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Mustafa A, Wei C, Araji G, Niazi MRK, Grovu R, Weinberg M, Lafferty J. Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance and Associated Cardiovascular Outcomes in a Hospital Setting-A Fresh Perspective. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:4432-4442. [PMID: 39195314 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31080331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a paucity of data on the cardiovascular implications of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, especially among hospitalized patients. Our study aimed to investigate the association between MGUS and cardiovascular outcomes in a hospital setting using the National Inpatient Sample database. MGUS patients were sampled using ICD-10 codes. The patients were stratified into two cohorts based on the presence or absence of MGUS. Comorbidities and cardiovascular outcomes were collected using ICD 10 DM codes. CV outcomes were evaluated before and after 1:1 matching for age, gender, and race. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was performed on the matched population, which excluded patients with diabetes mellitus, prior myocardial infarction, chronic kidney disease (stages 3-5), dialysis, hypertension, obesity, metabolic syndrome, cancer, antiplatelets, and oral anticoagulant use and was adjusted for smoking, dyslipidemia, and aspirin use to evaluate the cardiovascular outcomes. MGUS patients had more heart failure, atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism, aortic aneurysm, aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation, conduction disorder, cor pulmonale, peripheral vascular disease, and acute myocardial infarction. After matching, MGUS was associated with heart failure, atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism, aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation, conduction disorder, cor pulmonale, and peripheral vascular disease. MGUS was linked to a wide spectrum of cardiovascular diseases in an inpatient setting. Further studies are needed to formulate appropriate recommendations for the screening and management of cardiovascular complications in individuals with MGUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mustafa
- Department of Cardiology, Northwell Health/Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, New York, NY 10305, USA
| | - Chapman Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Northwell Health/Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, New York, NY 10305, USA
| | - Ghada Araji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Northwell Health/Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, New York, NY 10305, USA
| | - Muhammad Rafay Khan Niazi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Northwell Health/Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, New York, NY 10305, USA
| | - Radu Grovu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Northwell Health/Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, New York, NY 10305, USA
| | - Mitchell Weinberg
- Department of Cardiology, Northwell Health/Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, New York, NY 10305, USA
| | - James Lafferty
- Department of Cardiology, Northwell Health/Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, New York, NY 10305, USA
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Sayed SZ, Abd El-Hafez AH, Abu El-Ela MA, Mourad MAF, Mousa SO. OPG/RANK/RANKL axis relation to cardiac iron-overload in children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12568. [PMID: 37532711 PMCID: PMC10397306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39596-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OPG/RANK/RANKL axis was reportedly involved in initiating various diseases, especially bone and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to assess the relationship between some OPG, RANK, and RANKL polymorphisms and alleles and iron-overload-induced cardiomyopathy in children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT). This study included 80 TDT children and 80 age and sex-matched controls. Real-time PCR was done for rs207318 polymorphism for the OPG gene and rs1805034, rs1245811, and rs75404003 polymorphisms for the RANK gene, and rs9594782 and rs2277438 polymorphisms for the RANKL gene. Cardiac T2* MRI and ejection fraction (EF) were done to assess the myocardial iron status and cardiac function. In this study, there were no significant differences in frequencies of the studied polymorphisms between cases and controls (p > 0.05 in all). In TDT children, OPG rs2073618 (G > C) had a significant relation to myocardial iron overload (p = 0.02). Its C allele had significantly more frequent normal EF than its G allele (p = 0.04). RANK rs75404403 (C > DEL) had a significant relation to cardiac dysfunction (p = 0.02). Moreover, the C allele of that gene had significantly more frequent affected EF than its DEL allele (p = 0.02). The A allele of RANKL rs2277438 (G > A) had significantly less frequent severe cardiac iron overload than the G allele (p = 0.04). In conclusion, the OPG/ RANK/RANKL genes may act as genetic markers for iron-induced cardiomyopathy in TDT children. Some of the studied genes' polymorphisms and alleles were significantly related to myocardial iron overload and cardiac dysfunction in TDT children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Zein Sayed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El Minya, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Suzan Omar Mousa
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El Minya, Egypt.
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Marcadet L, Juracic ES, Khan N, Bouredji Z, Yagita H, Ward LM, Tupling AR, Argaw A, Frenette J. RANKL Inhibition Reduces Cardiac Hypertrophy in mdx Mice and Possibly in Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Cells 2023; 12:1538. [PMID: 37296659 PMCID: PMC10253225 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy has become one of the leading causes of death in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). We recently reported that the inhibition of the interaction between the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) significantly improves muscle and bone functions in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. RANKL and RANK are also expressed in cardiac muscle. Here, we investigate whether anti-RANKL treatment prevents cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction in dystrophic mdx mice. Anti-RANKL treatment significantly reduced LV hypertrophy and heart mass, and maintained cardiac function in mdx mice. Anti-RANKL treatment also inhibited NFκB and PI3K, two mediators implicated in cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, anti-RANKL treatment increased SERCA activity and the expression of RyR, FKBP12, and SERCA2a, leading possibly to an improved Ca2+ homeostasis in dystrophic hearts. Interestingly, preliminary post hoc analyses suggest that denosumab, a human anti-RANKL, reduced left ventricular hypertrophy in two patients with DMD. Taken together, our results indicate that anti-RANKL treatment prevents the worsening of cardiac hypertrophy in mdx mice and could potentially maintain cardiac function in teenage or adult patients with DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Marcadet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUQ-CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (L.M.); (Z.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Emma Sara Juracic
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (E.S.J.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Nasrin Khan
- The Ottawa Pediatric Bone Health Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (N.K.); (L.M.W.)
| | - Zineb Bouredji
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUQ-CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (L.M.); (Z.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
| | - Leanne M. Ward
- The Ottawa Pediatric Bone Health Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (N.K.); (L.M.W.)
- The Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - A. Russell Tupling
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (E.S.J.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Anteneh Argaw
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUQ-CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (L.M.); (Z.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Jérôme Frenette
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUQ-CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (L.M.); (Z.B.); (A.A.)
- Department of Rehabilitation, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Mohamad HE, Asker ME, Shaheen MA, Baraka NM, Fantoukh OI, Alqahtani A, Salama AE, Mahmoud YK. Secukinumab and Black Garlic Downregulate OPG/RANK/RANKL Axis and Devitalize Myocardial Interstitial Fibrosis Induced by Sunitinib in Experimental Rats. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020308. [PMID: 36836664 PMCID: PMC9962443 DOI: 10.3390/life13020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sunitinib has been associated with several cardiotoxic effects such as cardiac fibrosis. The present study was designed to explore the role of interleukin (IL)-17 in sunitinib-induced myocardial fibrosis (MF) in rats and whether its neutralization and/or administration of black garlic (BG), a form of fermented raw garlic (Allium sativum L.), could extenuate this adverse effect. Male Wistar albino rats received sunitinib (25 mg/kg three times a week, orally) and were co-treated with secukinumab (3 mg/kg, subcutaneously, three times total) and/or BG (300 mg/kg/day, orally) for four weeks. Administration of sunitinib induced significant increase in cardiac index, cardiac inflammatory markers, and cardiac dysfunction that were ameliorated by both secukinumab and BG, and to a preferable extent, with the combined treatment. Histological examination revealed disruption in the myocardial architecture and interstitial fibrosis in cardiac sections of the sunitinib group, which were reversed by both secukinumab and BG treatments. Both drugs and their co-administration restored normal cardiac functions, downregulated cardiac inflammatory cytokines, mainly IL-17 and NF-κB, along with increasing the MMP1/TIMP1 ratio. Additionally, they attenuated sunitinib-induced upregulation of the OPG/RANK/RANKL axis. These findings highlight another new mechanism through which sunitinib can induce interstitial MF. The current results propose that neutralizing IL-17 by secukinumab and/or supplementation with BG can be a promising therapeutic approach for ameliorating sunitinib-induced MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda E. Mohamad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-10-2799-4483
| | - Mervat E. Asker
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Shaheen
- Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Nourhan M. Baraka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Omer I. Fantoukh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa E. Salama
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Yasmin K. Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Schwartz B, Schou M, Ruberg FL, Rucker D, Choi J, Siddiqi O, Monahan K, Køber L, Gislason G, Torp-Pedersen C, Andersson C. Cardiovascular Morbidity in Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance: A Danish Nationwide Study. JACC CardioOncol 2022; 4:313-322. [PMID: 36213365 PMCID: PMC9537076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is associated with renal dysfunction, inflammation, and increased cardiovascular mortality, but the cardiovascular risks are not fully understood. Objectives The authors explored the association of MGUS with a spectrum of cardiovascular diseases using the Danish nationwide databases. Methods Between 1995 and 2018, patients 18 years and older with MGUS were age- and sex-matched (1:10) with control patients and followed prospectively until December 31, 2018, for the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. Patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma, lymphoma, or amyloidosis were excluded. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for cardiovascular outcomes were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression. Results Patients with MGUS (n = 8,189; mean age 69.8 ± 11.7 years; 51.2% male) had higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors at baseline, including hypertension (48.0% vs 38.5%) and type 2 diabetes (13.0% vs 9.3%), compared with control patients. Outcomes included an increased risk of heart failure (HR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.41-1.69), acute myocardial infarction (HR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.06-1.40), ischemic stroke (HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.03-1.30), atrial fibrillation (HR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.23-1.42), aortic aneurysm (HR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.28-1.89), aortic stenosis (HR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.41-1.82), aortic regurgitation (HR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.34-2.07), heart block (HR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.08-1.61), peripheral artery disease (HR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.47-1.95), cor pulmonale (HR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.55-2.73), and venous thromboembolism (HR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.24-1.65). A sensitivity analysis including only patients without certain comorbidities (type 2 diabetes, hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, and chronic kidney disease) yielded similar results. Conclusions MGUS is associated with a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases, with greater relative risks observed for diseases previously associated with infiltrative and inflammatory disorders. Further studies are warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Address for correspondence: Dr Brian Schwartz, Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. @BSchwarMD@ca_heart_dk
| | - Morten Schou
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Frederick L. Ruberg
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dane Rucker
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jihoon Choi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Omar Siddiqi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin Monahan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lars Køber
- The Heart Center, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Gislason
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University, Hellerup, Denmark,The Danish Heart Foundation, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Torp-Pedersen
- Department of Cardiology, Hillerød Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark,Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Andersson
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University, Hellerup, Denmark,Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Marcadet L, Bouredji Z, Argaw A, Frenette J. The Roles of RANK/RANKL/OPG in Cardiac, Skeletal, and Smooth Muscles in Health and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:903657. [PMID: 35693934 PMCID: PMC9181319 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.903657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although their physiology and functions are very different, bones, skeletal and smooth muscles, as well as the heart have the same embryonic origin. Skeletal muscles and bones interact with each other to enable breathing, kinesis, and the maintenance of posture. Often, muscle and bone tissues degenerate synchronously under various conditions such as cancers, space travel, aging, prolonged bed rest, and neuromuscular diseases. In addition, bone tissue, skeletal and smooth muscles, and the heart share common signaling pathways. The RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway, which is essential for bone homeostasis, is also implicated in various physiological processes such as sarcopenia, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Several studies have reported bone-skeletal muscle crosstalk through the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway. This review will summarize the current evidence indicating that the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway is involved in muscle function. First, we will briefly discuss the role this pathway plays in bone homeostasis. Then, we will present results from various sources indicating that it plays a physiopathological role in skeletal, smooth muscle, and cardiac functions. Understanding how the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway interferes in several physiological disorders may lead to new therapeutic approaches aimed at protecting bones and other tissues with a single treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Marcadet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre de Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier de L’Université Laval (CHUQ-CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Zineb Bouredji
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre de Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier de L’Université Laval (CHUQ-CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Anteneh Argaw
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre de Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier de L’Université Laval (CHUQ-CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jérôme Frenette
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre de Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier de L’Université Laval (CHUQ-CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Département de Réadaptation, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jérôme Frenette,
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The role of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in fibrosis: its potential as a biomarker and/or biological target for the treatment of fibrotic diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 228:107941. [PMID: 34171336 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is defined by excessive formation and accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, produced by myofibroblasts, that supersedes normal wound healing responses to injury and results in progressive architectural remodelling. Fibrosis is often detected in advanced disease stages when an organ is already severely damaged and can no longer function properly. Therefore, there is an urgent need for reliable and easily detectable markers to identify and monitor fibrosis onset and progression as early as possible; this will greatly facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a well-known regulator of bone extracellular matrix and most studied for its role in regulating bone mass, is expressed in various organs and functions as a decoy for receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Recently, OPG has been linked to fibrosis and fibrogenesis, and has been included in a panel of markers to diagnose liver fibrosis. Multiple studies now suggest that OPG may be a general biomarker suitable for detection of fibrosis and/or monitoring the impact of fibrosis treatment. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of OPG in fibrosis and will discuss its potential as a biomarker and/or novel therapeutic target for fibrosis.
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Adhyatmika A, Beljaars L, Putri KSS, Habibie H, Boorsma CE, Reker-Smit C, Luangmonkong T, Guney B, Haak A, Mangnus KA, Post E, Poelstra K, Ravnskjaer K, Olinga P, Melgert BN. Osteoprotegerin is More than a Possible Serum Marker in Liver Fibrosis: A Study into its Function in Human and Murine Liver. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050471. [PMID: 32455750 PMCID: PMC7284440 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) serum levels are associated with liver fibrogenesis and have been proposed as a biomarker for diagnosis. However, the source and role of OPG in liver fibrosis are unknown, as is the question of whether OPG expression responds to treatment. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the fibrotic regulation of OPG production and its possible function in human and mouse livers. OPG levels were significantly higher in lysates of human and mouse fibrotic livers compared to healthy livers. Hepatic OPG expression localized in cirrhotic collagenous bands in and around myofibroblasts. Single cell sequencing of murine liver cells showed hepatic stellate cells (HSC) to be the main producers of OPG in healthy livers. Using mouse precision-cut liver slices, we found OPG production induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) stimulation. Moreover, OPG itself stimulated expression of genes associated with fibrogenesis in liver slices through TGFβ1, suggesting profibrotic activity of OPG. Resolution of fibrosis in mice was associated with decreased production of OPG compared to ongoing fibrosis. OPG may stimulate fibrogenesis through TGFβ1 and is associated with the degree of fibrogenesis. It should therefore be investigated further as a possible drug target for liver fibrosis or biomarker for treatment success of novel antifibrotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhyatmika Adhyatmika
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (C.E.B.); (C.R.-S.); (B.G.); (A.H.); (K.A.M.); (E.P.); (K.P.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Leonie Beljaars
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.B.); (K.S.S.P.); (T.L.); (P.O.)
| | - Kurnia S. S. Putri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.B.); (K.S.S.P.); (T.L.); (P.O.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Habibie Habibie
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carian E. Boorsma
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (C.E.B.); (C.R.-S.); (B.G.); (A.H.); (K.A.M.); (E.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Catharina Reker-Smit
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (C.E.B.); (C.R.-S.); (B.G.); (A.H.); (K.A.M.); (E.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Theerut Luangmonkong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.B.); (K.S.S.P.); (T.L.); (P.O.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 73170, Thailand
| | - Burak Guney
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (C.E.B.); (C.R.-S.); (B.G.); (A.H.); (K.A.M.); (E.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Axel Haak
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (C.E.B.); (C.R.-S.); (B.G.); (A.H.); (K.A.M.); (E.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Keri A. Mangnus
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (C.E.B.); (C.R.-S.); (B.G.); (A.H.); (K.A.M.); (E.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Eduard Post
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (C.E.B.); (C.R.-S.); (B.G.); (A.H.); (K.A.M.); (E.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Klaas Poelstra
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (C.E.B.); (C.R.-S.); (B.G.); (A.H.); (K.A.M.); (E.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Kim Ravnskjaer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 M Odense M, Denmark;
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.B.); (K.S.S.P.); (T.L.); (P.O.)
| | - Barbro N. Melgert
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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Dos Santos-Macedo F, Martins Gregorio B, Cardozo Paes-de-Almeida E, de Souza Mendonça L, de Souza Azevedo R, Fernandes-Santos C. Kidney osteoclast factors and matrix metalloproteinase expression in a mice model of diet-induced obesity and diabetes. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152517. [PMID: 31262577 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of RANKL/RANK/OPG system on bone remodeling is well known, and there is evidence that it is also important to cardiovascular and kidney pathology, although the underlying mechanisms are not elucidated so far. Thus, we investigated in a mice model of diet-induced obesity and diabetes if renal histopathological changes are associated with the expression of RANKL/RANK/OPG system and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Three months old C57BL/6 mice were fed with control (C) AIN93 M diet or high-fat high sucrose (HFHS) diets for 21 weeks (CEUA/UFF #647/15). The two groups presented weight gain, but it was higher in the HFHS group compared to the C group (+35%, P = 0.0001). The HFHS group also had increased epididymal, inguinal and retroperitoneal fat pad weight (+121%, P = 0.0006; +287%, P = 0.0007 and; +286%, P < 0.0001, respectively), and hyperglycemia (+43%, P = 0.02). The kidney of some HFHS fed mice displayed mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate (40%), perivascular fibrosis (20%), and focal tubule mineralization (20%). Glomeruli hypertrophy was not detected. Unexpectedly, OPG, RANK, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression was not altered in HFHS groups (Western blot analysis). In conclusion, the expression of RANKL/RANK/OPG system proteins and MMPs was not influenced by diet-induced obesity and diabetes in the kidney of male C57BL/6 mice, although some adverse histopathological remodeling is noticed in the renal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Dos Santos-Macedo
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Pesquisa Biomédica, Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | - Elan Cardozo Paes-de-Almeida
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Pesquisa Biomédica, Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo de Souza Mendonça
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Pesquisa Biomédica, Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Rebeca de Souza Azevedo
- Laboratório de Patologia Oral, Departamento de Formação Específica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Fernandes-Santos
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Pesquisa Biomédica, Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil.
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10
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Li X, Sun M, Men S, Shi Y, Ma L, An Y, Gao Y, Jin H, Liu W, Du Z. The Inflammatory Transcription Factor C/EBPβ Plays a Critical Role in Cardiac Fibroblast Differentiation and a Rat Model of Cardiac Fibrosis Induced by Autoimmune Myocarditis. Int Heart J 2018; 59:1389-1397. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.17-446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Li
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University
| | - Menghua Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University
| | - Suzhen Men
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University
| | - Yanan Shi
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University
| | - Lijuan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University
| | - Yongqiang An
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University
| | - Yaqing Gao
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University
| | - Zuoyi Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province
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11
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RANKL Expression Is Increased in Circulating Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Calcific Aortic Stenosis. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2018; 11:329-338. [PMID: 29777507 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-018-9804-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate whether the expression of the OPG/RANK/RANKL triad in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and circulating levels of markers of ectopic mineralization (OPG, FGF-23, PPi) are modified in patients with calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). We found that patients affected by CAVD (n = 50) had significantly higher circulating levels of OPG as compared to control individuals (p = 0.003). No differences between the two groups were found in FGF-23 and PPi levels. RANKL expression was higher in the PBMC from CAVD patients (p = 0.018) and was directly correlated with the amount of valve calcification (p = 0.032). In vitro studies showed that treatment of valve interstitial cells (VIC) with RANKL plus phosphate was followed by increase in matrix mineralization (p = 0.001). In conclusion, RANKL expression is increased in PBMC of patients with CAVD, is directly correlated with the degree of valve calcification, and promotes pro-calcific differentiation of VIC.
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Abu El-Asrar AM, Ahmad A, Alam K, Bittoun E, Siddiquei MM, Mohammad G, Mousa A, De Hertogh G, Opdenakker G. Unbalanced Vitreous Levels of Osteoprotegerin, RANKL, RANK, and TRAIL in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2017; 26:1248-1260. [PMID: 28914577 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2017.1343855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the expression of the proinflammatory and proangiogenic factor osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its ligands, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), and the receptor RANK in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Vitreous samples from PDR and nondiabetic control patients and epiretinal membranes from PDR patients were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Vascular endothelial growth factor, OPG, and soluble RANK levels in vitreous samples from PDR patients were significantly higher than that in nondiabetic controls. Soluble TRAIL levels were significantly lower in PDR patients than that in nondiabetic control, whereas soluble RANKL levels did not differ significantly. RANKL, RANK, and TRAIL were expressed in vascular endothelial cells, myofibroblasts, and CD45-expressing leukocytes in PDR epiretinal membranes. CONCLUSIONS Dysregulated expression of OPG/RANKL/RANK pathway and TRAIL might be related to inflammation and angiogenesis in PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abu El-Asrar
- a Department of Ophthalmology , College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.,b Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajmal Ahmad
- a Department of Ophthalmology , College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaiser Alam
- a Department of Ophthalmology , College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Emilie Bittoun
- c Laboratory of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, Department of Pathology, University of Leuven, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | | | - Ghulam Mohammad
- a Department of Ophthalmology , College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mousa
- a Department of Ophthalmology , College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Gert De Hertogh
- c Laboratory of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, Department of Pathology, University of Leuven, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- d Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Leuven, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
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13
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Singh MM, Kumar R, Tewari S, Agarwal S. Investigation of OPG/RANK/RANKL Genes as a Genetic Marker for Cardiac abnormalities in Thalassemia Major Patients. Ann Hum Genet 2017; 81:117-124. [PMID: 28244588 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the role of osteoprotegerin (OPG)/RANK/RANKL variants in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and diastolic dysfunction in thalassemia major patients MATERIALS AND METHOD: One hundred and five beta-thalassemia patients who were older than 10 years of age were enrolled for the study. Two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography analysis was done in all patients. Genotyping for OPG [rs2073617 (950 T>C), rs2073618 (1181G>C)], RANK [(rs1805034(+34694 C>T), rs12458117 (+34901 G>A) and rs75404003 (+35966insdelC)], and RANKL (rs2277438, rs9594782) variants was done using the PCR-RFLP method. Serum OPG levels were estimated by ELISA. RESULTS Mean age of patients was 16.36 ± 5.08 years. LVH and diastolic dysfunction was present in 33 (31.4%) and 24 (22.8%) patients, respectively. Thalassemia patients having minor allele of OPG rs2073618, RANK rs75404003 and RANKL rs9594782 SNPs were at high risk for LVH as suggested by high odds ratio of 2.470, 3.783, and 2.148, respectively; however, none of the SNPs tested were statistically significantly associated after applying Bonferroni corrections for multiple testing adjustment. No significant association of any SNP with diastolic dysfunction was observed. Serum OPG levels were found significantly higher in thalassemia patients with diastolic dysfunction (P = 0.006). CONCLUSION OPG rs2073618, RANK rs75404003, and RANKL rs9594782 SNPs may predispose LVH in thalassemia patients. Patients with diastolic dysfunction showed increased levels of serum OPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mable Misha Singh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- Central Research Laboratory, Sri Aurobindo Medical College and Post Graduate Institute Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Satyendra Tewari
- Department of Cardiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Sarita Agarwal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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14
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Lu J, Liu F, Liu D, Du H, Hao J, Yang X, Cui W. Amlodipine and atorvastatin improved hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy through regulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B/osteoprotegerin system in spontaneous hypertension rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1237-49. [PMID: 26908571 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216630180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to study the role of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/RANK/OPG) system in cardiac hypertrophy in a spontaneous hypertension rat (SHR) model and the effects of amlodipine and atorvastatin intervention. Thirty-six-week-old male SHRs were randomly divided into four groups: 1) SHR control group; 2) amlodipine alone (10 mg/kg/d) group, 3) atorvastatin alone (10 mg/kg/d) group, 4) combination of amlodinpine and atorvastatin (10 mg/kg/d for each) group. Same gender, weight, and age of Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats with normal blood pressure were used as normal control. Drugs were administered by oral gavage over 12 weeks. The thicknesses of left ventricle walls, left ventricle weight, and cardiac function were measured by transthoracic echocardiography. Left ventricular pressure and function were assessed by hemodynamic examination. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and collagen accumulation in cardiac tissue were measured by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson staining, respectively. The hydroxyproline content of cardiac tissue was examined by biochemistry technique. RANKL, RANK and OPG mRNA, protein expression and tissue localization were studied by RT-PCR, Immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Treatment with amlodipine or atorvastatin alone significantly decreased left ventricular mass index, cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and interstitial fibrosis in SHR (each P < 0.05). Moreover, combined amlodipine and atorvastatin treatment induced significant reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy and decreased cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and interstitial fibrosis in SHR to a greater extent than each agent alone (P < 0.05). Compared with WKY rats, the myocardial expression of RANKL, RANK, and OPG was increased. Both amlodipine and atorvastatin reduced RANKL, RANK, and OPG expression, with the best effects seen with the combination. Based on our results, activation of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system may be an important factor leading to ventricular remodeling in SHR rats. Amlodipine and atorvastatin could improve ventricular remodeling in SHR rats through intervention with the RANKL/RANK/OPG system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Demin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Jie Hao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Xiuchun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei 050000, China
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15
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Friões F, Laszczynska O, Almeida PB, Silva N, Guimarães JT, Omland T, Azevedo A, Bettencourt P. Prognostic Value of Osteoprotegerin in Acute Heart Failure. Can J Cardiol 2015; 31:1266-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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16
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Shen A, Hou X, Yang D, Liu T, Zheng D, Deng L, Zhou T. Role of osteoprotegerin and its gene polymorphisms in the occurrence of left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertensive patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2014; 93:e154. [PMID: 25546658 PMCID: PMC4602608 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the role of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) development in patients with essential hypertension (EH). A total of 1092 patients diagnosed with EH were recruited. The LVHs were determined and OPG gene polymorphisms were genotyped. Patients with LVH had a significantly higher mean serum OPG level than those without LVH. The 1181CC genotype carriers had significantly lower risk for LVH compared with GC and GG genotype carriers. The serum OPG level and OPG 1181 G>C polymorphism were found to be independent risk factors for the occurrence of LVH in hypertensive patients. In vitro study shows that OPG overexpression upregulates cell surface size, protein synthesis per cell, and hypertrophy- and fibrosis-related proteins in both cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts, whereas OPG inhibition can abolish the above-mentioned changes. Consistent with the in vitro data, our in vivo study revealed that the OPG administration induced the LVH in hypertensive rats. This study is the first to report the close association between OPG and LVH development in EH patients and the regulatory effect of OPG on cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shen
- From the Department of Cardiology, TheThird Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, No.183, West Zhongshan Ave, Tianhe District, Guangzhou (AS, DY, TL, DZ, TZ); Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 261 huasha Road, Hangzhou (XH); and Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 Southern Renmin Avenue, Zhanjiang (LD), Guangdong, China
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17
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Li Y, Fang J, Hua Y, Wang C, Mu D, Zhou K. The study of fetal rat model of intra-amniotic isoproterenol injection induced heart dysfunction and phenotypic switch of contractile proteins. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:360687. [PMID: 25136580 PMCID: PMC4127273 DOI: 10.1155/2014/360687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To establish a reliable isoproterenol induced heart dysfunction fetal rat model and understand the switches of contractile proteins, 45 pregnant rats were divided into 15 mg/kg-once, 15 mg/kg-twice, sham-operated once, sham-operated twice, and control groups. And 18 adult rats were divided into isoproterenol-treated and control groups. H&E staining, Masson staining, and transmission electron microscope were performed. Apoptotic rate assessed by TUNEL analysis and expressions of ANP, BNP, MMP-2, and CTGF of hearts were measured. Intra-amniotic injections of isoproterenol were supplied on E14.5 and E15.5 for fetuses and 7-day continuous intraperitoneal injections were performed for adults. Then echocardiography was performed with M-mode view assessment on E18.5 and 6 weeks later, respectively. Isoproterenol twice treated fetuses exhibited significant changes in histological evaluation, and mitochondrial damages were significantly severe with increased apoptotic rate. ANP and BNP increased and that of MMP-2 increased in isoproterenol twice treated group compared to control group, without CTGF. The isoforms transition of troponin I and myosin heavy chain of fetal heart dysfunction were opposite to adult procedure. The administration of intra-amniotic isoproterenol to fetal rats could induce heart dysfunction and the regulation of contractile proteins of fetuses was different from adult procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Disease, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jie Fang
- West China Stomatology School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yimin Hua
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Disease, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Diseases and Birth Defects, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Disease, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Diseases and Birth Defects, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Disease, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Diseases and Birth Defects, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Kaiyu Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Disease, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Diseases and Birth Defects, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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18
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Cao H, Li Q, Li M, OD R, Wu Z, Zhou Q, Cao B, Chen B, Chen Y, Wang D. Osteoprotegerin/RANK/RANKL axis and atrial remodeling in mitral valvular patients with atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol 2013; 166:702-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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19
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Tao H, Shi K, Yang JJ. OPG/RANK/RANKL axis as a potential therapeutic target for atrial fibrillation. Cardiology 2013; 125:173. [PMID: 23751957 DOI: 10.1159/000351080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Zhu S, Chen K, Lan Y, Zhang N, Jiang R, Hu J. Alendronate protects against articular cartilage erosion by inhibiting subchondral bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Bone 2013; 53:340-9. [PMID: 23291609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) and osteoarthritis (OA) are major health problems in the increasing elderly population, particularly in postmenopausal women, but their relationship remains unclear. The present study investigated whether alendronate (ALN), a potent inhibitor of bone resorption, could protect articular cartilage from degeneration in a combined animal model of OP and OA induced by ovariectomy (OVX). Seventy-eight seven-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into five experimental groups: (1) sham-operated with vehicle treatment, (2) sham-operated with ALN treatment, (3) OVX with vehicle treatment, (4) ALN treatment starting at OVX, and (5) ALN treatment starting at eight weeks after OVX. Histological and micro-CT analyses, together with urine collagen degradation markers, indicated that early ALN treatment completely prevented both subchondral bone loss and cartilage surface erosion induced by OVX. Although late ALN treatment also inhibited subchondral bone loss and significantly reduced cartilage erosion in the OVX rats, these tissues did not completely recover even after 10-weeks of ALN treatment. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses showed that the protective effect of ALN correlated with increased ratio of OPG/RANKL in both subchondral bone and cartilage. Moreover, whereas OVX caused upregulation of expression of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-13 and MMP-9 in the articular cartilage and chondrocytes in the interface between the articular cartilage and subchondral bone, respectively, early ALN treatment blocked whereas late ALN treatment attenuated the upregulation of these catabolic enzymes in the corresponding tissues. Together, these data indicate that the subchondral bone loss plays an important role in OA pathogenesis in the combined OP and OA model and suggest that treatment timing is an important factor for the effectiveness of anti-resorptive drug therapy of combined OP and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songsong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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21
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Rosenheck S. The heart and the osteoclasts. Cardiology 2013; 124:51-2. [PMID: 23328209 DOI: 10.1159/000345429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Xi L, Cao H, Zhu J, Røe OD, Li M, Wu Y, Wang D, Chen Y. OPG/RANK/RANKL Axis in Stabilization of Spontaneously Restored Sinus Rhythm in Permanent Atrial Fibrillation Patients after Mitral Valve Surgery. Cardiology 2013; 124:18-24. [DOI: 10.1159/000342784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Jansson AM, Hartford M, Omland T, Karlsson T, Lindmarker P, Herlitz J, Ueland T, Aukrust P, Caidahl K. Multimarker Risk Assessment Including Osteoprotegerin and CXCL16 in Acute Coronary Syndromes. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:3041-9. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
CXCL16 and osteoprotegerin (OPG) both predict mortality in acute coronary syndromes. We hypothesized that a combination of CXCL16 and OPG concentrations would add prognostic information to the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score in patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndromes.
Methods and Results—
We assessed the associations between circulating OPG and soluble CXCL16 levels, obtained within 24 hours of admission (day 1) and after 3 months, and mortality, heart failure and reinfarction in 1322 patients admitted with acute coronary syndromes. After adjustment for the GRACE score, medication, diabetes mellitus and sex, the combination of high values (fourth quartile) for OPG and CXCL16 at baseline was associated with increased short-term (3 months) cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio, 3.28; 95% CI, 1.84–5.82;
P
<0.0001). The combined high values were also significantly associated with the long-term (median 91 months) prognosis after adjustment, with hazard ratios 2.18 for cardiovascular mortality (95% CI, 1.62–2.92;
P
<0.0001), and 2.22 for heart failure (95% CI, 1.67–2.96;
P
<0.0001). These long-term associations remained significant after further adjustment for left ventricular ejection fraction, C-reactive protein, and pro B-type natriuretic peptide. For 635 patients with blood samples within 24 hours and at 3 months, the combination of high CXCL16 and OPG values (fourth quartile) in the early or stable phase was of a similar order associated with mortality and morbidity beyond 3 months.
Conclusion—
Circulating CXCL16 and OPG are independent predictors of long-term mortality and heart failure development in acute coronary syndromes patients, even after extensive adjustments. Their combination gives more information than either marker alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Jansson
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.M.J., K.C.), Karolinska Institutet and Departments of Clinical Physiology (K.C.) and Emergency Medicine (A.M.J., P.L.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Departments of Clinical Physiology (K.C.) and Cardiology (M.H., J.H., T.K.), Sahlgrenska Academy and University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Center of Prehospital Research in Western Sweden, University of Borås (J.H.), Borås, Sweden; Division of Medicine (T.O.), Akershus
| | - Marianne Hartford
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.M.J., K.C.), Karolinska Institutet and Departments of Clinical Physiology (K.C.) and Emergency Medicine (A.M.J., P.L.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Departments of Clinical Physiology (K.C.) and Cardiology (M.H., J.H., T.K.), Sahlgrenska Academy and University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Center of Prehospital Research in Western Sweden, University of Borås (J.H.), Borås, Sweden; Division of Medicine (T.O.), Akershus
| | - Torbjørn Omland
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.M.J., K.C.), Karolinska Institutet and Departments of Clinical Physiology (K.C.) and Emergency Medicine (A.M.J., P.L.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Departments of Clinical Physiology (K.C.) and Cardiology (M.H., J.H., T.K.), Sahlgrenska Academy and University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Center of Prehospital Research in Western Sweden, University of Borås (J.H.), Borås, Sweden; Division of Medicine (T.O.), Akershus
| | - Thomas Karlsson
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.M.J., K.C.), Karolinska Institutet and Departments of Clinical Physiology (K.C.) and Emergency Medicine (A.M.J., P.L.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Departments of Clinical Physiology (K.C.) and Cardiology (M.H., J.H., T.K.), Sahlgrenska Academy and University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Center of Prehospital Research in Western Sweden, University of Borås (J.H.), Borås, Sweden; Division of Medicine (T.O.), Akershus
| | - Per Lindmarker
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.M.J., K.C.), Karolinska Institutet and Departments of Clinical Physiology (K.C.) and Emergency Medicine (A.M.J., P.L.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Departments of Clinical Physiology (K.C.) and Cardiology (M.H., J.H., T.K.), Sahlgrenska Academy and University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Center of Prehospital Research in Western Sweden, University of Borås (J.H.), Borås, Sweden; Division of Medicine (T.O.), Akershus
| | - Johan Herlitz
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.M.J., K.C.), Karolinska Institutet and Departments of Clinical Physiology (K.C.) and Emergency Medicine (A.M.J., P.L.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Departments of Clinical Physiology (K.C.) and Cardiology (M.H., J.H., T.K.), Sahlgrenska Academy and University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Center of Prehospital Research in Western Sweden, University of Borås (J.H.), Borås, Sweden; Division of Medicine (T.O.), Akershus
| | - Thor Ueland
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.M.J., K.C.), Karolinska Institutet and Departments of Clinical Physiology (K.C.) and Emergency Medicine (A.M.J., P.L.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Departments of Clinical Physiology (K.C.) and Cardiology (M.H., J.H., T.K.), Sahlgrenska Academy and University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Center of Prehospital Research in Western Sweden, University of Borås (J.H.), Borås, Sweden; Division of Medicine (T.O.), Akershus
| | - Pål Aukrust
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.M.J., K.C.), Karolinska Institutet and Departments of Clinical Physiology (K.C.) and Emergency Medicine (A.M.J., P.L.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Departments of Clinical Physiology (K.C.) and Cardiology (M.H., J.H., T.K.), Sahlgrenska Academy and University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Center of Prehospital Research in Western Sweden, University of Borås (J.H.), Borås, Sweden; Division of Medicine (T.O.), Akershus
| | - Kenneth Caidahl
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.M.J., K.C.), Karolinska Institutet and Departments of Clinical Physiology (K.C.) and Emergency Medicine (A.M.J., P.L.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Departments of Clinical Physiology (K.C.) and Cardiology (M.H., J.H., T.K.), Sahlgrenska Academy and University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Center of Prehospital Research in Western Sweden, University of Borås (J.H.), Borås, Sweden; Division of Medicine (T.O.), Akershus
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Tsubaki M, Satou T, Itoh T, Imano M, Yanae M, Kato C, Takagoshi R, Komai M, Nishida S. Bisphosphonate- and statin-induced enhancement of OPG expression and inhibition of CD9, M-CSF, and RANKL expressions via inhibition of the Ras/MEK/ERK pathway and activation of p38MAPK in mouse bone marrow stromal cell line ST2. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 361:219-31. [PMID: 22579611 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclast differentiation is influenced by receptor activator of the NF-κB ligand (RANKL), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and CD9, which are expressed on bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts. In addition, osteoprotegerin (OPG) is known as an osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor. In this study, we investigated whether bisphosphonates and statins increase OPG expression and inhibit the expression of CD9, M-CSF, and RANKL in the bone marrow-derived stromal cell line ST2. We found that bisphosphonates and statins enhanced OPG mRNA expression and inhibited the expression of CD9, M-CSF, and RANKL mRNA. Futhermore, bisphosphonates and statins decreased the membrane localization of Ras and phosphorylated ERK1/2, and activated the p38MAPK. This indicates that bisphosphonates and statins enhanced OPG expression, and inhibited the expression of CD9, M-CSF, and RANKL through blocking the Ras/ERK pathway and activating p38MAPK. Accordingly, we believe that its clinical applications will be investigated in the future for the development of osteoporosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Tsubaki
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kinki University School of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
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Zhu ZF, Li JJ, Liu J, Tang TT, Ding YJ, Liao YH, Cheng X, Wang X. Circulating Th17 cells are not elevated in patients with chronic heart failure. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2012; 46:295-300. [PMID: 22655909 DOI: 10.3109/14017431.2012.699096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidences have been obtained that immune activation and inflammation play critical roles in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure (CHF). T helper (Th) 17 cells are a newly found pro-inflammatory T cell subtype. We therefore assessed the hypothesis that circulating Th17 cells increased in patients with CHF. Hypothesis. Th17 cells and its cytokine might be elevated in patients with CHF. METHODS A total of 92 patients with CHF and 59 healthy donors were enrolled in the study. The frequencies of circulating Th17 cells were determined by flow cytometry. The interleukin (IL)-17 protein levels in the serum and supernatant of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated periphery blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were detected using ELISA and the mRNA expression of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (ROR)γt, which is the key transcription factor of Th17 cells was measured by RT-PCR. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the frequency of circulating Th17 cells, serum level of IL-17, and expression of RORγt in PBMCs between CHF patients and healthy controls. IL-17 protein level in the supernatants of PHA-stimulated PBMCs was also comparable between CHF patients and health donors. CONCLUSIONS Circulating Th17 cells are not elevated in patients with CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Feng Zhu
- The Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Malliga DE, Wagner D, Fahrleitner-Pammer A. The role of osteoprotegerin (OPG) receptor activator for nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) in cardiovascular pathology - a review. Wien Med Wochenschr 2011; 161:565-70. [PMID: 21870142 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-011-0022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Initially described as key regulators in metabolic bone disease osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) and RANK ligand (RANKL) have also been discriminated as regulators in immunologic function. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) develop over many years in life and are often triggered by inflammatory processes within the vessel wall that lead to vascular remodeling. Recently some study groups have described OPG as a prognostic parameter for mortality and morbidity in cardiovascular patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela-Eugenia Malliga
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Asimaki A, Tandri H, Duffy ER, Winterfield JR, Mackey-Bojack S, Picken MM, Cooper LT, Wilber DJ, Marcus FI, Basso C, Thiene G, Tsatsopoulou A, Protonotarios N, Stevenson WG, McKenna WJ, Gautam S, Remick DG, Calkins H, Saffitz JE. Altered desmosomal proteins in granulomatous myocarditis and potential pathogenic links to arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2011; 4:743-52. [PMID: 21859801 DOI: 10.1161/circep.111.964890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoreactive signal for the desmosomal protein plakoglobin (γ-catenin) is reduced at cardiac intercalated disks in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), a highly arrhythmogenic condition caused by mutations in genes encoding desmosomal proteins. Previously, we observed a false-positive case in which plakoglobin signal was reduced in a patient initially believed to have ARVC but who actually had cardiac sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis can masquerade clinically as ARVC but has not been previously associated with altered desmosomal proteins. METHODS AND RESULTS We observed marked reduction in immunoreactive signal for plakoglobin at cardiac myocyte junctions in patients with sarcoidosis and giant cell myocarditis, both highly arrhythmogenic forms of myocarditis associated with granulomatous inflammation. In contrast, plakoglobin signal was not depressed in lymphocytic (nongranulomatous) myocarditis. To determine whether cytokines might promote dislocation of plakoglobin from desmosomes, we incubated cultures of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes with selected inflammatory mediators. Brief exposure to low concentrations of interleukin (IL)-17, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-6 (cytokines implicated in granulomatous myocarditis) caused translocation of plakoglobin from cell-cell junctions to intracellular sites, whereas other potent cytokines implicated in nongranulomatous myocarditis had no effect, even at much higher concentrations. We also observed myocardial expression of IL-17 and TNF-α and elevated levels of serum inflammatory mediators, including IL-6R, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1β, in patients with ARVC (all P<0.0001 compared with controls). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest novel disease mechanisms involving desmosomal proteins in granulomatous myocarditis and implicate cytokines, perhaps derived in part from the myocardium, in disruption of desmosomal proteins and arrhythmogenesis in ARVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Asimaki
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Venuraju SM, Yerramasu A, Corder R, Lahiri A. Osteoprotegerin as a predictor of coronary artery disease and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 55:2049-61. [PMID: 20447527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 03/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a glycoprotein that acts as a decoy receptor for receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. The OPG/RANKL/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB axis plays an important regulatory role in the skeletal, immune, and vascular systems. The protective role of OPG, in animal models, against vascular calcification has not been replicated in human trials; moreover, increased OPG levels have been consistently associated with the incidence and prevalence of coronary artery disease. There seems to be some dichotomy in the role of OPG, RANKL, and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in atherosclerosis and plaque stability. In this review, we integrate the findings from some of the important studies and try to draw conclusions with a view to gaining some insight into the complex interactions of the OPG/RANKL/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB axis and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.
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Booth AJ, Csencsits-Smith K, Wood SC, Lu G, Lipson KE, Bishop DK. Connective tissue growth factor promotes fibrosis downstream of TGFbeta and IL-6 in chronic cardiac allograft rejection. Am J Transplant 2010; 10:220-30. [PMID: 19788504 PMCID: PMC2860022 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02826.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac transplantation is an effective treatment for multiple types of heart failure refractive to therapy. Although immunosuppressive therapeutics have increased survival rates within the first year posttransplant, chronic rejection (CR) remains a significant barrier to long-term graft survival. Indicators of CR include patchy interstitial fibrosis, vascular occlusion and progressive loss of graft function. Multiple factors have been implicated in the onset and progression of CR, including TGFbeta, IL-6 and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). While associated with CR, the role of CTGF in CR and the factors necessary for CTGF induction in vivo are not understood. To this end, we utilized forced expression and neutralizing antibody approaches. Transduction of allografts with CTGF significantly increased fibrotic tissue development, though not to levels observed with TGFbeta transduction. Further, intragraft CTGF expression was inhibited by IL-6 neutralization whereas TGFbeta expression remained unchanged, indicating that IL-6 effects may potentiate TGFbeta-mediated induction of CTGF. Finally, neutralizing CTGF significantly reduced graft fibrosis without reducing TGFbeta and IL-6 expression levels. These findings indicate that CTGF functions as a downstream mediator of fibrosis in CR, and that CTGF neutralization may ameliorate fibrosis and hypertrophy associated with CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Booth
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - K. Csencsits-Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - S. C. Wood
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - G. Lu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | | | - D. K. Bishop
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109,Corresponding Author: D. Keith Bishop, Ph. D. Transplant Immunology Research, Section of General Surgery, A560 MSRB II, Box 0654, University of Michigan Medical Center, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr. Ann Arbor, MI 48109, 734-763-0326 (Phone); 734-763-6199 (Fax),
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Feng W, Li W. The study of ISO induced heart failure rat model. Exp Mol Pathol 2009; 88:299-304. [PMID: 19909738 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2009.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find a more excellent large-dose isoproterenol (ISO) induced heart failure (HF) rat model. METHODS 166 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, normal group (n=10), 85/85 mg/kg group (n=50), 85/340 mg/kg group (n=50) and 340/340 mg/kg group (n=56). HF was induced by two subcutaneous injections of homologous ISO on 2 consecutive days. We calculated death rate of each ISO group on different time points. And all the survival ISO rats were examined by echocardiography separately on 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks. We defined the EF<45% rats as heart failure, and calculated EF<45% rate of three ISO groups. 4 weeks after the last injection, all of the rats were sacrificed. H&E and Masson staining were used to evaluate inflammatory infiltration and myocardial fibrosis, and immunohistochemistry was used to measure the levels of IL-1, IL-6 and IL-17. We also treated adult rat cardiac fibroblasts with IL-1, IL-6, IL-17, or PBS for 24 h, and real-time PCR was used to measure the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in treated fibroblasts. RESULTS Through 4-week observation, we found that the period within 2 days after the last injection was the most dangerous one for all the ISO rats, regardless of injection dose. Then, the death rate increased slowly. 4 weeks later, the death rates were respectively 30% in 85/85 mg/kg group, 60% in 85/340 mg/kg group, and 68% in 340/340 mg/kg group, and there were statistical differences among three experimental groups. Moreover, the EF<45% rate and cardiac fibrosis rate were 100% in 85/340 mg/kg group as same as 340/340 mg/kg group, and much higher than 85/85 mg/kg group. Furthermore, we also found that pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6 and IL-17) increased in 85/340 mg/kg group compared with normal group, and above cytokines could induce MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in cardiac fibroblasts. CONCLUSION 85/340 mg/kg ISO induced HF rat model was superior to the other two dose ISO induced HF rat models. Pro-inflammatory cytokines might contribute to HF and myocardial fibrosis through promotion of MMPs expression in cardiac fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The first affiliated hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P R China, 150001
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Doschak MR, Kucharski CM, Wright JEI, Zernicke RF, Uludağ H. Improved bone delivery of osteoprotegerin by bisphosphonate conjugation in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Mol Pharm 2009; 6:634-40. [PMID: 19718808 DOI: 10.1021/mp8002368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the delivery of a model therapeutic protein, namely, osteoprotegerin (OPG), to bone sites in an animal model of osteoarthritis. The OPG was chemically conjugated to a "bone seeking" thiol-bisphosphonate (thiolBP) via a disulfide linkage. The BP conjugates of OPG were shown to display a higher hydroxyapatite affinity in vitro as compared to unmodified OPG. After intravenous injection, the bone uptake of OPG-thiolBP conjugate was increased 2-fold over that of control OPG under conditions of normal bone turnover. Furthermore, the retention of the OPG-thiolBP conjugate was significantly higher after 72 h. When administered to osteoarthritic rats undergoing active bone remodeling, the delivery of OPG-thiolBP conjugate to bone was increased more than 4-fold over that of control OPG after 24 h. These results suggest a significant advantage of BP conjugation as a drug delivery strategy for therapeutic cytokines in osteopenic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Doschak
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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IL-17 induces myocardial fibrosis and enhances RANKL/OPG and MMP/TIMP signaling in isoproterenol-induced heart failure. Exp Mol Pathol 2009; 87:212-8. [PMID: 19527710 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate whether IL-17 can regulate the expression of the MMP/TIMP system, the OPG/RANK/RANKL system, or type-I and type-III collagen fibers in a rat model of isoproterenol-induced heart failure (HF). We also investigated the effect of IL-17 on myocardial fibrosis in this model. METHODS HF was induced in Wistar-Kyoto rats by hypodermic injection of isoproterenol (ISO) twice every 24 h. After 2 months, the surviving rats were divided into three groups: monoclonal Anti-IL-17 Ab (100 microg/day), IgG (100 microg/day) or PBS were injected five times every 48 h (i.p.). One day after the last injection, all of the rats were sacrificed. H&E and Masson staining were used to evaluate myocardial fibrosis, and immunohistochemistry was used to measure the levels of MMP-1, TIMP-1, TIMP-4, OPG, RANKL, type-I and type-III collagen fibers. We also treated adult rat cardiac fibroblasts with IL-17 (10 ng/ml), IL-17 (10 ng/ml)+OPG (10 ng/ml), IL-17 (10 ng/ml)+anti-RANKL Ab (100 ng/ml), or PBS for 24 h, realtime RT-PCR was used to measure the expressions of MMP-1. RESULTS The expressions of MMP-1, RANKL, and type-I and -III collagen fibers decreased, and the expressions of TIMP-1, TIMP-4, and OPG increased in the Anti-IL-17 group compared to controls. H&E and Masson staining revealed that blockade of IL-17 can improve myocardial fibrosis in HF. IL-17 increased the expression of MMP-1 in cardiac fibroblasts, and OPG and anti-IL-17 Ab could inhibit this function partly. Thus, IL-17 was dependent on the RANKL/OPG system to induce MMP-1 partly. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the contribution of IL-17 to myocardial fibrosis in isoproterenol-induced HF. IL-17 can regulate the RANKL/OPG and MMP/TIMP systems in this model. The RANKL/OPG system is one of intermediaries between IL-17 and MMP-1 in cardiac fibroblasts. As a harmful cytokine, anti-IL-17 treatment is a potential therapeutic strategy in HF.
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