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Saloman JL, Epouhe AY, Ruff CF, Albers KM. PDX1, a transcription factor essential for organ differentiation, regulates SERCA-dependent Ca 2+ homeostasis in sensory neurons. Cell Calcium 2024; 120:102884. [PMID: 38574509 PMCID: PMC11188734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) is a transcription factor required for the development and differentiation of the pancreas. Previous studies indicated that PDX1 expression was restricted to the gastrointestinal tract. Using a cre-dependent reporter, we observed PDX1-dependent expression of tdtomato (PDX1-tom) in a subpopulation of sensory nerves. Many of these PDX1-tom afferents expressed the neurofilament 200 protein and projected to the skin. Tdtomato-labeled terminals were associated with hair follicles in the form of longitudinal and circumferential lanceolate endings suggesting a role in tactile and proprioceptive perception. To begin to examine the functional significance of PDX1 in afferents, we used Fura-2 imaging to examine calcium (Ca2+) handling under naïve and nerve injury conditions. Neuropathic injury is associated with increased intracellular Ca2+ signaling that in part results from dysregulation of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium transport ATPase (SERCA). Here we demonstrate that under naïve conditions, PDX1 regulates expression of the SERCA2B isoform in sensory neurons. In response to infraorbital nerve injury, a significant reduction of PDX1 and SERCA2B expression and dysregulation of Ca2+ handling occurs in PDX1-tom trigeminal ganglia neurons. The identification of PDX1 expression in the somatosensory system and its regulation of SERCA2B and Ca2+ handling provide a new mechanism to explain pathological changes in primary afferents that may contribute to pain associated with nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jami L Saloman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Center for Neuroscience and Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Ariel Y Epouhe
- Department of Neurobiology, Center for Neuroscience and Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Catherine F Ruff
- Department of Neurobiology, Center for Neuroscience and Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn M Albers
- Department of Neurobiology, Center for Neuroscience and Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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2
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Li X, He J, Xie K. Molecular signaling in pancreatic ductal metaplasia: emerging biomarkers for detection and intervention of early pancreatic cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:201-225. [PMID: 35290607 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal metaplasia (PDM) is the transformation of potentially various types of cells in the pancreas into ductal or ductal-like cells, which eventually replace the existing differentiated somatic cell type(s). PDM is usually triggered by and manifests its ability to adapt to environmental stimuli and genetic insults. The development of PDM to atypical hyperplasia or dysplasia is an important risk factor for pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Recent studies using genetically engineered mouse models, cell lineage tracing, single-cell sequencing and others have unraveled novel cellular and molecular insights in PDM formation and evolution. Those novel findings help better understand the cellular origins and functional significance of PDM and its regulation at cellular and molecular levels. Given that PDM represents the earliest pathological changes in PDA initiation and development, translational studies are beginning to define PDM-associated cell and molecular biomarkers that can be used to screen and detect early PDA and to enable its effective intervention, thereby truly and significantly reducing the dreadful mortality rate of PDA. This review will describe recent advances in the understanding of PDM biology with a focus on its underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms, and in biomarker discovery with clinical implications for the management of pancreatic regeneration and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Li
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Pathology, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie He
- Institute of Digestive Diseases Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keping Xie
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Department of Pathology, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Li S, Xie K. Ductal metaplasia in pancreas. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188698. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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4
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Malinova A, Veghini L, Real FX, Corbo V. Cell Lineage Infidelity in PDAC Progression and Therapy Resistance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:795251. [PMID: 34926472 PMCID: PMC8675127 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.795251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Infidelity to cell fate occurs when differentiated cells lose their original identity and either revert to a more multipotent state or transdifferentiate into a different cell type, either within the same embryonic lineage or in an entirely different one. Whilst in certain circumstances, such as in wound repair, this process is beneficial, it can be hijacked by cancer cells to drive disease initiation and progression. Cell phenotype switching has been shown to also serve as a mechanism of drug resistance in some epithelial cancers. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the role of lineage infidelity and phenotype switching is still unclear. Two consensus molecular subtypes of PDAC have been proposed that mainly reflect the existence of cell lineages with different degrees of fidelity to pancreatic endodermal precursors. Indeed, the classical subtype of PDAC is characterised by the expression of endodermal lineage specifying transcription factors, while the more aggressive basal-like/squamous subtype is defined by epigenetic downregulation of endodermal genes and alterations in chromatin modifiers. Here, we summarise the current knowledge of mechanisms (genetic and epigenetic) of cell fate switching in PDAC and discuss how pancreatic organoids might help increase our understanding of both cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors governing lineage infidelity during the distinct phases of PDAC evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Malinova
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lisa Veghini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francisco X. Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Department de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Corbo
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- ARC-Net Research Centre, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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REST Inhibits Direct Reprogramming of Pancreatic Exocrine to Endocrine Cells by Preventing PDX1-Mediated Activation of Endocrine Genes. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107591. [PMID: 32375045 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging appreciation of plasticity among pancreatic lineages has created interest in harnessing cellular reprogramming for β cell replacement therapy of diabetes. Current reprogramming methodologies are inefficient, largely because of a limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Using an in vitro reprogramming system, we reveal the transcriptional repressor RE-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) as a barrier for β cell gene expression in the reprogramming of pancreatic exocrine cells. We observe that REST-bound loci lie adjacent to the binding sites of multiple key β cell transcription factors, including PDX1. Accordingly, a loss of REST function combined with PDX1 expression results in the synergistic activation of endocrine genes. This is accompanied by increased histone acetylation and PDX1 binding at endocrine gene loci. Collectively, our data identify a mechanism for REST activity involving the prevention of PDX1-mediated activation of endocrine genes and uncover REST downregulation and the resulting chromatin alterations as key events in β cell reprogramming.
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6
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Wu Y, Aegerter P, Nipper M, Ramjit L, Liu J, Wang P. Hippo Signaling Pathway in Pancreas Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:663906. [PMID: 34079799 PMCID: PMC8165189 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.663906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is a vital regulator of pancreatic development and homeostasis, directing cell fate decisions, morphogenesis, and adult pancreatic cellular plasticity. Through loss-of-function research, Hippo signaling has been found to play key roles in maintaining the proper balance between progenitor cell renewal, proliferation, and differentiation in pancreatic organogenesis. Other studies suggest that overactivation of YAP, a downstream effector of the pathway, promotes ductal cell development and suppresses endocrine cell fate specification via repression of Ngn3. After birth, disruptions in Hippo signaling have been found to lead to de-differentiation of acinar cells and pancreatitis-like phenotype. Further, Hippo signaling directs pancreatic morphogenesis by ensuring proper cell polarization and branching. Despite these findings, the mechanisms through which Hippo governs cell differentiation and pancreatic architecture are yet to be fully understood. Here, we review recent studies of Hippo functions in pancreatic development, including its crosstalk with NOTCH, WNT/β-catenin, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wu
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Department of Obstetrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pauline Aegerter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Michael Nipper
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Logan Ramjit
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Padgett LR, Robertson MA, Anderson‐Baucum EK, Connors CT, Wu W, Mirmira RG, Mastracci TL. Deoxyhypusine synthase, an essential enzyme for hypusine biosynthesis, is required for proper exocrine pancreas development. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21473. [PMID: 33811703 PMCID: PMC8034418 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903177r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic diseases including diabetes and exocrine insufficiency would benefit from therapies that reverse cellular loss and/or restore cellular mass. The identification of molecular pathways that influence cellular growth is therefore critical for future therapeutic generation. Deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) is an enzyme that post-translationally modifies and activates the mRNA translation factor eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A). Previous work demonstrated that the inhibition of DHPS impairs zebrafish exocrine pancreas development; however, the link between DHPS, eIF5A, and regulation of pancreatic organogenesis remains unknown. Herein we identified that the conditional deletion of either Dhps or Eif5a in the murine pancreas results in the absence of acinar cells. Because DHPS catalyzes the activation of eIF5A, we evaluated and uncovered a defect in mRNA translation concomitant with defective production of proteins that influence cellular development. Our studies reveal a heretofore unappreciated role for DHPS and eIF5A in the synthesis of proteins required for cellular development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morgan A. Robertson
- Department of BiologyIndiana University‐Purdue University‐Indianapolis (IUPUI)IndianapolisINUSA
| | | | - Craig T. Connors
- Department of BiologyIndiana University‐Purdue University‐Indianapolis (IUPUI)IndianapolisINUSA
| | - Wenting Wu
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic DiseasesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic DiseasesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Department of PediatricsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Kovler Diabetes Center and the Department of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Teresa L. Mastracci
- Indiana Biosciences Research InstituteIndianapolisINUSA
- Department of BiologyIndiana University‐Purdue University‐Indianapolis (IUPUI)IndianapolisINUSA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic DiseasesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
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8
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Abstract
Pancreatic islet beta cells (β-cells) synthesize and secrete insulin in response to rising glucose levels and thus are a prime target in both major forms of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes ensues due to autoimmune destruction of β-cells. On the other hand, the prevailing insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D) elicits a compensatory response from β-cells that involves increases in β-cell mass and function. However, the sustained metabolic stress results in β-cell failure, characterized by severe β-cell dysfunction and loss of β-cell mass. Dynamic changes to β-cell mass also occur during pancreatic development that involves extensive growth and morphogenesis. These orchestrated events are triggered by multiple signaling pathways, including those representing the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily. TGF-β pathway ligands play important roles during endocrine pancreas development, β-cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, new findings are suggestive of TGF-β's role in regulation of adult β-cell mass and function. Collectively, these findings support the therapeutic utility of targeting TGF-β in diabetes. Summarizing the role of the various TGF-β pathway ligands in β-cell development, growth and function in normal physiology, and during diabetes pathogenesis is the topic of this mini-review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Lee
- Cell Growth and Metabolism Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology & Obesity Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ji-Hyeon Lee
- Cell Growth and Metabolism Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology & Obesity Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sushil G Rane
- Cell Growth and Metabolism Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology & Obesity Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Correspondence: Sushil G. Rane, PhD, Cell Growth and Metabolism Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institutes of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Research Center, Building 10, CRC-West 5-5940, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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9
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Martinez-Useros J, Martin-Galan M, Garcia-Foncillas J. The Match between Molecular Subtypes, Histology and Microenvironment of Pancreatic Cancer and Its Relevance for Chemoresistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:322. [PMID: 33477288 PMCID: PMC7829908 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, several studies based on whole transcriptomic and genomic analyses of pancreatic tumors and their stroma have come to light to supplement histopathological stratification of pancreatic cancers with a molecular point-of-view. Three main molecular studies: Collisson et al. 2011, Moffitt et al. 2015 and Bailey et al. 2016 have found specific gene signatures, which identify different molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer and provide a comprehensive stratification for both a personalized treatment or to identify potential druggable targets. However, the routine clinical management of pancreatic cancer does not consider a broad molecular analysis of each patient, due probably to the lack of target therapies for this tumor. Therefore, the current treatment decision is taken based on patients´ clinicopathological features and performance status. Histopathological evaluation of tumor samples could reveal many other attributes not only from tumor cells but also from their microenvironment specially about the presence of pancreatic stellate cells, regulatory T cells, tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid derived suppressor cells and extracellular matrix structure. In the present article, we revise the four molecular subtypes proposed by Bailey et al. and associate each subtype with other reported molecular subtypes. Moreover, we provide for each subtype a potential description of the tumor microenvironment that may influence treatment response according to the gene expression profile, the mutational landscape and their associated histology.
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10
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Nagaya M, Hasegawa K, Watanabe M, Nakano K, Okamoto K, Yamada T, Uchikura A, Osafune K, Yokota H, Nagaoka T, Matsunari H, Umeyama K, Kobayashi E, Nakauchi H, Nagashima H. Genetically engineered pigs manifesting pancreatic agenesis with severe diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/2/e001792. [PMID: 33257422 PMCID: PMC7705540 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic duodenum homeobox 1 (Pdx1) expression is crucial for pancreatic organogenesis and is a key regulator of insulin gene expression. Hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Hes1) controls tissue morphogenesis by maintaining undifferentiated cells. Hes1 encodes a basic helix loop helix (bHLH) transcriptional repressor and functionally antagonizes positive bHLH genes, such as the endocrine determination gene neurogenin-3. Here, we generated a new pig model for diabetes by genetic engineering Pdx1 and Hes1 genes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A transgenic (Tg) chimera pig with germ cells carrying a construct expressing Hes1 under the control of the Pdx1 promoter was used to mate with wild-type gilts to obtain Tg piglets. RESULTS The Tg pigs showed perinatal death; however, this phenotype could be rescued by insulin treatment. The duodenal and splenic lobes of the Tg pigs were slender and did not fully develop, whereas the connective lobe was absent. β cells were not detected, even in the adult pancreas, although other endocrine cells were detected, and exocrine cells functioned normally. The pigs showed no irregularities in any organs, except diabetes-associated pathological alterations, such as retinopathy and renal damage. CONCLUSION Pdx1-Hes1 Tg pigs were an attractive model for the analysis of pancreatic development and testing of novel treatment strategies for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Nagaya
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Meiji University - Ikuta Campus, Kawasaki, Japan
- Department of Immunology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Koki Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masahito Watanabe
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Meiji University - Ikuta Campus, Kawasaki, Japan
- Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakano
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Meiji University - Ikuta Campus, Kawasaki, Japan
- Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Okamoto
- Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Ayuko Uchikura
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Meiji University - Ikuta Campus, Kawasaki, Japan
- Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Osafune
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Harumasa Yokota
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiji Nagaoka
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Visual Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Matsunari
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Meiji University - Ikuta Campus, Kawasaki, Japan
- Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Umeyama
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Meiji University - Ikuta Campus, Kawasaki, Japan
- Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Department of Organ Fabrication, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Meiji University - Ikuta Campus, Kawasaki, Japan
- Laboratory of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
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11
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Helker CSM, Mullapudi ST, Mueller LM, Preussner J, Tunaru S, Skog O, Kwon HB, Kreuder F, Lancman JJ, Bonnavion R, Dong PDS, Looso M, Offermanns S, Korsgren O, Spagnoli FM, Stainier DYR. A whole organism small molecule screen identifies novel regulators of pancreatic endocrine development. Development 2019; 146:dev.172569. [PMID: 31142539 DOI: 10.1242/dev.172569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An early step in pancreas development is marked by the expression of the transcription factor Pdx1 within the pancreatic endoderm, where it is required for the specification of all endocrine cell types. Subsequently, Pdx1 expression becomes restricted to the β-cell lineage, where it plays a central role in β-cell function. This pivotal role of Pdx1 at various stages of pancreas development makes it an attractive target to enhance pancreatic β-cell differentiation and increase β-cell function. In this study, we used a newly generated zebrafish reporter to screen over 8000 small molecules for modulators of pdx1 expression. We found four hit compounds and validated their efficacy at different stages of pancreas development. Notably, valproic acid treatment increased pancreatic endoderm formation, while inhibition of TGFβ signaling led to α-cell to β-cell transdifferentiation. HC toxin, another HDAC inhibitor, enhances β-cell function in primary mouse and human islets. Thus, using a whole organism screening strategy, this study identified new pdx1 expression modulators that can be used to influence different steps in pancreas and β-cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S M Helker
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany .,Philipps-University Marburg, Faculty of Biology, Cell Signaling and Dynamics, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sri-Teja Mullapudi
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Laura M Mueller
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Jens Preussner
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, ECCPS Bioinformatics Core Unit, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Sorin Tunaru
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Biochemistry Institute of the Romanian Academy, Department of Enzymology, Bucharest 060031, Romania
| | - Oskar Skog
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hyouk-Bum Kwon
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Florian Kreuder
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Joseph J Lancman
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Remy Bonnavion
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - P Duc Si Dong
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mario Looso
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, ECCPS Bioinformatics Core Unit, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ole Korsgren
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Francesca M Spagnoli
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
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12
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Horiguchi M, Yoshida M, Hirata K, Furuyama K, Masui T, Uemoto S, Kawaguchi Y. Senescence caused by inactivation of the homeodomain transcription factor Pdx1 in adult pancreatic acinar cells in mice. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2226-2234. [PMID: 31240701 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we used tamoxifen-inducible Elastase-Cre-mediated inactivation of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox1 (Pdx1), an indispensable gene during embryonic pancreatogenesis, to investigate the role of Pdx1 in adult pancreatic exocrine tissue. We found that Pdx1 depletion in approximately 50% of acinar cell mass did not show any macroscopic phenotype. Lineage tracing experiments revealed that the percentage of Pdx1-depleted cells did not change initially but gradually decreased, while the proliferation of Pdx1-preserved cells increased. Electron microscopic analysis showed the emergence of round-shaped mitochondria with less cristae, dilated ER lumen and increased number of autophagosomes but no apoptosis. Instead, Pdx1-depleted acinar cells became senescent. These findings indicate that intracellular stress caused by Pdx1 inactivation triggers the senescence-associated secretory phenotype to maintain organ homeostasis in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Horiguchi
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS cell Research and Application, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS cell Research and Application, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Hirata
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS cell Research and Application, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Furuyama
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS cell Research and Application, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Masui
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS cell Research and Application, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Kawaguchi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS cell Research and Application, Kyoto, Japan
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13
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METTL14 is essential for β-cell survival and insulin secretion. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2138-2148. [PMID: 31029827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Defects in the development, maintenance or expansion of β-cell mass can result in impaired glucose metabolism and diabetes. N6-methyladenosine affects mRNA stability and translation efficiency, and impacts cell differentiation and stress response. To determine if there is a role for m6A in β-cells, we investigated the effect of Mettl14, a key component of the m6A methyltransferase complex, on β-cell survival and function using rat insulin-2 promoter-Cre-mediated deletion of Mettl14 mouse line (βKO). We found that βKO mice with normal chow exhibited glucose intolerance, lower levels of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, increased β-cell death and decreased β-cell mass. In addition, HFD-fed βKO mice developed glucose intolerance, decreased β-cell mass and proliferation, exhibited lower body weight, increased adipose tissue mass, and enhanced insulin sensitivity due to enhanced AKT signaling and decreased gluconeogenesis in the liver. HFD-fed βKO mice also showed a decrease in de novo lipogenesis, and an increase in lipolysis in the liver. RNA sequencing in islets revealed that Mettl14 deficiency in β-cells altered mRNA expression levels of some genes related to cell death and inflammation. Together, we showed that Mettl14 in β-cells plays a key role in β-cell survival, insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis.
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14
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Nakagawa H, Hayata Y, Yamada T, Kawamura S, Suzuki N, Koike K. Peribiliary Glands as the Cellular Origin of Biliary Tract Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061745. [PMID: 29895797 PMCID: PMC6032423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of the cellular origin of cancer is important for our understanding of the mechanisms regulating carcinogenesis, thus the cellular origin of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a current topic of interest. Although CCA has been considered to originate from biliary epithelial cells, recent studies have suggested that multiple cell types can develop into CCA. With regard to the hilar and extrahepatic bile ducts, peribiliary glands (PBGs), a potential stem cell niche of biliary epithelial cells, have attracted attention as the cellular origin of biliary tract cancer. Recent histopathological and experimental studies have suggested that some kinds of inflammation-induced CCA and intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct are more likely to originate from PBGs. During inflammation-mediated cholangiocarcinogenesis, the biliary epithelial injury-induced regenerative response by PBGs is considered a key process. Thus, in this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of cholangiocarcinogenesis from the viewpoint of inflammation and the cellular origin of CCA, especially focusing on PBGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Yuki Hayata
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Tomoharu Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Kawamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Nobumi Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
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15
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Rattananinsruang P, Dechsukhum C, Leeanansaksiri W. Establishment of Insulin-Producing Cells From Human Embryonic Stem Cells Underhypoxic Condition for Cell Based Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:49. [PMID: 29868580 PMCID: PMC5962719 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of diseases characterized by abnormally high levels of glucose in the blood stream. In developing a potential therapy for diabetic patients, pancreatic cells transplantation has drawn great attention. However, the hinder of cell transplantation for diabetes treatment is insufficient sources of insulin-producing cells. Therefore, new cell based therapy need to be developed. In this regard, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) may serve as good candidates for this based on their capability of differentiation into various cell types. In this study, we designed a new differentiation protocol that can generate hESC-derived insulin-producing cells (hES-DIPCs) in a hypoxic condition. We also emphasized on the induction of definitive endoderm during embryoid bodies (EBs) formation. After induction of hESCs differentiation into insulin-producing cells (IPCs), the cells obtained from the cultures exhibited pancreas-related genes such as Pdx1, Ngn3, Nkx6.1, GLUT2, and insulin. These cells also showed positive for DTZ-stained cellular clusters and contained ability of insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. After achievement to generated functional hES-DIPCs in vitro, some of the hES-DIPCs were then encapsulated named encapsulated hES-DIPCs. The data showed that the encapsulated cells could possess the function of insulin secretion in a time-dependent manner. The hES-DIPCs and encapsulated hES-DIPCs were then separately transplanted into STZ-induced diabetic mice. The findings showed the significant blood glucose levels regulation capacity and declination of IL-1β concentration in all transplanted mice. These results indicated that both hES-DIPCs and encapsulated hES-DIPCs contained the ability to sustain hyperglycemia condition as well as decrease inflammatory cytokine level in vivo. The findings of this study may apply for generation of a large number of hES-DIPCs in vitro. In addition, the implication of this work is therapeutic value in type I diabetes treatment in the future. The application for type II diabetes treatment remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyaporn Rattananinsruang
- School of Preclinic, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Chavaboon Dechsukhum
- School of Pathology, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Wilairat Leeanansaksiri
- School of Preclinic, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
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16
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Bastidas-Ponce A, Scheibner K, Lickert H, Bakhti M. Cellular and molecular mechanisms coordinating pancreas development. Development 2017; 144:2873-2888. [PMID: 28811309 DOI: 10.1242/dev.140756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pancreas is an endoderm-derived glandular organ that participates in the regulation of systemic glucose metabolism and food digestion through the function of its endocrine and exocrine compartments, respectively. While intensive research has explored the signaling pathways and transcriptional programs that govern pancreas development, much remains to be discovered regarding the cellular processes that orchestrate pancreas morphogenesis. Here, we discuss the developmental mechanisms and principles that are known to underlie pancreas development, from induction and lineage formation to morphogenesis and organogenesis. Elucidating such principles will help to identify novel candidate disease genes and unravel the pathogenesis of pancreas-related diseases, such as diabetes, pancreatitis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Scheibner
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany .,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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17
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Abstract
Acinar cells in the adult pancreas show high plasticity and can undergo transdifferentiation to a progenitor-like cell type with ductal characteristics. This process, termed acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM), is an important feature facilitating pancreas regeneration after injury. Data from animal models show that cells that undergo ADM in response to oncogenic signalling are precursors for pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions, which can further progress to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). As human pancreatic adenocarcinoma is often diagnosed at a stage of metastatic disease, understanding the processes that lead to its initiation is important for the discovery of markers for early detection, as well as options that enable an early intervention. Here, the critical determinants of acinar cell plasticity are discussed, in addition to the intracellular and extracellular signalling events that drive acinar cell metaplasia and their contribution to development of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Room 306 Griffin Building, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
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18
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Yang YP, Magnuson MA, Stein R, Wright CVE. The mammal-specific Pdx1 Area II enhancer has multiple essential functions in early endocrine cell specification and postnatal β-cell maturation. Development 2016; 144:248-257. [PMID: 27993987 DOI: 10.1242/dev.143123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Pdx1 is required for multiple aspects of pancreatic organogenesis. It remains unclear to what extent Pdx1 expression and function depend upon trans-activation through 5' conserved cis-regulatory regions and, in particular, whether the mammal-specific Area II (-2139 to -1958 bp) affects minor or major aspects of organogenesis. We show that Area II is a primary effector of endocrine-selective transcription in epithelial multipotent cells, nascent endocrine progenitors, and differentiating and mature β cells in vivo Pdx1ΔAREAII/- mice exhibit a massive reduction in endocrine progenitor cells and progeny hormone-producing cells, indicating that Area II activity is fundamental to mounting an effective endocrine lineage-specification program within the multipotent cell population. Creating an Area II-deleted state within already specified Neurog3-expressing endocrine progenitor cells increased the proportion of glucagon+ α relative to insulin+ β cells, associated with the transcriptional and epigenetic derepression of the α-cell-determining Arx gene in endocrine progenitors. There were also glucagon and insulin co-expressing cells, and β cells that were incapable of maturation. Creating the Pdx1ΔAREAII state after cells entered an insulin-expressing stage led to immature and dysfunctional islet β cells carrying abnormal chromatin marking in vital β-cell-associated genes. Therefore, trans-regulatory integration through Area II mediates a surprisingly extensive range of progenitor and β-cell-specific Pdx1 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Yang
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mark A Magnuson
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Roland Stein
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Christopher V E Wright
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA .,Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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19
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Roy N, Takeuchi KK, Ruggeri JM, Bailey P, Chang D, Li J, Leonhardt L, Puri S, Hoffman MT, Gao S, Halbrook CJ, Song Y, Ljungman M, Malik S, Wright CVE, Dawson DW, Biankin AV, Hebrok M, Crawford HC. PDX1 dynamically regulates pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma initiation and maintenance. Genes Dev 2016; 30:2669-2683. [PMID: 28087712 PMCID: PMC5238727 DOI: 10.1101/gad.291021.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of embryonic signaling pathways is frequent in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), making developmental regulators therapeutically attractive. Here we demonstrate diverse functions for pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1), a transcription factor indispensable for pancreas development, in the progression from normal exocrine cells to metastatic PDA. We identify a critical role for PDX1 in maintaining acinar cell identity, thus resisting the formation of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN)-derived PDA. Upon neoplastic transformation, the role of PDX1 changes from tumor-suppressive to oncogenic. Interestingly, subsets of malignant cells lose PDX1 expression while undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and PDX1 loss is associated with poor outcome. This stage-specific functionality arises from profound shifts in PDX1 chromatin occupancy from acinar cells to PDA. In summary, we report distinct roles of PDX1 at different stages of PDA, suggesting that therapeutic approaches against this potential target need to account for its changing functions at different stages of carcinogenesis. These findings provide insight into the complexity of PDA pathogenesis and advocate a rigorous investigation of therapeutically tractable targets at distinct phases of PDA development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilotpal Roy
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Kenneth K Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jeanine M Ruggeri
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Peter Bailey
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Center, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland
| | - David Chang
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Center, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland
| | - Joey Li
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Laura Leonhardt
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Sapna Puri
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Megan T Hoffman
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Christopher J Halbrook
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Mats Ljungman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Shivani Malik
- Department of Medicine/ Hematology and Oncology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Christopher V E Wright
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, USA
| | - David W Dawson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Andrew V Biankin
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Center, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Howard C Crawford
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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20
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The Chromatin Modifier MSK1/2 Suppresses Endocrine Cell Fates during Mouse Pancreatic Development. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166703. [PMID: 27973548 PMCID: PMC5156359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I diabetes is caused by loss of insulin-secreting beta cells. To identify novel, pharmacologically-targetable histone-modifying proteins that enhance beta cell production from pancreatic progenitors, we performed a screen for histone modifications induced by signal transduction pathways at key pancreatic genes. The screen led us to investigate the temporal dynamics of ser-28 phosphorylated histone H3 (H3S28ph) and its upstream kinases, MSK1 and MSK2 (MSK1/2). H3S28ph and MSK1/2 were enriched at the key endocrine and acinar promoters in E12.5 multipotent pancreatic progenitors. Pharmacological inhibition of MSK1/2 in embryonic pancreatic explants promoted the specification of endocrine fates, including the beta-cell lineage, while depleting acinar fates. Germline knockout of both Msk isoforms caused enhancement of alpha cells and a reduction in acinar differentiation, while monoallelic loss of Msk1 promoted beta cell mass. Our screen of chromatin state dynamics can be applied to other developmental contexts to reveal new pathways and approaches to modulate cell fates.
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21
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Conditional Tissue-Specific Foxa2 Ablation in Mouse Pancreas Causes Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia: (RETRACTED). Am J Ther 2016; 24:e1442-e1448. [DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Azevedo-Pouly ACP, Sutaria DS, Jiang J, Elgamal OA, Amari F, Allard D, Grippo PJ, Coppola V, Schmittgen TD. miR-216 and miR-217 expression is reduced in transgenic mouse models of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, knockout of miR-216/miR-217 host gene is embryonic lethal. Funct Integr Genomics 2016; 17:203-212. [PMID: 27541609 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-016-0512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mice harboring a G12D activating Kras mutation are among the most heavily studied models in the field of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) research. miRNAs are differentially expressed in PDAC from patients and mouse models of PDAC. To better understand the relationship that Kras activation has on miRNA expression, we profiled the expression of 629 miRNAs in RNA isolated from the pancreas of control, young, and old P48+/Cre;LSL-KRASG12D as well as PDX-1-Cre;LSL-KRASG12D mice. One hundred of the differentially expressed miRNAs had increased expression in the advanced disease (old) P48+/Cre;LSL-KRASG12D compared to wild-type mice. Interestingly, the expression of three miRNAs, miR-216a, miR-216b, and miR-217, located within a ∼30-kbp region on 11qA3.3, decreased with age (and phenotype severity) in these mice. miR-216/-217 expression was also evaluated in another acinar-specific ELa-KrasG12D mouse model and was downregulated as well. As miR-216/-217 are acinar enriched, reduced in human PDAC and target KRAS, we hypothesized that they may maintain acinar differentiation or represent tumor suppressive miRNAs. To test this hypothesis, we deleted a 27.9-kbp region of 11qA3.3 containing the miR-216/-217 host gene in the mouse's germ line. We report that germ line deletion of this cluster is embryonic lethal in the mouse. We estimate that lethality occurs shortly after E9.5. qPCR analysis of the miR-216b and miR-217 expression in the heterozygous animals showed no difference in expression, suggesting haplosufficiency by some type of compensatory mechanism. We present the differential miRNA expression in KrasG12D transgenic mice and report lethality from deletion of the miR-216/-217 host gene in the mouse's germ line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara P Azevedo-Pouly
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Jinmai Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ola A Elgamal
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Foued Amari
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Paul J Grippo
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vincenzo Coppola
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas D Schmittgen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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23
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Röder PV, Wu B, Liu Y, Han W. Pancreatic regulation of glucose homeostasis. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e219. [PMID: 26964835 PMCID: PMC4892884 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to ensure normal body function, the human body is dependent on a tight control of its blood glucose levels. This is accomplished by a highly sophisticated network of various hormones and neuropeptides released mainly from the brain, pancreas, liver, intestine as well as adipose and muscle tissue. Within this network, the pancreas represents a key player by secreting the blood sugar-lowering hormone insulin and its opponent glucagon. However, disturbances in the interplay of the hormones and peptides involved may lead to metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) whose prevalence, comorbidities and medical costs take on a dramatic scale. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to uncover and understand the mechanisms underlying the various interactions to improve existing anti-diabetic therapies and drugs on the one hand and to develop new therapeutic approaches on the other. This review summarizes the interplay of the pancreas with various other organs and tissues that maintain glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, anti-diabetic drugs and their impact on signaling pathways underlying the network will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia V Röder
- Metabolism in Human Diseases Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Metabolism in Human Diseases Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore. E-mail: or
| | - Bingbing Wu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yixian Liu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weiping Han
- Metabolism in Human Diseases Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Metabolism in Human Diseases Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore. E-mail: or
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24
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Bailey P, Chang DK, Nones K, Johns AL, Patch AM, Gingras MC, Miller DK, Christ AN, Bruxner TJC, Quinn MC, Nourse C, Murtaugh LC, Harliwong I, Idrisoglu S, Manning S, Nourbakhsh E, Wani S, Fink L, Holmes O, Chin V, Anderson MJ, Kazakoff S, Leonard C, Newell F, Waddell N, Wood S, Xu Q, Wilson PJ, Cloonan N, Kassahn KS, Taylor D, Quek K, Robertson A, Pantano L, Mincarelli L, Sanchez LN, Evers L, Wu J, Pinese M, Cowley MJ, Jones MD, Colvin EK, Nagrial AM, Humphrey ES, Chantrill LA, Mawson A, Humphris J, Chou A, Pajic M, Scarlett CJ, Pinho AV, Giry-Laterriere M, Rooman I, Samra JS, Kench JG, Lovell JA, Merrett ND, Toon CW, Epari K, Nguyen NQ, Barbour A, Zeps N, Moran-Jones K, Jamieson NB, Graham JS, Duthie F, Oien K, Hair J, Grützmann R, Maitra A, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Wolfgang CL, Morgan RA, Lawlor RT, Corbo V, Bassi C, Rusev B, Capelli P, Salvia R, Tortora G, Mukhopadhyay D, Petersen GM, Munzy DM, Fisher WE, Karim SA, Eshleman JR, Hruban RH, Pilarsky C, Morton JP, Sansom OJ, Scarpa A, Musgrove EA, Bailey UMH, Hofmann O, Sutherland RL, Wheeler DA, Gill AJ, Gibbs RA, Pearson JV, Waddell N, Biankin AV, Grimmond SM. Genomic analyses identify molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer. Nature 2016; 531:47-52. [PMID: 26909576 DOI: 10.1038/nature16965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2325] [Impact Index Per Article: 290.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Integrated genomic analysis of 456 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas identified 32 recurrently mutated genes that aggregate into 10 pathways: KRAS, TGF-β, WNT, NOTCH, ROBO/SLIT signalling, G1/S transition, SWI-SNF, chromatin modification, DNA repair and RNA processing. Expression analysis defined 4 subtypes: (1) squamous; (2) pancreatic progenitor; (3) immunogenic; and (4) aberrantly differentiated endocrine exocrine (ADEX) that correlate with histopathological characteristics. Squamous tumours are enriched for TP53 and KDM6A mutations, upregulation of the TP63∆N transcriptional network, hypermethylation of pancreatic endodermal cell-fate determining genes and have a poor prognosis. Pancreatic progenitor tumours preferentially express genes involved in early pancreatic development (FOXA2/3, PDX1 and MNX1). ADEX tumours displayed upregulation of genes that regulate networks involved in KRAS activation, exocrine (NR5A2 and RBPJL), and endocrine differentiation (NEUROD1 and NKX2-2). Immunogenic tumours contained upregulated immune networks including pathways involved in acquired immune suppression. These data infer differences in the molecular evolution of pancreatic cancer subtypes and identify opportunities for therapeutic development.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/classification
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA Methylation
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Genes, Neoplasm/genetics
- Genome, Human/genetics
- Genomics
- Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-beta/genetics
- Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-gamma/genetics
- Histone Demethylases/genetics
- Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.2
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Mice
- Mutation/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/classification
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Survival Analysis
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transcriptome
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bailey
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - David K Chang
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, and the Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Bankstown Hospital, Eldridge Road, Bankstown, Sydney, New South Wales 2200, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, New South Wales 2170, Australia
| | - Katia Nones
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Amber L Johns
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, and the Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Ann-Marie Patch
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Marie-Claude Gingras
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Michael DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - David K Miller
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, and the Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Angelika N Christ
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Tim J C Bruxner
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Michael C Quinn
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Craig Nourse
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - L Charles Murtaugh
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Ivon Harliwong
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Senel Idrisoglu
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Suzanne Manning
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ehsan Nourbakhsh
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Shivangi Wani
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Lynn Fink
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Oliver Holmes
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Venessa Chin
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, and the Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Matthew J Anderson
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Stephen Kazakoff
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Conrad Leonard
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Felicity Newell
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nick Waddell
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Scott Wood
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Qinying Xu
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Peter J Wilson
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nicole Cloonan
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Karin S Kassahn
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Genetic and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Darrin Taylor
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Kelly Quek
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alan Robertson
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Lorena Pantano
- Harvard Chan Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Laura Mincarelli
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Luis N Sanchez
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Lisa Evers
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jianmin Wu
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, and the Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Mark Pinese
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, and the Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Mark J Cowley
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, and the Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Marc D Jones
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, and the Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Emily K Colvin
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, and the Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Adnan M Nagrial
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, and the Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Emily S Humphrey
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, and the Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Lorraine A Chantrill
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, and the Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centre, Campbelltown Hospital, New South Wales 2560, Australia
| | - Amanda Mawson
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, and the Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Jeremy Humphris
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, and the Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Angela Chou
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, and the Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- Department of Pathology. SydPath, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Marina Pajic
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, and the Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher J Scarlett
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, and the Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- School of Environmental &Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales 2258, Australia
| | - Andreia V Pinho
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, and the Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Marc Giry-Laterriere
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, and the Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Ilse Rooman
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, and the Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Jaswinder S Samra
- Department of Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - James G Kench
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, and the Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Jessica A Lovell
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, and the Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Neil D Merrett
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, New South Wales 2170, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, New South Wales 2175, Australia
| | - Christopher W Toon
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, and the Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Krishna Epari
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Nam Q Nguyen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Andrew Barbour
- Department of Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Ipswich Rd, Woollongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Nikolajs Zeps
- School of Surgery M507, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands 6009, Australia and St John of God Pathology, 12 Salvado Rd, Subiaco, Western Australia 6008, Australia
| | - Kim Moran-Jones
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Nigel B Jamieson
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 OSF, UK
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - Janet S Graham
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | - Fraser Duthie
- Department of Pathology, Southern General Hospital, Greater Glasgow &Clyde NHS, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Karin Oien
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, and the Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- Department of Pathology, Southern General Hospital, Greater Glasgow &Clyde NHS, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Jane Hair
- GGC Bio-repository, Pathology Department, Southern General Hospital, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TY, UK
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Department of Surgery, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Departments of Pathology and Translational Molecular Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston Texas 77030, USA
| | - Christine A Iacobuzio-Donahue
- The David M. Rubenstein Pancreatic Cancer Research Center and Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Christopher L Wolfgang
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Richard A Morgan
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Rita T Lawlor
- ARC-Net Applied Research on Cancer Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Corbo
- ARC-Net Applied Research on Cancer Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Claudio Bassi
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Borislav Rusev
- ARC-Net Applied Research on Cancer Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Paola Capelli
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Roberto Salvia
- Department of Surgery, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Department of Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | | | | | - Donna M Munzy
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Michael DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - William E Fisher
- Elkins Pancreas Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS226, Houston, Texas 77030-3411, USA
| | - Saadia A Karim
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - James R Eshleman
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Ralph H Hruban
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Christian Pilarsky
- Department of Surgery, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute for Cancer Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-Net Applied Research on Cancer Centre, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Elizabeth A Musgrove
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Ulla-Maja Hagbo Bailey
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Oliver Hofmann
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Harvard Chan Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Robert L Sutherland
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, and the Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - David A Wheeler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Michael DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Anthony J Gill
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, and the Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Michael DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - John V Pearson
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Andrew V Biankin
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, and the Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Bankstown Hospital, Eldridge Road, Bankstown, Sydney, New South Wales 2200, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, New South Wales 2170, Australia
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - Sean M Grimmond
- Queensland Centre for Medical Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Diabetes Caused by Elastase-Cre-Mediated Pdx1 Inactivation in Mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21211. [PMID: 26887806 PMCID: PMC4758062 DOI: 10.1038/srep21211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine and exocrine pancreas tissues are both derived from the posterior foregut endoderm, however, the interdependence of these two cell types during their formation is not well understood. In this study, we generated mutant mice, in which the exocrine tissue is hypoplastic, in order to reveal a possible requirement for exocrine pancreas tissue in endocrine development and/or function. Since previous studies showed an indispensable role for Pdx1 in pancreas organogenesis, we used Elastase-Cre-mediated recombination to inactivate Pdx1 in the pancreatic exocrine lineage during embryonic stages. Along with exocrine defects, including impaired acinar cell maturation, the mutant mice exhibited substantial endocrine defects, including disturbed tip/trunk patterning of the developing ductal structure, a reduced number of Ngn3-expressing endocrine precursors, and ultimately fewer β cells. Notably, postnatal expansion of the endocrine cell content was extremely poor, and the mutant mice exhibited impaired glucose homeostasis. These findings suggest the existence of an unknown but essential factor(s) in the adjacent exocrine tissue that regulates proper formation of endocrine precursors and the expansion and function of endocrine tissues during embryonic and postnatal stages.
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Albury-Warren TM, Pandey V, Spinel LP, Masternak MM, Altomare DA. Prediabetes linked to excess glucagon in transgenic mice with pancreatic active AKT1. J Endocrinol 2016; 228:49-59. [PMID: 26487674 PMCID: PMC4803065 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase B/AKT has three isoforms (AKT1-3) and is renowned for its central role in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation, due to its constitutive activation in various cancers. AKT2, which is highly expressed in insulin-responsive tissues, has been identified as a primary regulator of glucose metabolism as Akt2 knockout mice (Akt2(-/-)) are glucose-intolerant and insulin-resistant. However, the role of AKT1 in glucose metabolism is not as clearly defined. We previously showed that mice with myristoylated Akt1 (AKT1(Myr)) expressed through a bicistronic Pdx1-TetA and TetO-MyrAkt1 system were susceptible to islet cell carcinomas, and in this study we characterized an early onset, prediabetic phenotype. Beginning at weaning (3 weeks of age), the glucose-intolerant AKT1(Myr) mice exhibited non-fasted hyperglycemia, which progressed to fasted hyperglycemia by 5 months of age. The glucose intolerance was attributed to a fasted hyperglucagonemia, and hepatic insulin resistance detectable by reduced phosphorylation of the insulin receptor following insulin injection into the inferior vena cava. In contrast, treatment with doxycycline diet to turn off the transgene caused attenuation of the non-fasted and fasted hyperglycemia, thus affirming AKT1 hyperactivation as the trigger. Collectively, this model highlights a novel glucagon-mediated mechanism by which AKT1 hyperactivation affects glucose homeostasis and provides an avenue to better delineate the molecular mechanisms responsible for diabetes mellitus and the potential association with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toya M Albury-Warren
- Burnett School of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, Florida 32827, USADepartment of Head and Neck SurgeryThe Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Veethika Pandey
- Burnett School of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, Florida 32827, USADepartment of Head and Neck SurgeryThe Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Lina P Spinel
- Burnett School of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, Florida 32827, USADepartment of Head and Neck SurgeryThe Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal M Masternak
- Burnett School of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, Florida 32827, USADepartment of Head and Neck SurgeryThe Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland Burnett School of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, Florida 32827, USADepartment of Head and Neck SurgeryThe Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Deborah A Altomare
- Burnett School of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, Florida 32827, USADepartment of Head and Neck SurgeryThe Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
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Abstract
Lineage tracing studies have revealed that transcription factors play a cardinal role in pancreatic development, differentiation and function. Three transitions define pancreatic organogenesis, differentiation and maturation. In the primary transition, when pancreatic organogenesis is initiated, there is active proliferation of pancreatic progenitor cells. During the secondary transition, defined by differentiation, there is growth, branching, differentiation and pancreatic cell lineage allocation. The tertiary transition is characterized by differentiated pancreatic cells that undergo further remodeling, including apoptosis, replication and neogenesis thereby establishing a mature organ. Transcription factors function at multiple levels and may regulate one another and auto-regulate. The interaction between extrinsic signals from non-pancreatic tissues and intrinsic transcription factors form a complex gene regulatory network ultimately culminating in the different cell lineages and tissue types in the developing pancreas. Mutations in these transcription factors clinically manifest as subtypes of diabetes mellitus. Current treatment for diabetes is not curative and thus, developmental biologists and stem cell researchers are utilizing knowledge of normal pancreatic development to explore novel therapeutic alternatives. This review summarizes current knowledge of transcription factors involved in pancreatic development and β-cell differentiation in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshmi Dassaye
- a Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa
| | - Strini Naidoo
- a Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa
| | - Marlon E Cerf
- b Diabetes Discovery Platform, South African Medical Research Council , Cape Town , South Africa
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Marty-Santos L, Cleaver O. Pdx1 regulates pancreas tubulogenesis and E-cadherin expression. Development 2015; 143:101-12. [PMID: 26657766 DOI: 10.1242/dev.126755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Current efforts in developing treatments for diabetes focus on in vitro generation of functional β-cells for cell replacement therapies; however, these attempts have only been partly successful because factors involved in islet formation remain incompletely understood. The embryonic pancreas, which gives rise to β-cells, undergoes early epithelial rearrangements, including transient stratification of an initially monolayered epithelium, followed by microlumen formation and later resolution into branches. Within the epithelium, a multipotent progenitor cell (MPC) population is specified, giving rise to three important lineages: acinar, ductal and endocrine. Pdx1 is a transcription factor required for pancreas development and lineage specification; however, few Pdx1 targets that regulate pancreatogenesis have been identified. We find that pancreatic defects in Pdx1(-/-) embryos initiate at the time when the progenitor pool is specified and the epithelium should resolve into branches. Pdx1(-/-) microlumen diameters expand aberrantly, resulting in failure of epithelial tubulogenesis and ductal plexus formation. Pdx1(-/-) epithelial cell proliferation is decreased and the MPC pool is rapidly lost. We identify two conserved Pdx1 binding sites in the epithelial cadherin (E-cad, Cdh1) promoter, and show that Pdx1 directly binds and activates E-cad transcription. In addition, Pdx1 is required in vivo for maintenance of E-cad expression, actomyosin complex activity and cell shape. These findings demonstrate a novel link between regulators of epithelial architecture, specification of pancreatic cell fate and organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilani Marty-Santos
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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29
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Nishimura W, Kapoor A, El Khattabi I, Jin W, Yasuda K, Bonner-Weir S, Sharma A. Compensatory Response by Late Embryonic Tubular Epithelium to the Reduction in Pancreatic Progenitors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142286. [PMID: 26540252 PMCID: PMC4635002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Early in pancreatic development, epithelial cells of pancreatic buds function as primary multipotent progenitor cells (1°MPC) that specify all three pancreatic cell lineages, i.e., endocrine, acinar and duct. Bipotent "Trunk" progenitors derived from 1°MPC are implicated in directly regulating the specification of endocrine progenitors. It is unclear if this specification process is initiated in the 1°MPC where some 1°MPC become competent for later specification of endocrine progenitors. Previously we reported that in Pdx1tTA/+;tetOMafA (bigenic) mice inducing expression of transcription factor MafA in Pdx1-expressing (Pdx1+) cells throughout embryonic development inhibited the proliferation and differentiation of 1°MPC cells, resulting in reduced pancreatic mass and endocrine cells by embryonic day (E) 17.5. Induction of the transgene only until E12.5 in Pdx1+ 1°MPC was sufficient for this inhibition of endocrine cells and pancreatic mass at E17.5. However, by birth (P0), as we now report, such bigenic pups had significantly increased pancreatic and endocrine volumes with endocrine clusters containing all pancreatic endocrine cell types. The increase in endocrine cells resulted from a higher proliferation of tubular epithelial cells expressing the progenitor marker Glut2 in E17.5 bigenic embryos and increased number of Neurog3-expressing cells at E19.5. A BrdU-labeling study demonstrated that inhibiting proliferation of 1°MPC by forced MafA-expression did not lead to retention of those progenitors in E17.5 tubular epithelium. Our data suggest that the forced MafA expression in the 1°MPC inhibits their competency to specify endocrine progenitors only until E17.5, and after that compensatory proliferation of tubular epithelium gives rise to a distinct pool of endocrine progenitors. Thus, these bigenic mice provide a novel way to characterize the competency of 1°MPC for their ability to specify endocrine progenitors, a critical limitation in our understanding of endocrine differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Nishimura
- Section of Islet Cell & Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Metabolic Disorder, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Anatomy, Bio-imaging and Neuro-cell Science, Jichi Univerisity, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Archana Kapoor
- Section of Islet Cell & Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ilham El Khattabi
- Section of Islet Cell & Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wanzhu Jin
- Section of Islet Cell & Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kazuki Yasuda
- Department of Metabolic Disorder, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susan Bonner-Weir
- Section of Islet Cell & Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Arun Sharma
- Section of Islet Cell & Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kimmel RA, Dobler S, Schmitner N, Walsen T, Freudenblum J, Meyer D. Diabetic pdx1-mutant zebrafish show conserved responses to nutrient overload and anti-glycemic treatment. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14241. [PMID: 26384018 PMCID: PMC4585597 DOI: 10.1038/srep14241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by disrupted glucose homeostasis due to loss or dysfunction of insulin-producing beta cells. In this work, we characterize pancreatic islet development and function in zebrafish mutant for pdx1, a gene which in humans is linked to genetic forms of diabetes and is associated with increased susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes. Pdx1 mutant zebrafish have the key diabetic features of reduced beta cells, decreased insulin and elevated glucose. The hyperglycemia responds to pharmacologic anti-diabetic treatment and, as often seen in mammalian diabetes models, beta cells of pdx1 mutants show sensitivity to nutrient overload. This unique genetic model of diabetes provides a new tool for elucidating the mechanisms behind hyperglycemic pathologies and will allow the testing of novel therapeutic interventions in a model organism that is amenable to high-throughput approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A Kimmel
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI; Leopold-Francis University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Dobler
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI; Leopold-Francis University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nicole Schmitner
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI; Leopold-Francis University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tanja Walsen
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI; Leopold-Francis University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Freudenblum
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI; Leopold-Francis University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dirk Meyer
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI; Leopold-Francis University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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31
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Martin D, Kim YH, Sever D, Mao CA, Haefliger JA, Grapin-Botton A. REST represses a subset of the pancreatic endocrine differentiation program. Dev Biol 2015; 405:316-27. [PMID: 26156633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To contribute to devise successful beta-cell differentiation strategies for the cure of Type 1 diabetes we sought to uncover barriers that restrict endocrine fate acquisition by studying the role of the transcriptional repressor REST in the developing pancreas. Rest expression is prevented in neurons and in endocrine cells, which is necessary for their normal function. During development, REST represses a subset of genes in the neuronal differentiation program and Rest is down-regulated as neurons differentiate. Here, we investigate the role of REST in the differentiation of pancreatic endocrine cells, which are molecularly close to neurons. We show that Rest is widely expressed in pancreas progenitors and that it is down-regulated in differentiated endocrine cells. Sustained expression of REST in Pdx1(+) progenitors impairs the differentiation of endocrine-committed Neurog3(+) progenitors, decreases beta and alpha cell mass by E18.5, and triggers diabetes in adulthood. Conditional inactivation of Rest in Pdx1(+) progenitors is not sufficient to trigger endocrine differentiation but up-regulates a subset of differentiation genes. Our results show that the transcriptional repressor REST is active in pancreas progenitors where it gates the activation of part of the beta cell differentiation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Martin
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yung-Hae Kim
- DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Dror Sever
- DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Chai-An Mao
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jacques-Antoine Haefliger
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, C/O Department of Physiology, Bugnon 7a, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne Grapin-Botton
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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32
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McKenna B, Guo M, Reynolds A, Hara M, Stein R. Dynamic recruitment of functionally distinct Swi/Snf chromatin remodeling complexes modulates Pdx1 activity in islet β cells. Cell Rep 2015; 10:2032-42. [PMID: 25801033 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pdx1 is a transcription factor of fundamental importance to pancreas formation and adult islet β cell function. However, little is known about the positive- and negative-acting coregulators recruited to mediate transcriptional control. Here, we isolated numerous Pdx1-interacting factors possessing a wide range of cellular functions linked with this protein, including, but not limited to, coregulators associated with transcriptional activation and repression, DNA damage response, and DNA replication. Because chromatin remodeling activities are essential to developmental lineage decisions and adult cell function, our analysis focused on investigating the influence of the Swi/Snf chromatin remodeler on Pdx1 action. The two mutually exclusive and indispensable Swi/Snf core ATPase subunits, Brg1 and Brm, distinctly affected target gene expression in β cells. Furthermore, physiological and pathophysiological conditions dynamically regulated Pdx1 binding to these Swi/Snf complexes in vivo. We discuss how context-dependent recruitment of coregulatory complexes by Pdx1 could impact pancreas cell development and adult islet β cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian McKenna
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Albert Reynolds
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Manami Hara
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Roland Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Avolio F, Pfeifer A, Courtney M, Gjernes E, Ben-Othman N, Vieira A, Druelle N, Faurite B, Collombat P. From pancreas morphogenesis to β-cell regeneration. Curr Top Dev Biol 2014; 106:217-38. [PMID: 24290351 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416021-7.00006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a metabolic disease resulting in the selective loss of pancreatic insulin-producing β-cells and affecting millions of people worldwide. The side effects of diabetes are varied and include cardiovascular, neuropathologic, and kidney diseases. Despite the most recent advances in diabetes care, patients suffering from type 1 diabetes still display a shortened life expectancy compared to their healthy counterparts. In an effort to improve β-cell-replacement therapies, numerous approaches are currently being pursued, most of these aiming at finding ways to differentiate stem/progenitor cells into β-like cells by mimicking embryonic development. Unfortunately, these efforts have hitherto not allowed the generation of fully functional β-cells. This chapter summarizes recent findings, allowing a better insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the genesis of β-cells during the course of pancreatic morphogenesis. Furthermore, a focus is made on new research avenues concerning the conversion of pre-existing pancreatic cells into β-like cells, such approaches holding great promise for the development of type 1 diabetes therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Avolio
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR 7277, Nice, France; Inserm, iBV, U1091, Nice, France; CNRS, iBV, UMR 7277, Nice, France
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34
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Stettler O, Moya KL. Distinct roles of homeoproteins in brain topographic mapping and in neural circuit formation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 35:165-72. [PMID: 25042849 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The construction of the brain is a highly regulated process, requiring coordination of various cellular and molecular mechanisms that together ensure the stability of the cerebrum architecture and functions. The mature brain is an organ that performs complex computational operations using specific sensory information from the outside world and this requires precise organization within sensory networks and a separation of sensory modalities during development. We review here the role of homeoproteins in the arealization of the brain according to sensorimotor functions, the micropartition of its cytoarchitecture, and the maturation of its sensory circuitry. One of the most interesting observation about homeoproteins in recent years concerns their ability to act both in a cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous manner. The highlights in the present review collectively show how these two modes of action of homeoproteins confer various functions in shaping cortical maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Stettler
- Laboratoire CRRET EAC 7149, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 61, Av. du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France.
| | - Kenneth L Moya
- Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, UMR CNRS 7241/INSERM U1050, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France; Labex Memolife, PSL Research University, France
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35
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Cano DA, Soria B, Martín F, Rojas A. Transcriptional control of mammalian pancreas organogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:2383-402. [PMID: 24221136 PMCID: PMC11113897 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1510-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The field of pancreas development has markedly expanded over the last decade, significantly advancing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control pancreas organogenesis. This growth has been fueled, in part, by the need to generate new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of diabetes. The creation of sophisticated genetic tools in mice has been instrumental in this progress. Genetic manipulation involving activation or inactivation of genes within specific cell types has allowed the identification of many transcription factors (TFs) that play critical roles in the organogenesis of the pancreas. Interestingly, many of these TFs act at multiple stages of pancreatic development, and adult organ function or repair. Interaction with other TFs, extrinsic signals, and epigenetic regulation are among the mechanisms by which TFs may play context-dependent roles during pancreas organogenesis. Many of the pancreatic TFs directly regulate each other and their own expression. These combinatorial interactions generate very specific gene regulatory networks that can define the different cell lineages and types in the developing pancreas. Here, we review recent progress made in understanding the role of pancreatic TFs in mouse pancreas formation. We also summarize our current knowledge of human pancreas development and discuss developmental pancreatic TFs that have been associated with human pancreatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Cano
- Endocrinology Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Bernat Soria
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Avda. Americo Vespucio s/n., Parque Científico Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Martín
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Avda. Americo Vespucio s/n., Parque Científico Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anabel Rojas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Avda. Americo Vespucio s/n., Parque Científico Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
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Sane F, Caloone D, Gmyr V, Engelmann I, Belaich S, Kerr-Conte J, Pattou F, Desailloud R, Hober D. Coxsackievirus B4 can infect human pancreas ductal cells and persist in ductal-like cell cultures which results in inhibition of Pdx1 expression and disturbed formation of islet-like cell aggregates. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:4169-80. [PMID: 23775130 PMCID: PMC11113870 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The role of enteroviruses, especially Coxsackievirus B (CVB), in type 1 diabetes is suspected, but the mechanisms of the virus-induced or aggravated pathogenesis of the disease are unknown. The hypothesis of an enterovirus-induced disturbance of pancreatic β-cells regeneration has been investigated in the human system. The infection of human pancreas ductal cells and pancreatic duct cell line, PANC-1, with CVB4E2 has been studied. Primary ductal cells and PANC-1 cells were infectable with CVB4E2 and a RT-PCR assay without extraction displayed that a larger proportion of cells harbored viral RNA than predicted by the detection of the viral capsid protein VP1 by indirect immunofluorescence. The detection of intracellular positive- and negative-strands of enterovirus genomes in cellular extracts by RT-PCR and the presence of infectious particles in supernatant fluids during the 37 weeks of monitoring demonstrated that CVB4E2 could persist in the pancreatic duct cell line. A persistent infection of these cells resulted in an impaired expression of Pdx1, a transcription factor required for the formation of endocrine pancreas, and a disturbed formation of islet-like cell aggregates of which the viability was decreased. These data support the hypothesis of an impact of enteroviruses onto pancreatic ductal cells which are involved in the renewal of pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Famara Sane
- Laboratoire de Virologie/ EA3610, Université Lille 2, Faculté de Médecine, CHRU, 59120 Loos-lez-Lille, France
| | - Delphine Caloone
- Laboratoire de Virologie/ EA3610, Université Lille 2, Faculté de Médecine, CHRU, 59120 Loos-lez-Lille, France
| | - Valéry Gmyr
- Laboratoire Biothérapie du diabète, INSERM U859 CHRU de Lille, 59045, Lille, France
| | - Ilka Engelmann
- Laboratoire de Virologie/ EA3610, Université Lille 2, Faculté de Médecine, CHRU, 59120 Loos-lez-Lille, France
| | - Sandrine Belaich
- Laboratoire Biothérapie du diabète, INSERM U859 CHRU de Lille, 59045, Lille, France
| | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- Laboratoire Biothérapie du diabète, INSERM U859 CHRU de Lille, 59045, Lille, France
| | - François Pattou
- Laboratoire Biothérapie du diabète, INSERM U859 CHRU de Lille, 59045, Lille, France
| | - Rachel Desailloud
- Service d’Endocrinologie-Diabétologie-Nutrition, UPJV CHU, 80054 Amiens, France
| | - Didier Hober
- Laboratoire de Virologie/ EA3610, Université Lille 2, Faculté de Médecine, CHRU, 59120 Loos-lez-Lille, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie/EA3610, Institut Hippocrate, CHRU Lille, 152 rue du Dr Yersin, 59120 Loos-Lez-Lille, France
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He KH, Juhl K, Karadimos M, El Khattabi I, Fitzpatrick C, Bonner-Weir S, Sharma A. Differentiation of pancreatic endocrine progenitors reversibly blocked by premature induction of MafA. Dev Biol 2013; 385:2-12. [PMID: 24183936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Specification and maturation of insulin(+) cells accompanies a transition in expression of Maf family of transcription factors. In development, MafA is expressed after specification of insulin(+) cells that are expressing another Maf factor, MafB; after birth, these insulin(+) MafA(+) cells stop MafB expression and gain glucose responsiveness. Current differentiation protocols for deriving insulin-producing β-cells from stem cells result in β-cells lacking both MafA expression and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. So driving expression of MafA, a β-cell maturation factor in endocrine precursors could potentially generate glucose-responsive MafA(+) β cells. Using inducible transgenic mice, we characterized the final stages of β-cell differentiation and maturation with MafA pause/release experiments. We found that forcing MafA transgene expression, out of its normal developmental context, in Ngn3(+) endocrine progenitors blocked endocrine differentiation and prevented the formation of hormone(+) cells. However, this arrest was reversible such that with stopping the transgene expression, the cells resumed their differentiation to hormone(+) cells, including α-cells, indicating that the block likely occurred after progenitors had committed to a specific hormonal fate. Interestingly, this delayed resumption of endocrine differentiation resulted in a greater proportion of immature insulin(+)MafB(+) cells at P5, demonstrating that during maturation the inhibition of MafB in β-cell transitioning from insulin(+)MafB(+) to insulin(+)MafB(-) stage is regulated by cell-autonomous mechanisms. These results demonstrate the importance of proper context of initiating MafA expression on the endocrine differentiation and suggest that generating mature Insulin(+)MafA(+) β-cells will require the induction of MafA in a narrow temporal window to achieve normal endocrine differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- KaiHui Hu He
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Kirstine Juhl
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Michael Karadimos
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Ilham El Khattabi
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Connor Fitzpatrick
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Susan Bonner-Weir
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Arun Sharma
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, United States
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Guo L, Inada A, Aguayo-Mazzucato C, Hollister-Lock J, Fujitani Y, Weir GC, Wright CV, Sharma A, Bonner-Weir S. PDX1 in ducts is not required for postnatal formation of β-cells but is necessary for their subsequent maturation. Diabetes 2013; 62:3459-68. [PMID: 23775765 PMCID: PMC3781453 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (Pdx1), a transcription factor required for pancreatic development and maintenance of β-cell function, was assessed for a possible role in postnatal β-cell formation from progenitors in the pancreatic ducts by selectively deleting Pdx1 from the ducts. Carbonic anhydrase II (CAII)(Cre);Pdx1(Fl) mice were euglycemic for the first 2 postnatal weeks but showed moderate hyperglycemia from 3 to 7 weeks of age. By 10 weeks, they had near-normal morning fed glucose levels but showed severely impaired glucose tolerance and insulin secretion. Yet the loss of Pdx1 did not result in decreased islet and β-cell mass at 4 and 10 weeks of age. Within the same pancreas, there was a mixed population of islets, with PDX1 and MAFA protein expression normal in some cells and severely diminished in others. Even at 10 weeks, islets expressed immaturity markers. Thus, we conclude that Pdx1 is not necessary for the postnatal formation of β-cells but is essential for their full maturation to glucose-responsive β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Guo
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Akari Inada
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Diabetes and Genes, Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Cristina Aguayo-Mazzucato
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Hollister-Lock
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yoshio Fujitani
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gordon C. Weir
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher V.E. Wright
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Arun Sharma
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan Bonner-Weir
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Corresponding author: Susan Bonner-Weir,
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Shih HP, Wang A, Sander M. Pancreas organogenesis: from lineage determination to morphogenesis. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2013; 29:81-105. [PMID: 23909279 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-101512-122405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The pancreas is an essential organ for proper nutrient metabolism and has both endocrine and exocrine function. In the past two decades, knowledge of how the pancreas develops during embryogenesis has significantly increased, largely from developmental studies in model organisms. Specifically, the molecular basis of pancreatic lineage decisions and cell differentiation is well studied. Still not well understood are the mechanisms governing three-dimensional morphogenesis of the organ. Strategies to derive transplantable β-cells in vitro for diabetes treatment have benefited from the accumulated knowledge of pancreas development. In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of pancreatic lineage determination and organogenesis, and we examine future implications of these findings for treatment of diabetes mellitus through cell replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Ping Shih
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0695;
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40
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Delaspre F, Massumi M, Salido M, Soria B, Ravassard P, Savatier P, Skoudy A. Directed pancreatic acinar differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells via embryonic signalling molecules and exocrine transcription factors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54243. [PMID: 23349836 PMCID: PMC3547908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESC) are a promising cellular system for generating an unlimited source of tissue for the treatment of chronic diseases and valuable in vitro differentiation models for drug testing. Our aim was to direct differentiation of mouse ESC into pancreatic acinar cells, which play key roles in pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. To that end, ESC were first differentiated as embryoid bodies and sequentially incubated with activin A, inhibitors of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathways, fibroblast growth factors (FGF) and retinoic acid (RA) in order to achieve a stepwise increase in the expression of mRNA transcripts encoding for endodermal and pancreatic progenitor markers. Subsequent plating in Matrigel® and concomitant modulation of FGF, glucocorticoid, and folllistatin signalling pathways involved in exocrine differentiation resulted in a significant increase of mRNAs encoding secretory enzymes and in the number of cells co-expressing their protein products. Also, pancreatic endocrine marker expression was down-regulated and accompanied by a significant reduction in the number of hormone-expressing cells with a limited presence of hepatic marker expressing-cells. These findings suggest a selective activation of the acinar differentiation program. The newly differentiated cells were able to release α-amylase and this feature was greatly improved by lentiviral-mediated expression of Rbpjl and Ptf1a, two transcription factors involved in the maximal production of digestive enzymes. This study provides a novel method to produce functional pancreatic exocrine cells from ESC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Delaspre
- Cancer Research Program, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohammad Massumi
- Cancer Research Program, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Salido
- Cancer Research Program, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernat Soria
- CABIMER, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pierre Savatier
- Stem Cells and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Anouchka Skoudy
- Cancer Research Program, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
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PDX-1, CDX-2, TTF-1, and CK7: a reliable immunohistochemical panel for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Am J Surg Pathol 2012; 36:737-43. [PMID: 22498824 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e31824aba59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) occur in virtually all sites of the body. As NETs arising in different organs share similar morphologic features, distinguishing metastatic from primary NETs on the basis of morphologic grounds alone is difficult. Pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1) is a Hox-type transcription factor that is essential for both exocrine and endocrine pancreatic differentiation and maintenance of β-cell function. We investigated PDX-1 as an immunohistochemical (IHC) marker in primary pancreatic NETs. Eighty primary NETs [25 pancreatic, 29 bronchopulmonary, and 26 in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract] and 13 metastatic NETs in the liver were studied. Clinical and radiologic data were reviewed to confirm the stated primary sites. IHC analysis for PDX-1, CDX-2, thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), keratin 7 (CK7), and keratin 20 (CK20) was performed, and the results were based on review blinded to the primary sites. PDX-1 was seen in 18 of 25 (72%) pancreatic NETs; in contrast, only 3 of 29 (10%) bronchopulmonary NETs and 1 of 26 (4%) GI NETs were positive. PDX-1 was therefore 93% specific and 72% sensitive for pancreatic NETs. TTF-1 was expressed only in bronchopulmonary NETs; all other NETs were negative for TTF-1. CK7 was also very specific (92%) and moderately sensitive (66%) for bronchopulmonary NETs. CDX-2 was seen in 22 of 26 (85%) cases of GI NETs and in only 1 of 51 (2%) cases of extra-GI NETs. Thus, CDX-2 was 98% specific and 85% sensitive for GI NETs. In terms of metastatic NETs found in the liver, PDX-1 was positive in 5 of 5 cases of metastatic pancreatic NETs and 2 of 2 cases of metastatic duodenal NETs. PDX-1 is highly specific, with very good overall diagnostic accuracy for pancreatic NETs. An IHC panel including PDX-1, CDX-2, TTF-1, CK7, and CK20 may be useful in distinguishing NETs of pancreatic origin from other primaries.
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Weber T, Renzland I, Baur M, Mönks S, Herrmann E, Huppert V, Nürnberg F, Schönig K, Bartsch D. Tetracycline inducible gene manipulation in serotonergic neurons. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38193. [PMID: 22693598 PMCID: PMC3364967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The serotonergic (5-HT) neuronal system has important and diverse physiological functions throughout development and adulthood. Its dysregulation during development or later in adulthood has been implicated in many neuropsychiatric disorders. Transgenic animal models designed to study the contribution of serotonergic susceptibility genes to a pathological phenotype should ideally allow to study candidate gene overexpression or gene knockout selectively in serotonergic neurons at any desired time during life. For this purpose, conditional expression systems such as the tet-system are preferable. Here, we generated a transactivator (tTA) mouse line (TPH2-tTA) that allows temporal and spatial control of tetracycline (Ptet) controlled transgene expression as well as gene deletion in 5-HT neurons. The tTA cDNA was inserted into a 196 kb PAC containing a genomic mouse Tph2 fragment (177 kb) by homologous recombination in E. coli. For functional analysis of Ptet-controlled transgene expression, TPH2-tTA mice were crossed to a Ptet-regulated lacZ reporter line (Ptet-nLacZ). In adult double-transgenic TPH2-tTA/Ptet-nLacZ mice, TPH2-tTA founder line L62-20 showed strong serotonergic β-galactosidase expression which could be completely suppressed with doxycycline (Dox). Furthermore, Ptet-regulated gene expression could be reversibly activated or inactivated when Dox was either withdrawn or added to the system. For functional analysis of Ptet-controlled, Cre-mediated gene deletion, TPH2-tTA mice (L62-20) were crossed to double transgenic Ptet-Cre/R26R reporter mice to generate TPH2-tTA/Ptet-Cre/R26R mice. Without Dox, 5-HT specific recombination started at E12.5. With permanent Dox administration, Ptet-controlled Cre-mediated recombination was absent. Dox withdrawal either postnatally or during adulthood induced efficient recombination in serotonergic neurons of all raphe nuclei, respectively. In the enteric nervous system, recombination could not be detected. We generated a transgenic mouse tTA line (TPH2-tTA) which allows both inducible and reversible transgene expression and inducible Cre-mediated gene deletion selectively in 5-HT neurons throughout life. This will allow precise delineation of serotonergic gene functions during development and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tillmann Weber
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Insa Renzland
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Max Baur
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Simon Mönks
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elke Herrmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Verena Huppert
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frank Nürnberg
- Institute for Applied Mathematics, Faculty for Informatics, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kai Schönig
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dusan Bartsch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- * E-mail:
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WESTMORELAND JOBYJ, KILIC GAMZE, SARTAIN CAROLINE, SIRMA SEMA, BLAIN JENNIFER, REHG JEROLD, HARVEY NATASHA, SOSA–PINEDA BEATRIZ. Pancreas-specific deletion of Prox1 affects development and disrupts homeostasis of the exocrine pancreas. Gastroenterology 2012; 142:999-1009.e6. [PMID: 22178591 PMCID: PMC3398795 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The exocrine portion of the pancreas functions in digestion and preserves pancreatic homeostasis. Learning how this tissue forms during embryogenesis could improve our understanding of human pancreatic diseases. Expression of the homeobox gene Prox1 in the exocrine pancreas changes throughout development in mice. We investigated the role of Prox1 in development of the exocrine pancreas in mice. METHODS Mice with pancreas-specific deletion of Prox1 (Prox1(ΔPanc)) were generated and their pancreatic tissues were analyzed using immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, histologic techniques, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and morphometric analysis. RESULTS Loss of Prox1 from the pancreas led to multiple exocrine alterations, most notably premature acinar cell differentiation, increased ductal cell proliferation, altered duct morphogenesis, and imbalanced expression of claudin proteins. Prox1(ΔPanc) mice also had some minor alterations in islet cells, but beta-cell development was not affected. The exocrine congenital defects of Prox1(ΔPanc) pancreata appeared to initiate a gradual process of deterioration that resulted in extensive loss of acinar cells, lipomatosis, and damage to ductal tissue in adult mice. CONCLUSIONS Pancreas-specific deletion of Prox1 causes premature differentiation of acinar cells and poor elongation of epithelial branches; these defects indicate that Prox1 controls the expansion of tip progenitors in the early developing pancreas. During later stages of embryogenesis, Prox1 appears to regulate duct cell proliferation and morphogenesis. These findings identify Prox1 as an important regulator of pancreatic exocrine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- JOBY J. WESTMORELAND
- Department of Genetics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - GAMZE KILIC
- Department of Genetics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - CAROLINE SARTAIN
- Department of Genetics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - SEMA SIRMA
- Department of Genetics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - JENNIFER BLAIN
- Department of Genetics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - JEROLD REHG
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - NATASHA HARVEY
- Department of Genetics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - BEATRIZ SOSA–PINEDA
- Department of Genetics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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Essential role of the small GTPase Ran in postnatal pancreatic islet development. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27879. [PMID: 22114719 PMCID: PMC3219697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase Ran orchestrates pleiotropic cellular responses of nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling, mitosis and subcellular trafficking, but whether deregulation of these pathways contributes to disease pathogenesis has remained elusive. Here, we generated transgenic mice expressing wild type (WT) Ran, loss-of-function Ran T24N mutant or constitutively active Ran G19V mutant in pancreatic islet β cells under the control of the rat insulin promoter. Embryonic pancreas and islet development, including emergence of insulin+ β cells, was indistinguishable in control or transgenic mice. However, by one month after birth, transgenic mice expressing any of the three Ran variants exhibited overt diabetes, with hyperglycemia, reduced insulin production, and nearly complete loss of islet number and islet mass, in vivo. Deregulated Ran signaling in transgenic mice, adenoviral over-expression of WT or mutant Ran in isolated islets, or short hairpin RNA (shRNA) silencing of endogenous Ran in model insulinoma INS-1 cells, all resulted in decreased expression of the pancreatic and duodenal homeobox transcription factor, PDX-1, and reduced β cell proliferation, in vivo. These data demonstrate that a finely-tuned balance of Ran GTPase signaling is essential for postnatal pancreatic islet development and glucose homeostasis, in vivo.
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Kimmel RA, Onder L, Wilfinger A, Ellertsdottir E, Meyer D. Requirement for Pdx1 in specification of latent endocrine progenitors in zebrafish. BMC Biol 2011; 9:75. [PMID: 22034951 PMCID: PMC3215967 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-9-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin-producing beta cells emerge during pancreas development in two sequential waves. Recently described later-forming beta cells in zebrafish show high similarity to second wave mammalian beta cells in developmental capacity. Loss-of-function studies in mouse and zebrafish demonstrated that the homeobox transcription factors Pdx1 and Hb9 are both critical for pancreas and beta cell development and discrete stage-specific requirements for these genes have been uncovered. Previously, exocrine and endocrine cell recovery was shown to follow loss of pdx1 in zebrafish, but the progenitor cells and molecular mechanisms responsible have not been clearly defined. In addition, interactions of pdx1 and hb9 in beta cell formation have not been addressed. Results To learn more about endocrine progenitor specification, we examined beta cell formation following morpholino-mediated depletion of pdx1 and hb9. We find that after early beta cell reduction, recovery occurs following loss of either pdx1 or hb9 function. Unexpectedly, simultaneous knockdown of both hb9 and pdx1 leads to virtually complete and persistent beta cell deficiency. We used a NeuroD:EGFP transgenic line to examine endocrine cell behavior in vivo and developed a novel live-imaging technique to document emergence and migration of late-forming endocrine precursors in real time. Our data show that Notch-responsive progenitors for late-arising endocrine cells are predominantly post mitotic and depend on pdx1. By contrast, early-arising endocrine cells are specified and differentiate independent of pdx1. Conclusions The nearly complete beta cell deficiency after combined loss of hb9 and pdx1 suggests functional cooperation, which we clarify as distinct roles in early and late endocrine cell formation. A novel imaging approach permitted visualization of the emergence of late endocrine cells within developing embryos for the first time. We demonstrate a pdx1-dependent progenitor population essential for the formation of duct-associated, second wave endocrine cells. We further reveal an unexpectedly low mitotic activity in these progenitor cells, indicating that they are set aside early in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A Kimmel
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI; Leopold-Francis University, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Abstract
Pancreas oganogenesis comprises a coordinated and highly complex interplay of signaling events and transcriptional networks that guide a step-wise process of organ development from early bud specification all the way to the final mature organ state. Extensive research on pancreas development over the last few years, largely driven by a translational potential for pancreatic diseases (diabetes, pancreatic cancer, and so on), is markedly advancing our knowledge of these processes. It is a tenable goal that we will one day have a clear, complete picture of the transcriptional and signaling codes that control the entire organogenetic process, allowing us to apply this knowledge in a therapeutic context, by generating replacement cells in vitro, or perhaps one day to the whole organ in vivo. This review summarizes findings in the past 5 years that we feel are amongst the most significant in contributing to the deeper understanding of pancreas development. Rather than try to cover all aspects comprehensively, we have chosen to highlight interesting new concepts, and to discuss provocatively some of the more controversial findings or proposals. At the end of the review, we include a perspective section on how the whole pancreas differentiation process might be able to be unwound in a regulated fashion, or redirected, and suggest linkages to the possible reprogramming of other pancreatic cell-types in vivo, and to the optimization of the forward-directed-differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESC), or induced pluripotential cells (iPSC), towards mature β-cells.
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Claiborn KC, Sachdeva MM, Cannon CE, Groff DN, Singer JD, Stoffers DA. Pcif1 modulates Pdx1 protein stability and pancreatic β cell function and survival in mice. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:3713-21. [PMID: 20811152 DOI: 10.1172/jci40440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The homeodomain transcription factor pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) is a major mediator of insulin transcription and a key regulator of the β cell phenotype. Heterozygous mutations in PDX1 are associated with the development of diabetes in humans. Understanding how Pdx1 expression levels are controlled is therefore of intense interest in the study and treatment of diabetes. Pdx1 C terminus-interacting factor-1 (Pcif1, also known as SPOP) is a nuclear protein that inhibits Pdx1 transactivation. Here, we show that Pcif1 targets Pdx1 for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Silencing of Pcif1 increased Pdx1 protein levels in cultured mouse β cells, and Pcif1 heterozygosity normalized Pdx1 protein levels in Pdx1(+/-) mouse islets, thereby increasing expression of key Pdx1 transcriptional targets. Remarkably, Pcif1 heterozygosity improved glucose homeostasis and β cell function and normalized β cell mass in Pdx1(+/-) mice by modulating β cell survival. These findings indicate that in adult mouse β cells, Pcif1 limits Pdx1 protein accumulation and thus the expression of insulin and other gene targets important in the maintenance of β cell mass and function. They also provide evidence that targeting the turnover of a pancreatic transcription factor in vivo can improve glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn C Claiborn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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von Burstin J, Reichert M, Wescott MP, Rustgi AK. The pancreatic and duodenal homeobox protein PDX-1 regulates the ductal specific keratin 19 through the degradation of MEIS1 and DNA binding. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12311. [PMID: 20808819 PMCID: PMC2924401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreas organogenesis is the result of well-orchestrated and balanced activities of transcription factors. The homeobox transcription factor PDX-1 plays a crucial role in the development and function of the pancreas, both in the maintenance of progenitor cells and in determination and maintenance of differentiated endocrine cells. However, the activity of homeobox transcription factors requires coordination with co-factors, such as PBX and MEIS proteins. PBX and MEIS proteins belong to the family of three amino acid loop extension (TALE) homeodomain proteins. In a previous study we found that PDX-1 negatively regulates the transcriptional activity of the ductal specific keratin 19 (Krt19). In this study, we investigate the role of different domains of PDX-1 and elucidate the functional interplay of PDX-1 and MEIS1 necessary for Krt19 regulation. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we demonstrate that PDX-1 exerts a dual manner of regulation of Krt19 transcriptional activity. Deletion studies highlight that the NH2-terminus of PDX-1 is functionally relevant for the down-regulation of Krt19, as it is required for DNA binding of PDX-1 to the Krt19 promoter. Moreover, this effect occurs independently of PBX. Second, we provide insight on how PDX-1 regulates the Hox co-factor MEIS1 post-transcriptionally. We find specific binding of MEIS1 and MEIS2 to the Krt19 promoter using IP-EMSA, and siRNA mediated silencing of Meis1, but not Meis2, reduces transcriptional activation of Krt19 in primary pancreatic ductal cells. Over-expression of PDX-1 leads to a decreased level of MEIS1 protein, and this decrease is prevented by inhibition of the proteasome. Conclusions/Significance Taken together, our data provide evidence for a dual mechanism of how PDX-1 negatively regulates Krt19 ductal specific gene expression. These findings imply that transcription factors may efficiently regulate target gene expression through diverse, non-redundant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes von Burstin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Maximilian Reichert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Melanie P. Wescott
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anil K. Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kordowich S, Mansouri A, Collombat P. Reprogramming into pancreatic endocrine cells based on developmental cues. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 323:62-9. [PMID: 20025937 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to the increasing prevalence of type 1 diabetes and the complications arising from actual therapies, alternative treatments need to be established. In order to compensate the beta-cell deficiency associated with type 1 diabetes, current researches focus on new strategies to generate insulin-producing beta cells for transplantation purpose, including the differentiation of stem or progenitor cells, as well as the transdifferentiation of dispensable mature cell types. However, to successfully force any cell to adopt a functional beta-cell fate or phenotype, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the genesis of these in vivo is required. The present short review summarizes the hitherto known functions and interplays of several key factors involved in the differentiation of the endocrine cell lineages during pancreas morphogenesis, as well as there potential in generating beta cells. Furthermore, an emphasize is made on beta-cell regeneration and the determinants implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kordowich
- Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Am Fassberg, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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50
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Brown JEP, Conner AC, Digby JE, Ward KL, Ramanjaneya M, Randeva HS, Dunmore SJ. Regulation of beta-cell viability and gene expression by distinct agonist fragments of adiponectin. Peptides 2010; 31:944-9. [PMID: 20156502 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an established risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Activation of the adiponectin receptors has a clear role in improving insulin resistance although conflicting evidence exists for its effects on pancreatic beta-cells. Previous reports have identified both adiponectin receptors (ADR-1 and ADR-2) in the beta-cell. Recent evidence has suggested that two distinct regions of the adiponectin molecule, the globular domain and a small N-terminal region, have agonist properties. This study investigates the effects of two agonist regions of adiponectin on insulin secretion, gene expression, cell viability and cell signalling in the rat beta-cell line BRIN-BD11, as well as investigating the expression levels of adiponectin receptors (ADRs) in these cells. Cells were treated with globular adiponectin and adiponectin (15-36) +/-leptin to investigate cell viability, expression of key beta-cell genes and ERK1/2 activation. Both globular adiponectin and adiponectin (15-36) caused significant ERK1/2 dependent increases in cell viability. Leptin co-incubation attenuated adiponectin (15-36) but not globular adiponectin induced cell viability. Globular adiponectin, but not adiponectin (15-36), caused a significant 450% increase in PDX-1 expression and a 45% decrease in LPL expression. ADR-1 was expressed at a higher level than ADR-2, and ADR mRNA levels were differentially regulated by non-esterified fatty acids and peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor agonists. These data provide evidence of roles for two distinct adiponectin agonist domains in the beta-cell and confirm the potentially important role of adiponectin receptor agonism in maintaining beta-cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E P Brown
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
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