1
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Harita Y. Urinary extracellular vesicles in childhood kidney diseases. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:2293-2300. [PMID: 38093081 PMCID: PMC11199279 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Most biological fluids contain extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are surrounded by a lipid bilayer and contain biological macromolecules such as proteins, lipids, RNA, and DNA. They lack a functioning nucleus and are incapable of replicating. The physiological characteristics and molecular composition of EVs in body fluids provide valuable information about the status of originating cells. Consequently, they could be effectively utilized for diagnostic and prognostic applications. Urine contains a heterogeneous population of EVs. To date, these urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) have been ignored in the standard urinalysis. In recent years, knowledge has accumulated on how uEVs should be separated and analyzed. It has become clear how uEVs reflect the expression of each molecule in cells in nephron segments and how they are altered in disease states such as glomerular/tubular disorders, rare congenital diseases, acute kidney injury (AKI), and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Significant promise exists for the molecular expression signature of uEVs detected by simple techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), making them more applicable in clinical settings. This review presents the current understanding regarding uEVs, emphasizing the potential for non-invasive diagnostics, especially for childhood kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Harita
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
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2
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Shi L, Zeng H, An Z, Chen W, Shan Y, Ji C, Qian H. Extracellular vesicles: Illuminating renal pathophysiology and therapeutic frontiers. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 978:176720. [PMID: 38880217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are minute sacs released by cells into the extracellular milieu, harboring an array of biomolecules including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Notably, a large number of studies have demonstrated the important involvement of EVs in both physiological and pathological aspects of renal function. EVs can facilitate communication between different renal cells, but it is important to recognize their dual role: they can either transmit beneficial information or lead to renal damage and worsening of existing conditions. The composition of EVs in the context of the kidneys offers valuable insights into the intricate mechanisms underlying specific renal functions or disease states. In addition, mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs have the potential to alleviate acute and chronic kidney diseases. More importantly, the innate nanoparticle properties of EVs, coupled with their engineering potential, make them effective tools for drug delivery and therapeutic intervention. In this review, we focus on the intricate biological functions of EVs in the kidney. In addition, we explore the emerging role of EVs as diagnostic tools and innovative therapeutic agents in a range of renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linru Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Houcheng Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongwu An
- Department of Laboratory, Lianyungang Oriental Hospital, Lianyungang, 222042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenya Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunjie Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hui Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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3
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Korecka K, Gawin M, Pastuszka A, Partyka M, Koszutski T, Pietrowska M, Hyla-Klekot L. Proteomics of urinary small extracellular vesicles in early diagnosis of kidney diseases in children-expectations and limitations. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300168. [PMID: 38213025 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The primary function of the kidneys is to maintain systemic homeostasis (disruption of renal structure and function results in multilevel impairment of body function). Kidney diseases are characterized by a chronic, progressive course and may result in the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Evaluation of the composition of the proteome of urinary small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) as a so-called liquid biopsy is a promising new research direction. Knowing the composition of sEV could allow localization of cellular changes in specific sections of the nephron or the interstitial tissue before fixed changes, detectable only at an advanced stage of the disease, occur. Research is currently underway on the role of sEVs in the diagnosis and monitoring of many disease entities. Reports in the literature on the subject include: diabetic nephropathy, focal glomerulosclerosis in the course of glomerulopathies, renal fibrosis of various etiologies. Studies on pediatric patients are still few, involving piloting if small groups of patients without validation studies. Here, we review the literature addressing the use of sEV for diagnosis of the most common urinary disorders in children. We evaluate the clinical utility and define limitations of markers present in sEV as potential liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Korecka
- Clinical Department of Paediatric Surgery and Urology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Gawin
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pastuszka
- Clinical Department of Paediatric Surgery and Urology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Mirosław Partyka
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Koszutski
- Clinical Department of Paediatric Surgery and Urology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Monika Pietrowska
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Lidia Hyla-Klekot
- Clinical Department of Paediatric Surgery and Urology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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4
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Sun Y, Zhao H, Yang S, Wang G, Zhu L, Sun C, An Y. Urine-derived stem cells: Promising advancements and applications in regenerative medicine and beyond. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27306. [PMID: 38509987 PMCID: PMC10951541 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, stem cells are a prominent focus of regenerative engineering research. However, due to the limitations of commonly used stem cell sources, their application in therapy is often restricted to the experimental stage and constrained by ethical considerations. In contrast, urine-derived stem cells (USCs) offer promising advantages for clinical trials and applications. The noninvasive nature of the collection process allows for repeated retrieval within a short period, making it a more feasible option. Moreover, studies have shown that USCs have a protective effect on organs, promoting vascular regeneration, inhibiting oxidative stress, and reducing inflammation in various acute and chronic organ dysfunctions. The application of USCs has also been enhanced by advancements in biomaterials technology, enabling better targeting and controlled release capabilities. This review aims to summarize the current state of research on USCs, providing insights for future applications in basic and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shuguang Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, PR China
| | - Guangjie Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, PR China
| | - Leijie Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, PR China
| | - Chang Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, PR China
| | - Youzhong An
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, PR China
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5
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Garcia NA, Gonzalez-King H, Mellergaard M, Nair S, Salomon C, Handberg A. Comprehensive strategy for identifying extracellular vesicle surface proteins as biomarkers for chronic kidney disease. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1328362. [PMID: 38379702 PMCID: PMC10877036 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1328362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a significant health burden worldwide. Especially, obesity-induced chronic kidney disease (OCKD) is associated with a lack of accuracy in disease diagnostic methods. The identification of reliable biomarkers for the early diagnosis and monitoring of CKD and OCKD is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as potential biomarkers in the context of CKD. In this review, we focused on the role of EVs as potential biomarkers in CKD and OCKD and developed a comprehensive list of EV membrane proteins that could aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. To assemble our list, we employed a multi-step strategy. Initially, we conducted a thorough review of the literature on EV protein biomarkers in kidney diseases. Additionally, we explored papers investigating circulating proteins as biomarkers in kidney diseases. To further refine our list, we utilized the EV database Vesiclepedia.org to evaluate the qualifications of each identified protein. Furthermore, we consulted the Human Protein Atlas to assess the localization of these candidates, with a particular focus on membrane proteins. By integrating the information from the reviewed literature, Vesiclepedia.org, and the Human Protein Atlas, we compiled a comprehensive list of potential EV membrane protein biomarkers for CKD and OCKD. Overall, our review underscores the potential of EVs as biomarkers in the field of CKD research, providing a foundation for future studies aimed at improving CKD and OCKD diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hernan Gonzalez-King
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maiken Mellergaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Soumyalekshmi Nair
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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6
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Miron RJ, Estrin NE, Sculean A, Zhang Y. Understanding exosomes: Part 2-Emerging leaders in regenerative medicine. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:257-414. [PMID: 38591622 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are the smallest subset of extracellular signaling vesicles secreted by most cells with the ability to communicate with other tissues and cell types over long distances. Their use in regenerative medicine has gained tremendous momentum recently due to their ability to be utilized as therapeutic options for a wide array of diseases/conditions. Over 5000 publications are currently being published yearly on this topic, and this number is only expected to dramatically increase as novel therapeutic strategies continue to be developed. Today exosomes have been applied in numerous contexts including neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease, central nervous system, depression, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, post-traumatic stress disorders, traumatic brain injury, peripheral nerve injury), damaged organs (heart, kidney, liver, stroke, myocardial infarctions, myocardial infarctions, ovaries), degenerative processes (atherosclerosis, diabetes, hematology disorders, musculoskeletal degeneration, osteoradionecrosis, respiratory disease), infectious diseases (COVID-19, hepatitis), regenerative procedures (antiaging, bone regeneration, cartilage/joint regeneration, osteoarthritis, cutaneous wounds, dental regeneration, dermatology/skin regeneration, erectile dysfunction, hair regrowth, intervertebral disc repair, spinal cord injury, vascular regeneration), and cancer therapy (breast, colorectal, gastric cancer and osteosarcomas), immune function (allergy, autoimmune disorders, immune regulation, inflammatory diseases, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis). This scoping review is a first of its kind aimed at summarizing the extensive regenerative potential of exosomes over a broad range of diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nathan E Estrin
- Advanced PRF Education, Venice, Florida, USA
- School of Dental Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, University of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
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7
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Grange C, Dalmasso A, Cortez JJ, Spokeviciute B, Bussolati B. Exploring the role of urinary extracellular vesicles in kidney physiology, aging, and disease progression. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1439-C1450. [PMID: 37842748 PMCID: PMC10861146 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00349.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), membranous vesicles present in all body fluids, are considered important messengers, carrying their information over long distance and modulating the gene expression profile of recipient cells. EVs collected in urine (uEVs) are mainly originated from the apical part of urogenital tract, following the urine flow. Moreover, bacterial-derived EVs are present within urine and may reflect the composition of microbiota. Consolidated evidence has established the involvement of uEVs in renal physiology, being responsible for glomerular and tubular cross talk and among different tubular segments. uEVs may also be involved in other physiological functions such as modulation of innate immunity, coagulation, or metabolic activities. Furthermore, it has been recently remonstrated that age, sex, endurance excise, and lifestyle may influence uEV composition and release, modifying their cargo. On the other hand, uEVs appear modulators of different urogenital pathological conditions, triggering disease progression. uEVs sustain fibrosis and inflammation processes, both involved in acute and chronic kidney diseases, aging, and stone formation. The molecular signature of uEVs collected from diseased patients can be of interest for understanding kidney physiopathology and for identifying diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Grange
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessia Dalmasso
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Judiel John Cortez
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Beatrice Spokeviciute
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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8
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Cavaleiro C, Afonso GJM, Oliveira PJ, Valero J, Mota SI, Ferreiro E. Urine-derived stem cells in neurological diseases: current state-of-the-art and future directions. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1229728. [PMID: 37965041 PMCID: PMC10642248 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1229728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have potential applications in the field of neurological diseases, as they allow for the development of new biological models. These models can improve our understanding of the underlying pathologies and facilitate the screening of new therapeutics in the context of precision medicine. Stem cells have also been applied in clinical tests to repair tissues and improve functional recovery. Nevertheless, although promising, commonly used stem cells display some limitations that curb the scope of their applications, such as the difficulty of obtention. In that regard, urine-derived cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, their obtaining can be challenging due to the low yield and complexity of the multi-phased and typically expensive differentiation protocols. As an alternative, urine-derived stem cells (UDSCs), included within the population of urine-derived cells, present a mesenchymal-like phenotype and have shown promising properties for similar purposes. Importantly, UDSCs have been differentiated into neuronal-like cells, auspicious for disease modeling, while overcoming some of the shortcomings presented by other stem cells for these purposes. Thus, this review assesses the current state and future perspectives regarding the potential of UDSCs in the ambit of neurological diseases, both for disease modeling and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cavaleiro
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo J. M. Afonso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Valero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sandra I. Mota
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Ferreiro
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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9
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Ceccotti E, Saccu G, Herrera Sanchez MB, Bruno S. Naïve or Engineered Extracellular Vesicles from Different Cell Sources: Therapeutic Tools for Kidney Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1715. [PMID: 37376163 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal pathophysiology is a multifactorial process involving different kidney structures. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical condition characterized by tubular necrosis and glomerular hyperfiltration. The maladaptive repair after AKI predisposes to the onset of chronic kidney diseases (CKD). CKD is a progressive and irreversible loss of kidney function, characterized by fibrosis that could lead to end stage renal disease. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of the most recent scientific publications analyzing the therapeutic potential of Extracellular Vesicles (EV)-based treatments in different animal models of AKI and CKD. EVs from multiple sources act as paracrine effectors involved in cell-cell communication with pro-generative and low immunogenic properties. They represent innovative and promising natural drug delivery vehicles used to treat experimental acute and chronic kidney diseases. Differently from synthetic systems, EVs can cross biological barriers and deliver biomolecules to the recipient cells inducing a physiological response. Moreover, new methods for improving the EVs as carriers have been introduced, such as the engineering of the cargo, the modification of the proteins on the external membrane, or the pre-conditioning of the cell of origin. The new nano-medicine approaches based on bioengineered EVs are an attempt to enhance their drug delivery capacity for potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ceccotti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriele Saccu
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Beatriz Herrera Sanchez
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- 2i3T, Società per la Gestione dell'incubatore di Imprese e per il Trasferimento Tecnologico, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
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10
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Wang L, Wang D, Ye Z, Xu J. Engineering Extracellular Vesicles as Delivery Systems in Therapeutic Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300552. [PMID: 37080941 PMCID: PMC10265081 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are transport vesicles secreted by living cells and released into the extracellular environment. Recent studies have shown that EVs serve as "messengers" in intercellular and inter-organismal communication, in both normal and pathological processes. EVs, as natural nanocarriers, can deliver bioactivators in therapy with their endogenous transport properties. This review article describes the engineering EVs of sources, isolation method, cargo loading, boosting approach, and adjustable targeting of EVs. Furthermore, the review summarizes the recent progress made in EV-based delivery systems applications, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, liver, kidney, nervous system diseases, and COVID-19 and emphasizes the obstacles and challenges of EV-based therapies and possible strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgerythe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgerythe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopedic Surgerythe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgerythe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou CityZhejiang Province310009P. R. China
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11
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Wang C, Li SW, Zhong X, Liu BC, Lv LL. An update on renal fibrosis: from mechanisms to therapeutic strategies with a focus on extracellular vesicles. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2023; 42:174-187. [PMID: 37037480 PMCID: PMC10085720 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.22.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global public health concern. Despite the complicated pathogenesis of CKD, renal fibrosis represents the most common pathological condition, comprised of progressive accumulation of extracellular matrix in the diseased kidney. Over the last several decades, tremendous progress in understanding the mechanism of renal fibrosis has been achieved, and corresponding potential therapeutic strategies targeting fibrosis-related signaling pathways are emerging. Importantly, extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute significantly to renal inflammation and fibrosis by mediating cellular communication. Increasing evidence suggests the potential of EV-based therapy in renal inflammation and fibrosis, which may represent a future direction for CKD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lin-Li Lv
- Correspondence: Lin-Li Lv Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China. E-mail:
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12
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Liu LL, Shannahan J, Zheng W. Choroid Plexus Modulates Subventricular Zone Adult Neurogenesis and Olfaction Through Secretion of Small Extracellular Vesicles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.16.532966. [PMID: 36993578 PMCID: PMC10055063 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.16.532966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The choroid plexus (CP) in brain ventricles secrete cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that bathes the adjacent subventricular zone (SVZ); the latter is the largest neurogenic region in adult brain harboring neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) and supplies newborn neurons to the olfactory bulb (OB) for normal olfaction. We discovered the presence of a CP-SVZ regulatory (CSR) axis in which the CP, by secreting small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), regulated adult neurogenesis in the SVZ and maintained olfaction. The proposed CSR axis was supported by 1) differential neurogenesis outcomes in the OB when animals treated with intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of sEVs collected from the CP of normal or manganese (Mn)-poisoned mice, 2) progressively diminished SVZ adult neurogenesis in mice following CP-targeted knockdown of SMPD3 to suppress CP sEV secretion, and 3) compromised olfactory performance in these CP-SMPD3-knockdown mice. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the biological and physiological presence of this sEV-dependent CSR axis in adult brains. HIGHLIGHTS CP-secreted sEVs regulate adult neurogenesis in the SVZ.CP-secreted sEVs modulate newborn neurons in the OB.Suppression of sEV secretion from the CP deteriorates olfactory performance.
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Ren JR, Wang Z, Cheng Y, He CY, Jian JM, Fan DY, Shen YY, Chen DW, Li HY, Yi X, Zeng GH, Tan CR, Shi AY, Chen LY, Mao QX, Wang YJ, Wang J. Associations Between Plasma Klotho with Renal Function and Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid-β Levels in Alzheimer's Disease: The Chongqing Ageing & Dementia Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:477-485. [PMID: 36776069 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kidney-brain crosstalk has been involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) with the mechanism remaining unclear. The anti-aging factor Klotho was reported to attenuate both kidney injury and AD pathologies. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether plasma Klotho participated in kidney-brain crosstalk in AD. METHODS We enrolled 33 PiB-PET-positive AD patients and 33 amyloid-β (Aβ)-negative age- and sex-matched cognitively normal (CN) controls from the Chongqing Ageing & Dementia Study (CADS). The levels of plasma Klotho, Aβ, and tau in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS We found higher plasma Klotho and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels in AD patients compared with CN. The eGFR were positively associated with Aβ 42, Aβ 40 levels in CSF and negatively associated with CSF T-tau levels. Plasma Klotho levels were both negatively correlated with CSF Aβ 42 and eGFR. Mediation analysis showed that plasma Klotho mediated 24.96% of the association between eGFR and CSF Aβ 42. CONCLUSION Renal function impacts brain Aβ metabolism via the kidney-brain crosstalk, in which the plasma klotho may be involved as a mediator. Targeting Klotho to regulate the kidney-brain crosstalk provides potential therapeutic approaches for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Rong Ren
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen-Yang He
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie-Ming Jian
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong-Yu Fan
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying-Ying Shen
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong-Wan Chen
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui-Yun Li
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Yi
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Gui-Hua Zeng
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng-Rong Tan
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - An-Yu Shi
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Yong Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing-Xiang Mao
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing, China.,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
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14
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Erdbrügger U, Hoorn EJ, Le TH, Blijdorp CJ, Burger D. Extracellular Vesicles in Kidney Diseases: Moving Forward. KIDNEY360 2023; 4:245-257. [PMID: 36821616 PMCID: PMC10103258 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0001892022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are evolving as novel cell mediators, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets in kidney health and disease. They are naturally derived from cells both within and outside the kidney and carry cargo which mirrors the state of the parent cell. Thus, they are potentially more sensitive and disease-specific as biomarkers and messengers in various kidney diseases. Beside their role as novel communicators within the nephron, they likely communicate between different organs affected by various kidney diseases. Study of urinary EVs (uEVs) can help to fill current knowledge gaps in kidney diseases. However, separation and characterization are challenged by their heterogeneity in size, shape, and cargo. Fortunately, more sensitive and direct EV measuring tools are in development. Many clinical syndromes in nephrology from acute to chronic kidney and glomerular to tubular diseases have been studied. Yet, validation of biomarkers in larger cohorts is warranted and simpler tools are needed. Translation from in vitro to in vivo studies is also urgently needed. The therapeutic role of uEVs in kidney diseases has been studied extensively in rodent models of AKI. On the basis of the current exponential growth of EV research, the field of EV diagnostics and therapeutics is moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Erdbrügger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ewout J. Hoorn
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thu H. Le
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Charles J. Blijdorp
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Hun M, Wen H, Han P, Vun T, Zhao M, He Q. Bibliometric analysis of scientific papers on extracellular vesicles in kidney disease published between 1999 and 2022. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1070516. [PMID: 36684427 PMCID: PMC9849820 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1070516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in using extracellular vesicles (EVs) as potential therapeutic agents or natural drug delivery systems in kidney-related diseases. However, a detailed and targeted report on the current condition of extracellular vesicle research in kidney-related diseases is lacking. Therefore, this prospective study was designed to investigate the use of bibliometric analysis to comprehensively overview the current state of research and frontier trends on extracellular vesicle research in kidney-related diseases using visualization tools. Methods: The Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database was searched to identify publications related to extracellular vesicle research in kidney-related diseases since 1999. Citespace, Microsoft Excel 2019, VOSviewer software, the R Bibliometrix Package, and an online platform were used to analyze related research trends to stratify the publication data and collaborations. Results: From 1 January 1999 to 26 June 2022, a total of 1,122 EV-related articles and reviews were published, and 6,486 authors from 1,432 institutions in 63 countries or regions investigated the role of extracellular vesicles in kidney-related diseases. We found that the number of articles on extracellular vesicles in kidney-related diseases increased every year. Dozens of publications were from China and the United States. China had the most number of related publications, in which the Southeast University (China) was the most active institution in all EV-related fields. Liu Bi-cheng published the most papers on extracellular vesicles, while Clotilde Théry had the most number of co-citations. Most papers were published by The International Journal of Molecular Sciences, while Kidney International was the most co-cited journal for extracellular vesicles. We found that exosome-related keywords included exosome, exosm, expression, extracellular vesicle, microRNA, microvesicle, and liquid biopsy, while disease- and pathological-related keywords included biomarker, microRNA, apoptosis, mechanism, systemic lupus erythematosus, EGFR, acute kidney injury, and chronic kidney disease. Acute kidney disease (AKI), CKD, SLE, exosome, liquid biopsy, and extracellular vesicle were the hotspot in extracellular vesicle and kidney-related diseases research. Conclusion: The field of extracellular vesicles in kidney-related disease research is rapidly growing, and its domain is likely to expand in the next decade. The findings from this comprehensive analysis of extracellular vesicles in kidney-related disease research could help investigators to set new diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic ideas or methods in kidney-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marady Hun
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huai Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Phanna Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tharith Vun
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Mingyi Zhao, ; Qingnan He,
| | - Qingnan He
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Mingyi Zhao, ; Qingnan He,
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16
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Li J, Gong X. Bibliometric and visualization analysis of kidney repair associated with acute kidney injury from 2002 to 2022. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1101036. [PMID: 37153766 PMCID: PMC10157647 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1101036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Renal repair is closely related to the prognosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) and has attracted increasing attention in the research field. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive bibliometric analysis in this research area. This study aims at exploring the current status and hotspots of renal repair research in AKI from the perspective of bibliometrics. Methods: Studies published between 2002 and 2022 related to kidney repair after AKI were collected from Web of Science core collection (WoSCC) database. Bibliometric measurement and knowledge graph analysis to predict the latest research trends in the field were performed using bibliometrics software CiteSpace and VOSviewer. Results: The number of documents related to kidney repair after AKI has steadily increased over 20 years. The United States and China contribute more than 60% of documents and are the main drivers of research in this field. Harvard University is the most active academic institution that contributes the most documents. Humphreys BD and Bonventre JV are the most prolific authors and co-cited authors in the field. The American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology and Journal of the American Society of Nephrology are the most popular journals in the field with the greatest number of documents. "exosome", "macrophage polarization", "fibroblast", and" aki-ckd transition" are high-frequency keywords in this field in recent years. Extracellular vesicles (including exosomes), macrophage polarization, cell cycle arrest, hippo pathway, and sox9 are current research hotspots and potential targets in this field. Conclusion: This is the first comprehensive bibliometric study on the knowledge structure and development trend of AKI-related renal repair research in recent years. The results of the study comprehensively summarize and identify research frontiers in AKI-related renal repair.
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17
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Petrosyan A, Martins PN, Solez K, Uygun BE, Gorantla VS, Orlando G. Regenerative medicine applications: An overview of clinical trials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:942750. [PMID: 36507264 PMCID: PMC9732032 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.942750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Insights into the use of cellular therapeutics, extracellular vesicles (EVs), and tissue engineering strategies for regenerative medicine applications are continually emerging with a focus on personalized, patient-specific treatments. Multiple pre-clinical and clinical trials have demonstrated the strong potential of cellular therapies, such as stem cells, immune cells, and EVs, to modulate inflammatory immune responses and promote neoangiogenic regeneration in diseased organs, damaged grafts, and inflammatory diseases, including COVID-19. Over 5,000 registered clinical trials on ClinicalTrials.gov involve stem cell therapies across various organs such as lung, kidney, heart, and liver, among other applications. A vast majority of stem cell clinical trials have been focused on these therapies' safety and effectiveness. Advances in our understanding of stem cell heterogeneity, dosage specificity, and ex vivo manipulation of stem cell activity have shed light on the potential benefits of cellular therapies and supported expansion into clinical indications such as optimizing organ preservation before transplantation. Standardization of manufacturing protocols of tissue-engineered grafts is a critical first step towards the ultimate goal of whole organ engineering. Although various challenges and uncertainties are present in applying cellular and tissue engineering therapies, these fields' prospect remains promising for customized patient-specific treatments. Here we will review novel regenerative medicine applications involving cellular therapies, EVs, and tissue-engineered constructs currently investigated in the clinic to mitigate diseases and possible use of cellular therapeutics for solid organ transplantation. We will discuss how these strategies may help advance the therapeutic potential of regenerative and transplant medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astgik Petrosyan
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics in Urology, Division of Urology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Paulo N. Martins
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Division, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Kim Solez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Basak E. Uygun
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospitals for Children in Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vijay S. Gorantla
- Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center and Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Giuseppe Orlando
- Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center and Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
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18
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Cheng C, Guo F, Yang H, Ma J, Li H, Yin L, Li M, Liu S. Identification and analysis of the predictive urinary exosomal miR-195-5p in lupus nephritis based on renal miRNA-mRNA co-expression network. Lupus 2022; 31:1786-1799. [PMID: 36223498 DOI: 10.1177/09612033221133684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lupus nephritis (LN) is the main complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), causing huge financial burden and poor quality of life. Due to the low compliance of renal biopsy, we aim to find a non-invasive biomarker of LN to optimize its predictive, preventive, and personalized medical service or management. METHOD Herein, we provided a bioinformatic screen combined clinical validation strategy for rapidly mining exosomal miRNAs for LN diagnosis and management. We screened out differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs) in LN database and performed a miRNA-mRNA integrated analysis to select out reliable changed miRNAs in LN tissues by using R and Cytoscape. Urinary exosomes were collected by ultracentrifugation and analyzed by nano-tracking analysis and western blotting. Detection of aquaporin-2 showed the tubular source of urinary exosomes. Urinary exosomal miRNAs were detected by RT-qPCR and the target of miR-195-5p was verified by using bioinformatic, dual-luciferase, and western blotting. RESULT 15 miRNAs and their 60 target mRNAs were contained in miRNA-mRNA integrated map. Bioinformatic analysis showed these miRNAs were involved in various cellular biological process. Exosomal miR-195-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-429, and miR-218-5p were verified in a small clinical group (n = 47). Urinary exosomal miR-195-5p, miR-25-3p, and miR-429 were downregulated in patients and miR-195-5p could recognize LN patients from SLE with good sensitivity and specificity, showing good potential in LN disease monitoring and diagnosis. CONCLUSION We analyzed and obtained a series of differential miRNAs in LN kidney tissues and suggested that urinary exosomal miR-195-5p could serve as a novel biomarker in LN. Further, miR-195-5p-CXCL10 axis could be a therapeutic target of LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of National Medical Products Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 70570Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Guo
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, 162698The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of National Medical Products Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 70570Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jietao Ma
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, 220741The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honglian Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of National Medical Products Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 70570Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lele Yin
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, 162698The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minmin Li
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, 162698The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of National Medical Products Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 70570Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, 70570Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Xiang H, Zhang C, Xiong J. Emerging role of extracellular vesicles in kidney diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:985030. [PMID: 36172178 PMCID: PMC9510773 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.985030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many types of renal disease eventually progress to end-stage renal disease, which can only be maintained by renal replacement therapy. Therefore, kidney diseases now contribute significantly to the health care burden in many countries. Many new advances and strategies have been found in the research involving kidney diseases; however, there is still no efficient treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane structures, which contains proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. After internalization by downstream cells, these components can still maintain functional activity and regulate the phenotype of downstream cells. EVs drive the information exchange between cells and tissues. Majority of the cells can produce EVs; however, its production, contents, and transportation may be affected by various factors. EVs have been proved to play an important role in the occurrence, development, and treatment of renal diseases. However, the mechanism and potential applications of EVs in kidney diseases remain unclear. This review summarizes the latest research of EVs in renal diseases, and provides new therapeutic targets and strategies for renal diseases.
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20
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Tailored Extracellular Vesicles: Novel Tool for Tissue Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:7695078. [PMID: 35915850 PMCID: PMC9338735 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7695078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an essential part in multiple pathophysiological processes including tissue injury and regeneration because of their inherent characteristics of small size, low immunogenicity and toxicity, and capability of carrying a variety of bioactive molecules and mediating intercellular communication. Nevertheless, accumulating studies have shown that the application of EVs faces many challenges such as insufficient therapeutic efficacy, a lack of targeting capability, low yield, and rapid clearance from the body. It is known that EVs can be engineered, modified, and designed to encapsulate therapeutic cargos like proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and drugs to improve their therapeutic efficacy. Targeted peptides, antibodies, aptamers, magnetic nanoparticles, and proteins are introduced to modify various cell-derived EVs for increasing targeting ability. In addition, extracellular vesicle mimetics (EMs) and self-assembly EV-mimicking nanocomplex are applied to improve production and simplify EV purification process. The combination of EVs with biomaterials like hydrogel, and scaffolds dressing endows EVs with long-term therapeutic efficacy and synergistically enhanced regenerative outcome. Thus, we will summarize recent developments of EV modification strategies for more extraordinary regenerative effect in various tissue injury repair. Subsequently, opportunities and challenges of promoting the clinical application of engineered EVs will be discussed.
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21
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Tang TT, Wang B, Lv LL, Dong Z, Liu BC. Extracellular vesicles for renal therapeutics: State of the art and future perspective. J Control Release 2022; 349:32-50. [PMID: 35779658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
With the ever-increasing burden of kidney disease, the need for developing new therapeutics to manage this disease has never been greater. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural membranous nanoparticles present in virtually all organisms. Given their excellent delivery capacity in the body, EVs have emerged as a frontier technology for drug delivery and have the potential to usher in a new era of nanomedicine for kidney disease. This review is focused on why EVs are such compelling drug carriers and how to release their fullest potentiality in renal therapeutics. We discuss the unique features of EVs compared to artificial nanoparticles and outline the engineering technologies and steps in developing EV-based therapeutics, with an emphasis on the emerging approaches to target renal cells and prolong kidney retention. We also explore the applications of EVs as natural therapeutics or as drug carriers in the treatment of renal disorders and present our views on the critical challenges in manufacturing EVs as next-generation renal therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Tao Tang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Nanjing, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin-Li Lv
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Bi-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Nanjing, China.
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22
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are released by the majority of cell types and circulate in body fluids. They function as a long-distance cell-to-cell communication mechanism that modulates the gene expression profile and fate of target cells. Increasing evidence has established a central role of extracellular vesicles in kidney physiology and pathology. Urinary extracellular vesicles mediate crosstalk between glomerular and tubular cells and between different segments of the tubule, whereas circulating extracellular vesicles mediate organ crosstalk and are involved in the amplification of kidney damage and inflammation. The molecular profile of extracellular vesicles reflects the type and pathophysiological status of the originating cell so could potentially be exploited for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. In addition, robust preclinical data suggest that administration of exogenous extracellular vesicles could promote kidney regeneration and reduce inflammation and fibrosis in acute and chronic kidney diseases. Stem cells are thought to be the most promising source of extracellular vesicles with regenerative activity. Extracellular vesicles are also attractive candidates for drug delivery and various engineering strategies are being investigated to alter their cargo and increase their efficacy. However, rigorous standardization and scalable production strategies will be necessary to enable the clinical application of extracellular vesicles as potential therapeutics. In this Review, the authors discuss the roles of extracellular vesicles in kidney physiology and disease as well as the beneficial effects of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in preclinical models of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. They also highlight current and future clinical applications of extracellular vesicles in kidney diseases. Urinary extracellular vesicles have roles in intra-glomerular, glomerulo-tubular and intra-tubular crosstalk, whereas circulating extracellular vesicles might mediate organ crosstalk; these mechanisms could amplify kidney damage and contribute to disease progression. Urinary extracellular vesicles could potentially be analysed using multiplex diagnostic platforms to identify pathological processes and the originating cell types; technological advances including single extracellular vesicle analysis might increase the specificity of bulk analysis of extracellular vesicle preparations. Robust standardization and validation in large patient cohorts are required to enable clinical application of extracellular vesicle-based biomarkers. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have been shown to improve renal recovery, limit progression of injury and reduce fibrosis in animal models of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Various engineering approaches can be used to load extracellular vesicles with therapeutic molecules and increase their delivery to the kidney. A small clinical trial that tested the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicle administration in patients with chronic kidney disease reported promising results; however, therapeutic application of extracellular vesicles is limited by a lack of scalable manufacturing protocols and clear criteria for standardization.
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23
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Quaglia M, Merlotti G, Fornara L, Colombatto A, Cantaluppi V. Extracellular Vesicles Released from Stem Cells as a New Therapeutic Strategy for Primary and Secondary Glomerulonephritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105760. [PMID: 35628570 PMCID: PMC9142886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment of primary and secondary glomerulopathies is hampered by many limits and a significant proportion of these disorders still evolves towards end-stage renal disease. A possible answer to this unmet challenge could be represented by therapies with stem cells, which include a variety of progenitor cell types derived from embryonic or adult tissues. Stem cell self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation ability explain their potential to protect and regenerate injured cells, including kidney tubular cells, podocytes and endothelial cells. In addition, a broad spectrum of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions appears to interfere with the pathogenic mechanisms of glomerulonephritis. Of note, mesenchymal stromal cells have been particularly investigated as therapy for Lupus Nephritis and Diabetic Nephropathy, whereas initial evidence suggest their beneficial effects in primary glomerulopathies such as IgA nephritis. Extracellular vesicles mediate a complex intercellular communication network, shuttling proteins, nucleic acids and other bioactive molecules from origin to target cells to modulate their functions. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles recapitulate beneficial cytoprotective, reparative and immunomodulatory properties of parental cells and are increasingly recognized as a cell-free alternative to stem cell-based therapies for different diseases including glomerulonephritis, also considering the low risk for potential adverse effects such as maldifferentiation and tumorigenesis. We herein summarize the renoprotective potential of therapies with stem cells and extracellular vesicles derived from progenitor cells in glomerulonephritis, with a focus on their different mechanisms of actions. Technological progress and growing knowledge are paving the way for wider clinical application of regenerative medicine to primary and secondary glomerulonephritis: this multi-level, pleiotropic therapy may open new scenarios overcoming the limits and side effects of traditional treatments, although the promising results of experimental models need to be confirmed in the clinical setting.
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Quaglia M, Merlotti G, Colombatto A, Bruno S, Stasi A, Franzin R, Castellano G, Grossini E, Fanelli V, Cantaluppi V. Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Therapeutic Approach for Acute Kidney Injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:849891. [PMID: 35359949 PMCID: PMC8960117 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.849891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is a frequent complication of hospitalized patients and significantly increases morbidity and mortality, worsening costs and length of hospital stay. Despite this impact on healthcare system, treatment still remains only supportive (dialysis). Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles are a promising option as they recapitulate stem cells properties, overcoming safety issues related to risks or rejection or aberrant differentiation. A growing body of evidence based on pre-clinical studies suggests that extracellular vesicles may be effective to treat acute kidney injury and to limit fibrosis through direct interference with pathogenic mechanisms of vascular and tubular epithelial cell damage. We herein analyze the state-of-the-art knowledge of therapeutic approaches with stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for different forms of acute kidney injury (toxic, ischemic or septic) dissecting their cytoprotective, regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. We also analyze the potential impact of extracellular vesicles on the mechanisms of transition from acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease, with a focus on the pivotal role of the inhibition of complement cascade in this setting. Despite some technical limits, nowadays the development of therapies based on stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles holds promise as a new frontier to limit acute kidney injury onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Quaglia
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Guido Merlotti
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Colombatto
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | - Stefania Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stasi
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Rossana Franzin
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Vito Fanelli
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
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Kosanović M, Milutinovic B, Glamočlija S, Morlans IM, Ortiz A, Bozic M. Extracellular Vesicles and Acute Kidney Injury: Potential Therapeutic Avenue for Renal Repair and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073792. [PMID: 35409151 PMCID: PMC8998560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden decline of renal function and represents a global clinical problem due to an elevated morbidity and mortality. Despite many efforts, currently there are no treatments to halt this devastating condition. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles secreted by various cell types in both physiological and pathological conditions. EVs can arise from distinct parts of the kidney and can mediate intercellular communication between various cell types along the nephron. Besides their potential as diagnostic tools, EVs have been proposed as powerful new tools for regenerative medicine and have been broadly studied as therapeutic mediators in different models of experimental AKI. In this review, we present an overview of the basic features and biological relevance of EVs, with an emphasis on their functional role in cell-to-cell communication in the kidney. We explore versatile roles of EVs in crucial pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to AKI and give a detailed description of the renoprotective effects of EVs from different origins in AKI. Finally, we explain known mechanisms of action of EVs in AKI and provide an outlook on the potential clinical translation of EVs in the setting of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kosanović
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Bojana Milutinovic
- Department of Neurosurgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Sofija Glamočlija
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Ingrid Mena Morlans
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), 25196 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Milica Bozic
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), 25196 Lleida, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Blijdorp CJ, Burger D, Llorente A, Martens-Uzunova ES, Erdbrügger U. Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Players in Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:467-471. [PMID: 35131841 PMCID: PMC8975061 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021091232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Charles J. Blijdorp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alicia Llorente
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Department for Mechanical Electronics and Chemical Engineering, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elena S. Martens-Uzunova
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Uta Erdbrügger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Namestnikov M, Dekel B. Moving To A New Dimension: 3D Kidney Cultures For Kidney Regeneration. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2022.100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Lee SA, Yoo TH. Therapeutic application of extracellular vesicles for various kidney diseases: a brief review. BMB Rep 2022. [PMID: 34903318 PMCID: PMC8810552 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.1.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sul A Lee
- Department of Medicine, MetroWest Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Tae Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Ma M, Luo Q, Fan L, Li W, Li Q, Meng Y, Yun C, Wu H, Lu Y, Cui S, Liu F, Hu B, Guan B, Liu H, Huang S, Liang W, Morgera S, Krämer B, Luan S, Yin L, Hocher B. The urinary exosomes derived from premature infants attenuate cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in mice via microRNA-30a-5p/ mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8). Bioengineered 2022; 13:1650-1665. [PMID: 35001794 PMCID: PMC8805886 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2021686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a susceptible factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). There is still a lack of effective prevention methods in clinical practice. This study investigated the protective effect of the urinary exosomes from premature infants on cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. Here we isolated exosomes from the fresh urine of premature infants. A C57BL/6 mice model of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury was given 100 ug urinary exosomes 24 hours after model establishment. The kidneys were collected for pathological examination and the evaluation of renal tubular damage and apoptosis. In the in vitro experiment, human renal cortex/proximal tubular cells (HK-2) were induced by cisplatin to assess the effect of the urine exosomes from premature infants. Exosome microRNA (miRNA) sequencing technology was applied to investigate the miRNAs enriched in exosomes and the dual-luciferase gene reporter system to examine the targeting relationship of the miRNA with target genes. The results indicated that the urinary exosomes could decrease the serum creatinine level and the apoptosis of renal tubular cells, and reduce mice mortality. In addition, miR-30a-5p was the most abundant miRNA in the exosomes. It protected HK-2 cells from cisplatin-induced apoptosis by targeting and down-regulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8). Together, our findings identified that the urinary exosomes derived from premature infants alleviated cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury and inhibited the apoptosis of HK-2 via miR-30a-5p, which could target MAPK8. These findings implied that urinary exosomes from premature infants riched in miR-30a-5p might become a potential treatment for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Ma
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Luo
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijing Fan
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weilong Li
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Nephrology, Dongguan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, China
| | - Yu Meng
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Yun
- Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yongping Lu
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shuang Cui
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanna Liu
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baozhang Guan
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengling Huang
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxue Liang
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Bernhard Krämer
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/endocrinology/rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shaodong Luan
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Lianghong Yin
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Berthold Hocher
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/endocrinology/rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Franco ML, Beyerstedt S, Rangel ÉB. Klotho and Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Review on Cell and Gene Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease and Acute Kidney Disease. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:pharmaceutics14010011. [PMID: 35056905 PMCID: PMC8778857 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) are public health problems, and their prevalence rates have increased with the aging of the population. They are associated with the presence of comorbidities, in particular diabetes mellitus and hypertension, resulting in a high financial burden for the health system. Studies have indicated Klotho as a promising therapeutic approach for these conditions. Klotho reduces inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis and counter-regulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In CKD and AKI, Klotho expression is downregulated from early stages and correlates with disease progression. Therefore, the restoration of its levels, through exogenous or endogenous pathways, has renoprotective effects. An important strategy for administering Klotho is through mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In summary, this review comprises in vitro and in vivo studies on the therapeutic potential of Klotho for the treatment of CKD and AKI through the administration of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Liciani Franco
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (M.L.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Stephany Beyerstedt
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (M.L.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Érika Bevilaqua Rangel
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (M.L.F.); (S.B.)
- Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 04038-901, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-2151-2148
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Zhang XF, Wang T, Wang ZX, Huang KP, Zhang YW, Wang GL, Zhang HJ, Chen ZH, Wang CY, Zhang JX, Wang H. Hypoxic ucMSC-secreted exosomal miR-125b promotes endothelial cell survival and migration during wound healing by targeting TP53INP1. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:347-359. [PMID: 34513314 PMCID: PMC8416974 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A hypoxic microenvironment is a common feature of skin wounds. Our previous study demonstrated that three-dimensional coculture of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ucMSCs) and endothelial cells facilitates cell communication and host integration in skin tissue engineering. Here, we aimed to identify the mechanism by which ucMSCs affect endothelial cells under hypoxic conditions after skin injury. We demonstrate that hypoxia enhances the exosome-mediated paracrine function of ucMSCs, which increases endothelial cell proliferation and migration. In a mouse full-thickness skin injury model, ucMSC-derived exosomes can be taken up by endothelial cells and accelerate wound healing. Hypoxic exosomes lead to a better outcome than normoxic exosomes by promoting proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. Mechanistically, microRNA-125b (miR-125b) transcription is induced by hypoxia in ucMSCs. After being packaged into hypoxic exosomes and transported to endothelial cells, miR-125b targets and suppresses the expression of tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 1 (TP53INP1) and alleviates hypoxia-induced cell apoptosis. Inhibition of miR-125b-TP53INP1 interaction attenuates the protective effect of hypoxic exosomes. Moreover, artificial agomiR-125b can accelerate wound healing in vivo. Our findings reveal communication between ucMSCs and endothelial cells via exosomal miR-125b/TP53INP1 signaling in the hypoxic microenvironment and present hypoxic exosomes as a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance cutaneous repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Basic school of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kun-Peng Huang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yun-Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hong-Ji Zhang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zi-Han Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Basic school of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chang-Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Basic school of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jin-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Basic school of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
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Zhu Z, Ruan S, Jiang Y, Huang F, Xia W, Chen J, Cui Y, He C, Zeng F, Li Y, Chen Z, Chen H. α-Klotho released from HK-2 cells inhibits osteogenic differentiation of renal interstitial fibroblasts by inactivating the Wnt-β-catenin pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7831-7849. [PMID: 34724098 PMCID: PMC11071709 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03972-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Randall's plaques (RP) are well established as precursor lesions of idiopathic calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones, and the process of biomineralization driven by osteogenic-like cells has been highlighted in RP formation, but the mechanism is poorly understood. Given the inhibitory role of α-Klotho (KL), an aging suppressor protein with high expression in kidneys, in ectopic calcification and the close association between KL gene polymorphisms and urolithiasis susceptibility, we determined the potential role of KL in RP formation. This study found that both soluble KL (s-KL) and transmembrane KL (m-KL) were downregulated, and that s-KL but not m-KL was inversely correlated with upregulation of osteogenic markers in RP tissues. Additionally, s-KL expression was markedly suppressed in human renal interstitial fibroblasts (hRIFs) and slightly suppressed in HK-2 cells after osteogenic induction, intriguingly, which was echoed to the greater osteogenic capability of hRIFs than HK-2 cells. Further investigations showed the inhibitory effect of s-KL on hRIF osteogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, coculture with recombinant human KL (r-KL) or HK-2 cells suppressed osteogenic differentiation of hRIFs, and this effect was abolished by coculture with KL-silenced HK-2 cells or the β-catenin agonist SKL2001. Mechanistically, s-KL inactivated the Wnt-β-catenin pathway by directly binding to Wnt2 and upregulating SFRP1. Further investigations identified activation of the Wnt-β-catenin pathway and downregulation of SFRP1 and DKK1 in RP tissues. In summary, this study identified s-KL deficiency as a pathological feature of RP and revealed that s-KL released from HK-2 cells inhibited osteogenic differentiation of hRIFs by inactivating the Wnt-β-catenin pathway, not only providing in-depth insight into the role of s-KL in renal interstitial biomineralization but also shedding new light on the interaction of renal tubular epithelial cells with interstitial cells to clarify RP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shuhao Ruan
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yingcheng Jiang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Weiping Xia
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jinbo Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng He
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Zeng
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Hequn Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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Urinary Extracellular Vesicles in Urology: Current Successes and Challenges Ahead. Eur Urol 2021; 81:127-128. [PMID: 34625312 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Exosomes: Emerging Therapy Delivery Tools and Biomarkers for Kidney Diseases. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:7844455. [PMID: 34471412 PMCID: PMC8405320 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7844455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanometer-sized small EVs coated with bilayer structure, which are released by prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Exosomes are rich in a variety of biologically active substances, such as proteins, nucleotides, and lipids. Exosomes are widely present in various body fluids and cell culture supernatants, and it mediates the physiological and pathological processes of the body through the shuttle of these active ingredients to target cells. In recent years, studies have shown that exosomes from a variety of cell sources can play a beneficial role in acute and chronic kidney disease. In particular, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells have significant curative effects on the prevention and treatment of kidney disease in preclinical trials. Besides, some encapsulated substances are demonstrated to exert beneficial effects on various diseases, so they have attracted much attention. In addition, exosomes have extensive sources, stable biological activity, and good biocompatibility and are easy to store and transport; these advantages endow exosomes with superior diagnostic value. With the rapid development of liquid biopsy technology related to exosomes, the application of exosomes in the rapid diagnosis of kidney disease has become more prominent. In this review, the latest development of exosomes, including the biosynthesis process, the isolation and identification methods of exosomes are systematically summarized. The utilization of exosomes in diagnosis and their positive effects in the repair of kidney dysfunction are discussed, along with the specific mechanisms. This review is expected to be helpful for relevant studies and to provide insight into future applications in clinical practice.
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Li D, Luo H, Ruan H, Chen Z, Chen S, Wang B, Xie Y. Isolation and identification of exosomes from feline plasma, urine and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:272. [PMID: 34384449 PMCID: PMC8359027 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02960-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes, internal proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids coated by phospholipid bilayer membranes, are one type of small extracellular vesicles, which can mediate cell-cell communication. In recent years, exosomes have gained considerable scientific interest due to their widely applied prospect in the diagnosis and therapeutics of human and animal diseases. In this study, we describe for the first time a feasible method designed to isolate and characterize exosomes from feline plasma, urine and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. RESULTS Exosomes from feline plasma, urine and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were successfully isolated by differential centrifugation. Quantification and sizing of exosomes were assessed by transmission electron microscopy, flow nano analysis and western blotting. Detected particles showed the normal size (30-100 nm) and morphology described for exosomes, as well as presence of the transmembrane protein (TSG101, CD9, CD63, and CD81) known as exosomal marker. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that differential centrifugation is a feasible method for isolation of exosomes from different types of feline samples. Moreover, these exosomes can be used to further diagnosis and therapeutics in veterinary pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Li
- VetCell Biotechnology Company Limited, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Huina Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Huimin Ruan
- VetCell Biotechnology Company Limited, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Zhisheng Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Shengfeng Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Bingyun Wang
- VetCell Biotechnology Company Limited, Foshan, 528225, China. .,School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China.
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China.
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Karpman D, Tontanahal A. Extracellular vesicles in renal inflammatory and infectious diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 171:42-54. [PMID: 33933600 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles can mediate cell-to-cell communication, or relieve the parent cell of harmful substances, in order to maintain cellular integrity. The content of extracellular vesicles includes miRNAs, mRNAs, growth factors, complement factors, cytokines, chemokines and receptors. These may contribute to inflammatory and infectious diseases by the exposure or transfer of potent effectors that induce vascular inflammation by leukocyte recruitment and thrombosis. Furthermore, vesicles release cytokines and induce their release from cells. Extracellular vesicles possess immune modulatory and anti-microbial properties, and induce receptor signaling in the recipient cell, not least by the transfer of pro-inflammatory receptors. Additionally, the vesicles may carry virulence factors systemically. Extracellular vesicles in blood and urine can contribute to the development of kidney diseases or exhibit protective effects. In this review we will describe the role of EVs in inflammation, thrombosis, immune modulation, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, renal tubular regeneration and infection. Furthermore, we will delineate their contribution to renal ischemia/reperfusion, vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, thrombotic microangiopathies, IgA nephropathy, acute kidney injury, urinary tract infections and renal transplantation. Due to their content of miRNAs and growth factors, or when loaded with nephroprotective modulators, extracellular vesicles have the potential to be used as therapeutics for renal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Karpman
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 22185, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Ashmita Tontanahal
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 22185, Lund, Sweden
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Lin W, Wu X, Wen J, Fei Y, Wu J, Li X, Zhang Q, Dong Y, Xu T, Fan Y, Wang N. NAicotinamide retains Klotho expression and ameliorates rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury. Nutrition 2021; 91-92:111376. [PMID: 34274652 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe complication of rhabdomyolysis that significantly increases mortality. Unfortunately, the therapeutic approach is limited. Inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI, which is a potential therapeutic target. Nicotinamide, a form of vitamin B3 and a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, has been shown to have potent antiinflammation effects. Klotho is a tubular highly expressed renoprotective protein. Therefore, we explored the effect of nicotinamide on rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We intramuscularly injected glycerol to induce rhabdomyolysis, and intraperitoneally administrated nicotinamide to observe the effect on kidney injury. Interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and Klotho were determined by Western blot. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to assess the interaction of NF-κB, nuclear receptor corepressor, and histone deacetylase 1 with Klotho promoters. Small interfering RNA was used to evaluate the role of Klotho in nicotinamide-related renoprotection. RESULTS The results showed that nicotinamide attenuated renal pathologic morphology, kidney functional abnormalities, and kidney inflammatory response in rhabdomyolysis. Moreover, nicotinamide effectively blocked the recruitment of NF-κB, nuclear receptor corepressor, and histone deacetylase 1 to the promoter of Klotho, and preserved Klotho expression. More importantly, the renoprotection effect of nicotinamide was abrogated when Klotho was knocked down by small interfering RNA in rhabdomyolysis mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that Klotho preservation is essential for the renoprotection effect of nicotinamide, and provides a new preventive strategy for rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xianfeng Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiejun Wen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Fei
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Junnan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qunzi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Niansong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang J, Kumar S, Jayachandran M, Herrera Hernandez LP, Wang S, Wilson EM, Lieske JC. Excretion of urine extracellular vesicles bearing markers of activated immune cells and calcium/phosphorus physiology differ between calcium kidney stone formers and non-stone formers. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:204. [PMID: 34074247 PMCID: PMC8170929 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Previous studies have demonstrated that excretion of urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) from different nephron segments differs between kidney stone formers and non-stone formers (NSFs), and could reflect pathogenic mechanisms of urinary stone disease. In this study we quantified selected populations of specific urinary EVs carrying protein markers of immune cells and calcium/phosphorus physiology in calcium oxalate stone formers (CSFs) compared to non-stone formers (NSFs). METHODS Biobanked urine samples from CSFs (n = 24) undergoing stone removal surgery and age- and sex- matched NSFs (n = 21) were studied. Urinary EVs carrying proteins related to renal calcium/phosphorus physiology (phosphorus transporters (PiT1 and PiT2), Klotho, and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23); markers associated with EV generation (anoctamin-4 (ANO4) and Huntington interacting protein 1 (HIP1)), and markers shed from activated immune cells were quantified by standardized and published method of digital flow cytometry. RESULTS Urine excretion of calcium, oxalate, phosphorus, and calcium oxalate supersaturation (SS) were significantly higher in CSFs compared to NSFs (P < 0.05). Urinary excretion of EVs with markers of total leukocytes (CD45), neutrophils (CD15), macrophages (CD68), Klotho, FGF23, PiT1, PiT2, and ANO4 were each markedly lower in CSFs than NSFs (P < 0.05) whereas excretion of those with markers of monocytes (CD14), T-Lymphocytes (CD3), B-Lymphocytes (CD19), plasma cells (CD138 plus CD319 positive) were not different between the groups. Urinary excretion of EVs expressing PiT1 and PiT2 negatively (P < 0.05) correlated with urinary phosphorus excretion, whereas excretion of EVs expressing FGF23 negatively (P < 0.05) correlated with both urinary calcium and phosphorus excretion. Urinary EVs with markers of HIP1 and ANO4 correlated negatively (P < 0.05) with clinical stone events and basement membrane calcifications on papillary tip biopsies. CONCLUSIONS Urinary excretion of EVs derived from specific types of activated immune cells and EVs with proteins related to calcium/phosphorus regulation differed between CSFs and NSFs. Further validation of these and other populations of urinary EVs in larger cohort could identify biomarkers that elucidate novel pathogenic mechanisms of calcium stone formation in specific subsets of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqing Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8 Gongti Nanlu,Chaoyang District, 100020, Beijing, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, MN, 55905, Rochester, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, MN, 55905, Rochester, USA
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, 201310, UP, Greater Noida, India
| | - Muthuvel Jayachandran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, MN, 55905, Rochester, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology Research, Mayo Clinic, 55905, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 55905, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Stanley Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, MN, 55905, Rochester, USA
| | - Elena M Wilson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, MN, 55905, Rochester, USA
| | - John C Lieske
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, MN, 55905, Rochester, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 55905, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Mutation of Klotho rs3752472 protect the kidney from the renal epithelial cell injury caused by CaOx crystals through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Urolithiasis 2021; 49:543-550. [PMID: 34050772 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-021-01269-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Calcium oxalate (CaOx) is a major contributor to urolithiasis, one of the most common urological diseases. Our previous study has shown that Klotho rs3752472 polymorphism correlates with an increased risk of CaOx-related urolithiasis in human cohorts. This study aims to identify the effect of Klotho rs3752472 polymorphism on the renal epithelium injury caused by CaOx. A rat urolithiasis model was established and validated. Renal function was assessed, and histological examination was performed. The distribution and expression of Klotho in the rat model were detected by immunohistochemical staining and western blotting analysis. A renal epithelial cell line (HK2) was used and intervened by COM crystals with several concentrations and time points. Expression of Klotho and key mediators in Wnt/β-catenin pathway were assessed by Western blotting analysis. Wide-type and mutated plasmids of Klotho rs3752472 were added in the cell culture, and the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling was tested. Finally, Wide-type and mutated plasmids of Klotho rs3752472 were adoptively transferred to the rat model, and the expression of Klotho was verified. In the rat model, Klotho was mainly distributed in the renal tubular area, which significantly declined in the urolithiasis group. In vitro, COM crystals significantly inhibited the expression of Klotho and induced remarkable renal epithelial cell injury. The mutation of Klotho rs3752472 can notably enhance the expression of Klotho, as well as the protection from renal epithelial cell injury and the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. After adoptively transferred to the rat urolithiasis model, similar results were observed for the mutation of Klotho rs3752472. Klotho was significantly correlated with the renal epithelial cell injury induced by CaOx crystals. Furthermore, the mutation of Klotho rs3752472 can remarkably enhance the expression of Klotho in renal tissues and cells, and subsequently protect the renal epithelial cell from the formation of CaOx crystals through the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Corrêa RR, Juncosa EM, Masereeuw R, Lindoso RS. Extracellular Vesicles as a Therapeutic Tool for Kidney Disease: Current Advances and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115787. [PMID: 34071399 PMCID: PMC8198688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been described as important mediators of cell communication, regulating several physiological processes, including tissue recovery and regeneration. In the kidneys, EVs derived from stem cells have been shown to support tissue recovery in diverse disease models and have been considered an interesting alternative to cell therapy. For this purpose, however, several challenges remain to be overcome, such as the requirement of a high number of EVs for human therapy and the need for optimization of techniques for their isolation and characterization. Moreover, the kidney’s complexity and the pathological process to be treated require that EVs present a heterogeneous group of molecules to be delivered. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in the use of EVs as a therapeutic tool for kidney diseases. Moreover, we give an overview of the new technologies applied to improve EVs’ efficacy, such as novel methods of EV production and isolation by means of bioreactors and microfluidics, bioengineering the EV content and the use of alternative cell sources, including kidney organoids, to support their transfer to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Rodrigues Corrêa
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Estela Mancheño Juncosa
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (R.S.L.); Tel.: +31-30-253-3529 (R.M.); Tel.: +55-21-3938-6520 (R.S.L.)
| | - Rafael Soares Lindoso
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine-REGENERA, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (R.S.L.); Tel.: +31-30-253-3529 (R.M.); Tel.: +55-21-3938-6520 (R.S.L.)
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Erdbrügger U, Blijdorp CJ, Bijnsdorp IV, Borràs FE, Burger D, Bussolati B, Byrd JB, Clayton A, Dear JW, Falcón‐Pérez JM, Grange C, Hill AF, Holthöfer H, Hoorn EJ, Jenster G, Jimenez CR, Junker K, Klein J, Knepper MA, Koritzinsky EH, Luther JM, Lenassi M, Leivo J, Mertens I, Musante L, Oeyen E, Puhka M, van Royen ME, Sánchez C, Soekmadji C, Thongboonkerd V, van Steijn V, Verhaegh G, Webber JP, Witwer K, Yuen PS, Zheng L, Llorente A, Martens‐Uzunova ES. Urinary extracellular vesicles: A position paper by the Urine Task Force of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12093. [PMID: 34035881 PMCID: PMC8138533 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Urine is commonly used for clinical diagnosis and biomedical research. The discovery of extracellular vesicles (EV) in urine opened a new fast-growing scientific field. In the last decade urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) were shown to mirror molecular processes as well as physiological and pathological conditions in kidney, urothelial and prostate tissue. Therefore, several methods to isolate and characterize uEVs have been developed. However, methodological aspects of EV separation and analysis, including normalization of results, need further optimization and standardization to foster scientific advances in uEV research and a subsequent successful translation into clinical practice. This position paper is written by the Urine Task Force of the Rigor and Standardization Subcommittee of ISEV consisting of nephrologists, urologists, cardiologists and biologists with active experience in uEV research. Our aim is to present the state of the art and identify challenges and gaps in current uEV-based analyses for clinical applications. Finally, recommendations for improved rigor, reproducibility and interoperability in uEV research are provided in order to facilitate advances in the field.
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Mazzariol M, Camussi G, Brizzi MF. Extracellular Vesicles Tune the Immune System in Renal Disease: A Focus on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Thrombotic Microangiopathy and ANCA-Vasculitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084194. [PMID: 33919576 PMCID: PMC8073859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are microparticles released in biological fluids by different cell types, both in physiological and pathological conditions. Owing to their ability to carry and transfer biomolecules, EV are mediators of cell-to-cell communication and are involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases. The ability of EV to modulate the immune system, the coagulation cascade, the angiogenetic process, and to drive endothelial dysfunction plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of both autoimmune and renal diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of EV in the control of renal homeostasis by acting as intercellular signaling molecules, mediators of inflammation and tissue regeneration. Moreover, circulating EV and urinary EV secreted by renal cells have been investigated as potential early biomarkers of renal injury. In the present review, we discuss the recent findings on the involvement of EV in autoimmunity and in renal intercellular communication. We focused on EV-mediated interaction between the immune system and the kidney in autoimmune diseases displaying common renal damage, such as antiphospholipid syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, thrombotic microangiopathy, and vasculitis. Although further studies are needed to extend our knowledge on EV in renal pathology, a deeper investigation of the impact of EV in kidney autoimmune diseases may also provide insight into renal biological processes. Furthermore, EV may represent promising biomarkers of renal diseases with potential future applications as diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
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Mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular vesicles in therapy against kidney diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:219. [PMID: 33789750 PMCID: PMC8011150 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney diseases pose a threat to human health due to their rising incidence and fatality rate. In preclinical and clinical studies, it has been acknowledged that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are effective and safe when used to treat kidney diseases. MSCs play their role mainly by secreting trophic factors and delivering extracellular vesicles (EVs). The genetic materials and proteins contained in the MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs), as an important means of cellular communication, have become a research focus for targeted therapy of kidney diseases. At present, MSC-EVs have shown evident therapeutic effects on acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetic nephropathy (DN), and atherosclerotic renovascular disease (ARVD); however, their roles in the transplanted kidney remain controversial. This review summarises the mechanisms by which MSC-EVs treat these diseases in animal models and proposes certain problems, expecting to facilitate corresponding future clinical practice.
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Ji C, Zhang J, Zhou Z, Shi H, Liu W, Sun F, Zhang C, Zhang L, Sun Z, Qian H. Platelet-rich plasma promotes MSCs exosomes paracrine to repair acute kidney injury via AKT/Rab27 pathway. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:1445-1457. [PMID: 33841669 PMCID: PMC8014389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined by rapid deterioration of renal function, and is a common complication in hospitalized patients. Among the recent therapeutic options, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered a promising therapeutic strategy for damaged tissue repair. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) regulates mesenchymal cells to repair tissue damage through the release of growth factors. In this study, we proposed a possible therapeutic use of MSCs stimulated by platelet-rich plasma (PRP-MSCs) in a glycerin-induced AKI murine model. In vivo and in vitro studies, showed that PRP-MSCs could significantly attenuate serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, and reverse the histopathological kidney damage. PRP-MSCs treatment reduced renal tubular cell apoptosis stimulated by glycerin. We confirmed that PRP promoted the proliferation and reinforced the stemness of MSCs by inducing YAP nucleus expression, and that PRP promoted MSCs exosomes in a paracrine manner to repair AKI through an activated AKT/Rab27 pathway. Our results revealed that the PRP stimulated MSCs paracrine pathway could effectively alleviate glycerin-induced AKI. Therefore, PRP pretreatment may be a new method to improve the therapeutic effect of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ji
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zixuan Zhou
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanzhu Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212002, China
| | - Fengtian Sun
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenxiao Zhang
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zixuan Sun
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
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Xia J, Cao W. Epigenetic modifications of Klotho expression in kidney diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:581-592. [PMID: 33547909 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Developments of many renal diseases are substantially influenced by epigenetic modifications of numerous genes, mainly mediated by DNA methylations, histone modifications, and microRNA interference; however, not all gene modifications causally affect the disease onset or progression. Klotho is a critical gene whose repressions in various pathological conditions reportedly involve epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. Klotho is almost unexceptionally repressed early after acute or chronic renal injuries and its levels inversely correlated with the disease progression and severity. Moreover, the strategies of Klotho derepression via epigenetic modulations beneficially change the pathological courses both in vitro and in vivo. Hence, Klotho is not only considered a biomarker of the renal disease but also a potential or even an ideal target of therapeutic epigenetic intervention. Here, we summarize and discuss studies that investigate the Klotho repression and intervention in renal diseases from an epigenetic point of view. These information might shed new sights into the effective therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat various renal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkun Xia
- Center for Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling Research, Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wangsen Cao
- Center for Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling Research, Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Therapeutic Application of Exosomes in Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031144. [PMID: 33498928 PMCID: PMC7865921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulation is on the cusp of being an important therapy for treating many diseases, due to the significant role of the immune system in defending the human body. Although the immune system is an essential defense system, overactivity can result in diverse sicknesses such as inflammation and autoimmune disease. Exosomes are emerging as a state-of-the-art therapeutic strategy for treating an overactive immune system. Thus, in this review, we will thoroughly review therapeutic applications of exosomes in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Finally, issues for an outlook to the future of exosomal therapy will be introduced.
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Typiak M, Piwkowska A. Antiinflammatory Actions of Klotho: Implications for Therapy of Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020956. [PMID: 33478014 PMCID: PMC7835923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Klotho was initially introduced as an antiaging molecule. Klotho deficiency significantly reduces lifespan, and its overexpression extends it and protects against various pathological phenotypes, especially renal disease. It was shown to regulate phosphate and calcium metabolism, protect against oxidative stress, downregulate apoptosis, and have antiinflammatory and antifibrotic properties. The course of diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy resembles premature cellular senescence and causes the activation of various proinflammatory and profibrotic processes. Klotho was shown to exert many beneficial effects in these disorders. The expression of Klotho protein is downregulated in early stages of inflammation and diabetic nephropathy by proinflammatory factors. Therefore, its therapeutic effects are diminished in this disorder. Significantly lower urine levels of Klotho may serve as an early biomarker of renal involvement in diabetes mellitus. Recombinant Klotho administration and Klotho overexpression may have immunotherapeutic potential for the treatment of both diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, the current manuscript aims to characterize immunopathologies occurring in diabetes and diabetic nephropathy, and tries to match them with antiinflammatory actions of Klotho. It also gives reasons for Klotho to be used in diagnostics and immunotherapy of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Typiak
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
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Neyra JA, Hu MC, Moe OW. Klotho in Clinical Nephrology: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 16:162-176. [PMID: 32699047 PMCID: PMC7792642 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.02840320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
αKlotho (called Klotho here) is a membrane protein that serves as the coreceptor for the circulating hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Klotho is also cleaved and released as a circulating substance originating primarily from the kidney and exerts a myriad of housekeeping functions in just about every organ. The vital role of Klotho is shown by the multiorgan failure with genetic deletion in rodents, with certain features reminiscent of human disease. The most common causes of systemic Klotho deficiency are AKI and CKD. Preclinical data on Klotho biology have advanced considerably and demonstrated its potential diagnostic and therapeutic value; however, multiple knowledge gaps exist in the regulation of Klotho expression, release, and metabolism; its target organs; and mechanisms of action. In the translational and clinical fronts, progress has been more modest. Nonetheless, Klotho has potential clinical applications in the diagnosis of AKI and CKD, in prognosis of progression and extrarenal complications, and finally, as replacement therapy for systemic Klotho deficiency. The overall effect of Klotho in clinical nephrology requires further technical advances and additional large prospective human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A. Neyra
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, Dallas, Texas,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas,Division of Nephrology, Bone and Mineral Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Ming Chang Hu
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, Dallas, Texas,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Orson W. Moe
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, Dallas, Texas,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas,Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Martinez-Arroyo O, Ortega A, Redon J, Cortes R. Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles in Hypertension-Associated Kidney Disease. Hypertension 2020; 77:28-38. [PMID: 33222549 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension-mediated organ damage frequently includes renal function decline in which several mechanisms are involved. The present review outlines the state of the art on extracellular vesicles in hypertension and hypertension-related renal damage. Emerging evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles, small vesicles secreted by most cell types and body fluids, are involved in cell-to-cell communication and are key players mediating biological processes such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction or fibrosis, mechanisms present the onset and progression of hypertension-associated kidney disease. We address the potential use of extracellular vesicles as markers of hypertension-mediated kidney damage severity and their application as therapeutic agents in hypertension-associated renal damage. The capacity of exosomes to deliver a wide variety of cargos to the target cell efficiently makes them a potential drug delivery system for treatment of renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Martinez-Arroyo
- From the Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain (O.M.-A., A.O., J.R., R.C.)
| | - Ana Ortega
- From the Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain (O.M.-A., A.O., J.R., R.C.)
| | - Josep Redon
- From the Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain (O.M.-A., A.O., J.R., R.C.).,Internal Medicine, Clinic Universitary Hospital, Valencia, Spain (J.R.).,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Minister of Health, Madrid, Spain (J.R.)
| | - Raquel Cortes
- From the Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain (O.M.-A., A.O., J.R., R.C.)
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Burdeyron P, Giraud S, Hauet T, Steichen C. Urine-derived stem/progenitor cells: A focus on their characterization and potential. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1080-1096. [PMID: 33178393 PMCID: PMC7596444 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i10.1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy, i.e., the use of cells to repair an affected tissue or organ, is at the forefront of regenerative and personalized medicine. Among the multiple cell types that have been used for this purpose [including adult stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells or pluripotent stem cells], urine-derived stem cells (USCs) have aroused interest in the past years. USCs display classical features of mesenchymal stem cells such as differentiation capacity and immunomodulation. Importantly, they have the main advantage of being isolable from one sample of voided urine with a cheap and unpainful procedure, which is broadly applicable, whereas most adult stem cell types require invasive procedure. Moreover, USCs can be differentiated into renal cell types. This is of high interest for renal cell therapy-based regenerative approaches. This review will firstly describe the isolation and characterization of USCs. We will specifically present USC phenotype, which is not an object of consensus in the literature, as well as detail their differentiation capacity. In the second part of this review, we will present and discuss the main applications of USCs. These include use as a substrate to generate human induced pluripotent stem cells, but we will deeply focus on the use of USCs for cell therapy approaches with a detailed analysis depending on the targeted organ or system. Importantly, we will also focus on the applications that rely on the use of USC-derived products such as microvesicles including exosomes, which is a strategy being increasingly employed. In the last section, we will discuss the remaining barriers and challenges in the field of USC-based regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Burdeyron
- INSERM U1082 IRTOMIT, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers 86021, France
- Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers 86021, France
| | - Sébastien Giraud
- INSERM U1082 IRTOMIT, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers 86021, France
- Service de Biochimie, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers 86021, France
| | - Thierry Hauet
- INSERM U1082 IRTOMIT, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers 86021, France
- Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers 86021, France
- Service de Biochimie, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers 86021, France
| | - Clara Steichen
- INSERM U1082 IRTOMIT, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers 86021, France
- Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers 86021, France
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