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Wallace R, Bliss CM, Parker AL. The Immune System-A Double-Edged Sword for Adenovirus-Based Therapies. Viruses 2024; 16:973. [PMID: 38932265 PMCID: PMC11209478 DOI: 10.3390/v16060973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic adenovirus (Ad) infections are widespread but typically mild and transient, except in the immunocompromised. As vectors for gene therapy, vaccine, and oncology applications, Ad-based platforms offer advantages, including ease of genetic manipulation, scale of production, and well-established safety profiles, making them attractive tools for therapeutic development. However, the immune system often poses a significant challenge that must be overcome for adenovirus-based therapies to be truly efficacious. Both pre-existing anti-Ad immunity in the population as well as the rapid development of an immune response against engineered adenoviral vectors can have detrimental effects on the downstream impact of an adenovirus-based therapeutic. This review focuses on the different challenges posed, including pre-existing natural immunity and anti-vector immunity induced by a therapeutic, in the context of innate and adaptive immune responses. We summarise different approaches developed with the aim of tackling these problems, as well as their outcomes and potential future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Wallace
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (R.W.); (C.M.B.)
| | - Carly M. Bliss
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (R.W.); (C.M.B.)
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Alan L. Parker
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (R.W.); (C.M.B.)
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
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2
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Zangi AR, Amiri A, Pazooki P, Soltanmohammadi F, Hamishehkar H, Javadzadeh Y. Non-viral and viral delivery systems for hemophilia A therapy: recent development and prospects. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:1493-1511. [PMID: 37951852 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05459-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements have focused on enhancing factor VIII half-life and refining its delivery methods, despite the well-established knowledge that factor VIII deficiency is the main clotting protein lacking in hemophilia. Consequently, both viral and non-viral delivery systems play a crucial role in enhancing the quality of life for hemophilia patients. The utilization of viral vectors and the manipulation of non-viral vectors through targeted delivery are significant advancements in the field of cellular and molecular therapies for hemophilia. These developments contribute to the progression of treatment strategies and hold great promise for improving the overall well-being of individuals with hemophilia. This review study comprehensively explores the application of viral and non-viral vectors in cellular (specifically T cell) and molecular therapy approaches, such as RNA, monoclonal antibody (mAb), and CRISPR therapeutics, with the aim of addressing the challenges in hemophilia treatment. By examining these innovative strategies, the study aims to shed light on potential solutions to enhance the efficacy and outcomes of hemophilia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rajabi Zangi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166-15731, Iran
| | - Ala Amiri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouya Pazooki
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Soltanmohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166-15731, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, 5166-15731, Iran
| | - Yousef Javadzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166-15731, Iran.
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3
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Yang Q, Wang J, Chen Z. Conditional splicing system for tight control of viral overlapping genes. J Virol 2024; 98:e0024224. [PMID: 38446633 PMCID: PMC11019872 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00242-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral genomes frequently harbor overlapping genes, complicating the development of virus-vectored vaccines and gene therapies. This study introduces a novel conditional splicing system to precisely control the expression of such overlapping genes through recombinase-mediated conditional splicing. We refined site-specific recombinase (SSR) conditional splicing systems and explored their mechanisms. The systems demonstrated exceptional inducibility (116,700-fold increase) with negligible background expression, facilitating the conditional expression of overlapping genes in adenovirus-associated virus (AAV) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Notably, this approach enabled the establishment of stable AAV producer cell lines, encapsulating all necessary packaging genes. Our findings underscore the potential of the SSR-conditional splicing system to significantly advance vector engineering, enhancing the efficacy and scalability of viral-vector-based therapies and vaccines. IMPORTANCE Regulating overlapping genes is vital for gene therapy and vaccine development using viral vectors. The regulation of overlapping genes presents challenges, including cytotoxicity and impacts on vector capacity and genome stability, which restrict stable packaging cell line development and broad application. To address these challenges, we present a "loxp-splice-loxp"-based conditional splicing system, offering a novel solution for conditional expression of overlapping genes and stable cell line establishment. This system may also regulate other cytotoxic genes, representing a significant advancement in cell engineering and gene therapy as well as biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlin Wang
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
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4
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Khoshandam M, Soltaninejad H, Mousazadeh M, Hamidieh AA, Hosseinkhani S. Clinical applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing system: Delivery options and challenges in precision medicine. Genes Dis 2024; 11:268-282. [PMID: 37588217 PMCID: PMC10425811 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 is an effective gene editing tool with broad applications for the prevention or treatment of numerous diseases. It depends on CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) as a bacterial immune system and plays as a gene editing tool. Due to the higher specificity and efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 compared to other editing approaches, it has been broadly investigated to treat numerous hereditary and acquired illnesses, including cancers, hemolytic diseases, immunodeficiency disorders, cardiovascular diseases, visual maladies, neurodegenerative conditions, and a few X-linked disorders. CRISPR/Cas9 system has been used to treat cancers through a variety of approaches, with stable gene editing techniques. Here, the applications and clinical trials of CRISPR/Cas9 in various illnesses are described. Due to its high precision and efficiency, CRISPR/Cas9 strategies may treat gene-related illnesses by deleting, inserting, modifying, or blocking the expression of specific genes. The most challenging barrier to the in vivo use of CRISPR/Cas9 like off-target effects will be discussed. The use of transfection vehicles for CRISPR/Cas9, including viral vectors (such as an Adeno-associated virus (AAV)), and the development of non-viral vectors is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Khoshandam
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Qom Branch, Qom 3716986466, Iran
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran 14155-6463, Iran
| | - Hossein Soltaninejad
- Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6559, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Mousazadeh
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Hamidieh
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6559, Iran
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran
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5
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Li C, Liu Z, Anderson J, Liu Z, Tang L, Li Y, Peng N, Chen J, Liu X, Fu L, Townes TM, Rowe SM, Bedwell DM, Guimbellot J, Zhao R. Prime editing-mediated correction of the CFTR W1282X mutation in iPSCs and derived airway epithelial cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295009. [PMID: 38019847 PMCID: PMC10686454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A major unmet need in the cystic fibrosis (CF) therapeutic landscape is the lack of effective treatments for nonsense CFTR mutations, which affect approximately 10% of CF patients. Correction of nonsense CFTR mutations via genomic editing represents a promising therapeutic approach. In this study, we tested whether prime editing, a novel CRISPR-based genomic editing method, can be a potential therapeutic modality to correct nonsense CFTR mutations. We generated iPSCs from a CF patient homozygous for the CFTR W1282X mutation. We demonstrated that prime editing corrected one mutant allele in iPSCs, which effectively restored CFTR function in iPSC-derived airway epithelial cells and organoids. We further demonstrated that prime editing may directly repair mutations in iPSC-derived airway epithelial cells when the prime editing machinery is efficiently delivered by helper-dependent adenovirus (HDAd). Together, our data demonstrated that prime editing may potentially be applied to correct CFTR mutations such as W1282X.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Zhong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Justin Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Zhongyu Liu
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Liping Tang
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Yao Li
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Ning Peng
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jianguo Chen
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Xueming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Processing and Intelligent Control, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lianwu Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Tim M. Townes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Steven M. Rowe
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - David M. Bedwell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Guimbellot
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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6
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Lotfi M, Morshedi Rad D, Mashhadi SS, Ashouri A, Mojarrad M, Mozaffari-Jovin S, Farrokhi S, Hashemi M, Lotfi M, Ebrahimi Warkiani M, Abbaszadegan MR. Recent Advances in CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery Approaches for Therapeutic Gene Editing of Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2576-2596. [PMID: 37723364 PMCID: PMC10661828 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10585-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Rapid advancement in genome editing technologies has provided new promises for treating neoplasia, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and monogenic disorders. Recently, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system has emerged as a powerful gene editing tool offering advantages, including high editing efficiency and low cost over the conventional approaches. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), with their great proliferation and differentiation potential into different cell types, have been exploited in stem cell-based therapy. The potential of hPSCs and the capabilities of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing has been paradigm-shifting in medical genetics for over two decades. Since hPSCs are categorized as hard-to-transfect cells, there is a critical demand to develop an appropriate and effective approach for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery into these cells. This review focuses on various strategies for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Lotfi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Dorsa Morshedi Rad
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Samaneh Sharif Mashhadi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atefeh Ashouri
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sina Mozaffari-Jovin
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shima Farrokhi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Hashemi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Lotfi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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7
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Wang H, Georgakopoulou A, Zhang W, Kim J, Gil S, Ehrhardt A, Lieber A. HDAd6/35++ - A new helper-dependent adenovirus vector platform for in vivo transduction of hematopoietic stem cells. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 29:213-226. [PMID: 37081854 PMCID: PMC10111954 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies, we achieved safe and efficient in vivo hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transduction in mobilized mice and macaques with intravenously injected helper-dependent adenovirus HDAd5/35++ vectors. These vectors are derivatives of serotype Ad5-containing CD46-affinity enhanced Ad35 fiber knob domains. Considering the impact of anti-Ad5/HDAd5/35++ neutralizing serum antibodies present in the human population, we generated HSC-retargeted HDAd6/35++ vectors derived from serotype 6. We found a lower prevalence and titers of serum anti-HDAd6/35++ in human samples compared with HDAd5/35++. HDAd6/35++ vectors efficiently transduced human and rhesus CD34+ cells in vitro. Intravenous injection of HDAd5/35++-GFP or HDAd6/35++-GFP vectors after G-CSF/AMD3100 mobilization of mice with established human hematopoiesis or human CD46 transgenic mice resulted in comparable GFP marking rates in HSCs in the bone marrow and spleen. In long-term in vivo HSC transduction and selection studies with integrating vectors, stable GFP expression in >75% of PBMCs was show for both vectors. In contrast with HDAd5/35++, undesired transduction of hepatocytes was minimal with HDAd6/35++. Furthermore, HDAd6/35++ allowed for efficient in vivo HSC transduction in Ad5-pre-immune mice. These features, together with the straightforward production of HDAd6/35++ vectors at high yield, make this new HDAd vector platform attractive for clinical translation of the in vivo approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Wang
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Aphrodite Georgakopoulou
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Jiho Kim
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sucheol Gil
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - André Lieber
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology and Lab, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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8
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Farzanehpour M, Miri A, Ghorbani Alvanegh A, Esmaeili Gouvarchinghaleh H. Viral Vectors, Exosomes, and Vexosomes: Potential Armamentarium for Delivering CRISPR/Cas to Cancer Cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115555. [PMID: 37075815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The underlying cause of cancer is genetic disruption, so gene editing technologies, particularly CRISPR/Cas systems can be used to go against cancer. The field of gene therapy has undergone many transitions over its 40-year history. Despite its many successes, it has also suffered many failures in the battle against malignancies, causing really adverse effects instead of therapeutic outcomes. At the tip of this double-edged sword are viral and non-viral-based vectors, which have profoundly transformed the way scientists and clinicians develop therapeutic platforms. Viruses such as lentivirus, adenovirus, and adeno-associated viruses are the most common viral vectors used for delivering the CRISPR/Cas system into human cells. In addition, among non-viral vectors, exosomes, especially tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs), have proven to be quite effective at delivering this gene editing tool. The combined use of viral vectors and exosomes, called vexosomes, seems to be a solution to overcoming the obstacles of both delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Farzanehpour
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Miri
- Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Li C, Anderson AK, Wang H, Gil S, Kim J, Huang L, Germond A, Baldessari A, Nelson V, Bar KJ, Peterson CW, Bui J, Kiem HP, Lieber A. Stable HIV decoy receptor expression after in vivo HSC transduction in mice and NHPs: Safety and efficacy in protection from SHIV. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1059-1073. [PMID: 36760126 PMCID: PMC10124088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We aim to develop an in vivo hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy approach for persistent control/protection of HIV-1 infection based on the stable expression of a secreted decoy protein for HIV receptors CD4 and CCR5 (eCD4-Ig) from blood cells. HSCs in mice and a rhesus macaque were mobilized from the bone marrow and transduced by an intravenous injection of HSC-tropic, integrating HDAd5/35++ vectors expressing rhesus eCD4-Ig. In vivo HSC transduction/selection resulted in stable serum eCD4-Ig levels of ∼100 μg/mL (mice) and >20 μg/mL (rhesus) with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of 1 μg/mL measured by an HIV neutralization assay. After simian-human-immunodeficiency virus D (SHIV.D) challenge of rhesus macaques injected with HDAd-eCD4-Ig or a control HDAd5/35++ vector, peak plasma viral load levels were ∼50-fold lower in the eCD4-Ig-expressing animal. Furthermore, the viral load was lower in tissues with the highest eCD4-Ig expression, specifically the spleen and lymph nodes. SHIV.D challenge triggered a selective expansion of transduced CD4+CCR5+ cells, thereby increasing serum eCD4-Ig levels. The latter, however, broke immune tolerance and triggered anti-eCD4-Ig antibody responses, which could have contributed to the inability to eliminate SHIV.D. Our data will guide us in the improvement of the in vivo approach. Clearly, our conclusions need to be validated in larger animal cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Anna Kate Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sucheol Gil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jiho Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lishan Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Audrey Germond
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Division of Regenerative Medicine and Gene Therapy, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Audrey Baldessari
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Division of Regenerative Medicine and Gene Therapy, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Veronica Nelson
- Stem and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Katharine J Bar
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher W Peterson
- Stem and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Washington National Primate Research Center, Division of Regenerative Medicine and Gene Therapy, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John Bui
- Stem and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infection Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Stem and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Washington National Primate Research Center, Division of Regenerative Medicine and Gene Therapy, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - André Lieber
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Washington National Primate Research Center, Division of Regenerative Medicine and Gene Therapy, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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10
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Gonzalez-Aparicio M, Bunuales M, de Landazuri IO, Prieto J, Hernandez-Alcoceba R. Application of a split-Cre system for high-capacity adenoviral vector amplification. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2200227. [PMID: 36478401 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202200227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS High-capacity adenoviral vectors (HC-AdV) show extended DNA payload and stability of gene expression in vivo due to the absence of viral coding sequences. However, production requires methods to trans-complement viral proteins, usually through Helper Viruses (HV). The Cre/loxP system is frequently employed to remove the packaging signal in HV genomes, in order to avoid their encapsidation. However, chronic exposure to the Cre recombinase in packaging cells is detrimental. We have applied the dimerizable Cre system to overcome this limitation. METHODS AND RESULTS Cre was split in two fragments devoid of recombinase function (N-terminal 244 and C-terminal 99 amino-acids). In one version of the system, interaction with both moieties was favored by rapamycin-dependent heterodimerization domains (DiCre). Other version contained only Cre sequences (oCre). We generated packaging cells and HVs expressing the complementary fragments and studied their performance for HC-AdV production. We found that both conformations avoided interference with the growth of packaging cells, and the oCre system was particularly suitable for HC-AdV amplification. CONCLUSIONS The split-Cre system improves the performance of packaging cells and can reduce the time and cost of HC-AdV amplification up to 30% and 15%, respectively. This may contribute to the standardization of HC-AdV production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Gonzalez-Aparicio
- University of Navarra, CIMA, Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Navarra Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Bunuales
- University of Navarra, CIMA, Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Navarra Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñaki Ortiz de Landazuri
- University of Navarra, CIMA, Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Navarra Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesus Prieto
- University of Navarra, CIMA, Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Navarra Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruben Hernandez-Alcoceba
- University of Navarra, CIMA, Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Navarra Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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11
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Ahmadi SE, Soleymani M, Shahriyary F, Amirzargar MR, Ofoghi M, Fattahi MD, Safa M. Viral vectors and extracellular vesicles: innate delivery systems utilized in CRISPR/Cas-mediated cancer therapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2023:10.1038/s41417-023-00597-z. [PMID: 36854897 PMCID: PMC9971689 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00597-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Gene editing-based therapeutic strategies grant the power to override cell machinery and alter faulty genes contributing to disease development like cancer. Nowadays, the principal tool for gene editing is the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system. In order to bring this gene-editing system from the bench to the bedside, a significant hurdle remains, and that is the delivery of CRISPR/Cas to various target cells in vivo and in vitro. The CRISPR-Cas system can be delivered into mammalian cells using various strategies; among all, we have reviewed recent research around two natural gene delivery systems that have been proven to be compatible with human cells. Herein, we have discussed the advantages and limitations of viral vectors, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in delivering the CRISPR/Cas system for cancer therapy purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Esmaeil Ahmadi
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maral Soleymani
- grid.411230.50000 0000 9296 6873School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Shahriyary
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Amirzargar
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahya Ofoghi
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Tehran Hospital of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411600.2Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Davood Fattahi
- grid.411600.2Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Safa
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Yang M, Zhang Y, Li M, Liu X, Darvishi M. The various role of microRNAs in breast cancer angiogenesis, with a special focus on novel miRNA-based delivery strategies. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:24. [PMID: 36765409 PMCID: PMC9912632 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
After skin malignancy, breast cancer is the most widely recognized cancer detected in women in the United States. Breast cancer (BCa) can happen in all kinds of people, but it's much more common in women. One in four cases of cancer and one in six deaths due to cancer are related to breast cancer. Angiogenesis is an essential factor in the growth of tumors and metastases in various malignancies. An expanded level of angiogenesis is related to diminished endurance in BCa patients. This function assumes a fundamental part inside the human body, from the beginning phases of life to dangerous malignancy. Various factors, referred to as angiogenic factors, work to make a new capillary. Expanding proof demonstrates that angiogenesis is managed by microRNAs (miRNAs), which are small non-coding RNA with 19-25 nucleotides. MiRNA is a post-transcriptional regulator of gene expression that controls many critical biological processes. Endothelial miRNAs, referred to as angiomiRs, are probably concerned with tumor improvement and angiogenesis via regulation of pro-and anti-angiogenic factors. In this article, we reviewed therapeutic functions of miRNAs in BCa angiogenesis, several novel delivery carriers for miRNA-based therapeutics, as well as CRISPR/Cas9 as a targeted therapy in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132101 China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132101 China
| | - Min Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132101 China
| | - Xinglong Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132101 China
| | - Mohammad Darvishi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center (IDTMRC), Department of Aerospace and Subaquatic Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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MicroRNAs in T Cell-Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010250. [PMID: 36613706 PMCID: PMC9820302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as master regulators of gene expression in homeostasis and disease. Despite the rapidly growing body of evidence on the theranostic potential of restoring miRNA levels in pre-clinical models, the translation into clinics remains limited. Here, we review the current knowledge of miRNAs as T-cell targeting immunotherapeutic tools, and we offer an overview of the recent advances in miRNA delivery strategies, clinical trials and future perspectives in RNA interference technologies.
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14
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García M, Bonafont J, Martínez-Palacios J, Xu R, Turchiano G, Svensson S, Thrasher AJ, Larcher F, Del Rio M, Hernández-Alcoceba R, Garín MI, Mencía Á, Murillas R. Preclinical model for phenotypic correction of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa by in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 delivery using adenoviral vectors. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 27:96-108. [PMID: 36212909 PMCID: PMC9531050 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, a devastating skin fragility disease characterized by recurrent skin blistering, scarring, and a high risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma is caused by mutations in COL7A1, the gene encoding type VII collagen, which is the major component of the anchoring fibrils that bind the dermis and epidermis. Ex vivo correction of COL7A1 by gene editing in patients' cells has been achieved before. However, in vivo editing approaches are necessary to address the direct treatment of the blistering lesions characteristic of this disease. We have now generated adenoviral vectors for CRISPR-Cas9 delivery to remove exon 80 of COL7A1, which contains a highly prevalent frameshift mutation in Spanish patients. For in vivo testing, a humanized skin mouse model was used. Efficient viral transduction of skin was observed after excisional wounds generated with a surgical punch on regenerated patient skin grafts were filled with the adenoviral vectors embedded in a fibrin gel. Type VII collagen deposition in the basement membrane zone of the wounded areas treated with the vectors correlated with restoration of dermal-epidermal adhesion, demonstrating that recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) patient skin lesions can be directly treated by CRISPR-Cas9 delivery in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta García
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carlos III University (UC3M), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Bonafont
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology Unit, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jesús Martínez-Palacios
- Unidad de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rudan Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carlos III University (UC3M), Madrid, Spain
| | - Giandomenico Turchiano
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stina Svensson
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adrian J. Thrasher
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Fernando Larcher
- Unidad de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela Del Rio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carlos III University (UC3M), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Hernández-Alcoceba
- Universidad de Navarra, CIMA, Programa de Terapia Génica y Regulación de la Expresión Génica, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marina I. Garín
- Unidad de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Mencía
- Unidad de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Murillas
- Unidad de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Araújo NM, Rubio IGS, Toneto NPA, Morale MG, Tamura RE. The use of adenoviral vectors in gene therapy and vaccine approaches. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 45:e20220079. [PMID: 36206378 PMCID: PMC9543183 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus was first identified in the 1950s and since then this pathogenic group
of viruses has been explored and transformed into a genetic transfer vehicle.
Modification or deletion of few genes are necessary to transform it into a
conditionally or non-replicative vector, creating a versatile tool capable of
transducing different tissues and inducing high levels of transgene expression.
In the early years of vector development, the application in monogenic diseases
faced several hurdles, including short-term gene expression and even a fatality.
On the other hand, an adenoviral delivery strategy for treatment of cancer was
the first approved gene therapy product. There is an increasing interest in
expressing transgenes with therapeutic potential targeting the cancer hallmarks,
inhibiting metastasis, inducing cancer cell death or modulating the immune
system to attack the tumor cells. Replicative adenovirus as vaccines may be even
older and date to a few years of its discovery, application of non-replicative
adenovirus for vaccination against different microorganisms has been
investigated, but only recently, it demonstrated its full potential being one of
the leading vaccination tools for COVID-19. This is not a new vector nor a new
technology, but the result of decades of careful and intense work in this
field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Meneses Araújo
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular
do Câncer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ileana Gabriela Sanchez Rubio
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular
do Câncer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. ,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências
Biológicas, Diadema, SP, Brazil. ,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Ciências
Moleculares da Tireóide, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Mirian Galliote Morale
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular
do Câncer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. ,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências
Biológicas, Diadema, SP, Brazil. ,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Ciências
Moleculares da Tireóide, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Esaki Tamura
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular
do Câncer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. ,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências
Biológicas, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
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16
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Tian J, Xu Z, Moitra R, Palmer DJ, Ng P, Byrnes AP. Binding of adenovirus species C hexon to prothrombin and the influence of hexon on vector properties in vitro and in vivo. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010859. [PMID: 36156097 PMCID: PMC9536601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of adenovirus (Ad) vectors are based on human Ad type 5, which is a member of Ad species C. Species C also includes the closely-related types 1, 2, 6, 57 and 89. It is known that coagulation factors bind to Ad5 hexon and play a key role in the liver tropism of Ad5 vectors, but it is unclear how coagulation factors affect vectors derived from other species C Ads. We evaluated species C Ad vectors both in vitro and following intravenous injection in mice. To assess the impact of hexon differences, we constructed chimeric Ad5 vectors that contain the hexon hypervariable regions from other species C types, including vectors with hexon mutations that decreased coagulation factor binding. After intravenous injection into mice, vectors with Ad5 or Ad6 hexon had strong liver tropism, while vectors with chimeric hexon from other Ad types had weaker liver tropism due to inhibition by natural antibodies and complement. In addition, we discovered a novel ability of hexon to bind prothrombin, which is the most abundant coagulation factor in blood, and we found striking differences in the affinity of Ads for human, mouse and bovine coagulation factors. When compared to Ad5, vectors with non-Ad5 species C hexons had considerably higher affinity for both human and mouse prothrombin. Most of the vectors tested were strongly dependent on coagulation factors for liver transduction, but vectors with chimeric Ad6 hexon showed much less dependence on coagulation factors than other vectors. We found that in vitro neutralization experiments with mouse serum predicted in vivo behavior of Ad5 vectors, but in vitro experiments did not predict the in vivo behavior of vectors based on other Ad types. In sum, hexons from different human Ad species C viruses confer diverse properties on vectors, including differing abilities to target the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tian
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zhili Xu
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rituparna Moitra
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Donna J. Palmer
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Philip Ng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Andrew P. Byrnes
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Bhujbal S, Bhujbal R, Giram P. An overview: CRISPR/Cas-based gene editing for viral vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1581-1593. [PMID: 35959589 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2112952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : Gene-editing technology revolutionized vaccine manufacturing and offers a variety of benefits over traditional vaccinations, such as improved immune response, higher production rate, stability, precise immunogenic activity, and fewer adverse effects. The more recently discovered Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/associated protein 9 (Cas9) system has become the most widely utilized technology based on its efficiency, utility, flexibility, versatility, ease of use, and cheaper compared to other gene-editing techniques. Considering its wider scope for genomic modification, CRISPR/Cas9-based technology's potential is explored for vaccine development. AREAS COVERED : In this review, we will address the recent advances in the CRISPR/Cas system for the development of vaccines and viral vectors for delivery. In addition, we will discuss strategies for the development of the vaccine, as well as the limitations and future prospects of the CRISPR/Cas system. EXPERT OPINION : Human and animal viruses have been exposed to antiviral CRISPR/Cas9-based engineering to prevent infection, which uses knockout, knock-in, gene activation/deactivation, RNA targeting, and editing cell lines strategies for gene editing of viruses. Because of that CRISPR/Cas system is used to boost the vaccine production yield by removing unwanted genes that cause disease or are required for viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Bhujbal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Sant. Tukaram Nagar Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra (India) -411018
| | - Rushikesh Bhujbal
- Department of Quality Assurance Technique, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Sant. Tukaram Nagar Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra (India) -411018
| | - Prabhanjan Giram
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Sant. Tukaram Nagar Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra (India) -411018.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA- 14260-1660
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18
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Ssenyange G, Kerfoot M, Zhao M, Farhadian S, Chen S, Peng L, Ren P, Dela Cruz CS, Gupta S, Sutton RE. Development of an efficient reproducible cell-cell transmission assay for rapid quantification of SARS-CoV-2 spike interaction with hACE2. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100252. [PMID: 35757815 PMCID: PMC9213030 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Efficient quantitative assays for measurement of viral replication and infectivity are indispensable for future endeavors to develop prophylactic or therapeutic antiviral drugs or vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. We developed a SARS-CoV-2 cell-cell transmission assay that provides a rapid and quantitative readout to assess SARS-CoV-2 spike hACE2 interaction in the absence of pseudotyped particles or live virus. We established two well-behaved stable cell lines, which demonstrated a remarkable correlation with standard cell-free viral pseudotyping for inhibition by convalescent sera, small-molecule drugs, and murine anti-spike monoclonal antibodies. The assay is rapid, reliable, and highly reproducible, without a requirement for any specialized research reagents or laboratory equipment and should be easy to adapt for use in most investigative and clinical settings. It can be effectively used or modified for high-throughput screening for compounds and biologics that interfere with virus-cell binding and entry to complement other neutralization assays currently in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Ssenyange
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Maya Kerfoot
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Shelli Farhadian
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sidi Chen
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Lei Peng
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ping Ren
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Charles S. Dela Cruz
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Shaili Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Healthcare Systems of Connecticut, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Richard E. Sutton
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Healthcare Systems of Connecticut, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
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19
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Shoushtari M, Roohvand F, Salehi-Vaziri M, Arashkia A, Bakhshi H, Azadmanesh K. Adenovirus vector-based vaccines as forefront approaches in fighting the battle against flaviviruses. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2079323. [PMID: 35714271 PMCID: PMC9481145 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2079323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) that have been recently considered among the significant public health problems in defined geographical regions. In this line, there have been vaccines approved for some flaviviruses including dengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), yellow fever virus (YFV), and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), although the efficiency of such vaccines thought to be questionable. Surprisingly, there are no effective vaccine for many other hazardous flaviviruses, including West Nile and Zika viruses. Furthermore, in spite of approved vaccines for some flaviviruses, for example DENV, alternative prophylactic vaccines seem to be still needed for the protection of a broader population, and it originates from the unsatisfying safety, and the efficacy of vaccines that have been introduced. Thus, adenovirus vector-based vaccine candidates are suggested to be effective, safe, and reliable. Interestingly, recent widespread use of adenovirus vector-based vaccines for the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the importance and feasibility of their widespread application. In this review, the applicability of adenovirus vector-based vaccines, as promising approaches to harness the diseases caused by Flaviviruses, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farzin Roohvand
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Salehi-Vaziri
- Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Bakhshi
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kayhan Azadmanesh
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world, which is the second after heart diseases. Adenoviruses (Ads) have become the promise of new therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. The objective of this review is to discuss current advances in the applications of adenoviral vectors in cancer therapy. Adenoviral vectors can be engineered in different ways so as to change the tumor microenvironment from cold tumor to hot tumor, including; 1. by modifying Ads to deliver transgenes that codes for tumor suppressor gene (p53) and other proteins whose expression result in cell cycle arrest 2. Ads can also be modified to express tumor specific antigens, cytokines, and other immune-modulatory molecules. The other strategy to use Ads in cancer therapy is to use oncolytic adenoviruses, which directly kills tumor cells. Gendicine and Advexin are replication-defective recombinant human p53 adenoviral vectors that have been shown to be effective against several types of cancer. Gendicine was approved for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration (FDA) agency in 2003 as a first-ever gene therapy product. Oncorine and ONYX-015 are oncolytic adenoviral vectors that have been shown to be effective against some types of cancer. The Chiness FDA agency has also approved Oncorin for the treatment of head and neck cancer. Ads that were engineered to express immune-stimulatory cytokines and other immune-modulatory molecules such as TNF-α, IL-2, BiTE, CD40L, 4-1BBL, GM-CSF, and IFN have shown promising outcome in treatment of cancer. Ads can also improve therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapy (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells). In addition, different replication-deficient adenoviral vectors (Ad5-CEA, Ad5-PSA, Ad-E6E7, ChAdOx1-MVA and Ad-transduced Dendritic cells) that were tested as anticancer vaccines have been demonstrated to induce strong antitumor immune response. However, the use of adenoviral vectors in gene therapy is limited by several factors such as pre-existing immunity to adenoviral vectors and high immunogenicity of the viruses. Thus, innovative strategies must be continually developed so as to overcome the obstacles of using adenoviral vectors in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sintayehu Tsegaye Tseha
- Lecturer of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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21
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In vivo HSC transduction in rhesus macaques with an HDAd5/3+ vector targeting desmoglein 2 and transiently over-expressing cxcr4. Blood Adv 2022; 6:4360-4372. [PMID: 35679480 PMCID: PMC9636333 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a new in vivo hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy approach that involves only intravenous injections and does not require myeloablation/conditioning and HSC transplantation. In this approach, HSCs are mobilized from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood stream and transduced with intravenously injected helper-dependent adenovirus (HDAd) vectors. A fraction of transduced HSCs returns to the bone marrow and persists there long-term. Here, we report desmoglein 2 (DSG2) as a new receptor that can be employed for in in vivo HSC transduction. We developed HDAd5/3+ vectors that use DSG2 as a high-affinity attachment receptor and studied in vivo HSC transduction and safety after intravenous injection of an HDAd5/3+GFP vector in G-CSF/AMD3100(Plerixafor)-mobilized rhesus macaques. Unlike previously used CD46-targeting HDAd5/35++ vectors, HDAd5/3+ virions were not sequestered by rhesus erythrocytes and therefore mediated ~10-fold higher GFP marking rates in primitive HSCs (CD34+/CD45RA-/CD90+ cells) in the bone marrow at day 7 after vector injection. To further increase the return of in vivo transduced, mobilized HSCs to the bone marrow, we transiently expressed CXC motif chemokine receptor 4 (cxcr4) in mobilized HSCs from the HDAd5/3+ vector. In vivo transduction with a HDAd5/3+GFP/cxcr4 vector at a low dose of 0.4x1012vp/kg resulted in up to 7% of GFP-positive CD34+/CD45RA-/CD90+ cells in the bone marrow. This transduction rate is a solid basis for in vivo base or prime editing in combination with natural or drug-induced expansion of edited HSCs. Furthermore, our study provides new insights into HSC biology and trafficking after mobilization in non-human primates.
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22
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HydrAd: A Helper-Dependent Adenovirus Targeting Multiple Immune Pathways for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112769. [PMID: 35681750 PMCID: PMC9179443 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Solid tumors are highly immunosuppressive and develop multiple inhibitory mechanisms that must be targeted simultaneously for successful cancer immunotherapy. Adenoviral vectors are promising cancer gene therapy vectors due to their inherent ability to stimulate multiple immune pathways. Adenoviruses are well characterized, and their genomes are easily manipulated, allowing for therapeutic transgene expression. Oncolytic adenoviruses are engineered to replicate specifically in malignant cells, resulting in cancer cell lysis. However, oncolytic adenoviral vectors have limited transgene capacity. Helper-dependent adenoviral vectors have been developed with the capability of expressing multiple transgenes through removal of all viral coding sequences. We have developed a helper-dependent platform for cancer immunotherapy and demonstrate expression of up to four functional transgenes. This platform allows us to target tumors with specific inhibitory pathways using our library of immunomodulatory transgenes in a mix-and-match approach for a synchronized cancer immunotherapy strategy. Abstract For decades, Adenoviruses (Ads) have been staple cancer gene therapy vectors. Ads are highly immunogenic, making them effective adjuvants. These viruses have well characterized genomes, allowing for substantial modifications including capsid chimerism and therapeutic transgene insertion. Multiple generations of Ad vectors have been generated with reduced or enhanced immunogenicity, depending on their intended purpose, and with increased transgene capacity. The latest-generation Ad vector is the Helper-dependent Ad (HDAd), in which all viral coding sequences are removed from the genome, leaving only the cis-acting ITRs and packaging sequences, providing up to 34 kb of transgene capacity. Although HDAds are replication incompetent, their innate immunogenicity remains intact. Therefore, the HDAd is an ideal cancer gene therapy vector as its infection results in anti-viral immune stimulation that can be enhanced or redirected towards the tumor via transgene expression. Co-infection of tumor cells with an oncolytic Ad and an HDAd results in tumor cell lysis and amplification of HDAd-encoded transgene expression. Here, we describe an HDAd-based cancer gene therapy expressing multiple classes of immunomodulatory molecules to simultaneously stimulate multiple axes of immune pathways: the HydrAd. Overall, the HydrAd platform represents a promising cancer immunotherapy agent against complex solid tumors.
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23
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Pouya FD, Rasmi Y, Gazouli M, Zografos E, Nemati M. MicroRNAs as therapeutic targets in breast cancer metastasis. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:1029-1046. [PMID: 33987801 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00999-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex disease with multiple risk factors involved in its pathogenesis. Among these factors, microRNAs are considered for playing a fundamental role in the development and progression of malignant breast tumors. In recent years, various studies have demonstrated that several microRNAs exhibit increased or decreased expression in metastatic breast cancer, acting as indicators of metastatic potential in body fluids and tissue samples. The identification of these microRNA expression patterns could prove instrumental for the development of novel therapeutic molecules that either mimic or inhibit microRNA action. Additionally, an efficient delivery system mediated by viral vectors, nonviral carriers, or scaffold biomaterials is a prerequisite for implementing microRNA-based therapies; therefore, this review attempts to highlight essential microRNA molecules involved in the metastatic process of breast cancer and discuss recent advances in microRNA-based therapeutic approaches with potential future applications to the treatment sequence of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahima Danesh Pouya
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yousef Rasmi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Zografos
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Mohadeseh Nemati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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24
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Phillips S, Ramos PV, Veeraraghavan P, Young SM. VikAD, a Vika site-specific recombinase-based system for efficient and scalable helper-dependent adenovirus production. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 24:117-126. [PMID: 35024378 PMCID: PMC8718833 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant viral vectors have become integral tools for basic in vivo research applications. Helper-dependent adenoviral (HdAd) vectors have a large packaging capacity of ∼36 kb of DNA that mediate long-term transgene expression in vitro and in vivo. The large carrying capacity of HdAd enables basic research or clinical applications requiring the delivery of large genes or multiple transgenes, which cannot be packaged into other widely used viral vectors. Currently, common HdAd production systems use an Ad helper virus (HV) with a packaging signal (Ψ) that is flanked by either loxP or FRT sites, which is excised in producer cells expressing Cre or Flp recombinases to prevent HV packaging. However, these production systems prevent the use of HdAd vectors for genetic strategies that rely on Cre or Flp recombination for cell-type-specific expression. To overcome these limitations, we developed the VikAD production system, which is based on producer cells expressing the Vika recombinase and an HV that contains a Ψ flanked by vox sites. The availability of this production system will greatly expand the utility and flexibility of HdAd vectors for use in research applications to monitor and manipulate cellular activity with increased specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacia Phillips
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, PBDB 5322, 169 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Paula Valino Ramos
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, PBDB 5322, 169 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Priyadharishini Veeraraghavan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, PBDB 5322, 169 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Samuel M. Young
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, PBDB 5322, 169 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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25
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Wang SW, Gao C, Zheng YM, Yi L, Lu JC, Huang XY, Cai JB, Zhang PF, Cui YH, Ke AW. Current applications and future perspective of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in cancer. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:57. [PMID: 35189910 PMCID: PMC8862238 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system provides adaptive immunity against plasmids and phages in prokaryotes. This system inspires the development of a powerful genome engineering tool, the CRISPR/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) genome editing system. Due to its high efficiency and precision, the CRISPR/Cas9 technique has been employed to explore the functions of cancer-related genes, establish tumor-bearing animal models and probe drug targets, vastly increasing our understanding of cancer genomics. Here, we review current status of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in oncological research. We first explain the basic principles of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and introduce several new CRISPR-based gene editing modes. We next detail the rapid progress of CRISPR screening in revealing tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance mechanisms. In addition, we introduce CRISPR/Cas9 system delivery vectors and finally demonstrate the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 engineering to enhance the effect of adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) and reduce adverse reactions.
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26
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Yan J, Kang DD, Turnbull G, Dong Y. Delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 system for screening and editing RNA binding proteins in cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114042. [PMID: 34767864 PMCID: PMC8724402 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play an important role in RNA metabolism, regulating the stability, localization, and functional dynamics of RNAs. Alternation in the RBP-RNA network has profound implications in cellular physiology, and is related to the development and spread of cancer in certain cases. To regulate the expression of specific genes and their biological activities, various strategies have been applied to target RBPs for cancer treatments, including small-molecule inhibitors, small-interfering RNA, peptides, and aptamers. Recently, the deployment of the CRISPR-Cas9 technology has provided a new platform for RBP screening and regulation. This review summarizes the delivery systems of the CRISPR-Cas9 system and their role in RBP-based cancer therapeutics, including identification of novel RBPs and regulation of cancer-associated RBPs. The efficient delivery of the CRISPR-Cas9 system is important to the profound understanding and clinical transition of RBPs as cancer therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Yan
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Diana D. Kang
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Gillian Turnbull
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yizhou Dong
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States,Department of Biomedical Engineering; The Center for Clinical and Translational Science; The Comprehensive Cancer Center; Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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27
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Stevanovic M, Piotter E, McClements ME, MacLaren RE. CRISPR Systems Suitable for Single AAV Vector Delivery. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 22:1-14. [PMID: 34620062 DOI: 10.2174/1566523221666211006120355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas gene editing is a revolutionary technology that can enable the correction of genetic mutations in vivo, providing great promise as a therapeutic intervention for inherited diseases. Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors are a potential vehicle for delivering CRISPR/Cas. However, they are restricted by their limited packaging capacity. Identifying smaller Cas orthologs that can be packaged, along with the required guide RNA elements, into a single AAV would be an important optimization for CRISPR/Cas gene editing. Expanding the options of Cas proteins that can be delivered by a single AAV not only increases translational application but also expands the genetic sites that can be targeted for editing. This review considers the benefits and current scope of small Cas protein orthologs that are suitable for gene editing approaches using single AAV vector delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Stevanovic
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford. United Kingdom
| | - Elena Piotter
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford. United Kingdom
| | - Michelle E McClements
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford. United Kingdom
| | - Robert E MacLaren
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford. United Kingdom
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28
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Brücher D, Franc V, Smith SN, Heck AJR, Plückthun A. Malignant tissues produce divergent antibody glycosylation of relevance for cancer gene therapy effectiveness. MAbs 2021; 12:1792084. [PMID: 32643525 PMCID: PMC7531505 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1792084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy approaches now allow for the production of therapeutic antibodies by healthy or cancerous human tissues directly in vivo, and, with an increasing number of gene delivery methods available, the cell type for expression can be chosen. Yet, little is known about the biophysical changes introduced by expressing antibodies from producer cells or tissues targeted by gene therapy approaches, nor about the consequences for the type of glycosylation. The effects of different glycosylation on therapeutic antibodies have been well studied by controlling their glycan compositions in non-human mammalian production cells, i.e., Chinese hamster ovary cells. Therefore, we investigated the glycosylation state of clinically approved antibodies secreted from cancer tissues frequently targeted by in vivo gene therapy, using native mass spectrometry and glycoproteomics. We found that antibody sialylation and fucosylation depended on the producer tissue and the antibody isotype, allowing us to identify optimal producer cell types according to the desired mode of action of the antibody. Furthermore, we discovered that high amounts (>20%) of non-glycosylated antibodies were produced in cells sensitive to the action of the produced antibodies. Different glycosylation in different producer cells can translate into an altered potency of in-vivo produced antibodies, depending on the desired mode of action, and can affect their serum half-lives. These results increase our knowledge about antibodies produced from cells targeted by gene therapy, enabling development of improved cancer gene therapy vectors that can include in vivo glycoengineering of expressed antibodies to optimize their efficacies, depending on the desired mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Brücher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vojtech Franc
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sheena N Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht , Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Proteomics Center , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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Li C, Wang H, Georgakopoulou A, Gil S, Yannaki E, Lieber A. In Vivo HSC Gene Therapy Using a Bi-modular HDAd5/35++ Vector Cures Sickle Cell Disease in a Mouse Model. Mol Ther 2021; 29:822-837. [PMID: 32949495 PMCID: PMC7854285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently reported that, after in vivo hematopoietic stem cell/progenitor (HSPC) transduction with HDAd5/35++ vectors, SB100x transposase-mediated γ-globin gene addition achieved 10%-15% γ-globin of adult mouse globin, resulting in significant but incomplete phenotypic correction in a thalassemia intermedia mouse model. Furthermore, genome editing of a γ-globin repressor binding site within the γ-globin promoter by CRISPR-Cas9 results in efficient reactivation of endogenous γ-globin. Here, we aimed to combine these two mechanisms to obtain curative levels of γ-globin after in vivo HSPC transduction. We generated a HDAd5/35++ adenovirus vector (HDAd-combo) containing both modules and tested it in vitro and after in vivo HSPC transduction in healthy CD46/β-YAC mice and in a sickle cell disease mouse model (CD46/Townes). Compared to HDAd vectors containing either the γ-globin addition or the CRISPR-Cas9 reactivation units alone, in vivo HSC transduction of CD46/Townes mice with the HDAd-combo resulted in significantly higher γ-globin in red blood cells, reaching 30% of that of adult human α and βS chains and a complete phenotypic correction of sickle cell disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Aphrodite Georgakopoulou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematology Department, George Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki 57010, Greece
| | - Sucheol Gil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Evangelia Yannaki
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematology Department, George Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki 57010, Greece
| | - André Lieber
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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30
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Brücher D, Kirchhammer N, Smith SN, Schumacher J, Schumacher N, Kolibius J, Freitag PC, Schmid M, Weiss F, Keller C, Grove M, Greber UF, Zippelius A, Plückthun A. iMATCH: an integrated modular assembly system for therapeutic combination high-capacity adenovirus gene therapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 20:572-586. [PMID: 33665227 PMCID: PMC7890373 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus-mediated combination gene therapies have shown promising results in vaccination or treating malignant and genetic diseases. Nevertheless, an efficient system for the rapid assembly and incorporation of therapeutic genes into high-capacity adenoviral vectors (HCAdVs) is still missing. In this study, we developed the iMATCH (integrated modular assembly for therapeutic combination HCAdVs) platform, which enables the generation and production of HCAdVs encoding therapeutic combinations in high quantity and purity within 3 weeks. Our modular cloning system facilitates the efficient combination of up to four expression cassettes and the rapid integration into HCAdV genomes with defined sizes. Helper viruses (HVs) and purification protocols were optimized to produce HCAdVs with distinct capsid modifications and unprecedented purity (0.1 ppm HVs). The constitution of HCAdVs, with adapters for targeting and a shield of trimerized single-chain variable fragment (scFv) for reduced liver clearance, mediated cell- and organ-specific targeting of HCAdVs. As proof of concept, we show that a single HCAdV encoding an anti PD-1 antibody, interleukin (IL)-12, and IL-2 produced all proteins, and it led to tumor regression and prolonged survival in tumor models, comparable to a mixture of single payload HCAdVs in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the iMATCH system provides a versatile platform for the generation of high-capacity gene therapy vectors with a high potential for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Brücher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Kirchhammer
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sheena N. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jatina Schumacher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Schumacher
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Kolibius
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick C. Freitag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Schmid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Weiss
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Corina Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Grove
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs F. Greber
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Zippelius
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Corresponding author: Andreas Plückthun, Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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31
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Abstract
Gene therapy is emerging as a treatment option for inherited genetic diseases. The success of this treatment approach greatly depends upon gene delivery vectors. Researchers have attempted to harness the potential of viral vectors for gene therapy applications over many decades. Among the viral vectors available, gutless adenovirus (GLAd) has been recognized as one of the most promising vectors for in vivo gene delivery. GLAd is constructed by deleting all the viral genes from an adenovirus. Owing to this structural feature, the production of GLAd requires a helper that supplies viral proteins in trans. Conventionally, the helper is an adenovirus. Although the helper adenovirus efficiently provides helper functions, it remains as an unavoidable contaminant and also generates replication-competent adenovirus (RCA) during the production of GLAd. These two undesirable contaminants have raised safety concerns and hindered the clinical applications of GLAd. Recently, we developed helper virus-free gutless adenovirus (HF-GLAd), a new version of GLAd, which is produced by a helper plasmid instead of a helper adenovirus. Utilization of this helper plasmid eliminated the helper adenovirus and RCA contamination in the production of GLAd. HF-GLAd, devoid of helper adenovirus and RCA contaminants, will facilitate its clinical applications. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of adenoviruses, the evolution and production of adenoviral vectors, and the unique features of HF-GLAd as a new platform for gene therapy. Furthermore, we highlight the potential applications of HF-GLAd as a gene delivery vector for the treatment of various inherited genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jida Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Dai-Wu Seol
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
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32
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Cao H, Ouyang H, Laselva O, Bartlett C, Zhou ZP, Duan C, Gunawardena T, Avolio J, Bear CE, Gonska T, Hu J, Moraes TJ. A helper-dependent adenoviral vector rescues CFTR to wild-type functional levels in cystic fibrosis epithelial cells harbouring class I mutations. Eur Respir J 2020; 56:13993003.00205-2020. [PMID: 32457197 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00205-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder affecting multiple organs, including the pancreas, hepatobiliary system and reproductive organs; however, lung disease is responsible for the majority of morbidity and mortality. Management of CF involves CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator agents including corrector drugs to augment cellular trafficking of mutant CFTR as well as potentiators that open defective CFTR channels. These therapies are poised to help most individuals with CF, with the notable exception of individuals with class I mutations where full-length CFTR protein is not produced. For these mutations, gene replacement has been suggested as a potential solution.In this work, we used a helper-dependent adenoviral vector (HD-CFTR) to express CFTR in nasal epithelial cell cultures derived from CF subjects with class I CFTR mutations.CFTR function was significantly restored in CF cells by HD-CFTR and reached healthy control functional levels as detected by Ussing chamber and membrane potential (FLIPR) assay. A dose-response relationship was observed between the amount of vector used and subsequent functional outcomes; small amounts of HD-CFTR were sufficient to correct CFTR function. At higher doses, HD-CFTR did not increase CFTR function in healthy control cells above baseline values. This latter observation allowed us to use this vector to benchmark in vitro efficacy testing of CFTR-modulator drugs.In summary, we demonstrate the potential for HD-CFTR to inform in vitro testing and to restore CFTR function to healthy control levels in airway cells with class I or CFTR nonsense mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibi Cao
- Programmes in Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Both authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Hong Ouyang
- Programmes in Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Both authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Onofrio Laselva
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dept of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Claire Bartlett
- Programmes in Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhichang Peter Zhou
- Programmes in Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cathleen Duan
- Programmes in Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tarini Gunawardena
- Programmes in Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julie Avolio
- Programmes in Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christine E Bear
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dept of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dept of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tanja Gonska
- Programmes in Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dept of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jim Hu
- Programmes in Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Both senior authors contributed equally to this article as lead authors and jointly supervised the work
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Programmes in Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada .,Dept of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dept of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Both senior authors contributed equally to this article as lead authors and jointly supervised the work
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Mashel TV, Tarakanchikova YV, Muslimov AR, Zyuzin MV, Timin AS, Lepik KV, Fehse B. Overcoming the delivery problem for therapeutic genome editing: Current status and perspective of non-viral methods. Biomaterials 2020; 258:120282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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High-level protein production in erythroid cells derived from in vivo transduced hematopoietic stem cells. Blood Adv 2020; 3:2883-2894. [PMID: 31585952 PMCID: PMC6784527 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed an in vivo hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transduction approach that involves HSC mobilization from the bone marrow into the peripheral bloodstream and the IV injection of an integrating, helper-dependent adenovirus (HDAd5/35++) vector system. HDAd5/35++ vectors target human CD46, a receptor that is abundantly expressed on primitive HSCs. Transgene integration is achieved by a hyperactive Sleeping Beauty transposase (SB100x) and transgene marking in peripheral blood cells can be increased by in vivo selection. Here we directed transgene expression to HSC-derived erythroid cells using β-globin regulatory elements. We hypothesized that the abundance and systemic distribution of erythroid cells can be harnessed for high-level production of therapeutic proteins. We first demonstrated that our approach allowed for sustained, erythroid-lineage specific GFP expression and accumulation of GFP protein in erythrocytes. Furthermore, after in vivo HSC transduction/selection in hCD46-transgenic mice, we demonstrated stable supraphysiological plasma concentrations of a bioengineered human factor VIII, termed ET3. High-level ET3 production in erythroid cells did not affect erythropoiesis. A phenotypic correction of bleeding was observed after in vivo HSC transduction of hCD46+/+/F8-/- hemophilia A mice despite high plasma anti-ET3 antibody titers. This suggests that ET3 levels were high enough to provide sufficient noninhibited ET3 systemically and/or locally (in blood clots) to control bleeding. In addition to its relevance for hemophilia A gene therapy, our approach has implications for the therapy of other inherited or acquired diseases that require high levels of therapeutic proteins in the blood circulation.
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Fusion of Large Polypeptides to Human Adenovirus Type 5 Capsid Protein IX Can Compromise Virion Stability and DNA Packaging Capacity. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01112-20. [PMID: 32522855 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01112-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The human adenovirus (HAdV) protein IX (pIX) is a minor component of the capsid that acts in part to stabilize the hexon-hexon interactions within the mature capsid. Virions lacking pIX have a reduced DNA packaging capacity and exhibit thermal instability. More recently, pIX has been developed as a platform for presentation of large polypeptides, such as fluorescent proteins or large targeting ligands, on the viral capsid. It is not known whether such modifications affect the natural ability of pIX to stabilize the HAdV virion. In this study, we show that addition of large polypeptides to pIX does not alter the natural stability of virions containing sub-wild-type-sized genomes. However, similar virions containing wild-type-sized genomes tend to genetically rearrange, likely due to selective pressure caused by virion instability as a result of compromised pIX function.IMPORTANCE Human adenovirus capsid protein IX (pIX) is involved in stabilizing the virion but has also been developed as a platform for presentation of various polypeptides on the surface of the virion. Whether such modifications affect the ability of pIX to stabilize the virion is unknown. We show that addition of large polypeptides to pIX can reduce both the DNA packaging capacity and the heat stability of the virion, which provides important guidance for the design of pIX-modified vectors.
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Adenoviral Vectors Armed with PAPILLOMAVIRUs Oncogene Specific CRISPR/Cas9 Kill Human-Papillomavirus-Induced Cervical Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071934. [PMID: 32708897 PMCID: PMC7409089 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) cause malignant epithelial cancers including cervical carcinoma, non-melanoma skin and head and neck cancer. They drive tumor development through the expression of their oncoproteins E6 and E7. Designer nucleases were shown to be efficient to specifically destroy HPV16 and HPV18 oncogenes to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Here, we used high-capacity adenoviral vectors (HCAdVs) expressing the complete CRISPR/Cas9 machinery specific for HPV18-E6 or HPV16-E6. Cervical cancer cell lines SiHa and CaSki containing HPV16 and HeLa cells containing HPV18 genomes integrated into the cellular genome, as well as HPV-negative cancer cells were transduced with HPV-type-specific CRISPR-HCAdV. Upon adenoviral delivery, the expression of HPV-type-specific CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in decreased cell viability of HPV-positive cervical cancer cell lines, whereas HPV-negative cells were unaffected. Transduced cervical cancer cells showed increased apoptosis induction and decreased proliferation compared to untreated or HPV negative control cells. This suggests that HCAdV can serve as HPV-specific cancer gene therapeutic agents when armed with HPV-type-specific CRISPR/Cas9. Based on the versatility of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we anticipate that our approach can contribute to personalized treatment options specific for the respective HPV type present in each individual tumor.
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Ricobaraza A, Gonzalez-Aparicio M, Mora-Jimenez L, Lumbreras S, Hernandez-Alcoceba R. High-Capacity Adenoviral Vectors: Expanding the Scope of Gene Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103643. [PMID: 32455640 PMCID: PMC7279171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptation of adenoviruses as gene delivery tools has resulted in the development of high-capacity adenoviral vectors (HC-AdVs), also known, helper-dependent or “gutless”. Compared with earlier generations (E1/E3-deleted vectors), HC-AdVs retain relevant features such as genetic stability, remarkable efficacy of in vivo transduction, and production at high titers. More importantly, the lack of viral coding sequences in the genomes of HC-AdVs extends the cloning capacity up to 37 Kb, and allows long-term episomal persistence of transgenes in non-dividing cells. These properties open a wide repertoire of therapeutic opportunities in the fields of gene supplementation and gene correction, which have been explored at the preclinical level over the past two decades. During this time, production methods have been optimized to obtain the yield, purity, and reliability required for clinical implementation. Better understanding of inflammatory responses and the implementation of methods to control them have increased the safety of these vectors. We will review the most significant achievements that are turning an interesting research tool into a sound vector platform, which could contribute to overcome current limitations in the gene therapy field.
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Pastore N, Huynh T, Herz NJ, Calcagni' A, Klisch TJ, Brunetti L, Kim KH, De Giorgi M, Hurley A, Carissimo A, Mutarelli M, Aleksieva N, D'Orsi L, Lagor WR, Moore DD, Settembre C, Finegold MJ, Forbes SJ, Ballabio A. TFEB regulates murine liver cell fate during development and regeneration. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2461. [PMID: 32424153 PMCID: PMC7235048 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that pluripotent stem cells in fetal and postnatal liver (LPCs) can differentiate into both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. However, the signaling pathways implicated in the differentiation of LPCs are still incompletely understood. Transcription Factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy, is known to be involved in osteoblast and myeloid differentiation, but its role in lineage commitment in the liver has not been investigated. Here we show that during development and upon regeneration TFEB drives the differentiation status of murine LPCs into the progenitor/cholangiocyte lineage while inhibiting hepatocyte differentiation. Genetic interaction studies show that Sox9, a marker of precursor and biliary cells, is a direct transcriptional target of TFEB and a primary mediator of its effects on liver cell fate. In summary, our findings identify an unexplored pathway that controls liver cell lineage commitment and whose dysregulation may play a role in biliary cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Pastore
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Tuong Huynh
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Niculin J Herz
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alessia Calcagni'
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tiemo J Klisch
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lorenzo Brunetti
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kangho Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marco De Giorgi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ayrea Hurley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Annamaria Carissimo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, NA, 80078, Italy
| | | | - Niya Aleksieva
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Luca D'Orsi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, NA, 80078, Italy
| | - William R Lagor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David D Moore
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, NA, 80078, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Genetics, Federico II University, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Milton J Finegold
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, NA, 80078, Italy.
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Genetics, Federico II University, Naples, 80131, Italy.
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Gao J, Mese K, Bunz O, Ehrhardt A. State‐of‐the‐art human adenovirus vectorology for therapeutic approaches. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3609-3622. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Faculty of Health Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF) School of Human Medicine Institute of Virology and Microbiology Witten/Herdecke University Germany
| | - Kemal Mese
- Faculty of Health Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF) School of Human Medicine Institute of Virology and Microbiology Witten/Herdecke University Germany
| | - Oskar Bunz
- Faculty of Health Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF) School of Human Medicine Institute of Virology and Microbiology Witten/Herdecke University Germany
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Faculty of Health Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF) School of Human Medicine Institute of Virology and Microbiology Witten/Herdecke University Germany
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40
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Soria LR, Nitzahn M, Angelis AD, Khoja S, Attanasio S, Annunziata P, Palmer DJ, Ng P, Lipshutz GS, Brunetti-Pierri N. Hepatic glutamine synthetase augmentation enhances ammonia detoxification. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019; 42:1128-1135. [PMID: 30724386 PMCID: PMC6684872 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The urea cycle and glutamine synthetase (GS) are the two main pathways for waste nitrogen removal and their deficiency results in hyperammonemia. Here, we investigated the efficacy of liver-specific GS overexpression for therapy of hyperammonemia. To achieve hepatic GS overexpression, we generated a helper-dependent adenoviral (HDAd) vector expressing the murine GS under the control of a liver-specific expression cassette (HDAd-GS). Compared to mice injected with a control vector expressing an unrelated reporter gene (HDAd-alpha-fetoprotein), wild-type mice with increased hepatic GS showed reduced blood ammonia levels and a concomitant increase of blood glutamine after intraperitoneal injections of ammonium chloride, whereas blood urea was unaffected. Moreover, injection of HDAd-GS reduced blood ammonia levels at baseline and protected against acute hyperammonemia following ammonia challenge in a mouse model with conditional hepatic deficiency of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (Cps1), the initial and rate-limiting step of ureagenesis. In summary, we found that upregulation of hepatic GS reduced hyperammonemia in wild-type and Cps1-deficient mice, thus confirming a key role of GS in ammonia detoxification. These results suggest that hepatic GS augmentation therapy has potential for treatment of both primary and secondary forms of hyperammonemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Nitzahn
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States
| | | | - Suhail Khoja
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States
| | | | | | - Donna J. Palmer
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Philip Ng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Gerald S. Lipshutz
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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41
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Lee D, Liu J, Junn HJ, Lee EJ, Jeong KS, Seol DW. No more helper adenovirus: production of gutless adenovirus (GLAd) free of adenovirus and replication-competent adenovirus (RCA) contaminants. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-18. [PMID: 31659156 PMCID: PMC6817846 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is emerging as an effective treatment option for various inherited genetic diseases. Gutless adenovirus (GLAd), also known as helper-dependent adenovirus (HDAd), has many notable characteristics as a gene delivery vector for this particular type of gene therapy, including broad tropism, high infectivity, a large transgene cargo capacity, and an absence of integration into the host genome. Additionally, GLAd ensures long-term transgene expression in host organisms owing to its minimal immunogenicity, since it was constructed following the deletion of all the genes from an adenovirus. However, the clinical use of GLAd for the treatment of inherited genetic diseases has been hampered by unavoidable contamination of the highly immunogenic adenovirus used as a helper for GLAd production. Here, we report the production of GLAd in the absence of a helper adenovirus, which was achieved with a helper plasmid instead. Utilizing this helper plasmid, we successfully produced large quantities of recombinant GLAd. Importantly, our helper plasmid-based system exclusively produced recombinant GLAd with no generation of helper plasmid-originating adenovirus and replication-competent adenovirus (RCA). The recombinant GLAd that was produced efficiently delivered transgenes regardless of their size and exhibited therapeutic potential for Huntington’s disease (HD) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Our data indicate that our helper plasmid-based GLAd production system could become a new platform for GLAd-based gene therapy. A new protocol allows for the manufacturing of a next-generation gene therapy vector without contamination of helper adenovirus and replication-competent adenovirus (RCA). Adenoviruses are often used to deliver therapeutic DNA, but their proteins can trigger immune reactions. So-called ‘gutless’ adenoviruses that lack all viral genes don’t cause the same problem but their production has traditionally relied on a helper adenovirus that remains as an unavoidable contaminant. A team led by Dai-Wu Seol from Chung-Ang University in Seoul, South Korea, has now prepared large quantities of gutless adenoviruses using helper plasmid, a circular DNA that encodes all the proteins needed for production of gutless adenoviruses but do not leave behind any contaminant adenoviruses. Gutless adenoviruse vectors made this way successfully delivered corrected copies of the faulty genes responsible for human diseseas into human cells and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Lee
- Genenmed Inc., 84 Seongsuil-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jida Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Junn
- Genenmed Inc., 84 Seongsuil-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu City, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Shik Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu City, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai-Wu Seol
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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42
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Bi-allelic Homology-Directed Repair with Helper-Dependent Adenoviruses. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 15:285-293. [PMID: 31890728 PMCID: PMC6923503 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We describe a strategy to achieve footprintless bi-allelic homology-directed repair (HDR) using helper-dependent adenoviruses (HDAds). This approach utilizes two HDAds to deliver the donor DNA. These two HDAds are identical except for their selectable marker. One expresses the puromycin N-acetyltransferase-herpes simplex virus I thymidine kinase fusion gene (PACTk), while the other expresses the hygromycin phosphotransferase-herpes simplex virus I thymidine kinase fusion gene (HyTk). Therefore, puromycin and hygromycin double resistance can be used to select for targeted HDAd integration into both alleles. Subsequently, piggyBac-mediated excision of both PACTk and HyTk will confer resistance to gancyclovir, resulting in footprintless HDR at both alleles. However, gene-targeting frequency was not high enough to achieve simultaneous targeting at both alleles. Instead, sequential targeting, whereby the two alleles were targeted one at a time, was required in order to achieve bi-allelic HDR with HDAd.
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43
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Green MV, Pengo T, Raybuck JD, Naqvi T, McMullan HM, Hawkinson JE, Marron Fernandez de Velasco E, Muntean BS, Martemyanov KA, Satterfield R, Young SM, Thayer SA. Automated Live-Cell Imaging of Synapses in Rat and Human Neuronal Cultures. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:467. [PMID: 31680875 PMCID: PMC6811609 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Synapse loss and dendritic damage correlate with cognitive decline in many neurodegenerative diseases, underlie neurodevelopmental disorders, and are associated with environmental and drug-induced CNS toxicities. However, screening assays designed to measure loss of synaptic connections between live cells are lacking. Here, we describe the design and validation of automated synaptic imaging assay (ASIA), an efficient approach to label, image, and analyze synapses between live neurons. Using viral transduction to express fluorescent proteins that label synapses and an automated computer-controlled microscope, we developed a method to identify agents that regulate synapse number. ASIA is compatible with both confocal and wide-field microscopy; wide-field image acquisition is faster but requires a deconvolution step in the analysis. Both types of images feed into batch processing analysis software that can be run on ImageJ, CellProfiler, and MetaMorph platforms. Primary analysis endpoints are the number of structural synapses and cell viability. Thus, overt cell death is differentiated from subtle changes in synapse density, an important distinction when studying neurodegenerative processes. In rat hippocampal cultures treated for 24 h with 100 μM 2-bromopalmitic acid (2-BP), a compound that prevents clustering of postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95), ASIA reliably detected loss of postsynaptic density 95-enhanced green fluorescent protein (PSD95-eGFP)-labeled synapses in the absence of cell death. In contrast, treatment with 100 μM glutamate produced synapse loss and significant cell death, determined from morphological changes in a binary image created from co-expressed mCherry. Treatment with 3 mM lithium for 24 h significantly increased the number of fluorescent puncta, showing that ASIA also detects synaptogenesis. Proof of concept studies show that cell-specific promoters enable the selective study of inhibitory or principal neurons and that alternative reporter constructs enable quantification of GABAergic or glutamatergic synapses. ASIA can also be used to study synapse loss between human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cortical neurons. Significant synapse loss in the absence of cell death was detected in the iPSC-derived neuronal cultures treated with either 100 μM 2-BP or 100 μM glutamate for 24 h, while 300 μM glutamate produced synapse loss and cell death. ASIA shows promise for identifying agents that evoke synaptic toxicities and screening for compounds that prevent or reverse synapse loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew V. Green
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Thomas Pengo
- Informatics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Raybuck
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Tahmina Naqvi
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Hannah M. McMullan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jon E. Hawkinson
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | - Brian S. Muntean
- Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | | | - Rachel Satterfield
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Samuel M. Young
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Stanley A. Thayer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Li C, Mishra AS, Gil S, Wang M, Georgakopoulou A, Papayannopoulou T, Hawkins RD, Lieber A. Targeted Integration and High-Level Transgene Expression in AAVS1 Transgenic Mice after In Vivo HSC Transduction with HDAd5/35++ Vectors. Mol Ther 2019; 27:2195-2212. [PMID: 31494053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our goal is the development of in vivo hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transduction technology with targeted integration. To achieve this, we modified helper-dependent HDAd5/35++ vectors to express a CRISPR/Cas9 specific to the "safe harbor" adeno-associated virus integration site 1 (AAVS1) locus and to provide a donor template for targeted integration through homology-dependent repair. We tested the HDAd-CRISPR + HDAd-donor vector system in AAVS1 transgenic mice using a standard ex vivo HSC gene therapy approach as well as a new in vivo HSC transduction approach that involves HSC mobilization and intravenous HDAd5/35++ injections. In both settings, the majority of treated mice had transgenes (GFP or human γ-globin) integrated into the AAVS1 locus. On average, >60% of peripheral blood cells expressed the transgene after in vivo selection with low-dose O6BG/bis-chloroethylnitrosourea (BCNU). Ex vivo and in vivo HSC transduction and selection studies with HDAd-CRISPR + HDAd-globin-donor resulted in stable γ-globin expression at levels that were significantly higher (>20% γ-globin of adult mouse globin) than those achieved in previous studies with a SB100x-transposase-based HDAd5/35++ system that mediates random integration. The ability to achieve therapeutically relevant transgene expression levels after in vivo HSC transduction and selection and targeted integration make our HDAd5/35++-based vector system a new tool in HSC gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 357720, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Arpit Suresh Mishra
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 357720, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sucheol Gil
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 357720, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Meng Wang
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 357720, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Aphrodite Georgakopoulou
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 357720, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - R David Hawkins
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 357720, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - André Lieber
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 357720, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Box 357720, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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45
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Dual usage of a stage-specific fluorescent reporter system based on a helper-dependent adenoviral vector to visualize osteogenic differentiation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9705. [PMID: 31273280 PMCID: PMC6609771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a reporter system that can be used in a dual manner in visualizing mature osteoblast formation. The system is based on a helper-dependent adenoviral vector (HDAdV), in which a fluorescent protein, Venus, is expressed under the control of the 19-kb human osteocalcin (OC) genomic locus. By infecting human and murine primary osteoblast (POB) cultures with this reporter vector, the cells forming bone-like nodules were specifically visualized by the reporter. In addition, the same vector was utilized to efficiently knock-in the reporter into the endogenous OC gene of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), by homologous recombination. Neural crest-like cells (NCLCs) derived from the knock-in reporter iPSCs were differentiated into osteoblasts forming bone-like nodules and could be visualized by the expression of the fluorescent reporter. Living mature osteoblasts were then isolated from the murine mixed POB culture by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and their mRNA expression profile was analyzed. Our study presents unique utility of reporter HDAdVs in stem cell biology and related applications.
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Pastore N, Vainshtein A, Herz NJ, Huynh T, Brunetti L, Klisch TJ, Mutarelli M, Annunziata P, Kinouchi K, Brunetti-Pierri N, Sassone-Corsi P, Ballabio A. Nutrient-sensitive transcription factors TFEB and TFE3 couple autophagy and metabolism to the peripheral clock. EMBO J 2019; 38:embj.2018101347. [PMID: 31126958 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018101347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and energy metabolism are known to follow a circadian pattern. However, it is unclear whether autophagy and the circadian clock are coordinated by common control mechanisms. Here, we show that the oscillation of autophagy genes is dependent on the nutrient-sensitive activation of TFEB and TFE3, key regulators of autophagy, lysosomal biogenesis, and cell homeostasis. TFEB and TFE3 display a circadian activation over the 24-h cycle and are responsible for the rhythmic induction of genes involved in autophagy during the light phase. Genetic ablation of TFEB and TFE3 in mice results in deregulated autophagy over the diurnal cycle and altered gene expression causing abnormal circadian wheel-running behavior. In addition, TFEB and TFE3 directly regulate the expression of Rev-erbα (Nr1d1), a transcriptional repressor component of the core clock machinery also involved in the regulation of whole-body metabolism and autophagy. Comparative analysis of the cistromes of TFEB/TFE3 and REV-ERBα showed an extensive overlap of their binding sites, particularly in genes involved in autophagy and metabolic functions. These data reveal a direct link between nutrient and clock-dependent regulation of gene expression shedding a new light on the crosstalk between autophagy, metabolism, and circadian cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Pastore
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX, USA .,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anna Vainshtein
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Niculin J Herz
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tuong Huynh
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lorenzo Brunetti
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tiemo J Klisch
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Kenichiro Kinouchi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Medical and Translational Sciences, Medical Genetics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX, USA .,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Medical and Translational Sciences, Medical Genetics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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47
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Palmer DJ, Turner DL, Ng P. Production of CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Self-Cleaving Helper-Dependent Adenoviruses. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 13:432-439. [PMID: 31080846 PMCID: PMC6506437 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged expression of CRISPR/Cas9 raises concerns about off-target cleavage, cytotoxicity, and immune responses. To address these issues, we have developed a system to produce helper-dependent adenoviruses that express CRISPR/Cas9 to direct cleavage of the vectors’ own genome after transduction of target cells. To prevent self-cleavage during vector production, it was necessary to downregulate Cas9 mRNA as well as inhibit Cas9 protein activity. Cas9 mRNA downregulation was achieved by inserting the target sequences for the helper-virus-encoded miRNA, mivaRNAI, and producer-cell-encoded miRNAs, hsa-miR183-5p, and hsa-miR218-5p, into the 3′ UTR of the HDAd-encoded Cas9 expression cassette. Cas9 protein activity was inhibited by expressing anti-CRISPR proteins AcrIIA2 and AcrAII4 from both the producer cells and the helper virus. After purification, these helper-dependent adenoviruses will perform CRISPR/Cas9-mediated self-cleavage in the transduced target cells, thereby limiting the duration of Cas9 expression and thus represent an important platform for improving the safety of gene editing by CRISPR/Cas9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna J Palmer
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dustin L Turner
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Philip Ng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Lai JI, Nachun D, Petrosyan L, Throesch B, Campau E, Gao F, Baldwin KK, Coppola G, Gottesfeld JM, Soragni E. Transcriptional profiling of isogenic Friedreich ataxia neurons and effect of an HDAC inhibitor on disease signatures. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:1846-1859. [PMID: 30552117 PMCID: PMC6369281 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by transcriptional silencing of the frataxin (FXN) gene, resulting in loss of the essential mitochondrial protein frataxin. Based on the knowledge that a GAA·TTC repeat expansion in the first intron of FXN induces heterochromatin, we previously showed that 2-aminobenzamide-type histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) increase FXN mRNA levels in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived FRDA neurons and in circulating lymphocytes from patients after HDACi oral administration. How the reduced expression of frataxin leads to neurological and other systemic symptoms in FRDA patients remains unclear. Similar to other triplet-repeat disorders, it is unknown why FRDA affects only specific cell types, primarily the large sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia and cardiomyocytes. The combination of iPSC technology and genome-editing techniques offers the unique possibility to address these questions in a relevant cell model of FRDA, obviating confounding effects of variable genetic backgrounds. Here, using "scarless" gene-editing methods, we created isogenic iPSC lines that differ only in the length of the GAA·TTC repeats. To uncover the gene expression signatures due to the GAA·TTC repeat expansion in FRDA neuronal cells and the effect of HDACi on these changes, we performed RNA-seq-based transcriptomic analysis of iPSC-derived central nervous system (CNS) and isogenic sensory neurons. We found that cellular pathways related to neuronal function, regulation of transcription, extracellular matrix organization, and apoptosis are affected by frataxin loss in neurons of the CNS and peripheral nervous system and that these changes are partially restored by HDACi treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-I Lai
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and
| | - Daniel Nachun
- the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | | | - Benjamin Throesch
- Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 and
| | | | - Fuying Gao
- the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Kristin K Baldwin
- Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 and
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
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49
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Viral Delivery Systems for CRISPR. Viruses 2019; 11:v11010028. [PMID: 30621179 PMCID: PMC6356701 DOI: 10.3390/v11010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The frontiers of precision medicine have been revolutionized by the development of Clustered Regularly-Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 as an editing tool. CRISPR/Cas9 has been used to develop animal models, understand disease mechanisms, and validate treatment targets. In addition, it is regarded as an effective tool for genome surgery when combined with viral delivery vectors. In this article, we will explore the various viral mechanisms for delivering CRISPR/Cas9 into tissues and cells, as well as the benefits and drawbacks of each method. We will also review the history and recent development of CRISPR and viral vectors and discuss their applications as a powerful tool in furthering our exploration of disease mechanisms and therapies.
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50
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Gao J, Bergmann T, Zhang W, Schiwon M, Ehrke-Schulz E, Ehrhardt A. Viral Vector-Based Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 and Donor DNA for Homology-Directed Repair in an In Vitro Model for Canine Hemophilia B. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 14:364-376. [PMID: 30690229 PMCID: PMC6356096 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy represents an attractive alternative to treat hemophilia B. Here we established three hepatocyte-derived cell lines based on Huh7, PLC/PRF/5, and Hep3B cells stably carrying a mutated canine FIX (cFIXmut) transgene containing a single point mutation in the catalytic domain. Based on these in vitro models resembling a commonly used canine large animal model, the tetracycline-controlled transcriptional activator (Tet-on)-inducible CRISPR/Cas9 system and an optimized donor were used to correct mutated cFIX gene through homology-directed repair (HDR). For efficient delivery of designer nuclease and donor DNA, we produced a high-capacity adenovirus vector type 5 (HCAdV5) containing the Tet-on-inducible cFIX-specific CRISPR/Cas9 system and a single-stranded adeno-associated virus type 2 vector (ssAAV2) containing the modified donor. Moreover, we designed a single HCAdV5 delivering all components for HDR. Our amplification-refractory mutation system based on qPCR analysis (ARMS-qPCR) revealed that the single vector application in Huh7-cFIXmut cells resulted in up to 5.52% HDR efficiencies, which was superior to the two-vector strategy. Furthermore the single vector also resulted in increased phenotypic correction efficiencies assayed by ELISA. We conclude that HDR in combination with viral vector delivery holds great promise for the correction of mutated FIX in disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Institute for Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bergmann
- Institute for Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Institute for Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Maren Schiwon
- Institute for Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Eric Ehrke-Schulz
- Institute for Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Institute for Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany.
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