1
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Beschorner N, Künzle P, Voges M, Hauber I, Indenbirken D, Nakel J, Virdi S, Bradtke P, Lory NC, Rothe M, Paszkowski-Rogacz M, Buchholz F, Grundhoff A, Schambach A, Thirion C, Mittrücker HW, Schulze zur Wiesch J, Hauber J, Chemnitz J. Preclinical toxicity analyses of lentiviral vectors expressing the HIV-1 LTR-specific designer-recombinase Brec1. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298542. [PMID: 38457474 PMCID: PMC10923487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug-based antiretroviral therapies (ART) efficiently suppress HIV replication in humans, but the virus persists as integrated proviral reservoirs in small numbers of cells. Importantly, ART cannot eliminate HIV from an infected individual, since it does not target the integrated provirus. Therefore, genome editing-based strategies that can inactivate or excise HIV genomes would provide the technology for novel curative therapies. In fact, the HIV-1 LTR-specific designer-recombinase Brec1 has been shown to remove integrated proviruses from infected cells and is highly efficacious on clinical HIV-1 isolates in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that Brec1 has the potential for clinical development of advanced HIV-1 eradication strategies in people living with HIV. In line with the preparation of a first-in-human advanced therapy medicinal product gene therapy trial, we here present an extensive preclinical evaluation of Brec1 and lentiviral vectors expressing the Brec1 transgene. This included detailed functional analysis of potential genomic off-target sites, assessing vector safety by investigating vector copy number (VCN) and the risk for potential vector-related insertional mutagenesis, as well as analyzing the potential of Brec1 to trigger an undesired strong T cell immune response. In conclusion, the antiviral designer-recombinase Brec1 is shown to lack any detectable cytopathic, genotoxic or T cell-related immunogenic effects, thereby meeting an important precondition for clinical application of the therapeutic lentiviral vector LV-Brec1 in novel HIV-1 curative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Beschorner
- Leibniz-Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg–Lübeck–Borstel–Riems, Germany
- PROVIREX Genome Editing Therapies GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paul Künzle
- Leibniz-Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg–Lübeck–Borstel–Riems, Germany
| | - Maike Voges
- Leibniz-Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
- PROVIREX Genome Editing Therapies GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ilona Hauber
- Leibniz-Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
- PROVIREX Genome Editing Therapies GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Indenbirken
- Leibniz-Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg–Lübeck–Borstel–Riems, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Nakel
- Leibniz-Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg–Lübeck–Borstel–Riems, Germany
| | - Sanamjeet Virdi
- Leibniz-Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg–Lübeck–Borstel–Riems, Germany
| | - Peter Bradtke
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niels Christian Lory
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Rothe
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Frank Buchholz
- PROVIREX Genome Editing Therapies GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
- Medical Systems Biology, UCC, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Adam Grundhoff
- Leibniz-Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg–Lübeck–Borstel–Riems, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Willi Mittrücker
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Schulze zur Wiesch
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg–Lübeck–Borstel–Riems, Germany
- Infectious Diseases Unit, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Hauber
- Leibniz-Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg–Lübeck–Borstel–Riems, Germany
- PROVIREX Genome Editing Therapies GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Chemnitz
- Leibniz-Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg–Lübeck–Borstel–Riems, Germany
- PROVIREX Genome Editing Therapies GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Saleh RI, Kim S, Lee SH, Kwon H, Jeong HE, Cha C. Manipulating Physicochemical Properties of Biosensor Platform with Polysuccinimide-Silica Nanocomposite for Enhanced Protein Detection. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301774. [PMID: 37485740 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
As point-of-care testing (POCT) is becoming the new paradigm of medical diagnostics, there is a growing need to develop reliable POCT devices that can be conveniently operated in a minimally invasive manner. However, the clinical potential of POCT diagnostics is yet to be realized, mainly due to the limited and inconsistent amount of collected samples on these devices, undermining their accuracy. This study proposes a new biosensing platform modified with a functional polysuccinimide (PSI)-silica nanoparticle (SNP) composite system that can substantially increase the protein conjugation efficiency by modulating physicochemical interaction with proteins by several hundred percent from an unmodified device. The efficacy of this PSI-SNP system is further validated by applying it on the surface of a microneedle array (MN), which has emerged as a promising POCT device capable of accessing interstitial fluid through minimal penetration of the skin. This PSI-SNP MN is demonstrated to detect a wide array of proteins with high sensitivity on par with conventional whole serum analysis, validated by in vivo animal testing, effectively displaying broad applicability in biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabi Ibrahim Saleh
- Center for Multidimensional Programmable Matter, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Suntae Kim
- Center for Multidimensional Programmable Matter, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjoo Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Eui Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaenyung Cha
- Center for Multidimensional Programmable Matter, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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3
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Passeri L, Andolfi G, Bassi V, Russo F, Giacomini G, Laudisa C, Marrocco I, Cesana L, Di Stefano M, Fanti L, Sgaramella P, Vitale S, Ziparo C, Auricchio R, Barera G, Di Nardo G, Troncone R, Gianfrani C, Annoni A, Passerini L, Gregori S. Tolerogenic IL-10-engineered dendritic cell-based therapy to restore antigen-specific tolerance in T cell mediated diseases. J Autoimmun 2023; 138:103051. [PMID: 37224733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cells play a critical role in promoting antigen-specific tolerance via dampening of T cell responses, induction of pathogenic T cell exhaustion and antigen-specific regulatory T cells. Here we efficiently generate tolerogenic dendritic cells by genetic engineering of monocytes with lentiviral vectors co-encoding for immunodominant antigen-derived peptides and IL-10. These transduced dendritic cells (designated DCIL-10/Ag) secrete IL-10 and efficiently downregulate antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses from healthy subjects and celiac disease patients in vitro. In addition, DCIL-10/Ag induce antigen-specific CD49b+LAG-3+ T cells, which display the T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cell gene signature. Administration of DCIL-10/Ag resulted in the induction of antigen-specific Tr1 cells in chimeric transplanted mice and the prevention of type 1 diabetes in pre-clinical disease models. Subsequent transfer of these antigen-specific T cells completely prevented type 1 diabetes development. Collectively these data indicate that DCIL-10/Ag represent a platform to induce stable antigen-specific tolerance to control T-cell mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Passeri
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Grazia Andolfi
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Virginia Bassi
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy; University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Cracovia 50, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Russo
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Giacomini
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Laudisa
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marrocco
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Cesana
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Di Stefano
- Department of Paediatrics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorella Fanti
- Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Sgaramella
- Department of Paediatrics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Vitale
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNR, via P.Castellino 11, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Ziparo
- NESMOS Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Auricchio
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, Via Pansini 5, 80131, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Graziano Barera
- Department of Paediatrics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Nardo
- NESMOS Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Troncone
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, Via Pansini 5, 80131, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Gianfrani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNR, via P.Castellino 11, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Annoni
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Passerini
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Gregori
- Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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4
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Park SH, Song HK, Ji KY, Jung DH, Jang S, Kim T, Kim HK. Topical Administration of Gardenia jasminoides Extract Regulates Th2 Immunity in OVA-Induced Mice. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060941. [PMID: 36980282 PMCID: PMC10047210 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A key feature of an allergic immune response is a T helper type 2 (Th2)-mediated response with production of allergen-specific IgE antibodies. Gardenia jasminoides extract with the crocin removed (GJExCR) has been shown to inhibit IgE-mediated allergic disease. To evaluate the efficacy and mechanism-of-action of this inhibition, GJExCR was used in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergy model in BALB/C mice. Sensitization of BALB/C mice with OVA and aluminum hydroxide was performed on days 1 and 14 by intraperitoneal injection, followed by OVA challenge to the dorsal skin for 2 weeks before removal. Seven days post-challenge, mice were treated with GJExCR topically every day for 11 days. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry analysis, real-time PCR, and western blot were performed to determine IgE and Th2 cytokine levels. Following OVA challenge, Th2 cytokine expression and both total and OVA-specific serum IgE levels increased, of which OVA-specific IgE and Th2 cytokine levels decreased after GJExCR treatment. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that GJExCR treatment decreased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations in the spleen and lymph nodes. In addition, treatment with GJExCR downregulated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) activation and Th2 cytokine levels as compared to control. GJExCR containing geniposide downregulated STAT1 activation in HaCaT cells. These findings demonstrate that GJExCR exerts its anti-allergy effect via inhibition of STAT1 activation, thus regulating the immune response via modulation of Th2 cytokine release and IgE levels. Therefore, we propose GJExCR as a potential treatment for allergic hypersensitivity reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Haeng Park
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Song
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Kon-Young Ji
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Jung
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Seol Jang
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesoo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kyoung Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
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5
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Lopez J, Anna F, Authié P, Pawlik A, Ku MW, Blanc C, Souque P, Moncoq F, Noirat A, Hardy D, Sougakoff W, Brosch R, Guinet F, Charneau P, Majlessi L. A lentiviral vector encoding fusion of light invariant chain and mycobacterial antigens induces protective CD4 + T cell immunity. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111142. [PMID: 35905717 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are highly efficient at inducing CD8+ T cell responses. However, LV-encoded antigens are processed inside the cytosol of antigen-presenting cells, which does not directly communicate with the endosomal major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) presentation pathway. LVs are thus poor at inducing CD4+ T cell response. To overcome this limitation, we devised a strategy whereby LV-encoded antigens are extended at their N-terminal end with the MHC-II-associated light invariant chain (li), which contains an endosome-targeting signal sequence. When evaluated with an LV-encoded polyantigen composed of CD4+ T cell targets from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, intranasal vaccination in mice triggers pulmonary polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Adjuvantation of these LVs extends the mucosal immunity to Th17 and Tc17 responses. A systemic prime and an intranasal boost with one of these LV induces protection against M. tuberculosis. This strategy improves the protective power of LVs against infections and cancers, where CD4+ T cell immunity plays an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Lopez
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - François Anna
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Authié
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Pawlik
- Institut Pasteur, Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics Unit, CNRS UMR 3525, Université Paris Cité, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Min-Wen Ku
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Blanc
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Souque
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Fanny Moncoq
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Amandine Noirat
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - David Hardy
- Institut Pasteur, Histopathology Platform, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Wladimir Sougakoff
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CIMI-Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, CNR-MyRMA, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Roland Brosch
- Institut Pasteur, Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics Unit, CNRS UMR 3525, Université Paris Cité, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Françoise Guinet
- Institut Pasteur, Lymphocytes and Immunity Unit, Université Paris Cité, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Charneau
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laleh Majlessi
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
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6
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Lawrence SP, Elser SE, Torben W, Blair RV, Pahar B, Aye PP, Schiro F, Szeltner D, Doyle-Meyers LA, Haggarty BS, Jordan APO, Romano J, Leslie GJ, Alvarez X, O’Connor DH, Wiseman RW, Fennessey CM, Li Y, Piatak M, Lifson JD, LaBranche CC, Lackner AA, Keele BF, Maness NJ, Marsh M, Hoxie JA. A cellular trafficking signal in the SIV envelope protein cytoplasmic domain is strongly selected for in pathogenic infection. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010507. [PMID: 35714165 PMCID: PMC9275724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The HIV/SIV envelope glycoprotein (Env) cytoplasmic domain contains a highly conserved Tyr-based trafficking signal that mediates both clathrin-dependent endocytosis and polarized sorting. Despite extensive analysis, the role of these functions in viral infection and pathogenesis is unclear. An SIV molecular clone (SIVmac239) in which this signal is inactivated by deletion of Gly-720 and Tyr-721 (SIVmac239ΔGY), replicates acutely to high levels in pigtail macaques (PTM) but is rapidly controlled. However, we previously reported that rhesus macaques and PTM can progress to AIDS following SIVmac239ΔGY infection in association with novel amino acid changes in the Env cytoplasmic domain. These included an R722G flanking the ΔGY deletion and a nine nucleotide deletion encoding amino acids 734-736 (ΔQTH) that overlaps the rev and tat open reading frames. We show that molecular clones containing these mutations reconstitute signals for both endocytosis and polarized sorting. In one PTM, a novel genotype was selected that generated a new signal for polarized sorting but not endocytosis. This genotype, together with the ΔGY mutation, was conserved in association with high viral loads for several months when introduced into naïve PTMs. For the first time, our findings reveal strong selection pressure for Env endocytosis and particularly for polarized sorting during pathogenic SIV infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott P. Lawrence
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samra E. Elser
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Workineh Torben
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Robert V. Blair
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Bapi Pahar
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Pyone P. Aye
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Faith Schiro
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Dawn Szeltner
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Lara A. Doyle-Meyers
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Beth S. Haggarty
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Andrea P. O. Jordan
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Josephine Romano
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - George J. Leslie
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Xavier Alvarez
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - David H. O’Connor
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Roger W. Wiseman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Christine M. Fennessey
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yuan Li
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael Piatak
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D. Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Celia C. LaBranche
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Andrew A. Lackner
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Brandon F. Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Maness
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Mark Marsh
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Hoxie
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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7
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Anna F, Lopez J, Moncoq F, Blanc C, Authié P, Noirat A, Fert I, Souque P, Nevo F, Pawlik A, Hardy D, Goyard S, Hudrisier D, Brosch R, Guinet F, Neyrolles O, Charneau P, Majlessi L. A lentiviral vector expressing a dendritic cell-targeting multimer induces mucosal anti-mycobacterial CD4 + T-cell immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1389-1404. [PMID: 36104497 PMCID: PMC9473479 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00566-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Most viral vectors, including the potently immunogenic lentiviral vectors (LVs), only poorly direct antigens to the MHC-II endosomal pathway and elicit CD4+ T cells. We developed a new generation of LVs encoding antigen-bearing monomers of collectins substituted at their C-terminal domain with the CD40 ligand ectodomain to target and activate antigen-presenting cells. Host cells transduced with such optimized LVs secreted soluble collectin-antigen polymers with the potential to be endocytosed in vivo and reach the MHC-II pathway. In the murine tuberculosis model, such LVs induced efficient MHC-II antigenic presentation and triggered both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells at the systemic and mucosal levels. They also conferred a significant booster effect, consistent with the importance of CD4+ T cells for protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Given the pivotal role of CD4+ T cells in orchestrating innate and adaptive immunity, this strategy could have a broad range of applications in the vaccinology field.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Anna
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Jodie Lopez
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Fanny Moncoq
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Blanc
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Authié
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Amandine Noirat
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Ingrid Fert
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Souque
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Fabien Nevo
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Pawlik
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics Unit, CNRS UMR 3525, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - David Hardy
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Histopathology Platform, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Goyard
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Platform for Innovation and Development of Diagnostic Tests, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Denis Hudrisier
- grid.508721.9Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Roland Brosch
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics Unit, CNRS UMR 3525, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Françoise Guinet
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Lymphocytes and Immunity Unit, INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Neyrolles
- grid.508721.9Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Charneau
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Laleh Majlessi
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
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8
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Bulcha JT, Wang Y, Ma H, Tai PWL, Gao G. Viral vector platforms within the gene therapy landscape. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:53. [PMID: 33558455 PMCID: PMC7868676 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 165.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout its 40-year history, the field of gene therapy has been marked by many transitions. It has seen great strides in combating human disease, has given hope to patients and families with limited treatment options, but has also been subject to many setbacks. Treatment of patients with this class of investigational drugs has resulted in severe adverse effects and, even in rare cases, death. At the heart of this dichotomous field are the viral-based vectors, the delivery vehicles that have allowed researchers and clinicians to develop powerful drug platforms, and have radically changed the face of medicine. Within the past 5 years, the gene therapy field has seen a wave of drugs based on viral vectors that have gained regulatory approval that come in a variety of designs and purposes. These modalities range from vector-based cancer therapies, to treating monogenic diseases with life-altering outcomes. At present, the three key vector strategies are based on adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses, and lentiviruses. They have led the way in preclinical and clinical successes in the past two decades. However, despite these successes, many challenges still limit these approaches from attaining their full potential. To review the viral vector-based gene therapy landscape, we focus on these three highly regarded vector platforms and describe mechanisms of action and their roles in treating human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jote T Bulcha
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic medical sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Phillip W L Tai
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- VIDE Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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9
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Kerstetter LJ, Buckley S, Bliss CM, Coughlan L. Adenoviral Vectors as Vaccines for Emerging Avian Influenza Viruses. Front Immunol 2021; 11:607333. [PMID: 33633727 PMCID: PMC7901974 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.607333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is evident that the emergence of infectious diseases, which have the potential for spillover from animal reservoirs, pose an ongoing threat to global health. Zoonotic transmission events have increased in frequency in recent decades due to changes in human behavior, including increased international travel, the wildlife trade, deforestation, and the intensification of farming practices to meet demand for meat consumption. Influenza A viruses (IAV) possess a number of features which make them a pandemic threat and a major concern for human health. Their segmented genome and error-prone process of replication can lead to the emergence of novel reassortant viruses, for which the human population are immunologically naïve. In addition, the ability for IAVs to infect aquatic birds and domestic animals, as well as humans, increases the likelihood for reassortment and the subsequent emergence of novel viruses. Sporadic spillover events in the past few decades have resulted in human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses, with high mortality. The application of conventional vaccine platforms used for the prevention of seasonal influenza viruses, such as inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) or live-attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs), in the development of vaccines for HPAI viruses is fraught with challenges. These issues are associated with manufacturing under enhanced biosafety containment, and difficulties in propagating HPAI viruses in embryonated eggs, due to their propensity for lethality in eggs. Overcoming manufacturing hurdles through the use of safer backbones, such as low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (LPAI), can also be a challenge if incompatible with master strain viruses. Non-replicating adenoviral (Ad) vectors offer a number of advantages for the development of vaccines against HPAI viruses. Their genome is stable and permits the insertion of HPAI virus antigens (Ag), which are expressed in vivo following vaccination. Therefore, their manufacture does not require enhanced biosafety facilities or procedures and is egg-independent. Importantly, Ad vaccines have an exemplary safety and immunogenicity profile in numerous human clinical trials, and can be thermostabilized for stockpiling and pandemic preparedness. This review will discuss the status of Ad-based vaccines designed to protect against avian influenza viruses with pandemic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J. Kerstetter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Stephen Buckley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Carly M. Bliss
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Lynda Coughlan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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10
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Esposito I, Cicconi P, D'Alise AM, Brown A, Esposito M, Swadling L, Holst PJ, Bassi MR, Stornaiuolo M, Mori F, Vassilev V, Li W, Donnison T, Gentile C, Turner B, von Delft A, Del Sorbo M, Barra F, Contino AM, Abbate A, Novellino E, Thomsen AR, Christensen JP, Lahm A, Grazioli F, Ammendola V, Siani L, Colloca S, Klenerman P, Nicosia A, Dorrell L, Folgori A, Capone S, Barnes E. MHC class II invariant chain-adjuvanted viral vectored vaccines enhances T cell responses in humans. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:12/548/eaaz7715. [PMID: 32554708 PMCID: PMC7610808 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz7715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Strategies to enhance the induction of high magnitude T cell responses through vaccination are urgently needed. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-associated invariant chain (Ii) plays a critical role in antigen presentation, forming MHC class II peptide complexes for the generation of CD4+ T cell responses. Preclinical studies evaluating the fusion of Ii to antigens encoded in vector delivery systems have shown that this strategy may enhance T cell immune responses to the encoded antigen. We now assess this strategy in humans, using chimpanzee adenovirus 3 and modified vaccinia Ankara vectors encoding human Ii fused to the nonstructural (NS) antigens of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a heterologous prime/boost regimen. Vaccination was well tolerated and enhanced the peak magnitude, breadth, and proliferative capacity of anti-HCV T cell responses compared to non-Ii vaccines in humans. Very high frequencies of HCV-specific T cells were elicited in humans. Polyfunctional HCV-specific CD8+ and CD4+ responses were induced with up to 30% of CD3+CD8+ cells targeting single HCV epitopes; these were mostly effector memory cells with a high proportion expressing T cell activation and cytolytic markers. No volunteers developed anti-Ii T cell or antibody responses. Using a mouse model and in vitro experiments, we show that Ii fused to NS increases HCV immune responses through enhanced ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. This strategy could be used to develop more potent HCV vaccines that may contribute to the HCV elimination targets and paves the way for developing class II Ii vaccines against cancer and other infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Esposito
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Paola Cicconi
- The Jenner Institute Laboratories, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | | | - Anthony Brown
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | | | - Leo Swadling
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Peter Johannes Holst
- Center for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,InProTher ApS, BioInnovation Institute, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Rosaria Bassi
- Center for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Wenqin Li
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Timothy Donnison
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Chiara Gentile
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Bethany Turner
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Annette von Delft
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Allan Randrup Thomsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.,The Jenner Institute Laboratories, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Alfredo Nicosia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.,Keires AG, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lucy Dorrell
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Headington OX3 9DU, UK
| | | | | | - Eleanor Barnes
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK. .,The Jenner Institute Laboratories, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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11
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Carbonaro-Sarracino DA, Tarantal AF, Lee CCI, Kaufman ML, Wandro S, Jin X, Martinez M, Clark DN, Chun K, Koziol C, Hardee CL, Wang X, Kohn DB. Dosing and Re-Administration of Lentiviral Vector for In Vivo Gene Therapy in Rhesus Monkeys and ADA-Deficient Mice. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2020; 16:78-93. [PMID: 31871959 PMCID: PMC6909201 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient mice and healthy rhesus monkeys were studied to determine the impact of age at treatment, vector dosage, dosing schedule, repeat administration, biodistribution, and immunogenicity after systemic delivery of lentiviral vectors (LVs). In Ada -/- mice, neonatal treatment resulted in broad vector marking across all tissues analyzed, whereas adult treatment resulted in marking restricted to the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Intravenous administration to infant rhesus monkeys also resulted in dose-dependent marking in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Using an ELISA to monitor anti-vector antibody development, Ada -/- neonatal mice did not produce an antibody response, whereas Ada -/- adult mice produced a strong antibody response to vector administration. In mice and monkeys with repeat administration of LV, a strong anti-vector antibody response was shown in response to the second LV administration, which resulted in LV inactivation. Three separate doses administered to immune competent mice resulted in acute toxicity. Pegylation of the vesicular stomatitis virus G protein (VSV-G)-enveloped LVs showed a less robust anti-vector response but did not prevent the inactivation of the second LV administration. These studies identify important factors to consider related to age and timing of administration when implementing systemic delivery of LVs as a potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise A. Carbonaro-Sarracino
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alice F. Tarantal
- Center for Fetal Monkey Gene Transfer for Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, and California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - C. Chang I. Lee
- Center for Fetal Monkey Gene Transfer for Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, and California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael L. Kaufman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stephen Wandro
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xiangyang Jin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michele Martinez
- Center for Fetal Monkey Gene Transfer for Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, and California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Danielle N. Clark
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Krista Chun
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Colin Koziol
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Cinnamon L. Hardee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Donald B. Kohn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- The Eli & Edythe Broad Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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12
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Neukirch L, Fougeroux C, Andersson AMC, Holst PJ. The potential of adenoviral vaccine vectors with altered antigen presentation capabilities. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:25-41. [PMID: 31889453 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1711054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Despite their appeal as vaccine vectors, adenoviral vectors are yet unable to induce protective immune responses against some weakly immunogenic antigens. Additionally, the maximum doses of adenovirus-based vaccines are limited by vector-induced toxicity, causing vector elimination and diminished immune responses against the target antigen. In order to increase immune responses to the transgene, while maintaining a moderate vector dose, new technologies for improved transgene presentation have been developed for adenoviral vaccine vectors.Areas covered: This review provides an overview of different genetic-fusion adjuvants that aim to improve antigen presentation in the context of adenoviral vector-based vaccines. The influence on both T cell and B cell responses are discussed, with a main focus on two technologies: MHC class II-associated invariant chain and virus-like-vaccines.Expert opinion: Different strategies have been tested to improve adenovirus-based vaccinations with varying degrees of success. The reviewed genetic adjuvants were designed to increase antigen processing and MHC presentation, or promote humoral immune responses with an improved conformational antigen display. While none of the introduced technologies is universally applicable, this review shall give an overview to identify potential improvements for future vaccination approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Neukirch
- Clinical Cooperation Unit "Applied Tumor Immunity", National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cyrielle Fougeroux
- Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Carola Andersson
- Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,InProTher ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Johannes Holst
- Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,InProTher ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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del Moral-Sánchez I, Sliepen K. Strategies for inducing effective neutralizing antibody responses against HIV-1. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:1127-1143. [PMID: 31791150 PMCID: PMC6961309 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1690458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Despite intensive research efforts, there is still no effective prophylactic vaccine available against HIV-1. Currently, substantial efforts are devoted to the development of vaccines aimed at inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), which are capable of neutralizing most HIV-1 strains. All bNAbs target the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env), but Env immunizations usually only induce neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the sequence-matched virus and not against other strains.Areas covered: We describe the different strategies that have been explored to improve the breadth and potency of anti-HIV-1 NAb responses. The discussed strategies include the application of engineered Env immunogens, optimization of (bNAb) epitopes, different cocktail and sequential vaccination strategies, nanoparticles and nucleic acid-based vaccines.Expert opinion: A combination of the strategies described in this review and future approaches are probably needed to develop an effective HIV-1 vaccine that can induce broad, potent and long-lasting NAb responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván del Moral-Sánchez
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kwinten Sliepen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,CONTACT Kwinten Sliepen Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Fougeroux C, Turner L, Bojesen AM, Lavstsen T, Holst PJ. Modified MHC Class II-Associated Invariant Chain Induces Increased Antibody Responses against Plasmodium falciparum Antigens after Adenoviral Vaccination. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2320-2331. [PMID: 30833346 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Adenoviral vectors can induce T and B cell immune responses to Ags encoded in the recombinant vector. The MHC class II invariant chain (Ii) has been used as an adjuvant to enhance T cell responses to tethered Ag encoded in adenoviral vectors. In this study, we modified the Ii adjuvant by insertion of a furin recognition site (Ii-fur) to obtain a secreted version of the Ii. To test the capacity of this adjuvant to enhance immune responses, we recombined vectors to encode Plasmodium falciparum virulence factors: two cysteine-rich interdomain regions (CIDR) α1 (IT4var19 and PFCLINvar30 var genes), expressed as a dimeric Ag. These domains are members of a highly polymorphic protein family involved in the vascular sequestration and immune evasion of parasites in malaria. The Ii-fur molecule directed secretion of both Ags in African green monkey cells and functioned as an adjuvant for MHC class I and II presentation in T cell hybridomas. In mice, the Ii-fur adjuvant induced a similar T cell response, as previously demonstrated with Ii, accelerated and enhanced the specific Ab response against both CIDR Ags, with an increased binding capacity to the cognate endothelial protein C receptor, and enhanced the breadth of the response toward different CIDRs. We also demonstrate that the endosomal sorting signal, secretion, and the C-terminal part of Ii were needed for the full adjuvant effect for Ab responses. We conclude that engineered secretion of Ii adjuvant-tethered Ags establishes a single adjuvant and delivery vehicle platform for potent T and B cell-dependent immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrielle Fougeroux
- Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Louise Turner
- Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Anders Miki Bojesen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Thomas Lavstsen
- Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Peter Johannes Holst
- Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and
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15
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Precise tuning of gene expression levels in mammalian cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:818. [PMID: 30778069 PMCID: PMC6379387 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise, analogue regulation of gene expression is critical for cellular function in mammals. In contrast, widely employed experimental and therapeutic approaches such as knock-in/out strategies are more suitable for binary control of gene activity. Here we report on a method for precise control of gene expression levels in mammalian cells using engineered microRNA response elements (MREs). First, we measure the efficacy of thousands of synthetic MRE variants under the control of an endogenous microRNA by high-throughput sequencing. Guided by this data, we establish a library of microRNA silencing-mediated fine-tuners (miSFITs) of varying strength that can be employed to precisely control the expression of user-specified genes. We apply this technology to tune the T-cell co-inhibitory receptor PD-1 and to explore how antigen expression influences T-cell activation and tumour growth. Finally, we employ CRISPR/Cas9 mediated homology directed repair to introduce miSFITs into the BRCA1 3′UTR, demonstrating that this versatile tool can be used to tune endogenous genes. Analogue regulation of gene expression is important for normal function in mammals but existing genetic technologies are designed to achieve ON/OFF control. Here the authors develop synthetic microRNA silencing-mediated fine-tuners (miSFITs) to precisely control target gene expression levels.
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16
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Intratumoral expression using a NFkB-based promoter enhances IL12 antitumor efficacy. Cancer Gene Ther 2019; 26:216-233. [PMID: 30622324 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-018-0076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 12 is a promising anti-cancer agent; however, IL12 systemic administration is hampered by side-effects. Although intratumoral administration of IL12 is giving promising results in clinical trials, only a small percentage of patients show a complete therapeutic response. This outcome could be improved by controlling the IL12 expression window. In this work we have tested the efficacy of a self-processing P2A and codon optimized murine IL12 (mIL12Pop) using inflammation-regulated lentivectors in a syngeneic tumor model. Our results show that implantation of cells expressing mIL12Pop employing either the strong constitutive SFFV promoter or a NFkB-based promoter reduced tumor growth, caused CD8+ T cell activation and increased IFNγ production. Importantly, the use of NFkBp-mIL12Pop increased the number of CD8+ TILs and improved the remission rate without increasing IL12-serum concentration. Further experiments suggest that there is a threshold intratumoral IL12 concentration that must be reached to trigger an efficient antitumor response and a limit that once surpassed causes detrimental systemic side effects. Altogether, these results demonstrate that using NFKBp-mIL12Pop significantly increases the overall survival of the mice. In summary, this new inflammation-regulated expression system might be useful for the development of new IL12 delivery systems with improved anti-tumor activity and limited toxicity.
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17
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Halbroth BR, Sebastian S, Poyntz HC, Bregu M, Cottingham MG, Hill AVS, Spencer AJ. Development of a Molecular Adjuvant to Enhance Antigen-Specific CD8 + T Cell Responses. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15020. [PMID: 30301933 PMCID: PMC6177389 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite promising progress in malaria vaccine development, an efficacious subunit vaccine against P. falciparum remains to be licensed and deployed. This study aimed to improve on the immunogenicity of the leading liver-stage vaccine candidate (ChAd63-MVA ME-TRAP), known to confer protection by eliciting high levels of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. We previously showed fusion of ME-TRAP to the human MHC class II invariant chain (Ii) could enhance CD8+ T cell responses in non-human primates, but did not progress to clinical testing due to potential risk of auto-immunity by vaccination of humans with a self-antigen. Initial immunogenicity analyses of ME-TRAP fused to subdomains of the Ii showed that the Ii transmembrane domain alone can enhance CD8+ T cell responses. Subsequently, truncated Ii sequences with low homology to human Ii were developed and shown to enhance CD8+ T cell responses. By systematically mutating the TM domain sequence, multimerization of the Ii chain was shown to be important for immune enhancement. We subsequently identified several proteins from a variety of microbial pathogens with similar characteristics, that also enhance the CD8+ T cell response and could therefore be used in viral vector vaccines when potent cell mediated immunity is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict R Halbroth
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Sarah Sebastian
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel C Poyntz
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Migena Bregu
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew G Cottingham
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian V S Hill
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra J Spencer
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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18
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Gogesch P, Schülke S, Scheurer S, Mühlebach MD, Waibler Z. Modular MLV-VLPs co-displaying ovalbumin peptides and GM-CSF effectively induce expansion of CD11b + APC and antigen-specific T cell responses in vitro. Mol Immunol 2018; 101:19-28. [PMID: 29852456 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel vaccination strategies is a persistent challenge to provide effective prophylactic treatments to encounter viral infections. In general, the physical conjugation of selected vaccine components, e.g. antigen and adjuvant, has been shown to enhance the immunogenicity and hence, can increase effectiveness of the vaccine. In our proof-of-concept study, we generated non-infectious, replication deficient Murine Leukemia Virus (MLV)-derived virus-like particles (VLPs) that physically link antigen and adjuvant in a modular fashion by co-displaying them on their surface. For this purpose, we selected the immunodominant peptides of the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) and the cytokine granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as non-classical adjuvant. Our results show that murine GM-CSF displayed on MLV-VLPs mediates expansion and proliferation of CD11b+ cells within murine bone marrow and total spleen cells. Moreover, we show increased immunogenicity of modular VLPs co-displaying OVA peptides and GM-CSF by their elevated capacity to induce OVA-specific T cell-activation and -proliferation within OT-I and OT-II splenocyte cultures. These enhanced effects were not achieved by using an equimolar mixture of VLPs displaying either OVA or GM-CSF. Taken together, OVA and GM-CSF co-displaying MLV-VLPs are able to target and expand antigen presenting cells which in turn results in enhanced antigen-specific T cell activation and proliferation in vitro. These data suggest MLV-VLPs to be an attractive platform to flexibly combine antigen and adjuvant for novel modular vaccination approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gogesch
- Section "Product Testing of Immunological Biomedicines", Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schülke
- Section Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Stephan Scheurer
- Section Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Michael D Mühlebach
- Section Product Testing of IVMP, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225, Langen, Germany.
| | - Zoe Waibler
- Section "Product Testing of Immunological Biomedicines", Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, D-63225, Langen, Germany.
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19
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Modulation of immune responses in lentiviral vector-mediated gene transfer. Cell Immunol 2018; 342:103802. [PMID: 29735164 PMCID: PMC6695505 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors (LV) are widely used vehicles for gene transfer and therapy in pre-clinical animal models and clinical trials with promising safety and efficacy results. However, host immune responses against vector- and/or transgene-derived antigens remain a major obstacle to the success and broad applicability of gene therapy. Here we review the innate and adaptive immunological barriers to successful gene therapy, both in the context of ex vivo and in vivo LV gene therapy, mostly concerning systemic LV delivery and discuss possible means to overcome them, including vector design and production and immune modulatory strategies.
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20
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Pollack SM. The potential of the CMB305 vaccine regimen to target NY-ESO-1 and improve outcomes for synovial sarcoma and myxoid/round cell liposarcoma patients. Expert Rev Vaccines 2018; 17:107-114. [PMID: 29280411 PMCID: PMC6521962 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1419068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Synovial Sarcoma (SS) and Myxoid Round Cell Liposarcoma (MRCL) are devastating sarcoma subtypes with few treatment options and poor outcomes in the advanced setting. However, both these diseases may be ideal for novel immunotherapies targeting the cancer-testis antigen, NY-ESO-1. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss the novel NY-ESO-1 targeted vaccine regimen, CMB305. This regimen uses a unique integration-deficient, dendritic-cell targeting lentiviral vector from the ZVex® platform, LV305, in order to prime NY-ESO-1 specific T cells. LV305 has single agent activity, and, in one case, caused a durable partial response in a refractory SS patient. CMB305 also includes a boost from a NY-ESO-1 protein vaccine given along with a potent toll-like-4 receptor agonist, glycopyranosyl lipid A. CMB305 induces NY-ESO-1 specific T cell responses in both SS and MRC patients and these patients had excellent overall survival (OS) outcomes in the initial phase I study. EXPERT COMMENTARY CMB305 is a therapeutic vaccine regimen targeting NY-ESO-1 based on the lentiviral vaccine vector, LV305. Phase I studies have proven this vaccine is active immunologically. Data suggesting this vaccine may improve OS for SS and MRCL patients is exciting but early, and on-going work is testing the impact of CMB305 on patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth M Pollack
- a Clinical Research Division , Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle , WA , USA
- b Department of Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
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21
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Hotblack A, Seshadri S, Zhang L, Hamrang-Yousefi S, Chakraverty R, Escors D, Bennett CL. Dendritic Cells Cross-Present Immunogenic Lentivector-Encoded Antigen from Transduced Cells to Prime Functional T Cell Immunity. Mol Ther 2017; 25:504-511. [PMID: 28153097 PMCID: PMC5368353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant lentiviral vectors (LVs) are highly effective vaccination vehicles that elicit protective T cell immunity in disease models. Dendritic cells (DCs) acquire antigen at sites of vaccination and migrate to draining lymph nodes, where they prime vaccine-specific T cells. The potency with which LVs activate CD8+ T cell immunity has been attributed to the transduction of DCs at the immunization site and durable presentation of LV-encoded antigens. However, it is not known how LV-encoded antigens continue to be presented to T cells once directly transduced DCs have turned over. Here, we report that LV-encoded antigen is efficiently cross-presented by DCs in vitro. We have further exploited the temporal depletion of DCs in the murine CD11c.DTR (diphtheria toxin receptor) model to demonstrate that repopulating DCs that were absent at the time of immunization cross-present LV-encoded antigen to T cells in vivo. Indirect presentation of antigen from transduced cells by DCs is sufficient to prime functional effector T cells that control tumor growth. These data suggest that DCs cross-present immunogenic antigen from LV-transduced cells, thereby facilitating prolonged activation of T cells in the absence of circulating LV particles. These are findings that may impact on the future design of LV vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Hotblack
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Sara Seshadri
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK; Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK; Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Sahar Hamrang-Yousefi
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK; Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ronjon Chakraverty
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK; Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - David Escors
- Immunomodulation Group, Navarrabiomed-Fundaçion Miguel Servet, Calle de Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Clare L Bennett
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK; Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK.
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22
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Strategies to enhance immunogenicity of cDNA vaccine encoded antigens by modulation of antigen processing. Vaccine 2016; 34:5132-5140. [PMID: 27593157 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Most vaccines are based on protective humoral responses while for intracellular pathogens CD8(+) T cells are regularly needed to provide protection. However, poor processing efficiency of antigens is often a limiting factor in CD8(+) T cell priming, hampering vaccine efficacy. The multistage cDNA vaccine H56, encoding three secreted Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens, was used to test a complete strategy to enhance vaccine' immunogenicity. Potential CD8(+) T cell epitopes in H56 were predicted using the NetMHC3.4/ANN program. Mice were immunized with H56 cDNA using dermal DNA tattoo immunization and epitope candidates were tested for recognition by responding CD8(+) T cells in ex vivo assays. Seven novel CD8(+) T cell epitopes were identified. H56 immunogenicity could be substantially enhanced by two strategies: (i) fusion of the H56 sequence to cDNA of proteins that modify intracellular antigen processing or provide CD4(+) T cell help, (ii) by substitution of the epitope's hydrophobic C-terminal flanking residues for polar glutamic acid, which facilitated their proteasome-mediated generation. We conclude that this whole strategy of in silico prediction of potential CD8(+) T cell epitopes in novel antigens, followed by fusion to sequences with immunogenicity-enhancing properties or modification of epitope flanking sequences to improve proteasome-mediated processing, may be exploited to design novel vaccines against emerging or 'hard to treat' intracellular pathogens.
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23
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Dai S, Zhuo M, Song L, Chen X, Yu Y, Zang G, Tang Z. Lentiviral vector encoding ubiquitinated hepatitis B core antigen induces potent cellular immune responses and therapeutic immunity in HBV transgenic mice. Immunobiology 2016; 221:813-21. [PMID: 26874581 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Predominant T helper cell type 1 (Th1) immune responses accompanied by boosted HBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity are essential for the clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Ubiquitin (Ub) serves as a signal for the target protein to be recognized and degraded through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Ubiquitinated hepatitis B core antigen (Ub-HBcAg) has been proved to be efficiently degraded into the peptides, which can be presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I resulting in stimulating cell-mediated responses. In the present study, lentiviral vectors encoding Ub-HBcAg (LV-Ub-HBcAg) were designed and constructed as a therapeutic vaccine for immunotherapy. HBcAg-specific cellular immune responses and anti-viral effects induced by LV-Ub-HBcAg were evaluated in HBV transgenic mice. We demonstrated that immunization with LV-Ub-HBcAg promoted the secretion of cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), generated remarkably high percentages of IFN-γ-secreting CD8(+) T cells and CD4(+) T cells, and enhanced HBcAg-specific CTL activity in HBV transgenic mice. More importantly, vaccination with LV-Ub-HBcAg could efficiently decreased the levels of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), HBV DNA and the expression of HBsAg and HBcAg in liver tissues of HBV transgenic mice. In addition, LV-Ub-HBcAg could upregulate the expression of T cell-specific T-box transcription factor (T-bet) and downregulate the expression of GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA-3) in spleen T lymphocytes. The therapeutic vaccine LV-Ub-HBcAg could break immune tolerance, and induce potent HBcAg specific cellular immune responses and therapeutic effects in HBV transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Dai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233,China
| | - Meng Zhuo
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233,China
| | - Linlin Song
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233,China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233,China
| | - Yongsheng Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233,China
| | - Guoqing Zang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233,China.
| | - Zhenghao Tang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233,China.
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24
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Goyvaerts C, Broos K, Escors D, Heirman C, Raes G, De Baetselier P, Thielemans K, Breckpot K. The transduction pattern of IL-12-encoding lentiviral vectors shapes the immunological outcome. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:3351-61. [PMID: 26377033 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In situ modification of antigen-presenting cells garnered interest in cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, we developed APC-targeted lentiviral vectors (LVs). Unexpectedly, these LVs were inferior vaccines to broad tropism LVs. Since IL-12 is a potent mediator of antitumor immunity, we evaluated whether this proinflammatory cytokine could enhance antitumor immunity of an APC-targeted LV-based vaccine. Therefore, we compared subcutaneous administration of broad tropism LVs (VSV-G-LV) with APC-targeted LVs (DC2.1-LV)-encoding enhanced GFP and ovalbumin, or IL-12 and ovalbumin in mice. We show that codelivery of IL-12 by VSV-G-LVs or DC2.1-LVs augments CD4(+) or CD8(+) T-cell proliferation, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate that codelivery of IL-12 enhances the CD4(+) TH 1 profile irrespective of its delivery mode, while an increase in cytotoxic and therapeutic CD8(+) T cells was only induced upon VSV-G-LV injection. While codelivery of IL-12 by DC2.1-LVs did not enhance CD8(+) T-cell performance, it increased expression of inhibitory checkpoint markers Lag3, Tim3, and PD-1. Finally, the discrepancy between CD4(+) T-cell stimulation with and without functional CD8(+) T-cell stimulation by VSV-G- and DC2.1-LVs is partly explained by the observation that IL-12 relieves CD8(+) T cells from CD4(+) T-cell help, implying that a T(H)1 profile is of minor importance for antitumor immunotherapy if IL-12 is exogenously delivered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo Goyvaerts
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katrijn Broos
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Escors
- Navarrabiomed-Fundación Miguel Servet, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlo Heirman
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert Raes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,VIB Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Baetselier
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,VIB Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris Thielemans
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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25
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Amodio G, Annoni A, Gregori S. Dendritic Cell Immune Therapy to Break or Induce Tolerance. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-015-0024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Britton G, MacDonald DC, Brown JS, Collins MK, Goodman AL. Using a prime and pull approach, lentivector vaccines expressing Ag85A induce immunogenicity but fail to induce protection against Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin challenge in mice. Immunology 2015; 146:264-70. [PMID: 26095282 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is an established vaccine with excellent efficacy against disseminated Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in young children, efficacy in adults suffering from respiratory tuberculosis (TB) is suboptimal. Prime-boost viral vectored vaccines have been shown to induce effective immune responses and lentivectors (LV) have been shown to improve mucosal immunity in the lung. A mucosal boost to induce local immunogenicity is also referred to as a 'pull' in a prime and pull approach, which has been found to be a promising vaccine strategy. The majority of infants worldwide receive BCG immunization through current vaccine protocols. We therefore aimed to investigate the role of a boost (or pull) immunization with an LV vaccine expressing the promising TB antigen (Ag85A). We immunized BALB/c mice subcutaneously with BCG or an LV vaccine expressing a nuclear factor-κB activator vFLIP together with Ag85A (LV vF/85A), then boosted with intranasal LV vF/85A. Prime and pull immunization with LV85A induced significantly enhanced CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell responses in the lung, but did not protect against intranasal BCG challenge. In contrast, little T-cell response in the lung was seen when the prime vaccine was BCG, and intranasal vF/85A provided no additional protection against mucosal BCG infection. Our study demonstrates that not all LV prime and pull approaches may be successful against TB in man and careful antigen and immune activator selection is therefore required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Britton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jeremy S Brown
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mary K Collins
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.,National Institute of Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Herts, UK
| | - Anna L Goodman
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
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27
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Yang E, Wang F, Xu Y, Wang H, Hu Y, Shen H, Chen ZW. A lentiviral vector-based therapeutic vaccine encoding Ag85B-Rv3425 potently increases resistance to acute tuberculosis infection in mice. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:588-96. [PMID: 26112017 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Few treatment options for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB call attention to the development of novel therapeutic approaches for TB. Therapeutic vaccines are promising candidates because they can induce antigen-specific cellular immune responses, which play an important role in the elimination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). In this study, a novel lentiviral vector therapeutic vaccine for delivering MTB-specific fusion protein Ag85B-Rv3425 was constructed. Results showed that one single-injection of this recombinant lentivirus vaccine could trigger antigen-specific Th1-type immune responses in mice. More importantly, mice with acute infection benefited a lot from a single-dose administration of this vaccine by markedly reduced MTB burdens in lungs and spleens as well as attenuated lesions in lungs compared with untreated mice. These results displayed good prospects of this novel vaccine for the immunotherapy of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzhuo Yang
- Unit of Anti-Tuberculosis Immunity, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Honghai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hongbo Shen
- Unit of Anti-Tuberculosis Immunity, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zheng W Chen
- Unit of Anti-Tuberculosis Immunity, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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28
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Liu Y, Xiao L, Joo KI, Hu B, Fang J, Wang P. In situ modulation of dendritic cells by injectable thermosensitive hydrogels for cancer vaccines in mice. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3836-45. [PMID: 25207465 PMCID: PMC4195289 DOI: 10.1021/bm501166j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Attempts to develop cell-based cancer vaccines have shown limited efficacy, partly because transplanted dendritic cells (DCs) do not survive long enough to reach the lymph nodes. The development of biomaterials capable of modulating DCs in situ to enhance antigen uptake and presentation has emerged as a novel method toward developing more efficient cancer vaccines. Here, we propose a two-step hybrid strategy to produce a more robust cell-based cancer vaccine in situ. First, a significant number of DCs are recruited to an injectable thermosensitive mPEG-PLGA hydrogel through sustained release of chemoattractants, in particular, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Then, these resident DCs can be loaded with cancer antigens through the use of viral or nonviral vectors. We demonstrate that GM-CSF-releasing mPEG-PLGA hydrogels successfully recruit and house DCs and macrophages, allowing the subsequent introduction of antigens by vectors to activate the resident cells, thus, initiating antigen presentation and triggering immune response. Moreover, this two-step hybrid strategy generates a high level of tumor-specific immunity, as demonstrated in both prophylactic and therapeutic models of murine melanoma. This injectable thermosensitive hydrogel shows great promise as an adjuvant for cancer vaccines, potentially providing a new approach for cell therapies through in situ modulation of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarong Liu
- Mork Family Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Liang Xiao
- Mork Family Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Kye-Il Joo
- Mork Family Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Biliang Hu
- Mork Family Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Jinxu Fang
- Mork Family Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Pin Wang
- Mork Family Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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29
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Spencer AJ, Cottingham MG, Jenks JA, Longley RJ, Capone S, Colloca S, Folgori A, Cortese R, Nicosia A, Bregu M, Hill AVS. Enhanced vaccine-induced CD8+ T cell responses to malaria antigen ME-TRAP by fusion to MHC class ii invariant chain. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100538. [PMID: 24945248 PMCID: PMC4063960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The orthodox role of the invariant chain (CD74; Ii) is in antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells, but enhanced CD8+ T cells responses have been reported after vaccination with vectored viral vaccines encoding a fusion of Ii to the antigen of interest. In this study we assessed whether fusion of the malarial antigen, ME-TRAP, to Ii could increase the vaccine-induced CD8+ T cell response. Following single or heterologous prime-boost vaccination of mice with a recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus vector, ChAd63, or recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), higher frequencies of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were observed, with the largest increases observed following a ChAd63-MVA heterologous prime-boost regimen. Studies in non-human primates confirmed the ability of Ii-fusion to augment the T cell response, where a 4-fold increase was maintained up to 11 weeks after the MVA boost. Of the numerous different approaches explored to increase vectored vaccine induced immunogenicity over the years, fusion to the invariant chain showed a consistent enhancement in CD8+ T cell responses across different animal species and may therefore find application in the development of vaccines against human malaria and other diseases where high levels of cell-mediated immunity are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rhea J. Longley
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Riccardo Cortese
- Okairos, Rome, Italy
- Okairos AG, c/o OBC Suisse AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Nicosia
- Okairos, Rome, Italy
- CEINGE, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Migena Bregu
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Capone S, Naddeo M, D'Alise AM, Abbate A, Grazioli F, Del Gaudio A, Del Sorbo M, Esposito ML, Ammendola V, Perretta G, Taglioni A, Colloca S, Nicosia A, Cortese R, Folgori A. Fusion of HCV nonstructural antigen to MHC class II-associated invariant chain enhances T-cell responses induced by vectored vaccines in nonhuman primates. Mol Ther 2014; 22:1039-47. [PMID: 24476798 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite viral vectors being potent inducers of antigen-specific T cells, strategies to further improve their immunogenicity are actively pursued. Of the numerous approaches investigated, fusion of the encoded antigen to major histocompatibility complex class II-associated invariant chain (Ii) has been reported to enhance CD8(+) T-cell responses. We have previously shown that adenovirus vaccine encoding nonstructural (NS) hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins induces potent T-cell responses in humans. However, even higher T-cell responses might be required to achieve efficacy against different HCV genotypes or therapeutic effect in chronically infected HCV patients. In this study, we assessed fusion of the HCV NS antigen to murine and human Ii expressed by the chimpanzee adenovirus vector ChAd3 or recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara in mice and nonhuman primates (NHPs). A dramatic increase was observed in outbred mice in which vaccination with ChAd3 expressing the fusion antigen resulted in a 10-fold increase in interferon-γ(+) CD8(+) T cells. In NHPs, CD8(+) T-cell responses were enhanced and accelerated with vectors encoding the Ii-fused antigen. These data show for the first time that the enhancement induced by vector vaccines encoding li-fused antigen was not species specific and can be translated from mice to NHPs, opening the way for testing in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gemma Perretta
- Cellular Biology and Neurobiology Institute (IBCN) National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Taglioni
- Cellular Biology and Neurobiology Institute (IBCN) National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alfredo Nicosia
- 1] Okairos, Rome, Italy [2] CEINGE, Naples, Italy [3] Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cortese
- 1] Okairos, Rome, Italy [2] Okairos AG, c/o OBC Suisse AG, Basel, Switzerland
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31
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Chen X, Chang CH, Goldenberg DM. Novel strategies for improved cancer vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 8:567-76. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.09.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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32
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Macdonald DC, Singh H, Whelan MA, Escors D, Arce F, Bottoms SE, Barclay WS, Maini M, Collins MK, Rosenberg WMC. Harnessing alveolar macrophages for sustained mucosal T-cell recall confers long-term protection to mice against lethal influenza challenge without clinical disease. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:89-100. [PMID: 23715172 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines that induce T cells, which recognize conserved viral proteins, could confer universal protection against seasonal and pandemic influenza strains. An effective vaccine should generate sufficient mucosal T cells to ensure rapid viral control before clinical disease. However, T cells may also cause lung injury in influenza, so this approach carries inherent risks. Here we describe intranasal immunization of mice with a lentiviral vector expressing influenza nucleoprotein (NP), together with an NFκB activator, which transduces over 75% of alveolar macrophages (AM). This strategy recalls and expands NP-specific CD8+ T cells in the lung and airway of mice that have been immunized subcutaneously, or previously exposed to influenza. Granzyme B-high, lung-resident T-cell populations persist for at least 4 months and can control a lethal influenza challenge without harmful cytokine responses, weight loss, or lung injury. These data demonstrate that AM can be harnessed as effective antigen-presenting cells for influenza vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Macdonald
- Division of Infection and Immunity and MRC Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, University College London, London, UK
| | - H Singh
- Division of Infection and Immunity and MRC Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, University College London, London, UK
| | - M A Whelan
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Escors
- Division of Infection and Immunity and MRC Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, University College London, London, UK
| | - F Arce
- Division of Infection and Immunity and MRC Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, University College London, London, UK
| | - S E Bottoms
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - W S Barclay
- Division of Virology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, UK
| | - M Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity and MRC Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, University College London, London, UK
| | - M K Collins
- Division of Infection and Immunity and MRC Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, University College London, London, UK
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Ciabattini A, Pettini E, Medaglini D. CD4(+) T Cell Priming as Biomarker to Study Immune Response to Preventive Vaccines. Front Immunol 2013; 4:421. [PMID: 24363656 PMCID: PMC3850413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell priming is a critical event in the initiation of the immune response to vaccination since it deeply influences both the magnitude and the quality of the immune response induced. CD4(+) T cell priming, required for the induction of high-affinity antibodies and immune memory, represents a key target for improving and modulating vaccine immunogenicity. A major challenge in the study of in vivo T cell priming is due to the low frequency of antigen-specific T cells. This review discusses the current knowledge on antigen-specific CD4(+) T cell priming in the context of vaccination, as well as the most advanced tools for the characterization of the in vivo T cell priming and the opportunities offered by the application of systems biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Ciabattini
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia Molecolare e Biotecnologia (LA.M.M.B.), Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Pettini
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia Molecolare e Biotecnologia (LA.M.M.B.), Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Donata Medaglini
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia Molecolare e Biotecnologia (LA.M.M.B.), Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
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Abstract
The success of immunotherapy against infectious diseases has shown us the powerful potential that such a treatment offers, and substantial work has been done to apply this strategy in the fight against cancer. Cancer is however a fiercer opponent than pathogen-caused diseases due to natural tolerance towards tumour associated antigens and tumour-induced immunosuppression. Recent gene therapy clinical trials with viral vectors have shown clinical efficacy in the correction of genetic diseases, HIV and cancer. The first successful gene therapy clinical trials were carried out with onco(γ-)retroviral vectors but oncogenesis by insertional mutagenesis appeared as a serious complication. Lentiviral vectors have emerged as a potentially safer strategy, and recently the first clinical trial of patients with advanced leukemia using lentiviral vectors has proven successful. Additionally, therapeutic lentivectors have shown clinical efficacy for the treatment of HIV, X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, and β-thalassaemia. This review aims at describing lentivectors and how they can be utilized to boost anti-tumour immune responses by manipulating the effector immune cells.
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Liechtenstein T, Perez-Janices N, Bricogne C, Lanna A, Dufait I, Goyvaerts C, Laranga R, Padella A, Arce F, Baratchian M, Ramirez N, Lopez N, Kochan G, Blanco-Luquin I, Guerrero-Setas D, Breckpot K, Escors D. Immune modulation by genetic modification of dendritic cells with lentiviral vectors. Virus Res 2013; 176:1-15. [PMID: 23726846 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Our work over the past eight years has focused on the use of HIV-1 lentiviral vectors (lentivectors) for the genetic modification of dendritic cells (DCs) to control their functions in immune modulation. DCs are key professional antigen presenting cells which regulate the activity of most effector immune cells, including T, B and NK cells. Their genetic modification provides the means for the development of targeted therapies towards cancer and autoimmune disease. We have been modulating with lentivectors the activity of intracellular signalling pathways and co-stimulation during antigen presentation to T cells, to fine-tune the type and strength of the immune response. In the course of our research, we have found unexpected results such as the surprising immunosuppressive role of anti-viral signalling pathways, and the close link between negative co-stimulation in the immunological synapse and T cell receptor trafficking. Here we review our major findings and put them into context with other published work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Liechtenstein
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Rayne Institute, University College London, London, UK
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Annoni A, Goudy K, Akbarpour M, Naldini L, Roncarolo MG. Immune responses in liver-directed lentiviral gene therapy. Transl Res 2013; 161:230-40. [PMID: 23360745 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of lentiviral vectors (LV)s for in vivo gene therapy is an ideal platform for treating many types of disease. Since LVs can transduce a wide array of cells, support long-term gene expression, and be modified to enhance cell targeting, LVs are a powerful modality to deliver life-long therapeutic proteins. A major limitation facing the use of LVs for in vivo gene therapy is the induction of immune responses, which can reduce the transduction efficiency of LV, eliminate the transduced cells, and inhibit the effect of the therapeutic protein. LV strategies designed to restrict transgene expression to the liver to exploit its naturally tolerogenic properties have proven to significantly reduce the induction of pathogenic immune responses and increase therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we outline the immunological hurdles facing in vivo LV gene therapy and highlight the advantages and limitations of using liver-directed LV gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Annoni
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (HSR-TIGET), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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37
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Chan YR, Chen K, Duncan SR, Lathrop KL, Latoche JD, Logar AJ, Pociask DA, Wahlberg BJ, Ray P, Ray A, Pilewski JM, Kolls JK. Patients with cystic fibrosis have inducible IL-17+IL-22+ memory cells in lung draining lymph nodes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:1117-29, 1129.e1-5. [PMID: 22795370 PMCID: PMC3488163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-17 is an important cytokine signature of the TH differentiation pathway TH17. This T-cell subset is crucial in mediating autoimmune disease or antimicrobial immunity in animal models, but its presence and role in human disease remain to be completely characterized. OBJECTIVE We set out to determine the frequency of TH17 cells in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), a disease in which there is recurrent infection with known pathogens. METHODS Explanted lungs from patients undergoing transplantation or organ donors (CF samples=18; non-CF, nonbronchiectatic samples=10) were collected. Hilar nodes and parenchymal lung tissue were processed and examined for TH17 signature by using immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time PCR. T cells were isolated and stimulated with antigens from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus species. Cytokine profiles and staining with flow cytometry were used to assess the reactivity of these cells to antigen stimulation. RESULTS We found a strong IL-17 phenotype in patients with CF compared with that seen in control subjects without CF. Within this tissue, we found pathogenic antigen-responsive CD4+IL-17+ cells. There were double-positive IL-17+IL-22+ cells [TH17(22)], and the IL-22+ population had a higher proportion of memory characteristics. Antigen-specific TH17 responses were stronger in the draining lymph nodes compared with those seen in matched parenchymal lungs. CONCLUSION Inducible proliferation of TH17(22) with memory cell characteristics is seen in the lungs of patients with CF. The function of these individual subpopulations will require further study regarding their development. T cells are likely not the exclusive producers of IL-17 and IL-22, and this will require further characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne R Chan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, the Eye and Ear Institute, University of Pittsburgh, and the Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Coutant F, Sanchez David RY, Félix T, Boulay A, Caleechurn L, Souque P, Thouvenot C, Bourgouin C, Beignon AS, Charneau P. A nonintegrative lentiviral vector-based vaccine provides long-term sterile protection against malaria. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48644. [PMID: 23133649 PMCID: PMC3487763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Trials testing the RTS,S candidate malaria vaccine and radiation-attenuated sporozoites (RAS) have shown that protective immunity against malaria can be induced and that an effective vaccine is not out of reach. However, longer-term protection and higher protection rates are required to eradicate malaria from the endemic regions. It implies that there is still a need to explore new vaccine strategies. Lentiviral vectors are very potent at inducing strong immunological memory. However their integrative status challenges their safety profile. Eliminating the integration step obviates the risk of insertional oncogenesis. Providing they confer sterile immunity, nonintegrative lentiviral vectors (NILV) hold promise as mass pediatric vaccine by meeting high safety standards. In this study, we have assessed the protective efficacy of NILV against malaria in a robust pre-clinical model. Mice were immunized with NILV encoding Plasmodium yoelii Circumsporozoite Protein (Py CSP) and challenged with sporozoites one month later. In two independent protective efficacy studies, 50% (37.5-62.5) of the animals were fully protected (p = 0.0072 and p = 0.0008 respectively when compared to naive mice). The remaining mice with detectable parasitized red blood cells exhibited a prolonged patency and reduced parasitemia. Moreover, protection was long-lasting with 42.8% sterile protection six months after the last immunization (p = 0.0042). Post-challenge CD8+ T cells to CSP, in contrast to anti-CSP antibodies, were associated with protection (r = -0.6615 and p = 0.0004 between the frequency of IFN-g secreting specific T cells in spleen and parasitemia). However, while NILV and RAS immunizations elicited comparable immunity to CSP, only RAS conferred 100% of sterile protection. Given that a better protection can be anticipated from a multi-antigen vaccine and an optimized vector design, NILV appear as a promising malaria vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Coutant
- Unité Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur and CNRS URA3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Raul Yusef Sanchez David
- Unité Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur and CNRS URA3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Tristan Félix
- Unité Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur and CNRS URA3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Aude Boulay
- Unité Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur and CNRS URA3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laxmee Caleechurn
- Unité Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur and CNRS URA3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Souque
- Unité Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur and CNRS URA3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Thouvenot
- Centre de Production et d’Infection des Anophèles (CEPIA), Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Bourgouin
- Centre de Production et d’Infection des Anophèles (CEPIA), Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Beignon
- Unité Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur and CNRS URA3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Charneau
- Unité Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur and CNRS URA3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Delivery of interferons and siRNA targeting STAT3 using lentiviral vectors suppresses the growth of murine melanoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2012; 19:822-7. [PMID: 23018621 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2012.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) have been investigated as important cytokines in immunotherapy. The use of IFNs in cancer immunotherapy has had limited success. In this study, IFN genes were delivered into B16 melanoma cells by lentiviral vectors, and their effects on B16 melanoma were comprehensively analyzed. Type II IFN significantly impaired the viability of B16 cells in vitro. Expression of IFNα and IFNβ in B16 cells efficiently suppressed the establishment of inoculated melanoma. However, intratumoral delivery of IFNs alone with lentiviral vectors had no therapeutic effects on established melanoma. To address the lack of response, a lentivector was constructed to simultaneously transfer therapeutic genes and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). IFNs and siRNA targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which is a major immune suppressive transcription factor in melanoma, were delivered simultaneously into the tumor milieu. This treatment successfully rescued the response to IFNγ and attenuated the growth of established tumors. This method has the potential to improve the therapeutic effects of IFNs in cancer immunotherapy.
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Abstract
Viral vectors have been developed as vaccine platforms for a number of pathogens and tumors. In particular, adenovirus (Ad)-based vectors expressing genes coding for pathogen or tumor antigens have proven efficacious to induce protective immunity. Major challenges in the use of Ad vectors are the high prevalence of anti-Ad immunity and the recent observation during an Ad-based HIV vaccine trial that led to increased HIV-1 acquisition in the presence of circulating anti-Ad5 neutralizing antibodies. In this review we summarize strategies to address these challenges and focus on modifications of the Ad capsid to enhance the adjuvant effect of anti-Ad immunogenicity and to circumvent pre-existing immunity. In addition, we summarize the current status and potential of other viral vector vaccines based on adeno-associated viruses, lentiviruses and poxviruses.
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Gottrand G, Taleb K, Ragon I, Bergot AS, Goldstein JD, Marodon G. Intrathymic injection of lentiviral vector curtails the immune response in the periphery of normal mice. J Gene Med 2012; 14:90-9. [PMID: 22228582 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene transfer in the thymus, based on HIV-derived lentiviral vectors, is a promising avenue for modulation of T cell selection and autoimmunity. However, the impact of intrathymic (IT) injections on an antigen-specific immune response elicited in the periphery of normal mice has not been investigated yet. METHODS Highly concentrated stocks of lentiviral vectors expressing the soluble form of hemaglutinin of the influenza virus (LvHA) were injected in the thymus of normal BALB/c mice. The CD4 and CD8-mediated immune responses to HA after peripheral immunization were measured by various parameters. RESULTS We first show that a lentiviral vector expressing the luciferase was detected for at least 2 months after IT-injections. We then show that the LvHA vector could elicit a functional CD4- and CD8-T cell-mediated immune responses in the peripheral lymphoid organs of BALB/c mice. IT-injection of the LvHA vector significantly curbed this response: lower numbers of transferred HA-specific CD4(+) T cells were found in LvHA-injected compared to control animals. Furthermore, lower frequencies of HA-specific CD8(+) T cells, interferon γ-producing cells and cytotoxic cells were detected from 3 weeks to 3 months in LvHA-injected mice compared to controls. However, these reduced CD8-mediated responses were not increased after depletion of CD25(+) cells in vitro or in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in the present study show that injection of the LvHA lentiviral vector significantly curtailed the immune response to the same antigen in the periphery. Increased selection of HA-specific regulatory T cells and negative selection of HA-specific CD8(+) T cell precursors may explain the results. Our work establish the feasibility of IT-injections of lentiviral vectors to manipulate T cell tolerance in the thymus of normal mice, for basic and pre-clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Gottrand
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UPMC University of Paris 06, Paris, France
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Abstract
More than two decades have passed since genetically modified HIV was used for gene delivery. Through continuous improvements these early marker gene-carrying HIVs have evolved into safer and more effective lentiviral vectors. Lentiviral vectors offer several attractive properties as gene-delivery vehicles, including: (i) sustained gene delivery through stable vector integration into host genome; (ii) the capability of infecting both dividing and non-dividing cells; (iii) broad tissue tropisms, including important gene- and cell-therapy-target cell types; (iv) no expression of viral proteins after vector transduction; (v) the ability to deliver complex genetic elements, such as polycistronic or intron-containing sequences; (vi) potentially safer integration site profile; and (vii) a relatively easy system for vector manipulation and production. Accordingly, lentivector technologies now have widespread use in basic biology and translational studies for stable transgene overexpression, persistent gene silencing, immunization, in vivo imaging, generating transgenic animals, induction of pluripotent cells, stem cell modification and lineage tracking, or site-directed gene editing. Moreover, in the present high-throughput '-omics' era, the commercial availability of premade lentiviral vectors, which are engineered to express or silence genome-wide genes, accelerates the rapid expansion of this vector technology. In the present review, we assess the advances in lentiviral vector technology, including basic lentivirology, vector designs for improved efficiency and biosafety, protocols for vector production and infection, targeted gene delivery, advanced lentiviral applications and issues associated with the vector system.
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Franck E, Bonneau C, Jean L, Henry JP, Lacoume Y, Salvetti A, Boyer O, Adriouch S. Immunological tolerance to muscle autoantigens involves peripheral deletion of autoreactive CD8+ T cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36444. [PMID: 22570714 PMCID: PMC3343038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle potentially represents the most abundant source of autoantigens of the body and can be targeted by a variety of severe autoimmune diseases. Yet, the mechanisms of immunological tolerance toward muscle autoantigens remain mostly unknown. We investigated this issue in transgenic SM-Ova mice that express an ovalbumin (Ova) neo-autoantigen specifically in skeletal muscle. We previously reported that antigen specific CD4+ T cell are immunologically ignorant to endogenous Ova in this model but can be stimulated upon immunization. In contrast, Ova-specific CD8+ T cells were suspected to be either unresponsive to Ova challenge or functionally defective. We now extend our investigations on the mechanisms governing CD8+ tolerance in SM-Ova mice. We show herein that Ova-specific CD8+ T cells are not detected upon challenge with strongly immunogenic Ova vaccines even after depletion of regulatory T cells. Ova-specific CD8+ T cells from OT-I mice adoptively transferred to SM-Ova mice started to proliferate in vivo, acquired CD69 and PD-1 but subsequently down-regulated Bcl-2 and disappeared from the periphery, suggesting a mechanism of peripheral deletion. Peripheral deletion of endogenous Ova-specific cells was formally demonstrated in chimeric SM-Ova mice engrafted with bone marrow cells containing T cell precursors from OT-I TCR-transgenic mice. Thus, the present findings demonstrate that immunological tolerance to muscle autoantigens involves peripheral deletion of autoreactive CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Franck
- Inserm, U905, Rouen, France
- University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy, France
| | - Carole Bonneau
- Inserm, U905, Rouen, France
- University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy, France
| | - Laetitia Jean
- Inserm, U905, Rouen, France
- University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy, France
| | - Jean-Paul Henry
- University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy, France
- Inserm, U1096, Rouen, France
| | - Yann Lacoume
- University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy, France
| | - Anna Salvetti
- Inserm, U758, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon (ENS), Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Boyer
- Inserm, U905, Rouen, France
- University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy, France
- Department of Immunology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
- * E-mail: (OB); (SA)
| | - Sahil Adriouch
- Inserm, U905, Rouen, France
- University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy, France
- * E-mail: (OB); (SA)
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Hong Y, Peng Y, Xiao H, Mi M, Munn D, He Y. Immunoglobulin Fc fragment tagging allows strong activation of endogenous CD4 T cells to reshape the tumor milieu and enhance the antitumor effect of lentivector immunization. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:4819-27. [PMID: 22504640 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A major problem with current cancer vaccines is that the induction of CD8 immune responses is rarely associated with antitumor benefits, mainly owing to multiple immune suppressions in established tumor lesions. In this study, we investigated if and how activation of endogenous CD4 T cells could be achieved to influence the suppressive tumor milieu and antitumor effect. We engineered a lentivector (lv) to express a nominal fusion Ag composed of hepatitis B surface protein and IgG2a Fc fragment (HBS-Fc-lv) to increase the magnitude of CD8 response but, more importantly, to induce effective coactivation of CD4 T cells. We found that, remarkably, immunization with HBS-Fc-lv caused significant regression of established tumors. Immunologic analysis revealed that, compared with HBS-lv without Fc fragment, immunization with HBS-Fc-lv markedly increased the number of functional CD8 and CD4 T cells and the level of Th1/Tc1-like cytokines in the tumor while substantially decreasing the regulatory T cell ratio. The favorable immunologic changes in tumor lesions and the improvement of antitumor effects from HBS-Fc-lv immunization were dependent on the CD4 activation, which was Fc receptor mediated. Adoptive transfer of CD4 T cells from the HBS-Fc-lv-immunized mice could activate endogenous CD8 T cells in an IFN-γ-dependent manner. We conclude that endogenous CD4 T cells can be activated by lv expressing Fc-tagged Ag to provide another layer of help--that is, creating a Th1/Tc1-like proinflammatory milieu within the tumor lesion to boost the effector phase of immune responses in enhancing the antitumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hong
- Immunology/Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Alpizar YA, Karwacz K, Arce F, Yglesias Rivera A, Fernández LE, Collins MK, Sánchez Ramírez B. Lentiviral vector followed by protein immunisation breaks tolerance against the self-antigen Her1 and results in lung cancer immunotherapy. J Gene Med 2012; 14:151-7. [PMID: 22262303 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer mortality, and so the aim of the present study was to develop a therapeutic vaccine protocol. METHODS We constructed a lentiviral vector (LV) expressing the extracellular domain (ECD) of murine Her1, an antigen associated with poor prognosis in lung cancer. RESULTS A single LV injection, followed by two Her1 protein boosts, was effective in reducing the metastatic burden of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice. The Her1 LV immunisation generated CD8+ T cells that recognised Her1 ECD presented by dendritic cells, and that also homed to Her1-expressing tumours. Protein boosting further increased the CD8+ T cell response and generated anti-Her1 antibodies; in the antibody response, Her1 LV priming increased Th1-dependent immunoglobulin G2c production. CONCLUSIONS The ability of this vaccine protocol to break both T cell and B cell tolerance to a self-antigen likely explains its effectiveness.
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Di Nunzio F, Félix T, Arhel N, Nisole S, Charneau P, Beignon AS. HIV-derived vectors for therapy and vaccination against HIV. Vaccine 2012; 30:2499-509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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A TLR4 agonist synergizes with dendritic cell-directed lentiviral vectors for inducing antigen-specific immune responses. Vaccine 2012; 30:2570-81. [PMID: 22314134 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
TLR4 agonists can be used as adjuvants to trigger innate immune responses of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells (DCs) to enhance vaccine-specific immunity. Adjuvant effects of TLR4 agonists are mediated by downstream signaling controlled by both MyD88 and TRIF adapter proteins. In this study, we investigated the adjuvanting capacity of glucopyranosyl lipid A (GLA), a chemically synthesized TLR4 agonist, to boost antigen-specific immunity elicited by DC-directed lentiviral vectors (DC-LV). We found that stimulation by this agonist in vitro can activate DCs in a TLR4-dependent manner. The agonist can significantly boost DC-LV-induced humoral and cellular immune responses, resulting in better antitumor reactions in response to tumor challenges. We observed that the adjuvant-mediated enhancement of cytotoxic CD8(+) T cell responses is CD4(+) T cell-dependent and determined that in vitro the agonist stimulation involves the participation of both MyD88 and TRIF pathways to activate DCs. In vivo immunization study however revealed that adjuvant effects depend more on the MyD88 signaling as TRIF(-/-) mice but not MyD88(-/-) mice were able to maintain the enhanced CD8(+) T cell responses upon DC-LV immunization. Thus, our study supports the use of this TLR4 agonist as a potent adjuvant candidate for boosting DC-LV immunization.
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Rossetti M, Cavarelli M, Gregori S, Scarlatti G. HIV-Derived Vectors for Gene Therapy Targeting Dendritic Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 762:239-61. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4433-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Arce F, Breckpot K, Collins M, Escors D. Targeting lentiviral vectors for cancer immunotherapy. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2011; 7:248-260. [PMID: 22983382 DOI: 10.2174/157339411797642605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of tumour-associated antigens (TAA) in a way that induces effective, specific immunity is a challenge in anti-cancer vaccine design. Circumventing tumour-induced tolerogenic mechanisms in vivo is also critical for effective immunotherapy. Effective immune responses are induced by professional antigen presenting cells, in particular dendritic cells (DC). This requires presentation of the antigen to both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the context of strong co-stimulatory signals. Lentiviral vectors have been tested as vehicles, for both ex vivo and in vivo delivery of TAA and/or activation signals to DC, and have been demonstrated to induce potent T cell mediated immune responses that can control tumour growth. This review will focus on the use of lentiviral vectors for in vivo gene delivery to DC, introducing strategies to target DC, either targeting cell entry or gene expression to improve safety of the lentiviral vaccine or targeting dendritic cell activation pathways to enhance performance of the lentiviral vaccine. In conclusion, this review highlights the potential of lentiviral vectors as a generally applicable 'off-the-shelf' anti-cancer immunotherapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Arce
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Medical School of the Royal Free and University College London, 46 Cleveland Street, London W1T 4JF, United Kingdom
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Hu B, Tai A, Wang P. Immunization delivered by lentiviral vectors for cancer and infectious diseases. Immunol Rev 2011; 239:45-61. [PMID: 21198664 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2010.00967.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The increasing level of understanding of the lentivirus biology has been instrumental in shaping the design strategy of creating therapeutic lentiviral delivery vectors. As a result, lentiviral vectors have become one of the most powerful gene transfer vehicles. They are widely used for therapeutic purposes as well as in studies of basic biology, due to their unique characteristics. Lentiviral vectors have been successfully employed to mediate durable and efficient antigen expression and presentation in dendritic cells both in vitro and in vivo, leading to the activation of cellular immunity and humoral responses. This capability makes the lentiviral vector an ideal choice for immunizations that target a wide range of cancers and infectious diseases. Further advances into optimizing the vector system and understanding the relationship between the immune system and diseases pathogenesis will only augment the potential benefits and utility of lentiviral vaccines for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biliang Hu
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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