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Vaillancourt C, Ahmed M, Kirk S, Labonté MÈ, Laar A, Mah CL, Minaker L, Olstad DL, Potvin Kent M, Provencher V, Prowse R, Raine KD, Schram A, Zavala-Mora D, Rancourt-Bouchard M, Vanderlee L. Food environment research in Canada: a rapid review of methodologies and measures deployed between 2010 and 2021. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:18. [PMID: 38373957 PMCID: PMC10875887 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous research methodologies have been used to examine food environments. Existing reviews synthesizing food environment measures have examined a limited number of domains or settings and none have specifically targeted Canada. This rapid review aimed to 1) map research methodologies and measures that have been used to assess food environments; 2) examine what food environment dimensions and equity related-factors have been assessed; and 3) identify research gaps and priorities to guide future research. A systematic search of primary articles evaluating the Canadian food environment in a real-world setting was conducted. Publications in English or French published in peer-reviewed journals between January 1 2010 and June 17 2021 and indexed in Web of Science, CAB Abstracts and Ovid MEDLINE were considered. The search strategy adapted an internationally-adopted food environment monitoring framework covering 7 domains (Food Marketing; Labelling; Prices; Provision; Composition; Retail; and Trade and Investment). The final sample included 220 articles. Overall, Trade and Investment (1%, n = 2), Labelling (7%, n = 15) and, to a lesser extent, Prices (14%, n = 30) were the least studied domains in Canada. Among Provision articles, healthcare (2%, n = 1) settings were underrepresented compared to school (67%, n = 28) and recreation and sport (24%, n = 10) settings, as was the food service industry (14%, n = 6) compared to grocery stores (86%, n = 36) in the Composition domain. The study identified a vast selection of measures employed in Canada overall and within single domains. Equity-related factors were only examined in half of articles (n = 108), mostly related to Retail (n = 81). A number of gaps remain that prevent a holistic and systems-level analysis of food environments in Canada. As Canada continues to implement policies to improve the quality of food environments in order to improve dietary patterns, targeted research to address identified gaps and harmonize methods across studies will help evaluate policy impact over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Vaillancourt
- École de Nutrition, Centre de Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, 2425 Rue de L'Agriculture, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mavra Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sara Kirk
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Kjipuktuk (Halifax), NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Labonté
- École de Nutrition, Centre de Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, 2425 Rue de L'Agriculture, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Amos Laar
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 13, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Catherine L Mah
- School of Health Administration, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Leia Minaker
- School of Planning, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3T1, Canada
| | - Dana Lee Olstad
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Monique Potvin Kent
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Véronique Provencher
- École de Nutrition, Centre de Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, 2425 Rue de L'Agriculture, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Rachel Prowse
- Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Kim D Raine
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Ave Northwest, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Ashley Schram
- School of Regulation and Global Governance (RegNet), ANU College of Asia & the Pacific, The Australian National University, 8 Fellows Road, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2600, Australia
| | - Daniela Zavala-Mora
- Science Library, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de La Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Maryka Rancourt-Bouchard
- École de Nutrition, Centre de Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, 2425 Rue de L'Agriculture, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Lana Vanderlee
- École de Nutrition, Centre de Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, 2425 Rue de L'Agriculture, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Mayer ME, McAlister AR, Economos CD, Mack S, Plank K, Cash SB. Using coupons to encourage healthier child snack purchases in corner stores: results from the CHOMPS study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1290710. [PMID: 38318473 PMCID: PMC10840137 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1290710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To examine youths' (ages 6-15 years) autonomous snack purchases in corner stores and pilot use of coupons to encourage more healthful snack purchases. Methods This pilot study involved four corner stores proximal to K-8 schools in Massachusetts. Kids-only coupons of varying discounts were provided in store and paired with simple visual and verbal economic and health messages. Observational data about youths' autonomous snack purchases was recorded pre- and post-intervention. Outcomes of interest were snack item, price, and nutrient content. Comparisons of purchase characteristics and nutritional content across intervention conditions were made using Chi-squared and t-tests. Results Across all stores, 2,973 purchase observations were recorded totaling approximately $6,000. Researchers estimated that about 55% of shoppers were 10-12 years old. Modest coupon usage (2.2% of purchases) was noted. However, candy purchases decreased, and the percentage of purchase events that included at least one healthier food item more than doubled, regardless of coupon use. Improvements in the nutritional content of snacks were also observed. Conclusion Kids-only coupons have the potential to assist with shifting autonomous snack purchase behavior in outside of school settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Mayer
- Department of Nutrition and Health Studies, Framingham State University, Framingham, MA, United States
| | - Anna R. McAlister
- Gerrish School of Business, Endicott College, Beverly, MA, United States
| | - Christina D. Economos
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Suzanne Mack
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kaela Plank
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sean B. Cash
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
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Huse O, Schultz S, Boelsen‐Robinson T, Ananthapavan J, Peeters A, Sacks G, Blake MR. The implementation and effectiveness of outlet-level healthy food and beverage accreditation schemes: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13556. [PMID: 36756666 PMCID: PMC10909553 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Healthy food outlet accreditation schemes represent an avenue for incentivizing food retailers to promote healthy eating patterns by improving the healthiness of food environments. This systematic review aimed to (i) assess the impact of food outlet-level accreditation schemes on outlet practices and customer purchases and (ii) identify barriers and enablers to scheme implementation. Peer-reviewed and grey literature were systematically searched. Eligible studies related to outlet-level food and beverage accreditation schemes across any food retail setting. Findings were narratively synthesized by retailer type according to (i) scheme characteristics (governance, targeted products, support, and monitoring); (ii) scheme outcomes (rate of uptake, proportion of certified retailers, impact on purchasing, customer perspectives, and retailer perspectives); and (iii) barriers and enablers to implementation. From 21,943 records screened, 48 were included, covering 26 schemes. Most (18) targeted restaurants or convenience stores. Average uptake was 65% of all outlets approached to participate. Implementation of accreditation schemes was associated with healthier customer purchases in convenience stores, schools, and hospitals, but evidence from restaurants was mixed. Enablers of scheme implementation included support for implementation and maintenance, flexible scheme criteria, and motivated retail staff. Healthy food outlet accreditation schemes represent a promising mechanism for engaging retailers to improve the healthiness of food retail environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Huse
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of HealthDeakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Sally Schultz
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of HealthDeakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Tara Boelsen‐Robinson
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of HealthDeakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Jaithri Ananthapavan
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of HealthDeakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of HealthDeakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Anna Peeters
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of HealthDeakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Gary Sacks
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of HealthDeakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Miranda R. Blake
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of HealthDeakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
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Glanz K, Fultz AK, Sallis JF, Clawson M, McLaughlin KC, Green S, Saelens BE. Use of the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey: A Systematic Review. Am J Prev Med 2023:S0749-3797(23)00068-5. [PMID: 36990939 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Nutrition Environment Measurement Survey (NEMS) measures were developed to assess the consumer food environment in stores and restaurants. NEMS tools have been widely used in research and adapted for diverse settings and populations in the 15 years since they were created. This systematic review examines the use and adaptations of these measures and what can be learned from published studies using NEMS tools. METHODS A comprehensive search of bibliographic databases was conducted from 2007 to September 2021, supplemented by backward searches and communications with authors, to identify research articles using NEMS tools. Data on purpose, key findings, sample characteristics, NEMS characteristics, and modifications were abstracted. Articles were categorized on the basis of study goals, NEMS tool(s) used, variables measured, and common themes. RESULTS A total of 190 articles from 18 countries were identified. Most studies (69.5%, n=123) used a modified version of NEMS tools. There were 23 intervention studies that used measures from NEMS tools or adaptations as outcomes, moderators, or process assessments. A total of 41% (n=78) of the articles evaluated inter-rater reliability, and 17% (n=33) evaluated test-retest reliability. DISCUSSION NEMS measures have played an important role in the growth of research on food environments and have helped researchers to explore the relationships among healthy food availability, demographic variables, eating behaviors, health outcomes, and intervention-driven changes in food environments. The food environment is constantly changing, so NEMS measures should continue to evolve. Researchers should document data quality of modifications and use in new settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Glanz
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Amanda K Fultz
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - James F Sallis
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Margaret Clawson
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly C McLaughlin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah Green
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian E Saelens
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
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Gomes Cordeiro N, Mendes LL, Jardim MZ, Claro RM, Pessoa MC, Granado FS, Cristina de Souza Andrade A, de Lima Costa BV. Do Food and Nutrition Public Establishments Influence Availability to Healthy Food in Neighborhood? JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2022.2155095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa Loures Mendes
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariana Zogbi Jardim
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rafael Moreira Claro
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Serra Granado
- Public Health Postgraduate Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Hill AB, Kaur R, Sundermeir SM, Kasprzak C, Winkler M, John S, Dombrowski RD, Bode B, Gittelsohn J. Refining the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey (NEMS) for Healthy Community Stores: Adaptations to Capture Alternative Food Retailers and Align with Dietary Guidelines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912875. [PMID: 36232175 PMCID: PMC9566451 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate consumption of healthy food is an ongoing public health issue in the United States. Food availability measures of supply versus consumption of healthy foods are disconnected in many studies. There is a need for an objective assessment of the food environment in order to assess how the food supply aligns with the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Data were collected as part of the Healthy Community Stores Case Study Project, including a refined Nutrition Environment Measures Survey for Healthy Community Stores (NEMS-HCS) and an updated Healthy Food Availability Index that aligns with the Healthy Eating Index (HFAHEI). This paper will focus on the NEMS-HCS development process, findings, and HFAHEI application. All food items were more likely to be found at grocery stores rather than corner stores. Food pricing was often above the Consumer Price Index averages for six food items. The NEMS-HCS assessment better aligned with the HEI because it included a wider variety of meats, frozen fruits and vegetables, and an increased selection of whole grains. HFAHEI scoring was inclusive of non-traditional and alternative community stores with a health focus, making it suitable for use at the local level, especially in neighborhoods where supermarkets and large chain stores are less common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex B. Hill
- Detroit Food Map Initiative and Department of Urban Studies and Planning, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Ravneet Kaur
- Division of Health Research and Evaluation, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Samantha M. Sundermeir
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Christina Kasprzak
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Megan Winkler
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sara John
- Center for Science in the Public Interest, Washington, DC 20005, USA
| | - Rachael D. Dombrowski
- Departments of Public Health and Kinesiology, College of Education, Health and Human Services, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Bree Bode
- Division of Kinesiology, Heath and Sport Studies, College of Education, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Joel Gittelsohn
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Rick C, Han J, Elbel B, Schwartz AE. The link between gentrification, children's egocentric food environment, and obesity. HOUSING POLICY DEBATE 2022; 33:85-106. [PMID: 37261106 PMCID: PMC10229138 DOI: 10.1080/10511482.2022.2125788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
While advocates argue that gentrification changes the neighborhood food environment critical to children's diet and health, we have little evidence documenting such changes or the consequences for their health outcomes. Using rich longitudinal, individual-level data on nearly 115,000 New York City children, including egocentric measures of their food environment and BMI, we examine the link between neighborhood demographic change ("gentrification"), children's access to restaurants and supermarkets, and their weight outcomes. We find that children in rapidly gentrifying neighborhoods see increased access to fast food and wait-service restaurants and reduced access to corner stores and supermarkets compared to those in non-gentrifying areas. Boys and girls have higher BMI following gentrification, but only boys are more likely to be obese or overweight. We find public housing moderates the relationship between gentrification and weight, as children living in public housing are less likely to be obese or overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeehee Han
- Bush School of Government and Public Service, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Brian Elbel
- Wagner Graduate School of Public Service and Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy Ellen Schwartz
- Biden School of Public Policy and Administration, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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Ford O, Rainville AJ, Bessire R, Yang X, Wu TY. Understanding the Grocery Store Environment in A Michigan Urban Setting: A Case Study in A Bangladeshi Community. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2021.2002749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Ford
- College of Health and Human Services, Eastern Michigan University Center for Health Disparities Innovations and Studies, Ypsilanti, Michigan, USA
| | - Alice Jo Rainville
- College of Health and Human Services, Eastern Michigan University Center for Health Disparities Innovations and Studies, Ypsilanti, Michigan, USA
| | - Rachel Bessire
- Eastern Michigan University Center for Health Disparities Innovations and Studies, Ypsilanti, Michigan, USA
| | - Xining Yang
- College of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Michigan University Center for Health Disparities Innovations and Studies, Ypsilanti, Michigan, USA
| | - Tsu-Yin Wu
- College of Health and Human Services, Eastern Michigan University Center for Health Disparities Innovations and Studies, Ypsilanti, Michigan, USA
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Hedrick VE, Farris AR, Houghtaling B, Mann G, Misyak SA. Validity of a Market Basket Assessment Tool for Use in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education Healthy Retail Initiatives. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 54:776-783. [PMID: 35623937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the validity of the Market Basket Analysis Tool (MBAT) for food environment quality within various retail environments compared to the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey in Stores (NEMS-S). METHODS In-store assessments using the MBAT and the NEMS-S on the same day in a given store were conducted in grocery stores, corner stores, pharmacies, and dollar stores in a metropolis, and urban and rural counties across 4 states: Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Virginia. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and ANOVAs were used to assess store location, store type differences, and MBAT and NEMS-S scores. RESULTS Market Basket Analysis Tool and NEMS-S data were collected from 114 stores. Market Basket Analysis Tool and NEMS-S total and all individual component scores were significantly correlated (r = 0.84, P ≤ 0.0001; r range, 0.51-0.88; P ≤ 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The MBAT offers a methodology to measure the food retail environment focusing on the availability of healthful food items with a reduced training time and streamlined data collection compared with the NEMS-S. Future work can assess the completion time of the MBAT compared with the NEMS-S and the ability of the MBAT to detect changes in food environment quality post healthy food retail interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valisa E Hedrick
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.
| | - Alisha R Farris
- Department of Nutrition and Health Care Management, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC
| | - Bailey Houghtaling
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Georgianna Mann
- Department of Nutrition and Hospitality Management, University of Mississippi, University, MS
| | - Sarah A Misyak
- Virginia Cooperative Extension Family Nutrition Program, Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
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Almeida IJD, Garcez A, Backes V, Cunha CMDL, Schuch I, Canuto R. Association between the community food environment and dietary patterns in residents of areas of different socio-economic levels of a southern capital city in Brazil. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-9. [PMID: 35811411 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to verify the association between the community food environment and dietary patterns in a population of different socio-economic levels. This cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 400 adults and elderly aged between 20 and 70 years residing in the central area of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Four dietary patterns were explored: healthy, traditional Brazilian, refined carbohydrates and sugars, and fast food. The community food environment included the identification of all food stores by areas where individuals lived and auditing based on the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey in Stores (NEMS-S) score. Poisson regression was used to estimate the prevalence ratios (PR) and their respective 95 % CI. After the adjustment for individual sociodemographic characteristics, residents of the area with the best community food environment (highest NEMS-S score) had 12 % and 18 % lower probabilities of high consumption (upper tertile) of the traditional (PR = 0·88; 95 % CI (0·78, 0·98)) and refined carbohydrate and sugar (PR = 0·82; 95 % CI (0·73, 0·92)) dietary patterns, respectively, compared with those living in the area with the worst community food environment (lowest NEMS-S score). Healthy and fast-food dietary patterns showed no association with the community food environment. In conclusion, the community food environment is a factor associated with the consumption of certain dietary patterns, independent of individual sociodemographic characteristics. Thus, aspects of the community food environment become important in food and nutrition actions and policies aimed at health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Jardim de Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Anderson Garcez
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Backes
- Department of Nutrition, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Marques de Lima Cunha
- Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ilaine Schuch
- Postgraduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Raquel Canuto
- Postgraduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Gangrade N, St Fleur K, Leak TM. Factors That Influence Snacking Behaviors of Adolescents From Urban Communities: A Qualitative Study. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 54:521-531. [PMID: 35351357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To qualitatively explore factors that influence snacking behaviors of adolescents from urban communities. DESIGN One-time, semistructured phone interviews based on Social Cognitive Theory. SETTING Boys and Girls Club in New York City. PARTICIPANTS A total of 30 adolescents (aged 12-18 years; mean age 15.2 years, mostly female [57%], and Black or African American [83%]) were purposively recruited. This sample is representative of adolescent members at this Boys and Girls Club in New York City. PHENOMENON OF INTEREST Adolescents were asked about personal, environmental, and behavioral factors influencing snacking. ANALYSIS Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and transcripts were analyzed using the thematic analysis approach in NVivo (version 12). RESULTS In terms of personal factors, adolescents' snacking was influenced by preference (eg, taste and brand), health benefits, and health concerns. Regarding the social environment, adolescents remarked that snacking with peers promoted unhealthy snacking, while snacking, with family promoted healthier snacking. The family culture was also a salient factor. In addition, adolescents discussed how proximity to corner stores in their physical environment fostered unhealthy snacking. Finally, behavioral factors that influenced frequent snacking were high self-efficacy and food autonomy. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Snacking among adolescents from urban communities is influenced by preference, health, family/peer influence, neighborhood availability/access, and high autonomy. These factors can be targeted in interventions to improve snacking among this demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navika Gangrade
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
| | | | - Tashara M Leak
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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12
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Gangrade N, St Fleur K, Leak TM. What is a "Snack"? Perspectives from Adolescents in Urban Communities. Ecol Food Nutr 2021; 61:442-459. [PMID: 34957882 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2021.2020114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Snacking contributes significantly to U.S. adolescents' dietary intake and is a particularly significant eating occasion for urban adolescents, who have high amounts of food autonomy and access to corner stores. Consequently, research has focused on understanding and improving snacking among urban adolescents. However, the word "snack" possesses several definitions in the literature, leading to inconsistences in research efforts. As such, the aim of this study was to explore the definition of a snack among urban adolescents by conducting phone interviews with 30 adolescents from a Boys & Girls Club in New York City. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Overall, adolescents defined a snack as a small, unhealthy food item that can be quickly eaten to reduce hunger between meals. Future directions include using the definition of a snack that emerged from this study to improve subsequent adolescent snacking interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navika Gangrade
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Kimberly St Fleur
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Tashara M Leak
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Rosales Chávez JB, Jehn M, Lee RE, Ohri-Vachaspati P, Ortiz-Hernandez L, Romo-Aviles M, Bruening M. Development and Interrater Reliability of a Street Food Stand Assessment Tool. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 53:1072-1080. [PMID: 34362667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To design and test the interrater reliability of a Street Food Stand Assessment Tool (SFSAT). DESIGN Variables were adapted from validated assessment tools, field observations, and the Mexican Dietary Guidelines. Two researchers tested the SFSAT by observing street food stands (SFS) in 3 middle- to high-income neighborhoods. SETTING Mexico City. PARTICIPANTS Fifty-two SFS. VARIABLES MEASURED The SFSAT contains 14 items for SFS characteristics and 44 items for food and beverages. ANALYSIS Percent agreement and kappa interrater reliability scores were calculated for each variable. RESULTS Almost perfect kappa interrater reliability scores (0.81-1.00) were reported for 62.7% of SFS characteristic items. Interrater reliability scores for food and beverage availability and variety ranged from 0.00-1.00, whereas the percent agreement for these items ranged from 59.6%-100.0%. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The SFSAT is a reliable assessment tool to measure the availability and variety of street foods and beverages in Mexico City. Future research can update and adapt the SFSAT to the street food environment of other cities-in Mexico and abroad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose B Rosales Chávez
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ.
| | - Megan Jehn
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Rebecca E Lee
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | | | - Luis Ortiz-Hernandez
- Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mariana Romo-Aviles
- Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Meg Bruening
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
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Janda KM, Ranjit N, Salvo D, Nielsen A, Akhavan N, Diaz M, Lemoine P, Casnovsky J, van den Berg A. A Multi-Pronged Evaluation of a Healthy Food Access Initiative in Central Texas: Study Design, Methods, and Baseline Findings of the FRESH-Austin Evaluation Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10834. [PMID: 34682578 PMCID: PMC8535966 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Food insecurity and limited healthy food access are complex public health issues and warrant multi-level evaluations. The purpose of this paper was to present the overall study design and baseline results of the multi-pronged evaluation of a healthy food access (i.e., Fresh for Less (FFL)) initiative in Central Texas. The 2018-2021 FRESH-Austin study was a natural experiment that utilized a cluster random sampling strategy to recruit three groups of participants (total n = 400): (1) customers at FFL assets, (2) residents that lived within 1.5 miles of an FFL asset, and (3) residents from a comparison community. Evaluation measures included annual cohort surveys, accelerometers and GPS devices, store-level audits, and built environment assessments. Data are being used to inform and validate an agent-based model (ABM) to predict food shopping and consumption behaviors. Sociodemographic factors and food shopping and consumption behaviors were similar across the three groups; however, customers recruited at FFL assets were lower income and had a higher prevalence of food insecurity. The baseline findings demonstrate the need for multi-level food access interventions, such as FFL, in low-income communities. In the future, ABM can be used as a cost-effective way to determine potential impacts of future large-scale food environment programs and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Janda
- UTHealth School of Public Health, Austin, TX 78701, USA; (N.R.); (A.N.); (N.A.); (M.D.); (A.v.d.B.)
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - Nalini Ranjit
- UTHealth School of Public Health, Austin, TX 78701, USA; (N.R.); (A.N.); (N.A.); (M.D.); (A.v.d.B.)
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA;
| | - Aida Nielsen
- UTHealth School of Public Health, Austin, TX 78701, USA; (N.R.); (A.N.); (N.A.); (M.D.); (A.v.d.B.)
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - Nika Akhavan
- UTHealth School of Public Health, Austin, TX 78701, USA; (N.R.); (A.N.); (N.A.); (M.D.); (A.v.d.B.)
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - Martha Diaz
- UTHealth School of Public Health, Austin, TX 78701, USA; (N.R.); (A.N.); (N.A.); (M.D.); (A.v.d.B.)
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - Pablo Lemoine
- Centro Nacional de Consultoría, Bogotá 110221, Colombia;
| | | | - Alexandra van den Berg
- UTHealth School of Public Health, Austin, TX 78701, USA; (N.R.); (A.N.); (N.A.); (M.D.); (A.v.d.B.)
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, Austin, TX 78701, USA
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Gillespie R, DeWitt E, Norman-Burgdolf H, Dunnaway B, Gustafson A. Community-Based Efforts Aim to Improve the Food Environment within a Highly Obese Rural Appalachian County. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072200. [PMID: 34206825 PMCID: PMC8308232 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rural communities in Appalachia are displaying increased obesity prevalence, yet traditional interventions have not provided a broad enough impact to improve dietary consumption patterns. Therefore, expanding efforts that address the food environment and incorporate behavioral nudges through community-developed marketing strategies may be a viable mechanism to improve food and beverage choices within this unique population. This study installed shelf-wobblers across n = 5 gas stations in one rural Appalachian county in Kentucky. Smart Snacks were identified from store inventory lists utilizing the CDC Food Service Guideline for Federal Facilities calculator and were categorized into high-protein snacks, low-fat carbohydrate snacks, meal replacement snacks, and no-calorie beverages. NEMS-CS audits were conducted, and monthly sales data was collected at baseline and for six months thereafter for each store location. A difference-in-difference model was used, adjusting for total sales or total mean sales for each Smart Snack model to assess the percentage change within and between stores. Overall, percent change in mean sales and total sales across all stores resulted in a percentage increase of sales of Smart Snack items following wobbler installment. This study provides unique insight into how a community-driven approach to marketing can influence the sale of healthier food and beverage items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Gillespie
- Family Consumer Sciences Extension, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-859-257-7793
| | - Emily DeWitt
- Family Consumer Sciences Extension, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
| | - Heather Norman-Burgdolf
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (H.N.-B.); (B.D.); (A.G.)
| | - Brynnan Dunnaway
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (H.N.-B.); (B.D.); (A.G.)
| | - Alison Gustafson
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (H.N.-B.); (B.D.); (A.G.)
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Backes V, Costa JSDD, Bairros FSD, Cafruni CB, Olinto MTA. [Food environment in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: the association with neighborhood sociodemographic variables]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2021; 26:1965-1976. [PMID: 34076136 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232021265.15972019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope of this study is to describe the food environment of a medium-sized municipality in southern Brazil and compare the availability of different types of food outlets in neighborhood socioeconomic and demographic environments. An ecological study was carried out in 45 buffers of 400m in São Leopoldo county, RS. The buffer was calculated from the center point of the residences of women participating in a larger research project. All streets were surveyed to identify food stores and record their geographical coordinates, as well as apply the NEMS questionnaire on the availability, price and quality of 108 items. The commercial outlets were classified as supermarkets, grocery stores, fruit stores and convenience stores. Supermarkets and grocery stores were present in higher quantity in lower income buffers and grocery stores were more prevalent in those with higher population tertiles. Another result was a direct relationship between NEMS and tertile income scores for supermarkets, grocery stores and fruit stores, and an indirect relationship for the same stores and population tertile. The availability of healthy food was higher in areas with higher income and lower numbers of inhabitants, indicating the need for better distribution of food stores and availability of varieties of food in the municipality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Backes
- Secretaria Municipal de Educação, Esporte e Lazer, Prefeitura Municipal de São Leopoldo. Av. Dom João Becker, Centro. 93022-250 São Leopoldo RS Brasil.
| | | | - Fernanda Souza de Bairros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre RS Brasil
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Kholina K, Grant A, Waddington M, Egbe M, Grant S, Terashima M, Williams PL. In-store food environment for adults and children in Nova Scotia, Canada. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 2021; 112:430-439. [PMID: 33237485 PMCID: PMC8076380 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-020-00431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper examines the retail food environment in grocery and convenience stores across Nova Scotia with specific attention to prominence and promotion of foods and beverages, as well as in-store promotion of foods and beverages to children. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional analysis of data on the availability, price, prominence, and promotion of foods and beverages classified as "healthier" and "less healthy" was undertaken as a part of a Nova Scotia Consumer Food Environment (NS-CFE) project. Data were collected in a random stratified sample of 47 grocery stores and 59 convenience stores by trained research assistants working in pairs using adapted Nutrition Environment Measures Survey Toronto grocery store (NEMS-S) and NEMS Corner Store (NEMS-CS) tools. RESULTS "Less healthy" snack foods and sugar-sweetened beverages were more prominently displayed than "healthier" options with an exception of cereal, at both grocery and convenience stores (all p < 0.001). Coke™ and fruit juice were more expensive than water in both grocery and convenience stores (both p ≤ 0.05). Significantly more child-specific strategies were used to promote "less healthy" compared with "healthier" options in both grocery and convenience stores (both p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Results of this study demonstrate that "less healthy" options are significantly more prominently displayed and more heavily marketed to all Nova Scotians, including children, in the retail food environment compared with items classified as "healthier". These findings indicate that there is a need for comprehensive structural changes to the retail food environment in Nova Scotia, to support population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Kholina
- Food Action Research Centre (FoodARC) and Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Amy Grant
- Maritime SPOR Support Unit and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Canada
| | | | - Manfred Egbe
- Food Action Research Centre (FoodARC) and Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Shannan Grant
- Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre and Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Mikiko Terashima
- School of Planning, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Patricia L Williams
- Food Action Research Centre (FoodARC) and Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
- Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
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Leak TM, Gangrade N, Tester J. Facilitators and barriers to preparing and offering whole grains to children diagnosed with prediabetes: qualitative interviews with low-income caregivers. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:931. [PMID: 34001074 PMCID: PMC8127312 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10915-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of U.S. youth with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing, with those from racial/ethnic minority and low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds at greater risk. Dietary fiber (e.g., whole grains and vegetables) is shown to be inversely associated with T2D risk, yet dietary recommendations are not being met. Caregivers play an important role in home food availability, but low SES neighborhoods are shown to have limited access to fiber-rich foods such as whole grains. The overall aim of this qualitative study was to assess caregiver perceptions about facilitators and barriers to preparing and offering whole grains that they received as part of the 16-week Food Overcoming Our Diabetes Risk (FoodRx) pilot study. Methods A convenience sample of 60 youth (8–17 years) with obesity and prediabetes were recruited from an urban pediatric weight management clinic to participate in the FoodRx pilot study. Caregivers accompanied youth to a baseline clinic visit and completed a survey that asked about individual and household characteristics. Exit interviews were conducted at the follow-up clinic visit with caregivers of all youth who completed the study (n = 48) in order to assess facilitators and barriers experienced when preparing and offering whole grains. Interview transcripts were coded using the constant comparative method and grounded theory approaches. Results Caregivers (n = 48) had a mean age of 43 years and were primarily female (n = 46) and Hispanic (71%). Main facilitators to preparing and offering whole grains in the home were caregivers’ improved knowledge of whole grain health benefits and the development of strategies to encourage their children to consume whole grains (i.e., pairing whole grains with another liked food). A main barrier for caregivers was the lack of resources available to identify and prepare the novel whole grains that they received. Conclusion Findings suggest that caregivers are receptive to incorporating more whole grains into home-prepared meals, but they may need additional nutrition and cooking education to improve their self-efficacy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10915-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tashara M Leak
- Cornell University, Division of Nutritional Sciences, 416 Savage Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Navika Gangrade
- Cornell University, Division of Nutritional Sciences, 416 Savage Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - June Tester
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, 747 52nd Street, Oakland, CA, 94609, USA
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A relational approach to evaluate food environments finds that the proximate food environment matters for those who use it. Health Place 2021; 69:102564. [PMID: 33894655 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Using a relational approach, this study investigates whether shopping close to home moderates the relationship between the proximate food environment and diet. To address this question, we develop the proximate food retail quality (PFRQ) score, an inverse-distance weighted measure of all food retailers within a resident's neighborhood that incorporates audit data of each food retailer. This study relies on data collected through 24-h dietary recalls and psychosocial surveys administered to 449 adults in two socioeconomically matched neighborhoods. Food retailer audits collected data on the availability, price, and quality of healthful foods. Seventy-one percent of study participants report conducting at least 50% of their food shopping within approximately one mile of their home. Household income and education are associated with likelihood to shop close to home, while access to a personal vehicle is not. Finally, results suggest that, for residents who shop primarily close to home, a one unit increase in proximate food retail environment score is associated with a 17.2-point increase in HEI-2010 score, a measure of overall diet quality that ranges from zero to 100. This study suggests that the food environment matters for those who use it and that a low-quality proximate food environment can amplify individual disadvantage.
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Zerafati-Shoae N, Taghdisi MH, Azadbakht L, Sharif Nia H, Aryaeian N. Defining and Developing Measures of Checklist for Measuring Food Store Environment: A Systematic Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 50:480-491. [PMID: 34178795 PMCID: PMC8214622 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v50i3.5588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Food store measurement is important for planners and policy makers to improve unhealthy stores towards healthy stores. This review aimed to outline the concepts and measures development of checklists that assess food store environment in urban communities. Methods: The search was carried out in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus as well as reference lists of included studies for obtaining published articles between 1990 up to the date of search (30 June 2017). Eligibility criteria attempted to capture peer-reviewed articles aimed at development and validation of checklists for assessing food stores. Results: From 3,862 records, 24 studies were included in this review. Findings showed constructs included in the instruments were availability (n=22); price (n=22); quality of fresh foods (n=13); promotion (n=6); product placement (n=6); advertisement (n=5); shelf space (n=3); display (n=3); store features or characteristics (n=2); marketing (n=2); accessibility; nutrition information; visibility; food variety; signage. There are differences on the conceptual definition of each constructs across the checklists. Only half of studies pursued fully systematic steps for the measures development. Conclusion: Consensus for definition of constructs of food store measurement is necessary. Besides, the development of the measures of checklists needs to be done by high-quality methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Zerafati-Shoae
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Taghdisi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Sharif Nia
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Naheed Aryaeian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Freedman DA, Bell BA, Clark J, Ngendahimana D, Borawski E, Trapl E, Pike S, Sehgal AR. Small Improvements in an Urban Food Environment Resulted in No Changes in Diet Among Residents. J Community Health 2021; 46:1-12. [PMID: 32170531 PMCID: PMC7487057 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-020-00805-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Living in a low-income neighborhood with low access to healthy food retailers is associated with increased risk for chronic disease. The U.S. Healthy Food Financing Initiative (HFFI) provides resources to support the development of infrastructure to improve neighborhood food environments. This natural experiment examined a HFFI funded food hub that was designed to be implemented by a community development corporation in an urban neighborhood in Cleveland, Ohio. It was intended to increase access to affordable, local, and healthy foods; establish programs to increase social connections and support for healthy eating; and create job opportunities for residents. We used a quasi-experimental, longitudinal design to externally evaluate food hub implementation and its impact on changes to the built and social environment and dietary patterns among residents living in the intervention neighborhood (n = 179) versus those in a comparison (n = 150) neighborhood. Overall, many of the food hub components were not implemented fully, and dose and reach of the executed food hub components was low. There were statistically significant improvements in observed availability of healthy foods in the intervention neighborhood versus the comparison neighborhood. There were no changes over time in diet quality scores, total caloric intake, or fruit and vegetable intake in the intervention neighborhood. In conclusion, low dose implementation of a food hub led to small improvements in availability of healthy foods but not in dietary patterns. Findings highlight challenges to implementing a food hub in neighborhoods with low access to healthy food retailers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy A Freedman
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44122, USA.
| | - Bethany A Bell
- College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Jill Clark
- John Glenn College of Public Affairs, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - David Ngendahimana
- Mary Ann Swetland Center for Environmental Health, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44122, USA
| | - Elaine Borawski
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44122, USA
| | - Erika Trapl
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44122, USA
| | - Stephanie Pike
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44122, USA
| | - Ashwini R Sehgal
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44122, USA
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Hosler AS, Cong X, Alharthy A. Food Pantry Use and Its Association with Food Environment and Food Acquisition Behavior among Urban Adults. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2020.1848687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko S. Hosler
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, Renssselaer, New York, USA
| | - Xiao Cong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, Renssselaer, New York, USA
- Parexel China Co. Ltd. Beijing Branch, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Amani Alharthy
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, Renssselaer, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Leschewski AM, Davis DE. The Nutritional Quality of Food Purchases at SNAP-Authorized and Unauthorized Non-Traditional Retailers. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2020.1787289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Leschewski
- Ness School of Management and Economics, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - David E. Davis
- Ness School of Management and Economics, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
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Mayfield KE, Hession SL, Weatherspoon L, Hoerr SL. A Cross-Sectional Analysis Exploring Differences between Food Availability, Food Price, Food Quality and Store Size and Store Location in Flint Michigan. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2019.1693469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kellie E. Mayfield
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah L. Hession
- Center for Statistical Training & Consulting, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Lorraine Weatherspoon
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Sharon L. Hoerr
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Leak TM, Gangrade N, Setiono FJ, Mudrak E. Facilitators and Barriers to Preparing and Selling Whole Grain Snack Packs in New York City Corner Stores Participating in a Healthy Retail Program. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2020.1785363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tashara M. Leak
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Navika Gangrade
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Erika Mudrak
- Cornell Statistical Consulting Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Rummo PE, Wu E, McDermott ZT, Schwartz AE, Elbel B. Relationship between retail food outlets near public schools and adolescent obesity in New York City. Health Place 2020; 65:102408. [PMID: 32861053 PMCID: PMC7540254 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Using objectively-measured height and weight data from academic years 2009-2013 (n = 1,114,010 student-year observations), we estimated the association between the food outlet in closest proximity to schools and the likelihood of obesity among New York City public high school students. Obesity risk was higher for students with a corner store as the nearest option to schools, regardless of whether other food outlet types were located within a quarter mile or a half mile of schools (i.e., benchmarks for zoning policies). Policymakers may want to consider introducing healthier food options near schools, in conjunction with programs to support changes within corner stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale E Rummo
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erilia Wu
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zachary T McDermott
- Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Brian Elbel
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
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Correlates of Healthy Eating in Urban Food Desert Communities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176305. [PMID: 32872539 PMCID: PMC7504505 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The food environment is well documented as an important emphasis for public health intervention. While theoretical models of the relationship between the food environment and dietary outcomes have been proposed, empirical testing of conceptual models has been limited. The purpose of this study was to explore which factors in nutrition environments are significantly associated with dietary outcomes in two urban, low-income, and minority food desert communities. This study analyzed cross-sectional data based on 796 participants from the Food in Our Neighborhood Study. Participants were recruited based on a random sample of addresses in neighborhood study areas, Philadelphia, PA (n = 393) and Trenton, NJ (n = 403). Main dietary outcomes were Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores and fruit and vegetable consumption subscores computed from ASA24® assessments. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted and yielded a model of four factors with 22 items. Among four factors that emerged, three factors (Perceptions of Neighborhood Food Availability; and Household Food Challenges) were significantly correlated with dietary outcomes. My Store's Quality and Perceptions of Neighborhood Food Availability were positively correlated with vegetable consumption subscore. The Household Food Challenges factor was negatively correlated with both vegetable subscore and overall HEI score (i.e., more household challenges were associated with lower dietary scores). These findings confirmed the importance of perceived nutrition environments and household food challenges in predicting dietary outcomes among residents of two urban, low-income, and minority food desert communities.
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Winkler MR, Lenk KM, Erickson DJ, Caspi CE, Laska MN. Longitudinal Fruit and Vegetable Sales in Small Food Retailers: Response to a Novel Local Food Policy and Variation by Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155480. [PMID: 32751326 PMCID: PMC7432731 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Small food retailers, including corner/convenience stores, pharmacies, gas-marts, and dollar stores, have historically stocked limited fruits and vegetables, though this may be changing. We examined increases in sales, customer purchasing, and stocking of fresh and/or frozen fruits and vegetables in small food stores over time and in relation to: (a) a local food policy (the Minneapolis Staple Foods Ordinance) and (b) neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES). We used longitudinal data (2014–2017) from 147 randomly-sampled stores in Minneapolis/St. Paul, USA, collected using interviewer-administered manager surveys (measuring sales and stocking) and customer intercepts/observations (measuring purchasing, n = 3039). The local policy required Minneapolis stores to meet minimum stocking standards for fresh/frozen produce and other healthy foods. No ordinance existed in St. Paul. Mixed regression models examined overall change over time and change by city and neighborhood SES. We observed significant increases over time (p < 0.05) in sales and purchasing of fresh fruit and in stocking of fresh fruit, frozen fruit, and frozen vegetables. We did not identify consistent statistical evidence for differential change in sales, purchasing, or stocking by city or neighborhood SES. Key study findings suggest limited differential effects of the local ordinance and/or neighborhood SES. However, findings also indicate significant time trends for some products, including consistent improvements in sales, customer purchasing, and stocking of fresh fruit. Given the ready-to-eat convenience of many fresh fruits and their broad appeal, fresh fruit appears a promising target for advancing the healthfulness of small food retailers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R. Winkler
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (K.M.L.); (D.J.E.); (M.N.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kathleen M. Lenk
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (K.M.L.); (D.J.E.); (M.N.L.)
| | - Darin J. Erickson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (K.M.L.); (D.J.E.); (M.N.L.)
| | - Caitlin E. Caspi
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Program in Health Disparities Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Melissa N. Laska
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (K.M.L.); (D.J.E.); (M.N.L.)
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Kids in a Candy Store: An Objective Analysis of Children's Interactions with Food in Convenience Stores. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072143. [PMID: 32708485 PMCID: PMC7400802 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing rates of childhood obesity worldwide has focused attention on the obesogenic food environment. This paper reports an analysis of children's interactions with food in convenience stores. Kids'Cam was a cross-sectional study conducted from July 2014 to June 2015 in New Zealand in which 168 randomly selected children aged 11-14 years old wore a wearable camera for a 4-day period. In this ancillary study, images from children who visited a convenience store were manually coded for food and drink availability. Twenty-two percent of children (n = 37) visited convenience stores on 62 occasions during the 4-day data collection period. Noncore items dominated the food and drinks available to children at a rate of 8.3 to 1 (means were 300 noncore and 36 core, respectively). The food and drinks marketed in-store were overwhelmingly noncore and promoted using accessible placement, price offers, product packaging, and signage. Most of the 70 items purchased by children were noncore foods or drinks (94.6%), and all of the purchased food or drink subsequently consumed was noncore. This research highlights convenience stores as a key source of unhealthy food and drink for children, and policies are needed to reduce the role of convenience stores in the obesogenic food environment.
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Availability and affordability of healthy and less healthy food in Nova Scotia: where you shop may affect the availability and price of healthy food. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:2345-2353. [PMID: 32524938 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020000841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to examine the availability and price of healthier compared with less healthy foods by geography, store category and store type for convenience stores, and by store size for grocery stores in Nova Scotia. DESIGN A cross-sectional study that examined differences in the overall availability and price of healthier compared to less healthy foods in grocery and convenience stores in Nova Scotia. The Nova Scotia Consumer Food Environment project was part of a larger initiative of the Nova Scotia government (Department of Health and Wellness) to assess the food and beverage environment in Nova Scotia in 2015/16. SETTING Four geographic zones (Nova Scotia Health Authority Management Zones) in Nova Scotia, Canada. PARTICIPANTS A sample of forty-seven grocery stores and fifty-nine convenience stores were selected from a list of 210 grocery stores and 758 convenience stores in Nova Scotia to ensure geographic and store type representation in our sample. RESULTS Findings indicate that rurality had a significant effect on food availability as measured by the Nutrition Environment Measures Surveys (NEMS) score (P < 0·01); there was a higher availability of healthy foods in rural compared to urban areas for convenience stores but not grocery stores. Healthier foods were also more available in chain stores compared to independent stores (P < 0·01) and in large stores compared to small and medium stores (P < 0·001 and P < 0·01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The availability of and accessibility to less healthy foods in Nova Scotia food environment suggests that there is a need for government policy action to support a food environment that contributes to healthier diets.
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Thomson JL, Goodman MH, Landry AS. Measurement of Nutrition Environments in Grocery Stores, Convenience Stores, and Restaurants in the Lower Mississippi Delta. Prev Chronic Dis 2020; 17:E24. [PMID: 32163354 PMCID: PMC7085910 DOI: 10.5888/pcd17.190293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Lower Mississippi Delta is characterized by several factors associated with poor diet quality. Our objective was to measure local nutrition environments of pregnant women and their infants who participated in a nutrition and physical activity intervention to assess environmental exposures potentially influencing their dietary habits. Methods We measured the nutrition environments of 5 towns in which participants resided by using the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey for grocery stores, convenience stores, full-service restaurants, and fast food restaurants. We used general linear models to test for differences in ratio scores, calculated by dividing each food outlet score by the maximum score possible, among food outlet classes and subclasses. Results Mean total ratio scores (expressed as percentages) for the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey among 4 classes of food outlets were significantly different from one another except for convenience stores and full-service restaurants. On average, grocery stores (n = 11) had 54% of maximum points possible, followed by full-service restaurants (21%; n = 50), convenience stores (16%; n = 86), and fast food restaurants (8%; n = 119). We found no significant differences in mean total ratio scores among convenience store subclasses. For fast food restaurant subclasses, stand-alone restaurants (n = 81) had 19% of maximum points possible, significantly higher than grocery store delicatessens (6%; n = 8), corner stores that sold fast food (3%; n = 5), and gas stations that sold fast food (4%; n = 25). Conclusion These 5 Lower Mississippi Delta towns scored low on nutrition environment measures associated with healthful eating. Behavioral interventions designed to bring about positive changes in dietary habits of rural residents are needed; however, effects may be minimal if environmental factors supportive of healthful eating are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Thomson
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Stoneville, Mississippi.,Agricultural Research Service, 141 Experiment Station Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776.
| | - Melissa H Goodman
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Stoneville, Mississippi
| | - Alicia S Landry
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, Arkansas
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Youth Willingness to Purchase Whole Grain Snack Packs from New York City Corner Stores Participating in a Healthy Retail Program. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183233. [PMID: 31487809 PMCID: PMC6765790 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Corners stores in low-income communities are a promising setting to intervene in youth whole grain intake. One strategy that may encourage whole grain intake is if corner stores were to pair and sell whole grain snacks in combination with either a liked fruit or vegetable and an optional condiment (i.e., a whole grain snack pack). This study examined youth in terms of their (1) liking of fruits, vegetables, and whole grain snacks; (2) perceptions about which fruits and vegetables pair best with whole grain snacks; and (3) willingness to pay for a whole grain snack pack. One-time intercept surveys were conducted with 10-18-year-olds (n = 402) who visited a New York City (NYC) corner store (n = 34) participating in the City Harvest Healthy Retail Program. On average, youth were willing to spend $2.38 (SD $4.32) on a whole grain snack pack. Higher overall liking scores for vegetables and whole grain snacks were associated with willingness to spend 24.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 11.5-38.7%) and 21.6% (95%CI: 5.2-40.6%) more on whole grain snack packs, respectively. In conclusion, youth are receptive to purchasing whole grain snack packs from NYC corner stores participating in a healthy retail program.
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Healthy Food Access in Low-Income High-Minority Communities: A Longitudinal Assessment-2009-2017. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16132354. [PMID: 31277250 PMCID: PMC6650883 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16132354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Disparities in healthy food access are well documented in cross-sectional studies in communities across the United States. However, longitudinal studies examining changes in food environments within various neighborhood contexts are scarce. In a sample of 142 census tracts in four low-income, high-minority cities in New Jersey, United States, we examined the availability of different types of food stores by census tract characteristics over time (2009-2017). Outlets were classified as supermarkets, small grocery stores, convenience stores, and pharmacies using multiple sources of data and a rigorous protocol. Census tracts were categorized by median household income and race/ethnicity of the population each year. Significant declines were observed in convenience store prevalence in lower- and medium-income and majority black tracts (p for trend: 0.004, 0.031, and 0.006 respectively), while a slight increase was observed in the prevalence of supermarkets in medium-income tracts (p for trend: 0.059). The decline in prevalence of convenience stores in lower-income and minority neighborhoods is likely attributable to declining incomes in these already poor communities. Compared to non-Hispanic neighborhoods, Hispanic communities had a higher prevalence of small groceries and convenience stores. This higher prevalence of smaller stores, coupled with shopping practices of Hispanic consumers, suggests that efforts to upgrade smaller stores in Hispanic communities may be more sustainable.
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Freedman DA, Bell BA, Clark JK, Sharpe PA, Trapl ES, Borawski EA, Pike SN, Rouse C, Sehgal AR. Socioecological Path Analytic Model of Diet Quality among Residents in Two Urban Food Deserts. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019; 119:1150-1159. [PMID: 31031105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet is critical to chronic disease prevention, yet there are persistent disparities in diet quality among Americans. The socioecological model suggests multiple factors, operating at multiple levels, influence diet quality. OBJECTIVE The goal was to model direct and indirect relationships among healthy eating identity, perceived control of healthy eating, social support for healthy eating, food retail choice block scores, perceptions of healthy food availability, and food shopping behaviors and diet quality measured using Healthy Eating Index-2010 scores (HEI-2010) for residents living in two urban communities defined as food deserts. DESIGN A cross-sectional design was used including data collected via self-reported surveys, 24-dietary recalls, and through objective observations of food retail environments. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Data collection occurred in 2015-2016 in two low-income communities in Cleveland (n=243) and Columbus (n=244), OH. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE HEI-2010 scores were calculated based on the average of three 24-hour dietary recalls using the Nutrition Data System for Research. ANALYSIS Separate path models, controlled for income, were run for each community. Analysis was guided by a conceptual model with 15 hypothesized direct and indirect effects on HEI-2010 scores. Associations were considered statistically significant at P<0.05 and P<0.10 because of modest sample sizes in each community. RESULTS Across both models, significant direct effects on HEI-2010 scores included healthy eating identity (β=.295, Cleveland; β=.297, Columbus, P<0.05) and distance traveled to primary food store (β=.111, Cleveland, P<0.10; β=.175, Columbus, P<0.05). Perceptions of healthy food availability had a significant, inverse effect in the Columbus model (β=-.125, P<0.05). The models explained greater variance in HEI-2010 scores for the Columbus community compared with Cleveland (R2=.282 and R2=.152, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the need for tailored dietary intervention approaches even within demographically comparable communities. Interventions aimed at improving diet quality among residents living in food deserts may need to focus on enhancing healthy eating identity using culturally relevant approaches while at the same time addressing the need for transportation supports to access healthy food retailers located farther away.
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Martínez-García A, Trescastro-López EM, Galiana-Sánchez ME, Pereyra-Zamora P. Data Collection Instruments for Obesogenic Environments in Adults: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1414. [PMID: 31010209 PMCID: PMC6518267 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16081414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The rise in obesity prevalence has increased research interest in the obesogenic environment and its influence on excess weight. The aim of the present study was to review and map data collection instruments for obesogenic environments in adults in order to provide an overview of the existing evidence and enable comparisons. Through the scoping review method, different databases and webpages were searched between January 1997 and May 2018. Instruments were included if they targeted adults. The documents were categorised as food environment or built environment. In terms of results, 92 instruments were found: 46 instruments measuring the food environment, 42 measuring the built environment, and 4 that characterised both environments. Numerous diverse instruments have been developed to characterise the obesogenic environment, and some of them have been developed based on existing ones; however, most of them have not been validated and there is very little similarity between them, hindering comparison of the results obtained. In addition, most of them were developed and used in the United States and were written in English. In conclusion, there is a need for a robust instrument, improving or combining existing ones, for use within and across countries, and more sophisticated study designs where the environment is contemplated in an interdisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Martínez-García
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science-University of Alicante. Campus de Sant Vicent del Raspeig. Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Eva María Trescastro-López
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science-University of Alicante. Campus de Sant Vicent del Raspeig. Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - María Eugenia Galiana-Sánchez
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science-University of Alicante. Campus de Sant Vicent del Raspeig. Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Pamela Pereyra-Zamora
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science-University of Alicante. Campus de Sant Vicent del Raspeig. Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
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Storr R, Carins J, Rundle-Thiele S. Assessing Support for Advantaged and Disadvantaged Groups: A Comparison of Urban Food Environments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1135. [PMID: 30934887 PMCID: PMC6479462 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Individuals from lower-socio-economic status (SES) communities have increased risk of developing obesity in developed countries such as Australia. Given the influence of the environment on dietary behaviour, this paper seeks to examine food environments in areas of differing social advantage. An established measurement tool (the NEMS-Nutrition Environment Measurement Survey), that captures aspects of support for healthy eating within restaurants (NEMS-R) and grocery/convenience stores (NEMS-S), was applied to both a high-SES and a low-SES suburb within Brisbane, Australia. The study found a significantly more supportive restaurant food environment in the high-SES suburb, with greater access to and availability of healthful foods, as well as facilitators for, reduced barriers to, and substantially more nutrition information for healthful eating. A higher number of outlets were found in the high-SES suburb, and later opening times were also observed. Overall, the results from stores (NEMS-S) suggest poor support for healthful eating across both suburbs. This study highlights how food environments in low-SES regions continue to be less supportive of healthful eating. Public health strategies must move beyond individual-focused strategies to ensure that our most disadvantaged, low-SES communities have an equal opportunity to access healthful foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Storr
- Social Marketing at Griffith, Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - Julia Carins
- Social Marketing at Griffith, Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
- Defence Science & Technology Group, Land Division, Scottsdale, TAS 7260, Australia.
| | - Sharyn Rundle-Thiele
- Social Marketing at Griffith, Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
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Variation in the food environment of small and non-traditional stores across racial segregation and corporate status. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:1624-1634. [PMID: 30846012 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined differences in consumer-level characteristics and structural resources and capabilities of small and non-traditional food retailers (i.e. corner stores, gas-marts, pharmacies, dollar stores) by racial segregation of store neighbourhood and corporate status (corporate/franchise- v. independently owned). DESIGN Observational store assessments and manager surveys were used to examine availability-, affordability- and marketing-related characteristics experienced by consumers as well as store resources (e.g. access to distributors) and perceived capabilities for healthful changes (e.g. reduce pricing on healthy foods). Cross-sectional regression analyses of store and manager data based on neighbourhood segregation and store corporate status were conducted. SETTING Small and non-traditional food stores in Minneapolis and St. Paul, MN, USA.ParticipantsOne hundred and thirty-nine stores; seventy-eight managers. RESULTS Several consumer- and structural-level differences occurred by corporate status, independent of residential segregation. Compared with independently owned stores, corporate/franchise-owned stores were more likely to: not offer fresh produce; when offered, receive produce via direct delivery and charge higher prices; promote unhealthier consumer purchases; and have managers that perceived greater difficulty in making healthful changes (P≤0·05). Only two significant differences were identified by residential racial segregation. Stores in predominantly people of colour communities (<30 % non-Hispanic White) had less availability of fresh fruit and less promotion of unhealthy impulse buys relative to stores in predominantly White communities (P≤0·05). CONCLUSIONS Corporate status appears to be a relevant determinant of the consumer-level food environment of small and non-traditional stores. Policies and interventions aimed at making these settings healthier may need to consider multiple social determinants to enable successful implementation.
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Liu Y, Song S, Gittelsohn J, Jiang N, Hu J, Ma Y, Wen D. Adaptation and Validation of the Chinese Version of the Nutrition Environment Measurement Tool for Stores. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E782. [PMID: 30836654 PMCID: PMC6427157 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Changes in lifestyle and food environment have created a heavy burden of obesity and chronic disease in China. However, measurements of the food environment have been rarely reported in China or other countries with similar food cultures; this measurement shortage is partially due to the lack of valid and reliable measurement tools. The aim of the present study was to adapt and validate a Chinese version of the Nutritional Environment Measurement Survey for Stores (C-NEMS-S). Categories and items of the NEMS-S were culturally adapted to fit the Chinese population and included grains, dry beans, starchy tubers, vegetables, fruits, seafood, meat and poultry, dietary oils, milk, bread, instant noodles, and beverages. A scoring sheet for each food category was created to measure availability, quality, and pricing. Then, the C-NEMS-S was validated in 10 large-sized supermarkets and 10 convenience stores in Shenyang, China. Two trained raters performed their evaluations separately at the same store. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of the availability composite score was 0.98. All food measures had a moderate or good ICC (0.41 to 1.00). The kappa for each food measure ranged from 0.52 to 1.00. C-NEMS-S was able to show the difference in healthy food availability between large-sized supermarkets and convenience stores, as well as the price differences between healthier options and regular options. Large-sized supermarkets had a significantly higher total score (p < 0.001) and healthier option availability for all food measures (all items were statistically significant (p < 0.05), except sugar-free beverages). Healthier options cost more than regular options for grains, milk, bread, and instant noodles (from 4% to 153%). The adapted C-NEMS-S can be used to measure the consumer food environment in stores in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Shenzhi Song
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Joel Gittelsohn
- Department of International Health, Center for Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205-2179, USA.
| | - Nan Jiang
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Jiajin Hu
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Yanan Ma
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Deliang Wen
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Hibbs-Shipp SK, Boles RE, Johnson SL, McCloskey ML, Hobbs S, Bellows LL. Development of a Quality Score for the Home Food Environment Using the Home-IDEA2 and the Healthy Eating Index-2010. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020372. [PMID: 30759760 PMCID: PMC6412482 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The home food environment (HFE) is an important factor in the development of food preferences and habits in young children, and the availability of foods within the home reflects dietary intake in both adults and children. Therefore, it is important to consider the holistic quality of the HFE. The purpose of this study was to apply the Healthy Eating Index (HEI; a measure of diet quality in conformance to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans) algorithm to the Home-IDEA2, a valid and reliable food inventory checklist, to develop a Home-IDEA2 HEI Score. After an initial score was developed, it was psychometrically tested for content, criterion, and construct validity. Content validity testing resulted in 104 foods being retained. Internal criterion testing demonstrated that 42 foods (40%) changed component scores by >5%; however, no single food changed a total Home-IDEA2 HEI score by >5%. Testing of hypothetical HFEs resulted in a range of scores in the expected directions, establishing sensitivity to varied HFEs. This study resulted in a validated methodology to assess the overall quality of the HFE, thus contributing a novel approach for examining home food environments. Future research can test interventions modifying the HFE quality to improve individual dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Hibbs-Shipp
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Richard E Boles
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Susan L Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Morgan L McCloskey
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Savannah Hobbs
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Laura L Bellows
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Development and Validation of a Simple Convenience Store SHELF Audit. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122676. [PMID: 30486483 PMCID: PMC6313507 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background This paper describes the development, reliability, and convergent validity of a practical tool—the Convenience Store Supportive Healthy Environment for Life-Promoting Food (SHELF) Audit. Methods Audit items included: a variety of fresh, processed, and frozen fruits and vegetables; low-fat dairy products; healthy staples and frozen meals; healthy food incentive programs; items sold in check-out areas; portion/cup sizes; and pricing. Each audit item was scored using a five-point semantic-differential scale (1 = provides little or no support for healthful foods to 5 = provides high support for healthful foods). Convergent validity was examined by comparing the SHELF audit to Ghirardelli et al. and Laska et al. store audits. Statistical analysis included: Factor analysis, ANOVA, and Spearman correlations. Results SHELF included three factors: a Fruits/Vegetables scale (eight items, α = 0.79; total potential points = 34); a Healthy Foods scale (four items, α = 0.72; total potential points = 16); and a Supports scale (four items, α = 0.685; total potential points = 16). Only 6% of the 124 convenience stores assessed scored in the most healthful range (46–66). The assessed drug stores (n = 15) scored higher than convenience stores (n = 81) on the Healthy Foods and Supports scales but not the Fruits/Vegetables scale. The SHELF sub-scores were highly correlated with other audit tools indicating convergent validity. Conclusion The SHELF convenience store audit is a valid, reliable tool for assessing the degree to which convenience stores support healthfulness regarding Fruits/Vegetables, Healthy Foods, and Supports for choosing healthy.
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McDaniel PA, Minkler M, Juachon L, Thayer R, Estrada J, Falbe J. Merchant Attitudes Toward a Healthy Food Retailer Incentive Program in a Low-Income San Francisco Neighborhood. INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY OF COMMUNITY HEALTH EDUCATION 2018; 38:207-215. [PMID: 29914334 DOI: 10.1177/0272684x18781788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In low-income urban communities across the United States and globally, small stores frequently offer processed foods, sodas, alcohol, and tobacco but little access to healthy products. To help address this problem, the city of San Francisco created a healthy food retailer incentive program. Its success depends, in part, on retailers' willingness to participate. Through in-person interviews, we explored attitudes toward the program among store owners or managers of 17 nonparticipating stores. Eleven merchants were uninterested in the program due to negative past experiences trying to sell healthier products, perceived lack of customer demand, and fears that meeting program requirements could hurt profits. Six merchants expressed interest, seeing demand for or opportunity in healthy foods, foreseeing few difficulties in meeting program requirements, and regarding the assistance offered as appealing. Other municipalities considering such interventions should consider merchants' perspectives, and how best to challenge or capitalize on retailers' previous experiences with selling healthy foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A McDaniel
- 1 Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meredith Minkler
- 2 Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Juachon
- 3 Community Organizing Department, Tenderloin Neighborhood Development Corporation, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Thayer
- 3 Community Organizing Department, Tenderloin Neighborhood Development Corporation, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Estrada
- 4 San Francisco Department of Public Health, Community Health Equity & Promotion Branch, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Falbe
- 5 Department of Human Ecology, Division of Human Development and Family Studies, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Tibbits M, Wang H, Soliman G, Schram S, Balluff M, Grimm BL, Siahpush M. Demographic differences in healthy food purchases in a corner store intervention. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2017.1403405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Tibbits
- Department of Health Promotion, Social and Behavioral Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Public Health, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Health Services Research & Administration, University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Public Health, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ghada Soliman
- Department of Health Promotion, Social and Behavioral Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Public Health, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sarah Schram
- Division of Community Health and Nutrition Services, Douglas County Health Department, Omaha, NE
| | - Mary Balluff
- Division of Community Health and Nutrition Services, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Brandon L. Grimm
- Office of Public Health Practice, University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Public Health, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mohammad Siahpush
- College of Public Health, Department of Health Promotion, Social and Behavioral Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Wetherill MS, Williams MB, Taniguchi T, Salvatore AL, Jacob T, Cannady T, Grammar M, Standridge J, Fox J, Spiegel J, Blue Bird Jernigan V. A Nutrition Environment Measure to Assess Tribal Convenience Stores: The THRIVE Study. Health Promot Pract 2018; 21:410-420. [PMID: 30238822 DOI: 10.1177/1524839918800968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In rural American Indian (AI) communities, where supermarkets are rare, tribally owned and operated convenience stores are an important food source. Food environment measures for these settings are needed to understand and address the significant diet-related disparities among AIs. Through a tribal-university partnership that included tribal health and commerce representatives from two Native Nations in rural southeastern Oklahoma, we developed the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey for Tribal Convenience Stores (NEMS-TCS) to inform the development and evaluation of a healthy food retail intervention. The NEMS-TCS assessed four scored domains of the rural convenience store food environment-food availability, pricing, quality, and placement-and included 11 food categories that emphasized ready-to-eat food items. Trained raters administered the NEMS-TCS using a sample of 18 rural convenience stores (primarily ranging between 2,400 and 3,600 square feet). We assessed interrater reliability with kappa statistics for dichotomized variables and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for continuous variables. NEMS-TCS demonstrated high inter-rater reliability for all food categories (>85% agreement), subscores (ICC = 0.73-1.00), and the total score (ICC = 0.99). The NEMS-TCS responds to recent calls for reliable measures for rural food environments and may be valuable for studying food environments of large convenience stores in other Native Nations as well as other rural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna S Wetherill
- University of Oklahoma Tulsa Schusterman Center, College of Public Health, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Mary B Williams
- University of Oklahoma Tulsa Schusterman Center, College of Public Health, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Tori Taniguchi
- University of Oklahoma Tulsa Schusterman Center, College of Public Health, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Alicia L Salvatore
- University of Oklahoma Tulsa Schusterman Center, College of Public Health, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Tvli Jacob
- University of Oklahoma Tulsa Schusterman Center, College of Public Health, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Tamela Cannady
- Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma Health Services, Talihina, OK, USA
| | - Mandy Grammar
- Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma Health Services, Talihina, OK, USA
| | - Joy Standridge
- Chickasaw Nation Nutrition Services Department, Ada, OK, USA
| | - Jill Fox
- Chickasaw Nation Nutrition Services Department, Ada, OK, USA
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Sadeghzadeh CJ, Soldavini J, Uslan D, De Marco M. Novel Sales Tracking Method to Evaluate a Healthy Corner Store Intervention. Health Promot Pract 2018; 21:401-409. [PMID: 30041554 DOI: 10.1177/1524839918789379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article describes a Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education-funded (SNAP-Ed) healthy corner store intervention and novel evaluation method for tracking sales of promoted foods in two corner stores in North Carolina. The healthy corner store intervention was designed to encourage the purchase of healthy foods among SNAP participants. Stickers were placed on eligible foods to highlight healthy options as well as assist with tracking the sales of those products. Store staff removed the sticker and placed it on a tracking sheet that recorded the date, number of healthy foods purchased, whether the purchased item(s) contained a fruit or vegetable, and the type of payment. Storeowners were interested in participating and remained engaged throughout the program; however, there were challenges with fidelity to the intervention and its evaluation using the sticker method to track sales. Additional research on methods for evaluating healthy retail interventions that are simple, low cost, and feasible for retailers that do not have electronic sales data is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniella Uslan
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Molly De Marco
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Shannon J, Bagwell-Adams G, Shannon S, Lee JS, Wei Y. The mobility of food retailers: How proximity to SNAP authorized food retailers changed in Atlanta during the Great Recession. Soc Sci Med 2018; 209:125-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Chrisinger BW, Ramos A, Shaykis F, Martinez T, Banchoff AW, Winter SJ, King AC. Leveraging Citizen Science for Healthier Food Environments: A Pilot Study to Evaluate Corner Stores in Camden, New Jersey. Front Public Health 2018; 6:89. [PMID: 29632857 PMCID: PMC5879453 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 6 years, a coordinated “healthy corner store” network has helped an increasing number of local storeowners stock healthy, affordable foods in Camden, New Jersey, a city with high rates of poverty and unemployment, and where most residents have little or no access to large food retailers. The initiative’s funders and stakeholders wanted to directly engage Camden residents in evaluating this effort to increase healthy food access. In a departure from traditional survey- or focus group-based evaluations, we used an evidence-based community-engaged citizen science research model (called Our Voice) that has been deployed in a variety of neighborhood settings to assess how different features of the built environment both affect community health and wellbeing, and empower participants to create change. Employing the Our Voice model, participants documented neighborhood features in and around Camden corner stores through geo-located photos and audio narratives. Eight adult participants who lived and/or worked in a predefined neighborhood of Camden were recruited by convenience sample and visited two corner stores participating in the healthy corner store initiative (one highly-engaged in the initiative and the other less-engaged), as well as an optional third corner store of their choosing. Facilitators then helped participants use their collected data (in total, 134 images and 96 audio recordings) to identify and prioritize issues as a group, and brainstorm and advocate for potential solutions. Three priority themes were selected by participants from the full theme list (n = 9) based on perceived importance and feasibility: healthy product selection and display, store environment, and store outdoor appearance and cleanliness. Participants devised and presented a set of action steps to community leaders, and stakeholders have begun to incorporate these ideas into plans for the future of the healthy corner store network. Key elements of healthy corner stores were identified as positive, and other priorities, such as improvements to safety, exterior facades, and physical accessibility, may find common ground with other community development initiatives in Camden. Ultimately, this pilot study demonstrated the potential of citizen science to provide a systematic and data-driven process for public health stakeholders to authentically engage community residents in program evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Chrisinger
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Ana Ramos
- The Food Trust, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | | | - Ann W Banchoff
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Sandra J Winter
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Abby C King
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Activity space-based measures of the food environment and their relationships to food purchasing behaviours for young urban adults in Canada. Public Health Nutr 2018; 21:2103-2116. [PMID: 29547369 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018000435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the potential links between activity spaces, the food retail environment and food shopping behaviours for the population of young, urban adults. DESIGN Participants took part in the Canada Food Study, which collected information on demographics, food behaviour, diet and health, as well as an additional smartphone study that included a seven-day period of logging GPS (global positioning system) location and food purchases. Using a time-weighted, continuous representation of participant activity spaces generated from GPS trajectory data, the locations of food purchases and a geocoded food retail data set, negative binomial regression models were used to explore what types of food retailers participants were exposed to and where food purchases were made. SETTING Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Edmonton and Halifax, Canada. SUBJECTS Young adults aged 16-30 years (n 496). These participants were a subset of the larger Canada Food Study. RESULTS Demographics, household food shopper status and city of residence were significantly associated with different levels of exposure to various types of food retailers. Food shopping behaviours were also statistically significantly associated with demographics, the activity space-based food environment, self-reported health and city of residence. CONCLUSIONS The study confirms that food behaviours are related to activity space-based food environment measures, which provide a more comprehensive accounting of food retail exposure than home-based measures. In addition, exposure to food retail and food purchasing behaviours of an understudied population are described.
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Shannon J, Shannon S, Adams GB, Lee JS. Growth In SNAP Retailers Was Associated With Increased Client Enrollment In Georgia During The Great Recession. Health Aff (Millwood) 2018; 35:2100-2108. [PMID: 27834252 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Policies to improve food accessibility in underserved areas often use direct financial incentives to attract new food retailers. Our analysis of data on the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) in Georgia before and after the Great Recession suggests that increased program enrollment improves access to food for SNAP beneficiaries by acting as an indirect subsidy to retailers. We divided food stores into four categories: large, midsize, small, and specialty retailers. Between 2008 and 2011 the number of SNAP enrollees increased by 87 percent, and between 2007 and 2014 the number of SNAP retailers in Georgia increased by 82 percent, primarily because of growth in the number of authorized small retailers. Inside metropolitan Atlanta, changes in the numbers of SNAP enrollees and authorized retailers were positively and significantly associated for small retailers. For the areas outside of metropolitan Atlanta, the association between changes in numbers of enrollees and authorized retailers was strongest for small retailers; more modest associations were also seen for large and specialty retailers. Policy makers should consider how retailers' sensitivity to and reliance on SNAP funding can be leveraged to improve not only food availability, but also access to healthy foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Shannon
- Jerry Shannon is an assistant professor in the Department of Geography and the Department of Financial Planning, Housing, and Consumer Economics at the University of Georgia, in Athens
| | - Sarah Shannon
- Sarah Shannon is an assistant professor in the Department of Sociology at the University of Georgia
| | - Grace Bagwell Adams
- Grace Bagwell Adams is an assistant professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the University of Georgia
| | - Jung Sun Lee
- Jung Sun Lee is an associate professor in the Department of Foods and Nutrition at the University of Georgia
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Lupolt S, Buczynski A, Zota AR, Robien K. Development of a Healthy and Sustainable Food Availability Inventory (HSFAI): an assessment of Washington, DC, grocery stores. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2018.1434098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lupolt
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amanda Buczynski
- Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ami R Zota
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kim Robien
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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50
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Lenk KM, Caspi CE, Harnack L, Laska MN. Customer Characteristics and Shopping Patterns Associated with Healthy and Unhealthy Purchases at Small and Non-traditional Food Stores. J Community Health 2018; 43:70-78. [PMID: 28616707 PMCID: PMC5730500 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-017-0389-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Small and non-traditional food stores (e.g., corner stores) are often the most accessible source of food for residents of lower income urban neighborhoods in the U.S. Although healthy options are often limited at these stores, little is known about customers who purchase healthy, versus less healthy, foods/beverages in these venues. We conducted 661 customer intercept interviews at 105 stores (corner stores, gas marts, pharmacies, dollar stores) in Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota, assessing all food and beverage items purchased. We defined three categories of "healthy" and four categories of "unhealthy" purchases. Interviews assessed customer characteristics [e.g., demographics, body-mass index (BMI)]. We examined associations between healthy versus unhealthy purchases categories and customer characteristics. Overall, 11% of customers purchased ≥1 serving of healthy foods/beverages in one or more of the three categories: 8% purchased fruits/vegetables, 2% whole grains, and 1% non-/low-fat dairy. Seventy-one percent of customers purchased ≥1 serving of unhealthy foods/beverages in one or more of four categories: 46% purchased sugar-sweetened beverages, 17% savory snacks, 15% candy, and 13% sweet baked goods. Male (vs. female) customers, those with a lower education levels, and those who reported shopping at the store for convenience (vs. other reasons) were less likely to purchase fruits/vegetables. Unhealthy purchases were more common among customers with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (vs. lower BMI). Results suggest intervention opportunities to increase healthy purchases at small and non-traditional food stores, particularly interventions aimed at male residents, those with lower education levels and residents living close to the store.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Lenk
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S. Second St. Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.
| | - Caitlin E Caspi
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lisa Harnack
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S. Second St. Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Melissa N Laska
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S. Second St. Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
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