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Ochirbat S, Kan TC, Hsu CC, Huang TH, Chuang KH, Chen M, Cheng CC, Chang CC, Rahayu S, Chang J. The angiogenic role of the alpha 9-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in triple-negative breast cancers. Angiogenesis 2024:10.1007/s10456-024-09944-6. [PMID: 39177676 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-024-09944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Nicotine acts as an angiogenic factor by stimulating endogenous cholinergic pathways. Several subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have been demonstrated to be closely correlated to the formation and progression of different types of cancers. Recently, several studies have found that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors α9 (α9-nAChRs) are highly expressed in breast tumors, especially in tumors derived from patients diagnosed at advanced stages. In vitro studies have demonstrated that activation of α9-nAChRs is associated with increased proliferation and migration of breast cancer. To study the tumor-promoting role of α9-nAChRs in breast cancers, we generated a novel anti-α9-nAChR and methoxy-polyethylene glycol (mPEG) bispecific antibody (α9 BsAb) for dissecting the molecular mechanism on α9-nAChR-mediated tumor progression. Unexpectedly, we discovered the angiogenic role of α9-nAChR in nicotine-induced neovascularization of tumors. It revealed α9 BsAbs reduced nicotine-induced endothelial cell tube formation, blood vessel development in Matrigel plug assay and angiogenesis in microtube array membrane murine model (MTAMs). To unbraid the molecular mechanism of α9-nAChR in nicotine-mediated angiogenesis, the α9 BsAbs were applied and revealed the inhibitory roles in nicotine-induced production of hypoxia-inducible factor-2 alpha (HIF-2α), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), phosphorylated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (p-VEGFR2), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) from triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), suggesting α9-nAChRs played an important role in nicotine-induced angiogenesis. To confirm our results, the shRNA targeting α9-nAChRs was designed and used to silence α9-nAChR expression and then evaluated the angiogenic role of α9-nAChRs. The results showed α9 shRNA also played an inhibitory effect in blocking the nicotine-induced angiogenic signaling. Taken together, α9-nAChR played a critical role in nicotine-induced angiogenesis and this bispecific antibody (α9 BsAb) may serve as a potential therapeutic candidate for treatments of the α9 positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonjid Ochirbat
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chun Kan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chun Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiang Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Michael Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chia Cheng
- Research Center of Radiation Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chao Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sri Rahayu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta, 13220, Indonesia
| | - Jungshan Chang
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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Borkar NA, Thompson MA, Bartman CM, Khalfaoui L, Sine S, Sathish V, Prakash YS, Pabelick CM. Nicotinic receptors in airway disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L149-L163. [PMID: 38084408 PMCID: PMC11280694 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00268.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
With continued smoking of tobacco products and expanded use of nicotine delivery devices worldwide, understanding the impact of smoking and vaping on respiratory health remains a major global unmet need. Although multiple studies have shown a strong association between smoking and asthma, there is a relative paucity of mechanistic understanding of how elements in cigarette smoke impact the airway. Recognizing that nicotine is a major component in both smoking and vaping products, it is critical to understand the mechanisms by which nicotine impacts airways and promotes lung diseases such as asthma. There is now increasing evidence that α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) are critical players in nicotine effects on airways, but the mechanisms by which α7nAChR influences different airway cell types have not been widely explored. In this review, we highlight and integrate the current state of knowledge regarding nicotine and α7nAChR in the context of asthma and identify potential approaches to alleviate the impact of smoking and vaping on the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyati A Borkar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
| | - Michael A Thompson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
| | - Colleen M Bartman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
| | - Latifa Khalfaoui
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
| | - Steven Sine
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Venkatachalem Sathish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
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Kubo A, Matsubara K, Matsubara Y, Nakaoka H, Sugiyama T. The Influence of Nicotine on Trophoblast-Derived Exosomes in a Mouse Model of Pathogenic Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11126. [PMID: 37446304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious complication of pregnancy with a pathogenesis that is not fully understood, though it involves the impaired invasion of extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) into the decidual layer during implantation. Because the risk of PE is actually decreased by cigarette smoking, we considered the possibility that nicotine, a critical component of tobacco smoke, might protect against PE by modifying the content of exosomes from EVTs. We investigated the effects of nicotine on our PE model mouse and evaluated blood pressure. Next, exosomes were extracted from nicotine-treated extravillous trophoblasts (HTR-8/SVneo), and the peptide samples were evaluated by DIA (Data Independent Acquisition) proteomic analysis following nano LC-MS/MS. Hub proteins were identified using bioinformatic analysis. We found that nicotine significantly reduced blood pressure in a PE mouse model. Furthermore, we identified many proteins whose abundance in exosomes was modified by nicotine treatment of EVTs, and we used bioinformatic annotation and network analysis to select five key hub proteins with potential roles in the pathogenesis or prevention of PE. EVT-derived exosomes might influence the pathogenesis of PE because the cargo delivered by exosomes can signal to and modify the receiving cells and their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayane Kubo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan
| | - Keiichi Matsubara
- Department of Regional Pediatrics and Perinatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yuko Matsubara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Nakaoka
- Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan
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Salehi Z, Motlagh Ghoochani BFN, Hasani Nourian Y, Jamalkandi SA, Ghanei M. The controversial effect of smoking and nicotine in SARS-CoV-2 infection. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 19:49. [PMID: 37264452 PMCID: PMC10234254 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-023-00797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke in many diseases, notably COVID-19 infection, are being debated more frequently. The current basic data for COVID-19 is increasing and indicating the higher risk of COVID-19 infections in smokers due to the overexpression of corresponding host receptors to viral entry. However, current multi-national epidemiological reports indicate a lower incidence of COVID-19 disease in smokers. Current data indicates that smokers are more susceptible to some diseases and more protective of some other. Interestingly, nicotine is also reported to play a dual role, being both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory. In the present study, we tried to investigate the effect of pure nicotine on various cells involved in COVID-19 infection. We followed an organ-based systematic approach to decipher the effect of nicotine in damaged organs corresponding to COVID-19 pathogenesis (12 related diseases). Considering that the effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke are different from each other, it is necessary to be careful in generalizing the effects of nicotine and cigarette to each other in the conducted researches. The generalization and the undifferentiation of nicotine from smoke is a significant bias. Moreover, different doses of nicotine stimulate different effects (dose-dependent response). In addition to further assessing the role of nicotine in COVID-19 infection and any other cases, a clever assessment of underlying diseases should also be considered to achieve a guideline for health providers and a personalized approach to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Salehi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Yazdan Hasani Nourian
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Azimzadeh Jamalkandi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Oulasvirta E, Koroknay-Pál P, Numminen J, Hafez A, Raj R, Jahromi BR, Niemelä M, Laakso A. Recurrence of brain arteriovenous malformations in pediatric patients: a long-term follow-up study. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023; 165:1565-1573. [PMID: 37140647 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-023-05612-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously thought to be congenital, AVMs have shown evidence of de-novo formation and continued growth, thus shifting thoughts on their pathophysiology. Pediatric AVM patients have been reported to be more prone to develop AVM recurrence after a seemingly complete cure. Therefore, we assessed the risk of AVM treated in childhood to recur in adulthood after a long-term follow-up in our own cohort. METHODS Control DS-angiography was arranged during 2021-2022 as part of a new protocol for all AVM patients who were under 21 years of age at the time of their treatment and in whom the treatment had occurred at least five years earlier. Angiography was offered only to patients under 50 years of age at the time of the new protocol. The complete eradication of AVM after the primary treatment had been originally confirmed with DSA in every patient. RESULTS A total of 42 patients participated in the late DSA control, and 41 of them were included in this analysis after excluding the patient diagnosed with HHT. The median age at the time of admission for AVM treatment was 14.6 (IQR 12-19, range 7-21 years) years. The median age at the time of the late follow-up DSA was 33.8 years (IQR 29.8-38.6, range 19.4-47.9 years). Two recurrent sporadic AVMs and one recurrent AVM in a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) were detected. The recurrence rate was 4.9% for sporadic AVMs and 7.1% if HHT-AVM was included. All the recurrent AVMs had originally bled and been treated microsurgically. The patients with sporadic AVM recurrence had been smoking their whole adult lives. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric and adolescent patients are prone to develop recurrent AVMs, even after complete AVM obliteration verified by angiography. Therefore, imaging follow-up is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Oulasvirta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Päivi Koroknay-Pál
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Numminen
- Department of Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ahmad Hafez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rahul Raj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Behnam Rezai Jahromi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Niemelä
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki Laakso
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Markovic M, Mitrovic S, Dagovic A, Jovanovic D, Nikolic T, Ivosevic A, Milosavljevic MZ, Vojinovic R, Petrovic M. Does the Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Bcl-2 Have a Prognostic Significance in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer? Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11030292. [PMID: 36766867 PMCID: PMC9914895 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11030292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of mortality from malignant tumors worldwide. The five-year survival rate for people with advanced stages varies considerably, from 35.4% to 6.9%. The angiogenic potential of bcl2 is not well known, nor is the way in which tumor cells with excessive bcl2 expression affect VEGF production. Hypothetically, given that tumor growth, progression and metastasis are dependent on angiogenesis, the antiapoptotic effect is expected to form a link between these two molecules. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between bcl-2 and VEGF expression, clinicopathological features and survival in 216 patients with advanced NSCLC. Archival tumor tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry for the expression of bcl-2 and VEGF. Immunoreactivity for bcl-2 was observed in 41.4% of NSCLCs, 51% of squamous and 34.8% of adenocarcinomas-expressed Bcl-2. There was an inverse correlation of mononuclear stromal reaction and bcl-2 expression in adenocarcinoma (p < 0.0005). A total of 71.8% NSCLCs were VEGF positive, 56% of squamous and 82.2% of adenocarcinomas. High level of VEGF expression was significantly associated with histology type (p = 0.043), low histology grade (p = 0.014), clinical stage IV (p = 0.018), smoking history (p = 0.008) and EGFR mutations (p = 0.026). There was an inverse correlation in the expression of Bcl-2 and VEGF in NSCLC patients (p = 0.039, r = -0.163). Two-year survival of patients with unresectable NSCLC was 39.3%, and 50% of patients were alive at 17 months. Our results demonstrated no difference in survival for patients in advanced NSCLC grouped by bcl-2 and VEGF status. Additionally, we observed an inverse correlation in the expression of Bcl-2 and VEGF in NSCLC and mononuclear reaction and bcl-2 expression in adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Markovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Slobodanka Mitrovic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pathology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-65-808-0877 or +381-34-505-356
| | - Aleksandar Dagovic
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dalibor Jovanovic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tomislav Nikolic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Clinic for Nephrology and Dyalisis, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Anita Ivosevic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Allergology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milos Z. Milosavljevic
- Department of Pathology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Radisa Vojinovic
- Department of Radiology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Petrovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Pulmonology Clinic, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Sanapalli BKR, Yele V, Sigalapalli DK, Gadewal N, Shaik AB, Bhandare RR, Annadurai S, Karri VVSR. Forging of nicotine for the effective management of diabetic wounds: A hybrid of scaffold hopping and molecular dynamics simulation approaches. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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8
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Cotinine as an indicator of fetal exposure to active and passive smoking in pregnant women. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2022-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Within 5 years, the number of pregnant smokers in Poland decreased by 5%. Still, 6% of pregnant women are active and 18% are passive smokers, and 5% smoke and drink alcohol. The study examined the levels of cotinine concentration in the blood of pregnant women and in the umbilical cord blood of their children in relation to the number of cigarettes smoked; the places and persons conducive to exposure of pregnant women to tobacco smoke were determined.
Materials and Methods
The study included 123 women who have entered medical facilities for childbirth during physiological pregnancy, who filled out a questionnaire about their lifestyle. Moreover, venous and umbilical blood was collected from them and their newborns for cotinine evaluation. The nicotine marker was determined by the UPLC/MS/MS analytical method.
Results
When examining the frequency of smoking and exposure to smoke, it was found that 38% of the respondents concealed their smoking status by giving false answers, as shown by the biochemical analysis of the presence of cotinine in the blood. A significant correlation was found between the cotinine levels of exposed and smoking mothers and their babies. Pregnant smokers were in the presence of smokers more often (p = 0.019). Moreover, it was found that the presence of women in the company of smokers who smoked more than 20 cigarettes/day resulted in a significant (p = 0.011) increase of cotinine in the umbilical blood in 31.5% of newborns, higher than the concentration in mothers.
Conclusions
Protecting women from passive smoking requires extensive educational measures. The inclusion of cotinine level assessment in pregnant women in the program of the standard of perinatal examinations should be considered in order to protect children from diseases resulting from the effects of nicotine in the embryonic period.
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Kim M, Kim HB, Park DS, Cho KH, Hyun DY, Kee HJ, Hong YJ, Jeong MH. A model of atherosclerosis using nicotine with balloon overdilation in a porcine. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13695. [PMID: 34211091 PMCID: PMC8249376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs are important experimental animals for cardiovascular research. Few porcine coronary atherosclerosis models have been developed; however, their induction requires more than six months. We developed a porcine coronary artery atherosclerosis model using nicotine injection with a balloon overdilation. A coronary balloon was placed in the porcine coronary artery and overdilated to induce a mechanical injury. Nicotine was administrated via intramuscular injection every day, and changes in the coronary artery were observed after four weeks. Coronary angiography revealed nicotine injection with a balloon overdilation group showed narrowing of the coronary artery at the injury site. The combination of balloon and nicotine significantly increased the intimal hyperplasia in optical coherence tomography analysis. Proliferated tunica media were noted in the nicotine injection with balloon overdilation groups and lack of collagen was observed in the tunica media at eight weeks. Quantitative analysis showed increased smooth muscle actin alpha (SMA), cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68), and Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) in the nicotine injection with balloon overdilation groups. Immunohistochemistry results showed CD68-positive cells displayed SMA- and KLF4-positive reactivity in the border zone of the intimal hyperplasia. Our results show that nicotine injection with balloon overdilation can induce atherosclerotic lesions within one month, which can serve as an alternative pig animal model for the development of coronary stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munki Kim
- The Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam, National University Hospital Designated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Byul Kim
- The Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam, National University Hospital Designated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Park
- The Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam, National University Hospital Designated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.,Korea Cardiovascular Stent Research Institute, Jangsung, 57248, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hoon Cho
- Division of Cardiology of Chonnam, National University Hospital, Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center Nominated By Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Hyun
- Division of Cardiology of Chonnam, National University Hospital, Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center Nominated By Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kee
- The Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam, National University Hospital Designated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Hong
- Division of Cardiology of Chonnam, National University Hospital, Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center Nominated By Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- The Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam, National University Hospital Designated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea. .,Korea Cardiovascular Stent Research Institute, Jangsung, 57248, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Cardiology of Chonnam, National University Hospital, Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center Nominated By Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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Jaleel Z, Blasberg E, Troiano C, Montanaro P, Mazzilli S, Gertje HP, Crossland NA, Platt M, Spiegel J. Association of vaping with decreased vascular endothelial growth factor expression and decreased microvessel density in cutaneous wound healing tissue in rats. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:1024-1034. [PMID: 34129265 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vaping is suggested to be a risk factor for poor wound healing akin to smoking. However, the molecular and histologic mechanisms underlying this postulation remain unknown. Our study sought to compare molecular and histologic changes in cutaneous flap and non-flap tissue between vaping, smoking and control cohorts. Animal study of 15 male Sprague-Dawley rats was randomized to three cohorts: negative control (n = 5), e-cigarette (n = 5) and cigarette (n = 5) and exposed to their respective treatments with serum cotinine monitoring. After 30 days, random pattern flaps were raised and healed for 2 weeks after which skin punch biopsies of flap and non-flap tissues were collected for quantitative-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of three selected wound healing genes (transforming growth factor β [TGF-β], vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], matrix metalloproteinase-1 [MMP-1]); then, immunohistochemistry for CD68 expression, α-smooth muscle actin looking at microvessel density (MVD) and in situ hybridization to localize VEGF production were undertaken. In flap tissue, vaping (mean[SEM]) (0.61[0.07]) and smoking (0.70[0.04]) were associated with decreased fold change of VEGF expression compared with controls (0.91[0.03]) (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). In non-flap tissue, only vaping was associated with decreased VEGF expression (mean[SEM]) (0.81[0.07]), compared with controls (1.17[0.10]) (p < 0.05) with expression primarily localized to basal keratinocytes and dermal capillaries. Immunohistochemistry showed decreased MVD in smoking (0.27[0.06]) and vaping (0.26[0.04]) flap tissue compared to matched controls (0.65[0.14]) (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively) and decreased areas of fibrosis compared with controls on gross histology. Vaping and smoking were similarly associated with decreased VEGF expression, MVD and fibrotic changes in flap tissue. The results suggest attenuated angiogenesis via decreased VEGF expression as a mechanism for poor wound healing in vaping-exposed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaroug Jaleel
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth Blasberg
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chelsea Troiano
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paige Montanaro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah Mazzilli
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hans Peter Gertje
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas A Crossland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Platt
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey Spiegel
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Silva H. Tobacco Use and Periodontal Disease-The Role of Microvascular Dysfunction. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:441. [PMID: 34067557 PMCID: PMC8156280 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease consists in highly prevalent wide-ranging inflammatory conditions that affect the supporting apparatus of teeth. Tobacco use is the most important risk factor for periodontal disease as it increases disease severity and periodontal surgery complications. Tobacco use is harmful for the vasculature by causing microvascular dysfunction, which is known to negatively affect periodontal disease. To the author's knowledge this paper is the first comprehensive review on the mechanisms by which tobacco use affects oral microcirculation and impacts the pathophysiology of periodontal disease. In healthy subjects, acute nicotine administration or tobacco use (smoking/smokeless forms) increases the blood flow in the oral mucosa due to local irritation and increased blood pressure, which overcome neural- and endocrine-mediated vasoconstriction. Chronic tobacco smokers display an increased gingival microvascular density, which is attributed to an increased capillary recruitment, however, these microcirculatory units show higher tortuosity and lower caliber. These morphological changes, together with the repetitive vasoconstrictive insults, contribute to lower gingival perfusion in chronic smokers and do not completely regress upon smoking cessation. In periodontal disease there is considerable gingival inflammation and angiogenesis in non-smokers which, in chronic smokers, are considerably suppressed, in part due to local immune suppression and oxidative stress. Tobacco exposure, irrespective of the form of use, causes long-term microvascular dysfunction that increases the risk of complications due to the natural disease course or secondary therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Silva
- Informetrics Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam
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12
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Use of Oral Anticoagulation and Diabetes Do Not Inhibit the Angiogenic Potential of Hypoxia Preconditioned Blood-Derived Secretomes. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8080283. [PMID: 32796694 PMCID: PMC7459715 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from tissue ischemia, who would greatly benefit from angiogenesis-promoting therapies such as hypoxia preconditioned blood-derived secretomes commonly receive oral anticoagulation (OA) and/or have diabetes mellitus (DM). In this study, we investigated the effect of OA administration on the in vitro angiogenic potential of hypoxia preconditioned plasma (HPP) and serum (HPS), prepared from nondiabetic/diabetic subjects who did not receive OA (n = 5) or were treated with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, n = 8), ASA + clopidogrel (n = 10), or nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (n = 7) for longer than six months. The effect of DM was differentially assessed by comparing HPP/HPS obtained from nondiabetic (n = 8) and diabetic (n = 16) subjects who had not received OA in the past six months. The concentration of key proangiogenic (vascular endothelial growth factor or VEGF) and antiangiogenic (thrombospondin-1 or TSP-1 and platelet factor-4 or PF-4) protein factors in HPP/HPS was analyzed via ELISA, while their ability to induce microvessel formations was examined in endothelial cell cultures. We found that OA use significantly reduced VEGF levels in HPP, but not HPS, compared to non-OA controls. While HPP and HPS TSP-1 levels remained largely unchanged as a result of OA usage, HPS PF-4 levels were significantly reduced in samples obtained from OA-treated subjects. Neither OA administration nor DM appeared to significantly reduce the ability of HPP or HPS to induce microvessel formations in vitro. These findings indicate that OA administration does not limit the angiogenic potential of hypoxia preconditioned blood-derived secretomes, and therefore, it does not prohibit the application of these therapies for supporting tissue vascularization and wound healing in healthy or diabetic subjects.
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13
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Centner AM, Bhide PG, Salazar G. Nicotine in Senescence and Atherosclerosis. Cells 2020; 9:E1035. [PMID: 32331221 PMCID: PMC7226537 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a known exacerbator of age-related pathologies, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), atherosclerosis, and cellular aging (senescence). However, the role of nicotine and its major metabolite cotinine is yet to be elucidated. Considering the growing amount of nicotine-containing aerosol use in recent years, the role of nicotine is a relevant public health concern. A number of recent studies and health education sites have focused on nicotine aerosol-induced adverse lung function, and neglected cardiovascular (CV) impairments and diseases. A critical review of the present scientific literature leads to the hypothesis that nicotine mediates the effects of cigarette smoke in the CV system by increasing MAPK signaling, inflammation, and oxidative stress through NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), to induce vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) senescence. The accumulation of senescent VSMCs in the lesion cap is detrimental as it increases the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by promoting an unstable plaque phenotype. Therefore, nicotine, and most likely its metabolite cotinine, adversely influence atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Marie Centner
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, College of Human Scinces, 120 Convocation Way, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Pradeep G. Bhide
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, FSU College of Medicine, 1115, West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Gloria Salazar
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, College of Human Scinces, 120 Convocation Way, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging (CAENRA), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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14
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Ciocan RA, Cătană CS, Drugan C, Gherman CD, Ciocan A, Drugan TC, Bolboacă SD. Relation between serum cotinine levels and trophic lesions in patients with critical limb ischemia: a pilot study. Acta Clin Belg 2020; 75:149-154. [PMID: 30741123 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2019.1577530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate if smoking, quantified by the serum cotinine levels, is related to the evolution of patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI).Method: A pilot study was conducted on CLI patients who addressed at the Second Surgery Clinic of the Emergency County Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania between November 2015 and December 2016. The sample of patients was split into two groups using the threshold of 15 ng/mL for the serum level of cotinine (low cotinine level - LCL vs. high cotinine level - HCL). Furthermore, the ROC analysis was conducted to identify the threshold of cotinine level able to discriminate between CLI patients with and without trophic lesions.Results: The mean age of patients was 60.7 ± 10.5 years with a significantly higher percentage of male patients (84%). A significant association was identified between urban origin and serum cotinine level, which is related to the increased number of cigarettes smoked per day among urban participants. Excepting necrectomy and toe disarticulation, no differences were found between LCL and HCL group regarding symptoms, signs or comorbidities. In smokers with CLI (38/43), a serum cotinine cut-off of 9.765 ng/mL was observed on eight out of 10 CLI patients with necrectomy and five out of 28 patients without necrectomy.Conclusion: Our study showed higher serum cotinine levels associated with a higher number of smoked cigarettes and necrectomy in patients with CLI. The serum cotinine could be a fair screening test for necrectomy in smokers CLI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Răzvan A. Ciocan
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Surgical Clinic, Emergency County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina-Sorina Cătană
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Drugan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudia D. Gherman
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Surgical Clinic, Emergency County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Practical Skills, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andra Ciocan
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tudor C. Drugan
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sorana D. Bolboacă
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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15
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Rigal A, Colle R, Asmar KE, Trabado S, Loeb E, Martin S, Choucha W, Gressier F, Costemale-Lacoste JF, de Larminat D, Deflesselle E, Fève B, Chanson P, Becquemont L, Verstuyft C, Corruble E. Lower plasma vascular endothelial growth factor A in major depressive disorder not normalized after antidepressant treatment: A case control study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2020; 54:402-408. [PMID: 31823655 DOI: 10.1177/0004867419893433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular endothelial growth factor A is a growth factor with pro-angiogenic and neurotrophic properties. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor A treatments, used to treat cancers and opthalmic diseases, are known to induce depressive symptoms. Thus, we hypothesized that vascular endothelial growth factor A plasma levels are low in patients experiencing a major depressive episode in the context of major depressive disorder, which consequently increase after antidepressant treatment. The aim of this study was to compare plasma vascular endothelial growth factor A levels in patients with major depressive episode-major depressive disorder before and after antidepressant treatment. METHODS Vascular endothelial growth factor A fasting plasma levels of 469 major depressive episode-major depressive disorder patients were compared with healthy controls. Depressed patients were assessed for remission after 3 and 6 months of antidepressant treatment. Bivariate and multivariate analyses adjusted for sex, age, body mass index and tobacco use were performed. RESULTS As compared to healthy controls, major depressive episode patients had lower vascular endothelial growth factor A, 66.0 (38.3) pg/mL (standard deviation) vs 83.2 (49.2) pg/mL, p < 0.0001. Plasma vascular endothelial growth factor A levels did not change after antidepressant treatment, even in remitters, and remained lower than those of healthy controls, 64.9 (39.3) pg/mL vs 83.2 (49.2) pg/mL, p < 0.0001. CONCLUSION Depressed patients with major depressive disorder have lower plasma vascular endothelial growth factor A levels than healthy controls during their major depressive episode and after remission following antidepressant treatment. New strategies targeting enhancement of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor A could be promising for the prevention and treatment of major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Rigal
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Romain Colle
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Khalil El Asmar
- INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Liban
| | - Séverine Trabado
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Service de Génétique moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR-S1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Emanuel Loeb
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Séverine Martin
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Walid Choucha
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Florence Gressier
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jean-Francois Costemale-Lacoste
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Delphine de Larminat
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Eric Deflesselle
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Bruno Fève
- Sorbonne Université-Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, UMR_S938, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France.,Service d'Endocrinologie, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares PRISIS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Chanson
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR-S1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurent Becquemont
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Service de Génétique moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Céline Verstuyft
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Service de Génétique moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Emmanuelle Corruble
- Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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16
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Liu F, Wen T, Tang Q, Chen F, Liao D. Impact of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Polymorphisms and Their Interactions with Environmental Factors on Susceptibility to Renal Cell Carcinoma. Nephron Clin Pract 2020; 144:255-260. [PMID: 32182617 DOI: 10.1159/000505817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene and additional gene-environment interaction with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk. METHODS PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed to detect SNPs. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and allele frequencies in cases and controls were calculated using SNPStats (http://bioinfo.iconcologia.net/SNPstats). Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) was used to screen the best interaction combination among 4 SNPs, smoking, and alcohol drinking. Logistic regression was performed to investigate the association between 4 SNPs within VEGF gene, additional gene-smoking interaction, and RCC risk. RESULTS RCC risk was significantly higher in carriers with the T allele of rs833061 within VEGF gene than those with CC genotype (CT+TT vs. CC) {adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 1.71 (1.17-2.32), p = 0.002} and higher in carriers with the A allele of rs699947 within VEGF gene than those with GG genotype (GA+AA vs. GG) (adjusted OR [95% CI] = 1.64 [1.27-2.10], p < 0.001). GMDR analysis indicated a significant 2-locus model (p = 0.0010) involving rs833061 and smoking. The cross-validation consistency of the 2-locus model was 10/10, and the testing accuracy was 60.72%. Current smokers with rs833061-CT+TT genotype had the highest RCC risk, compared to never smokers with rs833061-CC genotype within VEGF gene (OR [95% CI] = 3.02 [1.84-4.23], p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We found that the T allele of rs833061 and the A allele of rs699947 within VEGF gene, and the interaction between rs833061 and smoking were all associated with increased RCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Liu
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ting Wen
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qian Tang
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fangshan Chen
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Dazhong Liao
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China,
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17
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Ye D, Gajendra S, Lawyer G, Jadeja N, Pishey D, Pathagunti S, Lyons J, Veazie P, Watson G, McIntosh S, Rahman I. Inflammatory biomarkers and growth factors in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid of e-cigarette users, cigarette smokers, and dual smokers: A pilot study. J Periodontol 2020; 91:1274-1283. [PMID: 32052441 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking remains one of the leading public health threats worldwide. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) provide an alternative to conventional cigarette smoking; however, the evidence base of risks and benefits of e-cig use is new and growing. In this cross-sectional pilot study, the effect of e-cig use on biological profiles in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was assessed and compared with the profiles of cigarette smokers (CS), dual users, and non-users. The systemic inflammatory mediators between e-cig users (EC) and these other groups were also assessed. METHODS This pilot cross-sectional study recruited volunteer participants consisting of four groups, non-smokers (NS), CS, EC, and dual EC and cigarette smokers (DS). Saliva and GCF samples were collected and analyzed for biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory lipid mediators, tissue injury and repair, and growth factors with immunoassay (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Luminex). RESULTS Smoking status was confirmed via salivary cotinine. Prostaglandin E2 level was significantly increased in CS compared with EC and DS, but not significantly different in EC and DS groups compared with non-smokers (NS). Statistically significant differences were observed between groups of EC and NS (myeloperoxidase [MPO], matrix metalloproteinase-9) as well as between DS and EC for biomarkers of inflammatory mediators (receptor for advanced glycation end products [RAGE], MPO, uteroglobin/CC-10); between groups of DS and NS for extracellular newly identified RAGE binding protein and between CS and NS for MPO. No statistically significant differences in biomarkers of immunity (S100A8, S100A9, galectin-3), tissue injury and repair (Serpine1/PAI-1) and growth factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, fibroblast growth factors, platelet-derived growth factor-AA, vascular endothelial growth factor, and others) were found between any of groups. CONCLUSION Statistically significant differences in measurable health outcomes were found between different smoking status groups, suggesting that smoking/vaping produces differential effects on oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxia Ye
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Sangeeta Gajendra
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Gina Lawyer
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Neelam Jadeja
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Deepa Pishey
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Srinivasa Pathagunti
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Janet Lyons
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Peter Veazie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Gene Watson
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Scott McIntosh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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18
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Hitzerd E, Broekhuizen M, Neuman RI, Colafella KMM, Merkus D, Schoenmakers S, Simons SHP, Reiss IKM, Danser AHJ. Human Placental Vascular Reactivity in Health and Disease: Implications for the Treatment of Pre-eclampsia. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:505-527. [PMID: 30950346 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190405145228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adequate development of the placenta is essential for optimal pregnancy outcome. Pre-eclampsia (PE) is increasingly recognized to be a consequence of placental dysfunction and can cause serious maternal and fetal complications during pregnancy. Furthermore, PE increases the risk of neonatal problems and has been shown to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease of the mother later in life. Currently, there is no adequate treatment for PE, mainly because its multifactorial pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. It originates in early pregnancy with abnormal placentation and involves a cascade of dysregulated systems in the placental vasculature. To investigate therapeutic strategies it is essential to understand the regulation of vascular reactivity and remodeling of blood vessels in the placenta. Techniques using human tissue such as the ex vivo placental perfusion model provide insight in the vasoactive profile of the placenta, and are essential to study the effects of drugs on the fetal vasculature. This approach highlights the different pathways that are involved in the vascular regulation of the human placenta, changes that occur during PE and the importance of focusing on restoring these dysfunctional systems when studying treatment strategies for PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Hitzerd
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michelle Broekhuizen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology; Division of Experimental Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rugina I Neuman
- Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Katrina M Mirabito Colafella
- Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daphne Merkus
- Department of Cardiology; Division of Experimental Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sam Schoenmakers
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sinno H P Simons
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Irwin K M Reiss
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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19
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Khan A, Thatcher TH, Woeller CF, Sime PJ, Phipps RP, Hopke PK, Utell MJ, Krahl PL, Mallon TM, Thakar J. Machine Learning Approach for Predicting Past Environmental Exposures From Molecular Profiling of Post-Exposure Human Serum Samples. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 61 Suppl 12:S55-S64. [PMID: 31800451 PMCID: PMC6897314 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an approach for a retrospective analysis of post-exposure serum samples using diverse molecular profiles. METHODS The 236 molecular profiles from 800 de-identified human serum samples from the Department of Defense Serum Repository were classified as smokers or non-smokers based on direct measurement of serum cotinine levels. A machine-learning pipeline was used to classify smokers and non-smokers from their molecular profiles. RESULTS The refined supervised support vector machines with recursive feature elimination predicted smokers and non-smokers with 78% accuracy on the independent held-out set. Several of the identified classifiers of smoking status have previously been reported and four additional miRNAs were validated with experimental tobacco smoke exposure in mice, supporting the computational approach. CONCLUSIONS We developed and validated a pipeline that shows retrospective analysis of post-exposure serum samples can identify environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Khan
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Thomas H. Thatcher
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Collynn F. Woeller
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Patricia J. Sime
- Departments of Medicine, Environmental Medicine, and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Richard P. Phipps
- Departments of Medicine, Environmental Medicine, and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Philip K. Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
- Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699
| | - Mark J. Utell
- Departments of Medicine and Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Pamela L. Krahl
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Timothy M. Mallon
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Juilee Thakar
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
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Sayed MM, Elgamal DA, Farrag AA, Gomaa AM. Nicotine-induced oxidative stress alters sciatic nerve barriers in rat through modulation of ZO-1 & VEGF expression. Tissue Cell 2019; 60:60-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Nise H Yamaguchi
- Integrative Advances in Medicine, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ebrahimpour A, Shrestha S, Bonnen MD, Eissa NT, Raghu G, Ghebre YT. Nicotine Modulates Growth Factors and MicroRNA to Promote Inflammatory and Fibrotic Processes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 368:169-178. [PMID: 30446578 PMCID: PMC6323623 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.252650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease that destroys the structure and function of the lungs. Risk factors include advanced age and genetic predisposition. However, tobacco use is the chief modifiable risk factor. The prevalence of tobacco use in IPF reaches up to 80%. Although tobacco smoke contains over 5000 chemicals, nicotine is a major component. Nicotine is a bioactive molecule that acts upon nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed on neuronal and non-neuronal cells including endothelial cells. Accordingly, it has a pleiotropic effect on cell proliferation and angiogenesis. The angiogenic effect is partly mediated by stimulation of growth factors including fibroblast, platelet-derived, and vascular endothelial growth factors. Nintedanib, a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for IPF, works by inhibiting receptors for these growth factors, suggesting a pathobiologic role of the growth factors in IPF and a potential mechanism by which tobacco use may exacerbate the disease process; additionally, nicotine downregulates anti-inflammatory microRNAs (miRs) in lung cells. Here, we profiled the expression of miRs in lung tissues explanted from a lung injury model and examined the effect of nicotine on one of the identified miRs (miR-24) and its downstream targets. Our data show that miR-24 is downregulated during lung injury and is suppressed by nicotine. We also found that nicotine upregulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines targeted by miR-24. Finally, nicotine stimulated growth factors, fibroblast proliferation, collagen release, and expression of myofibroblast markers. Taken together, nicotine, alone or as a component of tobacco smoke, may accelerate the disease process in IPF through stimulation of growth factors and downregulation of anti-inflammatory miRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Ebrahimpour
- Departments of Radiation Oncology (A.E., S.S., M.D.B., Y.T.G.) and Medicine, Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.T.E., Y.T.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (G.R.)
| | - Samana Shrestha
- Departments of Radiation Oncology (A.E., S.S., M.D.B., Y.T.G.) and Medicine, Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.T.E., Y.T.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (G.R.)
| | - Mark D Bonnen
- Departments of Radiation Oncology (A.E., S.S., M.D.B., Y.T.G.) and Medicine, Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.T.E., Y.T.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (G.R.)
| | - N Tony Eissa
- Departments of Radiation Oncology (A.E., S.S., M.D.B., Y.T.G.) and Medicine, Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.T.E., Y.T.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (G.R.)
| | - Ganesh Raghu
- Departments of Radiation Oncology (A.E., S.S., M.D.B., Y.T.G.) and Medicine, Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.T.E., Y.T.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (G.R.)
| | - Yohannes T Ghebre
- Departments of Radiation Oncology (A.E., S.S., M.D.B., Y.T.G.) and Medicine, Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (N.T.E., Y.T.G.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (G.R.)
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Abdel Fattah S, Rizk AAEE, Motawie AG, Abd El-Galil TI, El Sebaie M. Effects of nicotine on rat adrenal gland: crosstalk between oxidative and inflammatory markers, and amelioration by melatonin. Biotech Histochem 2018; 94:234-243. [PMID: 30449191 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2018.1545159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the risks of smoking are well known, the effects of exposure to nicotine on endocrine functions remain unclear. We investigated the deleterious effects of nicotine on the adrenal gland and the mechanisms of these changes in rats. The role of melatonin in ameliorating pathological changes also was investigated. We used 24 rats divided into four groups of six: group 1, control; group 2, nicotine treated; group 3, nicotine and melatonin treated; group 4, melatonin treated. We used histology; immunohistochemistry of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH); measured oxidative and antioxidative markers, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH); and performed real-time PCR for NF-κB 65, IL1-B and IL6. We also performed histomorphometric analysis. Indentation and lamellar separation of the adrenal capsule, vacuolated degenerated cells and lymphocytic infiltration were observed in group 2. Vacuolated cells and cells with pyknotic nuclei also were detected in the zona reticularis and medulla of the same group. We observed improved shape and cellular lining of the gland in groups 3 and 4. Widespread expression of iNOS, VEGF and TH, increased area percent collagen, decreased GSH (56%) and increased MDA, NF-κB, IL1-B and IL-6 were observed in group 2. All parameters were ameliorated in groups 3 and 4. The effects of nicotine on the adrenal gland can be attributed to oxidative and inflammatory stress; melatonin ameliorates these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Abdel Fattah
- a Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - A A E-E Rizk
- a Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - A G Motawie
- a Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - T I Abd El-Galil
- a Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - M El Sebaie
- b Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
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24
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Bastianini S, Lo Martire V, Silvani A, Zoccoli G, Berteotti C, Lagercrantz H, Arner A, Cohen G. Long-term cardiovascular reprogramming by short-term perinatal exposure to nicotine's main metabolite cotinine. Acta Paediatr 2018; 107:638-646. [PMID: 29224235 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Gather 'proof-of-concept' evidence of the adverse developmental potential of cotinine (a seemingly benign biomarker of recent nicotine/tobacco smoke exposure). METHODS Pregnant C57 mice drank nicotine- or cotinine-laced water for 6 wks from conception (NPRE = 2% saccharin + 100 μg nicotine/mL; CPRE = 2% saccharin + 10 μg cotinine/mL) or 3 wks after birth (CPOST = 2% saccharin + 30 μg cotinine/mL). Controls drank 2% saccharin (CTRL). At 17 ± 1 weeks (male pups; CTRL n = 6; CPOST n = 6; CPRE n = 8; NPRE n = 9), we assessed (i) cardiovascular control during sleep; (ii) arterial reactivity ex vivo; and (iii) expression of genes involved in arterial constriction/dilation. RESULTS Blood cotinine levels recapitulated those of passive smoker mothers' infants. Pups exposed to cotinine exhibited (i) mild bradycardia - hypotension at rest (p < 0.001); (ii) attenuated (CPRE , p < 0.0001) or reverse (CPOST ; p < 0.0001) BP stress reactivity; (iii) adrenergic hypocontractility (p < 0.0003), low protein kinase C (p < 0.001) and elevated adrenergic receptor mRNA (p < 0.05; all drug-treated arteries); and (iv) endothelial dysfunction (NPRE only). CONCLUSION Cotinine has subtle, enduring developmental consequences. Some cardiovascular effects of nicotine can plausibly arise via conversion into cotinine. Low-level exposure to this metabolite may pose unrecognised perinatal risks. Adults must avoid inadvertently exposing a foetus or infant to cotinine as well as nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bastianini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (PRISM Lab); Alma Mater Studiorum; Università di Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Viviana Lo Martire
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (PRISM Lab); Alma Mater Studiorum; Università di Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Alessandro Silvani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (PRISM Lab); Alma Mater Studiorum; Università di Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Giovanna Zoccoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (PRISM Lab); Alma Mater Studiorum; Università di Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Chiara Berteotti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (PRISM Lab); Alma Mater Studiorum; Università di Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Hugo Lagercrantz
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Neonatal Unit; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anders Arner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (Genetic Physiology); Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Gary Cohen
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Neonatal Unit; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Centre for Sleep Health and Research; Sleep Investigation Laboratory; Royal North Shore Hospital; Sydney Australia
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25
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Kuol N, Stojanovska L, Apostolopoulos V, Nurgali K. Role of the Nervous System in Tumor Angiogenesis. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2018; 11:1-11. [PMID: 29502307 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-018-0207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of cancer involves an intricate process, wherein many identified and unidentified factors play a role. Tumor angiogenesis, growth of new blood vessels, is one of the major prerequisites for tumor growth as tumor cells rely on adequate oxygen and nutrient supply as well as the removal of waste products. Growth factors including VEGF orchestrate the development of angiogenesis. In addition, nervous system via the release of neurotransmitters contributes to tumor angiogenesis. The nervous system governs functional activities of many organs, and, as tumors are not independent organs within an organism, this system is integrally involved in tumor growth and progression via regulating tumor angiogenesis. Various neurotransmitters have been reported to play an important role in tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyanbol Kuol
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Medicine Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, Australia.
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26
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Marinucci L, Balloni S, Fettucciari K, Bodo M, Talesa VN, Antognelli C. Nicotine induces apoptosis in human osteoblasts via a novel mechanism driven by H 2O 2 and entailing Glyoxalase 1-dependent MG-H1 accumulation leading to TG2-mediated NF-kB desensitization: Implication for smokers-related osteoporosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 117:6-17. [PMID: 29355739 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine contained in cigarette smoke contributes to the onset of several diseases, including osteoporosis, whose emerging pathogenic mechanism is associated with osteoblasts apoptosis. Scanty information is available on the molecular mechanisms of nicotine on osteoblasts apoptosis and, consequently, on an important aspect of the pathogenesis of smokers-related osteoporosis. Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) is the detoxification enzyme of methylglyoxal (MG), a major precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), potent pro-apoptotic agents. Hydroimidazolone (MG-H1) is the major AGE derived from the spontaneous MG adduction of arginine residues. The aim of this study was to investigate whether, and by means of which mechanism, the antiglycation defence Glo1 was involved in the apoptosis induced by 0.1 and 1µM nicotine in human primary osteoblasts chronically exposed for 11 and 21 days. By using gene overexpression/silencing and scavenging/inhibitory agents, we demonstrated that nicotine induces a significant intracellular accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) that, by inhibiting Glo1, drives MG-H1 accumulation/release. MG-H1, in turn, triggers H2O2 overproduction via receptor for AGEs (RAGE) and, in parallel, an apoptotic mitochondrial pathway by inducing Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) downregulation-dependent NF-kB desensitization. Measurements of H2O2, Glo1 and MG-H1 circulating levels in smokers compared with non-smokers or in smokers with osteoporosis compared with those without this bone-related disease supported the results obtained in vitro. Our findings newly pose the antiglycation enzymatic defense Glo1 and MG-H1 among the molecular events involved in nicotine-induced reactive oxygen species-mediated osteoblasts apoptosis, a crucial event in smoker-related osteoporosis, and suggest novel exposure markers in health surveillance programmes related to smokers-associated osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefania Balloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Maria Bodo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
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Nicotine associated breast cancer in smokers is mediated through high level of EZH2 expression which can be reversed by methyltransferase inhibitor DZNepA. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:152. [PMID: 29396474 PMCID: PMC5833686 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies show substantial growth-promoting properties of nicotine (NIC) in cancer, which is a combined outcome of genetic and epigenetic alterations. However, the role of epigenetic modifiers in response to NIC in breast cancer is less studied. In the present study, for the first time we have shown NIC-induced enhanced EZH2 expression. Six pairs of smoking-associated breast cancer patient tissues were analyzed. Samples from smoking breast cancer patients showed distinguished enhanced EZH2 expression in comparison to non-smoking ones. The upregulation in EZH2, which is due to NIC, was further confirmed in breast carcinoma cell lines using 10 µM NIC, 1 µM DZNepA, and EZH2si. The upregulation of EZH2 was concomitant with upregulation in Myc and α9-nAChR. The xenograft of breast cancer cells in BALB/c nude mice in the presence or absence of NIC showed significantly higher tumor uptake in the NIC injected group, which clearly demonstrates the effect of NIC in breast cancer progression. Interestingly, DZNepA considerably suppressed the NIC-mediated tumor growth. CHIP-qPCR assay confirmed the increased Myc enrichment on EZH2 promoter upon NIC treatment, thereby strengthening our findings that there exists an association between NIC, Myc, and EZH2. Overall, the present study identifies a strong association between NIC and EZH2 particularly in the progression of breast cancer in smokers through a novel axis involving nAChR and Myc. Moreover, the findings provide preliminary evidence suggesting potential of high level of EZH2 expression as a prognostic marker in smoking-associated breast cancer.
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28
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Shim JW, Madsen JR. VEGF Signaling in Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010275. [PMID: 29342116 PMCID: PMC5796221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent growth factor playing diverse roles in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. In the brain, VEGF mediates angiogenesis, neural migration and neuroprotection. As a permeability factor, excessive VEGF disrupts intracellular barriers, increases leakage of the choroid plexus endothelia, evokes edema, and activates the inflammatory pathway. Recently, we discovered that a heparin binding epidermal growth factor like growth factor (HB-EGF)—a class of EGF receptor (EGFR) family ligands—contributes to the development of hydrocephalus with subarachnoid hemorrhage through activation of VEGF signaling. The objective of this review is to entail a recent update on causes of death due to neurological disorders involving cerebrovascular and age-related neurological conditions and to understand the mechanism by which angiogenesis-dependent pathological events can be treated with VEGF antagonisms. The Global Burden of Disease study indicates that cancer and cardiovascular disease including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke are two leading causes of death worldwide. The literature suggests that VEGF signaling in ischemic brains highlights the importance of concentration, timing, and alternate route of modulating VEGF signaling pathway. Molecular targets distinguishing two distinct pathways of VEGF signaling may provide novel therapies for the treatment of neurological disorders and for maintaining lower mortality due to these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon W Shim
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Joseph R Madsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Mendoza C, Barreto GE, Iarkov A, Tarasov VV, Aliev G, Echeverria V. Cotinine: A Therapy for Memory Extinction in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6700-6711. [PMID: 29335846 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that may develop after exposure to exceptionally threatening or unescapable horrifying events. Actual therapies fail to alleviate the emotional suffering and cognitive impairment associated with this disorder, mostly because they are ineffective in treating the failure to extinguish trauma memories in a great percentage of those affected. In this review, current behavioral, cellular, and molecular evidence supporting the use of cotinine for treating PTSD are reviewed. The role of the positive modulation by cotinine of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and their downstream effectors, the protection of astroglia, and the inhibition of microglia in the PTSD brain are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristhian Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexandre Iarkov
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - Vadim V Tarasov
- Institute of Pharmacy and Translational Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Severniy Proezd, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 1142432, Russia. .,"GALLY" International Biomedical Research Consulting LLC, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA. .,School of Health Sciences and Healthcare Administration, University of Atlanta, Johns Creek, GA, 30097, USA.
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, 4030000, Concepción, Chile. .,Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Research and Development, Bay Pines, FL, 33744, USA.
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30
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Massarsky A, Prasad G, Di Giulio RT. Total particulate matter from cigarette smoke disrupts vascular development in zebrafish brain (Danio rerio). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 339:85-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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31
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Daloee MH, Avan A, Mirhafez SR, Kavousi E, Hasanian-Mehr M, Darroudi S, Tajfard M, Tayefi M, Qazizade H, Mohammadi A, Ferydouni N, Ebrahimi M, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Impact of Cigarette Smoking on Serum Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines and Growth Factors. Am J Mens Health 2017; 11:1169-1173. [PMID: 26345402 PMCID: PMC5675323 DOI: 10.1177/1557988315601724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a key role in the initiation, progression, and clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis. Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. The aim of the current study was to investigate the serum concentrations of 12 cytokines and growth factors (EGF, INF-γ, IL-1α/-1β/-2/-4/-6/-8/-10, MCP-1, TNF-α, and VEGF) in an Iranian population, including 192 smokers, comparing these values with concentrations in nonsmokers. One hundred and ninety-two cases were enrolled from the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Of these cases, 82 were cigarette smokers and 110 were nonsmokers. Sex and age were matched for the two groups. The serum concentration of 12 cytokines and growth factors were determined using EV-3513-cytokine-biochip arrays, by competitive chemiluminescence immunoassays. The level of serum MCP-1 was significantly ( p < .001) lower in the female group of cigarette smokers (mean = 88.1 dL/ng), compared with nonsmokers (mean = 155.6 dL/ng). There were no significant differences for the other cytokines and growth factors between the groups. Our finding demonstrate the association of MCP-1 with cigarette smoking, supporting further studies in larger population on evaluating the role of cigarette smoking on pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amir Avan
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Elahe Kavousi
- CardiovascularResearch Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hasanian-Mehr
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sousan Darroudi
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Tajfard
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Tayefi
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hanie Qazizade
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Akram Mohammadi
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Narges Ferydouni
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ebrahimi
- CardiovascularResearch Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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32
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Zhang XY, Ng TK, Brelén ME, Chan KP, Wu D, Yung JSY, Cao D, Wang Y, Zhang S, Chan SO, Pang CP. Disruption of retinal pigment epithelial cell properties under the exposure of cotinine. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3139. [PMID: 28600524 PMCID: PMC5466671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), in which progressive retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell degeneration is a major pathological change. Nicotine is a major biologically active component in cigarette smoke. It is continuously catabolized into cotinine, which has longer half-life and higher concentration in tissue cells and fluids. Here we hypothesized that continuous exposure of cotinine has more potent effects on human RPE cell properties than nicotine. Human RPE cell line (ARPE-19) was treated continuously with 1-2 µM of nicotine and/or cotinine for 7 days. RPE cells treated with 2 μM cotinine and nicotine-cotinine mixture has lower MTT signals without significant changes in cell apoptosis or integrity. Moreover, RPE cell migration was retarded under cotinine treatments, but not nicotine. Both nicotine and cotinine treatments attenuated the phagocytotic activity of RPE cells. In addition, cotinine and nicotine-cotinine mixture suppressed VEGF and IL-8 expression and upregulated TIMP-2 expression. Expressions of autophagy genes were upregulated by the cotinine treatment, whereas expressions of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers were downregulated. In conclusion, our study, for the first time, demonstrated that cotinine, rather than nicotine, affects the properties of RPE cells in vitro, which could explain the smoking-induced RPE pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China.,Shenyang Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenyang, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Mårten Erik Brelén
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Ping Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China.,Shenyang Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenyang, China
| | - Jasmine Sum Yee Yung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Di Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shaodan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China.,Shenyang Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenyang, China
| | - Sun On Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Potential of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor PET imaging in atherosclerosis. Methods 2017; 130:90-104. [PMID: 28602809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic events are usually acute and often strike otherwise asymptomatic patients. Although multiple clinical risk factors have been associated with atherosclerosis, as of yet no further individual prediction can be made as to who will suffer from its consequences based on biomarker analysis or traditional imaging methods like CT, MRI or angiography. Previously, non-invasive imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET was shown to potentially fill this niche as it offers high sensitive detection of metabolic processes associated with inflammatory changes in atherosclerotic plaques. However, 18F-FDG PET imaging of arterial vessels suffers from non-specificity and has still to be proven to reliably identify vulnerable plaques, carrying a high risk of rupture. Therefore, it may be regarded only as a secondary marker for monitoring treatment effects and it does not offer alternative treatment options or direct insight in treatment mechanisms. In this review, an overview is given of the current status and the potential of PET imaging of inflammation and angiogenesis in atherosclerosis in general and special emphasis is given to imaging of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7 nAChRs). Due to the gaps that still exist in our understanding of atherogenesis and the limitations of the available PET tracers, the search continues for a more specific radioligand, able to differentiate between stable atherosclerosis and plaques prone to rupture. The potential role of the α7 nAChR as imaging marker for plaque vulnerability is explored. Today, strong evidence exists that nAChRs are involved in the atherosclerotic disease process. They are suggested to mediate the deleterious effects of the major tobacco component, nicotine, a nAChR agonist. Mainly based on in vitro data, α7 nAChR stimulation might increase plaque burden via increased neovascularization. However, in animal studies, α7 nAChR manipulation appears to reduce plaque size due to its inhibitory effects on inflammatory cells. Thus, reliable identification of α7 nAChRs by in vivo imaging is crucial to investigate the exact role of α7 nAChR in atherosclerosis before any therapeutic approach in the human setting can be justified. In this review, we discuss the first experience with α7 nAChR PET tracers and developmental considerations regarding the "optimal" PET tracer to image vascular nAChRs.
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Pope CA, Bhatnagar A, McCracken JP, Abplanalp W, Conklin DJ, O'Toole T. Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution Is Associated With Endothelial Injury and Systemic Inflammation. Circ Res 2016; 119:1204-1214. [PMID: 27780829 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Epidemiological evidence indicates that exposures to fine particulate matter air pollution (PM2.5) contribute to global burden of disease, primarily as a result of increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, mechanisms by which PM2.5 exposure induces cardiovascular injury remain unclear. PM2.5-induced endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation have been implicated, but direct evidence is lacking. OBJECTIVE To examine whether acute exposure to PM2.5 is associated with endothelial injury and systemic inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS Blood was collected from healthy, nonsmoking, young adults during 3 study periods that included episodes of elevated PM2.5 levels. Microparticles and immune cells in blood were measured by flow cytometry, and plasma cytokine/growth factors were measured using multiplexing laser beads. PM2.5 exposure was associated with the elevated levels of endothelial microparticles (annexin V+/CD41-/CD31+), including subtypes expressing arterial-, venous-, and lung-specific markers, but not microparticles expressing CD62+. These changes were accompanied by suppressed circulating levels of proangiogenic growth factors (EGF [epidermal growth factor], sCD40L [soluble CD40 ligand], PDGF [platelet-derived growth factor], RANTES [regulated on activation, normal T-cell-expressed and secreted], GROα [growth-regulated protein α], and VEGF [vascular endothelial growth factor]), and an increase in the levels of antiangiogenic (TNFα [tumor necrosis factor α], IP-10 [interferon γ-induced protein 10]), and proinflammatory cytokines (MCP-1 [monocyte chemoattractant protein 1], MIP-1α/β [macrophage inflammatory protein 1α/β], IL-6 [interleukin 6], and IL-1β [interleukin 1β]), and markers of endothelial adhesion (sICAM-1 [soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1] and sVCAM-1 [soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1]). PM2.5 exposure was also associated with an inflammatory response characterized by elevated levels of circulating CD14+, CD16+, CD4+, and CD8+, but not CD19+ cells. CONCLUSIONS Episodic PM2.5 exposures are associated with increased endothelial cell apoptosis, an antiangiogenic plasma profile, and elevated levels of circulating monocytes and T, but not B, lymphocytes. These changes could contribute to the pathogenic sequelae of atherogenesis and acute coronary events.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Arden Pope
- From the Department of Economics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT (C.A.P.); and Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY (A.B., J.P.M., W.A., D.J.C., T.O.).
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- From the Department of Economics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT (C.A.P.); and Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY (A.B., J.P.M., W.A., D.J.C., T.O.)
| | - James P McCracken
- From the Department of Economics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT (C.A.P.); and Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY (A.B., J.P.M., W.A., D.J.C., T.O.)
| | - Wesley Abplanalp
- From the Department of Economics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT (C.A.P.); and Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY (A.B., J.P.M., W.A., D.J.C., T.O.)
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- From the Department of Economics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT (C.A.P.); and Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY (A.B., J.P.M., W.A., D.J.C., T.O.)
| | - Timothy O'Toole
- From the Department of Economics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT (C.A.P.); and Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY (A.B., J.P.M., W.A., D.J.C., T.O.)
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Chromosome 15q25 (CHRNA3-CHRNB4) Variation Indirectly Impacts Lung Cancer Risk in Chinese Males. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149946. [PMID: 26942719 PMCID: PMC4778880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Caucasian populations have identified an association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CHRNA5-A3-B4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene cluster on chromosome 15q25, lung cancer risk and smoking behaviors. However, these SNPs are rare in Asians, and there is currently no consensus on whether SNPs in CHRNA5-A3-B4 have a direct or indirect carcinogenic effect through smoking behaviors on lung cancer risk. Though some studies confirmed rs6495308 polymorphisms to be associated with smoking behaviors and lung cancer, no research was conducted in China. Using a case-control study, we decided to investigate the associations between CHRNA3 rs6495308, CHRNB4 rs11072768, smoking behaviors and lung cancer risk, as well as explore whether the two SNPs have a direct or indirect carcinogenic effect on lung cancer. Methods A total of 1025 males were interviewed using a structured questionnaire (204 male lung cancer patients and 821 healthy men) to acquire socio-demographic status and smoking behaviors. Venous blood samples were collected to measure rs6495308 and rs11072768 gene polymorphisms. All subjects were divided into 3 groups: non-smokers, light smokers (1–15 cigarettes per day) and heavy smokers (>15 cigarettes per day). Results Compared to wild genotype, rs6495308 and rs11072768 variant genotypes reported smoking more cigarettes per day and a higher pack-years of smoking (P<0.05). More importantly, among smokers, both rs6495308 CT/TT and rs11072768 GT/GG had a higher risk of lung cancer compared to wild genotype without adjusting for potential confounding factors (OR = 1.36, 95%CI = 1.09–1.95; OR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.07–1.58 respectively). Furthermore, heavy smokers with rs6495308 or rs11072768 variant genotypes have a positive interactive effect on lung cancer after adjustment for potential confounding factors (OR = 1.13, 95%CI = 1.01–3.09; OR = 1.09, 95%CI = 1.01–3.41 respectively). However, No significant associations were found between lung cancer risk and both rs6495308 and rs11072768 genotypes among non-smokers and smokers after adjusting for age, occupation, and education. Conclusion This study confirmed both rs6495308 and rs11072768 gene polymorphisms association with smoking behaviors and had an indirect link between gene polymorphisms and lung cancer risk.
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Zhang Y, Ma A, Wang L, Zhao B. Nornicotine and Nicotine Induced Neovascularization via Increased VEGF/PEDF Ratio. Ophthalmic Res 2015; 55:1-9. [PMID: 26536586 DOI: 10.1159/000440847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the influences of nornicotine and nicotine (NT) in cigarette smoke on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in retinal pigment epithelium cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Furthermore, the angiogenic behaviors of endothelial cells under nornicotine and NT treatment were assessed by using in vitro methods. METHODS ARPE-19 cells and HUVECs were treated with different concentrations of either nornicotine or NT for different periods of time. The cell proliferative effect was investigated by using the method of MTT analysis. HUVEC migration and tube formation were assessed by using the scratch assay and Matrigel models. The expressions of VEGF and PEDF gene and protein in both types of cells were examined by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS There was no proliferation of ARPE-19 cells following treatment with various concentrations of nornicotine or NT. In contrast, nornicotine or NT significantly stimulated HUVEC proliferation, migration and tube formation. Nornicotine and NT upregulated the expression of VEGF but suppressed the expression of PEDF at both mRNA and protein levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner in ARPE-19 cells and HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that nornicotine and NT promoted endothelial cellular proliferation, migration and tube formation of HUVECs in vitro. These effects might be partly due to simultaneous modulation of VEGF/PEDF signaling in ARPE-19 cells and HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
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Hu Y, Chen G. Pathogenic mechanisms of lung adenocarcinoma in smokers and non-smokers determined by gene expression interrogation. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:1350-1370. [PMID: 26622675 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the leading risk factor for lung cancer, which accounts for the highest number of cancer-related mortalities worldwide in men and women. Individuals with a history of smoking are 15-30 times more likely to develop lung cancer compared with those who do not smoke. However, our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms that contribute to lung tumorigenesis in smokers versus non-smokers remains incomplete. In order to investigate such mechanisms, the present study aimed to systemically interrogate microarray datasets from tumor biopsies and matching normal tissues from stage I and II lung adenocarcinoma patients who had never smoked or were current smokers. The gene expression analysis identified 422 (99 upregulated and 323 downregulated) and 534 (174 upregulated and 360 downregulated) differentially-expressed genes from the never-smokers and current smokers, respectively, and the two groups shared 277 genes that exhibited similar trends of alteration. These genes encode regulators that are involved in a variety of cellular functions, including collagen metabolism and homeostasis of caveolae plasma membranes. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes characterization indicated that biological pathways, including extracellular matrix-receptor interaction and cell migration and proliferation, were all affected in the lung cancer patients regardless of the smoking status. However, smoking induced a unique gene expression pattern characterized by upregulation of cell cycle regulators (CDK1, CCNB1 and CDC20), as well as significantly affected biological networks, including p53 signaling pathways. Taken together, these findings suggest novel mechanistic insights, and provide an improved understanding of the smoking-induced molecular alterations that contribute to the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqian Hu
- Department of Respiration, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Guohan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
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Lu G, Dong Y, Zhang Q, Jiao L, Yang S, Shen B. Predictive value of vascular endothelial growth factor polymorphisms on the risk of renal cell carcinomas: a case-control study. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:8645-52. [PMID: 26044558 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted this case-control study to assess the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) -2578C/A, +460T/C, +1612G/A, +936C/T, and -634G/C polymorphisms in the development of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and analyzed the association of gene polymorphisms with demographic and clinical characteristics of RCC. This study included 412 consecutive primary RCC patients and 824 controls. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed to detect VEGF -2578C/A, +460T/C, +1612G/A, +936C/T, and -634G/C polymorphisms. Compared with the control subjects, the RCC cancer cases were more likely to have a habit of cigarette smoking, and suffered from hypertension and diabetes. Conditional logistic regression analysis showed that individuals carrying the AA genotype of -2578C/A were more likely to greatly increase risk of RCC, and the CC genotype of +460T/C revealed a significant association with increased risk of RCC. The CA + AA genotype of -2578C/A had a significantly increased risk of RCC in ever cigarette smokers, and individuals who suffered from hypertension and diabetes. TC + CC genotype of +460T/C was significantly associated with the elevated risk of RCC in those suffered from hypertension and diabetes. Our study suggests that -2578C/A and +460T/C polymorphisms of VEGF modulate the risk of developing RCC in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjian Lu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China.
| | - Yuqian Dong
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China.
| | - Qunmei Zhang
- Blood Transfusion Room, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China.
| | - Luyang Jiao
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China.
| | - Shujuan Yang
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Beili Shen
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
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Carnero A, Blanco-Aparicio C, Kondoh H, Lleonart ME, Martinez-Leal JF, Mondello C, Ivana Scovassi A, Bisson WH, Amedei A, Roy R, Woodrick J, Colacci A, Vaccari M, Raju J, Al-Mulla F, Al-Temaimi R, Salem HK, Memeo L, Forte S, Singh N, Hamid RA, Ryan EP, Brown DG, Wise JP, Wise SS, Yasaei H. Disruptive chemicals, senescence and immortality. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S19-37. [PMID: 26106138 PMCID: PMC4565607 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is thought to be a multistep process, with clonal evolution playing a central role in the process. Clonal evolution involves the repeated 'selection and succession' of rare variant cells that acquire a growth advantage over the remaining cell population through the acquisition of 'driver mutations' enabling a selective advantage in a particular micro-environment. Clonal selection is the driving force behind tumorigenesis and possesses three basic requirements: (i) effective competitive proliferation of the variant clone when compared with its neighboring cells, (ii) acquisition of an indefinite capacity for self-renewal, and (iii) establishment of sufficiently high levels of genetic and epigenetic variability to permit the emergence of rare variants. However, several questions regarding the process of clonal evolution remain. Which cellular processes initiate carcinogenesis in the first place? To what extent are environmental carcinogens responsible for the initiation of clonal evolution? What are the roles of genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens in carcinogenesis? What are the underlying mechanisms responsible for chemical carcinogen-induced cellular immortality? Here, we explore the possible mechanisms of cellular immortalization, the contribution of immortalization to tumorigenesis and the mechanisms by which chemical carcinogens may contribute to these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amancio Carnero
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +34955923111; Fax: +34955923101;
| | - Carmen Blanco-Aparicio
- Spanish National Cancer Research Center, Experimental Therapuetics Department, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hiroshi Kondoh
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Matilde E. Lleonart
- Institut De Recerca Hospital Vall D’Hebron, Passeig Vall d’Hebron, 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Chiara Mondello
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A. Ivana Scovassi
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - William H. Bisson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Italy, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Annamaria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | | | - Hosni K. Salem
- Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Advanced Research, King George’s Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Roslida A. Hamid
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Dustin G. Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - John Pierce Wise
- The Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Maine Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, Department of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth Street, Portland, ME 04104, USA and
| | - Sandra S. Wise
- The Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Maine Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, Department of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth Street, Portland, ME 04104, USA and
| | - Hemad Yasaei
- Brunel Institute of Cancer Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Health and Environment Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
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Fagan P, Moolchan ET, Pokhrel P, Herzog T, Cassel KD, Pagano I, Franke AA, Kaholokula JK, Sy A, Alexander LA, Trinidad DR, Sakuma KL, Johnson CA, Antonio A, Jorgensen D, Lynch T, Kawamoto C, Clanton MS. Biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure in racial/ethnic groups at high risk for lung cancer. Am J Public Health 2015; 105:1237-45. [PMID: 25880962 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure among Native Hawaiians, Filipinos, and Whites, groups that have different lung cancer risk. METHODS We collected survey data and height, weight, saliva, and carbon monoxide (CO) levels from a sample of daily smokers aged 18-35 (n = 179). Mean measures of nicotine, cotinine, cotinine/cigarettes per day ratio, trans 3' hydroxycotinine, the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), and expired CO were compared among racial/ethnic groups. RESULTS The geometric means for cotinine, the cotinine/cigarettes per day ratio, and CO did not significantly differ among racial/ethnic groups in the adjusted models. After adjusting for gender, body mass index, menthol smoking, Hispanic ethnicity, and number of cigarettes smoked per day, the NMR was significantly higher among Whites than among Native Hawaiians and Filipinos (NMR = 0.33, 0.20, 0.19, P ≤ .001). The NMR increased with increasing White parental ancestry. The NMR was not significantly correlated with social-environmental stressors. CONCLUSIONS Racial/ethnic groups with higher rates of lung cancer had slower nicotine metabolism than Whites. The complex relationship between lung cancer risk and nicotine metabolism among racial/ethnic groups needs further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pebbles Fagan
- Pebbles Fagan, Pallav Pokhrel, Thaddeus Herzog, Kevin D. Cassel, Ian Pagano, Adrian A. Franke, Alyssa Antonio, Dorothy Jorgensen, Tania Lynch, and Crissy Kawamoto are with the University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu. Eric T. Moolchan is an independent consultant, Cambridge, MA. Joseph Keawe'aimoku Kaholokula is with the John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa. Angela Sy is with the School of Nursing and Dental Hygiene, University of Hawaii at Manoa. Linda A. Alexander is with the University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington. Dennis R. Trinidad and C. Anderson Johnson are with the School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, CA. Kari-Lyn Sakuma is with the College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis. Mark S. Clanton is with the TMF Health Quality Institute, Austin, TX
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Králíková E, Kmeťová A, Štěpánková L, Zvolská K, Felbrová V, Kulovaná S, Bortlíček Z, Blaha M, Fraser K. Tobacco dependence, the most important cardiovascular risk factor: treatment in the Czech Republic. Physiol Res 2014; 63:S361-8. [PMID: 25428741 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is the most important cardiovascular (CV) risk factor. Stopping smoking halves the CV risk. Every clinician should provide a brief intervention with smokers. Intensive treatment should be available to those who need it. There are 37 Centers for Tobacco Dependence in the Czech Republic, which offer treatment including a psychobehavioral intervention and pharmacotherapy (varenicline, nicotine, bupropion). Czech physicians, pharmacists and nurses are regularly educated about smoking cessation. We describe the results of intensive treatment offered by our centers. Treatment includes screening (1 h), an intervention (2 h), and follow-up visits during the next 12 months. Among 3532 patients, 34.3 % had CO-validated abstinence at 12-months (including 489 patients who attended the screening visit + only the 12-month follow up visit). Among patients who underwent the intervention, the abstinence rate was 38.2 %. The majority of patients who underwent the intervention (N=2470) used some form of pharmacotherapy. After one year, the abstinence rate was 43.4 %, compared to 15.9 % (N=573) without pharmacotherapy. Only 28 % of patients came on the recommendation of a physician. Despite the decrease in CV risk following smoking cessation and the effectiveness of treatment, centers are underutilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Králíková
- Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Courtenay MD, Cade W, Schwartz SG, Kovach JL, Agarwal A, Wang G, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA, Scott WK. Set-based joint test of interaction between SNPs in the VEGF pathway and exogenous estrogen finds association with age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:IOVS-14-14494. [PMID: 25015356 PMCID: PMC4126792 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose:Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible visual loss in developed countries. Its etiology includes genetic and environmental factors. Although VEGFA variants are associated with AMD, the joint action of variants within the VEGF pathway and their interaction with non-genetic factors has not been investigated. Methods:Affymetrix 6.0 chipsets were used to genotype 668,238 SNPs in 1,207 AMD cases and 686 controls. Environmental exposures were collected by questionnaire. A set-based test was conducted using the chi-square statistic at each SNP derived from Kraft's 2df joint test. Pathway and gene-based test statistics were calculated as the mean of all independent SNP statistics. Phenotype labels were permuted 10,000 times to generate an empirical p-value. Results: While a main effect of the VEGF pathway was not identified, the pathway was associated with neovascular AMD in women when accounting for birth control pill (BCP) use (P= 0.017). Analysis of VEGF's subpathways found that SNPs in the Proliferation subpathway were associated with neovascular AMD (P=0.029) when accounting for BCP use. Nominally significant genes within this subpathway were also observed. Stratification by BCP use revealed novel significant genetic effects in women who had taken BCPs. Conclusions: These results illustrate that some AMD genetic risk factors may only be revealed when considering complex relationships among risk factors. This shows the utility of exploring pathways of previously associated genes to find novel effects. It also demonstrates the importance of incorporating environmental exposures in tests of genetic association at the SNP, gene, or pathway level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique D Courtenay
- Human Genetics and Genomics, University of Miami Miller School Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, United States
| | - William Cade
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10 Ave, BRB-314 (M860), Miami, Florida, 33136, United States
| | - Stephen G Schwartz
- Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Retina Center of Naples, 311 9th Street North, Naples, Florida, 34102, United States of America
| | - Jaclyn L Kovach
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 311 9th St N, Naples, FL, 34102, United States of America
| | - Anita Agarwal
- VEI, Vanderbilt University, 2311 Pierce avenue, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-8808, United States of America
| | - Gaofeng Wang
- Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue; BRB 525, Miami, Florida, 33136, United States
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, 2-529 Wolstein Research Building, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, United States
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, BRB-314 (M860), Miami, Florida, 33136, United States of America
| | - Wiliam K Scott
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10 Ave., Biomedical Research Building (BRB) # 414, Miami, Florida, 33136, United States
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Moreira DM, Aronson WJ, Terris MK, Kane CJ, Amling CL, Cooperberg MR, Boffetta P, Freedland SJ. Cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk of biochemical disease recurrence, metastasis, castration-resistant prostate cancer, and mortality after radical prostatectomy: results from the SEARCH database. Cancer 2014; 120:197-204. [PMID: 24127391 PMCID: PMC4149056 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study was conducted to analyze the association between cigarette smoking and metastasis (the primary outcome) as well as time to biochemical disease recurrence (BCR), metastasis, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), and prostate cancer-specific and overall mortality (secondary outcomes) after radical prostatectomy among men from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital cohort. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed of 1450 subjects for whom smoking status was available from preoperative notes. Analysis of baseline characteristics by smoking status was performed using the chi-square and rank sum tests. The association between smoking status and time to the event was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier plots, the log-rank test, and Cox and competing risk models. RESULTS A total of 549 men (33%) men were active smokers and 1121 (67%) were nonsmokers at the time of surgery. Current smokers were younger and had a lower body mass index, higher prostate-specific antigen level, and more extracapsular extension and seminal vesicle invasion (all P<.05). A total of 509 patients, 26 patients, 30 patients, 18 patients, and 217 patients, respectively, experienced BCR, metastasis, CRPC, prostate cancer-related death, and any-cause death over a median follow-up of 62 months, 75 months, 61 months, 78 months, and 78 months, respectively. After adjusting for preoperative features, active smoking was found to be associated with an increased risk of BCR (hazards ratio [HR], 1.25; P=.024), metastasis (HR, 2.64; P=.026), CRPC (HR, 2.62; P=.021), and overall mortality (HR, 2.14; P<.001). Similar results were noted after further adjustment for postoperative features, with the exception of BCR (HR, 1.10; P=.335), metastasis (HR, 2.51; P=.044), CRPC (HR, 2.67; P=.015), and death (HR, 2.03; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Among patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, cigarette smoking was associated with an increased risk of metastasis. In addition, smoking was associated with a higher risk of BCR, CRPC, and overall mortality. If confirmed, these data suggest that smoking is a modifiable risk factor in patients with aggressive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Moreira
- The Arthur Smith Institute for Urology, North Shore Long Island Jewish Health System, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - William J. Aronson
- Urology Section, Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Medical Center of Greater Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Urology, University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Martha K. Terris
- Urology Section, Division of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Christopher J. Kane
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of California at San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California
| | - Christopher L. Amling
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Matthew R. Cooperberg
- Department of Urology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Urology Section, Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Stephen J. Freedland
- Urology Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, and the Duke Prostate Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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Gao D, Li S. Stimuli-induced organ-specific injury enhancement of organotropic metastasis in a spatiotemporal regulation. Pathol Oncol Res 2013; 20:27-42. [PMID: 24357158 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-013-9734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between inflammation and tumorigenesis has been established. Recently, inflammation is also reported to be a drive force for cancer metastasis. Further evidences show that various stimuli directly induced-injury in a specific organ can also promote metastasis in this organ, which include epidemiological reports, clinical series and experimental studies. Each type of cancer has preferential sites for metastasis, which is also due to inflammatory factors that are released by primary cancer to act on these sites and indirectly induce injuries on them. Host factors such as stress,fever can also influence distant metastasis in a specific site through stimulation of immune and inflammatory effects. The five aspects support an idea that specific-organ injury directly induced by various stimuli or indirectly induced by primary tumor or host factors activation of proinflammatory modulators can promote metastasis in this organ through a spatiotemporal regulation, which has important implications for personalized prediction, prevention and management of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Gao
- , 536 Hospital of PLA, 29# Xiadu street, Xining, 810007, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China,
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Nicotine effect on inflammatory and growth factor responses in murine cutaneous wound healing. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:1155-64. [PMID: 24201082 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of nicotine in an experimental mouse model of cutaneous injury and healing responses, during the inflammatory phase of repair. Nicotine injection in full-thickness excisional skin wounds minimally affected inflammatory mediators like TNF, IL-6 and IL-12 while it induced a down-regulation in the expression of growth factors like VEGF, PDGF, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Analysis of wound closure rate indicated no significant differences between nicotine and saline injected controls. In-vitro studies using bone marrow derived macrophages, resident peritoneal macrophages and RAW 264.7 macrophages, indicated that nicotine down-regulates TNF production. Moreover, nicotine was shown to down-regulate VEGF, PDGF and TGF-β1 in both bone marrow derived macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells. Using an NF-κB luciferase reporter RAW 264.7 cell line, we show that nicotine effects are minimally dependent on NF-κB inhibition. Moreover, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit expression analyses indicated that while β2 nAChR subunit is expressed in mouse macrophages, α7 nAChR is not. In conclusion, while skin inflammatory parameters were not significantly affected by nicotine, a down-regulation of growth factor expression in both mouse skin and macrophages was observed. Reduced growth factor expression by nicotine might contribute, at least in part, to the overall detrimental effects of tobacco use in wound healing and skin diseases.
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Lin L, Cao K, Chen W, Pan X, Zhao H. Four common vascular endothelial growth factor polymorphisms (-2578C>A, -460C>T, +936C>T, and +405G>C) in susceptibility to lung cancer: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75123. [PMID: 24098368 PMCID: PMC3788083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the key initiators and regulators of angiogenesis and it plays a vital role in the onset and development of malignancy. The association between VEGF gene polymorphisms and lung cancer risk has been extensively studied in recent years, but currently available results remain controversial or ambiguous. The aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate the associations between four common VEGF polymorphisms (i.e., -2578C>A, -460C>T, +936C>T and +405C>G) and lung cancer risk. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted to identify all eligible studies to estimate the association between VEGF polymorphisms and lung cancer risk. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the strength of this association. RESULTS A total of 14 published case-control studies with 4,664 cases and 4,571 control subjects were identified. Our meta-analysis provides strong evidence that VEGF -2578C>A polymorphism is capable of increasing lung cancer susceptibility, especially among smokers and lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients. Additionally, for +936C>T polymorphism, increased lung cancer susceptibility was only observed among lung adenocarcinoma patients. In contrast, VEGF -460C>T polymorphism may be a protective factor among nonsmokers and SCC patients. Nevertheless, we did not find any association between +405C>G polymorphism and lung cancer risk, even when the groups were stratified by ethnicity, smoking status or histological type. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis recommends more investigations into the relationship between -2578C>A and -460C>T lung cancer risks. More detailed and well-designed studies should be conducted to identify the causal variants and the underlying mechanisms of the possible associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kejian Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhu Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xufeng Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Improgo MR, Soll LG, Tapper AR, Gardner PD. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediate lung cancer growth. Front Physiol 2013; 4:251. [PMID: 24062692 PMCID: PMC3774984 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels modulate ion flux across cell membranes, activate signal transduction pathways, and influence cellular transport—vital biological functions that are inexorably linked to cellular processes that go awry during carcinogenesis. Indeed, deregulation of ion channel function has been implicated in cancer-related phenomena such as unrestrained cell proliferation and apoptotic evasion. As the prototype for ligand-gated ion channels, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have been extensively studied in the context of neuronal cells but accumulating evidence also indicate a role for nAChRs in carcinogenesis. Recently, variants in the nAChR genes CHRNA3, CHRNA5, and CHRNB4 have been implicated in nicotine dependence and lung cancer susceptibility. Here, we silenced the expression of these three genes to investigate their function in lung cancer. We show that these genes are necessary for the viability of small cell lung carcinomas (SCLC), the most aggressive type of lung cancer. Furthermore, we show that nicotine promotes SCLC cell viability whereas an α3β4-selective antagonist, α-conotoxin AuIB, inhibits it. Our findings posit a mechanism whereby signaling via α3/α5/β4-containing nAChRs promotes lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Reina Improgo
- Department of Psychiatry, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, MA, USA
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Predictors of visual response to intravitreal bevacizumab for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. J Ophthalmol 2013; 2013:676049. [PMID: 24069533 PMCID: PMC3771417 DOI: 10.1155/2013/676049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To identify the predictors of visual response to the bevacizumab treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Design. A cohort study within the Neovascular AMD Treatment Trial Using Bevacizumab (NATTB). Methods. This was a multicenter trial including 144 participants from the NATTB study. Visual outcomes measured by change in visual acuity (VA) score, proportion gaining ≥15 letters, and change in central retinal thickness (CRT) were compared among groups according to the baseline, demographic, and ocular characteristics and genotypes. Results. Mean change in the VA score was 9.2 ± 2.3 SD letters with a total of 46 participants (31.9%) gaining ≥15 letters. Change in median CRT was −81.5 μm. Younger age, lower baseline VA score, shorter duration of neovascular AMD, and TT genotype in rs10490924 were significantly associated with greater VA score improvement (P = 0.028, P < 0.001, P = 0.02, and P = 0.039, resp.). Lower baseline VA score and TT genotype in rs10490924 were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of gaining ≥15 letters (P = 0.028, and P = 0.021, resp.). Conclusions. Baseline VA and genotype of rs10490924 were both important predictors for visual response to bevacizumab at 6 months. This trial is registered with the Registration no. NCT01306591.
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Tonini G, D’Onofrio L, Dell’Aquila E, Pezzuto A. New molecular insights in tobacco-induced lung cancer. Future Oncol 2013; 9:649-55. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We know that cigarette smoking is a leading preventable cause of carcinogenesis in lung cancer. Cigarette smoke is a mixture of more than 5000 chemical compounds, among which more than 60 are recognized to have a specific carcinogenic potential. Carcinogens and their metabolites (i.e., N-nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) can activate multiple pathways, contributing to lung cell transformation in different ways. Nicotine, originally thought only to be responsible for tobacco addiction, is also involved in tumor promotion and progression with antiapoptotic and indirect mitogenic properties. Lung nodules are frequent in smokers and can be transformed into malignant tumors depending on persistant smoking status. Even if detailed mechanisms underlying tobacco-induced cancerogenesis are not completely elucitated, this report collects the emergent body of knowledge in order to simplify the extremely complex framework that links smoking exposure to lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Tonini
- Department of Oncology, University Campus Bio-Medico Roma, Rome, Italy,
| | - Loretta D’Onofrio
- Department of Oncology, University Campus Bio-Medico Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Aldo Pezzuto
- Department of Pneumology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Lee S, Song SJ, Yu HG. Current smoking is associated with a poor visual acuity improvement after intravitreal ranibizumab therapy in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration. J Korean Med Sci 2013; 28:769-74. [PMID: 23678271 PMCID: PMC3653092 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2013.28.5.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the risk factors that may influence visual improvement after intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) treatment for exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) were examined. From 2008 to 2012, 420 patients (448 eyes) with exudative AMD were prospectively registered at Seoul National University Hospital. From this group of patients, 125 eyes were included in this study. All patients were treated with 3 consecutive IVR injections. The visual acuity (VA) was evaluated at baseline and 1 month after the third ranibizumab injection. To evaluate the risk factors associated with VA improvement after IVR, patient demographic data and systemic risk factors were analyzed. Patients were divided into a poor VA improvement group and a good VA improvement group, with reference to the median visual improvement in all eyes. Among 125 eyes, 66 eyes (52.8%) were included in the responder group and 59 eyes (47.2%) in the non-responder group. The median VA improvement after 3 monthly ranibizumab injections was -0.05 logMAR. Multivariate analyses revealed that current smoking (adjusted OR, 7.540; 95% CI, 1.732-32.823) was independently associated with poor VA improvement after IVR treatment for exudative AMD. In conclusion, cigarette smoking is an independent risk factor for lower VA gains with IVR treatment for exudative AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmoon Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jeong Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeong Gon Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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