1
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Felicijan T, Bogataj M. Forecasting the effect of water gastric emptying patterns on model drug release in an in vitro glass-bead flow-through system. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2024; 74:269-287. [PMID: 38815199 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2024-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Oral solid dosage forms are most frequently administered with a glass of water which empties from the stomach relatively fast, but with a certain variability in its emptying kinetics. The purpose of this study was thus to simulate different individual water gastric emptying (GE) patterns in an in vitro glass-bead flow-through dissolution system. Further, the effect of GE on the dissolution of model drugs from immediate-release tablets was assessed by determining the amount of dissolved drug in the samples pumped out of the stomach compartment. Additionally, different HCl solutions were used as dissolution media to assess the effect of the variability of pH of the gastric fluid on the dissolution of three model drugs: paracetamol, diclofenac sodium, and dipyridamole. The difference in fast and slow GE kinetics resulted in different dissolution profiles of paracetamol in all studied media. For diclofenac sodium and dipyridamole tablets, the effect of GE kinetics was well observed only in media, where the solubility was not a limiting factor. Therefore, GE kinetics of co-ingested water influences the drug release from immediate-release tablets, however, in certain cases, other parameters influencing drug dissolution can partly or fully hinder the expression of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjaša Felicijan
- 1University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marija Bogataj
- 1University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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2
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Zhang SY, Ong WSY, Subelzu N, Gleeson JP. Validation of a Caco-2 microfluidic Chip model for predicting intestinal absorption of BCS Class I-IV drugs. Int J Pharm 2024; 656:124089. [PMID: 38599444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Oral delivery is considered the most patient preferred route of drug administration, however, the drug must be sufficiently soluble and permeable to successfully formulate an oral formulation. There have been advancements in the development of more predictive solubility and dissolution tools, but the tools that has been developed for permeability assays have not been validated as extensively as the gold-standard Caco-2 Transwell assay. Here, we evaluated Caco-2 intestinal permeability assay in Transwells and a commercially available microfluidic Chip using 19 representative Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class I-IV compounds. For each selected compound, we performed a comprehensive viability test, quantified its apparent permeability (Papp), and established an in vitro in vivo correlation (IVIVC) to the human fraction absorbed (fa) in both culture conditions. Permeability differences were observed across the models as demonstrated by antipyrine (Transwell Papp: 38.5 ± 6.1 × 10-8 cm/s vs Chip Papp: 32.9 ± 11.3 × 10-8 cm/s) and nadolol (Transwell Papp: 0.6 ± 0.1 × 10-7 cm/s vs Chip Papp: 3 ± 1.2 × 10-7 cm/s). The in vitro in vivo correlation (IVIVC; Papp vs. fa) of the Transwell model (r2 = 0.59-0.83) was similar to the Chip model (r2 = 0.41-0.79), highlighting similar levels of predictivity. Comparing to historical data, our Chip Papp data was more closely aligned to native tissues assessed in Ussing chambers. This is the first study to comprehensively validate a commercial Gut-on-a-Chip model as a predictive tool for assessing oral absorption to further reduce our reliance on animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Y Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Whitney S Y Ong
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Natalia Subelzu
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - John P Gleeson
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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3
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Jain KMH, Hou HH, Siegel RA. An Artificial Gut/Absorption Simulator: Understanding the Impact of Absorption on In Vitro Dissolution, Speciation, and Precipitation of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1884-1899. [PMID: 38512389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Upon dissolution, amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of poorly water-soluble compounds can generate supersaturated solutions consisting of bound and free drug species that are in dynamic equilibrium with each other. Only free drug is available for absorption. Drug species bound to bile micelles, polymer excipients, and amorphous and crystalline precipitate can reduce the drug solute's activity to permeate, but they can also serve as reservoirs to replenish free drug in solution lost to absorption. However, with multiple processes of dissolution, absorption, and speciation occurring simultaneously, it may become challenging to understand which processes lead to an increase or decrease in drug solution concentration. Closed, nonsink dissolution testing methods used routinely, in the absence of drug removal, allow only for static equilibrium to exist and obscure the impact of each drug species on absorption. An artificial gut simulator (AGS) introduced recently consists of a hollow fiber-based absorption module and allows mass transfer of the drug from the dissolution media at a physiological rate after tuning the operating parameters. In the present work, ASDs of varying drug loadings were prepared with a BCS-II model compound, ketoconazole (KTZ), and hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) polymer. Simultaneous dissolution and absorption testing of the ASDs was conducted with the AGS, and simple analytical techniques were utilized to elucidate the impact of bound drug species on absorption. In all cases, a lower amount of crystalline precipitate was formed in the presence of absorption relative to the nonsink dissolution "control". However, formation of HPMCAS-bound drug species and crystalline precipitate significantly reduced KTZ absorption. Moreover, at high drug loading, inclusion of an absorption module was shown to enhance ASD dissolution. The rank ordering of the ASDs with respect to dissolution was significantly different when nonsink dissolution versus AGS was used, and this discrepancy could be mechanistically elucidated by understanding drug dissolution and speciation in the presence of absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Helen Hou
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ronald A Siegel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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4
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Yang S, Hu Z, Wu P, Kirk T, Chen XD. In vitro release and bioaccessibility of oral solid preparations in a dynamic gastrointestinal system simulating fasted and fed states: A case study of metformin hydrochloride tablets. Int J Pharm 2024; 652:123869. [PMID: 38296171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Food and formulation characteristics are crucial factors affecting the gastrointestinal release and absorption kinetics of oral solid preparations. In the present study, the dynamic continuous release and bioaccessibility of metformin hydrochloride immediate-release (IR) and sustained-release (SR) tablets were investigated in the dynamic human stomach-intestine (DHSI-IV) system simulating fasted and fed states in healthy adults. Both tablet formulations (particularly IR tablet) exhibited a postponed release in the fed state compared to the fasted state. Correspondingly, the bioaccessible fraction of metformin from IR tablets in the presence of high-fat meal was significantly reduced to 76.2 % of the fasted state. However, the in vitro bioaccessibility was less impaired by food for SR tablets with a fed/fasted ratio of 95.5 %. A convolution-based approach was used to convert in vitro bioaccessibility results to plasma concentration data. The predicted plasma concentration curve showed good agreement with human data in terms of pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters. In the fasted state, the predicted Cmax, Tmax and AUC0-24h of IR tablets were 943.9 ± 25.7 ng/mL, 2.0 ± 0.4 h and 7090.7 ± 112.0 ng.h/mL, respectively, mirroring values observed in healthy subjects. Overall, the DHSI-IV system has demonstrated potential to assess and predict the impact of meal intake on the in vivo release and absorption behaviors of oral solid preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Yang
- Life Quality Engineering Interest Group, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China; Xiao Dong Pro-health (Suzhou) Instrumentation Co Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215152, China
| | - Zejun Hu
- Life Quality Engineering Interest Group, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China; Xiao Dong Pro-health (Suzhou) Instrumentation Co Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215152, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Life Quality Engineering Interest Group, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China.
| | - Tim Kirk
- Life Quality Engineering Interest Group, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China
| | - Xiao Dong Chen
- Life Quality Engineering Interest Group, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China.
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Islam N, Ullah Khan N, Razzaq A, Ullah Khan Z, Menaa F, Alfaifi MY, Elbehairi SEI, Iqbal H, Ni J. Self-emulsifying micelles as a drug nanocarrier system for itraconazole oral bioavailability enhancement; in vitro and in vivo assessment. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101839. [PMID: 37965489 PMCID: PMC10641562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Itraconazole (ITZ) is a renowned antifungal medication, however its therapeutic efficacy is limited by low solubility and oral bioavailability. The current research work attempted to augment the oral bioavailability of ITZ by incorporating into self-emulsifying micelles (SEMCs). To fabricate the SEMCs, various preparation techniques including physical mixture, melt-emulsification, solvent evaporation and kneading, were opted by using different weight ratio of drug and solubilizers i.e. Gelucire-50/13 or Gelucire-44/14 and characterized both in vitro and in vivo. The prepared SEMCs were found to be in the size range from 63.4 ± 5.2 to 284.2 ± 19.5 nm with surface charges ranging from -16 ± 1.2 to -27 ± 2.0 mV. The drug solubility was improved to a reasonable extent with all investigated formulations, however, SEMCs in group 6 prepared by kneading method (KMG6) using Gelucire-44/14: drug (10:1 presented 87.6 folds' increase (964.93 ± 2 μg/mL) compared to solubility of crystalline ITZ (11 ± 2 μg/mL) through kneading method. In addition, KMG6 SEMCs shows the fast drug release compared to other SEMCs. Further, KMG6 SEMCs also exhibited 5.12-fold higher relative intestinal serosal fluid absorption compared to crystalline ITZ. The pharmacokinetic parameters such Cmax, AUC and Tmax of KMG6 SEMCs significantly improved compared to crystalline ITZ. In conclusion, the manipulation of ITZ solubility, dissolution rate and absorption using SEMCs is a promising strategy for bioavailability enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayyer Islam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Anam Razzaq
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zaheer Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Farid Menaa
- Departments of Oncology and Nanomedicine, California Innovations Corporation, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mohammad Y. Alfaifi
- King Khalid University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Haroon Iqbal
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Jiang Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
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6
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Gan Y, Xu Y, Zhang X, Hu H, Xiao W, Yu Z, Sun T, Zhang J, Wen C, Zheng S. Revisiting Supersaturation of a Biopharmaceutical Classification System IIB Drug: Evaluation via a Multi-Cup Dissolution Approach and Molecular Dynamic Simulation. Molecules 2023; 28:6962. [PMID: 37836805 PMCID: PMC10574532 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As a subclass of the biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II, basic drugs (BCS IIB) exhibit pH-dependent solubility and tend to generate supersaturation in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to less qualified in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC). This study aims to develop a physiologically based multi-cup dissolution approach to improve the evaluation of the supersaturation for a higher quality of IVIVC and preliminarily explores the molecular mechanism of supersaturation and precipitation of ketoconazole affected by Polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer (PVPVA) and hydroxypropyl methyl-cellulose (HPMC). The concentration of ketoconazole in each cup of the dynamic gastrointestinal model (DGIM) was measured using fiber optical probes. Molecular interactions between ketoconazole and PVPVA or HPMC were simulated by Materials Studio. The results demonstrated that PVPVA and HPMC improved and maintained the supersaturation of ketoconazole. PVPVA exhibited superior precipitation inhibitory effect on ketoconazole molecule aggregation due to slightly stronger van der Waals forces as well as unique electrostatic forces, thereby further enhancing in vitro drug absorption, which correlated well with in vivo drug absorption. Compared with a conventional dissolution apparatus paddle method, the DGIM improved the mean prediction error through the IVIVC from 19.30% to 9.96%, reaching the qualification criteria. In conclusion, the physiologically based multi-cup dissolution approach enables improved evaluation of supersaturation in gastrointestinal transportation of BCS IIB drug ketoconazole, enabling screening screen precipitation inhibitors and achieving qualified IVIVC for drug formulation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiong Gan
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Yaxin Xu
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huiling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China (J.Z.)
| | - Wenke Xiao
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Zheng Yu
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Tao Sun
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.G.); (T.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China (J.Z.)
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China (J.Z.)
| | - Chuanbiao Wen
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Shichao Zheng
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Y.G.); (T.S.)
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7
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Nunes PD, Pinto JF, Bauer-Brandl A, Brandl M, Henriques J, Paiva AM. In vitro dissolution/permeation tools for amorphous solid dispersions bioavailability forecasting I: Experimental design for PermeaLoop™. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 188:106512. [PMID: 37423576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Along with the increasing demand for candidate-enabling formulations comes the need for appropriate in vitro bioavailability forecasting. Dissolution/permeation (D/P) systems employing cell-free permeation barriers are increasingly gaining interest, due to their low cost and easy application as passive diffusion bio-predictive profiling in drug product development, as this accounts for nearly 75% of new chemical entities (NCEs) absorption mechanism. To this end, this study comprises theoretical considerations on the design and experimental work towards the establishment and optimization of a PermeaLoop™ based dissolution/permeation assay to simultaneously evaluate the drug release and permeation using Itraconazole (ITZ)-based amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) formulations, with different drug loads, based on a solvent-shift approach. Alternative method conditions were tested such as: donor medium, acceptor medium and permeation barrier were screened using both PermeaPad® and PermeaPlain® 96-well plates. A range of solubilizers, namely Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate, Vitamin E-TPGS and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, were screened as possible solubilizing additives to the acceptor medium, while donor medium was varied between blank FaSSIF (phosphate buffer) and FaSSIF. The method optimization also included the ITZ dose selection, being the ITZ single dose (100 mg) considered the most adequate to be used in further experiments to allow the comparison with in vivo studies. In the end, a standardized approach that may be applied to predict the bioavailability of weakly basic poorly soluble drug-based formulations is described, contributing to strengthening the analytical portfolio of in vitro pre-clinical drug product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia D Nunes
- R&D Analytical Development, Hovione Farmaciência S.A., Campus do Lumiar, Building S, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal; R&D Oral Drug Product Development, Hovione Farmaciência S.A., Campus do Lumiar, Building S, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.Ulisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João F Pinto
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.Ulisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Annette Bauer-Brandl
- Drug Transport and Delivery Group, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense DK, 5230, Denmark
| | - Martin Brandl
- Drug Transport and Delivery Group, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense DK, 5230, Denmark.
| | - João Henriques
- R&D Oral Drug Product Development, Hovione Farmaciência S.A., Campus do Lumiar, Building S, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Mafalda Paiva
- R&D Analytical Development, Hovione Farmaciência S.A., Campus do Lumiar, Building S, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal
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8
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Nunes PD, Ferreira AF, Pinto JF, Bauer-Brandl A, Brandl M, Henriques J, Paiva AM. In vitro dissolution/permeation tools for amorphous solid dispersions bioavailability forecasting II: Comparison and mechanistic insights. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 188:106513. [PMID: 37423577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Along with the increasing demand for complex formulations comes the need for appropriate in vitro methodologies capable of predicting their corresponding in vivo performance and the mechanisms controlling the drug release which can impact on in vivo drug absorption. In vitro dissolution-permeation (D/P) methodologies that can account for the effects of enabling formulations on the permeability of drugs are increasingly being used in performance ranking during early development stages. This work comprised the application of two different cell-free in vitro D/P setups: BioFLUX™ and PermeaLoop™ to evaluate the dissolution-permeation interplay upon drug release from itraconazole (ITZ)- HPMCAS amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of different drug loads. A solvent-shift approach was employed, from a simulated gastric environment to a simulated intestinal environment in the donor compartment. PermeaLoop™ was then combined with microdialysis sampling to separate the dissolved (free) drug from other species present in solution, like micelle-bound drug and drug-rich colloids, in real time. This setup was applied to clarify the mechanisms for drug release and permeation from these ASDs. In parallel, a pharmacokinetic study (dog model) was conducted to assess the drug absorption from these ASDs and to compare the in vivo results with the data obtained from each in vitro D/P setup, allowing to infer which would be the most adequate setup for ASD ranking. Even though both D/P systems resulted in the same qualitative ranking, BioFLUX™ overpredicted the difference between the in vivo AUC of two ASDs, whereas PermeaLoop™ permeation flux resulted in a good correlation with the AUC observed in pharmacokinetic studies (dog model) (R2 ≈ 0.98). Also, PermeaLoop™ combined with a microdialysis sampling probe clarified the mechanisms for drug release and permeation from these ASDs. It demonstrated that the free drug was the only driving force for permeation, while the drug-rich colloids kept permeation active for longer periods by acting as drug reservoirs and maintaining constant high levels of free drug in solution, which are then immediately able to permeate. Hence, the data obtained points BioFLUX™ and PermeaLoop™ applications to different momentums in the drug product development pipeline: while BioFLUX™, an automated standardized method, poses as a valuable tool for initial ASD ranking during the early development stages, PermeaLoop™ combined with microdialysis sampling allows to gain mechanistic understanding of the dissolution-permeation interplay, being crucial to fine tune and identify leading ASD candidates prior to in vivo testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia D Nunes
- R&D Analytical Development, Hovione Farmaciência S.A., Campus do Lumiar, Building S, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal; R&D Oral Drug Product Development, Hovione Farmaciência S.A., Campus do Lumiar, Building S, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.Ulisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Ferreira
- R&D Analytical Development, Hovione Farmaciência S.A., Campus do Lumiar, Building S, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João F Pinto
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.Ulisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Annette Bauer-Brandl
- Drug Transport and Delivery Group, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Martin Brandl
- Drug Transport and Delivery Group, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense DK-5230, Denmark.
| | - João Henriques
- R&D Oral Drug Product Development, Hovione Farmaciência S.A., Campus do Lumiar, Building S, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Mafalda Paiva
- R&D Analytical Development, Hovione Farmaciência S.A., Campus do Lumiar, Building S, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal
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9
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Takagi T, Masada T, Minami K, Kataoka M, Yamashita S. Development of an In Vitro Methodology to Assess the Bioequivalence of Orally Disintegrating Tablets Taken without Water. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2192. [PMID: 37765162 PMCID: PMC10535823 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the probability of bioequivalence (BE) between orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) taken without water and conventional tablets (CTs) taken with water, an in vitro biorelevant methodology was developed using the BE Checker, which reproduces fluid shifts in the gastrointestinal tract and drug permeation. In addition to the fluid shift from the stomach to the small intestine, the process of ODT disintegration in a small amount of fluid in the oral cavity and the difference in gastric emptying caused by differences in water intake were incorporated into the evaluation protocol. Assuming a longer time to maximum plasma concentration after oral administration of ODTs taken without water than for CTs taken with water due to a delay in gastric emptying, the fluid shift in the donor chamber of the BE Checker without water was set longer than that taken with water. In the case of naftopidil ODTs and CTs, the values of the f2 function, representing the similarity of the permeation profiles, were 50 or higher when the fluid shift in ODTs taken without water was set at 1.5 or 2 times longer than that of the CTs taken with water. The values of the f2 function in permeation profiles of pitavastatin and memantine ODTs were both 62 when the optimized experimental settings for naftopidil formulations were applied. This methodology can be useful in formulation studies for estimating the BE probability between ODTs and CTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Takagi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Takato Masada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Keiko Minami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Makoto Kataoka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamashita
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
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10
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Wang Z, Lou H, Dening TJ, Hageman MJ. Biorelevant Dissolution Method Considerations for the Appropriate Evaluation of Amorphous Solid Dispersions: are Two Stages Necessary? J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1089-1107. [PMID: 36529266 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Biorelevant dissolution testing has been widely used to better understand a drug or formulation's behavior in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The successful evaluation of biorelevant dissolution behavior requires recognizing the importance of utilizing suitable biorelevant media in conjunction with an appropriate dissolution method, especially for supersaturating drug delivery systems, such as amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). However, most conventional biorelevant dissolution testing methods are not able to accurately reflect the dissolution, supersaturation, and precipitation tendencies of a drug or formulation, which could misinform ASD formulation screening and optimization. In this study, we developed a single compartment 2-stage pH-shift dissolution testing method to simulate the changes in pH, media composition, and transit time in the GI tract, and results were compared against the conventional single compartment 1-stage dissolution method. Nine model drugs were selected based on their ionization properties (i.e. acid, base or neutral) and precipitation tendency (i.e. moderate or slow crystallizer). The dissolution results confirmed that 2-stage pH-shift dissolution is the preferred biorelevant dissolution method to assess non-ionized weak base (nifedipine) and neutral (griseofulvin) compounds exhibiting a moderate precipitation rate from solution when formulated as ASDs. Finally, we designed a flowchart guidance for the appropriate biorelevant dissolution performance characterization of different categories of ASD formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxian Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
| | - Hao Lou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA; Biopharmaceutical Innovation & Optimization Center, McCollum Laboratories, The University of Kansas. Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
| | - Tahnee J Dening
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
| | - Michael J Hageman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA; Biopharmaceutical Innovation & Optimization Center, McCollum Laboratories, The University of Kansas. Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA.
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Kuminek G, Salehi N, Waltz NM, Sperry DC, Greenwood DE, Hate SS, Amidon GE. Use of Gastrointestinal Simulator, Mass Transport Analysis, and Absorption Simulation to Investigate the Impact of pH Modifiers in Mitigating Weakly Basic Drugs' Performance Issues Related to Gastric pH: Palbociclib Case Study. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:147-158. [PMID: 36367432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that reduced gastric acidity, for example with concomitant administration of acid reducing agents, can result in variable pharmacokinetics and decreased absorption of weakly basic drugs. It is important to identify the risk of reduced and variable absorption early in development, so that product design options to address the risk can be considered. This article describes the utilization of in vitro and in silico tools to predict the effect of gastric pH, as well as the impact of adding pH modifiers, in mitigating the effect of acid reducing agents on weak base drugs' dissolution and absorption. Palbociclib, a weakly basic drug, was evaluated in low and high gastric pH conditions in a multicompartmental dissolution apparatus referred to as a gastrointestinal simulator (GIS). The GIS permits the testing of pharmaceutical products in a way that better assesses dissolution under physiologically relevant conditions of pH, buffer concentration, formulation additives, and physiological variations including GI pH, buffer concentrations, secretions, stomach emptying rate, residence time in the GI, and aqueous luminal volume. To predict drug dissolution in the GIS, a hierarchical mass transport model was used and validated using in vitro experimental data. Dissolution results were then compared to observed human clinical plasma data with and without proton pump inhibitors using a GastroPlus absorption model to predict palbociclib plasma profiles and pharmacokinetic parameters. The results showed that the in silico model successfully predicted palbociclib dissolution in the GIS under low and high gastric pH conditions with and without pH modifiers. Furthermore, the GIS data coupled with the in silico tools anticipated (1) the reduced palbociclib exposure due to proton pump inhibitor coadministration and (2) the mitigating effect of a pH-modifying agent. This study provides tools to help in the development of orally administered formulations to overcome the effect of elevated gastric pH, especially when formulating with pH modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Kuminek
- Synthetic Molecule Design & Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana46285, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan48109, United States
| | - Niloufar Salehi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan48109, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan48109, United States
| | - Nicholas M Waltz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan48109, United States.,College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States
| | - David C Sperry
- Synthetic Molecule Design & Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana46285, United States
| | - Dale E Greenwood
- Synthetic Molecule Design & Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana46285, United States
| | - Siddhi S Hate
- Synthetic Molecule Design & Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana46285, United States
| | - Gregory E Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan48109, United States
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12
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Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Bermejo M, Tsume Y, Ruiz-Picazo A, Gonzalez-Alvarez M, Hens B, Garcia-Arieta A, Amidon GE, Amidon GL. An In Vivo Predictive Dissolution Methodology (iPD Methodology) with a BCS Class IIb Drug Can Predict the In Vivo Bioequivalence Results: Etoricoxib Products. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040507. [PMID: 33917118 PMCID: PMC8067797 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to predict in vivo performance of three oral products of Etoricoxib (Arcoxia® as reference and two generic formulations in development) by conducting in vivo predictive dissolution with GIS (Gastro Intestinal Simulator) and computational analysis. Those predictions were compared with the results from previous bioequivalence (BE) human studies. Product dissolution studies were performed using a computer-controlled multicompartmental dissolution device (GIS) equipped with three dissolution chambers, representing stomach, duodenum, and jejunum, with integrated transit times and secretion rates. The measured dissolved amounts were modelled in each compartment with a set of differential equations representing transit, dissolution, and precipitation processes. The observed drug concentration by in vitro dissolution studies were directly convoluted with permeability and disposition parameters from literature to generate the predicted plasma concentrations. The GIS was able to detect the dissolution differences among reference and generic formulations in the gastric chamber where the drug solubility is high (pH 2) while the USP 2 standard dissolution test at pH 2 did not show any difference. Therefore, the current study confirms the importance of multicompartmental dissolution testing for weak bases as observed for other case examples but also the impact of excipients on duodenal and jejunal in vivo behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (I.G.-A.); (Y.T.); (B.H.); (G.E.A.); (G.L.A.)
- Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (A.R.-P.); (M.G.-A.)
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (I.G.-A.); (Y.T.); (B.H.); (G.E.A.); (G.L.A.)
- Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (A.R.-P.); (M.G.-A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-965-919217
| | - Yasuhiro Tsume
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (I.G.-A.); (Y.T.); (B.H.); (G.E.A.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Alejandro Ruiz-Picazo
- Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (A.R.-P.); (M.G.-A.)
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (A.R.-P.); (M.G.-A.)
| | - Bart Hens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (I.G.-A.); (Y.T.); (B.H.); (G.E.A.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Alfredo Garcia-Arieta
- División de Farmacología y Evaluación Clínica, Departamento de Medicamentos de Uso Humano, Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios, 28022 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Greg E. Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (I.G.-A.); (Y.T.); (B.H.); (G.E.A.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Gordon L. Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (I.G.-A.); (Y.T.); (B.H.); (G.E.A.); (G.L.A.)
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13
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Tsume Y, Patel S, Wang M, Hermans A, Kesisoglou F. The Introduction of a New Flexible In Vivo Predictive Dissolution Apparatus, GIS-Alpha (GIS-α), to Study Dissolution Profiles of BCS Class IIb Drugs, Dipyridamole and Ketoconazole. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:3471-3479. [PMID: 32888960 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The physiological pH changes and peristalsis activities in gastrointestinal (GI) tract have big impact on the dissolution of oral drug products, when those oral drug products include APIs with pH-dependent solubility. It is well documented that predicting the bioperformance of those oral drug products can be challenging using compendial methods. To overcome this limitation, in vivo predictive dissolution apparatuses, such as the transfer model, have been developed to predict bioperformance of oral formulation candidates and drug products. In this manuscript we utilize a new transfer-model dissolution apparatus, the gastrointestinal simulator-α (GIS-α), to characterize its behavior in terms of transfer kinetics and pH, assess its reproducibility and adaptability to mimic different transfer conditions, as well as study dissolution of ketoconazole and dipyridamole as model BCS class IIb compounds. Availability of commercially available dissolution transfer systems with similar configuration to compendial dissolution apparatus, may be helpful to simplify and standardize in vivo predictive dissolution methodologies for BCS class IIb compounds in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Tsume
- Biopharmaceutics, Merck & Co. Inc, Rahway, NJ 07065-0900, USA.
| | | | - Michael Wang
- Biopharmaceutics, Merck & Co. Inc, Rahway, NJ 07065-0900, USA
| | - Andre Hermans
- Analytical Science, Merck & Co. Inc, Rahway, NJ 07065-0900, USA
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14
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Enright EF, Joyce SA, Gahan CG, Taylor LS. Impact of phospholipid digests and bile acid pool variations on the crystallization of atazanavir from supersaturated solutions. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 153:68-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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The solubility, permeability and the dose as key factors in formulation development for oral lipophilic drugs: Maximizing the bioavailability of carbamazepine with a cosolvent-based formulation. Int J Pharm 2020; 582:119307. [PMID: 32276090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate drug dose, solubility, permeability, and their interplay, as key factors in oral formulation development for lipophilic drugs. A PEG400-based formulation was studied for five doses of the lipophilic drug carbamazepine, accounting for biorelevant dissolution of the dose in the GIT, and in-vivo bioavailability in rats. With the three lower doses (10, 25 and 50 mg/kg), complete in-vitro dissolution was achieved and maintained throughout the experiment with this formulation, while significant precipitation was obtained with higher doses (100 and 200 mg/kg). Likewise, the studied formulation allowed complete bioavailability in-vivo with the three lower doses, while the same formulation allowed only 76% and 42% bioavailability for the 100 and 200 mg/kg doses, respectively. There was good correlation between the in-vitro and in-vivo results. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that the dose is a crucial factor in formulation development; while a given formulation may be optimal for a certain drug dose, it may no longer be optimal for higher doses of the same drug. Hence, the solubility, the permeability, and their interplay, have to be considered in light of the drug dose intended to be administered in order to achieve successful oral formulation development.
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Hens B, Kataoka M, Ueda K, Gao P, Tsume Y, Augustijns P, Kawakami K, Yamashita S. Biopredictive in vitro testing methods to assess intestinal drug absorption from supersaturating dosage forms. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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17
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Tsume Y, Igawa N, Drelich AJ, Ruan H, Amidon GE, Amidon GL. The in vivo predictive dissolution for immediate release dosage of donepezil and danazol, BCS class IIc drugs, with the GIS and the USP II with biphasic dissolution apparatus. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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O’Dwyer PJ, Imanidis G, Box KJ, Reppas C. On the Usefulness of Two Small-Scale In Vitro Setups in the Evaluation of Luminal Precipitation of Lipophilic Weak Bases in Early Formulation Development. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030272. [PMID: 32188116 PMCID: PMC7151110 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A small-scale biphasic dissolution setup and a small-scale dissolution-permeation (D-P) setup were evaluated for their usefulness in simulating the luminal precipitation of three lipophilic weak bases—dipyridamole, ketoconazole and itraconazole. The transition from the gastric to intestinal environment was incorporated into both experimental procedures. Emulsification during the biphasic dissolution experiments had a minimal impact on the data, when appropriate risk mitigation steps were incorporated. Precipitation parameters estimated from the in vitro data were inputted into the Simcyp® physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling software and simulated human plasma profiles were compared with previously published pharmacokinetic data. Average Cmax and AUC values estimated using experimentally derived precipitation parameters from the biphasic experiments deviated from corresponding published actual values less than values estimated using the default simulator parameters for precipitation. The slow rate of transport through the biomimetic membrane in the D-P setup limited its usefulness in forecasting the rates of in vivo precipitation used in the modelling of average plasma profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. O’Dwyer
- Pion Inc. (UK) Ltd., Forest Row, East Sussex RH18 5DW, UK; (P.J.O.); (K.J.B.)
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR 157 84 Zografou, Greece
| | - Georgios Imanidis
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, CH 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karl J. Box
- Pion Inc. (UK) Ltd., Forest Row, East Sussex RH18 5DW, UK; (P.J.O.); (K.J.B.)
| | - Christos Reppas
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR 157 84 Zografou, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-727-4678; Fax: +30-210-727-4027
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19
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Spray-Dried Amorphous Solid Dispersions of Griseofulvin in HPC/Soluplus/SDS: Elucidating the Multifaceted Impact of SDS as a Minor Component. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030197. [PMID: 32106495 PMCID: PMC7150901 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the impact of a common anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), along with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and Soluplus (Sol) on the release of griseofulvin (GF), a poorly soluble drug, from amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Solutions of 2.5% GF and 2.5%–12.5% HPC/Sol with 0.125% SDS/without SDS were prepared in acetone–water and spray-dried. The solid-state characterization of the ASDs suggests that GF–Sol had better miscibility and stronger interactions than GF–HPC and formed XRPD-amorphous GF, whereas HPC-based ASDs, especially the ones with a lower HPC loading, had crystalline GF. The dissolution tests show that without SDS, ASDs provided limited GF supersaturation (max. 250%) due to poor wettability of Sol-based ASDs and extensive GF recrystallization in HPC-based ASDs (max. 50%). Sol-based ASDs with SDS exhibited a dramatic increase in supersaturation (max. 570%), especially at a higher Sol loading, whereas HPC-based ASDs with SDS did not. SDS did not interfere with Sol’s ability to inhibit GF recrystallization, as confirmed by the precipitation from the supersaturated state and PLM imaging. The favorable use of SDS in a ternary ASD was attributed to both the wettability enhancement and its inability to promote GF recrystallization when used as a minor component along with Sol.
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20
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Gan Y, Zhang X, Xu D, Zhang H, Baak JP, Luo L, Xia Y, Wang J, Ke X, Sun P. Evaluating supersaturation in vitro and predicting its performance in vivo with Biphasic gastrointestinal Simulator: A case study of a BCS IIB drug. Int J Pharm 2020; 578:119043. [PMID: 31962190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop an evaluation approach for supersaturation by employing an in vitro bio-mimicking apparatus designed to predict in vivo performance. The Biphasic Gastrointestinal Simulator (BGIS) is composed of three chambers with absorption phases that represent the stomach, duodenum, and jejunum, respectively. The concentration of apatinib in each chamber was detected by fiber optical probes in situ. The dissolution data and the pharmacokinetic data were correlated by GastroplusTM. The precipitates were characterized by polarizing microscope, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Powder X-ray diffraction and Differential scanning calorimetry. According to the results, Vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer (CoPVP) prolonged supersaturation by improving solubility and inhibiting crystallization, while Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) prolonged supersaturation by inhibiting crystallization alone. Furthermore, a predictive in vitro-in vivo correlation was established, which confirmed the anti-precipitation effect of CoPVP and HPMC on in vitro performance and in vivo behavior. In conclusion, CoPVP and HPMC increased and prolonged the supersaturation of apatinib, and then improved its bioavailability. Moreover, BGIS was demonstrated to be a significant approach for simulating in vivo conditions for in vitro-in vivo correlation in a supersaturation study. This study presents a promising approach for evaluating supersaturation, screening precipitation inhibitors in vitro, and predicting their performances in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiong Gan
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Jiangsu Yuanchuang Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Dengqiu Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Hongjuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Yuanchuang Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jan P Baak
- Department of Molecular Quantitative Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger 4068, Norway; Dr. Med. Jan Baak AS, Tananger 4056, Norway
| | - Lin Luo
- Jiangsu Yuanchuang Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yulong Xia
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- Jiangsu Yuanchuang Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Xue Ke
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Piaoyang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222002, PR China.
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Borbás E, Kádár S, Tsinman K, Tsinman O, Csicsák D, Takács-Novák K, Völgyi G, Sinkó B, Pataki H. Prediction of Bioequivalence and Food Effect Using Flux- and Solubility-Based Methods. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4121-4130. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enikő Borbás
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest H-1111, Hungary
| | - Szabina Kádár
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest H-1111, Hungary
| | | | - Oksana Tsinman
- Pion Inc, Billerica, Massachuesetts 01821, United States
| | - Dóra Csicsák
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1092, Hungary
| | | | - Gergely Völgyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1092, Hungary
| | - Bálint Sinkó
- Pion Inc, Billerica, Massachuesetts 01821, United States
| | - Hajnalka Pataki
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest H-1111, Hungary
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22
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Shrivas M, Khunt D, Shrivas M, Choudhari M, Rathod R, Misra M. Advances in In Vivo Predictive Dissolution Testing of Solid Oral Formulations: How Closer to In Vivo Performance? J Pharm Innov 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-019-09392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Sardana K, Khurana A, Gupta A. Parameters that determine dissolution and efficacy of itraconazole and its relevance to recalcitrant dermatophytoses. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2019; 12:443-452. [PMID: 30952196 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2019.1604218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recalcitrant dermatophytoses is on the rise. Though myriad factors contribute to recalcitrance including terbinafine resistance, itraconazole largely remains sensitive. However, there are increasing instances of patients not responding adequately to itraconazole despite low MICs, probably due to issues plaguing the pelletization process, resulting in suboptimal quality. Data on this topic was searched on pubmed using the search items: itraconazole, MIC, MFC, quality, assay, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, dermatophytoses, and recalcitrance. Areas covered: A detailed analysis of the manufacturing process of itraconazole with emphasis on pelletization and parameters affecting the dissolution and bioavailability is presented. Important formulation factors including drug-polymer ratio, polymer type, coating thickness, bead size, and number are discussed. Also covered is the rationale of dosimetry of itraconazole in dermatophytoses based on the skin pharmacokinetics and MIC of the organism. Expert opinion: The process of pelletization has multiple components aiming to achieve maximum dissolution of the drug. Variations in the process, pellet quality, number, and polymer determine absorption. Morphometric analysis of pellets is a simple method to quantify quality of the drug. Once the process has been standardized, dosimetry depends on the route of secretion and site of infection, accounting for the variation of doses from 100 mg to 400 mg/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabir Sardana
- a Department of Dermatology , Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital , New Delhi , India
| | - Ananta Khurana
- a Department of Dermatology , Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital , New Delhi , India
| | - Aastha Gupta
- a Department of Dermatology , Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital , New Delhi , India
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24
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Bermejo M, Kuminek G, Al-Gousous J, Ruiz-Picazo A, Tsume Y, Garcia-Arieta A, González-Alvarez I, Hens B, Amidon GE, Rodriguez-Hornedo N, Amidon GL, Mudie D. Exploring Bioequivalence of Dexketoprofen Trometamol Drug Products with the Gastrointestinal Simulator (GIS) and Precipitation Pathways Analyses. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11030122. [PMID: 30884755 PMCID: PMC6471271 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11030122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work aimed to explain the differences in oral performance in fasted humans who were categorized into groups based on the three different drug product formulations of dexketoprofen trometamol (DKT) salt—Using a combination of in vitro techniques and pharmacokinetic analysis. The non-bioequivalence (non-BE) tablet group achieved higher plasma Cmax and area under the curve (AUC) than the reference and BE tablets groups, with only one difference in tablet composition, which was the presence of calcium monohydrogen phosphate, an alkalinizing excipient, in the tablet core of the non-BE formulation. Concentration profiles determined using a gastrointestinal simulator (GIS) apparatus designed with 0.01 N hydrochloric acid and 34 mM sodium chloride as the gastric medium and fasted state simulated intestinal fluids (FaSSIF-v1) as the intestinal medium showed a faster rate and a higher extent of dissolution of the non-BE product compared to the BE and reference products. These in vitro profiles mirrored the fraction doses absorbed in vivo obtained from deconvoluted plasma concentration–time profiles. However, when sodium chloride was not included in the gastric medium and phosphate buffer without bile salts and phospholipids were used as the intestinal medium, the three products exhibited nearly identical concentration profiles. Microscopic examination of DKT salt dissolution in the gastric medium containing sodium chloride identified that when calcium phosphate was present, the DKT dissolved without conversion to the less soluble free acid, which was consistent with the higher drug exposure of the non-BE formulation. In the absence of calcium phosphate, however, dexketoprofen trometamol salt dissolution began with a nano-phase formation that grew to a liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) and formed the less soluble free acid crystals. This phenomenon was dependent on the salt/excipient concentrations and the presence of free acid crystals in the salt phase. This work demonstrated the importance of excipients and purity of salt phase on the evolution and rate of salt disproportionation pathways. Moreover, the presented data clearly showed the usefulness of the GIS apparatus as a discriminating tool that could highlight the differences in formulation behavior when utilizing physiologically-relevant media and experimental conditions in combination with microscopy imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marival Bermejo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Gislaine Kuminek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Jozef Al-Gousous
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Alejandro Ruiz-Picazo
- Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Yasuhiro Tsume
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Merck and Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | - Alfredo Garcia-Arieta
- Service on Pharmacokinetics and Generic Medicines, Division of Pharmacology and Clinical Evaluation, Department of Human Use Medicines, Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Care Products, 28022 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isabel González-Alvarez
- Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Bart Hens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Gregory E Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Nair Rodriguez-Hornedo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Gordon L Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Deanna Mudie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Drug Product Development and Innovation, Lonza Pharma and Biotech, Bend, OR 97703, USA.
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Lionberger RA. Innovation for Generic Drugs: Science and Research Under the Generic Drug User Fee Amendments of 2012. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019; 105:878-885. [PMID: 30648739 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory science is science and research intended to improve decision making in a regulatory framework. Improvements in decision making can be in both accuracy (making better decisions) and in efficiency (making faster decisions). Science and research supported by the Generic Drug User Fee Amendments of 2012 (GDUFA) have focused on two innovative methodologies that work together to enable new approaches to development and review of generic drugs: quantitative models and advanced in vitro product characterization. Quantitative models faithfully represent current scientific understanding. They are tools pharmaceutical scientists and clinical pharmacologists use for making better and faster product development decisions. Advances in the in vitro product comparisons provide the measurements of product differences that are the critical input into the models. This paper outlines four areas where science and research funded by GDUFA support synergistic use of models and characterization at critical decision points during generic drug product development and review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Lionberger
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Ângelo ML, Ruela ALM, Ferreira ACM, Ramos MVDF, Montanari CM, Silva LMD, Araújo MBD. Evaluating the discriminatory power of a dissolution assay for rosuvastatin calcium capsules: Solid-state properties and dissolution media. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000117520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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27
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Tsume Y, Patel S, Fotaki N, Bergstrӧm C, Amidon GL, Brasseur JG, Mudie DM, Sun D, Bermejo M, Gao P, Zhu W, Sperry DC, Vertzoni M, Parrott N, Lionberger R, Kambayashi A, Hermans A, Lu X, Amidon GE. In Vivo Predictive Dissolution and Simulation Workshop Report: Facilitating the Development of Oral Drug Formulation and the Prediction of Oral Bioperformance. AAPS JOURNAL 2018; 20:100. [PMID: 30191341 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Tsume
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA. .,Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, USA.
| | - Sanjaykumar Patel
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E Lincoln Ave, Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, USA
| | - Nikoletta Fotaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | - Gordon L Amidon
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - James G Brasseur
- Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Duxin Sun
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | | | - Ping Gao
- Abbvie, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, 19486, USA
| | - David C Sperry
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46285, USA
| | - Maria Vertzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Neil Parrott
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Andre Hermans
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, 19486, USA
| | - Xujin Lu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903, USA
| | - Gregory E Amidon
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
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28
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Hens B, Sinko PD, Job N, Dean M, Al-Gousous J, Salehi N, Ziff RM, Tsume Y, Bermejo M, Paixão P, Brasseur JG, Yu A, Talattof A, Benninghoff G, Langguth P, Lennernäs H, Hasler WL, Marciani L, Dickens J, Shedden K, Sun D, Amidon GE, Amidon GL. Formulation predictive dissolution (fPD) testing to advance oral drug product development: An introduction to the US FDA funded '21st Century BA/BE' project. Int J Pharm 2018; 548:120-127. [PMID: 29944899 PMCID: PMC8845961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, formulation predictive dissolution (fPD) testing has gained increasing attention. Another mindset is pushed forward where scientists in our field are more confident to explore the in vivo behavior of an oral drug product by performing predictive in vitro dissolution studies. Similarly, there is an increasing interest in the application of modern computational fluid dynamics (CFD) frameworks and high-performance computing platforms to study the local processes underlying absorption within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In that way, CFD and computing platforms both can inform future PBPK-based in silico frameworks and determine the GI-motility-driven hydrodynamic impacts that should be incorporated into in vitro dissolution methods for in vivo relevance. Current compendial dissolution methods are not always reliable to predict the in vivo behavior, especially not for biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) class 2/4 compounds suffering from a low aqueous solubility. Developing a predictive dissolution test will be more reliable, cost-effective and less time-consuming as long as the predictive power of the test is sufficiently strong. There is a need to develop a biorelevant, predictive dissolution method that can be applied by pharmaceutical drug companies to facilitate marketing access for generic and novel drug products. In 2014, Prof. Gordon L. Amidon and his team initiated a far-ranging research program designed to integrate (1) in vivo studies in humans in order to further improve the understanding of the intraluminal processing of oral dosage forms and dissolved drug along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, (2) advancement of in vitro methodologies that incorporates higher levels of in vivo relevance and (3) computational experiments to study the local processes underlying dissolution, transport and absorption within the intestines performed with a new unique CFD based framework. Of particular importance is revealing the physiological variables determining the variability in in vivo dissolution and GI absorption from person to person in order to address (potential) in vivo BE failures. This paper provides an introduction to this multidisciplinary project, informs the reader about current achievements and outlines future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Hens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Patrick D Sinko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA
| | - Nicholas Job
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA
| | - Meagan Dean
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA
| | - Jozef Al-Gousous
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA
| | - Niloufar Salehi
- Center for the Study of Complex Systems and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA
| | - Robert M Ziff
- Center for the Study of Complex Systems and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Tsume
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA; Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Paulo Paixão
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - James G Brasseur
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Alex Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA
| | - Arjang Talattof
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA
| | - Gail Benninghoff
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA
| | - Peter Langguth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz D-55099, Germany
| | - Hans Lennernäs
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - William L Hasler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Luca Marciani
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Dickens
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kerby Shedden
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA
| | - Gregory E Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA
| | - Gordon L Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA.
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Hens B, Bermejo M, Tsume Y, Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Ruan H, Matsui K, Amidon GE, Cavanagh KL, Kuminek G, Benninghoff G, Fan J, Rodríguez-Hornedo N, Amidon GL. Evaluation and optimized selection of supersaturating drug delivery systems of posaconazole (BCS class 2b) in the gastrointestinal simulator (GIS): An in vitro-in silico-in vivo approach. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 115:258-269. [PMID: 29378253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Supersaturating drug delivery systems (SDDS) have been put forward in the recent decades in order to circumvent the issue of low aqueous solubility. Prior to the start of clinical trials, these enabling formulations should be adequately explored in in vitro/in silico studies in order to understand their in vivo performance and to select the most appropriate and effective formulation in terms of oral bioavailability and therapeutic outcome. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the in vivo performance of four different oral formulations of posaconazole (categorized as a biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) class 2b compound) based on the in vitro concentrations in the gastrointestinal simulator (GIS), coupled with an in silico pharmacokinetic model to predict their systemic profiles. Recently published intraluminal and systemic concentrations of posaconazole for these formulations served as a reference to validate the in vitro and in silico results. Additionally, the morphology of the formed precipitate of posaconazole was visualized and characterized by optical microscopy studies and thermal analysis. This multidisciplinary work demonstrates an in vitro-in silico-in vivo approach that provides a scientific basis for screening SDDS by a user-friendly formulation predictive dissolution (fPD) device in order to rank these formulations towards their in vivo performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Hens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Yasuhiro Tsume
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Isabel Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Department Engineering Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Hao Ruan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kazuki Matsui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Pharmacokinetics Group, Biological Research Department, Sawai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Gregory E Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Katie L Cavanagh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gislaine Kuminek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gail Benninghoff
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jianghong Fan
- Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Naír Rodríguez-Hornedo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gordon L Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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30
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Paixão P, Bermejo M, Hens B, Tsume Y, Dickens J, Shedden K, Salehi N, Koenigsknecht MJ, Baker JR, Hasler WL, Lionberger R, Fan J, Wysocki J, Wen B, Lee A, Frances A, Amidon GE, Yu A, Benninghoff G, Löbenberg R, Talattof A, Sun D, Amidon GL. Gastric emptying and intestinal appearance of nonabsorbable drugs phenol red and paromomycin in human subjects: A multi-compartment stomach approach. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 129:162-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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31
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Tsinman K, Tsinman O, Lingamaneni R, Zhu S, Riebesehl B, Grandeury A, Juhnke M, Van Eerdenbrugh B. Ranking Itraconazole Formulations Based on the Flux through Artificial Lipophilic Membrane. Pharm Res 2018; 35:161. [PMID: 29926245 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2440-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of the study was to evaluate a miniaturized dissolution-permeation apparatus (μFLUX™ apparatus) for its ability to benchmark several itraconazole (ITZ) formulations for which in vivo PK data was available in the literature. METHOD Untreated and micronized powders of ITZ and various enabling formulations of ITZ (commercial Sporanox® solid dispersion, a Soluplus®-based solid dispersion and a nanosuspension) were introduced to the donor compartment of μFLUX™ apparatus. Donor and acceptor chambers were divided from each other by a lipophilic membrane. In addition to the flux evaluations, changes in solid state as a function of time were investigated to gain further insight into the flux changes observed over time for the solid dispersion formulations. RESULTS Initial flux values from Sporanox®, the nanosuspension and the micronized ITZ showed ratios of 52/4/1 with a decreasing flux from nanosuspension and both solid dispersions after 2.5-3 h. Although the initial flux from the Soluplus® formulation was 2.2 times lower than the one observed for Sporanox®, the decrease in flux observed was milder and became ~ 2 times higher than Sporanox® after approximately 2.5 h. The total amounts of ITZ in the receiver compartment after 240 min showed the same rank order as the rodent AUCs of these formulations reported in literature. CONCLUSIONS It was demonstrated that in vitro flux measurements using lipophilic artificial membranes could correctly reproduce the rank order of PK results for ITZ formulations. The drop in flux over time for solid dispersions could be backed by experimental indications of crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oksana Tsinman
- Pion Inc., 10 Cook St, Billerica, Massachusetts, 01821, USA
| | | | - Saijie Zhu
- Technical R&D Shangai Novartis Trading Ltd., Novartis Pharma AG, Shangai, China
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32
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Deshpande TM, Shi H, Pietryka J, Hoag SW, Medek A. Investigation of Polymer/Surfactant Interactions and Their Impact on Itraconazole Solubility and Precipitation Kinetics for Developing Spray-Dried Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:962-974. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi M. Deshpande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Helen Shi
- Vertex Pharmaceutical Incorporated, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - John Pietryka
- Vertex Pharmaceutical Incorporated, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Stephen W. Hoag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Ales Medek
- Vertex Pharmaceutical Incorporated, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
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33
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Promzeleva M, Volkova T, Proshin A, Siluykov O, Mazur A, Tolstoy P, Ivanov S, Kamilov F, Terekhova I. Improved Biopharmaceutical Properties of Oral Formulations of 1,2,4-Thiadiazole Derivative with Cyclodextrins: in Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:491-501. [PMID: 33418739 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesized 1,2,4-thiadiazole derivative displaying biological activity has low aqueous solubility and dissolution rate. Novel oral formulations of thiadiazole with β- and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrins were obtained by grinding and freeze-drying methods with the purpose to improve the aqueous solubility. Complex formation of 1,2,4-thiadiazole derivative with cyclodextrins was confirmed by means of solid-state 13C MAS CP/TOSS NMR. Solubility, dissolution rate and permeability of the solid inclusion complexes were evaluated in different biorelevant media (SGF, FaSSGF, FaSSIF) simulating the conditions in the gastrointestinal tract. It was demonstrated that the content of biorelevant media affects the properties of the inclusion complexes. In particular, solubilizing effect of cyclodextrins became less pronounced when the micelles of taurocholic acid and lecithin are formed in the dissolution media. The inclusion of thiadiazole into cyclodextrin cavity is in competition with its partitioning into the micelles and this should be taken into account when the in vivo behavior is predicted. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments were found to be in agreement and showed the highest solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability of the freeze-dried complexes of thiadiazole with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. These complexes can be proposed as more effective dosage forms for oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Promzeleva
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo 153045, Russia
| | - Tatyana Volkova
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo 153045, Russia
| | - Alexey Proshin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Oleg Siluykov
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo 153045, Russia.,St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Anton Mazur
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Peter Tolstoy
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Sergey Ivanov
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Felix Kamilov
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa 450076, Russia
| | - Irina Terekhova
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo 153045, Russia
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34
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The Combination of GIS and Biphasic to Better Predict In Vivo Dissolution of BCS Class IIb Drugs, Ketoconazole and Raloxifene. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:307-316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Hate SS, Reutzel-Edens SM, Taylor LS. Absorptive Dissolution Testing of Supersaturating Systems: Impact of Absorptive Sink Conditions on Solution Phase Behavior and Mass Transport. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:4052-4063. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siddhi S. Hate
- Department
of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Susan M. Reutzel-Edens
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Lynne S. Taylor
- Department
of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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36
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Hens B, Pathak SM, Mitra A, Patel N, Liu B, Patel S, Jamei M, Brouwers J, Augustijns P, Turner DB. In Silico Modeling Approach for the Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Dissolution, Supersaturation, and Precipitation of Posaconazole. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:4321-4333. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Hens
- College
of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, United States of America
- Drug Delivery & Disposition, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Shriram M. Pathak
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Sheffield S2 4SU, United Kingdom
| | - Amitava Mitra
- Biopharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Sciences & Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States of America
- Sandoz, Inc., West Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States of America
| | - Nikunjkumar Patel
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Sheffield S2 4SU, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Liu
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Sheffield S2 4SU, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjaykumar Patel
- Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences & Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States of America
| | - Masoud Jamei
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Sheffield S2 4SU, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - David B. Turner
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Sheffield S2 4SU, United Kingdom
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37
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Hens B, Tsume Y, Bermejo M, Paixao P, Koenigsknecht MJ, Baker JR, Hasler WL, Lionberger R, Fan J, Dickens J, Shedden K, Wen B, Wysocki J, Loebenberg R, Lee A, Frances A, Amidon G, Yu A, Benninghoff G, Salehi N, Talattof A, Sun D, Amidon GL. Low Buffer Capacity and Alternating Motility along the Human Gastrointestinal Tract: Implications for in Vivo Dissolution and Absorption of Ionizable Drugs. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:4281-4294. [PMID: 28737409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we determined the pH and buffer capacity of human gastrointestinal (GI) fluids (aspirated from the stomach, duodenum, proximal jejunum, and mid/distal jejunum) as a function of time, from 37 healthy subjects after oral administration of an 800 mg immediate-release tablet of ibuprofen (reference listed drug; RLD) under typical prescribed bioequivalence (BE) study protocol conditions in both fasted and fed states (simulated by ingestion of a liquid meal). Simultaneously, motility was continuously monitored using water-perfused manometry. The time to appearance of phase III contractions (i.e., housekeeper wave) was monitored following administration of the ibuprofen tablet. Our results clearly demonstrated the dynamic change in pH as a function of time and, most significantly, the extremely low buffer capacity along the GI tract. The buffer capacity on average was 2.26 μmol/mL/ΔpH in fasted state (range: 0.26 and 6.32 μmol/mL/ΔpH) and 2.66 μmol/mL/ΔpH in fed state (range: 0.78 and 5.98 μmol/mL/ΔpH) throughout the entire upper GI tract (stomach, duodenum, and proximal and mid/distal jejunum). The implication of this very low buffer capacity of the human GI tract is profound for the oral delivery of both acidic and basic active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). An in vivo predictive dissolution method would require not only a bicarbonate buffer but also, more significantly, a low buffer capacity of dissolution media to reflect in vivo dissolution conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Hens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yasuhiro Tsume
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Department of Engineering, Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University , San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Paulo Paixao
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa , Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mark J Koenigsknecht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jason R Baker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - William L Hasler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Robert Lionberger
- Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Jianghong Fan
- Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Joseph Dickens
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kerby Shedden
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bo Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jeffrey Wysocki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Raimar Loebenberg
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7
| | - Allen Lee
- Department of Engineering, Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University , San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Ann Frances
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Greg Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Alex Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Gail Benninghoff
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Niloufar Salehi
- Center for the Study of Complex Systems and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, United States
| | - Arjang Talattof
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Gordon L Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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38
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In vivo analysis of supersaturation/precipitation/absorption behavior after oral administration of pioglitazone hydrochloride salt; determinant site of oral absorption. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:431-438. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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39
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Application of an Artificial Stomach-Duodenum Reduced Gastric pH Dog Model for Formulation Principle Assessment and Mechanistic Performance Understanding. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:1987-1997. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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40
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Amidon GL, Tsume Y. Oral product input to the GI tract: GIS an oral product performance technology. Front Chem Sci Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-017-1658-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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41
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Impaired oral absorption of methylphenidate after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2017; 13:1245-1247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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42
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Gastrointestinal behavior of itraconazole in humans – Part 1: Supersaturation from a solid dispersion and a cyclodextrin-based solution. Int J Pharm 2017; 525:211-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Fine-Shamir N, Beig A, Zur M, Lindley D, Miller JM, Dahan A. Toward Successful Cyclodextrin Based Solubility-Enabling Formulations for Oral Delivery of Lipophilic Drugs: Solubility–Permeability Trade-Off, Biorelevant Dissolution, and the Unstirred Water Layer. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:2138-2146. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noa Fine-Shamir
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Avital Beig
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Moran Zur
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - David Lindley
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | | | - Arik Dahan
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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44
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Tsume Y, Matsui K, Searls AL, Takeuchi S, Amidon GE, Sun D, Amidon GL. The impact of supersaturation level for oral absorption of BCS class IIb drugs, dipyridamole and ketoconazole, using in vivo predictive dissolution system: Gastrointestinal Simulator (GIS). Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 102:126-139. [PMID: 28263914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of formulations and the assessment of oral drug absorption for Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class IIb drugs is often a difficult issue due to the potential for supersaturation and precipitation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The physiological environment in the GI tract largely influences in vivo drug dissolution rates of those drugs. Thus, those physiological factors should be incorporated into the in vitro system to better assess in vivo performance of BCS class IIb drugs. In order to predict oral bioperformance, an in vitro dissolution system with multiple compartments incorporating physiologically relevant factors would be expected to more accurately predict in vivo phenomena than a one-compartment dissolution system like USP Apparatus 2 because, for example, the pH change occurring in the human GI tract can be better replicated in a multi-compartmental platform. The Gastrointestinal Simulator (GIS) consists of three compartments, the gastric, duodenal and jejunal chambers, and is a practical in vitro dissolution apparatus to predict in vivo dissolution for oral dosage forms. This system can demonstrate supersaturation and precipitation and, therefore, has the potential to predict in vivo bioperformance of oral dosage forms where this phenomenon may occur. In this report, in vitro studies were performed with dipyridamole and ketoconazole to evaluate the precipitation rates and the relationship between the supersaturation levels and oral absorption of BCS class II weak base drugs. To evaluate the impact of observed supersaturation levels on oral absorption, a study utilizing the GIS in combination with mouse intestinal infusion was conducted. Supersaturation levels observed in the GIS enhanced dipyridamole and ketoconazole absorption in mouse, and a good correlation between their supersaturation levels and their concentration in plasma was observed. The GIS, therefore, appears to represent in vivo dissolution phenomena and demonstrate supersaturation and precipitation of dipyridamole and ketoconazole. We therefore conclude that the GIS has been shown to be a good biopredictive tool to predict in vivo bioperformance of BCS class IIb drugs that can be used to optimize oral formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Tsume
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, United States
| | - Kazuki Matsui
- Pharmacokinetics Group, Sawai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka 532-0003, Japan
| | - Amanda L Searls
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, United States
| | - Susumu Takeuchi
- Pharmacokinetics Group, Sawai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka 532-0003, Japan
| | - Gregory E Amidon
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, United States
| | - Duxin Sun
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, United States
| | - Gordon L Amidon
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, United States.
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45
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Matsui K, Tsume Y, Takeuchi S, Searls A, Amidon GL. Utilization of Gastrointestinal Simulator, an in Vivo Predictive Dissolution Methodology, Coupled with Computational Approach To Forecast Oral Absorption of Dipyridamole. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1181-1189. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Matsui
- College
of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, United States
- Drug
Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Center, Mochida Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 722 Uenohara, Jimba, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8524, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tsume
- College
of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, United States
| | - Susumu Takeuchi
- Pharmacokinetics
Group, Sawai Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 5-2-30, Miyahara, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-0003, Japan
| | - Amanda Searls
- College
of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, United States
| | - Gordon L. Amidon
- College
of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, United States
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46
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Prediction of Ketoconazole absorption using an updated in vitro transfer model coupled to physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 100:42-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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47
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Beig A, Miller JM, Lindley D, Dahan A. Striking the Optimal Solubility-Permeability Balance in Oral Formulation Development for Lipophilic Drugs: Maximizing Carbamazepine Blood Levels. Mol Pharm 2016; 14:319-327. [PMID: 27981848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the performance of cosolvent based solubility-enabling formulations in oral delivery of lipophilic drugs, accounting for the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) luminal solubilization processes, the solubility-permeability interplay, and the overall in vivo systemic absorption. The poorly soluble antiepileptic agent carbamazepine was formulated in three cosolvent-based formulations: 20%, 60%, and 100% PEG-400, and the apparent solubility and rat permeability of the drug in these formulations were evaluated. The performance of the formulations in the dynamic GIT environment was assessed utilizing the biorelevant pH-dilution method. Then, the overall in vivo drug exposure was investigated following oral administration to rats. The three formulations showed dramatic solubility and permeability differences; the 100% PEG-400 provided the highest solubility enhancement and the 20% the poorest, while the exact opposite was evident from the permeability point of view. The dissolution results indicated that the 20% PEG-400 formulation crashes quickly following oral administration, but both the 60% and the 100% PEG-400 formulations allowed full solubilization of the dose throughout the entire GIT-like journey. The best in vivo performing formulation was the 60% PEG-400 (Fsys > 90%), followed by the 100% PEG-400 (Fsys = 76%), and the 20% PEG-400 formulation (Fsys ≈ 60%). In conclusion, this work demonstrates the in vivo solubility-permeability trade-off in oral delivery of lipophilic drugs; when a solubility-enabling formulation is developed, minimal threshold solubility should be targeted, that is just enough to allow solubilization of the drug dose throughout the GIT, while excess solubilizer should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avital Beig
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Jonathan M Miller
- AbbVie Incorporation , 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - David Lindley
- AbbVie Incorporation , 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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48
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Lu E, Li S, Wang Z. Biorelevant test for supersaturable formulation. Asian J Pharm Sci 2016; 12:9-20. [PMID: 32104309 PMCID: PMC7032141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Supersaturable formulation can generate supersaturation after dissolution, providing kinetic advantage in vivo. However, the supersaturation may precipitate before being absorbed, which makes it difficult to ensure and predict its in vivo performance. The traditional USP method is typically for Quality Control (QC) purpose and cannot be used to predict the formulation in vivo performance. Therefore, there is generally a lack of a predictive biorelevant testing method. In this review, different types of supersaturable formulations are described, including amorphous dispersions, polymorphs, salts/co-crystals, weak base and supersaturable solubilized formulations. Different kinds of in vitro dissolution methods for supersaturable formulations are also reviewed and discussed. Most of the methods take the physiology of gastrointestinal (GI) track into consideration, allowing reasonable prediction of the in vivo performance of supersaturable formulation. However, absorbing drug from GI track into blood stream is a complicate process, which can be affected by different in vivo processes such as transporter and metabolism. These factors cannot be captured by the in vitro testing. Thus, combining in vitro biorelevant dissolution methods with physiology-based pharmacokinetic modeling is a better way for the product development of supersaturable formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enxian Lu
- Shanghai Aucta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., No. 3377 Kangxin Road. SIMZ Pudong, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Shoufeng Li
- Shanghai Aucta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., No. 3377 Kangxin Road. SIMZ Pudong, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Zhongqin Wang
- Shanghai Aucta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., No. 3377 Kangxin Road. SIMZ Pudong, Shanghai 201318, China
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49
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Kourentas A, Vertzoni M, Symillides M, Hens B, Brouwers J, Augustijns P, Reppas C. In vitro evaluation of the impact of gastrointestinal transfer on luminal performance of commercially available products of posaconazole and itraconazole using BioGIT. Int J Pharm 2016; 515:352-358. [PMID: 27732895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Biorelevant Gastrointestinal Transfer system (BioGIT) has been shown to be useful in reproducing concentrations of drugs in the fasted upper small intestine after their administration in the stomach. In the present investigation, we evaluated the impact of gastrointestinal transfer on luminal performance of commercially available products of two highly lipophilic weak bases, posaconazole (Noxafil® suspension) and itraconazole (Sporanox® hard gelatin capsules and Sporanox® oral solution) by comparing % solid fraction, concentrations and supersaturation in the duodenal compartment of BioGIT with recently reported data in the upper small intestine of healthy adults. BioGIT was useful for estimating the % solid fraction in the upper small intestine, in cases where dissolution during gastric residence was incomplete, i.e. after administration of Noxafil® and Sporanox® capsules, and the precipitated fraction of itraconazole in the upper small intestine after administration of Sporanox® solution; median values in vitro were similar to the luminal values. Based on the values for the area under the concentration vs. time data estimated up to 45min post initiation of the experiment, concentrations in the duodenal compartment of BioGIT were similar to previously measured concentrations in the upper small intestine of healthy adults or they overestimated them by up to 2.5 times. In most cases, supersaturation of contents in the upper small intestine was overestimated, partly due to underestimation of luminal solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Kourentas
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Maria Vertzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Mira Symillides
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - Bart Hens
- Drug Delivery & Disposition, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Christos Reppas
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, Greece.
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