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Gostoli S, Raimondi G, Rafanelli C, Gremigni P. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Unhealthy Lifestyle in Adolescence: Unforeseen Role of Allostatic Overload and Psychological Well-Being. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:956. [PMID: 38786368 PMCID: PMC11121659 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12100956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors (ULBs) are common in early adolescence and could be worsened by Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), as well as by specific psychosocial factors, such as stress and unbalanced (i.e., too high or low scores of) psychological well-being (PWB) dimensions. This multi-center study aimed to evaluate how interactions between ADHD symptoms and psychosocial factors associated with ULBs (i.e., Allostatic Overload and multidimensional Psychological Well-Being), considered as moderators, could affect the adoption of ULBs during adolescence. A total of 440 fourteen-year-old adolescents were recruited from six upper secondary schools in Bologna and Rome (Italy) and completed self-report questionnaires on ULBs, ADHD, and psychosocial factors. Relations between ADHD symptomatology and specific ULBs (i.e., impaired sleep, problematic Internet use) were moderated by variables deemed as "negative" (i.e., Allostatic Overload) or "positive" (i.e., PWB dimensions of Self-Acceptance, Personal Growth, Positive Relations, Purpose in Life, Environmental Mastery): when the "negative" moderator is absent and the levels of the "positive" moderators are higher, ULBs decrease among students with lower ADHD symptomatology but increase among students with more severe ADHD. Based on ADHD severity, interventions should aim at promoting a state of euthymia, which consists in balanced PWB dimensions and reflects the optimal level of well-being to fulfill one's own potential and self-realization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gostoli
- Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (G.R.); (C.R.); (P.G.)
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Mebarak M, Mendoza J, Romero D, Amar J. Healthy Life Habits in Caregivers of Children in Vulnerable Populations: A Cluster Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:537. [PMID: 38791757 PMCID: PMC11121232 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Intervention programs aimed at mitigating the effects of chronic noncommunicable disease (CNDs) focus on promoting healthy lifestyle habits (HLH), especially in the early stages of life. Because of this, different typologies of caregivers have been identified according to HLH during middle childhood and adolescence. However, the available studies have focused on aspects such as nutrition, physical activity, and rest, ignoring other HLHs that are equally important for children's well-being. Likewise, few studies address HLH during the first five years of life and how caregivers affect children's health. In a sample of 544 caregivers of children aged zero to five years from low-income Colombian communities, we established a typology of attitudes toward different HLHs. The results indicate the presence of three clusters that grouped caregivers with (1) positive attitudes toward all HLHs, (2) toward some HLHs, and (3) relatively low positive attitudes toward all HLHs. Membership in clusters with less positive attitudes toward HLHs was also found to be associated with low educational levels and living in rural areas. This study detected profiles of caregivers who may have unhealthy lifestyles, so the results would allow social workers to design differential interventions on HLHs in non-industrialized countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Mebarak
- Human Development Research Center, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 080020, Colombia; (M.M.); (J.A.)
- Department of Psychology, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 080020, Colombia;
| | - Juan Mendoza
- Department of Psychology, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 080020, Colombia;
| | - Duban Romero
- Human Development Research Center, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 080020, Colombia; (M.M.); (J.A.)
| | - José Amar
- Human Development Research Center, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 080020, Colombia; (M.M.); (J.A.)
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Delaney T, Jackson J, Lecathelinais C, Clinton-McHarg T, Lamont H, Yoong SL, Wolfenden L, Sutherland R, Wyse R. Long-Term Effectiveness of a Multi-Strategy Choice Architecture Intervention in Increasing Healthy Food Choices of High-School Students From Online Canteens (Click & Crunch High Schools): Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e51108. [PMID: 38502177 PMCID: PMC10988364 DOI: 10.2196/51108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND School canteens are a recommended setting to influence adolescent nutrition due to their scope to improve student food choices. Online lunch ordering systems ("online canteens") are increasingly used and represent attractive infrastructure to implement choice architecture interventions that nudge users toward healthier food choices. A recent cluster randomized controlled trial demonstrated the short-term effectiveness (2-month follow-up) of a choice architecture intervention to increase the healthiness of foods purchased by high school students from online canteens. However, there is little evidence regarding the long-term effectiveness of choice architecture interventions targeting adolescent food purchases, particularly those delivered online. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the long-term effectiveness of a multi-strategy choice architecture intervention embedded within online canteen infrastructure in high schools at a 15-month follow-up. METHODS A cluster randomized controlled trial was undertaken with 1331 students (from 9 high schools) in New South Wales, Australia. Schools were randomized to receive the automated choice architecture intervention (including menu labeling, positioning, feedback, and prompting strategies) or the control (standard online ordering). The foods purchased were classified according to the New South Wales Healthy Canteen strategy as either "everyday," "occasional," or "should not be sold." Primary outcomes were the average proportion of "everyday," "occasional," and "should not be sold" items purchased per student. Secondary outcomes were the mean energy, saturated fat, sugar, and sodium content of purchases. Outcomes were assessed using routine data collected by the online canteen. RESULTS From baseline to 15-month follow-up, on average, students in the intervention group ordered significantly more "everyday" items (+11.5%, 95% CI 7.3% to 15.6%; P<.001), and significantly fewer "occasional" (-5.4%, 95% CI -9.4% to -1.5%; P=.007) and "should not be sold" items (-6%, 95% CI -9.1% to -2.9%; P<.001), relative to controls. There were no between-group differences over time in the mean energy, saturated fat, sugar, or sodium content of lunch orders. CONCLUSIONS Given their longer-term effectiveness, choice architecture interventions delivered via online canteens may represent a promising option for policy makers to support healthy eating among high school students. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian Clinical Trials ACTRN12620001338954, https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=380546 ; Open Science Framework osf.io/h8zfr, https://osf.io/h8zfr/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Delaney
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Wallsend, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Jacklyn Jackson
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Wallsend, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Christophe Lecathelinais
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Wallsend, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Tara Clinton-McHarg
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hannah Lamont
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Wallsend, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Sze Lin Yoong
- Faculty of Health, School of Health and Social Development, Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Wallsend, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Rachel Sutherland
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Wallsend, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Rebecca Wyse
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Wallsend, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
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Guseman EH, Jurewicz L, Whipps J. Variations in Physical Activity and Screentime According to School Format During the COVID-19 Pandemic. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2024; 94:14-22. [PMID: 37857287 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early studies indicate children's physical activity (PA) decreased during the pandemic but may vary by school format and season. We longitudinally assessed changes in PA and screentime (ST) behaviors throughout 1 year of the COVID-19 pandemic and according to changes in school format. METHODS Parents of children (5-18 years) completed a survey about school format, home characteristics, PA, and ST. Initial data were collected in November 2020 with follow-up in February, May, and August 2021. Physical activity and ST were compared by season and school format using a 4 (format) × 4 (season) repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS Children were active for at least 60 minutes/day less often in winter (2.4 ± 0.3 days; p < .001; n = 176) than in other seasons. Longitudinal analysis (n = 61) showed that PA was highest among students attending school fully in-person and lowest among students attending remotely, though school format differences were not significant. Non-school ST did not differ by season or school format. IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY These results suggest that changes in school format influence students' lifestyle behaviors. CONCLUSIONS The impact on children's lifestyle behaviors should be considered in planning for safe, in-person operation of schools in the event of future pandemics or natural disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Guseman
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH; Ohio University Diabetes Institute, Athens, OH
| | - Laura Jurewicz
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH
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Mueller K, Messner A, Nairz J, Winder B, Staudt A, Stock K, Gande N, Hochmayr C, Bernar B, Pechlaner R, Griesmacher A, Egger AE, Geiger R, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Knoflach M, Kiechl SJ. Determinants of Diet Quality in Adolescents: Results from the Prospective Population-Based EVA-Tyrol and EVA4YOU Cohorts. Nutrients 2023; 15:5140. [PMID: 38140399 PMCID: PMC10746085 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Unhealthy dietary behaviors are estimated to be one of the leading causes of death globally and are often shaped at a young age. Here, we investigated adolescent diet quality and its predictors, including nutrition knowledge, in two large Central European cohorts. (2) Methods: In 3056 participants of the EVA-Tyrol and EVA4YOU prospective population-based cohort studies aged 14 to 19 years, diet quality was assessed using the AHEI-2010 and DASH scores, and nutrition knowledge was assessed using the questionnaire from Turconi et al. Associations were examined utilizing multivariable linear regression. (3) Results: The mean overall AHEI-2010 score was 42%, and the DASH score was 45%. Female participants (60.6%) had a significantly higher diet quality according to the AHEI-2010 and DASH score. AHEI-2010 and DASH scores were significantly associated (p < 0.001) with sex, school type, smoking, and total daily energy intake. The DASH score was additionally significantly associated (p < 0.001) with age, socioeconomic status, and physical activity. Participants with better nutrition knowledge were more likely to be older, to attend a general high school, to live in a high-income household, to be non-smokers, and to have a higher diet quality according to the AHEI-2010 and DASH score. (4) Conclusions: Predictors of better diet quality included female sex, physical activity, educational level, and nutrition knowledge. These results may aid focused interventions to improve diet quality in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Mueller
- VASCage, Centre on Clinical Stroke Research, Adamgasse 23, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Department of Paediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (N.G.); (C.H.); (U.K.-K.)
| | - Alex Messner
- Department of Paediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (N.G.); (C.H.); (U.K.-K.)
| | - Johannes Nairz
- Department of Paediatrics III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.N.); (R.G.)
| | - Bernhard Winder
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Feldkirch Hospital, Carinagasse 41, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria;
| | - Anna Staudt
- Department of Paediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (N.G.); (C.H.); (U.K.-K.)
| | - Katharina Stock
- Department of Paediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (N.G.); (C.H.); (U.K.-K.)
| | - Nina Gande
- Department of Paediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (N.G.); (C.H.); (U.K.-K.)
| | - Christoph Hochmayr
- Department of Paediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (N.G.); (C.H.); (U.K.-K.)
| | - Benoît Bernar
- Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Raimund Pechlaner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Andrea Griesmacher
- The Central Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (ZIMCL), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Alexander E. Egger
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Ralf Geiger
- Department of Paediatrics III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.N.); (R.G.)
| | - Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer
- Department of Paediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (N.G.); (C.H.); (U.K.-K.)
| | - Michael Knoflach
- VASCage, Centre on Clinical Stroke Research, Adamgasse 23, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Sophia J. Kiechl
- VASCage, Centre on Clinical Stroke Research, Adamgasse 23, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Department of Neurology Hochzirl Hospital, Hochzirl 1, 6170 Zirl, Austria
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Zapico AG, Aparicio-Ugarriza R, Quesada-González C, Gómez SF, Wärnberg J, Medrano M, Gusi N, Aznar S, Marín-Cascales E, González-Valeiro MA, Serra-Majem L, Pulgar S, Tur JA, Segu M, Fíto M, Homs C, Benavente-Marín JC, Sánchez-Gómez J, Jiménez-Zazo F, Alcaraz PE, Sevilla-Sánchez M, Herrera-Ramos E, Bouzas C, Sistac C, Schröder H, Gesteiro E, González-Gross M. Lifestyle behaviors clusters in a nationwide sample of Spanish children and adolescents: PASOS study. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:2077-2084. [PMID: 37454185 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth is a vulnerable period. To classify lifestyle behaviors and its relationship with health-related outcomes of Spanish children and adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional study including 3261 children aged 7.5-17.5 y (52.8% females). Physical activity (PA), screen-time, sleep time, adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD), weight status (WS) by validated methods. Cluster analysis was run considering chronological age. RESULTS Six clusters were identified: C1: high screen time, low adherence to MD and sleep time (n = 431,13.20%); C2: high WS, medium adherence to MD,high sleep time, and low screen time (n = 466,14.30%); C3: young group with low screen time and high PA, adherence to MD and sleep (n = 537,16.40%); C4: worst profile regarding adherence to MD, PA, WS and sleep time (n = 609,18.70%); C5: low screen time and PA, high sleep time (n = 804,24.70%); C6: high PA and screen time, low WS (n = 414,12.70%). Mean absolute values were statistically different among PA levels, screen and sleep time, adherence to MD, age, and WS (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The most prevalent pattern was low levels of PA, MD, and screen time, and high sleep time. The second most prevalent was characterized by very low levels of PA, sleep time, and adherence to MD, and high screen time, and WS in adolescents. IMPACT STATEMENT The main identified lifestyle behavior was poor physical activity, low adherence to Mediterranean Diet and high screen and sleep time. Children should increase physical activity levels, adherence to Mediterranean diet, decrease screen and sleep the appropriate hours per day. Families, schools, and medical communities must work together to gloss over present and future diseases. Sleep time had not been previously included in cluster analysis with physical activity, sedentary behaviors, obesity, and nutritional status, thus the present data open a new perspective in Spanish population. Health policies should focus on promoting physical activity, Mediterranean diet, adequate sleep and reducing screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto G Zapico
- ImFINE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Language, Arts and Physical Education, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raquel Aparicio-Ugarriza
- ImFINE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Quesada-González
- ImFINE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada a las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Felipe Gómez
- Gasol Foundation, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Epidemiology and Public Health studies (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- Biomedical Research Center on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- EpiPHAAN Research Group. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Málaga-Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - María Medrano
- ELIKOS group, Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD). CIBEROBN, ISCIII Navarra, Public University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Narcís Gusi
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Susana Aznar
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES). Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Marín-Cascales
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, UCAM, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- Biomedical Research Center on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
- Preventive Medicine Service, Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Susana Pulgar
- Regional Unit of Sports Medicine, Municipal Sports Foundation of Avilés, Asturias, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Biomedical Research Center on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group of Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Montserrat Fíto
- Biomedical Research Center on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Homs
- Gasol Foundation, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- GRoW, Global Research on Wellbeing, Blanquerna School of Life Sciences, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Benavente-Marín
- EpiPHAAN Research Group. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Málaga-Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Sánchez-Gómez
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Fabio Jiménez-Zazo
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Pedro E Alcaraz
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, UCAM, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Estefanía Herrera-Ramos
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Biomedical Research Center on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group of Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Helmut Schröder
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Epidemiology and Public Health studies (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Gesteiro
- ImFINE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- ImFINE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Alosaimi N, Sherar LB, Griffiths P, Pearson N. Clustering of diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour and related physical and mental health outcomes: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1572. [PMID: 37596591 PMCID: PMC10436445 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and diet play an important role in the physical and mental health of young people. Understanding how these behaviours cluster, and the impact of clusters on health is important for the development of public health interventions. This review examines the prevalence of clusters of PA, sedentary time, and dietary behaviours, and how clusters relate to physical and mental health indicators among children, adolescents and young adults. METHODS Electronic (PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus) and manual searches were conducted for articles that were (i) observational studies including children, adolescents and/or young adults aged 5-24 years, (ii) examined the 'patterning', 'clustering', or 'co-existence' of each of PA, dietary behaviour and SB, and (iii) published in English up to and including July 2022. In addition to information on clustering, data on physical and mental health outcomes were extracted where reported. Included studies were assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias for observational studies. A narrative synthesis was conducted due to high heterogeneity. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021230976). RESULTS Forty-nine cross-sectional studies and four prospective cohort studies from eighteen countries reporting data from 778,415 individual participants were included. A broad range of clusters (n = 172) were found (healthy, unhealthy, and mixed). Mixed clusters were common (n = 98), and clusters of high diet quality, low PA and high SB were more prevalent in girls, while mixed clusters of high PA, high SB and low diet quality were more prevalent in boys. Unhealthy clusters comprising low moderate to vigorous PA, low consumption of fruits and vegetables, and high screen time were prevalent, particularly in those from lower socioeconomic status families. Compared to those with healthy behavioural clusters, those with unhealthy and mixed clusters had a higher adiposity, higher risk of cardiovascular disease, poorer mental health scores, and lower cardiorespiratory fitness. CONCLUSIONS PA, SB and diet cluster in healthy, unhealthy and mixed patterns in young people that differ across sociodemographic characteristics. Unhealthy clusters are associated with poorer health outcomes. Intervention strategies targeting un-clustering multiple unhealthy behaviours should be developed and evaluated for their impact on health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Alosaimi
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK.
| | - Lauren B Sherar
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Paula Griffiths
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Natalie Pearson
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
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Choi SH, Stommel M, Broman C, Raheb-Rauckis C. Age of Smoking Initiation in Relation to Multiple Health Risk Factors among US Adult Smokers: National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Data (2006-2018). Behav Med 2023; 49:312-319. [PMID: 35465849 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2022.2060930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The adverse effects of multiple health risk factors have been well-documented; however, still understudied are the effects of early smoking in the context of multiple health risk factors. This study aimed to examine the role of early smoking initiation in relation to several health risk factors, including heavy drinking, physical inactivity, and obesity in later life among ever smokers in the USA. The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data from 2006 through 2018 were analyzed. The primary dependent variables were presence of three other risk factors: heavy drinking, physical inactivity, and obesity. The independent variable was the age of smoking initiation. Logit regression models were constructed to evaluate the association between smoking initiation and multiple health risk factors. All analyses were done in 2022. Among US adult smokers, 18.2% started smoking before age 15 (early initiators), 55.9% at ages 15-18 (middle initiators), and 25.9% at age 20 or later (late initiators). Compared to late smoking initiators, the odds of engaging in additional health risk factors increased by 37.3% among early initiators (OR = 1.373, 95% CI = 1.316, 1.432) and 7.7% among middle initiators (OR = 1.077, 95% CI= 1.041, 1.116). Additionally, current smoking was associated with higher odds (OR = 1.369, 95% CI = 1.322, 1.417) of having additional health risk factors compared to former smoking, with one exception: current smokers had lower odds of obesity (OR = 0.566, 95% CI = 0.537, 0.597). Tobacco control programs to prevent adolescents from initiating smoking may have the potential to prevent other health risk factors in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hee Choi
- College of Nursing, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Manfred Stommel
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Clifford Broman
- Department of Sociology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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9
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Méndez Paz F, Tonguino S, Ortega-Lenis D. Main results and public health implications of the National School Health Survey (ENSE), Colombia 2017. Colomb Med (Cali) 2023; 54:e2015402. [PMID: 37744418 PMCID: PMC10512797 DOI: 10.25100/cm.v54i2.5402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The school population represents a fundamental group for health promotion actions, given that the foundations of healthy behaviors in adult life are established in children and adolescents, who can be greatly influenced by the school. Objective To describe the health-related behavioral factors of schoolchildren between 13 and 17 years of age in secondary and middle school in Colombia. Methods A national cross-sectional study was conducted (i.e., School Health Survey -ENSE-) that recorded information on dietary practices, physical activity, alcohol and drug consumption, injuries and bullying, and oral, visual and hearing health. Sampling was probabilistic, cluster and multistage. Results Schoolchildren have low consumption of fruits, vegetables (13.1%) and dairy (76.5 %), high consumption of ultra-processed foods (82.4 %), sugary drinks (74.0 %) and fast foods (14.8 %), frequent addition of salt at the table (43.3 %), low compliance with physical activity recommendations (15.0 %) and high sedentary lifestyle (46.3 %), frequent consumption of alcohol (44.7 %) and psychoactive substances (14.7 %), in addition to prevalent situations of bullying (15.4 %), rejection (8.2 %) and verbal aggression (42.7 %). Conclusions The ENSE shows critical inequalities by gender, ethnicity and social class, throughout the country. The indicators observed in schoolchildren are precursors of various chronic and degenerative diseases and mental illness, which requires the urgent attention of the different social actors in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Méndez Paz
- Universidad del Valle, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Salud Pública, Maestría en Epidemiologia, Cali, Colombia
| | - Stefanie Tonguino
- Institución Universitaria Escuela Nacional del Deporte Facultad de Salud y Rehabilitación, Cali, Colombia
- Universidad del Valle, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Rehabilitación Humana, Cali, Colombia
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10
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Bui C, Lin LY, Lin CJ, Chiu YW, Chiou HY. Association between clustering of unhealthy behaviors and depressive symptom among adolescents in Taiwan: A nationwide cross-sectional survey. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1049836. [PMID: 36969645 PMCID: PMC10035074 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1049836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAmong Taiwanese adolescents, how the clustering of unhealthy behaviors, including insufficient physical activity, screen-based sedentary behavior and frequent sugar-sweetened beverage consumption affecting depressive symptom remains unclear. This study aims to examine the cross-sectional association between clustering of unhealthy behaviors and depressive symptom.MethodsWe analyzed 18,509 participants from the baseline survey of the Taiwan Adolescent to Adult Longitudinal Survey in 2015. The outcome was depressive symptoms, and the main exposures were insufficient physical activity, screen-based sedentary behaviors and frequent sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Generalized linear mixed models were performed to find key factor associated with depressive symptom.ResultsDepressive symptoms were common among participants (31.4%), particularly in female and older adolescents. After adjustments for covariates including sex, school type, other lifestyle factors and social determinants, individuals exhibiting clustering of unhealthy behaviors were more likely (aOR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.48–1.58) to exhibit depressive symptoms than those who have no or only one unhealthy behavior.ConclusionsClustering of unhealthy behaviors is positively associated with depressive symptom among Taiwanese adolescents. The findings highlight the importance of strengthening public health interventions to improve physical activity and decrease sedentary behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Bui
- Ph.D. Program in Global Health and Health Security, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Health Communication and Education, Quang Ninh Provincial Center for Disease Control (CDC), Ha Long, Vietnam
| | - Li-Yin Lin
- Department of Leisure Industry and Health Promotion, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ji Lin
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Chiu
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Ya-Wen Chiu
| | - Hung-Yi Chiou
- Ph.D. Program in Global Health and Health Security, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Hung-Yi Chiou
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11
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Nagata JM, Smith N, Zamora G, Sajjad OM, Ganson KT, Testa A, Jackson DB. Problematic social media use and alcohol expectancies in early adolescents. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:430. [PMID: 36879232 PMCID: PMC9987130 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol expectancies are beliefs regarding positive (e.g., tension reduction) or negative (e.g., loss of motor coordination) effects of alcohol. Based on Social Learning Theory, social media can influence alcohol expectancies in adolescents. In particular, problematic social media use - which can reflect elements of addiction, including mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal, conflict, and relapse - could be linked to alcohol expectancies. We aimed to determine the associations between problematic social media use and alcohol expectancies in a national (U.S.) cohort of 10-14-year-old early adolescents. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 9,008) at the Year 2 assessment (2018-2020). Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between problematic social media use and alcohol expectancies (positive and negative), adjusting for race/ethnicity, sex, household income, parent education, sexual orientation, parental marital status, and study site. Furthermore, we computed marginal predicted probabilities to aid in interpreting findings. RESULTS The sample was 48.7% female and racially and ethnically diverse (43.0% non-White), with a mean age of 12.02 ± 0.66 years old. In models adjusted for confounders including both time spent on social media and problematic social media use, time spent on social media was not associated with positive or negative alcohol expectancies, but higher problematic social media use score was associated with higher positive (B = 0.045, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.020-0.069) and negative (B = 0.072, 95% CI 0.043-0.101) alcohol expectancies scores. CONCLUSION Problematic social media use was associated with both positive and negative alcohol expectancies in a demographically diverse national sample of early adolescents in the U.S. Given the small effect sizes of the current study, future studies should further examine these relationships prospectively, as well as the mechanisms linking problematic social media use to alcohol expectancies and alcohol consumption. Because alcohol expectancies are modifiable and linked with alcohol initiation, they could be a target for future prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Nagata
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Natalia Smith
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Gabriel Zamora
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Omar M Sajjad
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 1 Rope Ferry Rd, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor St W, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada
| | - Alexander Testa
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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12
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Macniven R, McKay CD, Graham S, Gubhaju L, Williams R, Williamson A, Joshy G, Evans JR, Roseby R, Porykali B, Yashadhana A, Ivers R, Eades S. Social and Behavioural Correlates of High Physical Activity Levels among Aboriginal Adolescent Participants of the Next Generation: Youth Wellbeing Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3738. [PMID: 36834433 PMCID: PMC9962528 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity typically decreases during teenage years and has been identified as a health priority by Aboriginal adolescents. We examined associations between physical activity levels and sociodemographic, movement and health variables in the Aboriginal led 'Next Generation: Youth Well-being (NextGen) Study' of Aboriginal people aged 10-24 years from Central Australia, Western Australia and New South Wales. Baseline survey data collected by Aboriginal researchers and Aboriginal youth peer recruiters from 2018 to 2020 examined demographics and health-related behaviours. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) for engaging in high levels of physical activity in the past week (3-7 days; 0-2 days (ref), or 'don't remember') associated with demographic and behavioural factors. Of 1170 adolescents, 524 (41.9%) had high levels of physical activity; 455 (36.4%) had low levels; 191 (15.3%) did not remember. Factors independently associated with higher odds of physical activity 3-7 days/week were low weekday recreational screen time [55.3% vs. 44.0%, OR 1.79 (1.16-2.76)], having non-smoking friends [50.4% vs. 25.0%, OR 2.27 (1.03-5.00)] and having fewer friends that drink alcohol [48.1% vs. 35.2%, OR 2.08 (1.05-4.14)]. Lower odds of high physical activity were independently associated with being female [40.2% vs. 50.9%, OR 0.57 (0.40-0.80)] and some findings differed by sex. The NextGen study provides evidence to inform the co-design and implementation of strategies to increase Aboriginal adolescent physical activity such as focusing on peer influences and co-occurring behaviours such as screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Macniven
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher D. McKay
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Simon Graham
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Lina Gubhaju
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Robyn Williams
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Anna Williamson
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Grace Joshy
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - John Robert Evans
- Moondani Toombadool Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Robert Roseby
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Monash Children’s Hospital, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Bobby Porykali
- Guuna-Maana (Heal) Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Program, The George Institute for Global Heath, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Aryati Yashadhana
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Centre for Primary Health Care & Equity, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Rebecca Ivers
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sandra Eades
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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Shuvo SD, Biswas BK. The degree of association between overweight and obesity with the use of electronic media among Bangladeshi adolescents. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280544. [PMID: 36662815 PMCID: PMC9858059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electronic media usage is recently considered a modifiable risk factor for overweight and obesity among adolescents. The purpose of this present study was to evaluate the association of electronic media (EM) usage with overweight and obesity among school-going adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2019 among school-going adolescents (14-16 years old) residing in the Jashore Sadar Upazila, Jashore district of Bangladesh. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect information regarding the socio-economic status, time spent watching television, video games playing, computer, and smart mobile phone use through face-to-face interviews. Age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) cut-off values for overweight and obesity were determined for Asian adolescents by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). Multinomial logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the association between electronic media use with overweight and obesity. FINDINGS The findings suggest that the overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 13.5% and 25.2%, respectively. Among the total adolescent students, about 49.1% highly (above 3 hours per day) spent their time on EM use whereas 30.6% moderately (≥121 to 180 min/day) use EM. The regression analysis showed that spending high time using total screen-based electronic devices, television viewing, video game playing, computer use, and smartphone use were significantly associated with overweight (RRR: 7.36, 95% CI: 3.64-11.54; RRR: 4.58, 95% CI: 1.46-7.95; RRR: 4.45, 95% CI: 2.75-6.12; RRR: 3.18, 95% CI: 1.87-4.70; RRR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.23-3.51) and obesity (RRR: 8.72, 95% CI: 4.64-12.54; RRR: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.31-5.21; RRR: 3.88, 95% CI: 1.74-5.13; RRR: 3.08, 95% CI: 1.32-4.86; RRR: 1.19, 95% CI: 0.93-1.48) in adolescents, respectively. CONCLUSION The results support the total time spent using electronic media was associated with an increased risk of being overweight and obesity. Finally, this study strongly suggests the proper use of electronic media may be necessary to reduce the risk of being overweight and obesity in early adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvasish Das Shuvo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Biplob Kumar Biswas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
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Qiu Q, Dai S, Yan J. Health behaviors of late adolescents in China: Scale development and preliminary validation. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1004364. [PMID: 36438386 PMCID: PMC9692111 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1004364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Health behaviors influence health and well-being, improve quality of life, and provide economic benefits. It is important to take advantage of health-related opportunities during adolescence. Staying healthy during adolescence also promotes the future well-being of individuals and that of the next generation. We aimed to develop a reliable and valid scale based on the General Senior High School Physical Education and Health Curriculum Standards (2017 edition) to evaluate Chinese late adolescents' health behavior. The scale was to help physical education teachers measure the health behavior level of senior high school students, improve physical education and health teaching, and promote Chinese adolescent health. Participants were recruited by convenience sampling from September to October 2019. For the first survey, we recruited 526 senior high school students (318 boys, 208 girls; Mage = 16.5), and the data were subjected to item analysis and exploratory factor analysis. For the second survey, we recruited 542 senior high school students (249 boys, 293 girls; Mage = 15.5), and the data were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency reliability analysis. After exploratory factor analysis, we extracted four factors with 23 items: exercise awareness and habits (five items), mastering and applying healthy behavior knowledge (10 items), emotional regulation (four items), and environment adaptation (four items). The Cronbach's alpha values for these factors ranged from 0.863 to 0.937. After confirmatory factor analysis, we achieved a satisfactory goodness-of-fit model (CMIN/DF = 2.92, RMR = 0.03, GFI = 0.93, CFI = 0.91, TLI = 0.92, RMSEA = 0.06). Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity were all satisfactory. These results suggest that the Chinese version of the Health Behavior Scale is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the health behavior of senior high school students. The findings have important implications for increasing adolescents' health literacy, promoting adolescents' health, and enhancing the well-being of late adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengting Dai
- School of Sports Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingfei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Veronese N, Bolzetta F, Cacco C, Cester A, Smith L, Demurtas J, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Caruso MG, Notarnicola M, Reginster JY, Maggi S, Barbagallo M, Trott M, Dominguez LJ. Dietary acrylamide and incident osteoporotic fractures: an 8-year prospective cohort study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:2441-2448. [PMID: 35962898 PMCID: PMC9637630 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02214-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acrylamide, a component of fried foods, has been associated with several negative health outcomes. However, the relationship between dietary acrylamide and osteoporotic fractures has been explored by a few cross-sectional studies. AIMS To investigate if dietary acrylamide is associated with the onset of fractures in North American participants at high risk/having knee osteoarthritis (OA), over 8 years of follow-up. METHODS A Cox's regression analysis, adjusted for baseline confounders was run and the data were reported as hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Dietary acrylamide intake was assessed at the baseline using a food frequency questionnaire and categorized in tertiles (T), whilst fractures' history was recorded using self-reported information. RESULTS Altogether, 4,436 participants were included. Compared to participants with lower acrylamide intake (T1; < 3,313 μg), those with a higher acrylamide intake (T3; > 10,180 μg) reported a significantly higher risk of any fracture (HR = 1.37; 95% CI 1.12-1.68; p for trend = 0.009), forearm (HR = 1.73; 95% CI 1.09-2.77; p for trend = 0.04), spine (HR = 2.21; 95% CI 1.14-4.31; p for trend = 0.04), and hip fracture (HR = 4.09; 95% CI 1.29-12.96; p for trend = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to report that high dietary acrylamide may be associated with an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Veronese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, via del Vespro, 141, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Francesco Bolzetta
- Medical Department, Geriatric Unit, Azienda ULSS (Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria, Dolo-Mirano District, 3 "Serenissima", Dolo, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Cester
- Medical Department, Geriatric Unit, Azienda ULSS (Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria, Dolo-Mirano District, 3 "Serenissima", Dolo, Italy
| | - Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Jacopo Demurtas
- Primary Care Department, Azienda USL Toscana Sud Est, Grosseto, Italy
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Renè Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Gabriella Caruso
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, Research Hospital, IRCCS De Bellis, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Notarnicola
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, Research Hospital, IRCCS De Bellis, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Yves Reginster
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman B23, Liège, Belgium
| | - Stefania Maggi
- Aging Branch, Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, via del Vespro, 141, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mike Trott
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ligia J Dominguez
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, via del Vespro, 141, 90127, Palermo, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna "Kore", Enna, Italy
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Rodriguez LA, Gopalan A, Darbinian JA, Chandra M, Greenspan LC, Howell A, Lo JC. Identifying modifiable obesogenic behaviors among Latino adolescents in primary pediatric care. Prev Med Rep 2022; 29:101939. [PMID: 35942298 PMCID: PMC9356151 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Latino adolescents engage in more obesogenic behaviors, including sedentary behaviors and sugary drink consumption, than White adolescents. However, it is unclear whether engagement in obesogenic behaviors differs within the Latino population. Cross-sectional data were examined from Latino adolescents ages 13–17 with a well-child visit (2016–2019) in an integrated healthcare system. Adolescents self-reported on four daily obesogenic behaviors: 1) consuming < 5 servings of fruits/vegetables; 2) drinking > 1 juice/soda; 3) exercising/playing sports < 60 min; and 4) > 2 h screen time. A composite variable of ≥ 3 self-reported behaviors was constructed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations between obesogenic behaviors with age category (13–15 or 16–17 years), sex, household language preference (English/Spanish), neighborhood deprivation index (NDI quartiles), and body mass index (BMI). Among 77,514 Latino adolescents (mean age 14.7 ± 1.4; 50 % female), 23 % lived in Spanish-speaking households, 43 % resided in census tracts with the highest (most deprived) NDI quartile, and 45 % had an overweight or obese BMI. Older (vs younger) adolescents had higher odds of insufficient fruit/vegetable intake (OR 1.20; CI 1.17–1.24), greater sedentary behavior (OR 1.51; 1.46–1.56), and reporting > 2 h screen time (OR 1.07; 1.03–1.11). Adolescents in the 4th (vs 1st) NDI quartile (OR 1.34; 1.26–1.42) and those with obesity (vs healthy weight) (OR 1.55; 1.42–1.70 for class 3 obesity) had higher odds of ≥ 3 obesogenic behaviors. In conclusion, among Latino adolescents, older age, obesity, and living in more deprived neighborhoods were associated with greater obesogenic behaviors. Identifying adolescents more likely to engage in obesogenic behaviors can inform targeted lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Rodriguez
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA, United States
- Corresponding author at: Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612, United States.
| | - Anjali Gopalan
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA, United States
- The Permanente Medical Group, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Jeanne A. Darbinian
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Malini Chandra
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Louise C. Greenspan
- The Permanente Medical Group, Oakland, CA, United States
- Kaiser Permanente San Francisco, Department of Pediatrics, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Amanda Howell
- Health Engagement Consulting Services, The Permanente Medical Group, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Joan C. Lo
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA, United States
- The Permanente Medical Group, Oakland, CA, United States
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Araujo DAM, Carvalho RBND, Oliveira ASSD, Oliveira EAR, Machado ALG, Lima LHDO. Temporal trend of simultaneous risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases: National School Health Survey 2009, 2012, 2015. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2022; 25:e220013. [PMID: 35674577 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720220013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the temporal trend of simultaneous occurrence of behavioral risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in Brazilian school adolescents. METHODS Ecological time-series study that analyzed data from the three editions of the National Survey of School Health with students in the 9th year of public and private schools. Cluster analysis was performed to identify the simultaneity of the following factors: irregular consumption of fresh or minimally processed foods, regular consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods, insufficient level of physical activity during leisure time, consumption of alcoholic beverages, use of cigarettes and illicit drugs. The cluster trend was tested using simple linear regression. RESULTS The sample was composed of 173,310 school adolescents. Sixty-four possible combinations were evaluated, resulting in the formation of six clusters. The grouping formed by all factors showed the highest ratios observed/expected prevalence in the last two years of the series. The highest ratios were observed for combinations in which alcohol and cigarettes were present. These substances integrated five of the six clusters. One of the groups (insufficient level of physical activity during leisure time + consumption of alcoholic beverages + use of cigarettes and illicit drugs) had an upward trend throughout the series. CONCLUSION The trend analysis showed four out of six clusters remaining stable throughout the series, which shows that the factors are persistently present among school adolescents.
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Mubarak N, Wynn A, Tapasak B, Collins A, Mubarak N, Gonzalez C, Marino G, Mayne S. An examination of temporal trends in health behaviors among United States children, adolescents, and adults from 2005 to 2016. J Public Health Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/22799036221102759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lifestyle-related health behaviors are major contributors to preventable chronic diseases. We aimed to characterize temporal trends in health behaviors of US children, adolescents, and adults and examine the association of sociodemographic characteristics with clustering of unhealthy behaviors. Methods The study population included 46,793 participants from the 2005 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from three age groups: children (aged 2–11), adolescents (aged 12–19), and adults (aged ≥20). We calculated weighted prevalences of unhealthy behaviors—poor diet quality, low physical activity, screentime, fast food consumption, smoking (adolescents and adults), alcohol use, and short sleep duration (adults)—for each survey wave to examine temporal trends across age groups. Multivariable logistic regression estimated associations of sociodemographic characteristics with unhealthy behavior clustering (≥2 behaviors), stratified by age. Results Results of the study demonstrated that between 2005 and 2016, the proportion of children and adolescents not meeting the physical activity guidelines increased and screentime increased among all ages. Dietary quality improved and smoking prevalence declined among adolescents and adults, while fast food consumption declined among adolescents. Unhealthy behavior clustering among children increased by 13%. The odds of unhealthy behavior clustering were higher among children and adolescents that were older, non-Hispanic Black, or lived in unmarried households, and among adults who were younger, non-Hispanic black, had lower educational attainment, were uninsured or had public insurance, and had lower poverty-to-income ratios. Conclusion The findings suggest that screentime and physical inactivity are growing areas of concern in the U.S. population, and that disparities in adherence to multiple healthy behaviors may contribute to disparities in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Mubarak
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Austin Wynn
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Brandon Tapasak
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Andrew Collins
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Norah Mubarak
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Spartanburg, SC, USA
| | - Carla Gonzalez
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Gustavo Marino
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Stephanie Mayne
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Early environmental quality and life-course mental health effects: The Equal-Life project. Environ Epidemiol 2022; 6:e183. [PMID: 35169662 PMCID: PMC8835570 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is increasing evidence that a complex interplay of factors within environments in which children grows up, contributes to children’s suboptimal mental health and cognitive development. The concept of the life-course exposome helps to study the impact of the physical and social environment, including social inequities, on cognitive development and mental health over time. Methods: Equal-Life develops and tests combined exposures and their effects on children’s mental health and cognitive development. Data from eight birth-cohorts and three school studies (N = 240.000) linked to exposure data, will provide insights and policy guidance into aspects of physical and social exposures hitherto untapped, at different scale levels and timeframes, while accounting for social inequities. Reasoning from the outcome point of view, relevant stakeholders participate in the formulation and validation of research questions, and in the formulation of environmental hazards. Exposure assessment combines GIS-based environmental indicators with omics approaches and new data sources, forming the early-life exposome. Statistical tools integrate data at different spatial and temporal granularity and combine exploratory machine learning models with hypothesis-driven causal modeling. Conclusions: Equal-Life contributes to the development and utilization of the exposome concept by (1) integrating the internal, physical and social exposomes, (2) studying a distinct set of life-course effects on a child’s development and mental health (3) characterizing the child’s environment at different developmental stages and in different activity spaces, (4) looking at supportive environments for child development, rather than merely pollutants, and (5) combining physical, social indicators with novel effect markers and using new data sources describing child activity patterns and environments.
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Participation in Physical Education Classes and Health-Related Behaviours among Adolescents from 67 Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020955. [PMID: 35055777 PMCID: PMC8775417 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study sought to examine the associations between participation in physical education (PE) classes and a range of health-related behaviours among adolescents. Secondary analysis of self-reported data from the Global Student Health Survey, collected between 2010 and 2017 from 222,121 adolescents (N = 117,914 girls; 49.0%; aged 13–17 years) from 67 countries and five world regions, was carried out. Participation in PE classes (0, 1–2, ≥3 days/week) was the independent variable. Physical activity (PA); sedentary behaviour (SB); active travel to school; fruit, vegetables, and alcohol consumption; and smoking; as well as adopting ≥5 of these healthy behaviours; were the dependent variables. Complex samples logistic regressions were performed to explore the associations between participation in PE classes and health-related behaviours. The results revealed that 18.2% of adolescents did not take part in PE classes. A total of 56.7% and 25.1% of adolescents reported participating in PE classes on 1–2 and ≥3 days/week, respectively. Only 26.8% of adolescents adopted ≥5 healthy behaviours. Participation in PE classes was positively associated with PA, active travel, fruit consumption, and vegetable consumption (only for ≥3 days/week), but was negatively associated with meeting SB recommendations, and with not smoking (only for girls and ≥3 days/week). Overall, PE participation was positively associated with adopting ≥5 healthy behaviours, with favourable results found for those who attended more PE classes. The findings revealed a positive association between participation in PE classes and a range of health-related behaviours among adolescents. This suggests that, worldwide, quality PE should be delivered at least 3 days per week up to daily to promote healthy lifestyles among adolescents.
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Arumi-Prat I, Cirera E, McKenna J, Puig-Ribera AM. From Secondary School to University: Associations Between Domain-Specific Sedentary Behaviors and Lifestyle Risk Behaviors. INQUIRY: THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION, AND FINANCING 2022; 59:469580221118843. [PMID: 36113031 PMCID: PMC9483951 DOI: 10.1177/00469580221118843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined associations between changes in domain-specific sedentary behaviors and changes in health-related lifestyles of Spanish secondary school students (n = 113) to their first year of university. During the transitions from the end of high school to the beginning of university, engagement in sedentary behaviors have emerged as potential additional behavioral risk factors. Understanding how sedentary behaviors interconnect with other (un)healthy behaviors will inform interventions on multiple risk behaviors across this critical life period. A 3-year longitudinal survey assessed associations between domain-specific sedentary behaviors and leisure time physical activity (IPAQ), alcohol and tobacco consumption, and fruit and vegetable intake (24-h dietary recall), using Generalized Estimating Equations. Spending time on sedentary transportation was associated with a greater likelihood of smoking, whereas sedentary weekend homework was associated with a reduced likelihood of consuming alcohol. The lowest and highest tertiles for sedentary screen use and leisure-time PA were also less likely not to meet the recommendations for fruit and vegetable consumption. For specific sedentary behaviors, associations were gender-based or affected by leisure time physical activity. From secondary school to university, specific sedentary behaviors are linked to lifestyle risk factors. Over this transitional period, public health interventions targeting reduced sedentary behaviors may bring multiple benefits by also preventing other harmful behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Cirera
- University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
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Araujo DAM, Carvalho RBND, Oliveira ASSD, Oliveira EAR, Machado ALG, Lima LHDO. Tendência temporal dos fatores de risco simultâneos para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar 2009, 2012, 2015. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720220013.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal da ocorrência simultânea de fatores de risco comportamentais para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em adolescentes escolares brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo ecológico de série temporal, que analisou os dados das três edições da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar dos alunos do 9º ano de escolas públicas e privadas. Realizou-se a análise de cluster para a identificação da simultaneidade dos seguintes fatores: consumo irregular de alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados, consumo regular de alimentos processados e ultraprocessados, nível insuficiente de atividade física no lazer, consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, uso de cigarro e de drogas ilícitas. A tendência dos clusters foi testada utilizando-se regressão linear simples. Resultados: A amostra constituiu-se de 173.310 escolares. Sessenta e quatro possíveis combinações foram avaliadas, havendo a formação de seis clusters. O agrupamento formado por todos os fatores apresentou as maiores razões entre prevalências observadas e esperadas para os dois últimos anos da série. As maiores razões foram verificadas para as combinações em que estavam presentes o álcool e o cigarro. Além disso, essas substâncias integraram cinco dos seis clusters. Um dos agrupamentos (nível insuficiente de atividade física no lazer + consumo de bebidas alcóolicas + uso de cigarro e drogas ilícitas) apresentou tendência crescente durante toda a série. Conclusão: A análise de tendência constatou que quatro de seis clusters mantiveram-se estáveis durante toda a série, demonstrando que os fatores continuam presentes de forma persistente entre os adolescentes escolares.
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Lee H, La IS. Latent Class Analysis of Obesogenic Behaviors among Korean Adolescents: Associations with Weight-Related Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111059. [PMID: 34769578 PMCID: PMC8583616 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore sex-specific latent class models of adolescent obesogenic behaviors (OBs), predictors of latent class membership (LCM), and associations between LCM and weight-related outcomes (i.e., weight status and unhealthy weight control behaviors). We analyzed nationally representative data from the 2019 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey. To identify latent classes for boys (n = 29,841) and girls (n = 27,462), we conducted a multiple-group latent class analysis using eight OBs (e.g., breakfast skipping, physical activity, and tobacco product use). Moreover, we performed a multinomial logistic regression analysis and a three-step method to examine associations of LCM with predictors and weight-related outcomes. Among both sexes, the 3-class models best fit the data: (a) mostly healthy behavior class, (b) poor dietary habits and high Internet use class, and (c) poor dietary habits and substance use class. School year, residential area, academic performance, and psychological status predicted the LCM for both sexes. In addition, perceived economic status predicted the LCM for girls. The distribution of weight-related outcomes differed across sex-specific classes. Our findings highlight the importance of developing obesity prevention and treatment interventions tailored to each homogeneous pattern of adolescent OBs, considering differences in their associations with predictors and weight-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haein Lee
- College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Korea;
| | - In-Seo La
- College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-0883
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Jones A, Armstrong B, Weaver RG, Parker H, von Klinggraeff L, Beets MW. Identifying effective intervention strategies to reduce children's screen time: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:126. [PMID: 34530867 PMCID: PMC8447784 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive screen time ([Formula: see text] 2 h per day) is associated with childhood overweight and obesity, physical inactivity, increased sedentary time, unfavorable dietary behaviors, and disrupted sleep. Previous reviews suggest intervening on screen time is associated with reductions in screen time and improvements in other obesogenic behaviors. However, it is unclear what study characteristics and behavior change techniques are potential mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of behavioral interventions. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to identify the behavior change techniques and study characteristics associated with effectiveness in behavioral interventions to reduce children's (0-18 years) screen time. METHODS A literature search of four databases (Ebscohost, Web of Science, EMBASE, and PubMed) was executed between January and February 2020 and updated during July 2021. Behavioral interventions targeting reductions in children's (0-18 years) screen time were included. Information on study characteristics (e.g., sample size, duration) and behavior change techniques (e.g., information, goal-setting) were extracted. Data on randomization, allocation concealment, and blinding was extracted and used to assess risk of bias. Meta-regressions were used to explore whether intervention effectiveness was associated with the presence of behavior change techniques and study characteristics. RESULTS The search identified 15,529 articles, of which 10,714 were screened for relevancy and 680 were retained for full-text screening. Of these, 204 studies provided quantitative data in the meta-analysis. The overall summary of random effects showed a small, beneficial impact of screen time interventions compared to controls (SDM = 0.116, 95CI 0.08 to 0.15). Inclusion of the Goals, Feedback, and Planning behavioral techniques were associated with a positive impact on intervention effectiveness (SDM = 0.145, 95CI 0.11 to 0.18). Interventions with smaller sample sizes (n < 95) delivered over short durations (< 52 weeks) were associated with larger effects compared to studies with larger sample sizes delivered over longer durations. In the presence of the Goals, Feedback, and Planning behavioral techniques, intervention effectiveness diminished as sample size increased. CONCLUSIONS Both intervention content and context are important to consider when designing interventions to reduce children's screen time. As interventions are scaled, determining the active ingredients to optimize interventions along the translational continuum will be crucial to maximize reductions in children's screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Jones
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC USA
| | - Bridget Armstrong
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC USA
| | - R. Glenn Weaver
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC USA
| | - Hannah Parker
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC USA
| | - Lauren von Klinggraeff
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC USA
| | - M. W. Beets
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC USA
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de Souza AA, Mota JAPS, da Silva GMG, Tassitano RM, Clark CCT, Duncan MJ, Martins CMDL. Associations between Movement Behaviours and Obesity Markers among Preschoolers Compliant and Non-Compliant with Sleep Duration: A Latent Profile Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9492. [PMID: 34574417 PMCID: PMC8472778 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study identifies physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) clusters in preschoolers compliant (C) or non-compliant (NC) with sleep recommendations; and associates these clusters with obesity markers. PA and SB were objectively assessed (Actigraph WGT3-X) in 272 preschoolers (4.4 ± 0.7 years old). Sleep duration was parent-reported, and preschoolers were classified as C (3-4 years old: 600-780 min/day; 5 years old: 540-660 min/day) or NC with sleep recommendations. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were assessed according to international protocols. Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and light physical activity (LPA) were categorized as low/high (<60 min/>60 min/day or <180 min/180 min/day, respectively). SB was defined according to mean values between clusters. Latent profile analysis was performed. Associations between the observed clusters and obesity markers were determined using linear regression (RStudio; 1.3.1073). Four cluster solutions for C and NC preschoolers were identified. A negative association between C/Low MVPA cluster and BMI, and a positive association between NC/Low MVPA and BMI (β = -0.8, 95%CI = -1.6;-0.1, and β = 0.9, 95%CI = 0.1;1.7, respectively) were observed. No association was seen for SB clusters. Adequate sleep duration may have a protective role for preschoolers' BMI, even if the children do not comply with MVPA recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesandra A. de Souza
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Tocantins, Tocantinopolis 77900-000, Brazil
| | - Jorge A. P. S. Mota
- Research Centre of Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.P.S.M.); (C.M.d.L.M.)
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-091 Porto, Portugal
| | - Gustavo M. G. da Silva
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Maia (ISMAI), 4475-690 Maia, Portugal;
| | - Rafael M. Tassitano
- Department of Physical Education, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 50010-000, Brazil;
| | - Cain C. T. Clark
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK;
| | - Michael J. Duncan
- Centre for Applied Biological and Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK;
| | - Clarice M. de L. Martins
- Research Centre of Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.P.S.M.); (C.M.d.L.M.)
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4050-091 Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
Poor diets are responsible for more of the global burden of disease than sex, drugs, alcohol, and tobacco combined. Without good health, food security, and nutrition, development is unsustainable. How food is grown, distributed, processed, marketed, and sold determines which foods are available, affordable, and acceptable within the local cultural context. These factors guide food choices, influencing the quality of people’s diets, and hence they play a vital part in health. The food system is complex and is neither nutrition nor health driven. Good nutrition and human health are not seen as important supply chain outcomes, diminishing between the different processes and actors in the chain. This is in contrast to the environmental and labour concerns now also perceived as supply chain issues. Although food loss and waste is now appreciated as key to sustainable food supply chains, the critical role on nutrition security remains obscure. In a free market dispensation, the trade-offs between agricultural production and income generation versus nutrient delivery from farm to fork needs to be addressed. Investment and incentivised initiatives are needed to foster diverse food production, preservation, distribution and influence consumers’ behaviour and consumption. The decisions made at any stage of the food supply chain have implications on consumer choices, dietary patterns, and nutritional outcomes. Leveraging the entire food system is an underused policy response to the growing problem of unhealthy diets.
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Brackney D, Daughtridge E, Jensen M, Childers S, Tocci N, Wilson T, Meucci M. Feasibility of Play-Based Dance to Promote Physical Activity in Second Grade Students. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2021.1955228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Byrne R, Terranova CO, Trost SG. Measurement of screen time among young children aged 0-6 years: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13260. [PMID: 33960616 PMCID: PMC8365769 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The impact of screen-based devices on children's health and development cannot be properly understood without valid and reliable tools that measure screen time within the evolving digital landscape. This review aimed to summarize characteristics of measurement tools used to assess screen time in young children; evaluate reporting of psychometric properties; and examine time trends related to measurement and reporting of screen time. A systematic review of articles published in English across three databases from January 2009 to April 2020 was undertaken using PROSPERO protocol (registration: CRD42019132599) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Included articles measured screen time as outcome, exposure, or confounder in children 0-6 years. The search identified 35,868 records, 1035 full-text articles were screened for eligibility, and 622 met inclusion criteria. Most measures (60%) consisted of one to three items and assessed duration of screen time on a usual day. Few measures assessed content (11%) or coviewing (7%). Only 40% of articles provided a citation for the measure, and only 69 (11%) reported psychometric properties-reliability n = 58, validity n = 19, reliability and validity n = 8. Between 2009 and 2019, the number of published articles increased from 28 to 71. From 2015, there was a notable increase in the proportion of articles published each year that assessed exposure to mobile devices in addition to television. The increasing number of published articles reflects increasing interest in screen time exposure among young children. Measures of screen time have generally evolved to reflect children's contemporary digital landscape; however, the psychometric properties of measurement tools are rarely reported. There is a need for improved measures and reporting to capture the complexity of children's screen time exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Byrne
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Centre for Children's Health Research (CCHR)Queensland University of Technology (QUT)South BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Caroline O. Terranova
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Centre for Children's Health Research (CCHR)Queensland University of Technology (QUT)South BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Stewart G. Trost
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Centre for Children's Health Research (CCHR)Queensland University of Technology (QUT)South BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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D’Souza NJ, Downing K, Abbott G, Orellana L, Lioret S, Campbell KJ, Hesketh KD. A comparison of children's diet and movement behaviour patterns derived from three unsupervised multivariate methods. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255203. [PMID: 34314443 PMCID: PMC8315509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Behavioural patterns are typically derived using unsupervised multivariate methods such as principal component analysis (PCA), latent profile analysis (LPA) and cluster analysis (CA). Comparability and congruence between the patterns derived from these methods has not been previously investigated, thus it’s unclear whether patterns from studies using different methods are directly comparable. This study aimed to compare behavioural patterns derived across diet, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep domains, using PCA, LPA and CA in a single dataset. Methods Parent-report and accelerometry data from the second wave (2011/12; child age 6-8y, n = 432) of the HAPPY cohort study (Melbourne, Australia) were used to derive behavioural patterns using PCA, LPA and CA. Standardized variables assessing diet (intake of fruit, vegetable, sweet, and savoury discretionary items), physical activity (moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity [MVPA] from accelerometry, organised sport duration and outdoor playtime from parent report), sedentary behaviour (sedentary time from accelerometry, screen time, videogames and quiet playtime from parent report) and sleep (daily sleep duration) were included in the analyses. For each method, commonly used criteria for pattern retention were applied. Results PCA produced four patterns whereas LPA and CA each generated three patterns. Despite the number and characterisation of the behavioural patterns derived being non-identical, each method identified a healthy, unhealthy and a mixed pattern. Three common underlying themes emerged across the methods for each type of pattern: (i) High fruit and vegetable intake and high outdoor play (“healthy”); (ii) poor diet (either low fruit and vegetable intake or high discretionary food intake) and high sedentary behaviour (“unhealthy”); and (iii) high MVPA, poor diet (as defined above) and low sedentary time (“mixed”). Conclusion Within this sample, despite differences in the number of patterns derived by each method, a good degree of concordance across pattern characteristics was seen between the methods. Differences between patterns could be attributable to the underpinning statistical technique of each method. Therefore, acknowledging the differences between the methods and ensuring thorough documentation of the pattern derivation analyses is essential to inform comparison of patterns derived through a range of approaches across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninoshka J. D’Souza
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Katherine Downing
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gavin Abbott
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liliana Orellana
- Biostatistics Unit, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandrine Lioret
- Research Center in Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CRESS), INSERM, INRAE, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Karen J. Campbell
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie D. Hesketh
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Association of Unhealthy Behaviors with Self-Harm in Chinese Adolescents: A Study Using Latent Class Analysis. TRAUMA CARE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/traumacare1020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the link between individual unhealthy behaviors and self-harm, but little is known about the influence of multiple unhealthy behaviors on self-harm among adolescents. This study aims to identify the potential patterns of unhealthy behaviors and to examine their associations with self-harm, which may become a useful tool for the screening of self-harm in adolescents. A total of 22,628 middle school students (10,990 males and 11,638 females) in six cities was enrolled in this study by multistage stratified cluster sampling from November 2015 to January 2016. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed based on five kinds of unhealthy behaviors (unhealthy losing weight (ULW), tobacco use (TU), alcohol use (AU), screen time (ST), and mobile phone dependence (MPD)). Multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine associations between identified subgroups and self-harm. Four subgroups of unhealthy behaviors were identified. Class 1 (71.2%) had the lowest engagement in unhealthy behaviors. Class 2 ((ULW/MPD), 22.3%) had a relatively high prevalence of ULW and MPD. Class 3 ((TU/AU/ST), 3.2%) had a relatively high prevalence of TU, AU, and ST. Class 4 (3.3%) consistently engaged in unhealthy behaviors. Compared to class 1, class 2 (ULW/MPD), class 3 (TU/AU/ST), and class 4 showed OR (95%CI) values of 2.101 (1.964–2.248), 2.153 (1.839–2.520), and 3.979 (3.407–4.645) (p < 0.001 for each), respectively. Class 1, class 2 (ULW/MPD), and class 3 (TU/AU/ST) engagement in unhealthy behaviors was associated with increased self-harm. These findings strongly suggested that self-harm prevention efforts focusing on multiple unhealthy behaviors should be seriously considered for early detection of self-harm.
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B. Leme AC, Ferrari G, Fisberg RM, Kovalskys I, Gómez G, Cortes LY, Yépez Gárcia MC, Herrera-Cuenca M, Rigotti A, Liria-Domínguez MR, Fisberg M. Co-Occurrence and Clustering of Sedentary Behaviors, Diet, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, and Alcohol Intake among Adolescents and Adults: The Latin American Nutrition and Health Study (ELANS). Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061809. [PMID: 34073533 PMCID: PMC8228398 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor diet, sedentary behaviors, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and alcohol intake seem to co-exist in complex ways that are not well understood. The aim of this study was to provide an understanding of the extent to which unhealthy behaviors cluster in eight Latin America countries. A secondary aim was to identify socio-demographic characteristics associated with these behaviors by country. Data from adolescents and adults from the “Latin American Health and Nutrition Study” was used and the prevalence of screen-time, occupational and transportation–sedentary time, socializing with friends, poor diet, SSB and alcohol intake, alone and in combination, were identified. The eight Latin America (LA) countries added to analyses were: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between ≥2 behaviors clustering, socio-demographics and weight status. Among 9218 individuals, the most prevalent behaviors were transportation and occupation–sedentary time, SSB and alcohol intake. Younger, female, married/living with a partner, low and middle-income and obese individuals had higher chances for these clustering behaviors. These results provide a multi-country level of understanding of the extent to which behaviors co-occur in the LA population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina B. Leme
- Center for Excellence in Nutrition and Feeding Difficulties, PENSI Institute, Sabará Children’s Hospital, São Paulo 05076-040, Brazil;
- Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Escuela de Ciências de la Actividad Fisica, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 7500618, Chile;
| | - Regina M. Fisberg
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, Brazil;
| | - Irina Kovalskys
- Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University from Argentina, Buenos Aires C1107AAZ, Argentina;
| | - Georgina Gómez
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica;
| | - Lilia Yadira Cortes
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Pontifical University Catholic from Javeriana, Bogota 111321, Colombia;
| | | | - Marianella Herrera-Cuenca
- Center of Developmental Studies, Central University of Venezuela (CENDES-UCV)/Bengoa Foundation, Caracas 47604, Venezuela;
| | - Attilo Rigotti
- Center of Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University from Chile, Santiago 833115, Chile;
| | - María Reyna Liria-Domínguez
- Investigacíon Nutricional, La Molina, Lima 15024, Peru;
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciências Aplicadas, Lima 15023, Peru
| | - Mauro Fisberg
- Center for Excellence in Nutrition and Feeding Difficulties, PENSI Institute, Sabará Children’s Hospital, São Paulo 05076-040, Brazil;
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Park SH, Park H, Faith M. Body Weight Perception and Health-Related Behaviors Among U.S. Adolescents: Mediating Effects of Body Weight Control Behaviors. J Sch Nurs 2021; 38:397-409. [PMID: 33759617 DOI: 10.1177/10598405211003800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined mediating effects of body weight control behaviors in the relationship between body weight perception and health-related behaviors among 11,458 U.S. adolescents from the 2010 National Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey. Parallel multiple mediation analysis was performed for the secondary data analysis. Nearly one third of adolescents (32.5%) had overweight or obesity; one quarter (25.0%) perceived themselves as slightly overweight and 5.1% thought they were very overweight. More girls (58.6%) had tried to lose weight than boys (32.3%), while boys were more physically active than girls. Healthy and unhealthy weight control behaviors significantly mediated the relationship between adolescents' body weight perception and health-related behaviors (physical activity and screen time). Teachers and parents should help adolescents have accurate weight perception and utilize reliable and healthy weight control strategies. Future studies should consider the intercorrelated relationships among adolescents' perceptions and behaviors regarding weight to provide successful weight control intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hyun Park
- College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Hanjong Park
- College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myles Faith
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, Graduate School of Education, University at Buffalo-The State University of New York, NY, USA
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Saxe-Custack A, Goldsworthy M, Lofton HC, Hanna-Attisha M, Nweke O. Family Perceptions of a Cooking and Nutrition Program for Low-Income Children and Adolescents. Glob Pediatr Health 2021; 8:2333794X21989525. [PMID: 33614838 PMCID: PMC7868466 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x21989525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Flint Kids Cook, a nutrition and culinary program for children and adolescents, was created in October 2017 to address health concerns among youth and families in a low-income, urban community. In this study, researchers examined family experiences with the 6-week, chef-led program, which was taught in a farmers' market kitchen. Methods. At the conclusion of each session, researchers used an open-ended focus group format to assess program experiences, perceived impact on youth self-efficacy for cooking and healthy eating, and caregiver support. This qualitative study was guided by thematic analysis. Results. Between November 2017 and December 2018, 72 caregivers (n = 38) and students (n = 34) participated in separate focus groups. Caregivers were primarily female (74%) and African American (71%). Most students were African American (76%) and half were female. Recurrent themes included food acceptance, dietary modifications, confidence in the kitchen, and program design. Caregivers and students agreed that location and design of the program alongside facilitation by an experienced chef were important factors for program success. Conclusions. This study demonstrated that a chef-led healthy cooking program for youth was effective in improving perceived food acceptance, dietary habits, and confidence in the kitchen. The program could be modeled in similar communities to address diet and health of children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Saxe-Custack
- Michigan State University-Hurley Children's Hospital Pediatric Public Health Initiative, Flint, MI, USA
| | - Mallory Goldsworthy
- Michigan State University-Hurley Children's Hospital Pediatric Public Health Initiative, Flint, MI, USA
| | | | - Mona Hanna-Attisha
- Michigan State University-Hurley Children's Hospital Pediatric Public Health Initiative, Flint, MI, USA
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Pigaiani Y, Zoccante L, Zocca A, Arzenton A, Menegolli M, Fadel S, Ruggeri M, Colizzi M. Adolescent Lifestyle Behaviors, Coping Strategies and Subjective Wellbeing during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Online Student Survey. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:E472. [PMID: 33182491 PMCID: PMC7712064 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Adolescence represents a critical period for rapid psychophysical and socio-cognitive changes, with implications for health and wellbeing in later life. From this perspective, the manifestation of unhealthy lifestyles and dysfunctional behaviors may reflect a change in wellbeing requiring alertness and prompt intervention. This study investigated lifestyle behaviors and coping strategies among Italian adolescents, also in relation to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and whether they would predict a change in subjective wellbeing. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the period between 1 April and 10 April 2020, adolescents aged 15-21 filled out an online survey consisting of 33 questions investigating socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors, coping strategies, and subjective wellbeing. RESULTS Data was available on 306 participants. Most adolescents planned their daily routine (57.8%), engaging in structured activities (17.6-67.3%) and developing new interests (54.6%), and gave a positive reading of the ongoing period (57.8%), thus revealing adaptive coping strategies. Family wise, even though it was hard to stay at home (66%) and difficulties emerged, including self-isolation (50.7%) and quarrels (31.7%), a relevant proportion of adolescents shared their feelings (40.5%) and revaluated their family relationships (29.4-39.7%). In terms of social and school engagement, almost all adolescents kept contacts with their partner, friends, and teachers (90.2-93.5%). School commitments at home were sufficiently preserved (63.1%), however adolescents expressed preoccupations about their educational path (56.2%). A change in subjective wellbeing (49.3%) and symptoms of anxiety (39.9%) were frequently reported. A number of factors predicted a change in subjective wellbeing, including adaptive coping strategies (physical activity, OR = 2.609, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.297-5.247; engaging in different activities than before, OR = 2.212, 95% CI 1.157-4.230), family issues (finding hard to stay at home, OR = 3.852, 95% CI 1.953-7.599; having quarrels, OR = 2.158, 95% CI 1.122-4.150), school-related behaviors (fearing a negative educational outcome, OR = 1.971, 95% 1.063-3.655), and female gender (OR = 3.647, 95% CI 1.694-7.851). CONCLUSIONS Both personal and environmental coping resources are relevant to subjective wellbeing in adolescence and should be taken into account for prevention and early intervention in youth mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolande Pigaiani
- A.R.S.D.A. Association Research Study Alimentary Disorders, 37122 Verona, Italy; (Y.P.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (S.F.)
| | - Leonardo Zoccante
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Maternal-Child Integrated Care Department, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy;
| | - Anastasia Zocca
- A.R.S.D.A. Association Research Study Alimentary Disorders, 37122 Verona, Italy; (Y.P.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (S.F.)
| | - Athos Arzenton
- Istituto di Istruzione Superiore Ferraris-Fermi, 37122/37138 Verona, Italy;
| | - Marco Menegolli
- A.R.S.D.A. Association Research Study Alimentary Disorders, 37122 Verona, Italy; (Y.P.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (S.F.)
| | - Sabrina Fadel
- A.R.S.D.A. Association Research Study Alimentary Disorders, 37122 Verona, Italy; (Y.P.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (S.F.)
| | - Mirella Ruggeri
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Marco Colizzi
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Maternal-Child Integrated Care Department, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy;
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
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D'Souza NJ, Kuswara K, Zheng M, Leech R, Downing KL, Lioret S, Campbell KJ, Hesketh KD. A systematic review of lifestyle patterns and their association with adiposity in children aged 5-12 years. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13029. [PMID: 32297464 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diet, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep are typically examined independently with childhood adiposity; however, their combined influence remains uncertain. This review aims to systematically summarize evidence on the clustering of these behaviours through lifestyle patterns and evaluate associations with adiposity in children aged 5-12 years. Search strategies were run in six databases. Twenty-eight papers met the inclusion criteria, six of which included all four behaviours. A range of lifestyle patterns were identified (healthy, unhealthy and mixed). Mixed patterns were most frequently reported. Unhealthy patterns comprising low physical activity and high sedentary behaviour were also frequently observed. Mixed patterns comprising healthy diets, low physical activity and high sedentary behaviour were more commonly seen in girls, whereas boys were more physically active, similarly sedentary and had unhealthier diets. Children from lower socio-economic backgrounds tended to more frequently display unhealthy patterns. Unhealthy lifestyle patterns were more often associated with adiposity risk than healthy and mixed patterns. With few studies including all four behaviours, it is difficult to establish a clear picture of their interplay and associations with adiposity. Nonetheless, reliance on lifestyle patterns is likely more beneficial than individual behaviours in targeting adiposity and improving understanding of how these behaviours influence health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninoshka J D'Souza
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Konsita Kuswara
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Miaobing Zheng
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Leech
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine L Downing
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandrine Lioret
- Research Center in Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CRESS), Universite de Paris, INSERM, INRA, 75004, Paris, France
| | - Karen J Campbell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie D Hesketh
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Miranda VPN, Dos Santos Amorim PR, Bastos RR, Canabrava KLR, Júnior MVM, Faria FR, do Carmo Castro Franceschini S, do Carmo Gouveia Peluzio M, Priore SE. Association of Lifestyle and Body Composition on Risk Factors of Cardiometabolic Diseases and Biomarkers in Female Adolescents. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:9170640. [PMID: 32694929 PMCID: PMC7368183 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9170640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female adolescents are considered a risk group for cardiometabolic disease due to their lifestyle (LS). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between LS classes and body composition groups with cardiometabolic disease risk factors and pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in female adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out with female adolescents aged 14 to 19 years, from Viçosa-MG, Brazil. Latent class analysis assessed LS classes. Kinanthropometric measurements were taken together with the body fat percentage (BF%), being analyzed by the Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) equipment. Blood pressure and biochemical parameters were analyzed in the Health Division of the Federal University of Viçosa. The pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed using Luminex technology. Associations with biomarkers were estimated by multiple linear regression. RESULTS 405 female adolescents were evaluated. The majority, 82.57%, 72.90%, and 65.31%, were classified as inactive by the number of steps, with high screen and cell phone time, respectively. Furthermore, 41.55% did meet the minimum of 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and 54.69% had high values of BF% (DEXA). The "Sedentary & Inactive LS" class together with the high levels of weight and BF% were associated with increased levels of blood pressure, lipid profile, and uric acid. It was also found that "Inactive & Sedentary LS", high BF%, insulin resistance, and ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein were associated with the concentrations of proinflammatory biomarkers of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and leptin. CONCLUSION We concluded that female adolescents with overweight/obese and high BF% presented higher values of anthropometric indicators, levels of blood pressure, concentration of uric acid and hs-CRP, and lower concentration of HDL. Inactive and Sedentary lifestyle of these girls, along with excess body fat, insulin resistance, and higher concentrations of hs-CRP were associated with the higher concentration proinflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valter Paulo Neves Miranda
- Department of Physical Education and Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Minas Gerais Postal Code: 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Ronaldo Rocha Bastos
- Department of Statistics-ICE, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora-MG, Brazil CEP: 36036-330
| | | | - Márcio Vidigal Miranda Júnior
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil Postal Code: 31270-901
| | - Fernanda Rocha Faria
- Department of Physical Education and Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Minas Gerais Postal Code: 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Silvia Eloiza Priore
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil Postal Code: 36570-900
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