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Shi H, Du Y, Xiong Y, Deng Y, Li Q. Source-oriented health risk assessment of groundwater nitrate by using EMMTE coupled with HHRA model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173283. [PMID: 38759927 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Conventional concentration-oriented approaches for nitrate risk diagnosis only provide overall risk levels without identifying risk values of individual sources or sources accountable for potential health risks. Therefore, a hybrid model combining the end-member mixing model tool on Excel™ (EMMTE) with human health risk assessment (HHRA) was developed to assess the source-oriented health risks for groundwater nitrate, particularly in the Poyang Lake Plain (PLP) region. The results indicated that the EMMTE and the Bayesian stable isotope mixing model (MixSIAR) exhibited remarkable consistency in source apportionment of groundwater nitrate. The source contribution of groundwater nitrate in PLP was related to land use types, hydrogeological conditions, and soil properties. Notably, manure and sewage sources, contributing up to 53.4 %, represented the largest nitrate pollution sources, with a significant contribution of soil nitrogen and nitrogen fertilizers. The non-carcinogenic risk for four potential sources was below the acceptable threshold of 1. Given the factors including rainfall dilution and economic development, attention should be directed towards mitigating the health risks posed by manure and sewage. This study can verify the efficacy of EMMTE in source apportionment and offer valuable insights for decision-makers to regulate the largest sources of nitrate contamination and enhance groundwater management efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Yao Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China.
| | - Yaojin Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Yamin Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Wuhan Center of China Geological Survey, Wuhan 430205, China.
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2
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Ballesté E, Liang H, Migliorato L, Sala‐Comorera L, Méndez J, Garcia‐Aljaro C. Exploring plastic biofilm formation and Escherichia coli colonisation in marine environments. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2024; 16:e13308. [PMID: 38924372 PMCID: PMC11196126 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms, including potential pathogens, can colonise plastic surfaces in aquatic environments. This study investigates the colonisation of plastic pellets by Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a proxy for faecal pathogens in aquatic environments. Plastic pellets from a polluted beach were placed in seawater aquaria spiked with E. coli. Diverse bacteria, primarily from the Proteobacteria phylum, rapidly colonised the pellets within 24 h, with notable species known for plastic or hydrocarbon degradation. Over 26 days, biofilms formed on the plastic surfaces, reaching bacterial populations of up to 6.8·105 gene copies (gc) of the 16S rRNA mm-2. E. coli, was detected in the pellets for up to 7 days using culture methods, exhibiting varying attachment densities regardless of source or environmental factors. The study highlights plastic biofilms as reservoirs for E. coli, contributing to the survival and persistence of faecal bacteria in aquatic systems. These findings deepen our understanding of the risks associated with plastic pollution in marine settings, offering insights into the behaviour of faecal indicators and their implications for water quality assessments, while providing valuable information on potential pathogen dissemination within plastic-associated microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisenda Ballesté
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Hongxia Liang
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- College of Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Municipal Ecological and Environmental Monitoring CenterBeijingChina
| | - Laura Migliorato
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Laura Sala‐Comorera
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Javier Méndez
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Cristina Garcia‐Aljaro
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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3
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He B, Li M, Zhao X, Zou H, Xu B, He J. Comparative study of the quick action effect of multiple enzyme-based nano-emulsified oils in enhancing nitrate contamination remediation in groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 257:119297. [PMID: 38824986 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Emulsified vegetable oil (EVO), as a novel green slow-releasing substrate, has performed great potential in subsurface bioremediation due to its slow release and longevity. Nevertheless, the long time it takes to initiate this process still exposed some limitations. Herein, multiple enzyme-based EVOs (EN-EVOs) were developed to enhance the quick-acting effect in nitrate-contaminated bioremediation. This study demonstrated that EN-EVOs loaded with cellulose (c-EVO) and protein enzymes (p-EVO) performed best, not only did not change the advantages of traditional EVO, but also optimized the stability and particle size to the level of 0.8-0.9 and 247.95-252.25 nm, respectively. Nitrate (NO3-N) degradation further confirmed the superiority of c-EVO in rapidly initiating degradation and achieving stable denitrification. Compared with traditional EVO, the maximum start-up efficiency and the rapid achieving stable denitrification efficiency were improved by 37.6% and 1.71 times, respectively. In such situation, the corresponding NO3-N removal efficiency, kinetics rate constant (k1), and half-life period (t1/2) reached as high as 85.39%, as quick as 1.079 d-1, and as short as 0.64 d after 30-day cultivation. Meanwhile, the rapid conversion efficiency of NO2-N was observed (k2 = 0.083 d-1). High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that the quick-acting process of NO3-N reduction coupled to c-EVO was mediated by microbial reducers (e.g., Ralstonia, Gulbenkiania, and Sphingobacterium) with regulations of narG, nirS and norB genes. Microorganisms with these genes could achieve quick-acting not only by enhancing microbial activity and the synthesis and metabolism of volatile fatty acids, but also by reducing the production and accumulation of loosely bound-extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS). These findings advance our understanding on fast-acting of NO3-N degradation supported by c-EVO and also offer a promising direction for groundwater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baonan He
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Conservation of Ministry of Water Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Meiying Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Conservation of Ministry of Water Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Xiejie Zhao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Hua Zou
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Baoshi Xu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Jiangtao He
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Conservation of Ministry of Water Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China.
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Huang X, Zhu Y, Lin H, She D, Li P, Lang M, Xia Y. High-frequency monitoring during rainstorm events reveals nitrogen sources and transport in a rural catchment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 362:121308. [PMID: 38823301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Rural areas lacking essential sewage treatment facilities and collection systems often experience eutrophication due to elevated nutrient loads. Understanding nitrogen (N) sources and transport mechanisms in rural catchments is crucial for improving water quality and mitigating downstream export loads, particularly during storm events. To further elucidate the sources, pathways, and transport mechanisms of N from a rural catchment with intensive agricultural activities during storm events, we conducted an analysis of 21 events through continuous sampling over two rainy seasons in a small rural catchment from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The results revealed that ammonia-N (NH4+-N) and nitrate-N (NO3--N) exhibited distinct behaviors during rainstorm events, with NO3--N accounting for the primary nitrogen loss, its load being approximately forty times greater than that of NH4+-N. Through examinations of the concentration-discharge (c-Q) relationships, the findings revealed that, particularly in prolonged rainstorms, NH4+-N exhibited source limited pattern (b = -0.13, P < 0.01), while NO3--N displayed transport limited pattern (b = -0.21, P < 0.01). The figure-eight hysteresis pattern was prevalent for both NH4+-N and NO3--N (38.1% and 52.0%, respectively), arising from intricate interactions among diverse sources and pathways. For NO3--N, the hysteresis pattern shifted from clockwise under short-duration rainstorms to counter-clockwise under long-duration rainstorms, whereas hysteresis remained consistently clockwise for NH4+-N. The hysteresis analysis further suggests that the duration of rainstorms modifies hydrological connectivity, thereby influencing the transport processes of N. These insights provide valuable information for the development of targeted management strategies to reduce storm nutrient export in rural catchments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Huang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Han Lin
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Dongli She
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Man Lang
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Yongqiu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 211135, China
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5
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Zhang Q, Wang H, Liu L, Zhai T, Zhang X. Multiple isotopes reveal the driving mechanism of high NO 3- level and key processes of nitrogen cycling in the lower reaches of Yellow River. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 138:597-606. [PMID: 38135423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The continuous increase of nitrate (NO3-) level in rivers is a hot issue in the world. However, the driving mechanism of high NO3- level in large rivers is still lacking, which has limited the use of river water and increased the cost of water treatment. In this study, multiple isotopes and source resolution models are applied to identify the driving mechanism of high NO3- level and key processes of nitrogen cycling in the lower reaches of the Yellow River (LRYR). The major sources of NO3- were sewage and manure (SAM) in the low-flow season and soil nitrogen (SN) and chemical fertilizer (CF) in the high-flow season. Nitrification was the most key process of nitrogen cycling in the LRYR. However, in the biological removal processes, denitrification may not occur significantly. The temporal variation of contributions of NO3- sources were estimated by a source resolution model in the LRYR. The proportional contributions of SAM and CF to NO3- in the low-flow and high-flow season were 32.5%-52.3%, 44.2%-46.2% and 36.0%-40.8%, 54.9%-56.9%, respectively. The driving mechanisms of high NO3- level were unreasonable sewage discharge, intensity rainfall runoff, nitrification and lack of nitrate removal capacity. To control the NO3- concentration, targeted measures should be implemented to improve the capacity of sewage and wastewater treatment, increase the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and construct ecological engineering. This study deepens the understanding of the driving mechanism of high nitrate level and provides a vital reference for nitrogen pollution control in rivers to other area of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Hebei and China Geological Survey Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Hebei 050061, China; Hebei Provincial Laboratory of Water Environmental Science, Hebei 050037, China; Hebei Provincial Academy of Ecological Environmental Science, Hebei 050037, China
| | - Huiwei Wang
- Hebei and China Geological Survey Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Hebei 050061, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Geo-Environmental Monitoring Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei 050011, China
| | - Tianlun Zhai
- Hebei and China Geological Survey Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Hebei 050061, China
| | - Xueqing Zhang
- Hebei and China Geological Survey Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Hebei 050061, China.
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6
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Wang L, Yin H, Li Y, Yang Z, Wang Y, Liu X. Prediction of microbial activity and abundance using interpretable machine learning models in the hyporheic zone of effluent-dominated receiving rivers. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 357:120627. [PMID: 38565034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Serving as a vital linkage between surface water and groundwater, the hyporheic zone (HZ) plays a fundamental role in improving water quality and maintaining ecological security. In arid or semi-arid areas, effluent discharge from wastewater treatment facilities could occupy a predominant proportion of the total base flow of receiving rivers. Nonetheless the relationship between microbial activity, abundance and environmental factors in the HZ of effluent-receiving rivers appear to be rarely addressed. In this study, a spatiotemporal field study was performed in two representative effluent-dominated receiving rivers in Xi'an, China. Land use data, physical and chemical water quality parameters of surface and subsurface water were used as predictive variables, while the microbial respiratory electron transport system activity (ETSA), the Chao1 and Shannon index of total microbial community, as well as the Chao1 and Shannon index of denitrifying bacteria community were used as response variables, while ETSA was used as response variables indicating ecological processes and Shannon and Chao1 were utilized as parameters indicating microbial diversity. Two machine learning models were utilized to provide evidence-based information on how environmental factors interact and drive microbial activity and abundance in the HZ at variable depths. The models with Chao1 and Shannon as response variables exhibited excellent predictive performances (R2: 0.754-0.81 and 0.783-0.839). Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) was the most important factor affecting the microbial functions, and an obvious threshold value of ∼2 mg/L was observed. Credible predictions of models with Chao1 and Shannon index of denitrifying bacteria community as response variables were detected (R2: 0.484-0.624 and 0.567-0.638), with soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) being the key influencing factor. Fe (Ⅱ) was favorable in predicting denitrifying bacteria community. The ESTA model highlighted the importance of total nitrogen in the ecological health monitoring in HZ. These findings provide novel insights in predicting microbial activity and abundance in highly-impacted areas such as the HZ of effluent-dominated receiving rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Haojie Yin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Zhengjian Yang
- College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, PR China.
| | - Yutao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Xianwei Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
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Yao J, Qi J, Sun J, Qian X, Chen J. Enhancement of nitrate reduction in microbial fuel cells by acclimating biocathode potential: Performance, microbial community, and mechanism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 398:130522. [PMID: 38437965 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The enhancement of nitrate reduction in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) by acclimating biocathode potential was studied. An MFC system was started up, and measured by cyclic voltammetry to determine a suitable potential region for acclimating biocathode. The experimental results revealed that potential acclimation could efficiently improve denitrification performance by relieving the phenomenon of nitrite accumulation, and optimum performance was obtained at -0.4 V with a total nitrogen removal efficiency of 87.4 %. Subsequently, the characteristics of electron transfer behaviors were measured, suggesting that a positive correlation between nitrate reduction and the contribution of direct electron transfer emerged. Furthermore, a denitrification mechanism was proposed. The results indicated that potential acclimation was conducive to enhancing denitrifying enzyme activity and that the electron transport system activity could be increased by 5.8 times. This study provides insight into the electron transfer characteristics and denitrification mechanisms in MFCs for nitrate reduction at specific acclimatization potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachao Yao
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Jiayi Qi
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Jiamo Sun
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Xiaofei Qian
- Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China; Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
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8
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Tian G, Kong Z, Zhang Y, Qiu L, Wang H, Yan Q. Simultaneous ammonia and nitrate removal by novel integrated partial denitrification-anaerobic ammonium oxidation-bioelectrochemical system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 396:130428. [PMID: 38341044 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The current study explored the performance of an integrated partial denitrification-anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox)-bioelectrochemical system on simultaneous removal of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. Different operational conditions were selected to optimize critical parameters of the process for improving nitrogen removal. The results indicated that more than 90 % of total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency was achieved under the optimal conditions: ammonia nitrogen/nitrate nitrogen ratio of 1:2, external resistance of 200 Ω and inoculation volume ratio of anammox bacteria/denitrifying at 2:1. Improved nitrogen removal under the optimal conditions were confirmed by microbial community changes (Candidatus Brocadia and Thiobacillus) and enhanced of nitrogen metabolism-related genes (hao, hzsA/C and hdh). Increases of Limnobacter indicated an enhanced electron transfer efficiency. Overall, high-efficiency and stable nitrogen removal efficiency without nitrite nitrogen accumulation could be achieved by the integrated system under the optimal conditions, providing novel insights for simultaneous treatment of domestic wastewater and groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengxu Tian
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ziang Kong
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Liwei Qiu
- Changzhou Cheff Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Han Wang
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Qun Yan
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou 215011, China
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9
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Wu Y, Liu H, Zhang H, Li Q. Sources and seasonal variations of nitrate in the coastal multiple-aquifer groundwater of Beihai, southern China. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2024; 262:104308. [PMID: 38301511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Elevated nitrate (NO3-) loadings in groundwater may cause health effects in drinking water and nutrient enrichment of aquatic ecosystems. To reveal the sources and seasonal variations of NO3- in the coastal groundwater of Beihai, southern China, we carried out hydrochemical and isotopic (δ15N-δ18O in NO3-) investigations in the summer and winter, respectively, concerning multiple-aquifer groundwater, rainwater, seawater, and surface water. The sources of the main elements present in the waters were interpreted by ionic ratios. NO3- sources were identified by combined use of the δ15N values and δ18O values or NO3-/Na+ molar ratios, with estimations of the proportional contribution by the Bayesian stable isotope mixing model. Denitrification was interpreted along the flow paths. The results show groundwater main elements are originated primarily from silicate weathering, and secondarily from anthropogenic inputs and carbonate dissolution. Its qualities are largely affected by seawater intrusion along the coastline. Because of difference in the predominant minerals within the aquifers and in scale and extent of seawater intrusion, the groundwater displays distinct ionic ratio characters. NO3- concentrations are up to 33.9 mg/L, with higher loadings in the plains relative to along the coastline. Soil N, domestic sewage, rainwater, chemical fertilizers, and algae are NO3- sources, with average proportional contributions of 0.255, 0.221, 0.207, 0.202, and 0.116, respectively. In relation to the winter, higher production of NO3- from nitrification of soil N- and algae-derived ammonium induced by higher temperatures in the summer accounts for increases in groundwater NO3- loadings. In the rural areas, elevated loadings of NO3- in the winter may be due to larger infiltration fractions of sewage. Seasonal variations of atmospheric NO3- deposition and farming may also cause the dynamics. Our results improve the understanding of sources and seasonal dynamics of NO3- in coastal groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wu
- Wuhan Center, China Geological Survey, 430205 Wuhan, China.
| | - Huaiqing Liu
- Wuhan Center, China Geological Survey, 430205 Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- Wuhan Center, China Geological Survey, 430205 Wuhan, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Wuhan Center, China Geological Survey, 430205 Wuhan, China.
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10
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Hermawan OR, Hosono T, Yasumoto J, Yasumoto K, Song KH, Maruyama R, Iijima M, Yasumoto-Hirose M, Takada R, Hijikawa K, Shinjo R. Mechanism of denitrification in subsurface-dammed Ryukyu limestone aquifer, southern Okinawa Island, Japan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169457. [PMID: 38135078 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Denitrification crucially regulates the attenuation of groundwater nitrate and is unlikely to occur in a fast-flowing aquifer such as the Ryukyu limestone aquifer in southern Okinawa Island, Japan. However, evidences of denitrification have been observed in several wells within this region. This study analyzed environmental isotopes (δ15NNO3 and ẟ18ONO3) to derive the rationale for denitrification at this site. Additionally, the presence of two subsurface dams in the study area may influence the processes involved in nitrate attenuation. Herein, we analyzed 150 groundwater samples collected spatially and seasonally to characterize the variations in the groundwater chemistry and stable isotopes during denitrification. The values of δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3 displayed a progressive trend up to +59.7 ‰ and + 21 ‰, respectively, whereas the concentrations of NO3--N decreased to 0.1 mg L-1. In several wells, the enrichment factors of δ15NNO3 ranged from -6.6 to -2.1, indicating rapid denitrification, and the δ15NNO3 to δ18ONO3 ratios varied from 1.3:1 to 2:1, confirming the occurrence of denitrification. Denitrification intensively proceeds under conditions of depleted dissolved oxygen concentrations (<2 mg L-1), sluggish groundwater flow with longer residence times, high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (>1.2 mg L-1), and low groundwater levels during the dry season with precipitation rates of <100 mm per month (Jun-Sep). SF6 analysis indicated the exclusive occurrence of denitrification in specific wells with groundwater residence times exceeding 30 years. These wells are located in close proximity to the major NE-SW fault system in the Komesu area, where the hydraulic gradient was below 0.005. Detailed geological and lithological investigations based on borehole data revealed that subsurface dams did not cause denitrification while the major NE-SW fault system uplifted the impermeable basement rock of the Shimajiri Group, creating a lithological gap at an equivalent depth that ultimately formed a sluggish groundwater area, promoting denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oktanius Richard Hermawan
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Hosono
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan; Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan
| | - Jun Yasumoto
- Department of Regional Agriculture Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, 1-Senbaru, Nakagami District, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Ko Yasumoto
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Ke-Han Song
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1-Senbaru, Nakagami District, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Rio Maruyama
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Mariko Iijima
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 7, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan
| | | | - Ryogo Takada
- Center for Strategic Research Projects, University of the Ryukyus, 1-Senbaru, Nakagami District, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Kento Hijikawa
- Department of Regional Agriculture Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, 1-Senbaru, Nakagami District, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; Overseas Land Improvement Cooperation Office, Rural Development Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries of Japan, 1-2-1 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda, Tokyo 100-8950, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Shinjo
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1-Senbaru, Nakagami District, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
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11
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Xie F, Cai G, Li G, Li H, Chen X, Liu Y, Zhang W, Zhang J, Zhao X, Tang Z. Basin-wide tracking of nitrate cycling in Yangtze River through dual isotope and machine learning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169656. [PMID: 38157890 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The nitrate (NO3-) input has adversely affected the water quality and ecological function in the whole basin of the Yangtze River. The protection of water sources and implementation of "great protection of Yangtze River" policy require large-scale information on water contamination. In this study, dual isotope and Bayesian mixing model were used to research the transformation and sources of nitrate. Chemical fertilizers contribute 76 % of the nitrate sources in the upstream, while chemical fertilizers were also dominant in the midstream (39 %) and downstream (39 %) of Yangtze River. In addition, nitrification process occurred in the whole basin. Four machine learning models were used to relate nitrate concentrations to explanatory variables describing influence factors to predict nitrate concentrations in the whole basin of Yangtze River. The anthropogenic and natural factors, such as rainfall, GDP and population were chosen to take as predictor variables. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model for nitrate has a better predictive performance with an R2 of 0.74. The predictive models of nitrate concentrations will help identify the nitrate distribution and transport in the whole Yangtze River basin. Overall, this study represents the first basin-wide data-driven assessment of the nitrate cycling in the Yangtze River basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazhi Xie
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Gege Cai
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Guolian Li
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Haibin Li
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Xing Chen
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Yun Liu
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Jiamei Zhang
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China.
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Zhi Tang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
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12
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Guo M, Lu X, Qiao S. Nitrate removal by anammox bacteria utilizing photoexcited electrons via inward extracellular electron transfer channel. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 250:121059. [PMID: 38176322 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) has been found to occur in some anammox bacteria species, and the DNRA metabolites (nitrite and ammonium) can further be removed to nitrogen from water. However, the activation of DNRA pathway of anammox bacteria is usually limited by the access to electron donors. Herein, we constructed a photosensitized hybrid system combining anammox bacteria (Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis and Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans) with CdS nanoparticles semiconductor for energy-efficient NO3- removal. Such photosensitized anammox-CdS hybrid systems achieved NO3- removal with an average efficiency of 88% (the maximum of 91%) and a N2 selectivity of 72%, only with photoexcited electrons as donors. The DNRA-anammox metabolism of anammox bacteria was proved to responsible for NO3- removal via inward extracellular electron transfer channel. The greatly up-regulated genes encoding c-type cytochrome proteins (5 or 11 hemes) in the outer membrane, c-type cytochrome protein (4 hemes) and electron transport protein RnfA-E in the inner membrane, ferredoxin (2Fe-2S) in the cytoplasm and c-type cytochrome bc1 in anammoxosome membrane were supposed to play key roles in the inward extracellular electron transfer pathway. This work provides a novel insight into the design of the biotic-abiotic hybrid photosynthetic systems, and opens a new strategy for light-driven NO3- removal from the perspective of light energy input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Xin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Sen Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China.
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13
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Mahmoodi A, Hosseinzadehsadati SB, Kermani HM, Nick HM. On the benefits of desulfated seawater flooding in mature hydrocarbon fields. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166732. [PMID: 37659536 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Removal of sulfate from the injection seawater (desulfation) in hydrocarbon reservoirs is a Modified Salinity Water (MSW) flooding method that mitigates microbial reservoir souring, improves oil recovery, and enables produced-water re-injection (PWRI). Aside from the Improved Oil Recovery (IOR) effect, desulfation results in a cleaner production of oil through enabling PWRI and reducing the environmental impacts associated with reservoir souring and nitrate treatment. However, whether desulfation is still beneficial for mature fields, after years of the injection of untreated seawater, is a valid common concern. In such cases, sulfate concentration inside the reservoir has already increased due to years of untreated seawater injection. The high sulfate concentration inside the subsurface reservoir before desulfated water flooding may render desulfation pointless. The present study investigates the potential benefits of desulfation after around 20 years of untreated seawater injection in a sector of an oil field in the Danish North Sea. The results show that depending on the cessation of production point in time and the efficiency of residual oil saturation reduction of MSW flooding, desulfation results in a significant increase in oil production. Even if improving oil recovery is no longer a priority, modification of injected seawater would still help reduce the amount of water required to support a given oil production rate. Moreover, desulfation is considerably more effective than nitrate treatment in mitigating microbial reservoir souring. Furthermore, the possibility of scale formation is decreased considerably due to desulfation, which further encourages PWRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mahmoodi
- Danish Offshore Technology Centre (DTU-Offshore), Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Denmark.
| | - S B Hosseinzadehsadati
- Danish Offshore Technology Centre (DTU-Offshore), Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Denmark
| | - H M Kermani
- Danish Offshore Technology Centre (DTU-Offshore), Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Denmark
| | - H M Nick
- Danish Offshore Technology Centre (DTU-Offshore), Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Denmark
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14
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Su H, Li H, Chen H, Li Z, Zhang S. Source identification and potential health risks of fluoride and nitrate in groundwater of a typical alluvial plain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166920. [PMID: 37689194 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the role of natural and anthropogenic factors in groundwater pollution is essential for sustainable groundwater resource management, especially in alluvial plains with intensive anthropogenic activities. Numerous studies have focused on the contribution of individual factors on groundwater pollution in alluvial aquifers, but distinguishing the effects of natural and anthropogenic factors is limited. In this study, 64 wells were sampled in different seasons from the Yellow River alluvial plain in China for hydrochemical and isotopic analysis to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution, sources and health risks of fluoride and nitrate in alluvial aquifers. Results showed that fluoride contamination was widely distributed without significant seasonal variation, and 78.1 % of the dry season samples and 65.6 % of the wet season samples showed fluoride concentrations above the permissible limit (1.5 mg/L). High-F- groundwater was generally accompanied by Na-HCO3 and Na-HCO3·SO4 water types. Fluoride was from a natural origin mainly associated with mineral dissolution, competitive adsorption, cation exchange, and evaporation. Groundwater nitrate contamination was spatially sporadic and showed significant seasonal differences. Only 13.6 % of the dry season samples and 3.2 % of the wet season samples had NO3- concentrations exceeded the permissible limit of 50 mg/L. The hydrochemical phase evolved from bicarbonate or sulfate type to chloride type with increasing nitrate concentration. Manure and sewage attributed to agricultural activities contributed the most nitrogen to groundwater, followed by soil organic nitrogen and chemical fertilizers, revealing the anthropogenic origin of nitrate. Nitrification was the dominant nitrogen transformation process in the wet season, and denitrification was prevalent in the dry season. Oral ingestion of high fluoride groundwater was a major threat to human health, especially for infants. This study provided a significant reference for water resources management in alluvial aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Su
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Shanxi Transportation Technology Research & Development Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030032, China.
| | - He Li
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Shandong Provincial Lunan Geology and Exploration Institute, Jining 272100, China
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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15
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Herojeet R, Dewangan RK, Naik PK, Verma JR. Probabilistic modelling is superior to deterministic approaches in the human health risk assessment: an example from a tribal stretch in central India. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19351. [PMID: 37935700 PMCID: PMC10630383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This case drew national attention in 2018. About 100 people died and more than 300 hospitalized in a span of few years in a village of 1200 people in a tribal stretch in central India. Medical teams visiting the area reported severe renal failure and blamed the local eating and drinking habits as causative factors. This human health assessment based on geochemical investigations finds nitrate (NO3-) and fluoride (F-) pollution as well in village's groundwater. Both deterministic and probabilistic techniques are employed to decipher the contamination pathways and extent of contamination. Source apportionments of NO3- and F- and their relationship with other ions in groundwater are carried out through chemometric modelling. Latent factors controlling the hydrogeochemistry of groundwater too are explored. While hazard quotients ([Formula: see text]) of the chemical parameters ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) identify ingestion as the prominent pathway, the calculated risk certainty levels (RCL) of the hazard index (HI) values above unity are compared between the deterministic and probabilistic approaches. Deterministic model overestimates the HI values and magnify the contamination problems. Probabilistic model gives realistic results that stand at infants ([Formula: see text] = 34.03%, [Formula: see text] = 24.17%) > children ([Formula: see text] = 23.01%, [Formula: see text] = 10.56%) > teens ([Formula: see text] = 13.17%, [Formula: see text] = 2.00%) > adults ([Formula: see text] = 11.62%, [Formula: see text] = 1.25%). Geochemically, about 90% of the samples are controlled by rock-water interaction with Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3- (~ 56%) as the dominant hydrochemical facies. Chemometric modelling confirms Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, F-, and SO42- to originate from geogenic sources, Cl- and NO3- from anthropogenic inputs and Na+ and K+ from mixed factors. The area needs treated groundwater for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Herojeet
- Department of Environmental Studies, Post Graduate Government College, Sector-11, Chandigarh, 160011, India
| | - Rakesh K Dewangan
- Central Ground Water Board, North Central Chhattisgarh Region, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Govt. of India, LK Corporates Tower, Dumartarai, Dhamtari Road, Raipur, 492015, India
| | - Pradeep K Naik
- Central Ground Water Board, North Central Chhattisgarh Region, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Govt. of India, LK Corporates Tower, Dumartarai, Dhamtari Road, Raipur, 492015, India.
- Centre for Hydrological Sciences and Communication, Bhubaneswar, India.
| | - Janak R Verma
- Central Ground Water Board, North Central Chhattisgarh Region, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Govt. of India, LK Corporates Tower, Dumartarai, Dhamtari Road, Raipur, 492015, India
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16
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Li S, Luo Z, Wang S, Nan Q, Ji G. Denitrification fractionates N and O isotopes of nitrate following a ratio independent of carbon sources in freshwaters. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:2404-2415. [PMID: 37503781 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The stable isotope technique has been used in tracking nitrogen cycling processes, but the isotopic characteristics are influenced by environmental conditions. To better understand the variability of nitrate isotopes in nature, we investigated the influence of organic carbon sources on isotope fractionation characteristics during microbial denitrification. Denitrifying cultures were inoculated with freshwater samples and enriched with five forms of organic compounds, that is, acetate, citrate, glucose, cellobiose, and leucine. Though the isotope enrichment factors of nitrogen and oxygen (15 ε and 18 ε) changed with carbon sources, 18 ε/15 ε always followed a proportionality near 1. Genome-centred metagenomics revealed the enrichment of a few populations, such as Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, and Atlantibacter, most of which contained both NapA- and NarG-type nitrate reductases. Metatranscriptome showed that both NapA and NarG were expressed but to different extents in the enrichments. Furthermore, isotopic data collected from a deep reservoir was analysed. The results showed δ18 O- and δ15 N-nitrate did not correlate in the surface water where nitrification was active, but 18 ε/15 ε followed a proportionality of 1.05 ± 011 in deeper waters (≥ 12 m) where denitrification controlled the nitrate isotope. The independence of 18 ε/15 ε from carbon sources provides an opportunity to determine heterotrophic denitrification and helps the interpretation of nitrate isotopes in freshwaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Zhongxin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China
- National Research Center for Sustainable Hydropower Development, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Nan
- Institute of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, College of Environment and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guodong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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17
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Liu X, Li P, Wang H, Han LL, Yang K, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Cui L, Kao SJ. Nitrogen fixation and diazotroph diversity in groundwater systems. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:2023-2034. [PMID: 37715043 PMCID: PMC10579273 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01513-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), the conversion of N2 into bioavailable nitrogen (N), is the main process for replenishing N loss in the biosphere. However, BNF in groundwater systems remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the activity, abundance, and community composition of diazotrophs in groundwater in the Hetao Plain of Inner Mongolia using 15N tracing methods, reverse transcription qPCR (RT-qPCR), and metagenomic/metatranscriptomic analyses. 15N2 tracing incubation of near in situ groundwater (9.5-585.4 nmol N L-1 h-1) and N2-fixer enrichment and isolates (13.2-1728.4 nmol N g-1 h-1, as directly verified by single-cell resonance Raman spectroscopy), suggested that BNF is a non-negligible source of N in groundwater in this region. The expression of nifH genes ranged from 3.4 × 103 to 1.2 × 106 copies L-1 and was tightly correlated with dissolved oxygen (DO), Fe(II), and NH4+. Diazotrophs in groundwater were chiefly aerobes or facultative anaerobes, dominated by Stutzerimonas, Pseudomonas, Paraburkholderia, Klebsiella, Rhodopseudomonas, Azoarcus, and additional uncultured populations. Active diazotrophs, which prefer reducing conditions, were more metabolically diverse and potentially associated with nitrification, sulfur/arsenic mobilization, Fe(II) transport, and CH4 oxidation. Our results highlight the importance of diazotrophs in subsurface geochemical cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Helin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Li-Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Kai Yang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Zhou Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Li Cui
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Shuh-Ji Kao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
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18
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Monteiro S, Machado-Moreira B, Linke R, Blanch AR, Ballesté E, Méndez J, Maunula L, Oristo S, Stange C, Tiehm A, Farnleitner AH, Santos R, García-Aljaro C. Performance of bacterial and mitochondrial qPCR source tracking methods: A European multi-center study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 253:114241. [PMID: 37611533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of molecular biology diagnostics, different quantitative PCR assays have been developed for use in Source Tracking (ST), with none of them showing 100% specificity and sensitivity. Most studies have been conducted at a regional level and mainly in fecal slurry rather than in animal wastewater. The use of a single molecular assay has most often proven to fall short in discriminating with precision the sources of fecal contamination. This work is a multicenter European ST study to compare bacterial and mitochondrial molecular assays and was set to evaluate the efficiency of nine previously described qPCR assays targeting human-, cow/ruminant-, pig-, and poultry-associated fecal contamination. The study was conducted in five European countries with seven fecal indicators and nine ST assays being evaluated in a total of 77 samples. Animal fecal slurry samples and human and non-human wastewater samples were analyzed. Fecal indicators measured by culture and qPCR were generally ubiquitous in the samples. The ST qPCR markers performed at high levels in terms of quantitative sensitivity and specificity demonstrating large geographical application. Sensitivity varied between 73% (PLBif) and 100% for the majority of the tested markers. On the other hand, specificity ranged from 53% (CWMit) and 97% (BacR). Animal-associated ST qPCR markers were generally detected in concentrations greater than those found for the respective human-associated qPCR markers, with mean concentration for the Bacteroides qPCR markers varying between 8.74 and 7.22 log10 GC/10 mL for the pig and human markers, respectively. Bacteroides spp. and mitochondrial DNA qPCR markers generally presented higher Spearman's rank coefficient in the pooled fecal samples tested, particularly the human fecal markers with a coefficient of 0.79. The evaluation of the performance of Bacteroides spp., mitochondrial DNA and Bifidobacterium spp. ST qPCR markers support advanced pollution monitoring of impaired aquatic environments, aiming to elaborate strategies for target-oriented water quality management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Monteiro
- Laboratório de Análises, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal; CERIS, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, EN. 10, 2695-066, Bobadela, Portugal.
| | - Bernardino Machado-Moreira
- Laboratório de Análises, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Linke
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics 166/5/3, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstr. 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anicet R Blanch
- Dept. Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elisenda Ballesté
- Dept. Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Javier Méndez
- Dept. Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Leena Maunula
- Dept. Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Oristo
- Dept. Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Claudia Stange
- Dept. Water Microbiology, DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser, Germany
| | - Andreas Tiehm
- Dept. Water Microbiology, DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser, Germany
| | - Andreas H Farnleitner
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Microbiology and Molecular Diagnostics 166/5/3, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstr. 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria; Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Research Division Water Quality and Health, Dr.- Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Ricardo Santos
- Laboratório de Análises, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal; CERIS, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, EN. 10, 2695-066, Bobadela, Portugal
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19
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When nitrate treatment wins the battle against microbial reservoir souring but loses the war. Ecol Modell 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2023.110329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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20
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Tyre KN, Brewton RA, Kreiger LB, Lapointe BE. Widespread human waste pollution in surface waters observed throughout the urbanized, coastal communities of Lee County, Florida, USA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:162716. [PMID: 36921859 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The coastal communities of Lee County, Florida, USA have grown rapidly since the 1970s. In this county, drainage ditches, canals, creeks, and the Caloosahatchee River Estuary often have high concentrations of nutrients and bacteria limiting their designated uses. Septic systems have previously been identified as a major pollution source in some areas of Lee County; therefore, this study sought to identify the extent of this issue throughout the county. To accomplish this, surface water samples were collected at 25 ditch, creek, or canal sites suspected of human waste contamination from septic systems in various drainage basins throughout Lee County during January 2020-January 2021. Water samples were analyzed for nutrients, dual stable nitrate isotopes (δ15N-NO3-, δ18O-NO3-), fecal indicator bacteria (enterococci, Escherichia coli), a molecular tracer of human waste (HF183), and chemical tracers of human waste (the artificial sweetener sucralose, pharmaceuticals). Particulate organic matter (POM) and macrophytes were also collected and analyzed for stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes, as well as elemental composition (C:N:P). To broaden the assessment of stable isotope values and C:N:P, archived macrophyte samples from 2019 were also included in analyses. Ammonium concentrations were high (> 4.3 μM) in 55 % of samples. Fecal bacteria were high in 66 % of samples. HF183 was detected in 50 % of samples and positively correlated with enterococci (r = 0.32). Sucralose concentrations were high (> 380 ng/L) in 54 % of samples, while carbamazepine was detected in 40 % of samples. Human waste N sources were indicated by δ15N > 3.00 ‰ at 44 % of sites by δ15N-NO3-, 68 % of sites by POM, and at 100 % of sites where macrophyte samples were collected. This large-scale study provides evidence of widespread human waste pollution throughout Lee County and can help guide infrastructure improvements to promote sustainable development. These findings should be applicable to urbanized regions globally that are experiencing declines in water quality and harmful algal blooms due to development with inadequate infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin N Tyre
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 N US Highway 1, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, United States of America; Geosyntec Consultants, 3504 Lake Lynda Dr., Suite 155, Orlando, FL 32817, United States of America
| | - Rachel A Brewton
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 N US Highway 1, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, United States of America.
| | - Lisa B Kreiger
- Lee County Department of Natural Resources, 1500 Monroe Street, Fort Myers, FL 33901, United States of America
| | - Brian E Lapointe
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 N US Highway 1, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, United States of America
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21
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Li H, Xue S, Cao F, Gao C, Wei Q, Li R, Zhou A, Wang S, Yue X. Enhanced nitrate reduction by metal deposited g-C 3N 4/rGO/TiO 2 Z-schematic photocatalysts: Performance and mechanism comparison of Pd-Cu and Ag. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 325:138336. [PMID: 36921773 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of bimetals on Z-scheme photocatalysts has been reported to improve the nitrate nitrogen (NO3-) reduction properties. However, it is not clear whether bimetal deposition possesses advantage over single metal deposition and what is the different reaction mechanisms. In this work, the g-C3N4(Pd-Cu)/rGO/TiO2 and g-C3N4(Ag)/rGO/TiO2 composites with bimetallic Pd-Cu and single metal Ag deposited on the graphitic carbon nitride/reduced graphene oxide/titanium dioxide (g-C3N4/rGO/TiO2) Z-scheme photocatalyst were prepared, and their photocatalytic NO3- reduction properties and the mechanisms under visible light irradiation were studied. The results showed that the NO3- and total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies of g-C3N4(Pd-Cu)/rGO/TiO2 were 57.78% and 20.1%, respectively, 1.15 and 1.72 times higher than those of g-C3N4(Ag)/rGO/TiO2. This can be ascribed to that Pd-Cu enriched more electrons and absorbed more NO3- molecules due to the different charge densities, and the NO3- reduction process were enhanced by the staged NO3-→NO2- and NO2-→N2/NH4+ processes on Cu and Pd. The effects of reductive species were demonstrated to be photogenerated electrons > ·OH (·CO2-) > ·O2- in g-C3N4(Ag)/rGO/TiO2, while it was photogenerated electrons > ·O2- > ·OH (·CO2-) in g-C3N4(Pd-Cu)/rGO/TiO2, which may be caused by the better O2 reduction property of the latter. Finally, the cyclic experiment proved the good stability of both materials. This work provided some reference for design of metal deposited Z-scheme photocatalysts for various reduction reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houfen Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
| | - Shuai Xue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Fang Cao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Cong Gao
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Qian Wei
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Aijuan Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Sufang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Xiuping Yue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
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Zhang L, Ma X, Li Q, Cui H, Shi K, Wang H, Zhang Y, Gao S, Li Z, Wang AJ, Liang B. Complementary Biotransformation of Antimicrobial Triclocarban Obviously Mitigates Nitrous Oxide Emission toward Sustainable Microbial Denitrification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7490-7502. [PMID: 37053517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable nitrogen cycle is an essential biogeochemical process that ensures ecosystem safety and byproduct greenhouse gas nitrous oxide reduction. Antimicrobials are always co-occurring with anthropogenic reactive nitrogen sources. However, their impacts on the ecological safety of microbial nitrogen cycle remain poorly understood. Here, a denitrifying bacterial strain Paracoccus denitrificans PD1222 was exposed to a widespread broad-spectrum antimicrobial triclocarban (TCC) at environmental concentrations. The denitrification was hindered by TCC at 25 μg L-1 and was completely inhibited once the TCC concentration exceeded 50 μg L-1. Importantly, the accumulation of N2O at 25 μg L-1 of TCC was 813 times as much as the control group without TCC, which attributed to the significantly downregulated expression of nitrous oxide reductase and the genes related to electron transfer, iron, and sulfur metabolism under TCC stress. Interestingly, combining TCC-degrading denitrifying Ochrobactrum sp. TCC-2 with strain PD1222 promoted the denitrification process and mitigated N2O emission by 2 orders of magnitude. We further consolidated the importance of complementary detoxification by introducing a TCC-hydrolyzing amidase gene tccA from strain TCC-2 into strain PD1222, which successfully protected strain PD1222 against the TCC stress. This study highlights an important link between TCC detoxification and sustainable denitrification and suggests a necessity to assess the ecological risks of antimicrobials in the context of climate change and ecosystem safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaodan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hanlin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ke Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shuhong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ai-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Bin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Wang H, Liang J, Huo P, Zhang L, Fan X, Sun S. Understanding the cadmium passivation and nitrogen mineralization of aminated lignin in soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162334. [PMID: 36813204 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aminated lignin (AL) was prepared and first applied to remediation of cadmium (Cd) pollution in soil. Meanwhile, the nitrogen mineralization characteristics of AL in soil and its effect on soil physicochemical properties were elucidated by soil incubation experiment. The results showed that the Cd availability was dramatically lowered in soil by adding the AL. The DTPA-extractable Cd content of AL treatments was considerably reduced by 40.7-71.4 %. The soil pH (5.77-7.01) and absolute value of zeta potential (30.7-34.7 mV) enhanced simultaneously as the AL additions increased. The content of soil organic matter (SOM) (99.0-264.0 %) and total nitrogen (95.9-301.3 %) were gradually enhanced due to high C (63.31 %) and N (9.69 %) content in AL. Moreover, AL significantly elevated the content of mineral nitrogen (77.2-142.4 %) and available nitrogen (95.5-301.7 %). The first-order kinetic equation of soil nitrogen mineralization revealed that AL greatly enhanced nitrogen mineralization potential (84.7-143.9 %) and reduced environmental pollution by lowering the loss of soil inorganic nitrogen. AL could effectively reduce the availability of Cd through direct (self-adsorption) and indirect effects (improvement of soil pH, SOM and reduction of soil zeta potential), thereby achieving passivation of Cd in soil. In short, this work will develop a novel approach and technical support for soil heavy metal remediation, which is of great significance for improving the sustainable development of agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jiamin Liang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Pengju Huo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Lidan Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Shaolong Sun
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
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24
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Jin Z, Xiao J, Ye H, Fu G, Li G, Wu W, Li F. Determination of nitrogen sources and losses in surface runoff from different lands at a watershed scale. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:63052-63064. [PMID: 36952168 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) loss by surface runoff inevitably results in severe N pollution and eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, surface runoff from different land uses in the East Tiaoxi River watershed was collected, and the N concentrations, sources and losses were measured using the dual isotope (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-), a Bayesian isotopic mixing (SIAR) model and Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method. The results showed that the N concentrations in surface runoff from agricultural lands were higher than those from urban areas and forestlands, and nitrate (NO3-), particulate nitrogen (PN) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) were the major forms of N in surface runoff in the East Tiaoxi River watershed. The total loss rate of total nitrogen (TN) from surface runoff in the East Tiaoxi River watershed was 5.38 kg·ha-1·a-1, with NO3--N (46%) contributing the most to TN loss. The TN, and NO3--N loss rates in surface runoff from tea planting lands (21.08 kg·ha-1·a-1, 11.98 kg·ha-1·a-1) and croplands (16.93 kg·ha-1·a-1, 10.96 kg·ha-1·a-1) were high, those from vegetable lands and urban areas were medium, and those from economic and natural forestlands were low in the East Tiaoxi River watershed. The NO3--N contributions of chemical fertiliser (CF), soil N (SN), sewage/manure (SM), and atmospheric deposition (AD) in surface runoff in the East Tiaoxi River watershed were 124.32 × 103, 104.84 × 103, 82.25 × 103 and 58.69 × 103 kg·a-1, respectively. The N pollutant losses in surface runoff from agricultural lands (croplands with rice growing, vegetable lands and tea planting lands) were responsible for most of the N pollutants being transported into the East Tiaoxi River systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanfang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
| | - Jiazheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Hongyu Ye
- Zhejiang Academy of Ecological Environmental Design and Research, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Guowei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Guangyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Wangbin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Feili Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
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25
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Cao X, He W, He W, Shi Y, An T, Wang X, Liu F, Zhao Y, Zhou P, Chen C, He J. EMMTE: An Excel VBA tool for source apportionment of nitrate based on the stable isotope mixing model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161728. [PMID: 36681342 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dual nitrate stable isotopes combined with end-member mixing models are typically used to identify nitrate sources in fields of geochemistry and environmental science, which helps to quantitively depict the geochemical behaviors of nitrate and accurately control the sources of nitrate pollution in waters. Recently, various models with different computation principles, working efficiency, and operation difficulty have been developed and applied in the source apportionment of nitrate. In this paper, an end-member mixing model tool on Excel™, namely EMMTE, has been written with Visual Basic for Application (VBA) and built into a macro-enabled Excel™ spreadsheet. Monte Carlo simulation and constraint relative deviation between the observed and the predicted values were included in the working algorithm to solve the mass balance equation. After comparison with the internationally recognized Bayesian framework (mixing stable isotope analysis in R, MixSIAR) in different cases (three practical cases and one virtual case), the preliminary results showed that the contribution of various sources to groundwater nitrate calculated by EMMTE was highly consistent with that by MixSIAR and the performance of EMMTE seemed to be as good as that of MixSIAR as indicated by the higher goodness-of-prediction, lower root-mean-square error, and lower relative deviation. Therefore, EMMTE is applicable in the source apportionment of groundwater nitrate, and might also be extended to other water bodies and mixtures. It provides a simple, feasible, and user-friendly for front-line workers without experience with MixSIAR to quantitively source apportionment of nitrate in waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cao
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei He
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Wei He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Tongyan An
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiange Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pengpeng Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cuibai Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiangtao He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
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26
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Biddau R, Dore E, Da Pelo S, Lorrai M, Botti P, Testa M, Cidu R. Geochemistry, stable isotopes and statistic tools to estimate threshold and source of nitrate in groundwater (Sardinia, Italy). WATER RESEARCH 2023; 232:119663. [PMID: 36796152 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the European Union, nitrate vulnerable zone (NVZ) should be designed for the mitigation of nitrate (NO3-) contamination caused by agricultural practices. Before establishing new NVZ, the sources of NO3- must be recognized. A geochemical and multiple stable isotopes approach (hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and boron) and statistical tools were applied to define the geochemical characteristics of groundwater (60 samples), calculate the local NO3- threshold and assess potential sources of NO3- contamination in two study areas (hereafter Northern and Southern), located in a Mediterranean environment (Sardinia, Italy). Results of the integrated approach applied to two case study, permits to highlight the strengths of integrating geochemical and statistical methods to provide nitrate source identification as a reference by decision makers to remediate and mitigate nitrate contamination in groundwater. Hydrogeochemical features in the two study areas were similar: near neutral to slightly alkaline pH, electrical conductivity in the range of 0.3 to 3.9 mS/cm, and chemical composition ranging from Ca-HCO3- at low salinity to Na-Cl- at high salinity. Concentrations of NO3- in groundwater were in the range of 1 to 165 mg/L, whereas the nitrogen reduced species were negligible, except few samples having NH4+ up to 2 mg/L. Threshold values in the studied groundwater samples were between 4.3 and 6.6 mg/L NO3-, which was in agreement with previous estimates in Sardinian groundwater. Values of δ34S and δ18OSO4 of SO42- in groundwater samples indicated different sources of SO42-. Sulfur isotopic features attributed to marine SO42- were consistent with groundwater circulation in marine-derived sediments. Other source of SO42- were recognize due to the oxidation of sulfide minerals, to fertilizers, manure, sewage fields, and SO42- derived from a mix of different sources. Values of δ15N and δ18ONO3 of NO3- in groundwater samples indicated different biogeochemical processes and NO3- sources. Nitrification and volatilization processes might have occurred at very few sites, and denitrification was likely to occur at specific sites. Mixing among various NO3- sources in different proportions might account for the observed NO3- concentrations and the nitrogen isotopic compositions. The SIAR modeling results showed a prevalent NO3- source from sewage/manure. The δ11B signatures in groundwater indicated the manure to be the predominant NO3- source, whereas NO3- from sewage was recognized at few sites. Geographic areas showing either a predominant process or a defined NO3- source where not recognize in the studied groundwater. Results indicate widespread contamination of NO3- in the cultivated plain of both areas. Point sources of contamination, due to agricultural practices and/or inadequate management of livestock and urban wastes, were likely to occur at specific sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Biddau
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Blocco A - Monserrato, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Dore
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Blocco A - Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Stefania Da Pelo
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Blocco A - Monserrato, Italy
| | - Mario Lorrai
- Regione Autonoma della Sardegna-ADIS-Servizio tutela e gestione delle risorse idriche, via Mameli 88, 09100, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Botti
- Regione Autonoma della Sardegna-ADIS-Servizio tutela e gestione delle risorse idriche, via Mameli 88, 09100, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Testa
- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente della Sardegna - Servizio Controlli, Monitoraggi e Valutazione Ambientale della Direzione Tecnico Scientifica, via Carloforte, 09100, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rosa Cidu
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Blocco A - Monserrato, Italy
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Alibakhshi A, Steffen J, Pinilla C, Hartke B. Comparison of Implicit and Explicit Solvent Approaches in Ab Initio Evaluation of Thermochemistry in Solution: Application in Studying Boron Isotope Fractionation in Water. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:2503-2510. [PMID: 36917555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of thermochemistry in solution plays a key role in numerous fields. For this task, the solvent effects are commonly included in theoretical computations based on either implicit or explicit solvent approaches. In the present study, we evaluate and compare the performance of some of the most widely applied methods based on these two approaches. For studying the solvent effect on thermochemistry with an explicit solvent, we demonstrate that partial normal mode analysis with frozen geometry of solvent molecules for multiple solute-solvent configurations can yield quite accurate and reliable results for a drastically reduced computational cost. As a case study, we consider the evaluation of the equilibrium constant for the boron isotope exchange between boric acid and borate (k3-4) in pure and saline water which is of high geochemical importance. Employing three different rigorous and high-precision theoretical approaches, we provide a reliable estimation of k3-4 which is a value within 1.028 to 1.030 for both pure and saline water which is in excellent agreement with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Alibakhshi
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Olshausenstr. 40, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Theoretical Chemistry, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Julien Steffen
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Olshausenstr. 40, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Carlos Pinilla
- Departamento de Física y Geociencias, Universidad del Norte, Km 5 via Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla 080020, Colombia
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close Road, BS8 1TS Bristol, U.K
| | - Bernd Hartke
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Olshausenstr. 40, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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28
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Kaown D, Koh DC, Mayer B, Mahlknecht J, Ju Y, Rhee SK, Kim JH, Park DK, Park I, Lee HL, Yoon YY, Lee KK. Estimation of nutrient sources and fate in groundwater near a large weir-regulated river using multiple isotopes and microbial signatures. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 446:130703. [PMID: 36587594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The excessive input of nutrients into groundwater can accelerate eutrophication in associated surface water systems. This study combined hydrogeochemistry, multi isotope tracers, and microbiological data to estimate nutrient sources and the effects of groundwater-surface water interactions on the spatiotemporal variation of nutrients in groundwater connected to a large weir-regulated river in South Korea. δ11B and δ15N-NO3- values, in combination with a Bayesian mixing model, revealed that manure and sewage contributed 40 % and 25 % respectively to groundwater nitrate, and 42 % and 27 % to nitrate in surface water during the wet season. In the dry season, the source apportionment was similar for groundwater while the sewage contribution increased to 52 % of nitrate in river water. River water displayed a high correlation between NO3- concentration and cyanobacteria (Microcystis and Prochlorococcus) in the wet season. The mixing model using multiple isotopes indicated that manure-derived nutrients delivered with increased contributions of groundwater to the river during the wet season governed the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in the river. We postulate that the integrated approach using multi-isotopic and microbiological data is highly effective for evaluating nutrient sources and for delineating hydrological interactions between groundwater and surface water, as well as for investigating surface water quality including eutrophication in riverine and other surface water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dugin Kaown
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Chan Koh
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, the Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Bernhard Mayer
- Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64149, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - YeoJin Ju
- Radioactive Waste Disposal Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Keun Rhee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Kyu Park
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Inwoo Park
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye-Lim Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon-Yeol Yoon
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon 34132, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Kang-Kun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, the Republic of Korea.
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Yue FJ, Li SL, Waldron S, Oliver DM, Chen X, Li P, Peng T, Liu CQ. Source availability and hydrological connectivity determined nitrate-discharge relationships during rainfall events in karst catchment as revealed by high-frequency nitrate sensing. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 231:119616. [PMID: 36696876 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Karst terrain seasonal monsoonal rainfall is often associated with high concentrations of nitrate-N in streams draining agricultural land. Such high concentrations can pose problems for environmental and human health. However, the relationship between rainfall events that mobilize nitrate and resulting nitrate export remains poorly understood in karst terrain. To better understand the processes that drive nitrate dynamics during rainfall events, the characteristics of individual rainfall events were analyzed using sensor technology. Thirty-eight rainfall events were separated from the high-frequency dataset spanning 19 months at a karst spring site. The results revealed that nitrate-discharge (N-Q) hysteresis in 79% of rainfall events showed anticlockwise hysteresis loop patterns, indicating nitrate export from long distances within short event periods. Karstic hydrological connectivity and source availability were considered two major determining factors of N-Q hysteresis. Gradual increase in hydrological connectivity during intensive rainfall period accelerated nitrate transportation by karst aquifer systems. Four principal components (PCs, including antecedent conditions PC1&3 and rainfall characteristics PC2&4 explained 82% of the cumulative variance contribution to the rainfall events. Multiple linear regression of four PCs explained more than 50% of the variation of nitrate loading and amplitude during rainfall events, but poorly described nitrate concentrations and hydro-chemistry parameters, which may be influenced by other factors, e.g., nitrate transformation, fertilization time and water-rock interaction. Although variation of N concentration during event flow is evident, accounting for antecedent conditions and rainfall factors can help to predict rainfall event N loading during rainfall events. Pollution of the karstic catchment occurred by a flush of nitrate input following rainfall events; antecedent and rainfall conditions are therefore important factors to consider for the water quality management. Reducing source availability during the wet season may facilitate to reduction of nitrogen loading in similar karst areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Jun Yue
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Si-Liang Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Susan Waldron
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - David M Oliver
- Biological & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Pan Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Cong-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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30
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Han LL, Wang H, Ge L, Xu MN, Tang JM, Luo L, Li P, Kao SJ. Transition of source/sink processes and fate of ammonium in groundwater along with redox gradients. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 231:119600. [PMID: 36680827 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4+) retention/removal processes in groundwater are of great interest because of the continuous increase in nitrogenous compound loading due to anthropogenic activities. However, the transition of multiple co-occurring transformation processes that determine the fate of NH4+ in groundwater along a redox gradient remains underexplored. We selected a high nitrogen (N) groundwater system in the western Hetao Basin, China, to identify and quantify NH4+ source and sink processes, including mineralization, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), nitrification, and anammox, to better understand the dynamics of NH4+. Based on redox-sensitive parameters, that is, the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and NH4+ and nitrate (NO3-) contents, etc., the groundwater system was classified into three zones from upstream to downstream: zone I (oxidizing), zone II (moderately reducing), and zone III (strongly reducing). Using the 15N tracing technique, we found that NH4+ was mainly produced by mineralization while < 2% was produced by DNRA throughout the study area. Mineralization increased downstream because the supply of biodegradable N-containing compounds was augmented, which created a strong redox gradient to host a serial reaction chain. In zone I, NH4+ was mainly transferred to NO3- via nitrification, whereas in zones II and III, NH4+ was mainly transferred to N2 via anammox. The average NH4+ production/consumption ratios (P/C) in zones I, II, and III were 0.7, 6.9, and 51.1, respectively. Obviously, the NH4+ purification ability can only exceed the supply under aerobic conditions, thus suggesting that NH4+ will accumulate without limitation and be retained in strongly reducing groundwater. The situation of NH4+ accumulation would deteriorate over space and time in groundwater as human activities increase without an additional artificial supply of oxidants. The results provide mechanistic insights for quantitatively comprehending the dynamics and fate of NH4+ in groundwater, shedding light on groundwater NH4+ mitigation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Helin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lianghao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Min Nina Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jin-Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shuh-Ji Kao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
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31
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Zhang W, Zhu G, Qiu D, Liu Y, Sang L, Lin X, Ma H, Zhao K, Xu Y. Effects of agricultural activities on hydrochemistry in the Shiyang River Basin, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:12269-12282. [PMID: 36107297 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22914-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural water accounts for more than 80% of the available water in arid areas. Agricultural activities have a great impact on surface water and groundwater. If the impact of agricultural activities on hydrochemistry is not prevented, the risk of water quality change in arid areas may be greatly intensified. Based on the hydrochemical data of the whole Shiyang River Basin from April 2014 to October 2019, this paper analyzes the impact of agricultural activities on hydrochemistry in the basin. The results show that (i) in the middle and lower reaches of farmland with high intensity of agricultural activities, the ion concentration of groundwater in summer and autumn is significantly higher than that in winter and spring due to the influence of irrigation; (ii) the runoff ion concentration in the backflow of the river reaches recharged by irrigation water is significantly higher than that of other reaches; (iii) due to strong evaporation, different types of reservoirs will lead to an overall increase in ion concentration, which is more obvious in plain reservoirs and river tail lakes. In addition, the reservoirs have a certain removal effect on nitrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Guofeng Zhu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Dongdong Qiu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Liyuan Sang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Xinrui Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Huiying Ma
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Kailiang Zhao
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Yuanxiao Xu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
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32
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Chen X, Zheng L, Zhu M, Jiang C, Dong X, Chen Y. Quantitative identification of nitrate and sulfate sources of a multiple land-use area impacted by mine drainage. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116551. [PMID: 36283198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase in urbanization and intensive coal mining activities have accelerated the deterioration of surface water quality. Environmental problems caused by the accumulation of nitrate and sulfate from natural, urban, and agricultural sources have attracted extensive attention. Information on nitrate and sulfate sources and their transformations is crucial for understanding the nitrogen and sulfur cycles in surface water. In this study, we monitored nitrate and sulfate in three representative rivers in mining cities in northern China. The main pollution sources and biogeochemical processes were identified by using stable isotopes (δD, δ18OH2O, δ15N, δ18ONO3, δ34S and δ18OSO4) and hydrochemistry. The contribution of natural and anthropogenic sources was quantitatively estimated based on a Bayesian mixed model. The results indicated a large variation in sulfate and nitrate sources between the different rivers. Nitrate in the Tuohe River mainly derived from manure/sewage (57.9%) and soil N (26.9%), while sulfate mainly derived from manure/sewage (41.7%) and evaporite dissolution (26.8%). For the Suihe River, nitrate was primarily sourced from chemical fertilizer (37.9%) and soil nitrogen (34.8%), while sulfate was mainly sourced from manure/sewage (33.1%) and chemical fertilizer (21.4%). For the Huihe River, nitrate mainly derived from mine drainage (56.6%) and manure/sewage (30.6%), while sulfate predominantly originated from mine drainage (58.3%) and evaporite dissolution (12.9%). Microbial nitrification was the major pathway for the migration and transformation of nitrate in the surface water. However, denitrification and bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) did not play a significant role as aerobic conditions prevailed. In this study, we elucidated the sources and transformation mechanisms of nitrate and sulfate. Additionally, we provided a reference for formulating a comprehensive strategy for effective management and remediation of surface water contaminated with nitrate and sulfate in mining cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Liugen Zheng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Chunlu Jiang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Xianglin Dong
- Geological Survey Division, Huaibei Coal Mining Group Corporation, Huaibei, 235001, Anhui, China
| | - Yongchun Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Coal Mine Ecological Environment Protection, Huainan, 232001, Anhui, China
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33
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Marković T, Karlović I, Orlić S, Kajan K, Smith AC. Tracking the nitrogen cycle in a vulnerable alluvial system using a multi proxy approach: Case study Varaždin alluvial aquifer, Croatia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158632. [PMID: 36087668 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
At high concentrations nitrate is considered a serious environmental pollutant which degrades the quality of ground and surface waters. Such high nitrate concentrations (>50 mg NO3/L) have been observed for decades in the alluvial aquifer in the Varaždin region of Croatia. Here we employ a novel cross disciplinary approach (dual isotopes, chemical, bacteria diversity and mixing modelling) to determine sources of nitrate and processes that can influence nitrate concentration within this vulnerable alluvial aquifer. Ten groundwater wells were sampled across the region and in different hydrological conditions for basic chemical, stable isotopes (δ18O-H2O, δ2H-H2O, δ15N-NO3 and δ18O-NO3), and bacterial diversity analyses. In addition, solid samples, i.e. soil samples and fertilizers were collected and analysed for bulk δ15N. The primary nitrate sources were manure, sewage, soil organic N, and ammonia fertilizers, however we observe no clear evidence to indicate that synthetic fertilizers are a major contributor to groundwater nitrate concentrations. Whilst denitrification was observed in the parts of the study area with dissolved oxygen (DO) deficiency, i.e. anoxic conditions, nitrification has been identified as the major process responsible for nitrate behaviour within the aquifer system. Our results will facilitate the creation of a conceptual model of nitrate behaviour in the study area and from this, a numerical groundwater nitrate transport model. These data, understanding of nitrate dynamics and subsequent models will be critical for future sustainable water and agricultural management of the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Marković
- Croatian Geological Survey, Milana Sachsa 2, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Igor Karlović
- Croatian Geological Survey, Milana Sachsa 2, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Sandi Orlić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Katarina Kajan
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrew C Smith
- British Geological Survey, Nicker Hill, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK.
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34
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Puggioni G, Milia S, Unali V, Ardu R, Tamburini E, Balaguer MD, Pous N, Carucci A, Puig S. Effect of hydraulic retention time on the electro-bioremediation of nitrate in saline groundwater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157236. [PMID: 35810909 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) have proven their capability to treat nitrate-contaminated saline groundwater and simultaneously recover value-added chemicals (such as disinfection products) within a circular economy-based approach. In this study, the effect of the hydraulic retention time (HRT) on nitrate and salinity removal, as well as on free chlorine production, was investigated in a 3-compartment BES working in galvanostatic mode with the perspective of process intensification and future scale-up. Reducing the HRT from 30.1 ± 2.3 to 2.4 ± 0.2 h led to a corresponding increase in nitrate removal rates (from 17 ± 1 up to 131 ± 1 mgNO3--N L-1d-1), although a progressive decrease in desalination efficiency (from 77 ± 13 to 12 ± 2 %) was observed. Nitrate concentration and salinity close to threshold limits indicated by the World Health Organization for drinking water, as well as significant chlorine production were achieved with an HRT of 4.9 ± 0.4 h. At such HRT, specific energy consumption was low (6.8·10-2 ± 0.3·10-2 kWh g-1NO3--Nremoved), considering that the supplied energy supports three processes simultaneously. A logarithmic equation correlated well with nitrate removal rates at the applied HRTs and may be used to predict BES behaviour with different HRTs. The bacterial community of the bio-cathode under galvanostatic mode was dominated by a few populations, including the genera Rhizobium, Bosea, Fontibacter and Gordonia. The results provide useful information for the scale-up of BES treating multi-contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Puggioni
- University of Cagliari, Department of Civil-Environmental Engineering and Architecture (DICAAR), Via Marengo 2-09123, Cagliari, Italy; Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (LEQUiA), Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Carrer Maria Aurelia Capmany, 69, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Stefano Milia
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering (CNR-IGAG), Via Marengo 2-09123, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Valentina Unali
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering (CNR-IGAG), Via Marengo 2-09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ardu
- University of Cagliari, Department of Civil-Environmental Engineering and Architecture (DICAAR), Via Marengo 2-09123, Cagliari, Italy; DiSB, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Elena Tamburini
- DiSB, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - M Dolors Balaguer
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (LEQUiA), Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Carrer Maria Aurelia Capmany, 69, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Narcís Pous
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (LEQUiA), Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Carrer Maria Aurelia Capmany, 69, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Alessandra Carucci
- University of Cagliari, Department of Civil-Environmental Engineering and Architecture (DICAAR), Via Marengo 2-09123, Cagliari, Italy; National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering (CNR-IGAG), Via Marengo 2-09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sebastià Puig
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (LEQUiA), Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Carrer Maria Aurelia Capmany, 69, E-17003 Girona, Spain
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35
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Yu J, Wang X, Qian S, Liu P, Li X, Li J. Exposure to nitrate induces alterations in blood parameter responses, liver immunity, and lipid metabolism in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 251:106280. [PMID: 36041359 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3-) pollution of waterbodies has attracted significant global attention as it poses a serious threat to aquatic organisms and human beings. This study aimed to evaluate the role of NO3-, an end product of biological nitrification processes, in immune status and lipid metabolism to have a comprehensive understanding of its toxic effects on fishes. Therefore, in this work, juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) were subjected to four nominal concentrations of NO3- (i.e., 0, 50, 200, 400 mg/L of NO3--N) for a 60-day period. The results indicated that increased exposure to NO3- (200 and/or 400 mg/L) enhanced the concentrations of plasma heat shock protein concentrations (HSP70), complement component 3 (C3), complement component 4 (C4), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and lysozyme (LYS), which meant that NO3-caused fluctuations in the plasma immune system. Higher exposure to NO3- (200 and/or 400 mg/L) also caused significant enhancements in plasma glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), as well as glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activity. Furthermore, NO3- exposure resulted in upregulation of liver TNF-α, IL-1β, HSP70, HSP90, and LYS. Additionally, the results suggested that NO3-exposure caused a certain degree of histological damage and inflammation in the liver and activated the immune defense processes of juvenile turbot. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of certain genes associated with lipid metabolism (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha [PPAR-α], carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1[CPT1], liver X receptor [LXR] together with sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 [SREBP-1]) increased significantly within fish liver exposed to 200/400 mg/L NO3--N treatments. Finally, the results obtained from the analysis of the integrated biological responses version 2 (IBRv2) also confirmed the toxic effects of NO3- on juvenile turbot. According to these findings, it can be found that NO3- emission in the aquatic environment needs to be strictly controlled, as it may cause immune and lipid metabolism disorders in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology/Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xingqiang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology/Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Shiyue Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology/Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology/Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xian Li
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Jun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Li S, Diao M, Wang S, Zhu X, Dong X, Strous M, Ji G. Distinct oxygen isotope fractionations driven by different electron donors during microbial nitrate reduction in lake sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 14:812-821. [PMID: 35691702 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microbial nitrate reduction can be driven by organic carbon oxidation, as well as by inorganic electron donors, such as reduced forms of sulfur and iron. An apparent inverse oxygen isotope fractionation effect was observed during nitrate reduction in sediment incubations from five sampling sites of a freshwater lake, Hongze Lake, China. Incubations with organic and inorganic electron donor additions were performed. Especially, the inverse oxygen isotope effect was intensified after glucose addition, whereas the incubations with sulfide and Fe2+ showed normal fractionation factors. Nitrate reductase encoding genes, napA and narG, were analysed with metagenomics. Higher napA/narG ratios were associated with higher oxygen fractionation factors. The most abundant clade (59%) of NapA in the incubation with glucose was affiliated with Rhodocyclales. In contrast, it only accounted for 8%-9% of NapA in the incubations with sulfide and Fe2+ . Differences in nitrate reductases might explain different oxygen isotope effects. Our findings also suggested that large variance of O-nitrate isotope fractionations might have to be considered in the interpretation of natural isotope records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Muhe Diao
- Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianfang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Dong
- Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marc Strous
- Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Guodong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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37
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Ji X, Shu L, Chen W, Chen Z, Shang X, Yang Y, Dahlgren RA, Zhang M. Nitrate pollution source apportionment, uncertainty and sensitivity analysis across a rural-urban river network based on δ 15N/δ 18O-NO 3- isotopes and SIAR modeling. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129480. [PMID: 35816793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate pollution is of considerable global concern as a threat to human health and aquatic ecosystems. Nowadays, δ15N/δ18O-NO3- combined with a Bayesian-based SIAR model are widely used to identify riverine nitrate sources. However, little is known regarding the effect of variations in pollution source isotopic composition on nitrate source contributions. Herein, we used δ15N/δ18O-NO3-, SIAR modeling, probability statistical analysis and a perturbing method to quantify the contributions and uncertainties of riverine nitrate sources in the Wen-Rui Tang River of China and to further investigate the model sensitivity of each nitrate source. The SIAR model confirmed municipal sewage (MS) as the major nitrate source (58.5-75.7%). Nitrogen fertilizer (NF, 8.6-20.9%) and soil nitrogen (SN, 7.8-20.1%) were also identified as secondary nitrate sources, while atmospheric deposition (AD, <0.1-7.9%) was a minor source. Uncertainties associated with NF (UI90 = 0.32) and SN (UI90 = 0.30) were high, whereas those associated with MS (UI90 = 0.14) were moderate and AD low (UI90 = 0.0087). A sensitivity analysis was performed for the SIAR modeling and indicated that the isotopic composition of the predominant source (i.e., MS in this study) had the strongest effect on the overall riverine nitrate source apportionment results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Southern Zhejiang Water Research Institute, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lielin Shu
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Southern Zhejiang Water Research Institute, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xu Shang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Southern Zhejiang Water Research Institute, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Randy A Dahlgren
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Minghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Southern Zhejiang Water Research Institute, Wenzhou 325035, China; Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Cao X, Shi Y, He W, An T, Chen X, Zhang Z, Liu F, Zhao Y, Zhou P, Chen C, He J, He W. Impacts of anthropogenic groundwater recharge (AGR) on nitrate dynamics in a phreatic aquifer revealed by hydrochemical and isotopic technologies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 839:156187. [PMID: 35618121 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although anthropogenic groundwater recharge (AGR) can either elevate or decline the concentration of nitrate in the phreatic aquifer with high hydraulic conductivity, the long-term impact of AGR on nitrate dynamics in the phreatic aquifer and its reason is seldom disclosed. In this study, the hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes (δ2H-H2O and δ18O-H2O) combined with mixing stable isotope analysis in R (MixSIAR) were used to group the study area into the dominant area of AGR by surface water (AGRSW) and the dominant area of natural groundwater recharged by precipitation (NGRP). Hydrochemical parameters and multiple stable isotopes, including δ2H-H2O, δ18O-H2O, δ15N-NO3-, δ18O-NO3-, and δ13C-DIC, were applied to explore the impacts of AGR on the concentration, biogeochemical processes, and main sources of nitrate. The results showed that AGR by surface water with low nitrate content can reduce nitrate pollution in groundwater. The characteristic of δ18O-NO3- value revealed that nitrification was the primary biogeochemical process of nitrogen in groundwater. AGR may enhance nitrification as indicated by the δ18O-NO3- value closer to the nitrification theoretical line. Dual nitrate stable isotopes and MixSIAR revealed that chemical fertilizer (CF), soil nitrogen (SN), and surface water (SW) contributed 10.88%, 49.92%, and 27.64% to nitrate in AGRSW groundwater, respectively, which was significantly different from their contributions to NGRP groundwater (p < 0.05). Notably, AGR significantly increased the contribution of SW but decreased the contribution of CF and SN in groundwater. This study provided a basis and guidance for groundwater quality assessment and pollution control in the phreatic aquifer with high hydraulic conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environment Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Wei He
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environment Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Tongyan An
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environment Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiaorui Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhanhao Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pengpeng Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cuibai Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiangtao He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
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An Optofluidic Monitor with On-Chip Calibration for Online Analyzing Surface Water Quality. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-07205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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40
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Putt AD, Rafie SAA, Hazen TC. Large-Data Omics Approaches in Modern Remediation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2022; 148. [DOI: 10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0002042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Putt
- Ph.D. Candidate, Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996. ORCID:
| | - Sa’ad Abd Ar Rafie
- Ph.D. Candidate, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Terry C. Hazen
- Governor’s Chair Professor, Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996; Dept. of Civil and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996; Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831; Dept. of Microbiology, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996; Institute for a Secure and Sustainable Environment, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 (corresponding author). ORCID:
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Kang X, Niu Y, Yu H, Gou P, Hou Q, Lu X, Wu Y. Effect of rainfall-runoff process on sources and transformations of nitrate using a combined approach of dual isotopes, hydrochemical and Bayesian model in the Dagang River basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155674. [PMID: 35523324 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The control of agricultural nitrogen through inflow rivers is crucial for lake aquatic environment conservation, while nitrate is the main form of non-point source pollution of agricultural nitrogen in watersheds. Therefore, understanding the nitrate sources and transformation in the intensive-agricultural region was particularly concerned. Nitrate sources and transformation varied largely during some crucial periods or events. However, low-resolution sampling campaigns increased some uncertainties due to without considering the effect of key driving factors for identifying nitrate transformations and sources. In our study, high-frequency sampling and analysis of nitrogen and oxygen isotope, hydrochemical and Bayesian model was conducted at the Dagang River to capture nitrate sources and transformations and identify its response to rainfall-runoff process at the event scale. In addition, the N cycle process was refined by comparing the variation and relationship of water quality factors and isotopes before, during, and after rainfall. We found that nitrate and major ions derived from similar agricultural activities caused by anthropogenic factors, such as domestic sewage from rural residents and livestock waste, through field survey and principal component analysis. The δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3- in Dagang River ranged from +0.05‰ to +9.94‰ and + 1.49‰ to +11.64‰, respectively. The spatio-temporal variations of nitrate isotopes and hydrochemical compositions of river water suggested that nitrification was the dominant nitrate transformation process although the mixing effect occurred in some periods, especially during, and after the rainfall. The relationship between NO3-/Cl- and Cl- ratios suggested the occurrence of denitrification in downstream of the river basin after the rainfall. The results of Bayesian model showed that livestock manure and groundwater contributed to the most (66.4 ± 31.9%) nitrate, which indicated the necessity to establish its regulatory policy to avoid the overuse of livestock manure and groundwater in Dagang River. This study benefit for developing concrete and legible management and conservation strategies for decreasing the effect of anthropogenic nitrogen loading on lake eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Kang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Lake Ecological Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuan Niu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Lake Ecological Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hui Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Lake Ecological Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Peng Gou
- Research Center of Big Data Technology, Nanhu Laboratory, Jiaxing 314000, China; Advanced Institute of Big Data, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Qinyao Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Yali Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Lake Ecological Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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Tran R, Wang D, Kingsbury R, Palizhati A, Persson KA, Jain A, Ulissi ZW. Screening of bimetallic electrocatalysts for water purification with machine learning. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:074102. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0092948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrocatalysis provides a potential solution to [Formula: see text] pollution in wastewater by converting it to innocuous N2 gas. However, materials with excellent catalytic activity are typically limited to expensive precious metals, hindering their commercial viability. In response to this challenge, we have conducted the most extensive computational search to date for electrocatalysts that can facilitate [Formula: see text] reduction reaction, starting with 59 390 candidate bimetallic alloys from the Materials Project and Automatic-Flow databases. Using a joint machine learning- and computation-based screening strategy, we evaluated our candidates based on corrosion resistance, catalytic activity, N2 selectivity, cost, and the ability to synthesize. We found that only 20 materials will satisfy all criteria in our screening strategy, all of which contain varying amounts of Cu. Our proposed list of candidates is consistent with previous materials investigated in the literature, with the exception of Cu–Co and Cu–Ag based compounds that merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Duo Wang
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Ryan Kingsbury
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Aini Palizhati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Kristin Aslaug Persson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Anubhav Jain
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Zachary W. Ulissi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Richa A, Touil S, Fizir M. Recent advances in the source identification and remediation techniques of nitrate contaminated groundwater: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 316:115265. [PMID: 35576711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have long been committed to identify nitrate sources in groundwater and to develop an advanced technique for its remediation because better apply remediation solution and management of water quality is highly dependent on the identification of the NO3- sources contamination in water. In this review, we systematically introduce nitrate source tracking tools used over the past ten years including dual isotope and multi isotope techniques, water chemistry profile, Bayesian mixing model, microbial tracers and land use/cover data. These techniques can be combined and exploited to track the source of NO3- as mineral or organic fertilizer, sewage, or atmospheric deposition. These available data have significant implications for making an appropriate measures and decisions by water managers. A continuous remediation strategy of groundwater was among the main management strategies that need to be applied in the contaminated area. Nitrate removal from groundwater can be accomplished using either separation or reduction based process. The application of these processes to nitrate removal is discussed in this review and some novel methods were presented for the first time. Moreover, the advantages and limitations of each approach are critically summarized and based on our own understanding of the subject some solutions to overcomes their drawbacks are recommended. Advanced techniques are capable to attain significantly higher nitrate and other co-contaminants removal from groundwater. However, the challenges of by-products generation and high energy consumption need to be addressed in implementing these technologies for groundwater remediation for potable use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Richa
- University of Djilali Bounaama, Khemis Miliana, Algeria.
| | - Sami Touil
- University of Djilali Bounaama, Khemis Miliana, Algeria.
| | - Meriem Fizir
- Laboratoire de Valorisation des Substances Naturelles, Université Djilali Bounaâma, Khemis Miliana, Algeria.
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Pyrgaki K, Kelepertzis E, Argyraki A, Boeckx P, Botsou F, Dassenakis E. Identification of sources and transformations of nitrate in Cr(VI)-impacted alluvial aquifers by a hydrogeochemical and δ 15N-NO 3- and δ 18O-NO 3 - isotopes approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:57703-57719. [PMID: 35355184 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A coupled methodology of nitrogen isotopes, hydrogeochemical characterization, multivariate statistical analysis, and SIAR Bayesian modeling has been employed to identify the sources of NO3- and N transformation processes in three alluvial aquifers (Schinos, Thiva, and Central Evia) located in central Greece where geogenic Cr(VI) co-occurs with agricultural activity and rural development. Hexavalent chromium concentrations exceed 50 μg/L in many sampling stations of the studied groundwater bodies, while nitrate contamination is evident in all three study areas with concentrations well over 50 mg/L. The mean δ15N-NO3- and δ18Ο-NO3- values are 6.67 ± 1.77‰ and 2.68 ± 1.77‰ in C. Evia, 8.72 ± 4.74‰ and 3.96 ± 4.57‰ in Schinos and 4.44 ± 1.71‰ and 2.91 ± 1.02‰ in Thiva, respectively. Domestic sewage and N-bearing fertilizers are contributing in various degrees to the observed nitrification which is the dominant transformation process of N in the studied aquifers. Multivariate statistics indicated that the main processes identified in the study areas are salinization, silicate dissolution, and groundwater contamination due to fertilizer use. It is suggested that ultramafic rock-related alluvial aquifers must be closely monitored in terms of nutrient inputs as an effective measure for controlling Cr(VI) release in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Pyrgaki
- Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84, Athens, Greece.
| | - Efstratios Kelepertzis
- Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84, Athens, Greece
| | - Ariadne Argyraki
- Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84, Athens, Greece
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory-ISOFYS, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fotini Botsou
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Dassenakis
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84, Athens, Greece
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Chen F, Li Z, Ye Y, Lv M, Liang B, Yuan Y, Cheng HY, Liu Y, He Z, Wang H, Wang Y, Wang A. Coupled sulfur and electrode-driven autotrophic denitrification for significantly enhanced nitrate removal. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118675. [PMID: 35635922 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Elemental sulfur (S0)-based autotrophic denitrification (SAD) has gained intensive attention in the treatment of secondary effluent for its low cost, high efficiency, and good stability. However, in practice, the supplementary addition of limestone is necessary to balance the alkalinity consumption during SAD operation, which increases water hardness and reduces the effective reaction volume. In this study, a coupled sulfur and electrode-driven autotrophic denitrification (SEAD) process was proposed with superior nitrate removal performance, less accumulation of sulfate, and self-balance of acidity-alkalinity capacity by regulating the applied voltage. The dual-channel electron supply from S0 and electrodes made the nitrate removal rate constant k in the SEAD process 3.7-5.1 and 1.4-3.5 times higher than that of the single electrode- and sulfur-driven systems, respectively. The S° contributed to 75.3%-83.1% of nitrate removal and the sulfate yield during SEAD (5.67-6.26 mg SO42-/mg NO3--N) was decreased by 17%-25% compared with SAD. The S0 particle and electrode both as active bio-carriers constructed collaborative denitrification communities and functional genes. Pseudomonas, Ralstonia and Brevundimonas were the dominant denitrifying genera in S0 particle biofilm, while Pseudomonas, Chryseobacterium, Pantoea and Comamonas became dominant denitrifying genera in the cathode biofilm. The narG/Z/H/Y/I/V, nxrA/B, napA/B, nirS/K, norB/C and nosZ were potential functional genes for efficient nitrate reduction during the SEAD process. Metagenomic sequencing indicated that S0 as an electron donor has greater potential for complete denitrification than the electrode. These findings revealed the potential of SEAD for acting as a highly efficient post denitrification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, P. R. China; School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P. R. China
| | - Zhiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, P. R. China
| | - Yin Ye
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P. R. China
| | - Miao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Ye Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Yi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, P.R. China
| | - Zhangwei He
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, P.R. China
| | - Hongcheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Yuheng Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P. R. China
| | - Aijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China.
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46
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An Overview of Microbial Source Tracking Using Host-Specific Genetic Markers to Identify Origins of Fecal Contamination in Different Water Environments. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14111809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fecal contamination of water constitutes a serious health risk to humans and environmental ecosystems. This is mainly due to the fact that fecal material carries a variety of enteropathogens, which can enter and circulate in water bodies through fecal pollution. In this respect, the prompt identification of the polluting source(s) is pivotal to guiding appropriate target-specific remediation actions. Notably, microbial source tracking (MST) is widely applied to determine the host origin(s) contributing to fecal water pollution through the identification of zoogenic and/or anthropogenic sources of fecal environmental DNA (eDNA). A wide array of host-associated molecular markers have been developed and exploited for polluting source attribution in various aquatic ecosystems. This review is intended to provide the most up-to-date overview of genetic marker-based MST studies carried out in different water types, such as freshwaters (including surface and groundwaters) and seawaters (from coasts, beaches, lagoons, and estuaries), as well as drinking water systems. Focusing on the latest scientific progress/achievements, this work aims to gain updated knowledge on the applicability and robustness of using MST for water quality surveillance. Moreover, it also provides a future perspective on advancing MST applications for environmental research.
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47
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Zhang Q, Shu W, Li F, Li M, Zhou J, Tian C, Liu S, Ren F, Chen G. Nitrate source apportionment and risk assessment: A study in the largest ion-adsorption rare earth mine in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 302:119052. [PMID: 35227848 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3-) pollution in water bodies has received widespread attention, but studies on nitrogen transformation and pollution risk assessment are still limited, especially in rare earth mining areas. In this study, surface and groundwater samples were collected from the largest rare earth mining site in southern China, and analyzed for the hydrochemical and stable isotopic characteristics. The results showed that the NO3- concentrations ranged from 1.61 to 453.11 mg/L, with 35% of surface water and 53.3% of groundwater samples exceeding the WHO standard (i.e., 50 mg/L). Health risk assessment showed that 31.4% of the water samples had a moderate to high non-carcinogenic risk, and the high-risk areas were concentrated in rare earth mining regions. Additionally, adults were more vulnerable to the non-carcinogenic health risks than children. The high variability of δ15N-NO3- (from -6.43 to 17.09‰) and δ18O-NO3- (from -7.91 to 22.79‰) showed that NO3- was influenced by multiple nitrogen sources and transformation processes. Hydrochemistry and isotopic evidence further indicated that NO3- was primarily influenced by nitrification and hydraulic connection between surface and groundwater. The results of the Bayesian mixing model showed that about 70% of NO3- originated from mine drainage and soil N in the rare earth mining area, while more than 90% of NO3- originated from fertilizer, soil N, and manure and sewage in rural and urban areas in the middle and downstream. This study suggests reducing anthropogenic nitrogen discharge (e.g., leaching agents and fertilizer inputs) as the primary means of NO3- pollution control with biogeochemical processes (e.g., denitrification) to further reduce its pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Wang Shu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Sino-Danish College of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing, 101408, China.
| | - Fadong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Appraisal Centre for Environmental and Engineering, Environmental Protection Ministry, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Appraisal Centre for Environmental and Engineering, Environmental Protection Ministry, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Chao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Shanbao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Futian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida A&M University (FAMU)-Florida State University (FSU) Joint College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
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Cao M, Hu A, Gad M, Adyari B, Qin D, Zhang L, Sun Q, Yu CP. Domestic wastewater causes nitrate pollution in an agricultural watershed, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153680. [PMID: 35150684 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Excessive quantities of nitrates in the aquatic environment can cause eutrophication and raise water safety concerns. Therefore, identification of the sources of nitrate is crucial to mitigate nitrate pollution and for better management of the water resources. Here, the spatiotemporal variations and sources of nitrate were investigated by stable isotopes (δ15N and δ18O), hydrogeochemical variables (e.g., NO3- and Cl-), and exogenous microbial signals (i.e., sediments, soils, domestic and swine sewage) in an agricultural watershed (Changle River watershed) in China. The concentration ranges of δ15N- and δ18O-NO3- between 3.03‰-18.97‰ and -1.55‰-16.47‰, respectively, suggested that soil nitrogen, chemical fertilizers, and manure and sewage (M&S) were the primary nitrate sources. Bayesian isotopic mixing model suggested that the major proportion of nitrate within the watershed (53.12 ± 10.40% and 63.81 ± 15.08%) and tributaries (64.43 ± 5.03% and 76.20 ± 4.34%) were contributed by M&S in dry and wet seasons, respectively. Community-based microbial source tracking (MST) showed that untreated and treated domestic wastewater was the major source (>70%) of river microbiota. Redundancy analysis with the incorporation of land use, hydrogeochemical variables, dual stable isotope, and exogenous microbial signals revealed domestic wastewater as the dominant cause of nitrate pollution. Altogether, this study not only identifies and quantifies the spatiotemporal variations in nitrate sources in the study area but also provides a new analytical framework by combining nitrate isotopic signatures and community-based MST approaches for source appointment of nitrate in other polluted watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixian Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Anyi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Mahmoud Gad
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Bob Adyari
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Pertamina, Jakarta 12220, Indonesia
| | - Dan Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Lanping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Rajkumar H, Naik PK, Singh G, Rishi M. Hydrogeochemical characterization, multi-exposure deterministic and probabilistic health hazard evaluation in groundwater in parts of Northern India. TOXIN REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2080222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herojeet Rajkumar
- Department of Environment Studies, Post Graduate Government College, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pradeep K. Naik
- Rajiv Gandhi National Ground Water Training & Research Institute, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | | | - Madhuri Rishi
- Department of Environmental Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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50
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Zhang XY, Li ZL, Chen F, Wang SP, Nan J, Huang C, Chen XQ, Cao D, Bai CH, Wang HC, Han JL, Liang B, Wang AJ. Influence of nitrate concentration on trichloroethylene reductive dechlorination in weak electric stimulation system. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133935. [PMID: 35149011 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The co-existence of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons (VCHs) and nitrate pollution in groundwater is prominent, but how nitrate exposure affects weak-electrical stimulated bio-dechlorination activity of VCH is largely unknown. Here, by establishing weak-electrical stimulated trichloroethylene (TCE) dechlorination systems, the influence on TCE dechlorination by exposure to the different concentrations (25-100 mg L-1) of nitrate was investigated. The existence of nitrate in general decreased TCE dechlorination efficiency to varying degrees, and the higher nitrate concentration, the stronger the inhibitory effects, verified by the gradually decreased transcription levels of tceA. Although the TCE dechlorination kinetic rate constant decreased by 36% the most, under all nitrate concentration ranges, TCE could be completely removed within 32 h and no difference in generated metabolites was found, revealing the well-maintained dechlorination activity. This was due to the quickly enriched bio-denitrification activity, which removed nitrate completely within 9 h, and thus relieved the inhibition on TCE dechlorination. The obvious bacterial community structure succession was also observed, from dominating with dechlorination genera (e.g., Acetobacterium, Eubacterium) to dominating with both dechlorination and denitrification genera (e.g., Acidovorax and Brachymonas). The study proposed the great potential for the in situ simultaneous denitrification and dehalogenation in groundwater contaminated with both nitrate and VCHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Fan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Si-Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jun Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Cong Huang
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Xue-Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Di Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Cai-Hua Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Hong-Cheng Wang
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jing-Long Han
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bin Liang
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ai-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
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