority of the organic substances in the sludge through growth and biological flocculation. Thus, a raw material source with a high biomethane production potential is created for the widespread use of circular economy or energy-neutral plants in wastewater treatment. While high-rate MBRs have been successfully employed for energy-efficient treatment of domestic wastewater, there is a lack of research specifically focused on textile wastewater. This study aimed to investigate the textile wastewater treatment and organic matter recovery performances of an aerobic MBR system containing a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane with a 0.04 μm pore diameter. The system was initially operated at short SRTs (5 and 3 d) and different SRT/HRT ratios (5, 10, and 20) and subsequently at high-rate conditions (SRT of 0.5-2 d and HRT of 1.2-9.6 h) which are believed to be the most limiting conditions tested for treatment of real textile wastewater. The results showed that chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal averaged 77% even at SRT of 0.5 d and HRT of 1.2 h. Slowly biodegradable substrates and soluble microbial products (SMP) accumulated within the MBR at SRT of 0.5 and 1 d, which resulted in decreased sludge filterability. The observed sludge yield (Yobs) exhibited a considerable increase when SRT was reduced from 5 to 1 d. On the other hand, the SRT/HRT ratio displayed a decisive effect on the energy requirement for aeration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tülay Yilmaz
- Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey; Science and Advanced Technologies Application and Research Center (BILTAM), Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, 34700, Turkey.
| | - Emir Kasım Demir
- Science and Advanced Technologies Application and Research Center (BILTAM), Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, 34700, Turkey; Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, 34700, Turkey
| | - Gulfem Aşık
- Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, 34700, Turkey
| | - Senem Teksoy Başaran
- Science and Advanced Technologies Application and Research Center (BILTAM), Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, 34700, Turkey; Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, 34700, Turkey
| | - Emine Cokgor
- Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seval Sözen
- Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erkan Sahinkaya
- Science and Advanced Technologies Application and Research Center (BILTAM), Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, 34700, Turkey; Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, 34700, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guo G, Zhou S, Chen Y, Qin Y, Huang X, Li YY. Enhanced methanogenic degradation and membrane fouling associated with protein-EPS by extending sludge retention time in a high-solid anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating concentrated organic sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 248:120879. [PMID: 37988769 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The improvement of organic sludge destruction efficiency and methanogenic performance is a key concern during anaerobic digestion toward maximum energy recovery. In this study, a high-solid anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) was operated continuously for the treatment of organic sludge from Japanese small-scale collective wastewater treatment facility (Johkasou), and digestion efficiency was enhanced by the optimizing solid retention time (SRT). Degradation efficiency of the substrate improved from 36 % to 52 % and the biogas yield was enhanced from 0.37 to 0.51 L/g-VSfed when the SRT was extended from 30 to 60 d. The net energy yield of AnMBR at SRT 60 days was 9.83 kJ/g-VSfed, and the corresponding energy sufficiency ratio was 181 %, indicating that SRT extension could enhance substrate destruction with significant energy recovery potential. However, a long SRT is characterized by high mixed liquor total solids (MLTS), small particle size, high extracellular polymeric substances content, and poor filterability, which exert detrimental effects on membrane operation. Membrane fouling was effectively controlled by regulating the flux at a sustainable rate. The low fouling region and transition region of operating flux were determined as 0.21-4.6 L/m2/h (LMH) and 1.5-5.7 LMH, respectively, when MLTS was 25-50 g/L, and the main contributors to membrane fouling were high protein fractions and small sludge flocs. The current study proposes a promising method to promote digestion efficiency and provided adequate guidance for membrane operation at super-high MLTS by presenting practical engineering applications of AnMBRs in solid waste treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangze Guo
- Department of Frontier Science for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-20 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Shitong Zhou
- Department of Frontier Science for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-20 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Frontier Science for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-20 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Son S, Lee W, Jung H, Lee J, Kim C, Lee H, Cho S, Jang J, Lee M, Ryu HC. Experimental Analysis of Various Blockage Performance for LiDAR Sensor Cleaning Evaluation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2752. [PMID: 36904952 PMCID: PMC10007043 DOI: 10.3390/s23052752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Autonomous driving includes recognition, judgment, and control technologies, and is implemented using sensors such as cameras, LiDAR, and radar. However, recognition sensors are exposed to the outside environment and their performance may deteriorate because of the presence of substances that interfere with vision, such as dust, bird droppings, and insects, during operation. Research on sensor cleaning technology to solve this performance degradation has been limited. This study used various types and concentrations of blockage and dryness to demonstrate approaches to the evaluation of cleaning rates for selected conditions that afford satisfactory results. To determine the effectiveness of washing, the study used the following criteria: washer, 0.5 bar/s and air, 2 bar/s, with 3.5 g being used three times to test the LiDAR window. The study found that blockage, concentration, and dryness are the most important factors, and in that order. Additionally, the study compared new forms of blockage, such as those caused by dust, bird droppings, and insects, with standard dust that was used as a control to evaluate the performance of the new blockage types. The results of this study can be used to conduct various sensor cleaning tests and ensure their reliability and economic feasibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- SungHo Son
- Department of Future Vehicle Research, Korea Automobile Testing and Research Institute, Hwaseong 18247, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Science, University of Sahmyook, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - WoongSu Lee
- Department of Future Vehicle Research, Korea Automobile Testing and Research Institute, Hwaseong 18247, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunGi Jung
- Department of Future Vehicle Research, Korea Automobile Testing and Research Institute, Hwaseong 18247, Republic of Korea
| | - JungKi Lee
- Department of Future Vehicle Research, Korea Automobile Testing and Research Institute, Hwaseong 18247, Republic of Korea
| | - ChaRyung Kim
- Department of Future Vehicle Research, Korea Automobile Testing and Research Institute, Hwaseong 18247, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunWoo Lee
- Department of Future Vehicle Research, Korea Automobile Testing and Research Institute, Hwaseong 18247, Republic of Korea
| | - SeoungWoo Cho
- Department of Future Vehicle Research, Korea Automobile Testing and Research Institute, Hwaseong 18247, Republic of Korea
| | - JeongAh Jang
- TOD Based Transportation Research Center, University of Ajou, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Lee
- Department of Business Intelligence and Analytics, Legacy.com, 230 W Monroe Ste 400, Chicago, IL 60606, USA
| | - Han-Cheol Ryu
- Department of Convergence Science, University of Sahmyook, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pradhan M, Johir MAH, Kandasamy J, Ratnaweera H, Vigneswaran S. Effects of Viscosity on Submerged Membrane Microfiltration Systems. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:780. [PMID: 36005695 PMCID: PMC9413319 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Submerged microfiltration has a wide range of applications in water and wastewater treatment. Membrane fouling is a major problem, resulting in a severe decline in flux, high energy consumption and frequent membrane cleaning and replacement. The effect of viscosity was not previously studied under controlled conditions to relate it to the air scour. Hence, this study investigated the effect of viscosity on membrane fouling during the operation of submerged membrane microfiltration by adding predetermined amounts of glycerol to a kaolin clay suspension. The addition of glycerol increased the viscosity (from 0.001 to 0.003 Pa·s), resulting in a 3-fold higher transmembrane pressure (TMP) development. An increased airflow (air scour) rate by 3 fold (from 0.6 m3/m2/h to 1.8 m3/m2/h), reduced TMP development by 65%. Membrane fouling quickly developed during the initial stage of microfiltration operation. Therefore, special precautions to control fouling during the early stages of filtration could significantly enhance the operation of the microfilter. Higher airflow caused a reduction in average specific cake resistance, whereas higher viscosity increased this value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muna Pradhan
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Ultimo, NSW 2127, Australia
- BMB Engineers, P.O. Box 7842, Baulkhan Hills, NSW 2153, Australia
| | - Md Abu Hasan Johir
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Ultimo, NSW 2127, Australia
| | - Jaya Kandasamy
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Ultimo, NSW 2127, Australia
| | - Harsha Ratnaweera
- Faculty of Sciences & Technology (RealTek), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Ultimo, NSW 2127, Australia
- Faculty of Sciences & Technology (RealTek), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Szabo-Corbacho MA, Pacheco-Ruiz S, Míguez D, Hooijmans CM, Brdjanovic D, García HA, van Lier JB. Influence of the Sludge Retention Time on Membrane Fouling in an Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) Treating Lipid-Rich Dairy Wastewater. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:262. [PMID: 35323737 PMCID: PMC8952882 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12030262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of sludge retention time (SRT) on the membrane filtration performance of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) fed lipid-rich synthetic dairy wastewater. The membrane filtration performance was evaluated in two AnMBR systems operated at two different SRTs, i.e., 20 and 40 days. For the AnMBR operated at 40 days, SRT exhibited worse membrane filtration performance characterized by operational transmembrane pressures (TMP) exceeding the maximum allowed value and high total resistances to filtration (Rtotal). The sludge in the two reactors evaluated at the different SRTs showed similar sludge filterability properties. However, the sludge in the reactor operated at 40 days SRT was characterized by exhibiting the highest concentrations of: (i) total suspended solids (TSS), (ii) small-sized particles, (iii) extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), (iv) soluble microbial products (SMP), (v) fats, oils and grease (FOG), and (vi) long-chain fatty acids (LCFA). The cake layer resistance was the major contributor to the overall resistance to filtration. The high TSS concentration observed in the AnMBR systems apparently contributed to a less permeable cake layer introducing a negative effect on the membrane filtration performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alejandra Szabo-Corbacho
- Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering Department, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands; (C.M.H.); (D.B.); (H.A.G.); (J.B.v.L.)
- Latitud—Fundación LATU, Laboratorio Tecnológico del Uruguay (LATU), Avda. Italia 6201, Montevideo CP 11500, Uruguay;
- Department of Water Management, Sanitary Engineering Section, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Santiago Pacheco-Ruiz
- BIOTHANE—Veolia Water Technologies, Tanthofdreef 21, 2623 EW Delft, The Netherlands;
| | - Diana Míguez
- Latitud—Fundación LATU, Laboratorio Tecnológico del Uruguay (LATU), Avda. Italia 6201, Montevideo CP 11500, Uruguay;
| | - Christine M. Hooijmans
- Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering Department, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands; (C.M.H.); (D.B.); (H.A.G.); (J.B.v.L.)
| | - Damir Brdjanovic
- Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering Department, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands; (C.M.H.); (D.B.); (H.A.G.); (J.B.v.L.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Hector A. García
- Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering Department, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands; (C.M.H.); (D.B.); (H.A.G.); (J.B.v.L.)
| | - Jules B. van Lier
- Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering Department, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands; (C.M.H.); (D.B.); (H.A.G.); (J.B.v.L.)
- Department of Water Management, Sanitary Engineering Section, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lutze R, Engelhart M. Effects of Sludge Characteristics on the Critical Flux of an AnMBR for Sludge Treatment. CHEM-ING-TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lutze
- EnviroChemie GmbH In den Leppsteinswiesen 9 64380 Roßdorf Germany
| | - Markus Engelhart
- Technische Universität Darmstadt Institut IWAR, Fachgebiet Abwassertechnik Franziska-Braun-Straße 7 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Operation of Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors at 20 °C: Effect of Solids Retention Time on Flux, Mixed Liquor Characteristics and Performance. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Four flat-sheet submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactors ran for 242 days on a simulated domestic wastewater with low Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and high suspended solids. Organic loading was maintained around 1.0 g COD L−1 day−1, while solids retention time (SRT) was varied from 20–90 days. This was achieved at a constant membrane flux, maintained by adjusting transmembrane pressure (TMP) in the range 1.8–9.8 kPa. Membrane fouling was assessed based on the required TMP, with mixed liquors characterised using capillary suction time, frozen image centrifugation and quantification of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). SRT had a significant effect on these parameters: fouling was least at an SRT of 30 days and highest at 60 days, with some reduction as this extended to 90 days. Operation at SRT < 30 days showed no further benefits. Although operation at a short SRT was optimal for membrane performance it led to lower specific methane productivity, higher biomass yields and higher effluent COD. Short SRT may also have accelerated the loss of essential trace elements, leading to reduced performance under these conditions. A COD-based mass balance was conducted, including both biomass and methane dissolved in the effluent.
Collapse
|
8
|
Demir EK, Yaman BN, Çelik PA, Puhakka JA, Sahinkaya E. Simulated acid mine drainage treatment in iron oxidizing ceramic membrane bioreactor with subsequent co-precipitation of iron and arsenic. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 201:117297. [PMID: 34118649 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acid mine drainage (AMD), generated in the active and abandoned mine sites, is characterized by low pH and high metal concentrations. One AMD treatment possibility is biologically oxidizing Fe2+ followed by precipitation through pH control. As compared to autotrophic iron oxidizing microbial community, a microbial community enriched in the presence of organic nutrients was hypothesized to yield higher biomass during commissioning the bioreactor. In this study, the treatment of Fe, Cu, Co, Mn, Zn, Ni, and As containing simulated AMD was studied using an iron-oxidizing ceramic membrane bioreactor (CMBR) at varying hydraulic retention times (HRTs) (6-24 h) and two different feed Fe2+ concentrations (250 and 750 mg/L). The impact of tryptone soya broth (TSB) on the CMBR performance was also investigated. Almost complete Fe2+ oxidation and sustainable flux at around 5.0 L/(m2.h) were obtained in the CMBR with the Alicyclobacillus tolerans and Acidiphilium cryptum dominated enrichment culture. The Fe2+ oxidation rate, as assessed in batch operation cycles of CMBR, increased significantly with increasing Fe2+ loading to the bioreactor. The iron oxidation rate decreased by the elimination of organic matter from the feed. The increase of the CMBR permeate pH to 3.5-4.0 resulted in selective co-precipitation of As and Fe (over 99%) with the generation of biogenic schwertmannite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emir Kasım Demir
- Environmental and Energy Systems Engineering Program, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, 34700, Turkey
| | - Belma Nural Yaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, 26040, Turkey
| | - Pınar Aytar Çelik
- Environmental Protection and Control Program, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, 26110, Turkey
| | - Jaakko A Puhakka
- Tampere University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, P.O. Box 541, FI-33104 Tampere University, Finland
| | - Erkan Sahinkaya
- Environmental and Energy Systems Engineering Program, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, 34700, Turkey; Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, 34700, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Deng S, Jothinathan L, Cai Q, Li R, Wu M, Ong SL, Hu J. FeO x@GAC catalyzed microbubble ozonation coupled with biological process for industrial phenolic wastewater treatment: Catalytic performance, biological process screening and microbial characteristics. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116687. [PMID: 33279753 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are common ccontaminants in industrial effluents. In this study, a combined catalytic microbubble ozonation and biological process was developed and applied for efficient industrial phenolic wastewater (PWW) treatment. Catalytic activity of an iron-oxides (FeOx) doped granular activated carbon (GAC) catalyst (FeOx@GAC) in microbubble ozonation for PWW treatment was investigated. The results demonstrated that the FeOx@GAC catalyzed microbubble ozonation (O3/FeOx@GAC) obtained significantly higher reaction rate constant (k1 = 0.023 min-1) in TOC removal compared to the bare GAC catalyzed microbubble ozonation (O3/GAC, k1 = 0.013 min-1) and ordinary microbubble ozonation (k1 = 0.008 min-1). Destruction rate constant of phenolic compounds (k2) was improved from 0.014 min-1 (ordinary microbubble ozonation) to 0.025 min-1 (O3/FeOx@GAC). The 60-min pretreatment of PWW by O3/FeOx@GAC process enhanced BOD5/COD ratio from 0.31 to 0.76 and reduced the acute bio-toxicity by 79.2%. Screening and characterization of biological post-treatment processes were conducted among activated sludge process (ASP), up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and membrane bioreactor (MBR). UASB and ASP showed limited phenolic compounds removal of 35.4% and 57.0% with lower bio-toxicity resistance than MBR (94.9% phenolic compounds removal). The combined process O3/FeOx@GAC-MBR was thus developed and achieved high COD removal (98.0%) and phenolic compounds degradation (99.4%). PWW pretreatment by O3/FeOx@GAC process decreased membrane fouling rate of MBR by 88.2% by reducing proteins/polysaccharides accumulation in both extracellular polymeric substances and soluble microbial products. 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing revealed the predominance of phylum Proteobacteria, class Alphaproteobacteria and genera Mycobacterium, Gordonia, Pedomicrobium & Defluviimonas in biological PWW treatment bio-systems. Pearson correlation coefficient and ANOVA analysis verified that Mycobacterium possessed high bio-toxicity resistance and was the main contributor to the biodegradation of phenolic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shihai Deng
- Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory c/o FoE, Block E1A, #04-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Lakshmi Jothinathan
- Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory c/o FoE, Block E1A, #04-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Qinqing Cai
- Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory c/o FoE, Block E1A, #04-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Rui Li
- Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory c/o FoE, Block E1A, #04-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Mengyuan Wu
- Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory c/o FoE, Block E1A, #04-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Say Leong Ong
- Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory c/o FoE, Block E1A, #04-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Jiangyong Hu
- Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Sembcorp-NUS Corporate Laboratory c/o FoE, Block E1A, #04-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A, #07-01, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yurtsever A, Basaran E, Ucar D, Sahinkaya E. Self-forming dynamic membrane bioreactor for textile industry wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141572. [PMID: 32871311 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The robustness of anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor (AnDMBR) for synthetic textile wastewater treatment was investigated. Textile wastewater may contain high concentrations of NaCl and sulfate, hence their impact on the AnDMBR performance was investigated in detail. A dynamic membrane was formed on a 20-μm pore sized nylon support layer at a constant flux of around 8 LMH. In the absence of sulfate addition, total and filtered (soluble) COD averaged 96 ± 49 mg/L (91% removal) and 75 ± 35 mg/L (93% removal), respectively. Sulfate addition increased total COD in the permeate to 222 ± 68 mg/L (79% removal). Average SS concentration was lower than 30 mg/L in the permeate although its concentration in the bioreactor reached 10 g/L. Throughout the AnDMBR operation dye removal averaged >97%. Sludge filterability, which was assessed by specific resistance to filtration, supernatant filtration, capillary suction time and viscosity, decreased after sulfate addition. Organic and inorganic matters in the dynamic layer were characterized by SEM-EDS and FTIR analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adem Yurtsever
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hasan Kalyoncu University, 27410 Gaziantep, Turkey; Environmental Implementation and Research Center, Hasan Kalyoncu University, 27410 Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Erkan Basaran
- Environmental Implementation and Research Center, Hasan Kalyoncu University, 27410 Gaziantep, Turkey; Environmental Engineering Department, Harran University, 63100 Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ucar
- Environmental Engineering Department, Harran University, 63100 Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Erkan Sahinkaya
- Bioengineering Department, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Unalan, 34700 Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yurtsever A, Basaran E, Ucar D. Process optimization and filtration performance of an anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor treating textile wastewaters. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 273:111114. [PMID: 32738743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed at investigating the performance of anaerobic dynamic MBR (AnDMBR) for the treatment of synthetic textile wastewater. A laboratory scale anaerobic bioreactor was operated to test nylon mesh support materials with different pore sizes (20 μm, 53 μm and 100 μm). The performances of the AnDMBR were evaluated with a stimulated wastewater containing 1,000 mg.L-1 COD and 100 mg.L-1 dye (Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R). To develop an effective dynamic cake layer on the support material, different operational strategies, i.e. high flux, continuous and intermittently biogas recycle were studied for process optimization and increase the filtration performances. Initially, the bioreactor was operated under continuous biogas recycle. Under this operation strategy, the cake layer was not formed, then intermittent biogas recycle was applied to improve the development of dynamic layer. Effluent SS decreased below 20 mg-SS.L-1 for all the tested different pore sized supports after the development of the cake layer. Almost complete color (>99%) and high COD removal efficiencies (95-97%) were observed. For all the three supports, the bioreactor was operated at fluxes of 5-15 L.(m2.h)-1 (LMH), which was quite high compared to conventional AnMBRs equipped with micro/ultra-filtration membranes. In order to better understand the formation and its structure, detailed cake layer characterization analyses were conducted with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), SEM coupled Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP). Provided the formation of the cake layer, the comparable flux and removal performances with AnMBRs for all three tested support materials were possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adem Yurtsever
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hasan Kalyoncu University, 27410, Gaziantep, Turkey; Environmental Sciences and Energy Management Program, Hasan Kalyoncu University, 27410, Gaziantep, Turkey; Environmental Implementation and Research Center, Hasan Kalyoncu University, 27410, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Erkan Basaran
- Environmental Implementation and Research Center, Hasan Kalyoncu University, 27410, Gaziantep, Turkey; Environmental Engineering Department, Harran University, 63100, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ucar
- Environmental Engineering Department, Harran University, 63100, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Oztemur G, Teksoy Basaran S, Tayran Z, Sahinkaya E. Fluidized bed membrane bioreactor achieves high sulfate reduction and filtration performances at moderate temperatures. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126587. [PMID: 32443270 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study explored the potential of an up-flow sulfate reducing fluidized-bed membrane bioreactor (SR-FMBR) for biogenic sulfide generation at room temperature together with evaluation of filtration and fouling characteristics developed under various operational conditions. The SR-FMBR was tested at different COD/sulfate (mg/mg) ratios for a total of 127 days, initially at 35 °C and then at 23 °C. SR-FMBR was able to achieve COD oxidation and sulfate reduction efficiencies up to 98%, and allowed for biogenic sulfide generation up to 600 mg/L (97% of theoretical value) at room temperature. Alkalinity was generated as a result of sulfate reduction and averaged around 1900 mgCaCO3/L in the permeate. Hence, starting the bioreactor operation at 35 °C and then decreasing it to 23 °C did not adversely affect the process performance. High filtration fluxes up to 9.3 L/m2/h (LMH) could be maintained at employed hydraulic retention times between 24 h and 6 h. Observing relatively high filtration performance was due to keeping a high fraction of biomass attached to the carrier material, which decreased the cake formation potential on the membrane surface compared to conventional MBR operation. The SR-FMBR performance may further be tested for heavy metal removal under sulfidogenic conditions for acid mine drainage treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guldenur Oztemur
- Environmental and Energy Systems Engineering Program, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34700, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Senem Teksoy Basaran
- Environmental and Energy Systems Engineering Program, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34700, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34700, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Zeynep Tayran
- Environmental and Energy Systems Engineering Program, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34700, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erkan Sahinkaya
- Environmental and Energy Systems Engineering Program, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34700, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34700, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
A Review on the Mechanism, Impacts and Control Methods of Membrane Fouling in MBR System. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10020024. [PMID: 32033001 PMCID: PMC7073750 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Compared with the traditional activated sludge process, a membrane bioreactor (MBR) has many advantages, such as good effluent quality, small floor space, low residual sludge yield and easy automatic control. It has a promising prospect in wastewater treatment and reuse. However, membrane fouling is the biggest obstacle to the wide application of MBR. This paper aims at summarizing the new research progress of membrane fouling mechanism, control, prediction and detection in the MBR systems. Classification, mechanism, influencing factors and control of membrane fouling, membrane life prediction and online monitoring of membrane fouling are discussed. The research trends of relevant research areas in MBR membrane fouling are prospected.
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang S, Ma C, Pang C, Hu Z, Wang W. Membrane fouling and performance of anaerobic ceramic membrane bioreactor treating phenol- and quinoline-containing wastewater: granular activated carbon vs polyaluminum chloride. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:34167-34176. [PMID: 30484054 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) has been proposed for the treatment of phenolic wastewater, the membrane fouling is still a major obstacle. The effects of dosing of granular activated carbon (GAC) and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) on the treatment performance and membrane fouling of anaerobic ceramic membrane bioreactor were investigated for treating phenol- and quinoline-containing wastewater. The results suggested that the one-off dosing of GAC resulted in a decrease of protein/carbohydrate ratio, which might account for the aggravation of membrane fouling alongside with the decreased flocs size. Nevertheless, the substrate uptake rates (SUR) of phenol and quinoline, and the specific methanogenic activity of sludge at the GAC dosing stage of experimental reactor (R1) were 8.79 ± 0.63 mg phenol g-1 MLVSS d-1, 7.01 ± 0.09 mg quinoline g-1 MLVSS d-1 and 0.27 ± 0.01 g CODCH4 g-1 MLVSS d-1, which were 1.69, 3.59 and 1.93 times higher than that of the control reactor (R2). The dosing of PACl reduced the membrane fouling rate by changing the floc structure of sludge, as well as the component of SMP and EPS. However, the substrate uptake rate of quinoline was declined. This work provides a comprehensive evaluation on the effect of GAC and PACl dosing on membrane fouling and performance of anaerobic ceramic membrane bioreactor treating phenol-and quinoline-containing wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Wang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Cong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Chao Pang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Zhenhu Hu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Maaz M, Yasin M, Aslam M, Kumar G, Atabani AE, Idrees M, Anjum F, Jamil F, Ahmad R, Khan AL, Lesage G, Heran M, Kim J. Anaerobic membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment: Novel configurations, fouling control and energy considerations. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 283:358-372. [PMID: 30928198 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Water shortage, public health and environmental protection are key motives to treat wastewater. The widespread adoption of wastewater as a resource depends upon development of an energy-efficient technology. Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) technology has gained increasing popularity due to their ability to offset the disadvantages of conventional treatment technologies. However there are several hurdles, yet to climb over, for wider spread and scale-up of the technology. This paper reviews fundamental aspects of anaerobic digestion of wastewater, and identifies the challenges and opportunities to the further development of AnMBRs. Membrane fouling and its implications are discussed, and strategies to control membrane fouling are proposed. Novel AnMBR configurations are discussed as an integrated approach to overcome technology limitations. Energy demand and recovery in AnMBRs is analyzed. Finally key issues that require urgent attention to facilitate global penetration of AnMBR technology are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Maaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan; Bioenergy & Environmental Sustainable Membrane Technology (BEST) Research Group, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yasin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan; Bioenergy & Environmental Sustainable Membrane Technology (BEST) Research Group, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan; Bioenergy & Environmental Sustainable Membrane Technology (BEST) Research Group, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Box 8600 Forus, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - A E Atabani
- Energy Division, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mubbsher Idrees
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan; Bioenergy & Environmental Sustainable Membrane Technology (BEST) Research Group, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Anjum
- IEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Farrukh Jamil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan; Bioenergy & Environmental Sustainable Membrane Technology (BEST) Research Group, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Inharo-100, Michuholgu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Asim Laeeq Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan; Bioenergy & Environmental Sustainable Membrane Technology (BEST) Research Group, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Marc Heran
- IEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Inharo-100, Michuholgu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dereli RK, van der Zee FP, Ozturk I, van Lier JB. Treatment of cheese whey by a cross-flow anaerobic membrane bioreactor: Biological and filtration performance. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 168:109-117. [PMID: 30296638 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Whey, produced in large quantities during cheese production, is a rapidly fermentable high strength wastewater characterized by a high biodegradability and low alkalinity. In this study, a lab-scale cross-flow anaerobic membrane bioreactor was used to address the commonly experienced difficulties such as unstable reactor performance and unexpected biomass losses when treating whey wastewater with conventional anaerobic reactors. The anaerobic membrane bioreactor provided a stable treatment performance, i.e. more than 90% chemical oxygen demand removal, and moderate membrane fluxes between 8 and 11 L m-2 h-1 could be obtained, applying a low cross-flow velocity of about 0.5 m s-1. Short term critical flux tests revealed that higher fluxes up to 36 L m-2 h-1 are possible at elevated cross-flow velocities and/or reduced mixed liquor suspended solids concentrations. Sludge filterability indicated by capillary suction time and specific resistance to filtration deteriorated throughout the study. Chemical cleaning efficiency gradually decreased, indicating irreversible membrane fouling during long term operation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Recep Kaan Dereli
- Istanbul Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey; Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Watermanagement, Sanitary Engineering Section, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Frank P van der Zee
- Veolia Water Technologies, Biothane Systems International, Tanthofdreef 21, 2600 GB Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Izzet Ozturk
- Istanbul Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jules B van Lier
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Watermanagement, Sanitary Engineering Section, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Muñoz Sierra JD, Wang W, Cerqueda-Garcia D, Oosterkamp MJ, Spanjers H, van Lier JB. Temperature susceptibility of a mesophilic anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating saline phenol-containing wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 213:92-102. [PMID: 30216817 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the temperature susceptibility of a continuous-flow lab-scale anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) to temperature shifts from 35 °C to 55 °C and its bioconversion robustness treating synthetic phenolic wastewater at 16 gNa+.L-1. During the experiment, the mesophilic reactor was subjected to stepwise temperature increases by 5 °C. The phenol conversion rates of the AnMBR decreased from 3.16 at 35 °C to 2.10 mgPh.gVSS-1.d-1 at 45 °C, and further decreased to 1.63 mgPh.gVSS-1.d-1 at 50 °C. At 55 °C, phenol conversion rate stabilized at 1.53 mgPh.gVSS-1.d-1 whereas COD removal efficiency was 38% compared to 95.5% at 45 °C and 99.8% at 35 °C. Interestingly, it was found that the phenol degradation process was less susceptible for the upward temperature shifts than the methanogenic process. The temperature increase implied twenty-one operational taxonomic units from the reactor's microbial community with significant differential abundance between mesophilic and thermophilic operation, and eleven of them are known to be involved in aromatic compounds degradation. Reaching the upper-temperature limits for mesophilic operation was associated with the decrease in microbial abundance of the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, which are linked to syntrophic phenol degradation. It was also found that the particle size decreased from 89.4 μm at 35 °C to 21.0 μm at 55 °C. The accumulation of small particles and higher content of soluble microbial protein-like substances led to increased transmembrane pressure which negatively affected the filtration performance. Our findings indicated that at high salinity a mesophilic AnMBR can tolerate a temperature up to 45 °C without being limited in the phenol conversion capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian D Muñoz Sierra
- Section Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Wei Wang
- Section Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Daniel Cerqueda-Garcia
- Section Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN, Delft, the Netherlands; Institute of Ecology, National Autonomous University of Mexico. Circuito ext. Sn, Cd. Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Margreet J Oosterkamp
- Section Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Henri Spanjers
- Section Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Jules B van Lier
- Section Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN, Delft, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Diez V, Iglesias A, Cámara JM, Ruiz MO, Ramos C. A novel anaerobic filter membrane bioreactor: prototype start-up and filtration assays. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 78:1833-1842. [PMID: 30566087 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion allows efficient treatment of high loaded wastewater, and membrane technology allows obtaining high quality effluents with complete biomass retention. However, high biomass concentration interferes with membrane fouling. In the present work, a new bioreactor that integrates an attached biomass anaerobic culture on a fixed bed and a submerged membrane has been started up. The recirculation between the digestion and filtration chambers is coupled to the gas-lift effect of the bubbling employed for the scouring of the membranes, avoiding the use or electromechanical pumps that damage the suspended biomass. The support material retains the biomass in the digestion tank despite the downwards flow, avoiding the submerged membrane contacting with a high concentrated suspension. This novel system, called an anaerobic filter membrane bioreactor was immediately started up, achieving chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies of 96% at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 7 kg COD/m3·d. In order to select filtration flux, specific gas demand and filtration cycle duration, the results of 15 short term assays, eight hours for each one, is presented for fluxes between 15.7 and 17.7 L/m2·h, cycle duration between 10 and 30 minutes, and three levels of scouring. It was checked that reversible and irreversible fouling were directly related when dTMP/dt > 2.5 mbar/min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Diez
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Chemical Engineering Division, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, 09001 Burgos, Spain E-mail:
| | - A Iglesias
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Chemical Engineering Division, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, 09001 Burgos, Spain E-mail:
| | - J M Cámara
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering, Electronics Technology Division, University of Burgos, Avda. Cantabria s/n, 09006 Burgos, Spain
| | - M O Ruiz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Chemical Engineering Division, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, 09001 Burgos, Spain E-mail:
| | - C Ramos
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Chemical Engineering Division, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, 09001 Burgos, Spain E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dereli RK, Wang X, van der Zee FP, van Lier JB. Biological performance and sludge filterability of anaerobic membrane bioreactors under nitrogen limited and supplied conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 137:164-172. [PMID: 29549798 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The impact of nitrogen on biological performance and sludge filterability of anaerobic membrane bioreactors was investigated in two lab-scale cross-flow anaerobic membrane bioreactors that were fed with cheese whey at two different COD:TKN ratios (50 and 190). Nitrogen deprivation adversely affected the biological treatment performance and reactor stability, as indicated by volatile fatty acids accumulation. On the other hand, nitrogen (urea) supplementation resulted in a reduced sludge median particle size and decreased sludge filterability. Standard filterability parameters such as capillary suction time and specific resistance to filtration tended to rapidly increase in the nitrogen supplemented reactor. The critical fluxes in the nitrogen limited and supplemented reactors were 20 and 9 L m-2 h-1, respectively. The rapid deterioration of sludge filterability under nitrogen supplemented conditions was attributed to abundant growth of dispersed biomass. Thus, the COD:TKN ratio of wastewater affected both bioconversion and filterability performance in the anaerobic membrane bioreactors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Recep Kaan Dereli
- Istanbul Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey; Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Watermanagement, Sanitary Engineering Section, Stevinweg 1, 2628, CN Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Química, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frank P van der Zee
- Veolia Water Technologies, Biothane Systems International, Tanthofdreef 21, 2600, GB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jules B van Lier
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Watermanagement, Sanitary Engineering Section, Stevinweg 1, 2628, CN Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sahinkaya E, Yurtsever A, Çınar Ö. Treatment of textile industry wastewater using dynamic membrane bioreactor: Impact of intermittent aeration on process performance. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
21
|
Shanthi Sravan J, Naresh Kumar A, Venkata Mohan S. Multi-pollutant treatment of crystalline cellulosic effluent: Function of dissolved oxygen on process control. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 217:245-251. [PMID: 27005787 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of crystalline cellulose based wastewater was carried out in periodic discontinuous batch reactor (PDBR). Specific influence of dissolved oxygen on treatment of crystalline cellulosic (CC) wastewater was evaluated in three different microenvironments such as aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic. PDBR-aerobic biosystem documented relatively higher substrate degradation [2.63kgCOD/m(3)-day (92%)] in comparison to PDBR-anoxic [2.12kgCOD/m(3)-day (71%)] and PDBR-anaerobic [1.81kgCOD/m(3)-day (63%)], which is in accordance with the observed DO levels. Similarly, multipollutants viz., phosphates and nitrates removal was observed to be higher in aerobic followed by anoxic and anaerobic operations. Higher nitrate removal in aerobic operation might be attributed to the efficient denitrification carried out by the biocatalyst, which utilizes both nitrates and oxygen as oxidizing agents. Multiscan spectral profiles depicted reduction in color intensity in all three microenvironments that correlated with the substrate degradation observed. Despite the high organic load, PDBR functioned well without exhibiting process inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Shanthi Sravan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Science (BEES), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - A Naresh Kumar
- Bioengineering and Environmental Science (BEES), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Science (BEES), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yurtsever A, Çınar Ö, Sahinkaya E. Treatment of textile wastewater using sequential sulfate-reducing anaerobic and sulfide-oxidizing aerobic membrane bioreactors. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
23
|
Dereli RK, Loverdou L, van der Zee FP, van Lier JB. A systematic study on the effect of substrate acidification degree and acidogenic biomass on sludge filterability. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 82:94-103. [PMID: 26025599 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of substrate acidification on sludge filtration characteristics was systematically investigated by using short term filtration tests. Four reactors were operated with raw and acidified whey permeate in order to evaluate the effect of acidogens on sludge filterability. The results showed that feeding non-acidified substrate promoted the growth of acidogens which in return decreased the median particle size of the sludge and adversely influenced specific resistance to filtration (SRF). In addition to the presence of acidogens, the food to mass (F:M) ratio was found as an important operation parameter on sludge filterability. Various filterability indicators, such as capillary suction time (CST), SRF and supernatant filterability, tended to became worse at increased F:M ratios. The decreased filterability at high F:M ratio was attributed to the accumulation of soluble microbial products (SMP) in the reactors. Interestingly, impact of acidogens on short term critical flux tests was not significant, but this may be a consequence of the experimental set-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Recep Kaan Dereli
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Watermanagement, Sanitary Engineering Section, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands; Istanbul Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey; Biothane Systems International, Tanthofdreef 21, 2600 GB Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Lefki Loverdou
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Watermanagement, Sanitary Engineering Section, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Frank P van der Zee
- Biothane Systems International, Tanthofdreef 21, 2600 GB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jules B van Lier
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Watermanagement, Sanitary Engineering Section, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xiao X, Huang Z, Ruan W, Yan L, Miao H, Ren H, Zhao M. Evaluation and characterization during the anaerobic digestion of high-strength kitchen waste slurry via a pilot-scale anaerobic membrane bioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 193:234-242. [PMID: 26141283 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic digestion of high-strength kitchen waste slurry via a pilot-scale anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) was investigated at two different operational modes, including no sludge discharge and daily sludge discharge of 20 L. The AnMBR provided excellent and reliable permeate quality with high COD removal efficiencies over 99%. The obvious accumulations of long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and Ca(2+) were found in the anaerobic digester by precipitation and agglomeration. Though the physicochemical process contributed to attenuating the free LCFAs toxicity on anaerobic digestion, the digestion efficiency was partly influenced for the low bioavailability of those precipitates. Moreover, higher organic loading rate (OLR) of 5.8 kg COD/(m(3) d) and digestion efficiency of 78% were achieved as the AnMBR was stably operated with sludge discharge, where the membrane fouling propensity was also alleviated, indicating the crucial significance of SRT control on the treatment of high-strength kitchen waste slurry via AnMBRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Xiao
- School of Evironmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zhenxing Huang
- School of Evironmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Wenquan Ruan
- School of Evironmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou 215009, PR China.
| | - Lintao Yan
- School of Evironmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Hengfeng Miao
- School of Evironmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Hongyan Ren
- School of Evironmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Mingxing Zhao
- School of Evironmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shi X, Ng KK, Li XR, Ng HY. Investigation of intertidal wetland sediment as a novel inoculation source for anaerobic saline wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:6231-6239. [PMID: 25884391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological treatment of saline wastewater is considered unfavorable due to salinity inhibition on microbial activity. In this study, intertidal wetland sediment (IWS) collected from a high saline environment was investigated as a novel inoculation source for anaerobic treatment of saline pharmaceutical wastewater. Two parallel lab-scale anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (AnSBR) were set up to compare the organic removal potential of IWS with conventional anaerobic digested sludge (ADS). Under steady-state condition, IWS reactor (R(i)) showed organic reduction performance significantly superior to that of ADS reactor (R(a)), achieving COD removal efficiency of 71.4 ± 3.7 and 32.3 ± 6.1%, respectively. In addition, as revealed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, a higher relative abundance of methanogenic populations was detected in R(i). A further 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing test was conducted to understand both the bacterial and archaeal community populations in the two AnSBRs. A predominance of halophilic/tolerant microorganisms (class Clostridia of bacteria, genera Methanosarcina, and Methanohalophilus of archaea) in R(i) enhanced its organic removal efficiency. Moreover, several microbial groups related with degradation of hardly biodegradable compounds (PAHs, n-alkenes, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and alkanes, etc.) were detected in the IWS. All these findings indicated that IWS is a promising inoculation source for anaerobic treatment of saline wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Shi
- †Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576
| | - Kok Kwang Ng
- †Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576
| | - Xiao-Ran Li
- ‡Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - How Yong Ng
- †Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen JL, Ortiz R, Xiao Y, Steele TWJ, Stuckey DC. Rapid fluorescence-based measurement of toxicity in anaerobic digestion. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 75:123-130. [PMID: 25768985 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A rapid fluorescence measurement based on resazurin reduction was developed and applied for the detection of toxicants/inhibitors to anaerobic digestion metabolism. By initially using a pure facultative anaerobic strain, Enterococcus faecalis as a model organism, this technique proved to be fast and sensitive when detecting the model toxicant, pentachlorophenol (PCP). The technique revealed significant metabolic changes in Enterococcus faecalis with a PCP spike ranging from 0.05 to 100 mg/L, and could detect PCP's toxicity to E. faecalis at a concentration of only 0.05 mg/L in 8 min. Furthermore, by extending this technique to a mixed anaerobic sludge, not only could the effect of 0.05-100 mg/L PCP be determined on anaerobic digestion metabolism within 10 min, but also its rate of biogas production. These results suggest that a resazurin-based fluorescence measurement can potentially be incorporated into a microfluidic system to develop a biosensor for the real-time monitoring, control and early warning of toxicant/inhibitor loads in the influent to an anaerobic digestion system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lin Chen
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Raphael Ortiz
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Yeyuan Xiao
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Terry W J Steele
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore.
| | - David C Stuckey
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore; Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang X, Yue X, Liu Z, Li Q, Hua X. Impacts of sludge retention time on sludge characteristics and membrane fouling in a submerged anaerobic–oxic membrane bioreactor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:4893-903. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6383-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
28
|
Influence of high lipid containing wastewater on filtration performance and fouling in AnMBRs operated at different solids retention times. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|