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Yip C, Wyler SC, Liang K, Yamazaki S, Cobb T, Safdar M, Metai A, Merchant W, Wessells R, Rothenfluh A, Lee S, Elmquist J, You YJ. Neuronal E93 is required for adaptation to adult metabolism and behavior. Mol Metab 2024; 84:101939. [PMID: 38621602 PMCID: PMC11053319 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metamorphosis is a transition from growth to reproduction, through which an animal adopts adult behavior and metabolism. Yet the neural mechanisms underlying the switch are unclear. Here we report that neuronal E93, a transcription factor essential for metamorphosis, regulates the adult metabolism, physiology, and behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. METHODS To find new neuronal regulators of metabolism, we performed a targeted RNAi-based screen of 70 Drosophila orthologs of the mammalian genes enriched in ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). Once E93 was identified from the screen, we characterized changes in physiology and behavior when neuronal expression of E93 is knocked down. To identify the neurons where E93 acts, we performed an additional screen targeting subsets of neurons or endocrine cells. RESULTS E93 is required to control appetite, metabolism, exercise endurance, and circadian rhythms. The diverse phenotypes caused by pan-neuronal knockdown of E93, including obesity, exercise intolerance and circadian disruption, can all be phenocopied by knockdown of E93 specifically in either GABA or MIP neurons, suggesting these neurons are key sites of E93 action. Knockdown of the Ecdysone Receptor specifically in MIP neurons partially phenocopies the MIP neuron-specific knockdown of E93, suggesting the steroid signal coordinates adult metabolism via E93 and a neuropeptidergic signal. Finally, E93 expression in GABA and MIP neurons also serves as a key switch for the adaptation to adult behavior, as animals with reduced expression of E93 in the two subsets of neurons exhibit reduced reproductive activity. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that E93 is a new monogenic factor essential for metabolic, physiological, and behavioral adaptation from larval behavior to adult behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Yip
- The Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Steven C Wyler
- The Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Katrina Liang
- The Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shin Yamazaki
- Department of Neuroscience and Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tyler Cobb
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Maryam Safdar
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Aarav Metai
- The Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Warda Merchant
- The Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robert Wessells
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Adrian Rothenfluh
- Huntsman Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Syann Lee
- The Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joel Elmquist
- The Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Young-Jai You
- The Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Wang J, Chai Y, Yang J, Chen K, Liu G, Luo J, Guan G, Ren Q, Yin H. Insight into Hyalomma anatolicum biology by comparative genomics analyses. Int J Parasitol 2024; 54:157-170. [PMID: 37858900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Hyalomma anatolicum is an obligatory blood-sucking ectoparasite and contributes to the transmission of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus, Theileria spp. and Babesia spp. Progress in exploring the adaptive strategy of this ectoparasite and developing tools to fight it has been hindered by the lack of a complete genome. Herein, we assembled the genome using diverse sources of data from multiple sequencing platforms and annotated the 1.96 Gb genome of Hy. anatolicum. Comparative genome analyses and the predicted protein encoding genes reveal unique facets of this genome, including gene family expansion associated with blood feeding and digestion, multi-gene families involved in detoxification, a great number of neuropeptides and corresponding receptors regulating tick growth, development, and reproduction, and glutathione S-transferase genes playing roles in insecticide resistance and detoxification of multiple xenobiotic factors. This high quality reference genome provides fundamental data for obtaining insights into a variety of aspects of tick biology and developing novel strategies to fight notorious tick vectors of human and animal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China.
| | - Yijun Chai
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Jifei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guangyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Jianxun Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Guiquan Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China.
| | - Qiaoyun Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China.
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Huang C, Dong X, Yang X, Zou J, Yang M, Wang X, Li W, He Y. Identification of neuropeptides and their G protein-coupled receptors in the predatory stink bug, Arma custos (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 115:e22094. [PMID: 38409857 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The predatory stink bug Arma custos has been selected as an effective biological control agent and has been successfully massly bred and released into fields for the control of a diverse insect pests. As a zoophytophagous generalist, A. custos relies on a complex neuropeptide signaling system to prey on distinct food and adapt to different environments. However, information about neuropeptide signaling genes in A. custos has not been reported to date. In the present study, a total of 57 neuropeptide precursor transcripts and 41 potential neuropeptide G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) transcripts were found mainly using our sequenced transcriptome data. Furthermore, a number of neuropeptides and their GPCR receptors that were enriched in guts and salivary glands of A. custos were identified, which might play critical roles in feeding and digestion. Our study provides basic information for an in-depth understanding of biological and ecological characteristics of the predatory bug and would aid in the development of better pest management strategies based on the effective utilization and protection of beneficial natural enemies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Huang
- Guizhou Provincial Tobacco Company Zunyi Branch, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiangli Dong
- Guizhou Provincial Tobacco Company Zunyi Branch, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Tobacco Company Zunyi Branch, Zunyi, China
| | - Jingmiao Zou
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingwei Yang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenhong Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Yueping He
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Li W, Li Z, Yang X, Wang X, Yang M, Huang C, He Y. Transcriptome analysis reveals salivary gland-specific neuropeptide signaling genes in the predatory stink bug, Picromerus lewisi. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1270751. [PMID: 37841314 PMCID: PMC10570428 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1270751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Predatory stink bugs derive from phytophagous stink bugs and evolved enhanced predation skills. Neuropeptides are a diverse class of ancient signaling molecules that regulate physiological processes and behavior in animals, including stink bugs. Neuropeptide evolution might be important for the development of predation because neuropeptides can be converted to venoms that impact prey. However, information on neuropeptide signaling genes in predatory stink bugs is lacking. In the present study, neuropeptide signaling genes of Picromerus lewisi, an important predatory stink bug and an effective biological agent, were comprehensively identified by transcriptome analysis, with a total of 59 neuropeptide precursor genes and 58 potential neuropeptide receptor genes found. In addition, several neuropeptides and their receptors enriched in salivary glands of P. lewisi were identified. The present study and subsequent functional research contribute to an in-depth understanding of the biology and behavior of the predatory bugs and can provide basic information for the development of better pest management strategies, possibly including neuropeptide receptors as insecticide targets and salivary gland derived venom toxins as novel killing moleculars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhong Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhimo Li
- Guizhou Provincial Tobacco Company Zunyi Branch, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Tobacco Company Zunyi Branch, Zunyi, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingwei Yang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyang Huang
- Guizhou Provincial Tobacco Company Zunyi Branch, Zunyi, China
| | - Yueping He
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Li K, Yu S, Yang Y, He YZ, Wu Y. Mechanisms of feeding cessation in Helicoverpa armigera larvae exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac toxin. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 195:105565. [PMID: 37666620 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been applied in sprayable formulations and expressed in transgenic crops for the control of pests in the field. When exposed to Bt proteins insect larvae display feeding cessation, yet the mechanism for this phenomenon remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the feeding behavior and underlying mechanisms of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) larvae after exposure to the Cry1Ac protein from Bt. Three H. armigera strains were studied: the susceptible SCD strain, the C2/3-KO strain with HaABCC2 and HaABCC3 knocked out and high-level resistance to Cry1Ac (>15,000-fold), and the SCD-KI strain with a T92C point mutation in tetraspanin (HaTSPAN1) and medium-level resistance to Cry1Ac (125-fold). When determining the percentage of insects that continued feeding after various exposure times to Cry1Ac, we observed quick cessation of feeding in larvae from the susceptible SCD strain, whereas larvae from the C2/3-KO strain did not display feeding cessation. In contrast, larvae from the SCD-KI strain rapidly recovered from the initial feeding cessation. Histopathological analyses and qRT-PCR in midguts of SCD larvae after Cry1Ac exposure detected serious epithelial damage and significantly reduced expression of the neuropeptide F gene (NPF) and its potential receptor gene NPFR, which are reported to promote insect feeding. Neither epithelial damage nor altered NPF and NPFR expression appeared in midguts of C2/3-KO larvae after Cry1Ac treatment. The same treatment in SCD-KI larvae resulted in milder epithelial damage and subsequent repair, and a decrease followed by an initial increase in NPF and NPFR expression. These results demonstrate that the feeding cessation response to Cry1Ac in cotton bollworm larvae is closely associated with midgut epithelial damage and downregulation of NPF and NPFR expression. This information provides clues to the mechanism of feeding cessation in response to Bt intoxication and contributes to the mode of action of the Cry1Ac toxin in target pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixia Li
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shan Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yihua Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ya-Zhou He
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yidong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Yuan L, Liang Q, Li Y, Dai Y, Shen J, Hu L, Xiao H, Zhang Z. Nicotine-mediated dopamine regulates short neuropeptide F to inhibit brown planthopper feeding behavior in tobacco-rice rotation cropping. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:2959-2968. [PMID: 36966467 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tobacco-rice rotation cropping (TRRC) is an ecologically friendly system that can both alleviate soil nicotine pollution and decrease the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens Stål) fitness on rice. However, few studies on this green and effective rotational cropping system have been reported. In particular, the underlying mechanisms of TRRC on the significant reduction of field pest population at the molecular level is still unknown. RESULTS Field investigation showed that BPH population decreased significantly in TRRC than in rice-rice successive cropping (RRSC) field. In addition, the short neuropeptide F (NlsNPF) and its receptor NlA7 of BPH had half-times lower levels in the TRRC field. Behavioral bioassay indicated a 1.93-fold increase in the number of salivary flanges of the dsNlsNPF group, while BPH fitness parameters, such as honeydew, weight gain, and mortality decreased significantly. Dopamine (DA) content in BPH decreased by ~11.1% under the influence of nicotine, and its presence increased the expression levels of NlsNPF and NlA7. Exogenous DA application eliminated the inhibitory effects of nicotine on BPH feeding and restored the fitness levels of its parameters. Independent application of either a mixture of dsNlsNPF with a nanocarrier or nicotine to the normal rice field revealed that the latter could produce better effects in combination with dsRNA. CONCLUSION These findings confirmed that DA regulated NlsNPF to inhibit the BPH feeding behavior in TRRC. The results not only provided novel findings on the mechanism of pest-host interactions, but also presented new method for integrated pest management. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyu Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection/Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qichang Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection/Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection/Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangsuo Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection/Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianmei Shen
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liming Hu
- Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanxiang Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection/Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenfei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection/Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Wang G, Wang J, Nie L. Transcriptome sequencing of the central nervous system to identify the neuropeptides and neuropeptide receptors of Antheraea pernyi. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125411. [PMID: 37327925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptides and neuropeptide receptors are crucial regulators for the behavior, lifecycle, and physiology of insects and are mainly produced and released from the neurosecretory cells of the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, RNA-seq was employed to investigate the transcriptome profile of the CNS which is composed of the brain and ventral nerve cord (VNC) of Antheraea pernyi. From the data sets, a total of 18 and 42 genes were identified, which respectively encode the neuropeptides and neuropeptide receptors involved in regulating multiple behaviors including feeding, reproductive behavior, circadian locomotor, sleep, and stress response and physiological processes such as nutrient absorption, immunity, ecdysis, diapause, and excretion. Comparison of the patterns of expression of those genes between the brain and VNC showed that most had higher levels of expression in the brain than VNC. Besides, 2760 differently expressed genes (DEGs) (1362 up-regulated and 1398 down-regulated ones between the B and VNC group) were also screened and further analyzed via gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) enrichment analyses. The results of this study could provide comprehensive profiles of the neuropeptides and neuropeptide receptors of A. pernyi CNS and lay the foundation for further research into their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobao Wang
- College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China.
| | - Jiangrun Wang
- College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Lei Nie
- Shandong Sericulture Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 264002, China
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Othman NW, Barron AB, Cooper PD. Feeding and Amines Stimulate the Growth of the Salivary Gland following Short-Term Starvation in the Black Field Cricket, Teleogryllus commodus. INSECTS 2023; 14:495. [PMID: 37367311 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The salivary gland of the black field cricket, Teleogryllus commodus Walker changed size between being starved and fed. Crickets without access to food for 72 h showed a reduction in both wet and dry mass of the glands compared with the glands from continuously fed animals at 72 h. Glands returned to size following ingestion within 10 min. Salivary glands of starved crickets (72 h) were incubated in saline containing either serotonin (5-HT) or dopamine (DA). Glands increased to pre-starvation size after 1 h incubation in situ with either 10-4 moles L-1 5-HT or 10-4 moles L-1 DA, although lower concentrations (10-5 moles L-1) did not affect gland size. From immunohistochemistry, amines appeared to shift from zymogen cells during starvation to parietal cells following feeding. High-performance liquid chromatography showed that serotonin concentration is higher than dopamine in the salivary gland removed from starved and fed crickets, but the quantity of these compounds was not dependent upon feeding state; the amine quantities increased as gland size increased. Further work is necessary to determine what might be the stimulus for gland growth and if dopamine and serotonin play a role in the stimulation of salivary gland growth after a period of starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Wahida Othman
- Centre of Insect Systematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Andrew B Barron
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Paul D Cooper
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Deshpande SA, Rohrbach EW, Asuncion JD, Harrigan J, Eamani A, Schlingmann EH, Suto DJ, Lee PT, Schweizer FE, Bellen HJ, Krantz DE. Regulation of Drosophila oviduct muscle contractility by octopamine. iScience 2022; 25:104697. [PMID: 35880044 PMCID: PMC9307614 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Octopamine is essential for egg-laying in Drosophila melanogaster, but the neuronal pathways and receptors by which it regulates visceral muscles in the reproductive tract are not known. We find that the two octopamine receptors that have been previously implicated in egg-laying–OAMB and Octβ2R-are expressed in octopaminergic and glutamatergic neurons that project to the reproductive tract, peripheral ppk(+) neurons within the reproductive tract and epithelial cells that line the lumen of the oviducts. Further optogenetic and mutational analyses indicate that octopamine regulates both oviduct contraction and relaxation via Octβ2 and OAMB respectively. Interactions with glutamatergic pathways modify the effects of octopamine. Octopaminergic activation of Octβ2R on glutamatergic processes provides a possible mechanism by which octopamine initiates lateral oviduct contractions. We speculate that aminergic pathways in the oviposition circuit may be comparable to some of the mechanisms that regulate visceral muscle contractility in mammals. The receptors Octβ2 and OAMB mediate oviduct muscle contraction and relaxation The receptors are detectably expressed in neurons and epithelia but not muscle cells The control of visceral muscles in flies and mammals may share common features
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali A. Deshpande
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ethan W. Rohrbach
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - James D. Asuncion
- Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jenna Harrigan
- Interdepartmental Program in Molecular Toxicology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aditya Eamani
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ellery H. Schlingmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel J. Suto
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pei-Tseng Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Felix E. Schweizer
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hugo J. Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David E. Krantz
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Corresponding author
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Wu HP, Wang XY, Hu J, Su RR, Lu W, Zheng XL. Identification of neuropeptides and neuropeptide receptor genes in Phauda flammans (Walker). Sci Rep 2022; 12:9892. [PMID: 35701459 PMCID: PMC9198061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides and neuropeptide receptors are crucial regulators to insect physiological processes. The 21.0 Gb bases were obtained from Illumina sequencing of two libraries representing the female and male heads of Phauda flammans (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Phaudidae), which is a diurnal defoliator of ficus plants and usually outbreaks in the south and south-east Asia, to identify differentially expressed genes, neuropeptides and neuropeptide receptor whose tissue expressions were also evaluated. In total, 99,386 unigenes were obtained, in which 156 up-regulated and 61 down-regulated genes were detected. Fifteen neuropeptides (i.e., F1b, Ast, NP1, IMF, Y, BbA1, CAP2b, NPLP1, SIF, CCH2, NP28, NP3, PDP3, ARF2 and SNPF) and 66 neuropeptide receptor genes (e.g., A2-1, FRL2, A32-1, A32-2, FRL3, etc.) were identified and well-clustered with other lepidopteron. This is the first sequencing, identification neuropeptides and neuropeptide receptor genes from P. flammans which provides valuable information regarding the molecular basis of P. flammans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Pan Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jin Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ran-Ran Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xia-Lin Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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11
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Identification of an allatostatin C signaling system in mollusc Aplysia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1213. [PMID: 35075137 PMCID: PMC8786951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides, as pervasive intercellular signaling molecules in the CNS, modulate a variety of behavioral systems in both protostomes and deuterostomes. Allatostatins are neuropeptides in arthropods that inhibit the biosynthesis of juvenile hormones. Based on amino acid sequences, they are divided into three different types in arthropods: allatostatin A, allatostatin B, allatostatin C. Allatostatin C (AstC) was first isolated from Manduca sexta, and it has an important conserved feature of a disulfide bridge formed by two cysteine residues. Moreover, AstC appears to be the ortholog of mammalian somatostatin, and it has functions in common with somatostatin, such as modulating feeding behaviors. The AstC signaling system has been widely studied in arthropods, but minimally studied in molluscs. In this study, we seek to identify the AstC signaling system in the marine mollusc Aplysia californica. We cloned the AstC precursor from the cDNA of Aplysia. We predicted a 15-amino acid peptide with a disulfide bridge, i.e., AstC, using NeuroPred. We then cloned two putative allatostatin C-like receptors and through NCBI Conserved Domain Search we found that they belonged to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. In addition, using an inositol monophosphate 1 (IP1) accumulation assay, we showed that Aplysia AstC could activate one of the putative receptors, i.e., the AstC-R, at the lowest EC50, and AstC without the disulfide bridge (AstC') activated AstC-R with the highest EC50. Moreover, four molluscan AstCs with variations of sequences from Aplysia AstC but with the disulfide bridge activated AstC-R at intermediate EC50. In summary, our successful identification of the Aplysia AstC precursor and its receptor (AstC-R) represents the first example in molluscs, and provides an important basis for further studies of the AstC signaling system in Aplysia and other molluscs.
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12
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Kodrík D, Krištůfek V, Svobodová Z. Bee year: Basic physiological strategies to cope with seasonality. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 264:111115. [PMID: 34775045 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Worker honey bees are subject to biochemical and physiological changes throughout the year. This study aimed to provide the reasons behind these fluctuations. The markers analysed included lipid, carbohydrate, and protein levels in the haemolymph; the activity of digestive enzymes in the midgut; the levels of adipokinetic hormone (AKH) in the bee central nervous system; the levels of vitellogenins in the bee venom and haemolymph; and the levels of melittin in the venom. The levels of all the main nutrients in the haemolymph peaked mostly within the period of maximal bee activity, whereas the activity of digestive enzymes mostly showed a two-peak course. Furthermore, the levels of AKHs fluctuated throughout the year, with modest but significant variations. These data suggest that the role of AKHs in bee energy metabolism is somewhat limited, and that bees rely more on available food and less on body deposits. Interestingly, the non-metabolic characteristics also fluctuated over the year. The vitellogenin peak reached its maximum in the haemolymph in winter, which is probably associated with the immunoprotection of long-lived winter bees. The analysis of bee venom showed the maximal levels of vitellogenin in autumn; however, it is not entirely clear why this is the case. Finally, melittin levels showed strong fluctuations, suggesting that seasonal control was unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalibor Kodrík
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Václav Krištůfek
- Institute of Soil Biology, Biology Centre, CAS, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Svobodová
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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13
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Yang T, Yuan Z, Liu C, Liu T, Zhang W. A neural circuit integrates pharyngeal sensation to control feeding. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109983. [PMID: 34758309 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Swallowing is an essential step of eating and drinking. However, how the quality of a food bolus is sensed by pharyngeal neurons is largely unknown. Here we find that mechanical receptors along the Drosophila pharynx are required for control of meal size, especially for food of high viscosity. The mechanical force exerted by the bolus passing across the pharynx is detected by neurons expressing the mechanotransduction channel NOMPC (no mechanoreceptor potential C) and is relayed, together with gustatory information, to IN1 neurons in the subesophageal zone (SEZ) of the brain. IN1 (ingestion neurons) neurons act directly upstream of a group of peptidergic neurons that encode satiety. Prolonged activation of IN1 neurons suppresses feeding. IN1 neurons receive inhibition from DSOG1 (descending subesophageal neurons) neurons, a group of GABAergic neurons that non-selectively suppress feeding. Our results reveal the function of pharyngeal mechanoreceptors and their downstream neural circuits in the control of food ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zixuan Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China.
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14
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Guo D, Zhang YJ, Zhang S, Li J, Guo C, Pan YF, Zhang N, Liu CX, Jia YL, Li CY, Ma JY, Nässel DR, Gao CF, Wu SF. Cholecystokinin-like peptide mediates satiety by inhibiting sugar attraction. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009724. [PMID: 34398892 PMCID: PMC8366971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding is essential for animal survival and reproduction and is regulated by both internal states and external stimuli. However, little is known about how internal states influence the perception of external sensory cues that regulate feeding behavior. Here, we investigated the neuronal and molecular mechanisms behind nutritional state-mediated regulation of gustatory perception in control of feeding behavior in the brown planthopper and Drosophila. We found that feeding increases the expression of the cholecystokinin-like peptide, sulfakinin (SK), and the activity of a set of SK-expressing neurons. Starvation elevates the transcription of the sugar receptor Gr64f and SK negatively regulates the expression of Gr64f in both insects. Interestingly, we found that one of the two known SK receptors, CCKLR-17D3, is expressed by some of Gr64f-expressing neurons in the proboscis and proleg tarsi. Thus, we have identified SK as a neuropeptide signal in a neuronal circuitry that responds to food intake, and regulates feeding behavior by diminishing gustatory receptor gene expression and activity of sweet sensing GRNs. Our findings demonstrate one nutritional state-dependent pathway that modulates sweet perception and thereby feeding behavior, but our experiments cannot exclude further parallel pathways. Importantly, we show that the underlying mechanisms are conserved in the two distantly related insect species. Food intake is critical for animal survival and reproduction and is regulated both by internal states that signal appetite or satiety, and by external sensory stimuli. It is well known that the internal nutritional state influences the strength of the chemosensory perception of food signals. Thus, both gustatory and olfactory signals of preferred food are strengthened in hungry animals. However, the molecular mechanisms behind satiety-mediated modulation of taste are still not known. We show here that cholecystokinin-like (SK) peptide in brown planthopper and Drosophila signals satiety and inhibits sugar attraction by lowering the activity of sweet-sensing gustatory neurons and transcription of a sugar receptor gene, Gr64f. We show that SK peptide signaling reflects the nutritional state and inhibits feeding behavior. Re-feeding after starvation increases SK peptide expression and spontaneous activity of SK producing neurons. Interestingly, we found that SK peptide negatively regulates the expression of the sweet gustatory receptor and that activation of SK producing neurons inhibits the activity of sweet-sensing gustatory neurons (GRNs). Furthermore, we found that one of the two known SK peptide receptors is expressed in some sweet-sensing GRNs in the proboscis and proleg tarsi. In summary, our findings provide a mechanism that is conserved in distantly related insects and which explains how feeding state modulates sweet perception to regulate feeding behavior. Thus, we have identified a neuropeptide signal and its neuronal circuitry that respond to satiety, and that regulate feeding behavior by inhibiting gustatory receptor gene expression and activity of sweet sensing GRNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Guo
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Jie Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Jiangsu, China
| | - Su Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Feng Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen-Xi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Long Jia
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen-Yu Li
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Yu Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dick R. Nässel
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cong-Fen Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shun-Fan Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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15
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Chowański S, Walkowiak-Nowicka K, Winkiel M, Marciniak P, Urbański A, Pacholska-Bogalska J. Insulin-Like Peptides and Cross-Talk With Other Factors in the Regulation of Insect Metabolism. Front Physiol 2021; 12:701203. [PMID: 34267679 PMCID: PMC8276055 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.701203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like peptide (ILP) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling pathways play a crucial role in the regulation of metabolism, growth and development, fecundity, stress resistance, and lifespan. ILPs are encoded by multigene families that are expressed in nervous and non-nervous organs, including the midgut, salivary glands, and fat body, in a tissue- and stage-specific manner. Thus, more multidirectional and more complex control of insect metabolism can occur. ILPs are not the only factors that regulate metabolism. ILPs interact in many cross-talk interactions of different factors, for example, hormones (peptide and nonpeptide), neurotransmitters and growth factors. These interactions are observed at different levels, and three interactions appear to be the most prominent/significant: (1) coinfluence of ILPs and other factors on the same target cells, (2) influence of ILPs on synthesis/secretion of other factors regulating metabolism, and (3) regulation of activity of cells producing/secreting ILPs by various factors. For example, brain insulin-producing cells co-express sulfakinins (SKs), which are cholecystokinin-like peptides, another key regulator of metabolism, and express receptors for tachykinin-related peptides, the next peptide hormones involved in the control of metabolism. It was also shown that ILPs in Drosophila melanogaster can directly and indirectly regulate AKH. This review presents an overview of the regulatory role of insulin-like peptides in insect metabolism and how these factors interact with other players involved in its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Chowański
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Karolina Walkowiak-Nowicka
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Winkiel
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Pawel Marciniak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Urbański
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.,HiProMine S.A., Robakowo, Poland
| | - Joanna Pacholska-Bogalska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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16
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Mashhoor MV, Moharramipour S, Mikani A, Mehrabadi M. Erucin modulates digestive enzyme release via crustacean cardioactive peptide in the elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 130:104196. [PMID: 33545106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites influence the feeding in insects through several modes of action. In this study, the physiological effects of erucin isothiocyanate were investigated on the elm leaf beetleXanthogaleruca luteola(Müller) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) via impact on crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) and midgut digestive enzymes. Third instar larvae of elm leaf beetle were fed on leaves impregnated with erucin for three days. The results showed that erucin decreasedα-amylase, lipase, and protease release. Western blot analysis and competitive ELISA showed that erucin decreased CCAP content of the midgut, brain, and hemolymph. Moreover, incubation of dissected midgut with CCAP and also its injection into the hemocoel increased digestive enzyme release. It could be concluded that erucin isothiocyanate decreases CCAP content that itself led to a decrease in digestive enzyme release. Also, it suggests that CCAP could be one of the factors, regulating feeding activities in the elm leaf beetle. This report shows that CCAP is both a midgut factor and a neuropeptide that regulates digestive enzyme release in the elm leaf beetle and could be used to study erucin effects in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Vahabi Mashhoor
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box: 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Moharramipour
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box: 14115-336, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Azam Mikani
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box: 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehrabadi
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box: 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Hull JJ, Gross RJ, Brent CS, Christie AE. Filling in the gaps: A reevaluation of the Lygus hesperus peptidome using an expanded de novo assembled transcriptome and molecular cloning. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 303:113708. [PMID: 33388363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Peptides are the largest and most diverse class of molecules modulating physiology and behavior. Previously, we predicted a peptidome for the western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus, using transcriptomic data produced from whole individuals. A potential limitation of that analysis was the masking of underrepresented genes, in particular tissue-specific transcripts. Here, we reassessed the L. hesperus peptidome using a more comprehensive dataset comprised of the previous transcriptomic data as well as tissue-specific reads produced from heads and accessory glands. This augmented assembly significantly improves coverage depth providing confirmatory transcripts for essentially all of the previously identified families and new transcripts encoding a number of new peptide precursors corresponding to 14 peptide families. Several families not targeted in our initial study were identified in the expanded assembly, including agatoxin-like peptide, CNMamide, neuropeptide-like precursor 1, and periviscerokinin. To increase confidence in the in silico data, open reading frames of a subset of the newly identified transcripts were amplified using RT-PCR and sequence validated. Further PCR-based profiling of the putative L. hesperus agatoxin-like peptide precursor revealed evidence of alternative splicing with near ubiquitous expression across L. hesperus development, suggesting the peptide serves functional roles beyond that of a toxin. The peptides predicted here, in combination with those identified in our earlier study, expand the L. hesperus peptidome to 42 family members and provide an improved platform for initiating molecular and physiological investigations into peptidergic functionality in this non-model agricultural pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Joe Hull
- Pest Management and Biocontrol Research Unit, US Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Services, Maricopa, AZ 85138, USA.
| | - Roni J Gross
- Pest Management and Biocontrol Research Unit, US Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Services, Maricopa, AZ 85138, USA
| | - Colin S Brent
- Pest Management and Biocontrol Research Unit, US Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Services, Maricopa, AZ 85138, USA
| | - Andrew E Christie
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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18
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Li Z, Cardoso JCR, Peng M, Inácio JPS, Power DM. Evolution and Potential Function in Molluscs of Neuropeptide and Receptor Homologues of the Insect Allatostatins. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:725022. [PMID: 34659116 PMCID: PMC8514136 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.725022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The allatostatins (ASTs), AST-A, AST-B and AST-C, have mainly been investigated in insects. They are a large group of small pleotropic alloregulatory neuropeptides that are unrelated in sequence and activate receptors of the rhodopsin G-protein coupled receptor family (GPCRs). The characteristics and functions of the homologue systems in the molluscs (Buccalin, MIP and AST-C-like), the second most diverse group of protostomes after the arthropods, and of high interest for evolutionary studies due to their less rearranged genomes remains to be explored. In the present study their evolution is deciphered in molluscs and putative functions assigned in bivalves through meta-analysis of transcriptomes and experiments. Homologues of the three arthropod AST-type peptide precursors were identified in molluscs and produce a larger number of mature peptides than in insects. The number of putative receptors were also distinct across mollusc species due to lineage and species-specific duplications. Our evolutionary analysis of the receptors identified for the first time in a mollusc, the cephalopod, GALR-like genes, which challenges the accepted paradigm that AST-AR/buccalin-Rs are the orthologues of vertebrate GALRs in protostomes. Tissue transcriptomes revealed the peptides, and their putative receptors have a widespread distribution in bivalves and in the bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis, elements of the three peptide-receptor systems are highly abundant in the mantle an innate immune barrier tissue. Exposure of M. galloprovincialis to lipopolysaccharide or a marine pathogenic bacterium, Vibrio harveyi, provoked significant modifications in the expression of genes of the peptide precursor and receptors of the AST-C-like system in the mantle suggesting involvement in the immune response. Overall, our study reveals that homologues of the arthropod AST-systems in molluscs are potentially more complex due to the greater number of putative mature peptides and receptor genes. In bivalves they have a broad and varying tissue distribution and abundance, and the elements of the AST-C-like family may have a putative function in the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - João C. R. Cardoso
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Deborah M. Power, ; João C. R. Cardoso,
| | - Maoxiao Peng
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - João P. S. Inácio
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Deborah M. Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Deborah M. Power, ; João C. R. Cardoso,
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19
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Ahn SJ, Mc Donnell RJ, Corcoran JA, Martin RC, Choi MY. Identification and functional characterization of the first molluscan neuromedin U receptor in the slug, Deroceras reticulatum. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22308. [PMID: 33339848 PMCID: PMC7749107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromedin U (NmU) is a neuropeptide regulating diverse physiological processes. The insect homologs of vertebrate NmU are categorized as PRXamide family peptides due to their conserved C-terminal end. However, NmU homologs have been elusive in Mollusca, the second largest phylum in the animal kingdom. Here we report the first molluscan NmU/PRXamide receptor from the slug, Deroceras reticulatum. Two splicing variants of the receptor gene were functionally expressed and tested for binding with ten endogenous peptides from the slug and some insect PRXamide and vertebrate NmU peptides. Three heptapeptides (QPPLPRYa, QPPVPRYa and AVPRPRIa) triggered significant activation of the receptors, suggesting that they are true ligands for the NmU/PRXamide receptor in the slug. Synthetic peptides with structural modifications at different amino acid positions provided important insights on the core moiety of the active peptides. One receptor variant always exhibited higher binding activity than the other variant. The NmU-encoding genes were highly expressed in the slug brain, while the receptor gene was expressed at lower levels in general with relatively higher expression levels in both the brain and foot. Injection of the bioactive peptides into slugs triggered defensive behavior such as copious mucus secretion and a range of other anomalous behaviors including immobilization, suggesting their role in important physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Joon Ahn
- Horticultural Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology & Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Rory J Mc Donnell
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jacob A Corcoran
- Horticultural Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Biological Control of Insects Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ruth C Martin
- Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Man-Yeon Choi
- Horticultural Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR, USA.
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20
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Nässel DR, Zandawala M. Hormonal axes in Drosophila: regulation of hormone release and multiplicity of actions. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 382:233-266. [PMID: 32827072 PMCID: PMC7584566 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hormones regulate development, as well as many vital processes in the daily life of an animal. Many of these hormones are peptides that act at a higher hierarchical level in the animal with roles as organizers that globally orchestrate metabolism, physiology and behavior. Peptide hormones can act on multiple peripheral targets and simultaneously convey basal states, such as metabolic status and sleep-awake or arousal across many central neuronal circuits. Thereby, they coordinate responses to changing internal and external environments. The activity of neurosecretory cells is controlled either by (1) cell autonomous sensors, or (2) by other neurons that relay signals from sensors in peripheral tissues and (3) by feedback from target cells. Thus, a hormonal signaling axis commonly comprises several components. In mammals and other vertebrates, several hormonal axes are known, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis or the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis that regulate reproduction and metabolism, respectively. It has been proposed that the basic organization of such hormonal axes is evolutionarily old and that cellular homologs of the hypothalamic-pituitary system can be found for instance in insects. To obtain an appreciation of the similarities between insect and vertebrate neurosecretory axes, we review the organization of neurosecretory cell systems in Drosophila. Our review outlines the major peptidergic hormonal pathways known in Drosophila and presents a set of schemes of hormonal axes and orchestrating peptidergic systems. The detailed organization of the larval and adult Drosophila neurosecretory systems displays only very basic similarities to those in other arthropods and vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick R. Nässel
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meet Zandawala
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
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21
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Parenti CC, Binelli A, Caccia S, Della Torre C, Magni S, Pirovano G, Casartelli M. Ingestion and effects of polystyrene nanoparticles in the silkworm Bombyx mori. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 257:127203. [PMID: 32480083 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Information on the occurrence and effects of nanoplastics in ecosystems worldwide currently represent one of the main challenges from the ecotoxicological point of view. This is particularly true for terrestrial environments, in which nanoplastics are released directly by human activities or derive from the fragmentation of larger plastic items incorrectly disposed. Since insects can represent a target for these emerging contaminants in land-based community, the aim of this study was the evaluation of ingestion of 0.5 μm polystyrene nanoplastics and their effects in silkworm (Bombyx mori) larvae, a useful and well-studied insect model. The ingestion of nanoplastics, the possible infiltration in the tissues and organ accumulation were checked by confocal microscopy, while we evaluated the effects due to the administered nanoplastics through a multi-tier approach based on insect development and behaviour assessment, as endpoints at organism level, and the measurements of some biochemical responses associated with the imbalance of the redox status (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione s-transferase, reactive oxygen species evaluation, lipid peroxidation) to investigate the cellular and molecular effects. We observed the presence of microplastics in the intestinal lumen, but also inside the larvae, specifically into the midgut epithelium, the Malpighian tubules and in the haemocytes. The behavioural observations revealed a significant (p < 0.05) increase of erratic movements and chemotaxis defects, potentially reflecting negative indirect effects on B. mori survival and fitness, while neither effect on insect development nor redox status imbalance were measured, with the exception of the significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of superoxide dismutase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Parenti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - A Binelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - S Caccia
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - C Della Torre
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - S Magni
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - G Pirovano
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - M Casartelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
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22
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Transcriptomic profiling of the digestive tract of the rat flea, Xenopsylla cheopis, following blood feeding and infection with Yersinia pestis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008688. [PMID: 32946437 PMCID: PMC7526888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, is a highly lethal pathogen transmitted by the bite of infected fleas. Once ingested by a flea, Y. pestis establish a replicative niche in the gut and produce a biofilm that promotes foregut colonization and transmission. The rat flea Xenopsylla cheopis is an important vector to several zoonotic bacterial pathogens including Y. pestis. Some fleas naturally clear themselves of infection; however, the physiological and immunological mechanisms by which this occurs are largely uncharacterized. To address this, RNA was extracted, sequenced, and distinct transcript profiles were assembled de novo from X. cheopis digestive tracts isolated from fleas that were either: 1) not fed for 5 days; 2) fed sterile blood; or 3) fed blood containing ~5x108 CFU/ml Y. pestis KIM6+. Analysis and comparison of the transcript profiles resulted in identification of 23 annotated (and 11 unknown or uncharacterized) digestive tract transcripts that comprise the early transcriptional response of the rat flea gut to infection with Y. pestis. The data indicate that production of antimicrobial peptides regulated by the immune-deficiency pathway (IMD) is the primary flea immune response to infection with Y. pestis. The remaining infection-responsive transcripts, not obviously associated with the immune response, were involved in at least one of 3 physiological themes: 1) alterations to chemosensation and gut peristalsis; 2) modification of digestion and metabolism; and 3) production of chitin-binding proteins (peritrophins). Despite producing several peritrophin transcripts shortly after feeding, including a subset that were infection-responsive, no thick peritrophic membrane was detectable by histochemistry or electron microscopy of rat flea guts for the first 24 hours following blood-feeding. Here we discuss the physiological implications of rat flea infection-responsive transcripts, the function of X. cheopis peritrophins, and the mechanisms by which Y. pestis may be cleared from the flea gut. The goal of this study was to characterize the transcriptional response of the digestive tract of the rat flea, Xenopsylla cheopis, to infection with Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague. This flea is generally considered the most prevalent and efficient vector of Y. pestis. Because most pathogens transmitted by fleas, including Y. pestis, reside in the insect digestive tract prior to transmission, the transcriptional program induced in the gut epithelium likely influences bacterial colonization of the flea. To determine the specific response to infection, RNA profiles were generated from fleas that were either unfed, fed sterile blood, or fed blood containing Y. pestis. Comparative analyses of the transcriptomes resulted in identification of 34 infection-responsive transcripts. The functions of these differentially regulated genes indicate that infection of fleas with Y. pestis induces a limited immune response and potentially alters the insect’s behavior, metabolism, and other aspects of its physiology. Based on these data, we describe potential mechanisms fleas use to eliminate bacteria and the corresponding strategies Y. pestis uses to resist elimination. These findings may be helpful for developing targeted strategies to make fleas resistant to microbial infection and thereby reduce the incidence of diseases they spread.
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23
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Lismont E, Verbakel L, Vogel E, Corbisier J, Degroot GN, Verdonck R, Verlinden H, Marchal E, Springael JY, Vanden Broeck J. Can BRET-based biosensors be used to characterize G-protein mediated signaling pathways of an insect GPCR, the Schistocerca gregaria CRF-related diuretic hormone receptor? INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 122:103392. [PMID: 32387240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-bound receptors that are considered prime candidates for the development of novel insect pest management strategies. However, the molecular signaling properties of insect GPCRs remain poorly understood. In fact, most studies on insect GPCR signaling are limited to analysis of fluctuations in the secondary messenger molecules calcium (Ca2+) and/or cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). In the current study, we characterized a corticotropin-releasing factor-related diuretic hormone (CRF-DH) receptor of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. This Schgr-CRF-DHR is mainly expressed in the nervous system and in brain-associated endocrine organs. The neuropeptide Schgr-CRF-DH induced Ca2+-dependent aequorin-based bioluminescent responses in CHO cells co-expressing this receptor with the promiscuous Gα16 protein. Furthermore, when co-expressed with the cAMP-dependent bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based CAMYEL biosensor in HEK293T cells, this receptor elicited dose-dependent agonist-induced responses with an EC50 in the nanomolar range (4.02 nM). In addition, we tested if vertebrate BRET-based G protein biosensors, can also be used to detect direct Gα protein subunit activation by an insect GPCR. Therefore, we analyzed ten different human BRET-based G protein biosensors, representing members of all four Gα protein subfamilies; Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11 and Gα12/13. Our data demonstrate that stimulation of Schgr-CRF-DHR by Schgr-CRF-DH can dose-dependently activate Gαi/o and Gαs biosensors, while no significant effects were observed with the Gαq/11 and Gα12/13 biosensors. Our study paves the way for future biosensor-based studies to analyze the signaling properties of insect GPCRs in both fundamental science and applied research contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els Lismont
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, P.O. Box 02465, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lina Verbakel
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, P.O. Box 02465, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Elise Vogel
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, P.O. Box 02465, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Rik Verdonck
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, P.O. Box 02465, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Heleen Verlinden
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, P.O. Box 02465, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Marchal
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, P.O. Box 02465, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium; Imec, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Yves Springael
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM) Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Erasme, 808 Route de Lennik, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jozef Vanden Broeck
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, P.O. Box 02465, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
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24
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Lajevardi A, Paluzzi JPV. Receptor Characterization and Functional Activity of Pyrokinins on the Hindgut in the Adult Mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Front Physiol 2020; 11:490. [PMID: 32528310 PMCID: PMC7255104 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrokinins are structurally related insect neuropeptides, characterized by their myotropic, pheromonotropic and melanotropic roles in some insects, but their function is unclear in blood-feeding arthropods. In the present study, we functionally characterized the pyrokinin-1 and pyrokinin-2 receptors (PK1-R and PK2-R, respectively), in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, using a heterologous cell system to characterize their selective and dose-responsive activation by members of two distinct pyrokinin subfamilies. We also assessed transcript-level expression of these receptors in adult organs and found the highest level of PK1-R transcript in the posterior hindgut (rectum) while PK2-R expression was enriched in the anterior hindgut (ileum) as well as in reproductive organs, suggesting these to be prominent target sites for their peptidergic ligands. In support of this, PRXa-like immunoreactivity (where X = V or L) was localized to innervation along the hindgut. Indeed, we identified a myoinhibitory role for a PK2 on the ileum where PK2-R transcript was enriched. However, although we found that PK1 did not influence myoactivity or Na+ transport in isolated recta, the PRXa-like immunolocalization terminating in close association to the rectal pads and the significant enrichment of PK1-R transcript in the rectum suggests this organ could be a target of PK1 signaling and may regulate the excretory system in this important disease vector species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryan Lajevardi
- Laboratory of Integrative Vector Neuroendocrinology, Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul V Paluzzi
- Laboratory of Integrative Vector Neuroendocrinology, Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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25
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Sangha V, Lange AB, Orchard I. Identification and cloning of the kinin receptor in the Chagas disease vector, Rhodnius prolixus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 289:113380. [PMID: 31891689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Within invertebrates, the kinin family of neuropeptides is responsible for the modulation of a host of physiological and behavioural processes. In Rhodnius prolixus, kinins are primarily responsible for eliciting myotropic effects on various feeding and diuresis-related tissues. Here, the R. prolixus kinin receptor (RhoprKR) has been identified, cloned and sequenced from the central nervous system (CNS) and hindgut of R. prolixus. Sequence analyses show high similarity and identity between RhoprKR and other cloned invertebrate kinin receptors. The expression profile of RhoprKR shows the RhoprKR transcript throughout the R. prolixus gut, with highest expression in the hindgut, suggesting a role of Rhopr-kinins in various aspects of feeding and digestion. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of the RhoprKR transcript resulted in a significant reduction of hindgut contractions in response to Rhopr-kinin 2 and an Aib-containing kinin analog. dsRhoprKR- injected insects also consumed a significantly larger meal, suggesting a role of Rhopr-kinins in satiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Sangha
- Department of Biology University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.
| | - Angela B Lange
- Department of Biology University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.
| | - Ian Orchard
- Department of Biology University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.
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26
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Wu K, Li S, Wang J, Ni Y, Huang W, Liu Q, Ling E. Peptide Hormones in the Insect Midgut. Front Physiol 2020; 11:191. [PMID: 32194442 PMCID: PMC7066369 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects produce many peptide hormones that play important roles in regulating growth, development, immunity, homeostasis, stress, and other processes to maintain normal life. As part of the digestive system, the insect midgut is also affected by hormones secreted from the prothoracic gland, corpus allatum, and various neuronal cells; these hormones regulate the secretion and activity of insects’ digestive enzymes and change their feeding behaviors. In addition, the insect midgut produces certain hormones when it recognizes various components or pathogenic bacteria in ingested foods; concurrently, the hormones regulate other tissues and organs. In addition, intestinal symbiotic bacteria can produce hormones that influence insect signaling pathways to promote host growth and development; this interaction is the result of long-term evolution. In this review, the types, functions, and mechanisms of hormones working on the insect midgut, as well as hormones produced therein, are reviewed for future reference in biological pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, China
| | - Shirong Li
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, China
| | - Yuyang Ni
- College of Life Sciences, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, China
| | - Wuren Huang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-Agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetland, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, China
| | - Erjun Ling
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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27
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Zhang H, Bai J, Huang S, Liu H, Lin J, Hou Y. Neuropeptides and G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) in the Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae). Front Physiol 2020; 11:159. [PMID: 32184735 PMCID: PMC7058690 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus is a devastating, invasive pest that causes serious damages to palm trees, and its invasiveness depends on its strong ability of physiological and behavioral adaptability. Neuropeptides and their receptors regulate physiology and behavior of insects, but these protein partners have not been identified from many insects. Here, we systematically identified neuropeptide precursors and the corresponding receptors in the red palm weevil, and analyzed their tissue expression patterns under control conditions and after pathogen infection. A total of 43 putative neuropeptide precursors were identified, including an extra myosuppressin peptide was identified with amino acid substitutions at two conserved sites. Forty-four putative neuropeptide receptors belonging to three classes were also identified, in which neuropeptide F receptors and insulin receptors were expanded compared to those in other insects. Based on qRT-PCR analyses, genes coding for several neuropeptide precursors and receptors were highly expressed in tissues other than the nervous system, suggesting that these neuropeptides and receptors play other roles in addition to neuro-reception. Some of the neuropeptides and receptors, like the tachykinin-related peptide and receptor, were significantly induced by pathogen infection, especially sensitive to Bacillus thuringiensis and Metarhizium anisopliae. Systemic identification and initial characterization of neuropeptides and their receptors in the red palm weevil provide a framework for further studies to reveal the functions of these ligand- and receptor-couples in regulating physiology, behavior, and immunity in this important insect pest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Juan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Shuning Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Jintian Lin
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
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28
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Peterson NG, Stormo BM, Schoenfelder KP, King JS, Lee RRS, Fox DT. Cytoplasmic sharing through apical membrane remodeling. eLife 2020; 9:58107. [PMID: 33051002 PMCID: PMC7655102 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple nuclei sharing a common cytoplasm are found in diverse tissues, organisms, and diseases. Yet, multinucleation remains a poorly understood biological property. Cytoplasm sharing invariably involves plasma membrane breaches. In contrast, we discovered cytoplasm sharing without membrane breaching in highly resorptive Drosophila rectal papillae. During a six-hour developmental window, 100 individual papillar cells assemble a multinucleate cytoplasm, allowing passage of proteins of at least 62 kDa throughout papillar tissue. Papillar cytoplasm sharing does not employ canonical mechanisms such as incomplete cytokinesis or muscle fusion pore regulators. Instead, sharing requires gap junction proteins (normally associated with transport of molecules < 1 kDa), which are positioned by membrane remodeling GTPases. Our work reveals a new role for apical membrane remodeling in converting a multicellular epithelium into a giant multinucleate cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora G Peterson
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Benjamin M Stormo
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | | | - Juliet S King
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | | | - Donald T Fox
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States,University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States,Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
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29
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Pym A, Singh KS, Nordgren Å, Davies TGE, Zimmer CT, Elias J, Slater R, Bass C. Host plant adaptation in the polyphagous whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, is associated with transcriptional plasticity and altered sensitivity to insecticides. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:996. [PMID: 31856729 PMCID: PMC6923851 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glasshouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, is a damaging crop pest and an invasive generalist capable of feeding on a broad range of host plants. As such this species has evolved mechanisms to circumvent the wide spectrum of anti-herbivore allelochemicals produced by its host range. T. vaporariorum has also demonstrated a remarkable ability to evolve resistance to many of the synthetic insecticides used for control. RESULTS To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms that underpin the polyphagy of T. vaporariorum and its resistance to natural and synthetic xenobiotics, we sequenced and assembled a reference genome for this species. Curation of genes putatively involved in the detoxification of natural and synthetic xenobiotics revealed a marked reduction in specific gene families between this species and another generalist whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. Transcriptome profiling of T. vaporariorum upon transfer to a range of different host plants revealed profound differences in the transcriptional response to more or less challenging hosts. Large scale changes in gene expression (> 20% of genes) were observed during adaptation to challenging hosts with a range of genes involved in gene regulation, signalling, and detoxification differentially expressed. Remarkably, these changes in gene expression were associated with significant shifts in the tolerance of host-adapted T. vaporariorum lines to natural and synthetic insecticides. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide further insights into the ability of polyphagous insects to extensively reprogram gene expression during host adaptation and illustrate the potential implications of this on their sensitivity to synthetic insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pym
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Kumar Saurabh Singh
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Åsa Nordgren
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - T G Emyr Davies
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Christoph T Zimmer
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Werk Stein, Schaffhauserstrasse, Stein, Switzerland
| | - Jan Elias
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Werk Stein, Schaffhauserstrasse, Stein, Switzerland
| | - Russell Slater
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Werk Stein, Schaffhauserstrasse, Stein, Switzerland
| | - Chris Bass
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK.
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30
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Zhou YJ, Seike H, Nagata S. Function of myosuppressin in regulating digestive function in the two-spotted cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 280:185-191. [PMID: 31054903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Myosuppressin is one of essential peptides controlling biological processes including feeding behavior. Here we identified and characterized the cDNAs that encode myosuppressin precursor and its receptor in the two-spotted cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. The presence of the mature peptide (Grybi-MS) was confirmed by direct measurement of adult brain. RT-PCR revealed the tissue distribution of these transcripts; myosuppressin is expressed predominantly in the brain and central nervous system, whereas its receptor is ubiquitously expressed in the cricket body. To address the function of Grybi-MS, we performed several bioassays to test concerning feeding behavior and digestive function upon exposure to Grybi-MS. Administration of synthetic Grybi-MS resulted in increased feeding motivation, accompanied by an increase in food intake. Meanwhile, the hemolymph lipid and carbohydrate titers were both elevated after Grybi-MS injection. As the intestinal contraction is significantly inhibited by the exposure to Grybi-MS, the upregulating feeding index might be complicated in the cricket body. The current data indicate that Grybi-MS modulates feeding behavior to control the physiological processes in the cricket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jun Zhou
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa no ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba #277-8562, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Hitomi Seike
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa no ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba #277-8562, Japan
| | - Shinji Nagata
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa no ha, Kashiwa City, Chiba #277-8562, Japan.
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31
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Karbusová N, Gautam UK, Kodrík D. Effect of natural toxins and adipokinetic hormones on the activity of digestive enzymes in the midgut of the cockroach Periplaneta americana. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 101:e21586. [PMID: 31180597 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of two natural toxins (a venom from the parasitic wasp Habrobracon hebetor and destruxin A from the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae), and one pathogen (the entomopathogenic fungus Isaria fumosorosea) on the activity of basic digestive enzymes in the midgut of the cockroach Periplaneta americana. Simultaneously, the role of adipokinetic hormones (AKH) in the digestive processes was evaluated. The results showed that all tested toxins/pathogens elicited stress responses when applied into the cockroach body, as documented by an increase of AKH level in the central nervous system. The venom from H. hebetor showed no effect on digestive enzyme activities in the ceca and midgut in vitro. In addition, infection by I. fumosorosea caused a decrease in activity of all enzymes in the midgut and a variable decrease in activity in the ceca; application of AKHs did not reverse the inhibition. Destruxin A inhibited the activity of all enzymes in the midgut but none in the ceca in vitro; application of AKHs did reverse this inhibition, and no differences between both cockroach AKHs were found. Overall, the results demonstrated the variable effect of the tested toxins/pathogens on the digestive processes of cockroaches as well as the variable ability of AKH to counteract these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Umesh K Gautam
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, and Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Kodrík
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, and Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Vafopoulou X, Hindley-Smith M, Steel CGH. Neuropeptide- and serotonin- cells in the brain of Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera) associated with the circadian clock. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 278:25-41. [PMID: 30048647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The neuronal pathways of the circadian clock in the brain of R. prolixus have been described in detail previously, but there is no information concerning the cells or their pathways which relay either inputs to the clock (e.g. for light entrainment), or outputs from it to driven rhythms. Here, we employ antisera to three neuropeptides (type A allatostatin-7, crustacean cardioactive peptide and FMRFamide), and serotonin in confocal laser scanning immunohistochemistry to analyze the distribution of cell bodies and their projections in relation to the principle circadian clock cells (lateral cells, LNs) for all four neuron types. LNs are revealed following labelling with anti- pigment dispersing factor in double labelled preparations. Regions of potential communication between ramifications of the LNs and each of the four other neuron types is described (identified by close superposition of their neurites in various brain regions), as is their detailed projections within the brain. Neuromodulation is sometimes suggested by close, but not intimate, proximity of varicosities of neurites. We infer that some neuron types comprise input pathways to the LNs, some are outputs to neuroendocrine or behavioral rhythms, and others participate in both input and output pathways, sometimes by the same neuron type but in different locations. For example, one retinula cell in each ommatidium is immunoreactive for allatostatin A; its axon projects to the medulla making superpositions with LNs, as do serotonin cells in the optic lobe, indicating roles of both neuron types in light input (entrainment) to the clock. But in other brain areas, these same types appear to mediate outputs from the clock. The accessory medulla has been widely reported as the principle center of integration in other insects; but we found sparse evidence of this in R. prolixus as it contains few neurites other than those from the clock cells. Rather, the importance of neural pathways involving the medulla and the superior protocerebrum is emphasized. We conclude that there is a vast and complex web of interactions in the brain with the LNs, which potentially receive multiple pathways of inputs and outputs that could drive rhythmicity in a multitude of downstream cells, rendering a host of output pathways rhythmic, notably hormone release from neurosecretory cells and behaviors.
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Matsumoto S, Kutsuna N, Daubnerová I, Roller L, Žitňan D, Nagasawa H, Nagata S. Enteroendocrine peptides regulate feeding behavior via controlling intestinal contraction of the silkworm Bombyx mori. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219050. [PMID: 31260470 PMCID: PMC6602202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that predominant feeding inhibitory effects were found in the crude extracts of foregut and midgut of the silkworm Bombyx mori larvae. To address the entero-intestinal control crucial for the regulation of insect feeding behavior, the present study identified and functionally characterized feeding inhibitory peptides from the midgut of B. mori larvae. Purification and structural analyses revealed that the predominant inhibitory factors in the crude extracts were allatotropin (AT) and GSRYamide after its C-terminal sequence. In situ hybridization revealed that AT and GSRYamide were expressed in enteroendocrine cells in the posterior and anterior midgut, respectively. Receptor screening using Ca2+-imaging technique showed that the B. mori neuropeptide G protein-coupled receptor (BNGR)-A19 and -A22 acted as GSRYamide receptors and BNGR-A5 acted as an additional AT receptor. Expression analyses of these receptors and the results of the peristaltic motion assay indicated that these peptides participated in the regulation of intestinal contraction. Exposure of pharynx and ileum to AT and GSRYamide inhibited spontaneous contraction in ad libitum-fed larvae, while exposure of pharynx to GSRYamide did not inhibit contraction in non-fed larvae, indicating that the feeding state changed their sensitivity to inhibitory peptides. These different responses corresponded to different expression levels of their receptors in the pharynx. In addition, injection of AT and GSRYamide decreased esophageal contraction frequencies in the melamine-treated transparent larvae. These findings strongly suggest that these peptides exert feeding inhibitory effects by modulating intestinal contraction in response to their feeding state transition, eventually causing feeding termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Natsumaro Kutsuna
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ivana Daubnerová
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Roller
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Žitňan
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Hiromichi Nagasawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Nagata
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
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34
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Bell P, Down RE, Matthews HJ, Isaac RE, Audsley N. Peptidergic control of the crop of the cabbage root fly, Delia radicum (L.) Diptera: Anthomyiidae): A role for myosuppressin. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 278:50-57. [PMID: 30077792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There is much interest in targeting neuropeptide signaling for the development of new and environmentally friendly insect control chemicals. In this study we have focused attention on the peptidergic control of the adult crop of Delia radicum (cabbage root fly), an important pest of brassicas in European agriculture. The dipteran crop is a muscular organ formed from the foregut of the digestive tract and plays a vital role in the processing of food in adult flies. We have shown using direct tissue profiling by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry that the decapeptide myosuppressin (TDVDHVFLRFamide) is present in the crop nerve bundle and that application of this peptide to the crop potently inhibits the spontaneous contractions of the muscular lobes with an IC50 of 4.4 × 10-8 M. The delivery of myosuppressin either by oral administration or by injection had no significant detrimental effect on the adult fly. This failure to elicit a response is possibly due to the susceptibility of the peptide to degradative peptidases that cleave the parent peptide to inactive fragments. Indeed, we show that the crop of D. radicum is a source of neuropeptide-degrading endo- and amino-peptidases. In contrast, feeding benzethonium chloride, a non-peptide agonist of myosuppressin, reduced feeding rate and increased the rate of mortality of adult D. radicum. Current results are indicative of a key role for myosuppressin in the regulation of crop physiology and the results achieved during this project provide the basis for subsequent studies aimed at developing insecticidal molecules targeting the peptidergic control of feeding and food digestion in this pest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bell
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; FERA Science, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
| | | | | | - R Elwyn Isaac
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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DeLaney K, Li L. Data Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry Method for Improved Neuropeptidomic Coverage in Crustacean Neural Tissue Extracts. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5150-5158. [PMID: 30888792 PMCID: PMC6481171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are an important class of signaling molecules in the nervous and neuroendocrine system, but they are challenging to study due to their low concentration in vivo in the presence of numerous interfering artifacts. Often the limitation of mass spectrometry analyses of neuropeptides in complex tissue extracts is not due to neuropeptides being below the detection limit but due to ions not being selected for tandem mass spectrometry during the liquid chromatography elution time and therefore not being identified. In this study, a data independent acquisition (DIA) method was developed to improve the coverage of neuropeptides in neural tissue from the model organism C. borealis. The optimal mass-to-charge ratio range and isolation window were determined and subsequently used to detect more neuropeptides in extracts from the brain and pericardial organs than the conventional data dependent acquisition method. The DIA method led to the detection of almost twice as many neuropeptides in the brain and approximately 1.5-fold more neuropeptides in the pericardial organs. The technical and biological reproducibility were also explored and found to be improved over the original method, with 56% of neuropeptides detected in 3 out of 3 replicate injections and 62% in 3 out of 3 biological replicates. Furthermore, 68 putative novel neuropeptides were detected and identified with de novo sequencing. The quantitative accuracy of the method was also explored. The developed method is anticipated to be useful for gaining a deeper profiling of neuropeptides, especially those in low abundance, in a variety of sample types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen DeLaney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1322, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1322, United States
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 5125 Rennebohm Hall, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2222, United States
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36
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Wang F, Li S, Xiang J, Li F. Transcriptome analysis reveals the activation of neuroendocrine-immune system in shrimp hemocytes at the early stage of WSSV infection. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:247. [PMID: 30922216 PMCID: PMC6437892 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Functional communications between nervous, endocrine and immune systems are well established in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Circulating hemocytes act as fundamental players in this crosstalk, whose functions are conserved during the evolution of the main groups of metazoans. However, the roles of the neuroendocrine-immune (NEI) system in shrimp hemocytes during pathogen infection remain largely unknown. Results In this study, we sequenced six cDNA libraries prepared with hemocytes from Litopenaeus vannamei which were injected by WSSV (white spot syndrome virus) or PBS for 6 h using Illumina Hiseq 4000 platform. As a result, 3444 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 3240 up-regulated genes and 204 down-regulated genes, were identified from hemocytes after WSSV infection. Among these genes, 349 DEGs were correlated with innate immunity and categorized into seven groups based on their predictive function. Interestingly, 18 genes encoded putative neuropeptide precursors were induced significantly by WSSV infection. Furthermore, some genes were mapped to several typical processes in the NEI system, including proteolytic processing of prohormones, amino acid neurotransmitter pathways, biogenic amine biosynthesis and acetylcholine signaling pathway. Conclusions The data suggested that WSSV infection triggers the activation of NEI in shrimp, which throws a light on the pivotal roles of NEI system mediated by hemocytes in shrimp antiviral immunity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5614-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jianhai Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China. .,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Nässel DR, Zandawala M. Recent advances in neuropeptide signaling in Drosophila, from genes to physiology and behavior. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 179:101607. [PMID: 30905728 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on neuropeptides and peptide hormones, the largest and most diverse class of neuroactive substances, known in Drosophila and other animals to play roles in almost all aspects of daily life, as w;1;ell as in developmental processes. We provide an update on novel neuropeptides and receptors identified in the last decade, and highlight progress in analysis of neuropeptide signaling in Drosophila. Especially exciting is the huge amount of work published on novel functions of neuropeptides and peptide hormones in Drosophila, largely due to the rapid developments of powerful genetic methods, imaging techniques and innovative assays. We critically discuss the roles of peptides in olfaction, taste, foraging, feeding, clock function/sleep, aggression, mating/reproduction, learning and other behaviors, as well as in regulation of development, growth, metabolic and water homeostasis, stress responses, fecundity, and lifespan. We furthermore provide novel information on neuropeptide distribution and organization of peptidergic systems, as well as the phylogenetic relations between Drosophila neuropeptides and those of other phyla, including mammals. As will be shown, neuropeptide signaling is phylogenetically ancient, and not only are the structures of the peptides, precursors and receptors conserved over evolution, but also many functions of neuropeptide signaling in physiology and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick R Nässel
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Meet Zandawala
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Duan Şahbaz B, Birgül Iyison N. Prediction and expression analysis of G protein-coupled receptors in the laboratory stick insect, Carausius morosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 43:77-88. [PMID: 30930638 PMCID: PMC6426647 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1809-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are 7-transmembrane proteins that transduce various extracellular signals into intracellular pathways. They are the major target of neuropeptides, which regulate the development, feeding behavior, mating behavior, circadian rhythm, and many other physiological functions of insects. In the present study, we performed RNA sequencing and de novo transcriptome assembly to uncover the GPCRs expressed in the stick insect Carausius morosus. The transcript assemblies were predicted for the presence of 7-transmembrane GPCR domains. As a result, 430 putative GPCR transcripts were obtained and 43 of these revealed full-length sequences with highly significant similarity to known GPCR sequences in the databases. Thirteen different GPCRs were chosen for tissue expression analysis. Some of these receptors, such as calcitonin, inotocin, and tyramine receptors, showed specific expression in some of the tissues. Additionally, GPCR prediction yielded a novel uncharacterized GPCR sequence, which was specifically expressed in the central nervous system and ganglia. Previously, the only information about the anatomy of the stick insect was on its gastrointestinal system. This study provides complete anatomical information about the adult insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burçin Duan Şahbaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Boğaziçi University , İstanbul , Turkey
| | - Necla Birgül Iyison
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Boğaziçi University , İstanbul , Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Boğaziçi University , İstanbul , Turkey
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Matsumoto S, Ohara A, Nagai-Okatani C, Zhou YJ, Fujinaga D, Seike H, Nagata S. Antagonistic Effect of Short Neuropeptide F on Allatotropin-Inhibited Feeding Motivation of the Silkworm Larva, Bombyx mori. Zoolog Sci 2019; 36:58-67. [PMID: 31116539 DOI: 10.2108/zs180119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrated an antagonistic effect of short neuropeptide F (sNPF) in modulating feeding motivation in the silkworm Bombyx mori; sNPF reduced the feeding-delaying effects caused by administration of an inhibitory peptide, allatotropin (AT). In situ hybridization and MALDI-TOF MS analysis revealed the presence of three subtypes of sNPFs (sNPF-1, -2, and -3) in the midgut enteroendocrine cells. Ca2+-imaging analyses revealed that three subtypes of sNPF receptors (sNPFRs) (BNGR-A7, -A10, and -A11) showed different affinities with the three subtypes of sNPFs. In addition, sNPF activated its signaling via ERK phosphorylation in the midgut, while mixture of sNPF and AT reduced the phosphorylation level, agreeing with the results of behavioral assay. Together, our current findings suggest that intestinal sNPF positively modulates the feeding motivation by reducing the inhibitory effects by AT within the midgut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Ayako Ohara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Chiaki Nagai-Okatani
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Current affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Yi-Jun Zhou
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Daiki Fujinaga
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Hitomi Seike
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Shinji Nagata
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8562, Japan,
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40
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Nagata S. Feeding modulation in insects through factors in the hemolymph. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:33-38. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1536515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
In insect hemolymph, many factors are present that can influence feeding motivation, such as lipids, carbohydrates, and other metabolites. Levels of these hemolymph factors fluctuate according to metabolic, nutrient and feeding states, eventually affecting feeding motivation and consequent regularly occurring feeding cycles. Such fluctuations contribute to energy homeostasis and innate feeding behavior in insects possibly by endocrine systems. Ultimately, orchestration of bioactive factors in the hemolymph modulate feeding motivation and nutrient selective behavior in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Nagata
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
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41
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Lubawy J, Marciniak P, Kuczer M, Rosiński G. Myotropic activity of allatostatins in tenebrionid beetles. Neuropeptides 2018; 70:26-36. [PMID: 29776677 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptides control the functioning of the nervous system of insects, and they are the most diverse signalling molecules in terms of structure and function. Allatostatins are pleiotropic neuropeptides that are considered potent myoinhibitors of muscle contractions in insects. We investigated the effects caused by three distinct allatostatins, Dippu-AST1 (LYDFGL-NH2 from Diploptera punctata), Grybi-MIP1 (GWQDLNGGW-NH2 from Gryllus bimaculatus) and Trica-ASTC (pESRYRQCYFNPISCF-OH from Tribolium castaneum) on contractile activity of the myocardium, oviduct and hindgut of two tenebrionid beetles, Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas atratus. Studies showed that all three peptides exerted myostimulatory effects on the oviduct and hindgut of the beetles, however they did not cause any effect on myocardium. The effects of Dippu-AST1, Grybi-MIP1 and Trica-ASTC were dose-dependent and tissue and species specific. The highest stimulatory effect was caused by Trica-ASTC, showing stimulation of approximately 82% at a 10-12 M concentration and 76% at a 10-11 M concentration for T. molitor and Z. atratus, respectively. The oviduct of T. molitor was more susceptible to allatostatins than that of Z. atratus. Dippu-AST1 showed the maximum stimulating effect at 10-11 M (57%), whereas Grybi-MIP 1 at 10-10 M caused a 41% stimulation. Trica-ASTC, in both species, showed a myostimulatory effect over the whole range of tested concentrations but was most potent at a 10-12 M concentration and caused a 54% and 31.9% increase in the frequency of contractions in the oviduct of T. molitor and Z. atratus, respectively. The results suggest that allatostatins may affect the regulation of egg movement within the oviducts and movement of food in the digestive tract of beetles and do not regulate directly the activity of heart, thus being good candidate compounds in neuropeptides based pest control agents in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lubawy
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Umultowska 89 Str, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Paweł Marciniak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Umultowska 89 Str, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Mariola Kuczer
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University, F. Joliot-Curie 14D Str, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Rosiński
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Umultowska 89 Str, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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Mensah ET, Blanco AM, Donini A, Unniappan S. Galanin decreases spontaneous resting contractions and potentiates acetyl choline-induced contractions of goldfish gut. Neuropeptides 2018; 69:92-97. [PMID: 29709304 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Galanin (GAL) is a 29 amino acid peptide, first identified from the porcine intestine and widely distributed within the brain and peripheral tissues. Among GAL biological functions, its role as a potent appetite-stimulating peptide is probably the most studied. With galanin's established role in the modulation of food intake in fish, this study aims to evaluate the effects of GAL on the intestinal motility of the goldfish, Carassius auratus, using an organ bath system. Our results found that application of GAL to the organ bath causes a significant concentration-dependent decrease in the amplitude of spontaneous contractions of goldfish gut. Preincubations of intestinal strips with acetylcholine (ACh) and GAL showed that GAL increases the force of ACh-induced contractions of the goldfish gut. These results provide the first evidence for a role of GAL in gut motility in goldfish. This also suggests a crosstalk between the effects of GAL and ACh in such functions, thus pointing to a putative joint role between the two molecules. These findings offer novel information that strengthens the role of the galaninergic system in fish feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsie Tachie Mensah
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Ayelen Melisa Blanco
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Andrew Donini
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Suraj Unniappan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada.
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43
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Bernardo MA, Singer MS. Parasite-altered feeding behavior in insects: integrating functional and mechanistic research frontiers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 220:2848-2857. [PMID: 28814608 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.143800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Research on parasite-altered feeding behavior in insects is contributing to an emerging literature that considers possible adaptive consequences of altered feeding behavior for the host or the parasite. Several recent ecoimmunological studies show that insects can adaptively alter their foraging behavior in response to parasitism. Another body of recent work shows that infection by parasites can change the behavior of insect hosts to benefit the parasite; manipulations of host feeding behavior may be part of this phenomenon. Here, we address both the functional and the underlying physiological frontiers of parasite-altered feeding behavior in order to spur research that better integrates the two. Functional categories of parasite-altered behavior that are adaptive for the host include prophylaxis, therapy and compensation, while host manipulation is adaptive for the parasite. To better understand and distinguish prophylaxis, therapy and compensation, further study of physiological feedbacks affecting host sensory systems is especially needed. For host manipulation in particular, research on mechanisms by which parasites control host feedbacks will be important to integrate with functional approaches. We see this integration as critical to advancing the field of parasite-altered feeding behavior, which may be common in insects and consequential for human and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael S Singer
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06105, USA
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Christ P, Hill SR, Schachtner J, Hauser F, Ignell R. Functional characterization of the dual allatostatin-A receptors in mosquitoes. Peptides 2018; 99:44-55. [PMID: 29103918 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide allatostatin-A (AstA) and its cognate receptors (AstARs) are involved in the modulation of feeding behavior, which in hematophagous insects includes the regulation of the disease vector-related behaviors, host seeking and blood feeding. In mosquitoes and other dipterans, there are two copies of AstAR, contrasting with the single copy found in other insects. In this study, we identified and cloned the dual AstAR system of two important disease vectors Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus, and compared them with those previously described, including those in Anopheles coluzzii and Drosophila melanogaster. Phylogenetic analysis of the AstARs revealed that the mosquito AstAR1s has retained a similar amino acid sequence as the AstARs from non-dipteran insect species. Intron analysis revealed that the number of introns accumulated in the AstAR2s is similar to that in other insects, and that introns are conserved within the receptor types, but that only the final two introns are conserved across AstAR1s and 2s. We functionally characterized the dual AstARs in An. coluzzii, Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus by stably expressing the receptors in a Chinese hamster oocyte cell line (CHO) also stably expressing a promiscuous G-protein (G16), and challenged them with the endogenous isoforms of AstA from the three mosquito species. In the culicine mosquitoes, Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus, the AstARs demonstrated differential sensitivity to AstA, with the AstAR2s displaying a higher sensitivity than the AstAR1s, suggesting a divergence of functional roles for these AstARs. In contrast, both An. coluzzii AstARs demonstrated a similar sensitivity to the AstA ligands. We discuss our findings in the light of AstA acting as a regulator of blood feeding in mosquitoes. A better understanding of the regulation of host seeking and blood feeding in vector mosquitoes will lead to the rational development of novel approaches for vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Christ
- Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, Sundsvägen 14, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Sharon R Hill
- Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, Sundsvägen 14, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Joachim Schachtner
- Neurobiology/Ethology, Department of Biology, Philipps University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Frank Hauser
- Center for Functional and Comparative Insect Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen,Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Rickard Ignell
- Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, Sundsvägen 14, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden.
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Nagata S, Nagasawa H. Calcitonin-like peptide hormone (CT/DH) in the frontal ganglia as a feeding regulatory peptide of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Peptides 2017; 98:23-28. [PMID: 27341993 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The frontal ganglion (FrG) in insects contributes to the modulation of feeding behavior via the regulation of foregut contraction and other neural networks. Profiling the peptides of the FrG is important to understand endocrine regulation of feeding behavior in insects. High-resolution spiral matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) identified an ion peak, corresponding to calcitonin-like diuretic hormone 31 (CT/DH) in the FrG of silkworm Bombyx mori larvae. RT-PCR confirmed that CT/DH is expressed in the FrG, as are other peptide hormones, including allatoregulatory peptides. A feeding latency assay using synthetic CT/DH revealed that it increases the time to the initiation of feeding in a dose-dependent manner. These data indicate that CT/DH is a candidate regulatory peptide that modulates the feeding behavior of B. mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Nagata
- Department of Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa City, Chiba, #277-8562, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Hiromichi Nagasawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Present address: College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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Gough CS, Fairlamb GM, Bell P, Nachman RJ, Audsley N, Isaac RE. Peptidergic control in a fruit crop pest: The spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188021. [PMID: 29125862 PMCID: PMC5681264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides play an important role in the regulation of feeding in insects and offer potential targets for the development of new chemicals to control insect pests. A pest that has attracted much recent attention is the highly invasive Drosophila suzukii, a polyphagous pest that can cause serious economic damage to soft fruits. Previously we showed by mass spectrometry the presence of the neuropeptide myosuppressin (TDVDHVFLRFamide) in the nerve bundle suggesting that this peptide is involved in regulating the function of the crop, which in adult dipteran insects has important roles in the processing of food, the storage of carbohydrates and the movement of food into the midgut for digestion. In the present study antibodies that recognise the C-terminal RFamide epitope of myosuppressin stain axons in the crop nerve bundle and reveal peptidergic fibres covering the surface of the crop. We also show using an in vitro bioassay that the neuropeptide is a potent inhibitor (EC50 of 2.3 nM) of crop contractions and that this inhibition is mimicked by the non-peptide myosuppressin agonist, benzethonium chloride (Bztc). Myosuppressin also inhibited the peristaltic contractions of the adult midgut, but was a much weaker agonist (EC50 = 5.7 μM). The oral administration of Bztc (5 mM) in a sucrose diet to adult female D. suzukii over 4 hours resulted in less feeding and longer exposure to dietary Bztc led to early mortality. We therefore suggest that myosuppressin and its cognate receptors are potential targets for disrupting feeding behaviour of adult D. suzukii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S. Gough
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Grace M. Fairlamb
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Petra Bell
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ronald J. Nachman
- Insect Control and Cotton Disease Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | | | - R. Elwyn Isaac
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Fischer EK, O'Connell LA. Modification of feeding circuits in the evolution of social behavior. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 220:92-102. [PMID: 28057832 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.143859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive trade-offs between foraging and social behavior intuitively explain many aspects of individual decision-making. Given the intimate connection between social behavior and feeding/foraging at the behavioral level, we propose that social behaviors are linked to foraging on a mechanistic level, and that modifications of feeding circuits are crucial in the evolution of complex social behaviors. In this Review, we first highlight the overlap between mechanisms underlying foraging and parental care and then expand this argument to consider the manipulation of feeding-related pathways in the evolution of other complex social behaviors. We include examples from diverse taxa to highlight that the independent evolution of complex social behaviors is a variation on the theme of feeding circuit modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva K Fischer
- Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Lauren A O'Connell
- Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Hartenstein V, Takashima S, Hartenstein P, Asanad S, Asanad K. bHLH proneural genes as cell fate determinants of entero-endocrine cells, an evolutionarily conserved lineage sharing a common root with sensory neurons. Dev Biol 2017; 431:36-47. [PMID: 28751238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Entero-endocrine cells involved in the regulation of digestive function form a large and diverse cell population within the intestinal epithelium of all animals. Together with absorptive enterocytes and secretory gland cells, entero-endocrine cells are generated by the embryonic endoderm and, in the mature animal, from a pool of endoderm derived, self-renewing stem cells. Entero-endocrine cells share many structural/functional and developmental properties with sensory neurons, which hints at the possibility of an ancient evolutionary relationship between these two cell types. We will survey in this article recent findings that emphasize the similarities between entero-endocrine cells and sensory neurons in vertebrates and insects, for which a substantial volume of data pertaining to the entero-endocrine system has been compiled. We will then report new findings that shed light on the specification and morphogenesis of entero-endocrine cells in Drosophila. In this system, presumptive intestinal stem cells (pISCs), generated during early metamorphosis, undergo several rounds of mitosis that produce the endocrine cells and stem cells (ISCs) with which the fly is born. Clonal analysis demonstrated that individual pISCs can give rise to endocrine cells expressing different types of peptides. Immature endocrine cells start out as unpolarized cells located basally of the gut epithelium; they each extend an apical process into the epithelium which establishes a junctional complex and apical membrane specializations contacting the lumen of the gut. Finally, we show that the Drosophila homolog of ngn3, a bHLH gene that defines the entero-endocrine lineage in mammals, is expressed and required for the differentiation of this cell type in the fly gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Hartenstein
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA.
| | - Shigeo Takashima
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
| | - Parvana Hartenstein
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
| | - Samuel Asanad
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
| | - Kian Asanad
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
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Yoshimura R, Suetsugu T, Endo Y. Serotonergic transmission and gap junctional coupling in proventricular muscle cells in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 99:122-129. [PMID: 28433752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The visceral muscle tissues of insects consist of striated muscle cells. The mechanisms responsible for delivering signals to the contractile muscles in the insect digestive tract remain unclear. We found that serotonergic nerves innervate the hemocoel surfaces of foregut and midgut muscles in the American cockroach. Electron microscopy of the neuromuscular junctions in the proventriculus (gizzard) revealed typical synaptic structures, the accumulation of large core/cored vesicles (neuropeptides) and small clear vesicle (neurotransmitter) at presynapses, and synaptic clefts. However, only a limited number of muscle cells, which were located in the outer part of the muscle layer, came into contact with synapses, which contained classical neurotransmitters, such as glutamate. A gap junction channel-permeable fluorescent dye, Lucifer yellow, was microinjected into single muscle cells, and it subsequently spread to several neighboring muscle cells. The dye movement occurred in the radial (hemocoel-lumen) direction rather than tangential directions. A gap junction blocker, octanol, reversibly inhibited the dye coupling. Messenger RNA for innexin 2, a gap junction-related protein, was detected in the proventriculus. These results suggest that motile signals in the insect digestive tract only reach the outermost part of the visceral muscles and are propagated to the inner muscle cells via gap junctions. Therefore, invertebrate gap junction-related proteins have potential as new targets for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Yoshimura
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Taeko Suetsugu
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Endo
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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Bodláková K, Jedlička P, Kodrík D. Adipokinetic hormones control amylase activity in the cockroach (Periplaneta americana) gut. INSECT SCIENCE 2017; 24:259-269. [PMID: 26782629 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the biochemical characteristics of α-amylase and hormonal (adipokinetic hormone: AKH) stimulation of α-amylase activity in the cockroach (Periplaneta americana) midgut. We applied two AKHs in vivo and in vitro, then measured resultant amylase activity and gene expression, as well as the expression of AKH receptor (AKHR). The results revealed that optimal amylase activity is characterized by the following: pH: 5.7, temperature: 38.4 °C, Km (Michaelis-Menten constant): 2.54 mg starch/mL, and Vmax (maximum reaction velocity): 0.185 μmol maltose/mL/min. In vivo application of AKHs resulted in significant increase of amylase activity: by two-fold in the gastric caeca and 4-7 fold in the rest of the midgut. In vitro experiments supported results seen in vivo: a 24-h incubation with the hormones resulted in the increase of amylase activity by 1.4 times in the caeca and 4-9 times in the midgut. Further, gene expression analyses reveal that AKHR is expressed in both the caeca and the rest of the midgut, although expression levels in the former were 23 times higher than levels in the latter. A similar pattern was found for the amylase (AMY) gene. Hormonal treatment did not affect the expression of either gene. This study is the first to provide evidence indicating direct AKH stimulation of digestive enzyme activity in the insect midgut, supported by specific AKHR gene expression in this organ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavel Jedlička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, CAS, Flemingovo sq. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Kodrík
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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