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Esposito M, Migliaccio A, Credendino SC, Maturi R, Prevete N, De Vita G. KLHL14 is a tumor suppressor downregulated in undifferentiated thyroid cancer. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:297. [PMID: 38909024 PMCID: PMC11193815 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
KLHL14 is a substrate-binding subunit of Cullin-RING ligase 3 ubiquitin ligase complex, highly enriched in thyroid since early embryonic development, together with its antisense RNA KLHL14-AS. We have previously demonstrated that Klhl14-AS is a competing endogenous RNA regulating several differentiation and survival factors in thyroid cancer, acting as tumor suppressor. Recently, also KLHL14 has been shown to function as tumor suppressor in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and in malignant mesothelioma. Here we show that KLHL14 expression is strongly reduced in anaplastic thyroid cancer, the less differentiated and most aggressive type of thyroid neoplasia. Such reduction is reproduced in different in vivo and in vitro models of thyroid cancer, being invariably associated with loss of differentiation. When Klhl14 expression is rescued in thyroid transformed cells, it reduces the cell proliferation rate and increase the number of apoptotic cells. On the other side, Klhl14 loss of function in normal thyroid cells affects the expression of several regulatory as well as functional thyroid markers. All these findings suggest that KLHL14 could be considered as a novel tumor suppressor in thyroid cancer, by also revealing its physiological role in the maintenance of a fully differentiated and functional thyroid phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Esposito
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali (DiSMeT), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonella Migliaccio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sara Carmela Credendino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rufina Maturi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Nella Prevete
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali (DiSMeT), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gabriella De Vita
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy.
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2
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Zhang Z, Wu Y, Fu J, Yu X, Su Y, Jia S, Cheng H, Shen Y, He X, Ren K, Zheng X, Guan H, Rao F, Zhao L. Proteostatic reactivation of the developmental transcription factor TBX3 drives BRAF/MAPK-mediated tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4108. [PMID: 38750011 PMCID: PMC11096176 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48173-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
MAPK pathway-driven tumorigenesis, often induced by BRAFV600E, relies on epithelial dedifferentiation. However, how lineage differentiation events are reprogrammed remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that proteostatic reactivation of developmental factor, TBX3, accounts for BRAF/MAPK-mediated dedifferentiation and tumorigenesis. During embryonic development, BRAF/MAPK upregulates USP15 to stabilize TBX3, which orchestrates organogenesis by restraining differentiation. The USP15-TBX3 axis is reactivated during tumorigenesis, and Usp15 knockout prohibits BRAFV600E-driven tumor development in a Tbx3-dependent manner. Deleting Tbx3 or Usp15 leads to tumor redifferentiation, which parallels their overdifferentiation tendency during development, exemplified by disrupted thyroid folliculogenesis and elevated differentiation factors such as Tpo, Nis, Tg. The clinical relevance is highlighted in that both USP15 and TBX3 highly correlates with BRAFV600E signature and poor tumor prognosis. Thus, USP15 stabilized TBX3 represents a critical proteostatic mechanism downstream of BRAF/MAPK-directed developmental homeostasis and pathological transformation, supporting that tumorigenesis largely relies on epithelial dedifferentiation achieved via embryonic regulatory program reinitiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlei Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yufan Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinrong Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiujie Yu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Su
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shikai Jia
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huili Cheng
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianghui He
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangqian Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Haixia Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Feng Rao
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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3
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Coperchini F, Greco A, Croce L, Denegri M, Magri F, Rotondi M, Chiovato L. In vitro study of glyphosate effects on thyroid cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120801. [PMID: 36462676 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a pesticide, which contaminates the environment and exposes workers and general population to its residues present in foods and waters. In soil, Glyphosate is degraded in metabolites, amino-methyl-phosphonic acid (AMPA) being the main one. Glyphosate is considered a potential cancerogenic and endocrine-disruptor agent, however its adverse effects on the thyroid were evaluated only in animal models and in vitro data are still lacking. Aim of this study was to investigate whether exposure to Glyphosate could exert adverse effects on thyroid cells in vitro. Two models (adherent-2D and spheroid-3D) derived from the same cell strain Fisher-rat-thyroid-cell line-5 (FRTL-5) were employed. After exposure to Glyphosate at increasing concentrations (0.0, 0.1-0.25- 0.5-1.0-2.0-10.0 mM) we evaluated cell viability by WST-1 (adherent and spheroids), results being confirmed by propidium-iodide staining (only for spheroids). Proliferation of adherent cells was assessed by crystal violet and trypan-blue assays, the increasing volume of spheroids was taken as a measure of proliferation. We also evaluated the ability of cells to form spheroids after Glyphosate exposure. We assessed changes of reactive-oxygen-species (ROS) by the cell-permeant H2DCFDA. Glyphosate-induced changes of mRNAs encoding for thyroid-related genes (TSHR, TPO, TG, NIS, TTF-1 and PAX8) were evaluated by RT-PCR. Glyphosate reduced cell viability and proliferation in both models, even if at different concentrations. Glyphosate at the highest concentration reduced the ability of FRTL-5 to form spheroids. An increased ROS production was found in both models after exposure to Glyphosate. Finally, Glyphosate increased the mRNA levels of some thyroid related genes (TSHR, TPO, TG and TTF-1) in both models, while it increased the mRNAs of PAX8 and NIS only in the adherent model. The present study supports an adverse effect of Glyphosate on cultured thyroid cells. Glyphosate reduced cell viability and proliferation and increased ROS production in thyroid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Coperchini
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Greco
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Croce
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Marco Denegri
- Unit of Molecular Cardiology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Flavia Magri
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Mario Rotondi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Luca Chiovato
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, 27100, Pavia, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100, Italy.
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Kakun RR, Melamed Z, Perets R. PAX8 in the Junction between Development and Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137410. [PMID: 35806410 PMCID: PMC9266416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal processes of embryonic development and abnormal transformation to cancer have many parallels, and in fact many aberrant cancer cell capabilities are embryonic traits restored in a distorted, unorganized way. Some of these capabilities are cell autonomous, such as proliferation and resisting apoptosis, while others involve a complex interplay with other cells that drives significant changes in neighboring cells. The correlation between embryonic development and cancer is driven by shared proteins. Some embryonic proteins disappear after embryogenesis in adult differentiated cells and are restored in cancer, while others are retained in adult cells, acquiring new functions upon transformation to cancer. Many embryonic factors embraced by cancer cells are transcription factors; some are master regulators that play a major role in determining cell fate. The paired box (PAX) domain family of developmental transcription factors includes nine members involved in differentiation of various organs. All paired box domain proteins are involved in different cancer types carrying pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic roles. This review focuses on PAX8, a master regulator of transcription in embryonic development of the thyroid, kidney, and male and female genital tracts. We detail the role of PAX8 in each of these organ systems, describe its role during development and in the adult if known, and highlight its pro-tumorigenic role in cancers that emerge from PAX8 expressing organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reli Rachel Kakun
- Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Zohar Melamed
- Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
| | - Ruth Perets
- Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
- Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
- Correspondence:
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Takagi W, Sugahara F, Higuchi S, Kusakabe R, Pascual-Anaya J, Sato I, Oisi Y, Ogawa N, Miyanishi H, Adachi N, Hyodo S, Kuratani S. Thyroid and endostyle development in cyclostomes provides new insights into the evolutionary history of vertebrates. BMC Biol 2022; 20:76. [PMID: 35361194 PMCID: PMC8973611 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The endostyle is an epithelial exocrine gland found in non-vertebrate chordates (amphioxi and tunicates) and the larvae of modern lampreys. It is generally considered to be an evolutionary precursor of the thyroid gland of vertebrates. Transformation of the endostyle into the thyroid gland during the metamorphosis of lampreys is thus deemed to be a recapitulation of a past event in vertebrate evolution. In 1906, Stockard reported that the thyroid gland in hagfish, the sister cyclostome group of lampreys, develops through an endostyle-like primordium, strongly supporting the plesiomorphy of the lamprey endostyle. However, the findings in hagfish thyroid development were solely based on this single study, and these have not been confirmed by modern molecular, genetic, and morphological data pertaining to hagfish thyroid development over the last century. Results Here, we showed that the thyroid gland of hagfish undergoes direct development from the ventrorostral pharyngeal endoderm, where the previously described endostyle-like primordium was not found. The developmental pattern of the hagfish thyroid, including histological features and regulatory gene expression profiles, closely resembles that found in modern jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes). Meanwhile, as opposed to gnathostomes but similar to non-vertebrate chordates, lamprey and hagfish share a broad expression domain of Nkx2-1/2-4, a key regulatory gene, in the pharyngeal epithelium during early developmental stages. Conclusions Based on the direct development of the thyroid gland both in hagfish and gnathostomes, and the shared expression profile of thyroid-related transcription factors in the cyclostomes, we challenge the plesiomorphic status of the lamprey endostyle and propose an alternative hypothesis where the lamprey endostyle could be obtained secondarily in crown lampreys. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01282-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Takagi
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8564, Japan. .,Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Fumiaki Sugahara
- Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Division of Biology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Higuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.,Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Rie Kusakabe
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Juan Pascual-Anaya
- Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Present Address: Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Present Address: Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | - Iori Sato
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Oisi
- Laboratory for Haptic Perception and Cognitive Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ogawa
- Laboratory Research Support Section, Center for Cooperative Research Promotion, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8564, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyanishi
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Noritaka Adachi
- Aix-Marseille Université, IBDM, CNRS UMR 7288, Marseille, France.,Present address: Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Susumu Hyodo
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8564, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kuratani
- Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan. .,Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
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Zhang P, Guan H, Yuan S, Cheng H, Zheng J, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Yu Y, Meng Z, Zheng X, Zhao L. Targeting myeloid derived suppressor cells reverts immune suppression and sensitizes BRAF-mutant papillary thyroid cancer to MAPK inhibitors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1588. [PMID: 35332119 PMCID: PMC8948260 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29000-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MAPK signaling inhibitor (MAPKi) therapies show limited efficacy for advanced thyroid cancers despite constitutive activation of the signaling correlates with disease recurrence and persistence. Understanding how BRAF pathway stimulates tumorigenesis could lead to new therapeutic targets. Here, through genetic and pathological approaches, we demonstrate that BRAFV600E promotes thyroid cancer development by increasing myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) penetrance. This BRAFV600E-induced immune suppression involves re-activation of the developmental factor TBX3, which in turn up-regulates CXCR2 ligands in a TLR2-NFκB dependent manner, leading to MDSCs recruitment into the tumor microenvironment. CXCR2 inhibition or MDSCs repression improves MAPKi therapy effect. Clinically, high TBX3 expression correlates with BRAFV600E mutation and increased CXCR2 ligands, along with abundant MDSCs infiltration. Thus, our study uncovers a BRAFV600E-TBX3-CXCLs-MDSCs axis that guides patient stratification and could be targeted to improve the efficacy of MAPKi therapy in advanced thyroid cancer patients. BRAF-V600E mutation is common in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and has been associated with an aggressive phenotype. Here the authors show that the mutation supports cancer progression by reactivating the developmental factor TBX3 and promoting the recruitment of myeloid derived suppressive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peitao Zhang
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Haixia Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shukai Yuan
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huili Cheng
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhang
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaowei Meng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangqian Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Zhao
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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7
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Abu-Bonsrah KD, Newgreen DF, Dottori M. Development of Functional Thyroid C Cell-like Cells from Human Pluripotent Cells in 2D and in 3D Scaffolds. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112897. [PMID: 34831120 PMCID: PMC8616516 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma contributes to about 3–4% of thyroid cancers and affects C cells rather than follicular cells. Thyroid C cell differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells has not been reported. We report the stepwise differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into thyroid C cell-like cells through definitive endoderm and anterior foregut endoderm and ultimobranchial body-like intermediates in monolayer and 3D Matrigel culture conditions. The protocol involved sequential treatment with interferon/transferrin/selenium/pyruvate, foetal bovine serum, and activin A, then IGF-1 (Insulin-like growth factor 1), on the basis of embryonic thyroid developmental sequence. As well as expressing C cell lineage relative to follicular-lineage markers by qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and immunolabelling, these cells by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoassay) exhibited functional properties in vitro of calcitonin storage and release of calcitonin on calcium challenge. This method will contribute to developmental studies of the human thyroid gland and facilitate in vitro modelling of medullary thyroid carcinoma and provide a valuable platform for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwaku Dad Abu-Bonsrah
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Correspondence: (K.D.A.-B.); (D.F.N.); (M.D.)
| | - Donald F. Newgreen
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Correspondence: (K.D.A.-B.); (D.F.N.); (M.D.)
| | - Mirella Dottori
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Correspondence: (K.D.A.-B.); (D.F.N.); (M.D.)
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8
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Albano F, Tucci V, Blackshear PJ, Reale C, Roberto L, Russo F, Marotta P, Porreca I, Colella M, Mallardo M, de Felice M, Ambrosino C. ZFP36L2 Role in Thyroid Functionality. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9379. [PMID: 34502288 PMCID: PMC8431063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone levels are usually genetically determined. Thyrocytes produce a unique set of enzymes that are dedicated to thyroid hormone synthesis. While thyroid transcriptional regulation is well-characterized, post-transcriptional mechanisms have been less investigated. Here, we describe the involvement of ZFP36L2, a protein that stimulates degradation of target mRNAs, in thyroid development and function, by in vivo and in vitro gene targeting in thyrocytes. Thyroid-specific Zfp36l2-/- females were hypothyroid, with reduced levels of circulating free Thyroxine (cfT4) and Triiodothyronine (cfT3). Their hypothyroidism was due to dyshormonogenesis, already evident one week after weaning, while thyroid development appeared normal. We observed decreases in several thyroid-specific transcripts and proteins, such as Nis and its transcriptional regulators (Pax8 and Nkx2.1), and increased apoptosis in Zfp36l2-/- thyroids. Nis, Pax8, and Nkx2.1 mRNAs were also reduced in Zfp36l2 knock-out thyrocytes in vitro (L2KO), in which we confirmed the increased apoptosis. Finally, in L2KO cells, we showed an altered response to TSH stimulation regarding both thyroid-specific gene expression and cell proliferation and survival. This result was supported by increases in P21/WAF1 and p-P38MAPK levels. Mechanistically, we confirmed Notch1 as a target of ZFP36L2 in the thyroid since its levels were increased in both in vitro and in vivo models. In both models, the levels of Id4 mRNA, a potential inhibitor of Pax8 activity, were increased. Overall, the data indicate that the regulation of mRNA stability by ZFP36L2 is a mechanism that controls the function and survival of thyrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Albano
- IEOS-CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Valeria Tucci
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Perry J. Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA;
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Carla Reale
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Luca Roberto
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Filomena Russo
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Pina Marotta
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Immacolata Porreca
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Colella
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Massimo Mallardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Mario de Felice
- IEOS-CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
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9
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Fujita S, Masago K. Alteration of DNA mismatch repair capacity underlying the co-occurrence of non-small-cell lung cancer and nonmedullary thyroid cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3597. [PMID: 33574476 PMCID: PMC7878500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Both non-small-cell lung cancer cases in never-smokers and nonmedullary thyroid cancer cases have been increasing in developed countries. Some studies have shown an excess of co-occurrence of non-small-cell lung cancer and nonmedullary thyroid cancer. We aimed to clarify the underlying genetic factors that contribute to the occurrence of these two malignancies. We performed germline exome sequencing in a cohort of 9 patients with the two malignancies. In terms of candidate genes, we performed target resequencing, immunohistochemistry, and microsatellite instability testing on another cohort. Two rare missense heterozygous variants in MSH6 were identified and verified by Sanger sequencing. One available tumour specimen showed heterogeneous MSH6 status in immunohistochemistry. Further exploration with different cohorts (a total of 8 patients with the two malignancies) demonstrated that 2 out of 8 patients had a germline missense or promotor variant of MLH1 and four out of 10 tumour specimens revealed heterogeneous immunohistochemistry staining in any of the four mismatch repair proteins: MLH1, PMS2, MSH2 and MSH6. Although our cohort showed a different disease profile than Lynch syndrome, this study suggests causal roles of impaired DNA mismatch repair capacity in non-small-cell lung cancer and nonmedullary thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Fujita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe Central Hospital, 2-1-1 Soyama-cho, Kita-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-1145, Japan. .,Division of Integrated Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, 2-2 Minatojima Minami-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiro Masago
- Division of Integrated Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, 2-2 Minatojima Minami-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8681, Japan
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10
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Posabella A, Alber AB, Undeutsch HJ, Droeser RA, Hollenberg AN, Ikonomou L, Kotton DN. Derivation of Thyroid Follicular Cells From Pluripotent Stem Cells: Insights From Development and Implications for Regenerative Medicine. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:666565. [PMID: 33959101 PMCID: PMC8095374 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.666565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies to reconstitute in vivo organ function hold great promise for future clinical applications to a variety of diseases. Hypothyroidism resulting from congenital lack of functional thyrocytes, surgical tissue removal, or gland ablation, represents a particularly attractive endocrine disease target that may be conceivably cured by transplantation of long-lived functional thyroid progenitors or mature follicular epithelial cells, provided a source of autologous cells can be generated and a variety of technical and biological challenges can be surmounted. Here we review the emerging literature indicating that thyroid follicular epithelial cells can now be engineered in vitro from the pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) of mice, normal humans, or patients with congenital hypothyroidism. We review the in vivo embryonic development of the thyroid gland and explain how emerging discoveries in developmental biology have been utilized as a roadmap for driving PSCs, which resemble cells of the early embryo, into mature functional thyroid follicles in vitro. Finally, we discuss the bioengineering, biological, and clinical hurdles that now need to be addressed if the goals of life-long cure of hypothyroidism through cell- and/or gene-based therapies are to be attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Posabella
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- University Center of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases—Clarunis, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea B. Alber
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hendrik J. Undeutsch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Raoul A. Droeser
- University Center of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases—Clarunis, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anthony N. Hollenberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Laertis Ikonomou
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Darrell N. Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Darrell N. Kotton,
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11
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López-Márquez A, Carrasco-López C, Fernández-Méndez C, Santisteban P. Unraveling the Complex Interplay Between Transcription Factors and Signaling Molecules in Thyroid Differentiation and Function, From Embryos to Adults. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:654569. [PMID: 33959098 PMCID: PMC8095082 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.654569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid differentiation of progenitor cells occurs during embryonic development and in the adult thyroid gland, and the molecular bases of these complex and finely regulated processes are becoming ever more clear. In this Review, we describe the most recent advances in the study of transcription factors, signaling molecules and regulatory pathways controlling thyroid differentiation and development in the mammalian embryo. We also discuss the maintenance of the adult differentiated phenotype to ensure the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones. We will focus on endoderm-derived thyroid epithelial cells, which are responsible for the formation of the thyroid follicle, the functional unit of the thyroid gland. The use of animal models and pluripotent stem cells has greatly aided in providing clues to the complicated puzzle of thyroid development and function in adults. The so-called thyroid transcription factors - Nkx2-1, Foxe1, Pax8 and Hhex - were the first pieces of the puzzle identified in mice. Other transcription factors, either acting upstream of or directly with the thyroid transcription factors, were subsequently identified to, almost, complete the puzzle. Among them, the transcription factors Glis3, Sox9 and the cofactor of the Hippo pathway Taz, have emerged as important players in thyroid differentiation and development. The involvement of signaling molecules increases the complexity of the puzzle. In this context, the importance of Bmps, Fgfs and Shh signaling at the onset of development, and of TSH, IGF1 and TGFβ both at the end of terminal differentiation in embryos and in the adult thyroid, are well recognized. All of these aspects are covered herein. Thus, readers will be able to visualize the puzzle of thyroid differentiation with most - if not all - of the pieces in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arístides López-Márquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) y Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada en Enfermedades Neuromusculares, Unidad de Patología Neuromuscular, Servicio de Neuropediatría, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Carlos Carrasco-López
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) y Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Fernández-Méndez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) y Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Santisteban
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) y Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Pilar Santisteban,
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12
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Abstract
Background: GLIS3 (GLI-Similar protein 3) is a transcription factor involved in several cellular processes. Homozygous mutations in the GLIS3 gene have been typically associated with neonatal diabetes and congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in a syndrome called NDH. NDH patients present developmental abnormalities including endocrine pancreas defects and a spectrum of thyroid abnormalities, mainly including thyroid dysgenesis (TD). The mouse models revealed a key role of Glis3 in pancreatic islets but not in early thyroid development, as Glis3 was described to retain a role in regulating thyroid hormone synthesis downstream the thyrotropin (TSH)/TSHR signaling pathway and in postnatal follicle proliferation. Hence, in this study, we have been taking advantage of the zebrafish model to gain insights on the Glis3 activity during thyroid organogenesis. Methods: Transient glis3-knockdown zebrafish embryos (called glis3 morphants) were generated by the microinjection of specific glis3 morpholinos at one- to two-cell stage to analyze the thyroid phenotype in vivo. Several additional analyses (in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and pharmacological treatments) were performed for further molecular characterization. Results: The analysis of thyroid embryonic development revealed that Glis3 is involved in early steps of thyroid specification. glis3 morphants exhibited a reduced expression of the early transcription factors nkx2.4 and pax2a at the thyroid primordium level, which is not caused by changes in proliferation or apoptosis of the pharyngeal endoderm. As a result, the differentiated thyroid tissue in morphants appeared reduced in size with decreased expression of tg and slc5a5, a low number of thyroxine (T4)-producing follicles, associated with an elevation of tshba (homologous of the human TSHβ), thus resembling the clinical and biochemical manifestations of patients with TD. Interestingly, glis3 morphants have pancreatic β-cell defects, but not liver defects. In vitro and in vivo data also demonstrated that Glis3 is an effector of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway. Molecular and pharmacological inhibition of SHH reproduced the thyroid defects observed in glis3 morphant. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that glis3, within the SHH pathway, appears to determine the number of endodermal cells committed to a thyroid fate. This is the first evidence of the involvement of Glis3 in TD, thereby expanding the understanding of the genetic basis of thyroid development and CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Rurale
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Marelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Duminuco
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Persani
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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13
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Ikonomou L, Herriges MJ, Lewandowski SL, Marsland R, Villacorta-Martin C, Caballero IS, Frank DB, Sanghrajka RM, Dame K, Kańduła MM, Hicks-Berthet J, Lawton ML, Christodoulou C, Fabian AJ, Kolaczyk E, Varelas X, Morrisey EE, Shannon JM, Mehta P, Kotton DN. The in vivo genetic program of murine primordial lung epithelial progenitors. Nat Commun 2020; 11:635. [PMID: 32005814 PMCID: PMC6994558 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent Nkx2-1-positive lung epithelial primordial progenitors of the foregut endoderm are thought to be the developmental precursors to all adult lung epithelial lineages. However, little is known about the global transcriptomic programs or gene networks that regulate these gateway progenitors in vivo. Here we use bulk RNA-sequencing to describe the unique genetic program of in vivo murine lung primordial progenitors and computationally identify signaling pathways, such as Wnt and Tgf-β superfamily pathways, that are involved in their cell-fate determination from pre-specified embryonic foregut. We integrate this information in computational models to generate in vitro engineered lung primordial progenitors from mouse pluripotent stem cells, improving the fidelity of the resulting cells through unbiased, easy-to-interpret similarity scores and modulation of cell culture conditions, including substratum elastic modulus and extracellular matrix composition. The methodology proposed here can have wide applicability to the in vitro derivation of bona fide tissue progenitors of all germ layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laertis Ikonomou
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Michael J Herriges
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Sara L Lewandowski
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Robert Marsland
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Carlos Villacorta-Martin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Ignacio S Caballero
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - David B Frank
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Reeti M Sanghrajka
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Keri Dame
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Maciej M Kańduła
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Chair of Bioinformatics Research Group, Boku University, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Hicks-Berthet
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Matthew L Lawton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Constantina Christodoulou
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | | | - Eric Kolaczyk
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - John M Shannon
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Pankaj Mehta
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Darrell N Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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14
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Guerriero I, De Angelis MT, D'Angelo F, Leveque R, Savignano E, Roberto L, Lucci V, Mazzone P, Laurino S, Storto G, Nardelli A, Sgambato A, Ceccarelli M, De Felice M, Amendola E, Falco G. Exploring the Molecular Crosstalk between Pancreatic Bud and Mesenchyme in Embryogenesis: Novel Signals Involved. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194900. [PMID: 31623299 PMCID: PMC6811752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic organogenesis is a multistep process that requires the cooperation of several signaling pathways. In this context, the role of pancreatic mesenchyme is important to define the epithelium development; nevertheless, the precise space–temporal signaling activation still needs to be clarified. This study reports a dissection of the pancreatic embryogenesis, highlighting the molecular network surrounding the epithelium–mesenchyme interaction. To investigate this crosstalk, pancreatic epithelium and surrounding mesenchyme, at embryonic day 10.5, were collected through laser capture microdissection (LCM) and characterized based on their global gene expression. We performed a bioinformatic analysis to hypothesize crosstalk interactions, validating the most promising genes and verifying the precise localization of their expression in the compartments, by RNA in situ hybridization (ISH). Our analyses pointed out also the c-Met gene, a very well-known factor involved in stimulating motility, morphogenesis, and organ regeneration. We also highlighted the potential crosstalk between Versican (Vcan) and Syndecan4 (Sdc4) since these genes are involved in pancreatic tissue repair, strengthening the concept that the same signaling pathways required during pancreatic embryogenesis are also involved in tissue repair. This finding leads to novel strategies for obtaining functional pancreatic stem cells for cell replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Guerriero
- Istituto di RicercheGenetiche G. Salvatore, Biogems.c.ar.l, ArianoIrpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa De Angelis
- Istituto di RicercheGenetiche G. Salvatore, Biogems.c.ar.l, ArianoIrpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy.
| | - Fulvio D'Angelo
- Istituto di RicercheGenetiche G. Salvatore, Biogems.c.ar.l, ArianoIrpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy.
| | - Rita Leveque
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' degliStudi di Napoli, Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Savignano
- Istituto di RicercheGenetiche G. Salvatore, Biogems.c.ar.l, ArianoIrpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy.
| | - Luca Roberto
- Istituto di RicercheGenetiche G. Salvatore, Biogems.c.ar.l, ArianoIrpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy.
| | - Valeria Lucci
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' degliStudi di Napoli, Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Pellegrino Mazzone
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' degliStudi di Napoli, Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Simona Laurino
- IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy.
| | - Giovanni Storto
- IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy.
| | - Anna Nardelli
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, Via De Amicis No. 95, 80145 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy.
| | - Michele Ceccarelli
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - Mario De Felice
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'OncologiaSperimentale "G. Salvatore", CNR, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Elena Amendola
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' degliStudi di Napoli, Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'OncologiaSperimentale "G. Salvatore", CNR, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Geppino Falco
- Istituto di RicercheGenetiche G. Salvatore, Biogems.c.ar.l, ArianoIrpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' degliStudi di Napoli, Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
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15
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Credendino SC, Bellone ML, Lewin N, Amendola E, Sanges R, Basu S, Sepe R, Decaussin-Petrucci M, Tinto N, Fusco A, De Felice M, De Vita G. A ceRNA Circuitry Involving the Long Noncoding RNA Klhl14-AS, Pax8, and Bcl2 Drives Thyroid Carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5746-5757. [PMID: 31558562 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Klhl14-AS is a long noncoding RNA expressed since early specification of thyroid bud and is the most enriched gene in the mouse thyroid primordium at E10.5. Here, we studied its involvement in thyroid carcinogenesis by analyzing its expression in cancer tissues and different models of neoplastic transformation. Compared with normal thyroid tissue and cells, Klhl14-AS was significantly downregulated in human thyroid carcinoma tissue specimens, particularly the anaplastic histotype, thyroid cancer cell lines, and rodent models of thyroid cancer. Downregulating the expression of Klhl14-AS in normal thyroid cells decreased the expression of thyroid differentiation markers and cell death and increased cell viability. These effects were mediated by the binding of Klhl14-AS to two miRNAs, Mir182-5p and Mir20a-5p, which silenced Pax8 and Bcl2, both essential players of thyroid differentiation. MIR182-5p and MIR20a-5p were upregulated in human thyroid cancer and thyroid cancer experimental models and their effects on Pax8 and Bcl2 were rescued by Klhl14-AS overexpression, confirming Klhl14-AS as a ceRNA for both Pax8 and Bcl2. This work connects deregulation of differentiation with increased proliferation and survival in thyroid neoplastic cells and highlights a novel ceRNA circuitry involving key regulators of thyroid physiology. SIGNIFICANCE: This study describes a new ceRNA with potential tumor suppression activity and helps us better understand the regulatory mechanisms during thyroid differentiation and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Credendino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria L Bellone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicole Lewin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Amendola
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Remo Sanges
- Computational Genomics Laboratory, Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Swaraj Basu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Romina Sepe
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | | | - Nadia Tinto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario De Felice
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella De Vita
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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16
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Kraus P, Sivakamasundari V, Olsen V, Villeneuve V, Hinds A, Lufkin T. Klhl14 Antisense RNA is a Target of Key Skeletogenic Transcription Factors in the Developing Intervertebral Disc. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2019; 44:E260-E268. [PMID: 30086079 PMCID: PMC10426336 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000002827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN RNA in situ hybridization (RISH) allows for validation and characterization of the long noncoding (lnc) natural antisense RNA (NAT) Klhl14as in the embryonic murine intervertebral disc (IVD) in the context of loss-of-function mutants for key transcription factors (TFs) in axial skeleton development. OBJECTIVE Validation of Klhl14as in the developing murine IVD. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The IVD is a focus of regenerative medicine; however, processes and signaling cascades resulting in the different cell types in a mature IVD still require clarification in most animals including humans. Technological advances increasingly point to implications of lnc NATs in transcription/translation regulation. Transcriptome data generation and analysis identified a protein encoding transcript and related noncoding antisense transcript as downregulated in embryos devoid of key TFs during axial skeleton development. Here, primarily, the antisense transcript is analyzed in this loss-of-function context. METHODS 4930426D05Rik and 6330403N15Rik were identified as Klhl14as and sense, respectively, two transcripts downregulated in the vertebral column of midgestation Pax1 and Pax9 mutant mouse embryos. RISH on wildtype and mutant embryos for the TF encoding genes Pax1/Pax9, Sox5/Sox6/Sox9, and Bapx1 was used to further analyze Klhl14as in the developing IVD. RESULTS Klhl14as and Klhl14 were the top downregulated transcripts in Pax1; Pax9 E12.5 embryos. Our data demonstrate expression of Klhl14as and sense transcripts in the annulus fibrosus (AF) and notochord of the developing IVD. Klhl14as expression in the inner annulus fibrosus (iAF) seems dependent on the TFs Pax1/Pax9, Sox6, Sox9, and Bapx1. CONCLUSION We are the first to suggest a role for the lncRNA Klhl14as in the developing IVD. Our data link Klhl14as to a previously established gene regulatory network during axial skeleton development and contribute further evidence that lnc NATs are involved in crucial gene regulatory networks in eukaryotic cells. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kraus
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY
| | - V. Sivakamasundari
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | | | - Abbey Hinds
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY
| | - Thomas Lufkin
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY
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17
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A Toxicogenomic Approach Reveals a Novel Gene Regulatory Network Active in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Thyroid Carcinogenesis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16010122. [PMID: 30621213 PMCID: PMC6338918 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies emphasize the link between environmental chemicals exposure and thyroid cancer. However, this association is strongly debated and the mechanisms of action of environmental thyroid carcinogens still need to be identified. The analysis of in vitro transcriptomic data developed to investigate the effects of chlorpyrifos on immortalized thyrocytes highlighted the impaired expression of genes involved in endodermal carcinogenesis. This endodermal carcinogenic gene-network (ECGN, including Zfp36l2, Dmbt1, Ddit4), was validated in cellular and mouse models of thyroid carcinogenesis, characterized by the constitutive activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and in immortalized thyrocytes exposed to tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and chlorpyrifos (CPF). The mRNA levels of Zfp36l2, Dmbt1 and Ddit4 were increased in models characterized by MAPK activation or following TCDD exposure, whereas they were inhibited by CPF exposure. Overall, the ECGN transcripts identify a novel gene-regulatory network associated with thyroid carcinogenesis promoted by genetic mutation or by environmental carcinogens. The latter have opposite effects on the modulation of the ECGN transcripts according to their mechanisms of action in promoting carcinogenesis. Therefore, the analyses of ECGN might be helpful in discriminating compounds that promote cellular survival associated or not to proliferation of thyrocytes.
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18
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Trubiroha A, Gillotay P, Giusti N, Gacquer D, Libert F, Lefort A, Haerlingen B, De Deken X, Opitz R, Costagliola S. A Rapid CRISPR/Cas-based Mutagenesis Assay in Zebrafish for Identification of Genes Involved in Thyroid Morphogenesis and Function. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5647. [PMID: 29618800 PMCID: PMC5884836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The foregut endoderm gives rise to several organs including liver, pancreas, lung and thyroid with important roles in human physiology. Understanding which genes and signalling pathways regulate their development is crucial for understanding developmental disorders as well as diseases in adulthood. We exploited unique advantages of the zebrafish model to develop a rapid and scalable CRISPR/Cas-based mutagenesis strategy aiming at the identification of genes involved in morphogenesis and function of the thyroid. Core elements of the mutagenesis assay comprise bi-allelic gene invalidation in somatic mutants, a non-invasive monitoring of thyroid development in live transgenic fish, complementary analyses of thyroid function in fixed specimens and quantitative analyses of mutagenesis efficiency by Illumina sequencing of individual fish. We successfully validated our mutagenesis-phenotyping strategy in experiments targeting genes with known functions in early thyroid morphogenesis (pax2a, nkx2.4b) and thyroid functional differentiation (duox, duoxa, tshr). We also demonstrate that duox and duoxa crispants phenocopy thyroid phenotypes previously observed in human patients with bi-allelic DUOX2 and DUOXA2 mutations. The proposed combination of efficient mutagenesis protocols, rapid non-invasive phenotyping and sensitive genotyping holds great potential to systematically characterize the function of larger candidate gene panels during thyroid development and is applicable to other organs and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Trubiroha
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.,German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department Chemicals and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Gillotay
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - N Giusti
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Gacquer
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - F Libert
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Lefort
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Haerlingen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - X De Deken
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Opitz
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium. .,Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - S Costagliola
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.
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19
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Li X, Ruan X, Zhang P, Yu Y, Gao M, Yuan S, Zhao Z, Yang J, Zhao L. TBX3 promotes proliferation of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells through facilitating PRC2-mediated p57KIP2 repression. Oncogene 2018; 37:2773-2792. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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20
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Liang S, Johansson E, Barila G, Altschuler DL, Fagman H, Nilsson M. A branching morphogenesis program governs embryonic growth of the thyroid gland. Development 2018; 145:dev.146829. [PMID: 29361553 PMCID: PMC5825846 DOI: 10.1242/dev.146829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The developmental program that regulates thyroid progenitor cell proliferation is largely unknown. Here, we show that branching-like morphogenesis is a driving force to attain final size of the embryonic thyroid gland in mice. Sox9, a key factor in branching organ development, distinguishes Nkx2-1+ cells in the thyroid bud from the progenitors that originally form the thyroid placode in anterior endoderm. As lobes develop the thyroid primordial tissue branches several generations. Sox9 and Fgfr2b are co-expressed distally in the branching epithelium prior to folliculogenesis. The thyroid in Fgf10 null mutants has a normal shape but is severely hypoplastic. Absence of Fgf10 leads to defective branching and disorganized angiofollicular units although Sox9/Fgfr2b expression and the ability of cells to differentiate and form nascent follicles are not impaired. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism of thyroid development reminiscent of the Fgf10-Sox9 program that characterizes organogenesis in classical branching organs, and provide clues to aid understanding of how the endocrine thyroid gland once evolved from an exocrine ancestor present in the invertebrate endostyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Liang
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ellen Johansson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Guillermo Barila
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Daniel L Altschuler
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Henrik Fagman
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530, Göteborg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-41345, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530, Göteborg, Sweden
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21
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Serra M, Alysandratos KD, Hawkins F, McCauley KB, Jacob A, Choi J, Caballero IS, Vedaie M, Kurmann AA, Ikonomou L, Hollenberg AN, Shannon JM, Kotton DN. Pluripotent stem cell differentiation reveals distinct developmental pathways regulating lung- versus thyroid-lineage specification. Development 2017; 144:3879-3893. [PMID: 28947536 DOI: 10.1242/dev.150193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro-directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) through stimulation of developmental signaling pathways can generate mature somatic cell types for basic laboratory studies or regenerative therapies. However, there has been significant uncertainty regarding a method to separately derive lung versus thyroid epithelial lineages, as these two cell types each originate from Nkx2-1+ foregut progenitors and the minimal pathways claimed to regulate their distinct lineage specification in vivo or in vitro have varied in previous reports. Here, we employ PSCs to identify the key minimal signaling pathways (Wnt+BMP versus BMP+FGF) that regulate distinct lung- versus thyroid-lineage specification, respectively, from foregut endoderm. In contrast to most previous reports, these minimal pathways appear to be evolutionarily conserved between mice and humans, and FGF signaling, although required for thyroid specification, unexpectedly appears to be dispensable for lung specification. Once specified, distinct Nkx2-1+ lung or thyroid progenitor pools can now be independently derived for functional 3D culture maturation, basic developmental studies or future regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Serra
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Konstantinos-Dionysios Alysandratos
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Finn Hawkins
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Katherine B McCauley
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anjali Jacob
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jinyoung Choi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | - Ignacio S Caballero
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Marall Vedaie
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anita A Kurmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | - Laertis Ikonomou
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anthony N Hollenberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | - John M Shannon
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Darrell N Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA .,The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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22
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Abstract
Thyroid hormones are crucial for organismal development and homeostasis. In humans, untreated congenital hypothyroidism due to thyroid agenesis inevitably leads to cretinism, which comprises irreversible brain dysfunction and dwarfism. Elucidating how the thyroid gland - the only source of thyroid hormones in the body - develops is thus key for understanding and treating thyroid dysgenesis, and for generating thyroid cells in vitro that might be used for cell-based therapies. Here, we review the principal mechanisms involved in thyroid organogenesis and functional differentiation, highlighting how the thyroid forerunner evolved from the endostyle in protochordates to the endocrine gland found in vertebrates. New findings on the specification and fate decisions of thyroid progenitors, and the morphogenesis of precursor cells into hormone-producing follicular units, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg SE-40530, Sweden
| | - Henrik Fagman
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg SE-40530, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg SE-41345, Sweden
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23
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Tissue- and Cell Type-Specific Expression of the Long Noncoding RNA Klhl14-AS in Mouse. Int J Genomics 2017; 2017:9769171. [PMID: 29082235 PMCID: PMC5610845 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9769171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
lncRNAs are acquiring increasing relevance as regulators in a wide spectrum of biological processes. The extreme heterogeneity in the mechanisms of action of these molecules, however, makes them very difficult to study, especially regarding their molecular function. A novel lncRNA has been recently identified as the most enriched transcript in mouse developing thyroid. Due to its genomic localization antisense to the protein-encoding Klhl14 gene, we named it Klhl14-AS. In this paper, we highlight that mouse Klhl14-AS produces at least five splicing variants, some of which have not been previously described. Klhl14-AS is expressed with a peculiar pattern, characterized by diverse relative abundance of its isoforms in different mouse tissues. We examine the whole expression level of Klhl14-AS in a panel of adult mouse tissues, showing that it is expressed in the thyroid, lung, kidney, testis, ovary, brain, and spleen, although at different levels. In situ hybridization analysis reveals that, in the context of each organ, Klhl14-AS shows a cell type-specific expression. Interestingly, databases report a similar expression profile for human Klhl14-AS. Our observations suggest that this lncRNA could play cell type-specific roles in several organs and pave the way for functional characterization of this gene in appropriate biological contexts.
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24
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Abstract
Developmental anomalies of the thyroid gland, defined as thyroid dysgenesis, underlie the majority of cases of congenital hypothyroidism. Thyroid dysgenesis is predominantly a sporadic disorder although a reported familial enrichment, variation of incidence by ethnicity and the monogenic defects associated mainly with athyreosis or orthotopic thyroid hypoplasia, suggest a genetic contribution. Of note, the most common developmental anomaly, thyroid ectopy, remains unexplained. Ectopy may result from multiple genetic or epigenetic variants in the germline and/or at the somatic level. This review provides a brief overview of the monogenic defects in candidate genes that have been identified so far and of the syndromes which are known to be associated with thyroid dysgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Abu-Khudir
- Endocrinology Service and Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada; Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Stéphanie Larrivée-Vanier
- Endocrinology Service and Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Jonathan D Wasserman
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Johnny Deladoëy
- Endocrinology Service and Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada.
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25
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Dame K, Cincotta S, Lang AH, Sanghrajka RM, Zhang L, Choi J, Kwok L, Wilson T, Kańduła MM, Monti S, Hollenberg AN, Mehta P, Kotton DN, Ikonomou L. Thyroid Progenitors Are Robustly Derived from Embryonic Stem Cells through Transient, Developmental Stage-Specific Overexpression of Nkx2-1. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:216-225. [PMID: 28162994 PMCID: PMC5312259 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical importance of anterior foregut endoderm (AFE) derivatives, such as thyrocytes, has led to intense research efforts for their derivation through directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Here, we identify transient overexpression of the transcription factor (TF) NKX2-1 as a powerful inductive signal for the robust derivation of thyrocyte-like cells from mouse PSC-derived AFE. This effect is highly developmental stage specific and dependent on FOXA2 expression levels and precise modulation of BMP and FGF signaling. The majority of the resulting cells express thyroid TFs (Nkx2-1, Pax8, Foxe1, Hhex) and thyroid hormone synthesis-related genes (Tg, Tpo, Nis, Iyd) at levels similar to adult mouse thyroid and give rise to functional follicle-like epithelial structures in Matrigel culture. Our findings demonstrate that NKX2-1 overexpression converts AFE to thyroid epithelium in a developmental time-sensitive manner and suggest a general methodology for manipulation of cell-fate decisions of developmental intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri Dame
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor CReM, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Steven Cincotta
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor CReM, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Alex H Lang
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Reeti M Sanghrajka
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor CReM, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Liye Zhang
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jinyoung Choi
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor CReM, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Letty Kwok
- The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Talitha Wilson
- The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Maciej M Kańduła
- Chair of Bioinformatics Research Group, Boku University, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefano Monti
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anthony N Hollenberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Pankaj Mehta
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Darrell N Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor CReM, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Laertis Ikonomou
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University, 670 Albany Street, 2nd Floor CReM, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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26
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Arauchi A, Matsuura K, Shimizu T, Okano T. Functional Thyroid Follicular Cells Differentiation from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Suspension Culture. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:103. [PMID: 28588551 PMCID: PMC5439004 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The replacement of regenerated thyroid follicular cells (TFCs) is a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with hypothyroidism. Here, we have succeeded in inducing functional TFCs from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in scalable suspension culture. Differentiation of iPSCs with Activin A treatment produced Sox17- and FoxA2-expressing definitive endodermal cells that also expressed thyroid transcription factors Pax8 and Nkx2-1. Further treatment with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) induced TFCs expressing various types of thyroid proteins including TSH receptor, sodium-iodide symporter, thyroglobulin, and thyroid peroxidase. Interestingly, differentiated cells secreted free thyroxine in vitro. These results indicate successful differentiation of human iPSCs to functional TFCs that may enable us to fabricate thyroid tissues for regenerative medicine and disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Arauchi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Matsuura
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Katsuhisa Matsuura,
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Porreca I, D’Angelo F, De Franceschi L, Mattè A, Ceccarelli M, Iolascon A, Zamò A, Russo F, Ravo M, Tarallo R, Scarfò M, Weisz A, De Felice M, Mallardo M, Ambrosino C. Pesticide toxicogenomics across scales: in vitro transcriptome predicts mechanisms and outcomes of exposure in vivo. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38131. [PMID: 27905518 PMCID: PMC5131489 DOI: 10.1038/srep38131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro Omics analysis (i.e. transcriptome) is suggested to predict in vivo toxicity and adverse effects in humans, although the causal link between high-throughput data and effects in vivo is not easily established. Indeed, the chemical-organism interaction can involve processes, such as adaptation, not established in cell cultures. Starting from this consideration we investigate the transcriptomic response of immortalized thyrocytes to ethylenthiourea and chlorpyrifos. In vitro data revealed specific and common genes/mechanisms of toxicity, controlling the proliferation/survival of the thyrocytes and unrelated hematopoietic cell lineages. These results were phenotypically confirmed in vivo by the reduction of circulating T4 hormone and the development of pancytopenia after long exposure. Our data imply that in vitro toxicogenomics is a powerful tool in predicting adverse effects in vivo, experimentally confirming the vision described as Tox21c (Toxicity Testing in the 21st century) although not fully recapitulating the biocomplexity of a living animal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fulvio D’Angelo
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, 83031, Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Lucia De Franceschi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona-AOUI Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, P.Le L. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mattè
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona-AOUI Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, P.Le L. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Ceccarelli
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via Port’Arsa 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II Napoli, Italy
| | - Alberto Zamò
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona-AOUI Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, P.Le L. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Filomena Russo
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, 83031, Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Maria Ravo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Schola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Roberta Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Schola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Marzia Scarfò
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, 83031, Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Schola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Mallardo
- Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II Napoli, Italy
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, 83031, Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via Port’Arsa 11, 82100, Benevento, Italy
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Nilsson M, Williams D. On the Origin of Cells and Derivation of Thyroid Cancer: C Cell Story Revisited. Eur Thyroid J 2016; 5:79-93. [PMID: 27493881 PMCID: PMC4949372 DOI: 10.1159/000447333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We will highlight and put into perspective new lineage tracing data from genetic studies in mice indicating that the genuine progenitors to C cells arise in the endoderm germ layer. This overturns the current concept of a neural crest origin of thyroid C cells referred to in every textbook and dedicated paper to this very day. As will become apparent, except for a single experiment, the neural crest theory has little or no support when the evolution and development of calcitonin-producing cells in the entire chordate family are considered. Instead, a unifying origin of all cells of the ultimobranchial bodies reopens questions on the histogenesis of certain thyroid pathologies previously difficult to explain. On this aspect, medullary thyroid cancer shows a stronger connection to gut neuroendocrine tumours than previously recognized. It is envisaged that novel factors implicated in C cell-derived tumour growth and progression will be discovered as the mechanisms that regulate lineage expansion of embryonic C cell precursors from pharyngeal endoderm are uncovered. We will not discuss why C cells go to the bother of burying themselves in the thyroid - this remains a mystery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- *Mikael Nilsson, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 425, SE-40530 Gothenburg (Sweden), E-Mail
| | - Dillwyn Williams
- Department of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Johansson E, Andersson L, Örnros J, Carlsson T, Ingeson-Carlsson C, Liang S, Dahlberg J, Jansson S, Parrillo L, Zoppoli P, Barila GO, Altschuler DL, Padula D, Lickert H, Fagman H, Nilsson M. Revising the embryonic origin of thyroid C cells in mice and humans. Development 2015; 142:3519-28. [PMID: 26395490 PMCID: PMC4631767 DOI: 10.1242/dev.126581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Current understanding infers a neural crest origin of thyroid C cells, the major source of calcitonin in mammals and ancestors to neuroendocrine thyroid tumors. The concept is primarily based on investigations in quail–chick chimeras involving fate mapping of neural crest cells to the ultimobranchial glands that regulate Ca2+ homeostasis in birds, reptiles, amphibians and fishes, but whether mammalian C cell development involves a homologous ontogenetic trajectory has not been experimentally verified. With lineage tracing, we now provide direct evidence that Sox17+ anterior endoderm is the only source of differentiated C cells and their progenitors in mice. Like many gut endoderm derivatives, embryonic C cells were found to coexpress pioneer factors forkhead box (Fox) a1 and Foxa2 before neuroendocrine differentiation takes place. In the ultimobranchial body epithelium emerging from pharyngeal pouch endoderm in early organogenesis, differential Foxa1/Foxa2 expression distinguished two spatially separated pools of C cell precursors with different growth properties. A similar expression pattern was recapitulated in medullary thyroid carcinoma cells in vivo, consistent with a growth-promoting role of Foxa1. In contrast to embryonic precursor cells, C cell-derived tumor cells invading the stromal compartment downregulated Foxa2, foregoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition designated by loss of E-cadherin; both Foxa2 and E-cadherin were re-expressed at metastatic sites. These findings revise mammalian C cell ontogeny, expand the neuroendocrine repertoire of endoderm and redefine the boundaries of neural crest diversification. The data further underpin distinct functions of Foxa1 and Foxa2 in both embryonic and tumor development. Highlighted article: Mouse thyroid C cell precursors arise in foregut endoderm, and not the neural crest, disproving the current concept of a neural crest origin of thyroid neuroendocrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Johansson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg SE-40530, Sweden
| | - Louise Andersson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg SE-40530, Sweden
| | - Jessica Örnros
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg SE-40530, Sweden
| | - Therese Carlsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg SE-40530, Sweden
| | - Camilla Ingeson-Carlsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg SE-40530, Sweden
| | - Shawn Liang
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg SE-40530, Sweden
| | - Jakob Dahlberg
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, SE-41345, Sweden
| | - Svante Jansson
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, SE-41345, Sweden
| | | | - Pietro Zoppoli
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, 1130 St Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Guillermo O Barila
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Daniel L Altschuler
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Daniela Padula
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmgH, Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, Munich 85764, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmgH, Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, Munich 85764, Germany
| | - Henrik Fagman
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, SE-41345, Sweden
| | - Mikael Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg SE-40530, Sweden
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30
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Rankin SA, Zorn AM. Gene regulatory networks governing lung specification. J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:1343-50. [PMID: 24644080 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial lining of the respiratory system originates from a small group of progenitor cells in the ventral foregut endoderm of the early embryo. Research in the last decade has revealed a number of paracrine signaling pathways that are critical for the development of these respiratory progenitors. In the post-genomic era the challenge now is to figure out at the genome wide level how these different signaling pathways and their downstream transcription factors interact in a complex "gene regulatory network" (GRN) to orchestrate early lung development. In this prospective, we review our growing understanding of the GRN governing lung specification. We discuss key gaps in our knowledge and describe emerging opportunities that will soon provide an unprecedented understanding of lung development and accelerate our ability to apply this knowledge to regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Rankin
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229
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Fujita S, Masago K, Takeshita J, Togashi Y, Hata A, Kaji R, Kokubo M, Katakami N. Multiple primary malignancies in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Intern Med 2015; 54:325-31. [PMID: 25748742 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.54.2921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Information regarding multiple primary malignancies is important, as it has the potential to clarify etiological factors and may indicate the need to refine patient follow-up to include screening for associated malignancies. Upper aerodigestive tract cancer often develops in patients with smoking-related lung cancer; however, little is known about the frequencies or types of other primary malignancies in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without a history of smoking. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the records of patients examined and/or treated for NSCLC at the Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation between January 2007 and June 2012. Patients In total, 938 patients, including 599 men (never-smoker/ever-smoker: 35/564) and 339 women (never-smoker/ever-smoker: 236/103), were analyzed. RESULTS Among the 209 patients (22.3%) with multiple primary malignancies, 151 had a history of smoking and 58 were never-smokers. The most common cancers were gastric (43 cases), colorectal (33 cases), and prostate (29 cases) cancer. Smoking-related cancer was more common in current smokers and ex-smokers for both men and women. Among women with NSCLC, never-smokers were more likely to have thyroid cancer than those with a history of smoking (5.1% vs. 0%, p=0.021). CONCLUSION In this study, several differences in malignancies were observed between never-smokers and patients with a history of smoking. Thyroid cancer and NSCLC co-existed in some women without a history of smoking, implicating predisposing factors other than tobacco smoke in the onset of these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Fujita
- Division of Integrated Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Japan
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Fernández LP, López-Márquez A, Santisteban P. Thyroid transcription factors in development, differentiation and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2015; 11:29-42. [PMID: 25350068 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2014.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the thyroid transcription factors (TTFs), NKX2-1, FOXE1, PAX8 and HHEX, has considerably advanced our understanding of thyroid development, congenital thyroid disorders and thyroid cancer. The TTFs are fundamental to proper formation of the thyroid gland and for maintaining the functional differentiated state of the adult thyroid; however, they are not individually required for precursor cell commitment to a thyroid fate. Although knowledge of the mechanisms involved in thyroid development has increased, the full complement of genes involved in thyroid gland specification and the signals that trigger expression of the genes that encode the TTFs remain unknown. The mechanisms involved in thyroid organogenesis and differentiation have provided clues to identifying the genes that are involved in human congenital thyroid disorders and thyroid cancer. Mutations in the genes that encode the TTFs, as well as polymorphisms and epigenetic modifications, have been associated with thyroid pathologies. Here, we summarize the roles of the TTFs in thyroid development and the mechanisms by which they regulate expression of the genes involved in thyroid differentiation. We also address the implications of mutations in TTFs in thyroid diseases and in diseases not related to the thyroid gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara P Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Arístides López-Márquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Pilar Santisteban
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
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Fiory F, Parrillo L, Raciti GA, Zatterale F, Nigro C, Mirra P, Falco R, Ulianich L, Di Jeso B, Formisano P, Miele C, Beguinot F. PED/PEA-15 inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in Ins-1E pancreatic beta-cells via PLD-1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113655. [PMID: 25489735 PMCID: PMC4260953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The small scaffold protein PED/PEA-15 is involved in several different physiologic and pathologic processes, such as cell proliferation and survival, diabetes and cancer. PED/PEA-15 exerts an anti-apoptotic function due to its ability to interfere with both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in different cell types. Recent evidence shows that mice overexpressing PED/PEA-15 present larger pancreatic islets and increased beta-cells mass. In the present work we investigated PED/PEA-15 role in hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in Ins-1E beta-cells. In pancreatic islets isolated from TgPED/PEA-15 mice hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA fragmentation was lower compared to WT islets. TUNEL analysis showed that PED/PEA-15 overexpression increases the viability of Ins-1E beta-cells and enhances their resistance to apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide exposure. The activity of caspase-3 and the cleavage of PARP-1 were markedly reduced in Ins-1E cells overexpressing PED/PEA-15 (Ins-1EPED/PEA-15). In parallel, we observed a decrease of the mRNA levels of pro-apoptotic genes Bcl-xS and Bad. In contrast, the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-xL was enhanced. Accordingly, DNA fragmentation was higher in control cells compared to Ins-1EPED/PEA-15 cells. Interestingly, the preincubation with propranolol, an inhibitor of the pathway of PLD-1, a known interactor of PED/PEA-15, responsible for its deleterious effects on glucose tolerance, abolishes the antiapoptotic effects of PED/PEA-15 overexpression in Ins-1E beta-cells. The same results have been obtained by inhibiting PED/PEA-15 interaction with PLD-1 in Ins-1EPED/PEA-15. These results show that PED/PEA-15 overexpression is sufficient to block hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in Ins-1E cells through a PLD-1 mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fiory
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Traslazionali dell'Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- URT dell'Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale Gaetano Salvatore, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Parrillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Traslazionali dell'Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- URT dell'Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale Gaetano Salvatore, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Gregory Alexander Raciti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Traslazionali dell'Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- URT dell'Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale Gaetano Salvatore, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Zatterale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Traslazionali dell'Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- URT dell'Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale Gaetano Salvatore, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Cecilia Nigro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Traslazionali dell'Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- URT dell'Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale Gaetano Salvatore, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Mirra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Traslazionali dell'Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- URT dell'Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale Gaetano Salvatore, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Falco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Traslazionali dell'Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- URT dell'Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale Gaetano Salvatore, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Ulianich
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Traslazionali dell'Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- URT dell'Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale Gaetano Salvatore, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Di Jeso
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Traslazionali dell'Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- URT dell'Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale Gaetano Salvatore, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Traslazionali dell'Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- URT dell'Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale Gaetano Salvatore, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: (CM); (FB)
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Traslazionali dell'Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- URT dell'Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale Gaetano Salvatore, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: (CM); (FB)
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De Angelis MT, Russo F, D'Angelo F, Federico A, Gemei M, Del Vecchio L, Ceccarelli M, De Felice M, Falco G. Novel pancreas organogenesis markers refine the pancreatic differentiation roadmap of embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 10:269-79. [PMID: 24390927 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-013-9489-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The generation of pancreatic endocrine and exocrine functional precursors from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is an intriguing opportunity to address cell therapy challenges. The main goal of cellular regeneration is to derive, in vitro, pancreatic progenitor cells (PPCs) that retain the capacity to differentiate following the in vivo developmental ontogeny. In our work, we aim to refine the pancreatic in vitro cellular transitions, through the identification of the intrinsic factors that mark the pancreas budding process at embryonic stage 10.5 (E10.5), in which pancreas precursor specification predominantly occurs. We identified a cohort of genes (Bex1, Nepn, Pcbd1, Prdxdd1, Rnf160, Slc2a1, and Tff3) that marked the pancreas budding genesis, and above all signaled ESC differentiation transitions during pancreatic lineage commitment. Noticeably, we demonstrated that the expression of Nepn marked a naïve pancreatic cellular state that resembled PPC-like specification. Our data considerably improve the comprehension of pancreatic cellular ontogeny, which could be critical for implementing pluripotent stem cells programming and reprogramming toward pancreatic lineage commitment.
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Marotta P, Amendola E, Scarfò M, De Luca P, Zoppoli P, Amoresano A, De Felice M, Di Lauro R. The paired box transcription factor Pax8 is essential for function and survival of adult thyroid cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 396:26-36. [PMID: 25127920 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Pax8 is already known to be essential at very early stages of mouse thyroid gland development, before the onset of thyroid hormone production. In this paper we show, using a conditional inactivation strategy, that the removal of the Pax8 protein late in gland development results in severe hypothyroidism, consequent to a reduced gland size and a deranged differentiation. These results demonstrate that Pax8 is also an essential player in controlling survival and differentiation of adult thyroid follicular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pina Marotta
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy
| | - Elena Amendola
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy
| | - Marzia Scarfò
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Luca
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy
| | - Pietro Zoppoli
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mario De Felice
- IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino, 83031 Avellino, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Roberto Di Lauro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells have been shown to recapitulate normal developmental stages. They are therefore a highly useful tool in the study of developmental biology. Profiling of ES cell-derived cells has yielded important information about the characteristics of differentiated cells, and allowed the identification of novel marker genes and pathways of differentiation. In this review, we focus on recent results from profiling studies of mouse embryos, human islets, and human ES cell-derived differentiated cells from several research groups. Global gene expression data from mouse embryos have been used to identify novel genes or pathways involved in the developmental process, and to search for transcription factors that regulate direct reprogramming. We introduce gene expression databases of human pancreas cells (Beta Cell Gene Atlas, EuroDia database), and summarize profiling studies of islet- or human ES cell-derived pancreatic cells, with a focus on gene expression, microRNAs, epigenetics, and protein expression. Then, we describe our gene expression profile analyses and our search for novel endoderm, or pancreatic, progenitor marker genes. We differentiated mouse ES cells into mesendoderm, definitive endoderm (DE), mesoderm, ectoderm, and Pdx1-expressing pancreatic lineages, and performed DNA microarray analyses. Genes specifically expressed in DE, and/or in Pdx1-expressing cells, were extracted and their expression patterns in normal embryonic development were studied by in situ hybridization. Out of 54 genes examined, 27 were expressed in the DE of E8.5 mouse embryos, and 15 genes were expressed in distinct domains in the pancreatic buds of E14.5 mouse embryos. Akr1c19, Aebp2, Pbxip1, and Creb3l1 were all novel, and none has been described as being expressed, either in the DE, or in the pancreas. By introducing the profiling results of ES cell-derived cells, the benefits of using ES cells to study early embryonic development will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Shiraki
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Honjo 2-2-1, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ogaki
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Honjo 2-2-1, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Shoen Kume
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Honjo 2-2-1, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
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Carré A, Hamza RT, Kariyawasam D, Guillot L, Teissier R, Tron E, Castanet M, Dupuy C, El Kholy M, Polak M. A novel FOXE1 mutation (R73S) in Bamforth-Lazarus syndrome causing increased thyroidal gene expression. Thyroid 2014; 24:649-54. [PMID: 24219130 PMCID: PMC3993030 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2013.0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homozygous loss-of-function mutations in the FOXE1 gene have been reported in several patients with partial or complete Bamforth-Lazarus syndrome: congenital hypothyroidism (CH) with thyroid dysgenesis (usually athyreosis), cleft palate, spiky hair, with or without choanal atresia, and bifid epiglottis. Here, our objective was to evaluate potential functional consequences of a FOXE1 mutation in a patient with a similar clinical phenotype. METHODS FOXE1 was sequenced in eight patients with thyroid dysgenesis and cleft palate. Transient transfection was performed in HEK293 cells using the thyroglobulin (TG) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) promoters in luciferase reporter plasmids to assess the functional impact of the FOXE1 mutations. Primary human thyrocytes transfected with wild type and mutant FOXE1 served to assess the impact of the mutation on endogenous TG and TPO expression. RESULTS We identified and characterized the function of a new homozygous FOXE1 missense mutation (p.R73S) in a boy with a typical phenotype (athyreosis, cleft palate, and partial choanal atresia). This new mutation located within the forkhead domain was inherited from the heterozygous healthy consanguineous parents. In vitro functional studies in HEK293 cells showed that this mutant gene enhanced the activity of the TG and TPO gene promoters (1.5-fold and 1.7-fold respectively vs. wild type FOXE1; p<0.05), unlike the five mutations previously reported in Bamforth-Lazarus syndrome. The gain-of-function effect of the FOXE1-p.R73S mutant gene was confirmed by an increase in endogenous TG production in primary human thyrocytes. CONCLUSION We identified a new homozygous FOXE1 mutation responsible for enhanced expression of the TG and TPO genes in a boy whose phenotype is similar to that reported previously in patients with loss-of-function FOXE1 mutations. This finding further delineates the role for FOXE1 in both thyroid and palate development, and shows that enhanced gene activity should be considered among the mechanisms underlying Bamforth-Lazarus syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Carré
- Research Center for Growth and Signaling (INSERM U845), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Genetic Stability and Oncogenesis, (UMR8200), National Center for Scientic Research (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- IMAGINE affiliate, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Rasha T. Hamza
- Pediatrics Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dulanjalee Kariyawasam
- Research Center for Growth and Signaling (INSERM U845), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Guillot
- Saint-Antonie Research Center (INSERM UMRS 938), Saint-Antonie Hospital, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Teissier
- Research Center for Growth and Signaling (INSERM U845), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Tron
- Research Center for Growth and Signaling (INSERM U845), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mireille Castanet
- Research Center for Growth and Signaling (INSERM U845), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Pediatrics Department, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôpitaux de Rouen, Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Dupuy
- Laboratory of Genetic Stability and Oncogenesis, (UMR8200), National Center for Scientic Research (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Michel Polak
- Research Center for Growth and Signaling (INSERM U845), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- IMAGINE affiliate, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases of Growth, Hôpital Necker—Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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Generation of multiciliated cells in functional airway epithelia from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E1723-30. [PMID: 24706852 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1403470111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite therapeutic advancement, pulmonary disease still remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Opportunities to study human lung disease either in vivo or in vitro are currently limited. Using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), we generated mature multiciliated cells in a functional airway epithelium. Robust multiciliogenesis occurred when notch signaling was inhibited and was confirmed by (i) the assembly of multiple pericentrin-stained centrioles at the apical surface, (ii) expression of transcription factor forkhead box protein J1, and (iii) presence of multiple acetylated tubulin-labeled cilia projections in individual cells. Clara, goblet, and basal cells were all present, confirming the generation of a complete polarized epithelial-cell layer. Additionally, cAMP-activated and cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator inhibitor 172-sensitive cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator currents were recorded in isolated epithelial cells. Our report demonstrating the generation of mature multiciliated cells in respiratory epithelium from iPSCs is a significant advance toward modeling a number of human respiratory diseases in vitro.
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Brafman DA, Moya N, Allen-Soltero S, Fellner T, Robinson M, McMillen ZL, Gaasterland T, Willert K. Analysis of SOX2-expressing cell populations derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2013; 1:464-78. [PMID: 24286033 PMCID: PMC3841266 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
SOX2 is involved in several cell and developmental processes, including maintenance of embryonic stem cells, differentiation of neural progenitor cells, and patterning of gut endoderm. To study its role in a human system, we generated a human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line harboring a reporter gene encoding GFP in the SOX2 locus. This SOX2 reporter line faithfully recapitulates expression of the SOX2 gene in undifferentiated human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), neural progenitor cells (NPCs), and anterior foregut endoderm (AFE). In undifferentiated hESCs, GFP expression corresponds to those cells with highest levels of expression of genes associated with the pluripotent state. In NPCs, expression of GFP can be employed to isolate cells expressing markers associated with NPC multipotency. In AFE, we used transcriptome-wide expression analysis to identify cell surface markers with elevated expression in this population, thereby facilitating isolation and purification of this hPSC-derived cell population. A SOX2-GFP hESC line is used to isolate and characterize multiple cell types A cell surface marker signature allows for the purification of endodermal progeny Targeted gene insertion with adeno-associated virus (AAV) is highly efficient
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Brafman
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0695, USA
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Pax8 has a critical role in epithelial cell survival and proliferation. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e729. [PMID: 23868062 PMCID: PMC3730432 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Pax8, a member of the Paired-box gene family, is a critical regulator required for proper development and differentiation of thyroid follicular cells. Despite being Pax8 well characterized with respect to its role in regulating genes responsible for thyroid differentiation, its involvement in cell survival and proliferation has been hypothesized but remains unclear. Here, we show that Pax8 overexpression significantly increases proliferation and colony-forming efficiency of Fischer rat thyroid line 5 epithelial cells, although it is not sufficient to overcome their hormone dependence. More interestingly, we show that Pax8-specific silencing induces apoptosis through a p53-dependent pathway that involves caspase-3 activation and cleavage of poly(ADP)ribose polymerase. Our data indicate that tumor protein 53 induced nuclear protein 1 (tp53inp1), a positive regulator of p53-dependent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, is a transcriptional target of Pax8 and is upregulated by Pax8 knockdown. Remarkably, tp53inp1 silencing significantly abolishes Pax8-induced apoptosis thus suggesting that tp53inp1 may be the mediator of the observed effects. In conclusion, our data highlight that Pax8 is required for the survival of differentiated epithelial cells and its expression levels are able to modulate the proliferation rate of such cells.
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di Gennaro A, Spadaro O, Baratta MG, De Felice M, Di Lauro R. Functional analysis of the murine Pax8 promoter reveals autoregulation and the presence of a novel thyroid-specific DNA-binding activity. Thyroid 2013; 23:488-96. [PMID: 23078112 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2012.0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organogenesis of the thyroid gland requires the Pax8 protein. Absence or reduction of Pax8 results in congenital hypothyroidism in animal models and humans, respectively. This study aims at elucidating the regulatory mechanism leading to the expression of Pax8 in thyroid cells. METHODS The murine Pax8 gene promoter was functionally dissected by mutagenesis and transfection in the thyroid cell line FRTL-5. Nuclear factors important for thyroid-specific gene expression were identified by DNA-binding assays. RESULTS We show that Pax8 binds to and controls the expression of its own promoter. Furthermore, we identify a novel, thyroid-specific, DNA-binding activity (denominated nTTF [for novel Thyroid Transcription Factor]) that recognizes a specific region of the Pax8 promoter. CONCLUSIONS The Pax8 promoter appears to be autoregulated, a feature that might be responsible for the haploinsufficiency displayed by this gene.
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Nilsson M, Fagman H. Mechanisms of thyroid development and dysgenesis: an analysis based on developmental stages and concurrent embryonic anatomy. Curr Top Dev Biol 2013; 106:123-70. [PMID: 24290349 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416021-7.00004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid dysgenesis is the most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism that affects 1 in 3000 newborns. Although a number of pathogenetic mutations in thyroid developmental genes have been identified, the molecular mechanism of disease is unknown in most cases. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge of normal thyroid development and puts the different developmental stages in perspective, from the time of foregut endoderm patterning to the final shaping of pharyngeal anatomy, for understanding how specific malformations may arise. At the cellular level, we will also discuss fate determination of follicular and C-cell progenitors and their subsequent embryonic growth, migration, and differentiation as the different thyroid primordia evolve and merge to establish the final size and shape of the gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Porazzi P, Marelli F, Benato F, de Filippis T, Calebiro D, Argenton F, Tiso N, Persani L. Disruptions of global and JAGGED1-mediated notch signaling affect thyroid morphogenesis in the zebrafish. Endocrinology 2012; 153:5645-58. [PMID: 23008514 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the early steps of thyroid development are largely unknown. In search for novel candidate genes implicated in thyroid function, we performed a gene expression analysis on thyroid cells revealing that TSH regulates the expression of several elements of the Notch pathway, including the ligand Jagged1. Because the Notch pathway is involved in cell-fate determination of several foregut-derived endocrine tissues, we tested its contribution in thyroid development using the zebrafish, a teleost model recapitulating the mammalian molecular events during thyroid development. Perturbing the Notch signaling (e.g. mib mutants, γ-secretase inhibition, or Notch intracellular domain overexpression), we obtained evidence that this pathway has a biological role during the earlier phases of thyroid primordium induction, limiting the number of cells that proceed to a specialized fate and probably involving actions from surrounding tissues. Moreover, we were able to confirm the expression of Jagged1 during different phases of zebrafish thyroid development, as well as in mouse and human thyroid tissues. The two orthologues to the single jagged1 gene (JAG1) in humans, jag1a and jag1b, are expressed with different spatiotemporal patterns in the developing zebrafish thyroid. Both jag1a and jag1b morphants, as well as jag1b mutant fish line, display thyroid hypoplasia and impaired T(4) production; this thyroid phenotype was rescued by coinjection of human JAG1 mRNA. In conclusion, Notch pathway is involved in the early steps of thyroid morphogenesis, and Jagged1-Notch signal is required for zebrafish thyroid development and function. Thus, genetic alterations affecting the Notch pathway may confer susceptibility for thyroid dysgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Porazzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Peeters RP, Visser TJ. How to make a thyroid hypothyroid. Thyroid 2012; 22:867-9. [PMID: 22924828 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2012.2209.ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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