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Li T, Chiang JYL. Bile Acid Signaling in Metabolic and Inflammatory Diseases and Drug Development. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:1221-1253. [PMID: 38977324 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.124.000978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acids are the end products of cholesterol catabolism. Hepatic bile acid synthesis accounts for a major fraction of daily cholesterol turnover in humans. Biliary secretion of bile acids generates bile flow and facilitates biliary secretion of lipids, endogenous metabolites, and xenobiotics. In intestine, bile acids facilitate the digestion and absorption of dietary lipids and fat-soluble vitamins. Through activation of nuclear receptors and G protein-coupled receptors and interaction with gut microbiome, bile acids critically regulate host metabolism and innate and adaptive immunity and are involved in the pathogenesis of cholestasis, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, alcohol-associated liver disease, type-2 diabetes, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Bile acids and their derivatives have been developed as potential therapeutic agents for treating chronic metabolic and inflammatory liver diseases and gastrointestinal disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Bile acids facilitate biliary cholesterol solubilization and dietary lipid absorption, regulate host metabolism and immunity, and modulate gut microbiome. Targeting bile acid metabolism and signaling holds promise for treating metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiangang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (T.L.); and Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio (J.Y.L.C.)
| | - John Y L Chiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (T.L.); and Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio (J.Y.L.C.)
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Khan F, Elsori D, Verma M, Pandey S, Obaidur Rab S, Siddiqui S, Alabdallah NM, Saeed M, Pandey P. Unraveling the intricate relationship between lipid metabolism and oncogenic signaling pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1399065. [PMID: 38933330 PMCID: PMC11199418 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1399065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipids, the primary constituents of the cell membrane, play essential roles in nearly all cellular functions, such as cell-cell recognition, signaling transduction, and energy provision. Lipid metabolism is necessary for the maintenance of life since it regulates the balance between the processes of synthesis and breakdown. Increasing evidence suggests that cancer cells exhibit abnormal lipid metabolism, significantly affecting their malignant characteristics, including self-renewal, differentiation, invasion, metastasis, and drug sensitivity and resistance. Prominent oncogenic signaling pathways that modulate metabolic gene expression and elevate metabolic enzyme activity include phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, MAPK, NF-kB, Wnt, Notch, and Hippo pathway. Conversely, when metabolic processes are not regulated, they can lead to malfunctions in cellular signal transduction pathways. This, in turn, enables uncontrolled cancer cell growth by providing the necessary energy, building blocks, and redox potentials. Therefore, targeting lipid metabolism-associated oncogenic signaling pathways could be an effective therapeutic approach to decrease cancer incidence and promote survival. This review sheds light on the interactions between lipid reprogramming and signaling pathways in cancer. Exploring lipid metabolism as a target could provide a promising approach for creating anticancer treatments by identifying metabolic inhibitors. Additionally, we have also provided an overview of the drugs targeting lipid metabolism in cancer in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Khan
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deena Elsori
- Faculty of Resilience, Rabdan Academy, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Meenakshi Verma
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Shivam Pandey
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Safia Obaidur Rab
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samra Siddiqui
- Department of Health Service Management, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Hail, Haʼil, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadiyah M. Alabdallah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Basic and Applied Scientific Research Centre, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Haʼil, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pratibha Pandey
- Chitkara Centre for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
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Zhao Z, Xiang X, Chen Q, Du J, Zhu S, Xu X, Shen Y, Wen S, Li Y, Xu W, Mai K, Ai Q. Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1: A Mediator for High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Gluconeogenesis and Glucose Intolerance in Fish. J Nutr 2024; 154:1505-1516. [PMID: 38460786 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) 1 is considered to be a crucial regulator for lipid synthesis in vertebrates. However, whether SREBP1 could regulate hepatic gluconeogenesis under high-fat diet (HFD) condition is still unknown, and the underlying mechanism is also unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine gluconeogenesis-related gene and protein expressions in response to HFD in large yellow croaker and explore the role and mechanism of SREBP1 in regulating the related transcription and signaling. METHODS Croakers (mean weight, 15.61 ± 0.10 g) were fed with diets containing 12% crude lipid [control diet (ND)] or 18% crude lipid (HFD) for 10 weeks. The glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, hepatic gluconeogenesis-related genes, and proteins expressions were determined. To explore the role of SREBP1 in HFD-induced gluconeogenesis, SREBP1 was inhibited by pharmacologic inhibitor (fatostatin) or genetic knockdown in croaker hepatocytes under palmitic acid (PA) condition. To explore the underlying mechanism, luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were conducted in HEK293T cells. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance or Student t test. RESULTS Compared with ND, HFD increased the mRNA expressions of gluconeogenesis genes (2.40-fold to 2.60-fold) (P < 0.05) and reduced protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation levels (0.28-fold to 0.34-fold) (P < 0.05) in croakers. However, inhibition of SREBP1 by fatostatin addition or SREBP1 knockdown reduced the mRNA expressions of gluconeogenesis genes (P < 0.05) and increased AKT phosphorylation levels (P < 0.05) in hepatocytes, compared with that by PA treatment. Moreover, fatostatin addition or SREBP1 knockdown also increased the mRNA expressions of irs1 (P < 0.05) and reduced serine phosphorylation of IRS1 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, SREBP1 inhibited IRS1 transcriptions by binding to its promoter and induced IRS1 serine phosphorylation by activating diacylglycerol-protein kinase Cε signaling. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the role of SREBP1 in hepatic gluconeogenesis under HFD condition in croakers, which may provide a potential strategy for improving HFD-induced glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jianlong Du
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Si Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yanan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shunlang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yueru Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Li H, Zeng Y, Wang G, Zhang K, Gong W, Li Z, Tian J, Xia Y, Xie W, Xie J, Xie S, Yu E. Betaine improves appetite regulation and glucose-lipid metabolism in mandarin fish ( Siniperca chuatsi) fed a high-carbohydrate-diet by regulating the AMPK/mTOR signaling. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28423. [PMID: 38623237 PMCID: PMC11016588 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Diets with high carbohydrate (HC) was reported to have influence on appetite and intermediary metabolism in fish. To illustrate whether betaine could improve appetite and glucose-lipid metabolism in aquatic animals, mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) were fed with the HC diets with or without betaine for 8 weeks. The results suggested that betaine enhanced feed intake by regulating the hypothalamic appetite genes. The HC diet-induced downregulation of AMPK and appetite genes was also positively correlated with the decreased autophagy genes, suggesting a possible mechanism that AMPK/mTOR signaling might regulate appetite through autophagy. The HC diet remarkably elevated transcriptional levels of genes related to lipogenesis, while betaine alleviated the HC-induced hepatic lipid deposition. Additionally, betaine supplementation tended to store the energy storage as hepatic glycogen. Our findings proposed the possible mechanism for appetite regulation through autophagy via AMPK/mTOR, and demonstrated the feasibility of betaine as an aquafeed additive to regulate appetite and intermediary metabolism in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, CAS, China
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Formula Feed (Fujian Tianma Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd.), Fuqing, 350308, China
| | - Yanzhi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Guangjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Wangbao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Zhifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Wenping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Shouqi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, CAS, China
| | - Ermeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
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Rochowski MT, Jayathilake K, Balcerak JM, Selvan MT, Gunasekara S, Miller C, Rudd JM, Lacombe VA. Impact of Delta SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Glucose Metabolism: Insights on Host Metabolism and Virus Crosstalk in a Feline Model. Viruses 2024; 16:295. [PMID: 38400070 PMCID: PMC10893195 DOI: 10.3390/v16020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes enhanced mortality in people with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Other highly infectious RNA viruses have demonstrated dependence on glucose transport and utilization, so we hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 infection could lead to alterations in cellular and whole-body glucose metabolism. Twenty-four healthy domestic cats were intratracheally inoculated with B.1.617.2 (delta) SARS-CoV-2 and samples were collected at 4- and 12-days post-inoculation (dpi). Blood glucose and circulating cortisol concentrations were elevated at 4 and 12 dpi. Serum insulin concentration was statistically significantly decreased, while angiotensin 2 concentration was elevated at 12 dpi. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the pancreas and skeletal muscle at low levels; however, no change in the number of insulin-producing cells or proinflammatory cytokines was observed in the pancreas of infected cats through 12 dpi. SARS-CoV-2 infection statistically significantly increased GLUT protein expression in both the heart and lungs, correlating with increased AMPK expression. In brief, SARS-CoV-2 increased blood glucose concentration and cardio-pulmonary GLUT expression through an AMPK-dependent mechanism, without affecting the pancreas, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 induces the reprogramming of host glucose metabolism. A better understanding of host cell metabolism and virus crosstalk could lead to the discovery of novel metabolic therapeutic targets for patients affected by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Rochowski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.R.)
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kaushalya Jayathilake
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.R.)
| | - John-Michael Balcerak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.R.)
| | - Miruthula Tamil Selvan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.S.); (S.G.); (C.M.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Sachithra Gunasekara
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.S.); (S.G.); (C.M.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Craig Miller
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.S.); (S.G.); (C.M.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Jennifer M. Rudd
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.S.); (S.G.); (C.M.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Véronique A. Lacombe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.R.)
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Hasan A, Khan NA, Uddin S, Khan AQ, Steinhoff M. Deregulated transcription factors in the emerging cancer hallmarks. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 98:31-50. [PMID: 38123029 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Cancer progression is a multifaceted process that entails several stages and demands the persistent expression or activation of transcription factors (TFs) to facilitate growth and survival. TFs are a cluster of proteins with DNA-binding domains that attach to promoter or enhancer DNA strands to start the transcription of genes by collaborating with RNA polymerase and other supporting proteins. They are generally acknowledged as the major regulatory molecules that coordinate biological homeostasis and the appropriate functioning of cellular components, subsequently contributing to human physiology. TFs proteins are crucial for controlling transcription during the embryonic stage and development, and the stability of different cell types depends on how they function in different cell types. The development and progression of cancer cells and tumors might be triggered by any anomaly in transcription factor function. It has long been acknowledged that cancer development is accompanied by the dysregulated activity of TF alterations which might result in faulty gene expression. Recent studies have suggested that dysregulated transcription factors play a major role in developing various human malignancies by altering and rewiring metabolic processes, modifying the immune response, and triggering oncogenic signaling cascades. This review emphasizes the interplay between TFs involved in metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming, evading immune attacks, cellular senescence, and the maintenance of cancer stemness in cancerous cells. The insights presented herein will facilitate the development of innovative therapeutic modalities to tackle the dysregulated transcription factors underlying cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adria Hasan
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India; Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Naushad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Surgery, Trauma and Vascular Surgery Clinical Research, Hamad General Hospital, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India; Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Abdul Q Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar.
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
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Stefanaki K, Ilias I, Paschou SA, Karagiannakis DS. Hepatokines: the missing link in the development of insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in PCOS? Hormones (Athens) 2023; 22:715-724. [PMID: 37704921 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-023-00487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The liver plays a critical role in several metabolic pathways, including the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, is closely associated with insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Hepatokines, newly discovered proteins secreted by hepatocytes, have been linked to the induction of these metabolic dysregulations. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, has been associated with NAFLD and IR, while hyperandrogenism additionally appears to be implicated in the pathogenesis of the latter. However, the potential role of hepatokines in the development of metabolic disorders in PCOS has not been fully investigated. Therefore, the aim of this review is to critically appraise the current evidence regarding the interplay of hepatokines with NAFLD, hyperandrogenism, and IR in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Stefanaki
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Alexandra" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ilias
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, "Elena Venizelou" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavroula A Paschou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Alexandra" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios S Karagiannakis
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Laiko" General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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Waldhart AN, Lau KH, Dykstra H, Avequin T, Wu N. Optimal HSF1 activation in response to acute cold stress in BAT requires nuclear TXNIP. iScience 2023; 26:106538. [PMID: 37168572 PMCID: PMC10164894 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
While TXNIP (thioredoxin interacting protein) in the plasma membrane and vesicular location is known to negatively regulate cellular glucose uptake by facilitating glucose transporter endocytosis, the function of TXNIP in the nucleus is far less understood. Herein, we sought to determine the function of nuclear TXNIP in vivo, using a new HA-tagged TXNIP knock-in mouse model. We observed that TXNIP can be found in the nucleus of a variety of cells from different tissues including hepatocytes (liver), enterocytes (small intestine), exocrine cells (pancreas), and brown adipocytes (BAT). Further investigations into the role of nuclear TXNIP in BAT revealed that cold stress rapidly and transiently activated HSF1 (heat shock factor 1). HSF1 interaction with TXNIP during its activation is required for optimal HSF1 directed cold shock response in BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kin H. Lau
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | | | | | - Ning Wu
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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Ahmed I, Ziab M, Da’as S, Hasan W, Jeya SP, Aliyev E, Nisar S, Bhat AA, Fakhro KA, Alshabeeb Akil AS. Network-based identification and prioritization of key transcriptional factors of diabetic kidney disease. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:716-730. [PMID: 36659918 PMCID: PMC9827363 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most established microvascular complications of diabetes and a key cause of end-stage renal disease. It is well established that gene susceptibility to DN plays a critical role in disease pathophysiology. Therefore, many genetic studies have been performed to categorize candidate genes in prominent diabetic cohorts, aiming to investigate DN pathogenesis and etiology. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis on the expression profiles of GSE1009, GSE30122, GSE96804, GSE99340, GSE104948, GSE104954, and GSE111154 to identify critical transcriptional factors associated with DN progression. The analysis was conducted for all individual datasets for each kidney tissue (glomerulus, tubules, and kidney cortex). We identified distinct clusters of susceptibility genes that were dysregulated in a renal compartment-specific pattern. Further, we recognized a small but a closely connected set of these susceptibility genes enriched for podocyte differentiation, several of which were characterized as genes encoding critical transcriptional factors (TFs) involved in DN development and podocyte function. To validate the role of identified TFs in DN progression, we functionally validated the three main TFs (DACH1, LMX1B, and WT1) identified through differential gene expression and network analysis using the hyperglycemic zebrafish model. We report that hyperglycemia-induced altered gene expression of the key TF genes leads to morphological abnormalities in zebrafish glomeruli, pronephric tubules, proximal and distal ducts. This study demonstrated that altered expression of these TF genes could be associated with hyperglycemia-induced nephropathy and, thus, aids in understanding the molecular drivers, essential genes, and pathways that trigger DN initiation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikhlak Ahmed
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes Prevention, Precision Medicine Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mubarak Ziab
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes Prevention, Precision Medicine Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sahar Da’as
- Zebrafish Functional Genomics, Integrated Genomic Services Core Facility, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Waseem Hasan
- Zebrafish Functional Genomics, Integrated Genomic Services Core Facility, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sujitha P. Jeya
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes Prevention, Precision Medicine Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Elbay Aliyev
- Human Genetics Department, Laboratory of Genomic Medicine-Precision Medicine Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes Prevention, Precision Medicine Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajaz A. Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes Prevention, Precision Medicine Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid Adnan Fakhro
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes Prevention, Precision Medicine Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
- Human Genetics Department, Laboratory of Genomic Medicine-Precision Medicine Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ammira S. Alshabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes Prevention, Precision Medicine Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- Human Genetics Department, Laboratory of Genomic Medicine-Precision Medicine Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
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10
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Elbekyan KS, Markarova EV, Unanyan LS, Diskaeva EI, Pervushin YV, Bidzhieva FA. Succinate dehydrogenase as a new target for melatonin binding in the complex diabetes mellitus treatment. RUDN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-3-221-231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Relevance. Alloxan, destroying the beta cells of the pancreas, provokes hyperglycemia, which causes a hypoenergetic state. Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus has been and remains the subject of numerous studies. Recently, the attention of researchers is increasingly attracted by the hormone of the pineal gland - melatonin, due to its biological and pharmacological properties. The aim of the study was to study the effect of melatonin on the activity of succinate dehydrogenase as a new target in experimental alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on male Wistar rats, with an average mass of 120-150 g, which were kept on a standard diet. The animals were divided into 4 groups. The control group was injected with saline solution, the second group was injected with melatonin at a dose of 1 mg/kg daily for 14 days, experimental diabetes in animals was simulated by intraperitoneal administration of alloxan at a dose of 150 mg/kg with diabetes. The fourth group of animals received melatonin on the background of alloxan. Succinate dehydrogenase activity was determined in liver and pancreatic tissues by photometric method. For the docking analysis, the AutoDock Vina and AutoDock Tools software packages were used. Results and Discussion. According to the results obtained, reciprocal relationships arise under the influence of alloxan in the activity of SDH in the liver and pancreas. Alloxan causes an increase in the activity of SDH in the liver by 1.9 times, and in the pancreatic tissue there is a significant decrease - by 5 times. The use of melatonin for animals with alloxan diabetes led to a decrease in the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in the liver by one and a half times in comparison with the indicators of rats with alloxan diabetes. In the pancreas, on the contrary, the activity of the enzyme increased by 3.3 times, which may indicate the restoration of the function of Langerhans beta cells. Conclusion. Melatonin blocking succinate dehydrogenase domain A reduces the hyperactivity of the enzyme in the liver, and in the pancreas through its specific receptors (MR1 and MR2) present on the surface of the membranes of β- and α-cells directly interferes with the function of the cellular elements of the islets of Langerhans, restoring them.
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11
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Maldonado-González M, Hernández-Nazara ZH, Torres-Castillo N, Martínez-López E, de la Cruz-Color L, Ruíz-Madrigal B. Association between the rs3812316 Single Nucleotide Variant of the MLXIPL Gene and Alpha-Linolenic Acid Intake with Triglycerides in Mexican Mestizo Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224726. [PMID: 36432414 PMCID: PMC9692638 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) is a key transcription factor to understand the gene−diet−nutrient relationship that leads to metabolic diseases. We aimed to analyze the association between the rs17145750 and rs3812316 SNVs (single nucleotide variants) of the MLXIPL gene with dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical variables in Mexican Mestizo subjects. This is a cross-sectional study of 587 individuals. Genotyping was performed by allelic discrimination. In addition, liver and adipose tissue biopsies were obtained from a subgroup of 24 subjects to analyze the expression of the MLXIPL gene. An in silico test of the protein stability and allelic imbalance showed that rs17145750 and rs3812316 showed a high rate of joint heritability in a highly conserved area. The G allele of rs3812316 was associated with lower triglyceride levels (OR = −0.070 ± 0.027, p < 0.011, 95% CI = −0.124 to −0.016), the production of an unstable protein (ΔΔG −0.83 kcal/mol), and probably lower tissue mRNA levels. In addition, we found independent factors that also influence triglyceride levels, such as insulin resistance, HDL-c, and dietary protein intake in women. Our data showed that the association of rs3812316 on triglycerides was only observed in patients with an inadequate alpha-linolenic acid intake (1.97 ± 0.03 vs. 2.11 ± 0.01 log mg/dL, p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Maldonado-González
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Microbiología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Zamira H. Hernández-Nazara
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Nathaly Torres-Castillo
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Erika Martínez-López
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Lucia de la Cruz-Color
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, División de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 47820, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Bertha Ruíz-Madrigal
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Microbiología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(33)10585200
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12
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Kant R, Manne RK, Anas M, Penugurti V, Chen T, Pan BS, Hsu CC, Lin HK. Deregulated transcription factors in cancer cell metabolisms and reprogramming. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1158-1174. [PMID: 36244530 PMCID: PMC11220368 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is an important cancer hallmark that plays a key role in cancer malignancies and therapy resistance. Cancer cells reprogram the metabolic pathways to generate not only energy and building blocks but also produce numerous key signaling metabolites to impact signaling and epigenetic/transcriptional regulation for cancer cell proliferation and survival. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which metabolic reprogramming is regulated in cancer may provide potential new strategies for cancer targeting. Recent studies suggest that deregulated transcription factors have been observed in various human cancers and significantly impact metabolism and signaling in cancer. In this review, we highlight the key transcription factors that are involved in metabolic control, dissect the crosstalk between signaling and transcription factors in metabolic reprogramming, and offer therapeutic strategies targeting deregulated transcription factors for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Kant
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Manne
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Mohammad Anas
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Vasudevarao Penugurti
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Tingjin Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Bo-Syong Pan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Che-Chia Hsu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
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13
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Yokoyama A, Suzuki S, Okamoto K, Sugawara A. The physiological and pathophysiological roles of carbohydrate response element binding protein in the kidney. Endocr J 2022; 69:605-612. [PMID: 35474028 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej22-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose is not only the energy fuel for most cells, but also the signaling molecule which affects gene expression via carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), a Mondo family transcription factor. In response to high glucose conditions, ChREBP regulates glycolytic and lipogenic genes by binding to carbohydrate response elements (ChoRE) in the regulatory region of its target genes, thus elucidating the role of ChREBP for converting excessively ingested carbohydrates to fatty acids as an energy storage in lipogenic tissues such as the liver and adipose tissue. While the pathophysiological roles of ChREBP for fatty liver and obesity in these tissues are well known, much of the physiological and pathophysiological roles of ChREBP in other tissues such as the kidney remains unclear despite its high levels of expression in them. This review will thus highlight the roles of ChREBP in the kidney and briefly introduce the latest research results that have been reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yokoyama
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Susumu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Akira Sugawara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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14
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Narimatsu Y, Iwakoshi-Ukena E, Naito M, Moriwaki S, Furumitsu M, Ukena K. Neurosecretory Protein GL Accelerates Liver Steatosis in Mice Fed Medium-Fat/Medium-Fructose Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042071. [PMID: 35216187 PMCID: PMC8876799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar consumption can readily lead to obesity and metabolic diseases such as liver steatosis. We previously demonstrated that a novel hypothalamic neuropeptide, neurosecretory protein GL (NPGL), promotes fat accumulation due to the ingestion of sugar by rats. However, differences in lipogenic efficiency of sugar types by NPGL remain unclear. The present study aimed to elucidate the obesogenic effects of NPGL on mice fed different sugars (i.e., sucrose or fructose). We overexpressed the NPGL-precursor gene (Npgl) in the hypothalamus of mice fed a medium-fat/medium-sucrose diet (MFSD) or a medium-fat/medium-fructose diet (MFFD). Food intake and body mass were measured for 28 days. Body composition and mRNA expression of lipid metabolic factors were measured at the endpoint. Npgl overexpression potently increased body mass with fat accumulation in the white adipose tissue of mice fed MFFD, although it did not markedly affect food intake. In contrast, we observed profound fat deposition in the livers of mice fed MFFD but not MFSD. In the liver, the mRNA expression of glucose and lipid metabolic factors was affected in mice fed MFFD. Hence, NPGL induced liver steatosis in mice fed a fructose-rich diet.
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15
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Sakiyama H, Li L, Inoue M, Eguchi H, Yoshihara D, Fujiwara N, Suzuki K. ChREBP deficiency prevents high sucrose diet-induced obesity through reducing sucrase expression. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 71:221-228. [DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Minako Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry, Hyogo College of Medicine
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16
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Wang S, Zhu Q, Liang G, Franks T, Boucher M, Bence KK, Lu M, Castorena CM, Zhao S, Elmquist JK, Scherer PE, Horton JD. Cannabinoid receptor-1 signaling in hepatocytes and stellate cells does not contribute to NAFLD. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e152242. [PMID: 34499619 DOI: 10.1172/jci152242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system regulates appetite and energy expenditure and inhibitors of the cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB-1) induce weight loss with improvement in components of the metabolic syndrome. While CB-1 blockage in brain is responsible for weight loss, many of the metabolic benefits associated with CB-1 blockade have been attributed to inhibition of CB-1 signaling in the periphery. As a result, there has been interest in developing a peripherally restricted CB-1 inhibitor for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that would lack the unwanted centrally mediated side effects. Here, we produced mice that lacked CB-1 receptors in hepatocytes or stellate cells to determine if CB-1 signaling contributes to the development of NAFLD or liver fibrosis. Deletion of CB-1 receptors in hepatocytes did not alter the development of NAFLD in mice fed a high sucrose high fat diet or high fat diet (HFD). Similarly, deletion of CB-1 deletion specifically in stellate cells also did not prevent the development of NAFLD in mice fed the HFD nor did it protect mice for carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced fibrosis. Combined, these studies do not support a direct role for hepatocyte or stellate cell CB-1 signaling in the development of NAFLD or liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
| | - Qingzhang Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
| | - Guosheng Liang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, United States of America
| | - Tania Franks
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, United States of America
| | - Magalie Boucher
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, United States of America
| | - Kendra K Bence
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, United States of America
| | - Mingjian Lu
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, United States of America
| | - Carlos M Castorena
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
| | - Shangang Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
| | - Joel K Elmquist
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
| | - Jay D Horton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
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17
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Waldhart AN, Muhire B, Johnson B, Pettinga D, Madaj ZB, Wolfrum E, Dykstra H, Wegert V, Pospisilik JA, Han X, Wu N. Excess dietary carbohydrate affects mitochondrial integrity as observed in brown adipose tissue. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109488. [PMID: 34348139 PMCID: PMC8449951 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia affects over 400 million individuals worldwide. The detrimental health effects are well studied at the tissue level, but the in vivo effects at the organelle level are poorly understood. To establish such an in vivo model, we used mice lacking TXNIP, a negative regulator of glucose uptake. Examining mitochondrial function in brown adipose tissue, we find that TXNIP KO mice have a lower content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in their membrane lipids, which affects mitochondrial integrity and electron transport chain efficiency and ultimately results in lower mitochondrial heat output. This phenotype can be rescued by a ketogenic diet, confirming the usefulness of this model and highlighting one facet of early cellular damage caused by excess glucose influx.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ben Johnson
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ning Wu
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
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18
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Simeone P, Tacconi S, Longo S, Lanuti P, Bravaccini S, Pirini F, Ravaioli S, Dini L, Giudetti AM. Expanding Roles of De Novo Lipogenesis in Breast Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3575. [PMID: 33808259 PMCID: PMC8036647 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, lipid metabolism has gained greater attention in several diseases including cancer. Dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism is a key component in breast cancer malignant transformation. In particular, de novo lipogenesis provides the substrate required by the proliferating tumor cells to maintain their membrane composition and energetic functions during enhanced growth. However, it appears that not all breast cancer subtypes depend on de novo lipogenesis for fatty acid replenishment. Indeed, while breast cancer luminal subtypes rely on de novo lipogenesis, the basal-like receptor-negative subtype overexpresses genes involved in the utilization of exogenous-derived fatty acids, in the synthesis of triacylglycerols and lipid droplets, and fatty acid oxidation. These metabolic differences are specifically associated with genomic and proteomic changes that can perturb lipogenic enzymes and related pathways. This behavior is further supported by the observation that breast cancer patients can be stratified according to their molecular profiles. Moreover, the discovery that extracellular vesicles act as a vehicle of metabolic enzymes and oncometabolites may provide the opportunity to noninvasively define tumor metabolic signature. Here, we focus on de novo lipogenesis and the specific differences exhibited by breast cancer subtypes and examine the functional contribution of lipogenic enzymes and associated transcription factors in the regulation of tumorigenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Simeone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.S.); (P.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano Tacconi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.T.); (S.L.)
| | - Serena Longo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.T.); (S.L.)
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.S.); (P.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Bravaccini
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.B.); (F.P.); (S.R.)
| | - Francesca Pirini
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.B.); (F.P.); (S.R.)
| | - Sara Ravaioli
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.B.); (F.P.); (S.R.)
| | - Luciana Dini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- CNR Nanotec, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Anna M. Giudetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.T.); (S.L.)
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19
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Hong H, Kim DH, Seo H, Kim KH, Kim KJ. Dual α-1,4- and β-1,4-Glycosidase Activities by the Novel Carbohydrate-Binding Module in α-l-Fucosidase from Vibrio sp. Strain EJY3. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3380-3389. [PMID: 33705122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c08199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are structurally and functionally diverse materials including polysaccharides, and marine organisms are known to have many enzymes for the breakdown of complex polysaccharides. Here, we identified an α-l-fucosidase enzyme from the marine bacterium Vibrio sp. strain EJY3 (VejFCD) that has dual α-1,4-glucosidic and β-1,4-galactosidic specificities. We determined the crystal structure of VejFCD and provided the structural basis underlying the dual α- and β-glycosidase activities of the enzyme. Unlike other three-domain FCDs, in VejFCD, carbohydrate-binding module-B (CBM-B) with a novel β-sandwich fold tightly contacts with the CatD/CBM-B main body and provides key residues for the β-1,4-glycosidase activity of the enzyme. The phylogenetic tree analysis suggests that only a few FCDs from marine microorganisms have the key structural features for dual α-1,4- and β-1,4-glycosidase activities. This study provides the structural insights into the mechanism underlying the novel glycoside hydrolase activities and could be applied for more efficient utilization in the hydrolysis of complex carbohydrates in biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwaseok Hong
- School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Buk-ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- KNU Institute of Microbiology, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Buk-ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyoung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hogyun Seo
- School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Buk-ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Kim
- School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Buk-ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- KNU Institute of Microbiology, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Buk-ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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20
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Fernandes GW, Bocco BMLC. Hepatic Mediators of Lipid Metabolism and Ketogenesis: Focus on Fatty Liver and Diabetes. Curr Diabetes Rev 2021; 17:e110320187539. [PMID: 33143628 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816999201103141216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disorder that it is caused by the absence of insulin secretion due to the inability of the pancreas to produce it (type 1 diabetes; T1DM), or due to defects of insulin signaling in the peripheral tissues, resulting in insulin resistance (type 2 diabetes; T2DM). Commonly, the occurrence of insulin resistance in T2DM patients reflects the high prevalence of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in these individuals. In fact, approximately 60% of T2DM patients are also diagnosed to have NAFLD, and this condition is strongly linked with insulin resistance and obesity. NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation of obesity and metabolic syndrome and includes a spectrum of pathological conditions, which range from simple steatosis (NAFL), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD manifestation is followed by a series of hepatic lipid deregulations and the main abnormalities are increased triglyceride levels, increased hepatic production of VLDL and a reduction in VLDL catabolism. During the progression of NAFLD, the production of ketone bodies progressively reduces while hepatic glucose synthesis and output increases. In fact, most of the fat that enters the liver can be disposed of through ketogenesis, preventing the development of NAFLD and hyperglycemia. OBJECTIVE This review will focus on the pathophysiological aspect of hepatic lipid metabolism deregulation, ketogenesis, and its relevance in the progression of NAFLD and T2DM. CONCLUSION A better understanding of the molecular mediators involved in lipid synthesis and ketogenesis can lead to new treatments for metabolic disorders in the liver, such as NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo W Fernandes
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, United States
| | - Barbara M L C Bocco
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, United States
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21
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Carvalho FMCD, Maciel BLL, Morais AHDA. Tamarind Enzymatic Inhibitors: Activities and Health Application Perspectives. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1847143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. M. C. D. Carvalho
- Biochemistry Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - B. L. L. Maciel
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - A. H. D. A. Morais
- Biochemistry Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Jiang H, Zhang N, Ji C, Meng X, Qian K, Zheng Y, Wang J. Metabolic and transcriptome responses of RNAi-mediated AMPKα knockdown in Tribolium castaneum. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:655. [PMID: 32967608 PMCID: PMC7510082 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an intracellular fuel sensor for lipid and glucose metabolism. In addition to the short-term regulation of metabolic enzymes by phosphorylation, AMPK may also exert long-term effects on the transcription of downstream genes through the regulation of transcription factors and coactivators. In this study, RNA interference (RNAi) was conducted to investigate the effects of knockdown of TcAMPKα on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, and the transcriptome profiles of dsTcAMPKα-injected and dsEGFP-injected beetles under normal conditions were compared by RNA-sequencing. Results RNAi-mediated suppression of TcAMPKα increased whole-body triglyceride (TG) level and the ratio between glucose and trehalose, as was confirmed by in vivo treatment with the AMPK-activating compound, 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR). A total of 1184 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between dsTcAMPKα-injected and dsEGFP-injected beetles. These include genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism as well as insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed the differential expression of selected genes. Interestingly, metabolism-related transcription factors such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) were also significantly upregulated in dsTcAMPKα-injected beetles. Conclusions AMPK plays a critical role in the regulation of beetle metabolism. The findings of DEGs involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism provide valuable insight into the role of AMPK signaling in the transcriptional regulation of insect metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Caihong Ji
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiangkun Meng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Kun Qian
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Alfarouk KO, Ahmed SBM, Elliott RL, Benoit A, Alqahtani SS, Ibrahim ME, Bashir AHH, Alhoufie STS, Elhassan GO, Wales CC, Schwartz LH, Ali HS, Ahmed A, Forde PF, Devesa J, Cardone RA, Fais S, Harguindey S, Reshkin SJ. The Pentose Phosphate Pathway Dynamics in Cancer and Its Dependency on Intracellular pH. Metabolites 2020; 10:E285. [PMID: 32664469 PMCID: PMC7407102 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10070285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) is one of the key metabolic pathways occurring in living cells to produce energy and maintain cellular homeostasis. Cancer cells have higher cytoplasmic utilization of glucose (glycolysis), even in the presence of oxygen; this is known as the "Warburg Effect". However, cytoplasmic glucose utilization can also occur in cancer through the PPP. This pathway contributes to cancer cells by operating in many different ways: (i) as a defense mechanism via the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) to prevent apoptosis, (ii) as a provision for the maintenance of energy by intermediate glycolysis, (iii) by increasing genomic material to the cellular pool of nucleic acid bases, (iv) by promoting survival through increasing glycolysis, and so increasing acid production, and (v) by inducing cellular proliferation by the synthesis of nucleic acid, fatty acid, and amino acid. Each step of the PPP can be upregulated in some types of cancer but not in others. An interesting aspect of this metabolic pathway is the shared regulation of the glycolytic and PPP pathways by intracellular pH (pHi). Indeed, as with glycolysis, the optimum activity of the enzymes driving the PPP occurs at an alkaline pHi, which is compatible with the cytoplasmic pH of cancer cells. Here, we outline each step of the PPP and discuss its possible correlation with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid O. Alfarouk
- Alfarouk Biomedical Research LLC, Temple Terrace, FL 33617, USA
- American Biosciences Inc., New York, NY 10913, USA;
- Al-Ghad International College for Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42316, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Robert L. Elliott
- The Elliott-Elliott-Baucom Breast Cancer Research and Treatment Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70806, USA;
- The Sallie A. Burdine Breast Foundation, Baton Rouge, LA 70806, USA;
| | - Amanda Benoit
- The Sallie A. Burdine Breast Foundation, Baton Rouge, LA 70806, USA;
| | - Saad S. Alqahtani
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muntaser E. Ibrahim
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan; (M.E.I.); (A.H.H.B.)
| | - Adil H. H. Bashir
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan; (M.E.I.); (A.H.H.B.)
| | - Sari T. S. Alhoufie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munwarah 42353, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Gamal O. Elhassan
- Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 56264, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | | | - Heyam S. Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan;
| | - Ahmed Ahmed
- Department of Oesphogastric and General Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK;
| | - Patrick F. Forde
- CancerResearch@UCC, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork T12 XF62, Ireland;
| | - Jesus Devesa
- Scientific Direction, Foltra Medical Centre, Travesía de Montouto 24, 15886 Teo, Spain;
| | - Rosa A. Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 90126 Bari, Italy; (R.A.C.); (S.J.R.)
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Salvador Harguindey
- Department of Oncology, Institute for Clinical Biology and Metabolism, 01004 Vitoria, Spain;
| | - Stephan J. Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 90126 Bari, Italy; (R.A.C.); (S.J.R.)
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Cruz MM, Simão JJ, de Sá RDCC, Farias TSM, da Silva VS, Abdala F, Antraco VJ, Armelin-Correa L, Alonso-Vale MIC. Palmitoleic Acid Decreases Non-alcoholic Hepatic Steatosis and Increases Lipogenesis and Fatty Acid Oxidation in Adipose Tissue From Obese Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:537061. [PMID: 33117273 PMCID: PMC7561405 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.537061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that palmitoleic acid (C16:1n7), a monounsaturated fatty acid, increases the metabolic and oxidative capacity of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Herein, the effect of 16:1n7 supplementation on metabolic parameters on white adipose tissue (WAT) and liver of obese mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) was addressed by analyzing metabolic (dys)function and altered genes expression in adipose tissue, as well as liver and serum biochemistry analysis. For this purpose, mice were induced to obesity for 8 weeks, and from the 5th week, they received 16:1n7 (300 mg/kg per day) or water for 30 days, by gavage. Subcutaneous inguinal (ING) and epididymal (EPI) WAT were removed for analysis of metabolic, (anti)inflammatory, adipogenic, and thermogenic genes expression by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, metabolic activities of isolated adipocytes, such as glucose uptake, lipogenesis (triacylglycerol esterification), β-oxidation, and lipolysis in ING adipocytes, were also assessed. Despite the higher fat intake, the HFD group showed lower food intake but higher body weight, increased glucose, significant dyslipidemia, and increased liver and adipose depot mass, accompanied by liver steatosis. The 16:1n7 supplementation slowed down the body mass gain and prevented the increase of lipids in the liver. HFD+n7 animals presented increased fatty acid oxidation and lipogenesis compared to control, but no effect was observed on lipolysis and glucose uptake in ING isolated adipocytes. Besides, 16:1n7 increased the content of the mRNA encoding FABP4, but partially prevented the expression of genes encoding ATGL, HSL, perilipin, lipin, C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ, C/EBP-β, CPT1, NRF1, TFAM, PRDM16, and nitric oxide synthase 2 in ING depot from HFD group of animals. Finally, HFD increased Mcp1 and Tnfα expression, and 16:1n7 promoted a more marked increase in it. In summary, the data show that palmitoleic acid promotes metabolic changes and partially prevents the increase in gene expression on adipocytes triggered by obesity, suggesting that HFD+n7 animals do not require the same magnitude of metabolic adaptation to cope with energy demand from the HFD. In the long term, the effects of 16:1n7 may be more evident and beneficial for the function/dysfunction of WAT from an obese organism, with relevant repercussions in the systemic metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa M. Cruz
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Jussara J. Simão
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Roberta D. C. C. de Sá
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Talita S. M. Farias
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Viviane S. da Silva
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Abdala
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Vitor J. Antraco
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Lucia Armelin-Correa
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel C. Alonso-Vale
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Maria Isabel C. Alonso-Vale
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Lu Z, He XF, Ma BB, Zhang L, Li JL, Jiang Y, Zhou GH, Gao F. Increased fat synthesis and limited apolipoprotein B cause lipid accumulation in the liver of broiler chickens exposed to chronic heat stress. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3695-3704. [PMID: 30809677 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heat stress can enhance fat synthesis in broilers, and excessive triglyceride (TG) synthesized by the liver needs to be transported to extrahepatic tissues by very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) otherwise will accumulate in the liver, which may even result in hepatic steatosis. To investigate the molecular mechanisms by which chronic heat stress enhances fat synthesis and results in lipid accumulation in the liver of chickens, 144 broilers (Arbor Acres, 28-day-old) were randomly allocated to the normal control (NC, 22°C), heat stress (HS, consistent 32°C), or pair-fed (PF, 22°C) groups for a 14-D trial. The 7 D of heat exposure significantly increased the respiratory rate, relative weight of abdominal fat, the levels of glucose, TG, corticosterone, insulin, and VLDL in plasma, as well as the levels of TG, total cholesterol, acyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in the liver, and mRNA expression levels of carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), ACC, FAS, and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) in comparison with the other 2 groups. After 14 D of heat exposure, the relative weights of abdominal fat and liver and levels of TG and FAS in the liver were significantly higher in the HS group than in the other 2 groups, and there were no significant differences in the respiratory rate, plasma corticosterone concentration, apolipoprotein B (ApoB) level in the liver, and mRNA expression levels of key genes of fat synthesis among the 3 groups. In conclusion, chronic heat exposure activated LXRα pathway and enhanced fat synthesis in the liver after 7 D of heat exposure. After 14 D of heat exposure, heat-stressed broilers exhibited an adaptation to the high temperature in parameters of stress and fat synthesis gene expression levels. Moreover, chronic heat stress resulted in lipid accumulation in the liver of broilers, which is probably because the limited ApoB was not enough to transport the excessive TG synthesized by the liver in chronic heat-stressed broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - X F He
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - B B Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - L Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - J L Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Y Jiang
- Ginling College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - G H Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - F Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Lu Z, He X, Ma B, Zhang L, Li J, Jiang Y, Zhou G, Gao F. Dietary taurine supplementation decreases fat synthesis by suppressing the liver X receptor α pathway and alleviates lipid accumulation in the liver of chronic heat-stressed broilers. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:5631-5637. [PMID: 31106428 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic heat stress can enhance fat synthesis and result in lipid accumulation in the liver of broilers. To investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of dietary taurine supplementation on fat synthesis and lipid accumulation in the liver of chronic heat-stressed broilers, 144 28 day-old chickens (Arbor Acres) were randomly distributed to normal control (NC, 22 °C, basal diet), heat stress (HS, consistent 32 °C, basal diet), or heat stress plus taurine (HS + T, consistent 32 °C, basal diet +5.00 g kg-1 taurine) groups for a 14-day feeding trial. RESULTS Compared with those of the HS group, dietary taurine supplementation significantly decreased the level of very-low-density lipoprotein and the activity of aspartate aminotransferase in plasma and the relative weight of liver in the HS + T group. In addition, dietary taurine supplementation also significantly decreased the levels of triglyceride, acyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), and suppressed the mRNA expression levels of liver X receptor α (LXRα), sterol response element-binding protein 1c, ACC and FAS in the liver of chronic heat-stressed broilers. Meanwhile, dietary taurine supplementation effectively alleviated lipid accumulation in the liver of broilers exposed to chronic heat stress. CONCLUSION Chronic heat stress significantly increased fat synthesis and resulted in excess lipid deposition in the liver of broilers. Dietary taurine supplementation can effectively decrease fat synthesis by suppressing the LXRα pathway and alleviate lipid accumulation in the liver of chronic heat-stressed broilers. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaofang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Bingbing Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jiaolong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yun Jiang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
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Silva JCP, Marques C, Martins FO, Viegas I, Tavares L, Macedo MP, Jones JG. Determining contributions of exogenous glucose and fructose to de novo fatty acid and glycerol synthesis in liver and adipose tissue. Metab Eng 2019; 56:69-76. [PMID: 31473320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The de novo synthesis of triglyceride (TG) fatty acids (FA) and glycerol can be measured with stable isotope tracers. However, these methods typically do not inform the contribution of a given substrate to specific pathways on these synthetic processes. We integrated deuterated water (2H2O) measurement of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and glycerol-3-phosphate (GLY) synthesis from all substrates with a 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method that quantifies TG FA and glycerol enrichment from a specific [U-13C]precursor. This allowed the [U-13C]precursor contribution to DNL and GLY to be estimated. We applied this method in mice to determine the contributions of fructose and glucose supplemented in the drinking water to DNL and GLY in liver, mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT). In liver, fructose contributed significantly more to DNL of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and oleate as well as to GLY compared to glucose. Moreover, its contribution to SFA synthesis was significantly higher compared to that of oleate. MAT and SCAT had lower fractional rates of total DNL and GLY compared to liver and glucose was utilized more predominantly than fructose for TG synthesis in these tissues. This novel 2H2O/13C integrated method revealed for the first time, tissue specific selection of substrates for DNL, particularly fructose in regard to glucose in liver. Also, this approach was able to resolve the distribution of specific FAs into the TG sn2 and sn1,3 sites. This stable isotope integrated approach yielded information so far uncovered by other lipidomic tools and should powerfully assist in other nutritional, pathological or environmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C P Silva
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cátia Marques
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fátima O Martins
- CEDOC-Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School / Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ivan Viegas
- CFE - Center for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ludgero Tavares
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula Macedo
- CEDOC-Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School / Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Medical Sciences, Universidade Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - John G Jones
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Wa Y, Yin B, He Y, Xi W, Huang Y, Wang C, Guo F, Gu R. Effects of Single Probiotic- and Combined Probiotic-Fermented Milk on Lipid Metabolism in Hyperlipidemic Rats. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1312. [PMID: 31249562 PMCID: PMC6582448 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that probiotics have positive effects on hyperlipidemia by lowering the serum lipid concentration and improving the lipid profile. To explore the mechanism by which probiotic-fermented milk improves lipid metabolism, the transcription of genes regulated by liver X receptors (LXRs), 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase, and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), which play integral roles in lipid metabolism, was investigated in hyperlipidemic rats. Compared with rats fed a high-fat diet, the administration of probiotic-fermented milk significantly lowered the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and total triglycerides (TG) in rat serum and viscera (P < 0.05) and significantly increased the level of total bile acid in the rat liver and small intestine (P < 0.05). The quantitative PCR results showed that the probiotics ameliorated the TC levels in the rats by activating the transcription of genes involved in the LXR axis, which promoted TC reverse transport and increased the conversion of TC to bile acids. The level of TG in the hyperlipidemic rats was ameliorated by the inhibition of the transcription of carbohydrate reaction element binding protein genes and activation of the transcription of PPARα genes. The regulation of lipid metabolism-related gene transcription by the single probiotic (Lactobacillus rhamnosus LV108)-fermented milk was more effective than that by the combined probiotic (L. rhamnosus LV108, Lactobacillus casei grx12, and Lactobacillus fermentum grx08)-fermented milk (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Wa
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Boxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yong He
- Uni-President China Holdings Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbo Xi
- Uni-President China Holdings Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | | | - Chunlei Wang
- Uni-President China Holdings Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Feixiang Guo
- Uni-President China Holdings Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixia Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Carvalho FMC, Lima VCO, Costa IS, Luz ABS, Ladd FVL, Serquiz AC, Bortolin RH, Silbiger VN, Maciel BLL, Santos EA, Morais AHA. Anti-TNF-α Agent Tamarind Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor Improves Lipid Profile of Wistar Rats Presenting Dyslipidemia and Diet-induced Obesity Regardless of PPAR-γ Induction. Nutrients 2019; 11:E512. [PMID: 30818882 PMCID: PMC6470745 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
: The increasing prevalence of obesity and, consequently, chronic inflammation and its complications has increased the search for new treatment methods. The effect of the purified tamarind seed trypsin inhibitor (TTIp) on metabolic alterations in Wistar rats with obesity and dyslipidemia was evaluated. Three groups of animals with obesity and dyslipidemia were formed, consuming a high glycemic index and glycemic load (HGLI) diet, for 10 days: Obese/HGLI diet; Obese/standard diet; Obese/HGLI diet + TTIp (730 μg/kg); and one eutrophic group of animals was fed a standard diet. Rats were evaluated daily for food intake and weight gain. On the 11th day, animals were anesthetized and sacrificed for blood and visceral adipose tissue collection. TTIp treated animals presented significantly lower food intake than the untreated group (p = 0.0065), TG (76.20 ± 18.73 mg/dL) and VLDL-C (15.24 ± 3.75 mg/dL). Plasma concentrations and TNF-α mRNA expression in visceral adipose tissue also decreased in obese animals treated with TTIp (p < 0.05 and p = 0.025, respectively) with a negative immunostaining. We conclude that TTIp presented anti-TNF-α activity and an improved lipid profile of Wistar rats with dyslipidemia and obesity induced by a high glycemic index and load diet regardless of PPAR-γ induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana M C Carvalho
- Biochemistry Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa C O Lima
- Biochemistry Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Izael S Costa
- Biochemistry Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Anna B S Luz
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Fernando V L Ladd
- Department of Morphology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre C Serquiz
- Course of Nutrition, Center University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59014-545, Brazil.
| | - Raul H Bortolin
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post Graduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Vivian N Silbiger
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil.
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post Graduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil.
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Bruna L L Maciel
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil.
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Elizeu A Santos
- Biochemistry Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Ana H A Morais
- Biochemistry Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil.
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil.
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil.
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Bessone F, Razori MV, Roma MG. Molecular pathways of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease development and progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:99-128. [PMID: 30343320 PMCID: PMC11105781 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2947-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a main hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. It represents a wide spectrum of histopathological abnormalities ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with or without fibrosis and, eventually, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. While hepatic simple steatosis seems to be a rather benign manifestation of hepatic triglyceride accumulation, the buildup of highly toxic free fatty acids associated with insulin resistance-induced massive free fatty acid mobilization from adipose tissue and the increased de novo hepatic fatty acid synthesis from glucose acts as the "first hit" for NAFLD development. NAFLD progression seems to involve the occurrence of "parallel, multiple-hit" injuries, such as oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, endotoxin-induced, TLR4-dependent release of inflammatory cytokines, and iron overload, among many others. These deleterious factors are responsible for the triggering of a number of signaling cascades leading to inflammation, cell death, and fibrosis, the hallmarks of NASH. This review is aimed at integrating the overwhelming progress made in the characterization of the physiopathological mechanisms of NAFLD at a molecular level, to better understand the factor influencing the initiation and progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bessone
- Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Servicio de Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Valeria Razori
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Marcelo G Roma
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
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Effective Food Ingredients for Fatty Liver: Soy Protein β-Conglycinin and Fish Oil. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124107. [PMID: 30567368 PMCID: PMC6321427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is prevalent in modern society because of a lifestyle consisting of high dietary fat and sucrose consumption combined with little exercise. Among the consequences of obesity are the emerging epidemics of hepatic steatosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) is a transcription factor that stimulates gene expression related to de novo lipogenesis in the liver. In response to a high-fat diet, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ2, another nuclear receptor, is increased, which leads to the development of NAFLD. β-Conglycinin, a soy protein, prevents NAFLD induced by diets high in sucrose/fructose or fat by decreasing the expression and function of these nuclear receptors. β-Conglycinin also improves NAFLD via the same mechanism as for prevention. Fish oil contains n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Fish oil is more effective at preventing NAFLD induced by sucrose/fructose because SREBP-1c activity is inhibited. However, the effect of fish oil on NAFLD induced by fat is controversial because fish oil further increases PPARγ2 expression, depending upon the experimental conditions. Alcohol intake also causes an alcoholic fatty liver, which is induced by increased SREBP-1c and PPARγ2 expression and decreased PPARα expression. β-Conglycinin and fish oil are effective at preventing alcoholic fatty liver because β-conglycinin decreases the function of SREBP-1c and PPARγ2, and fish oil decreases the function of SREBP-1c and increases that of PPARα.
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Itsiopoulos C, Marx W, Mayr H, Tatucu-Babet O, Dash S, George E, Trakman G, Kelly J, Thomas C, Brazionis L. The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A narrative review. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Song Z, Xiaoli AM, Yang F. Regulation and Metabolic Significance of De Novo Lipogenesis in Adipose Tissues. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101383. [PMID: 30274245 PMCID: PMC6213738 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo lipogenesis (DNL) is a complex and highly regulated process in which carbohydrates from circulation are converted into fatty acids that are then used for synthesizing either triglycerides or other lipid molecules. Dysregulation of DNL contributes to human diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the lipogenic pathway may provide a new therapeutic opportunity for combating various pathological conditions that are associated with dysregulated lipid metabolism. Hepatic DNL has been well documented, but lipogenesis in adipocytes and its contribution to energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity are less studied. Recent reports have gained significant insights into the signaling pathways that regulate lipogenic transcription factors and the role of DNL in adipose tissues. In this review, we will update the current knowledge of DNL in white and brown adipose tissues with the focus on transcriptional, post-translational, and central regulation of DNL. We will also summarize the recent findings of adipocyte DNL as a source of some signaling molecules that critically regulate energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Song
- Departments of Medicine and Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Alus M Xiaoli
- Departments of Medicine and Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Fajun Yang
- Departments of Medicine and Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Palmitate and insulin counteract glucose-induced thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) expression in insulin secreting cells via distinct mechanisms. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198016. [PMID: 29813102 PMCID: PMC5973613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose and palmitate synergistically stimulate insulin secretion, but chronically elevated they induce apoptotic β-cell death. The glucotoxic effect has been attributed, at least partly, to the upregulation of the oxidative stress marker thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP). Palmitate downregulates TXNIP expression, the functional significance of which is still under debate. This study examines the mechanism and consequence of palmitate-mediated TXNIP regulation in insulin secreting cells. Palmitate (600 μM) reduced TXNIP mRNA levels in isolated human and mouse islets independently of FFAR1/GPR40. Similar effects of palmitate were observed in INS-1E cells and mimicked by other long chain fatty acids. The lowering of TXNIP mRNA was significant already 1 h after addition of palmitate, persisted for 24 h and was directly translated to changes in TXNIP protein. The pharmacological inhibition of palmitate-induced phosphorylation of AMPK, ERK1/2, JNK and PKCα/β by BML-275, PD98059, SP600125 and Gö6976, respectively, did not abolish palmitate-mediated TXNIP downregulation. The effect of palmitate was superimposed by a time-dependent (8 h and 24 h) decline of TXNIP mRNA and protein. This decline correlated with accumulation of secreted insulin into the medium. Accordingly, exogenously added insulin reduced TXNIP mRNA and protein levels, an effect counteracted by the insulin/IGF-1 receptor antagonist linsitinib. The inhibition of PI3K and Akt/PKB increased TXNIP mRNA levels. The histone deacetylase (HDAC1/2/3) inhibitor MS-275 completely abrogated the time-dependent, insulin-mediated reduction of TXNIP, leaving the effect of palmitate unaltered. Acute stimulation of insulin secretion and chronic accentuation of cell death by palmitate occurred independently of TXNIP regulation. On the contrary, palmitate antagonized glucose-augmented ROS production. In conclusion, glucose-induced TXNIP expression is efficiently antagonized by two independent mechanisms, namely via an autocrine activation of insulin/IGF-1 receptors involving HDAC and by palmitate attenuating oxidative stress of β-cells.
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Rescigno T, Capasso A, Tecce MF. Involvement of nutrients and nutritional mediators in mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase gene expression. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3306-3314. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Rescigno
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Salerno; Fisciano Salerno Italy
| | - Anna Capasso
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Salerno; Fisciano Salerno Italy
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Xie C, Li Y, Li J, Zhang L, Zhou G, Gao F. Dietary starch types affect liver nutrient metabolism of finishing pigs. Br J Nutr 2017; 118:353-359. [PMID: 28901894 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517002252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different starch types on liver nutrient metabolism of finishing pigs. In all ninety barrows were randomly allocated to three diets with five replicates of six pigs, containing purified waxy maize starch (WMS), non-waxy maize starch (NMS) and pea starch (PS) (the amylose to amylopectin ratios were 0·07, 0·19 and 0·28, respectively). After 28 d of treatments, two per pen (close to the average body weight of the pen) were weighed individually, slaughtered and liver samples were collected. Compared with the WMS diet, the PS diet decreased the activities of glycogen phosphorylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 in liver (P0·05). Compared with the WMS diet, the PS diet reduced the expressions of glutamate dehydrogenase and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 in liver (P<0·05). PS diet decreased the expression of the insulin receptor, and increased the expressions of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and ribosomal protein S6 kinase β-1 in liver compared with the WMS diet (P<0·05). These findings indicated that the diet with higher amylose content could down-regulate gluconeogenesis, and cause less fat deposition and more protein deposition by affecting the insulin/PI3K/protein kinase B signalling pathway in liver of finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control,College of Animal Science and Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control,College of Animal Science and Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaolong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control,College of Animal Science and Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control,College of Animal Science and Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control,College of Animal Science and Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control,College of Animal Science and Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is an underlying feature of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is the most common form of liver disease and is present in up to ∼70% of individuals who are overweight. NAFLD is also associated with hypertriglyceridaemia and low levels of HDL, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hepatic steatosis is a strong predictor of the development of insulin resistance and often precedes the onset of other known mediators of insulin resistance. This sequence of events suggests that hepatic steatosis has a causal role in the development of insulin resistance in other tissues, such as skeletal muscle. Hepatokines are proteins that are secreted by hepatocytes, and many hepatokines have been linked to the induction of metabolic dysfunction, including fetuin A, fetuin B, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and selenoprotein P. In this Review, we describe the factors that influence the development of hepatic steatosis, provide evidence of strong links between hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in non-hepatic tissues, and discuss recent advances in our understanding of how steatosis alters hepatokine secretion to influence metabolic phenotypes through inter-organ communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C R Meex
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program and the Department of Physiology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew J Watt
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program and the Department of Physiology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Jump DB, Lytle KA, Depner CM, Tripathy S. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as a treatment strategy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 181:108-125. [PMID: 28723414 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obese and type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients have a high prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is a continuum of chronic liver diseases ranging from benign hepatosteatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular cancer (HCC). Because of its strong association with the obesity epidemic, NAFLD is rapidly becoming a major public health concern worldwide. Surprisingly, there are no FDA approved NAFLD therapies; and current therapies focus on the co-morbidities associated with NAFLD, namely, obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The goal of this review is to provide background on the disease process, discuss human studies and preclinical models that have examined treatment options. We also provide an in-depth rationale for the use of dietary ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω3 PUFA) supplements as a treatment option for NAFLD. This focus is based on recent studies indicating that NASH patients and preclinical mouse models of NASH have low levels of hepatic C20-22 ω3 PUFA. This decline in hepatic PUFA may account for the major phenotypic features associated with NASH, including steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Finally, our discussion will address the strengths and limitations of ω3 PUFA supplements use in NAFLD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald B Jump
- Molecular Nutrition and Diabetes Research Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
| | - Kelli A Lytle
- Molecular Nutrition and Diabetes Research Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Christopher M Depner
- Molecular Nutrition and Diabetes Research Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Sasmita Tripathy
- Molecular Nutrition and Diabetes Research Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
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Effects of Consuming Xylitol on Gut Microbiota and Lipid Metabolism in Mice. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070756. [PMID: 28708089 PMCID: PMC5537870 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The sugar alcohol xylitol inhibits the growth of some bacterial species including Streptococcus mutans. It is used as a food additive to prevent caries. We previously showed that 1.5–4.0 g/kg body weight/day xylitol as part of a high-fat diet (HFD) improved lipid metabolism in rats. However, the effects of lower daily doses of dietary xylitol on gut microbiota and lipid metabolism are unclear. We examined the effect of 40 and 200 mg/kg body weight/day xylitol intake on gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in mice. Bacterial compositions were characterized by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and targeted real-time PCR. Luminal metabolites were determined by capillary electrophoresis electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Plasma lipid parameters and glucose tolerance were examined. Dietary supplementation with low- or medium-dose xylitol (40 or 194 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively) significantly altered the fecal microbiota composition in mice. Relative to mice not fed xylitol, the addition of medium-dose xylitol to a regular and HFD in experimental mice reduced the abundance of fecal Bacteroidetes phylum and the genus Barnesiella, whereas the abundance of Firmicutes phylum and the genus Prevotella was increased in mice fed an HFD with medium-dose dietary xylitol. Body composition, hepatic and serum lipid parameters, oral glucose tolerance, and luminal metabolites were unaffected by xylitol consumption. In mice, 40 and 194 mg/kg body weight/day xylitol in the diet induced gradual changes in gut microbiota but not in lipid metabolism.
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease in Western populations. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a more debilitating form of NAFLD characterized by hepatocellular injury and inflammation, which significantly increase the risk of end-stage liver and cardiovascular diseases. Unfortunately, there are no available drug therapies for NASH. Bile acids are physiological detergent molecules that are synthesized from cholesterol exclusively in the hepatocytes. Bile acids circulate between the liver and intestine, where they are required for cholesterol solubilization in the bile and dietary fat emulsification in the gut. Bile acids also act as signaling molecules that regulate metabolic homeostasis and inflammatory processes. Many of these effects are mediated by the bile acid-activated nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the G protein-coupled receptor TGR5. Nutrient signaling regulates hepatic bile acid synthesis and circulating plasma bile acid concentrations, which in turn control metabolic homeostasis. The FXR agonist obeticholic acid has had beneficial effects on NASH in recent clinical trials. Preclinical studies have suggested that the TGR5 agonist and the FXR/TGR5 dual agonist are also potential therapies for metabolic liver diseases. Extensive studies in the past few decades have significantly improved our understanding of the metabolic regulatory function of bile acids, which has provided the molecular basis for developing promising bile acid-based therapeutic agents for NASH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiangang Li
- Corresponding author: Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, USA,
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Richards P, Ourabah S, Montagne J, Burnol AF, Postic C, Guilmeau S. MondoA/ChREBP: The usual suspects of transcriptional glucose sensing; Implication in pathophysiology. Metabolism 2017; 70:133-151. [PMID: 28403938 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the Mondo glucose-responsive transcription factors family, including the MondoA and MondoB/ChREBP paralogs, has shed light on the mechanism whereby glucose affects gene transcription. They have clearly emerged, in recent years, as key mediators of glucose sensing by multiple cell types. MondoA and ChREBP have overlapping yet distinct expression profiles, which underlie their downstream targets and separate roles in regulating genes involved in glucose metabolism. MondoA can restrict glucose uptake and influences energy utilization in skeletal muscle, while ChREBP signals energy storage through de novo lipogenesis in liver and white adipose tissue. Because Mondo proteins mediate metabolic adaptations to changing glucose levels, a better understanding of cellular glucose sensing through Mondo proteins will likely uncover new therapeutic opportunities in the context of the imbalanced glucose homeostasis that accompanies metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cancer. Here, we provide an overview of structural homologies, transcriptional partners as well as the nutrient and hormonal mechanisms underlying Mondo proteins regulation. We next summarize their relative contribution to energy metabolism changes in physiological states and the evolutionary conservation of these pathways. Finally, we discuss their possible targeting in human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Richards
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014, France; CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Ourabah
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014, France; CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Montagne
- Institut for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, CEA, UMR 9198, F-91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anne-Françoise Burnol
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014, France; CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Postic
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014, France; CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Guilmeau
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014, France; CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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Drąg J, Goździalska A, Knapik-Czajka M, Gawędzka A, Gawlik K, Jaśkiewicz J. Effect of high carbohydrate diet on elongase and desaturase activity and accompanying gene expression in rat's liver. GENES AND NUTRITION 2017; 12:2. [PMID: 28138346 PMCID: PMC5264288 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-017-0551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Hepatic fatty acids (FAs) are modified through different metabolic pathways including elongation and desaturation. These processes are catalyzed by elongases and desaturases, respectively. Glucose, by transcription factors, regulates these processes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of high carbohydrate diet (68%) on the expression of elongase (Elovl-2, Elovl-5, and Elovl-6) and desaturase (∆5D, ∆6D, Scd 1, Scd 2) genes and the activity of the enzymes. The changes in serum lipid profile (triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol) and glucose concentration were measured. Male Wistar rats were randomized into two study groups: animals fed with high carbohydrate diet (n = 6; HiCHO) and a control group fed with a standard diet (n = 6; ST). The expression of mRNA was determinate using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Hepatic FA composition was determined by gas chromatography, and FA ratios were used to estimate the activity of enzymes. Serum lipid profile and glucose concentration were measured using spectrophotometric methods. Results The mean values of transcript expression of all examined elongases and desaturases in liver HiCHO rats were higher as compared to ST. Higher expression did not always correspond to higher activity (as index). More monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) were detected in the liver of HiCHO rats as compared to ST. Serum TG level was higher in the HiCHO than in ST. Conclusions These studies support the notion that the regulation of both Elovl and desaturase expression may play an important role in managing hepatic lipid composition in response to changes in dietary status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Drąg
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.,Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 1 G. Herlinga-Grudzińskiego St., 30-705 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Goździalska
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Knapik-Czajka
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Gawędzka
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gawlik
- Department of Diagnostics, Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Jaśkiewicz
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Krakow, Poland
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Changes in liver proteins of rats fed standard and high-fat and sucrose diets induced by fish omega-3 PUFAs and their combination with grape polyphenols according to quantitative proteomics. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 41:84-97. [PMID: 28064013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study considered the physiological modulation of liver proteins due to the supplementation with fish oils under two dietary backgrounds: standard or high in fat and sucrose (HFHS), and their combination with grape polyphenols. By using a quantitative proteomics approach, we showed that the capacity of the supplements for regulating proteins depended on the diet; namely, 10 different proteins changed into standard diets, while 45 changed into the HFHS diets and only scarcely proteins were found altered in common. However, in both contexts, fish oils were the main regulatory force, although the addition of polyphenols was able to modulate some fish oils' effects. Moreover, we demonstrated the ability of fish oils and their combination with grape polyphenols in improving biochemical parameters and reducing lipogenesis and glycolysis enzymes, enhancing fatty acid beta-oxidation and insulin signaling and ameliorating endoplasmic reticulum stress and protein oxidation when they are included in an unhealthy diet.
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Western diet in the perinatal period promotes dysautonomia in the offspring of adult rats. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2016; 8:216-225. [PMID: 27931267 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174416000623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the impact of a western diet during gestation and lactation on the anthropometry, serum biochemical, blood pressure and cardiovascular autonomic control on the offspring. Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups according to their mother's diet received: control group (C: 18% calories of lipids) and westernized group (W: 32% calories of lipids). After weaning both groups received standard diet. On the 60th day of life, blood samples were collected for the analysis of fasting glucose and lipidogram. Cardiovascular parameters were measured on the same period. Autonomic nervous system modulation was evaluated by spectrum analysis of heart rate (HR) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP). The W increased glycemia (123±2 v. 155±2 mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein (15±1 v. 31±2 mg/dl), triglycerides (49±1 v. 85±2 mg/dl), total cholesterol (75±2 v. 86±2 mg/dl), and decreased high-density lipoprotein (50±4 v. 38±3 mg/dl), as well as increased body mass (209±4 v. 229±6 g) than C. Furthermore, the W showed higher SAP (130±4 v. 157±2 mmHg), HR (357±10 v. 428±14 bpm), sympathetic modulation to vessels (2.3±0.56 v. 6±0.84 mmHg2) and LF/HF ratio (0.15±0.01 v. 0.7±0.2) than C. These findings suggest that a western diet during pregnancy and lactation leads to overweight associated with autonomic misbalance and hypertension in adulthood.
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Hua ZG, Xiong LJ, Yan C, Wei DH, YingPai Z, Qing ZY, Lin QZ, Fei FR, Ling WY, Ren MZ. Glucose and Insulin Stimulate Lipogenesis in Porcine Adipocytes: Dissimilar and Identical Regulation Pathway for Key Transcription Factors. Mol Cells 2016; 39:797-806. [PMID: 27871177 PMCID: PMC5125935 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipogenesis is under the concerted action of ChREBP, SREBP-1c and other transcription factors in response to glucose and insulin. The isolated porcine preadipocytes were differentiated into mature adipocytes to investigate the roles and interrelation of these transcription factors in the context of glucose- and insulin-induced lipogenesis in pigs. In ChREBP-silenced adipocytes, glucose-induced lipogenesis decreased by ~70%, however insulin-induced lipogenesis was unaffected. Moreover, insulin had no effect on ChREBP expression of unperturbed adipocytes irrespective of glucose concentration, suggesting ChREBP mediate glucose-induced lipogenesis. Insulin stimulated SREBP-1c expression and when SREBP-1c activation was blocked, and the insulin-induced lipogenesis decreased by ~55%, suggesting SREBP-1c is a key transcription factor mediating insulin-induced lipogenesis. LXRα activation promoted lipogenesis and lipogenic genes expression. In ChREBP-silenced or SREBP-1c activation blocked adipocytes, LXRα activation facilitated lipogenesis and SREBP-1c expression, but had no effect on ChREBP expression. Therefore, LXRα might mediate lipogenesis via SREBP-1c rather than ChREBP. When ChREBP expression was silenced and SREBP-1c activation blocked simultaneously, glucose and insulin were still able to stimulated lipogenesis and lipogenic genes expression, and LXRα activation enhanced these effects, suggesting LXRα mediated directly glucose- and insulin-induced lipogenesis. In summary, glucose and insulin stimulated lipogenesis through both dissimilar and identical regulation pathway in porcine adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Guo Hua
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030,
China
| | - Lu Jian Xiong
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030,
China
| | - Chen Yan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030,
China
| | - Dai Hong Wei
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030,
China
| | - ZhaXi YingPai
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030,
China
| | - Zhao Yong Qing
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030,
China
| | - Qiao Zi Lin
- Gansu Engineering Research Center for Animal Cell, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030,
China
| | - Feng Ruo Fei
- Gansu Engineering Research Center for Animal Cell, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030,
China
| | - Wang Ya Ling
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030,
China
| | - Ma Zhong Ren
- Gansu Engineering Research Center for Animal Cell, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030,
China
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Gao L, Shan W, Zeng W, Hu Y, Wang G, Tian X, Zhang N, Shi X, Zhao Y, Ding C, Zhang F, Liu K, Yao J. Carnosic acid alleviates chronic alcoholic liver injury by regulating the SIRT1/ChREBP and SIRT1/p66shc pathways in rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1902-11. [PMID: 27125489 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Gao
- Department of Pharmacology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Wen Shan
- Department of Pharmacology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
- Department of Pharmacy; Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Wenjing Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy; Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Guangzhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery; Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Xiaofeng Tian
- Department of General Surgery; Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy; Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Xue Shi
- Department of Pharmacology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Chunchun Ding
- Department of Pharmacology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery; Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Jihong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
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Singh P, Irwin DM. Contrasting Patterns in the Evolution of Vertebrate MLX Interacting Protein (MLXIP) and MLX Interacting Protein-Like (MLXIPL) Genes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149682. [PMID: 26910886 PMCID: PMC4766361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
ChREBP and MondoA are glucose-sensitive transcription factors that regulate aspects of energy metabolism. Here we performed a phylogenomic analysis of Mlxip (encoding MondoA) and Mlxipl (encoding ChREBP) genes across vertebrates. Analysis of extant Mlxip and Mlxipl genes suggests that the most recent common ancestor of these genes was composed of 17 coding exons. Single copy genes encoding both ChREBP and MondoA, along with their interacting partner Mlx, were found in diverse vertebrate genomes, including fish that have experienced a genome duplication. This observation suggests that a single Mlx gene has been retained to maintain coordinate regulation of ChREBP and MondoA. The ChREBP-β isoform, the more potent and constitutively active isoform, appeared with the evolution of tetrapods and is absent from the Mlxipl genes of fish. Evaluation of the conservation of ChREBP and MondoA sequences demonstrate that MondoA is better conserved and potentially mediates more ancient function in glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmveer Singh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David M. Irwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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50
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Jin Y, Lin X, Miao W, Wang L, Wu Y, Fu Z. Oral exposure of pubertal male mice to endocrine-disrupting chemicals alters fat metabolism in adult livers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:1434-1444. [PMID: 24916741 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The potential for the exposure of humans and wildlife to environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been increasing. Risk assessment for such EDCs is primarily based on detecting the main endpoints related to the endocrine and reproductive systems, while the effects on glucose and fat metabolism have only received limited attention. In this study, pubertal male C57BL/6J mice were orally administered 10 mg/kg body weight cypermethrin (CYP), 100 mg/kg body weight atrazine (ATZ), and 0.1 mg/kg body weight 17α-ethynyestradiol (EE2) for 4 weeks and then switched to a high-energy diet (HD) for 8 weeks. The body weight gain in the EDC-treated groups was lower than that in the control group during exposure and then tended to show values similar to the HD group. The epididymal fat weight, cell size and serum triacylglycerol (TG) and total cholesterol (TCH) levels in the EDC-HD groups were lower than those in the HD group. The transcription of genes related to glycolytic and gluconeogenic processes in the liver was affected by EDC exposure. Furthermore, the expression levels of transcriptional factors including PPARα, PPARγ, and SREBP1C and their target genes related to fatty acid synthesis and oxidation in the liver were also influenced by early life EDC administration. The results showed that early-life-stage exposure to high doses of various environmental EDCs affected the homeostasis of glucose and fatty acid metabolism in the livers of adult male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Xiaojian Lin
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Wenyu Miao
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Linggang Wang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Yan Wu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
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