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Wei H, Chen C, Di F, Sun C, Wang X, Sun M, Liu N, Zhang M, Li M, Zhang J, Zhang S, Liang X. PM 2.5-induced ferroptosis by Nrf2/Hmox1 signaling pathway led to inflammation in microglia. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 352:124130. [PMID: 38729511 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) has been a dominant contributor to air contamination, which will enter the central nervous system (CNS), causing neurotoxicity. However, the biological mechanism is poorly identified. In this study, C57BL/6J mice were applied to evaluate the neurotoxicity of collected fine particulate matter (PM2.5), via oropharyngeal aspiration at two ambient equivalent concentrations. The Y-maze results showed that PM2.5 exposure in mice would lead to the damage in hippocampal-dependent working memory. In addition, cell neuroinflammation, microglial activation were detected in hippocampus of PM2.5-exposure mice. To confirm the underlying mechanism, the microarray assay was conducted to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in microglia after PM2.5 exposure, and the results indicated the enrichment of DEGs in ferroptosis pathways. Furthermore, Heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox1) was found to be one of the most remarkably upregulated genes after PM2.5 exposure for 24 h. And PM2.5 exposure induced ferroptosis with iron accumulation through heme degradation by Nrf2-mediated Hmox1 upregulation, which could be eliminated by Nrf2-inhibition. Meanwhile, Hmox1 antagonist zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) could protect BV2 cells from ferroptosis. The results taken together indicated that PM2.5 resulted in the ferroptosis by causing iron overload through Nrf2/Hmox1 signaling pathway, which could account for the inflammation in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Wei
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Fanglin Di
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Changhua Sun
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Xinzhi Wang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Natong Liu
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China; Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China; Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Xue Liang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China.
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2
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Alruhaimi RS, Hassanein EHM, Bin-Jumah MN, Mahmoud AM. Cadmium-induced lung injury is associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, and altered SIRT1 and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling; protective role of the melatonin agonist agomelatine. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2335-2345. [PMID: 37819390 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal extensively employed in manufacturing polyvinyl chloride, batteries, and other industries. Acute lung injury has been directly connected to Cd exposure. Agomelatine (AGM), a melatonin analog, is a drug licensed for treating severe depression. This study evaluated the effect of AGM against Cd-induced lung injury in rats. AGM was administered in a dose of 25 mg/kg/day orally, while cadmium chloride (CdCl2) was injected intraperitoneally in a dose of 1.2 mg/kg to induce lung injury. Pre-treatment with AGM remarkably ameliorated Cd-induced lung histopathological abrasions. AGM decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, suppressed NDAPH oxidase, and boosted the antioxidants. AGM increased Nrf2, GCLC, HO-1, and TNXRD1 mRNA, as well as HO-1 activity and downregulated Keap1. AGM downregulated Bax and caspase-3 and upregulated Bcl-2, SIRT1, and FOXO3 expression levels in the lung. In conclusion, AGM has a protective effect against Cd-induced lung injury via its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects mediated via regulating Nrf2/HO-1 and SIRT1/FOXO3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem S Alruhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71562, Egypt
| | - May N Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.
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3
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Yang F, Smith MJ, Siow RCM, Aarsland D, Maret W, Mann GE. Interactions between zinc and NRF2 in vascular redox signalling. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:269-278. [PMID: 38372426 PMCID: PMC10903478 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Recent evidence highlights the importance of trace metal micronutrients such as zinc (Zn) in coronary and vascular diseases. Zn2+ plays a signalling role in modulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase and protects the endothelium against oxidative stress by up-regulation of glutathione synthesis. Excessive accumulation of Zn2+ in endothelial cells leads to apoptotic cell death resulting from dysregulation of glutathione and mitochondrial ATP synthesis, whereas zinc deficiency induces an inflammatory phenotype, associated with increased monocyte adhesion. Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor known to target hundreds of different genes. Activation of NRF2 affects redox metabolism, autophagy, cell proliferation, remodelling of the extracellular matrix and wound healing. As a redox-inert metal ion, Zn has emerged as a biomarker in diagnosis and as a therapeutic approach for oxidative-related diseases due to its close link to NRF2 signalling. In non-vascular cell types, Zn has been shown to modify conformations of the NRF2 negative regulators Kelch-like ECH-associated Protein 1 (KEAP1) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and to promote degradation of BACH1, a transcriptional suppressor of select NRF2 genes. Zn can affect phosphorylation signalling, including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinases and protein kinase C, which facilitate NRF2 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Notably, several NRF2-targeted proteins have been suggested to modify cellular Zn concentration via Zn exporters (ZnTs) and importers (ZIPs) and the Zn buffering protein metallothionein. This review summarises the cross-talk between reactive oxygen species, Zn and NRF2 in antioxidant responses of vascular cells against oxidative stress and hypoxia/reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Matthew J Smith
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Richard C M Siow
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, U.K
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Wolfgang Maret
- Departments of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College, London, U.K
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
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4
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Tonelotto V, Costa-Garcia M, O'Reilly E, Smith KF, Slater K, Dillon ET, Pendino M, Higgins C, Sist P, Bosch R, Passamonti S, Piulats JM, Villanueva A, Tramer F, Vanella L, Carey M, Kennedy BN. 1,4-dihydroxy quininib activates ferroptosis pathways in metastatic uveal melanoma and reveals a novel prognostic biomarker signature. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:70. [PMID: 38341410 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01773-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is an ocular cancer, with propensity for lethal liver metastases. When metastatic UM (MUM) occurs, as few as 8% of patients survive beyond two years. Efficacious treatments for MUM are urgently needed. 1,4-dihydroxy quininib, a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT1) antagonist, alters UM cancer hallmarks in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. Here, we investigated the 1,4-dihydroxy quininib mechanism of action and its translational potential in MUM. Proteomic profiling of OMM2.5 cells identified proteins differentially expressed after 1,4-dihydroxy quininib treatment. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and 4 hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) expression were assessed by immunoblots. Biliverdin, glutathione and lipid hydroperoxide were measured biochemically. Association between the expression of a specific ferroptosis signature and UM patient survival was performed using public databases. Our data revealed that 1,4-dihydroxy quininib modulates the expression of ferroptosis markers in OMM2.5 cells. Biochemical assays validated that GPX4, biliverdin, GCLM, glutathione and lipid hydroperoxide were significantly altered. HO-1 and 4-HNE levels were significantly increased in MUM tumor explants from orthotopic patient-derived xenografts (OPDX). Expression of genes inhibiting ferroptosis is significantly increased in UM patients with chromosome 3 monosomy. We identified IFerr, a novel ferroptosis signature correlating with UM patient survival. Altogether, we demontrated that in MUM cells and tissues, 1,4-dihydroxy quininib modulates key markers that induce ferroptosis, a relatively new type of cell death driven by iron-dependent peroxidation of phospholipids. Furthermore, we showed that high expression of specific genes inhibiting ferroptosis is associated with a worse UM prognosis, thus, the IFerr signature is a potential prognosticator for which patients develop MUM. All in all, ferroptosis has potential as a clinical biomarker and therapeutic target for MUM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Tonelotto
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marcel Costa-Garcia
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Cancer (ICO), IDIBELL-OncoBell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eve O'Reilly
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kaelin Francis Smith
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kayleigh Slater
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eugene T Dillon
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marzia Pendino
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Higgins
- UCD School of Mathematics & Statistics, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paola Sist
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Rosa Bosch
- Xenopat S.L., Business Bioincubator, Bellvitge Health Science Campus, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabina Passamonti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Josep M Piulats
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Cancer (ICO), IDIBELL-OncoBell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Villanueva
- Xenopat S.L., Business Bioincubator, Bellvitge Health Science Campus, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), ICO, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federica Tramer
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Vanella
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy
- CERNUT-Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Michelle Carey
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Breandán N Kennedy
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland.
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland.
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5
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Gonzalez AL, Dungan MM, Smart CD, Madhur MS, Doran AC. Inflammation Resolution in the Cardiovascular System: Arterial Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, and Ischemic Heart Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:292-316. [PMID: 37125445 PMCID: PMC11071112 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Chronic inflammation has emerged as a major underlying cause of many prevalent conditions in the Western world, including cardiovascular diseases. Although targeting inflammation has emerged as a promising avenue by which to treat cardiovascular disease, it is also associated with increased risk of infection. Recent Advances: Though previously assumed to be passive, resolution has now been identified as an active process, mediated by unique immunoresolving mediators and mechanisms designed to terminate acute inflammation and promote tissue repair. Recent work has determined that failures of resolution contribute to chronic inflammation and the progression of human disease. Specifically, failure to produce pro-resolving mediators and the impaired clearance of dead cells from inflamed tissue have been identified as major mechanisms by which resolution fails in disease. Critical Issues: Drawing from a rapidly expanding body of experimental and clinical studies, we review here what is known about the role of inflammation resolution in arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and ischemic heart disease. For each, we discuss the involvement of specialized pro-resolving mediators and pro-reparative cell types, including T regulatory cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and macrophages. Future Directions: Pro-resolving therapies offer the promise of limiting chronic inflammation without impairing host defense. Therefore, it is imperative to better understand the mechanisms underlying resolution to identify therapeutic targets. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 292-316.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azuah L. Gonzalez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew M. Dungan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - C. Duncan Smart
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Meena S. Madhur
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Amanda C. Doran
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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6
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Nastasi MR, Borisov VB, Forte E. Membrane-Bound Redox Enzyme Cytochrome bd-I Promotes Carbon Monoxide-Resistant Escherichia coli Growth and Respiration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1277. [PMID: 38279276 PMCID: PMC10815991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The terminal oxidases of bacterial aerobic respiratory chains are redox-active electrogenic enzymes that catalyze the four-electron reduction of O2 to 2H2O taking out electrons from quinol or cytochrome c. Living bacteria often deal with carbon monoxide (CO) which can act as both a signaling molecule and a poison. Bacterial terminal oxidases contain hemes; therefore, they are potential targets for CO. However, our knowledge of this issue is limited and contradictory. Here, we investigated the effect of CO on the cell growth and aerobic respiration of three different Escherichia coli mutants, each expressing only one terminal quinol oxidase: cytochrome bd-I, cytochrome bd-II, or cytochrome bo3. We found that following the addition of CO to bd-I-only cells, a minimal effect on growth was observed, whereas the growth of both bd-II-only and bo3-only strains was severely impaired. Consistently, the degree of resistance of aerobic respiration of bd-I-only cells to CO is high, as opposed to high CO sensitivity displayed by bd-II-only and bo3-only cells consuming O2. Such a difference between the oxidases in sensitivity to CO was also observed with isolated membranes of the mutants. Accordingly, O2 consumption of wild-type cells showed relatively low CO sensitivity under conditions favoring the expression of a bd-type oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina R. Nastasi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Vitaliy B. Borisov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Forte
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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7
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Alruhaimi RS, Hassanein EHM, Abd El-Aziz MK, Siddiq Abduh M, Bin-Ammar A, Kamel EM, Mahmoud AM. The melatonin receptor agonist agomelatine protects against acute pancreatitis induced by cadmium by attenuating inflammation and oxidative stress and modulating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110833. [PMID: 37634447 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatitis is a serious effect of the heavy metal cadmium (Cd) and inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are implicated in Cd-induced pancreatic injury. This study evaluated the effect of the melatonin receptor agonist agomelatine (AGM) on Cd-induced acute pancreatitis (AP), pointing to its modulatory effect on inflammation, OS, and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Rats were supplemented with AGM orally for 14 days and a single injection of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) on day 7. Cd increased serum amylase and lipase and caused pancreatic endocrine and exocrine tissue injury. Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were elevated, nuclear factor (NF)-kB p65, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and CD40 were upregulated, and antioxidants were decreased in the pancreas of Cd-administered rats. AGM ameliorated serum amylase and lipase and pancreatic OS, NF-kB p65, CD40, pro-inflammatory mediators and caspase-3, prevented tissue injury and enhanced antioxidants. AGM downregulated Keap1 and enhanced Nrf2 and HO-1 in the pancreas of Cd-administered rats. In silico findings revealed the binding affinity of AGM with Keap1, HO-1, CD40L and caspase-3. In conclusion, AGM protected against AP induced by Cd by preventing inflammation, OS and apoptosis and modulating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem S Alruhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71562, Egypt
| | | | - Maisa Siddiq Abduh
- Immune Responses in Different Diseases Research Group, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Albandari Bin-Ammar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emadeldin M Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
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8
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Ramadan SA, Kamel EM, Alruhaimi RS, Bin-Ammar A, Ewais MA, Khowailed AA, Hassanein EH, Mahmoud AM. An integrated phytochemical, in silico and in vivo approach to identify the protective effect of Caroxylon salicornicum against cisplatin hepatotoxicity. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101766. [PMID: 37731943 PMCID: PMC10507235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CIS) is a chemotherapeutic medication for the treatment of cancer. However, hepatotoxicity is among the adverse effects limiting its use. Caroxylon salicornicum is traditionally used for treating inflammatory diseases. In this investigation, three flavonoids, four coumarins, and three sterols were detected in the petroleum ether fraction of C. salicornicum (PEFCS). The isolated phytochemicals exhibited binding affinity toward Keap1, NF-κB, and SIRT1 in silico. The hepatoprotective role of PEFCS (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was investigated in vivo. Rats received PEFCS for 14 days and CIS on day 15. CIS increased ALT, AST and ALP and caused tissue injury along with increased ROS, MDA, and NO. Hepatic NF-κB p65, pro-inflammatory mediators, Bax and caspase-3 were increased in CIS-treated animals while antioxidants and Bcl-2 were decreased. PEFCS mitigated hepatocyte injury, and ameliorated transaminases, ALP, oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory markers. PEFCS downregulated pro-apoptosis markers and boosted Bcl-2 and antioxidants. In addition, PEFCS upregulated Nrf2, HO-1, and SIRT1 in CIS-administered rats. In conclusion, PEFCS is rich in beneficial phytoconstituents and conferred protection against liver injury by attenuating OS and inflammation and upregulating Nrf2 and SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Reem S. Alruhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Albandari Bin-Ammar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Madeha A. Ewais
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | | | - Emad H.M. Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University-Assiut Branch, Egypt
| | - Ayman M. Mahmoud
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
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9
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Korczowska-Łącka I, Słowikowski B, Piekut T, Hurła M, Banaszek N, Szymanowicz O, Jagodziński PP, Kozubski W, Permoda-Pachuta A, Dorszewska J. Disorders of Endogenous and Exogenous Antioxidants in Neurological Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1811. [PMID: 37891890 PMCID: PMC10604347 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In diseases of the central nervous system, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), and even epilepsy and migraine, oxidative stress load commonly surpasses endogenous antioxidative capacity. While oxidative processes have been robustly implicated in the pathogenesis of these diseases, the significance of particular antioxidants, both endogenous and especially exogenous, in maintaining redox homeostasis requires further research. Among endogenous antioxidants, enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase are central to disabling free radicals, thereby preventing oxidative damage to cellular lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Whether supplementation with endogenously occurring antioxidant compounds such as melatonin and glutathione carries any benefit, however, remains equivocal. Similarly, while the health benefits of certain exogenous antioxidants, including ascorbic acid (vitamin C), carotenoids, polyphenols, sulforaphanes, and anthocyanins are commonly touted, their clinical efficacy and effectiveness in particular neurological disease contexts need to be more robustly defined. Here, we review the current literature on the cellular mechanisms mitigating oxidative stress and comment on the possible benefit of the most common exogenous antioxidants in diseases such as AD, PD, ALS, HD, stroke, epilepsy, and migraine. We selected common neurological diseases of a basically neurodegenerative nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Korczowska-Łącka
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland (M.H.)
| | - Bartosz Słowikowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (B.S.); (P.P.J.)
| | - Thomas Piekut
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland (M.H.)
| | - Mikołaj Hurła
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland (M.H.)
| | - Natalia Banaszek
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland (M.H.)
| | - Oliwia Szymanowicz
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland (M.H.)
| | - Paweł P. Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (B.S.); (P.P.J.)
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Chair and Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Permoda-Pachuta
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Dorszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland (M.H.)
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10
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Sami DH, Soliman AS, Khowailed AA, Alruhaimi RS, Hassanein EHM, Kamel EM, Mahmoud AM. The protective effect of 7-hydroxycoumarin against cisplatin-induced liver injury is mediated via attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation and upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:80181-80191. [PMID: 37291353 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CIS) is an effective chemotherapy against different solid cancers. However, the adverse effects, including hepatotoxicity, limit its clinical use. 7-hydroxycoumarin (7-HC) possesses antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities, but its protective effect against CIS hepatotoxicity has not been investigated. This study evaluated the effect of 7-HC on liver injury, oxidative stress (OS), and inflammation provoked by CIS. Rats received 7-HC (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) orally for 2 weeks followed by intraperitoneal injection of CIS (7 mg/kg) at day 15. CIS increased serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin and provoked tissue injury accompanied by elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO). Liver nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), pro-inflammatory cytokines, Bax, and caspase-3 were upregulated, and antioxidant defenses and Bcl-2 were decreased in CIS-treated rats, while 7-HC prevented liver injury and ameliorated OS, inflammatory and apoptosis markers. In addition, 7-HC enhanced nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in CIS-administered rats and in silico studies revealed its binding affinity toward HO-1. In conclusion, 7-HC protected against CIS hepatotoxicity by mitigating OS and inflammatory response and modulating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demiana H Sami
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Ayman S Soliman
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Akef A Khowailed
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Reem S Alruhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University-Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Emadeldin M Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
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11
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Water-Soluble Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecules (CORMs). Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 381:3. [PMID: 36515756 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00413-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) are promising candidates for producing carbon monoxide in the mammalian body for therapeutic purposes. At higher concentrations, CO has a harmful effect on the mammalian organism. However, lower doses at a controlled rate can provide cellular signaling for mandatory pharmacokinetic and pathological activities. To date, exploring the therapeutic implications of CO dose as a prodrug has attracted much attention due to its therapeutic significance. There are two different methods of CO insertion, i.e., indirect and direct exogenous insertion. Indirect exogenous insertion of CO suggests an advantage of reduced toxicity over direct exogenous insertion. For indirect exogenous insertion, researchers are facing the issue of tissue selectivity. To solve this issue, developers have considered the newly produced CORMs. Herein, metal carbonyl complexes (MCCs) are covalently linked with CO molecules to produce different CORMs such as CORM-1, CORM-2, and CORM-3, etc. All these CORMs required exogenous CO insertion to achieve the therapeutic targets at the optimized rate under peculiar conditions or/and triggering. Meanwhile, the metal residue was generated from i-CORMs, which can propagate toxicity. Herein, we explain CO administration, water-soluble CORMs, tissue accumulation, and cytotoxicity of depleted CORMs and the kinetic profile of CO release.
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Shahid MS, Zhou S, Nie W, Wang L, Lv H, Yuan J. Phytogenic Antioxidants Prolong n-3 Fatty Acid-Enriched Eggs’ Shelf Life by Activating the Nrf-2 Pathway through Phosphorylation of MAPK. Foods 2022. [PMCID: PMC9601970 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helpful for human health, omega-3 (n-3)-enriched eggs are preferred by consumers. However, antioxidants should be added to the hen’s diet to prevent n-3 fatty acid oxidation due to their unsaturated bonds. A study was designed to investigate the effects of different antioxidants on performance, egg quality, fatty acid profile, oxidation parameters, gene expression, and magnum morphology. A total of 450 hens were divided into five dietary groups. Wheat–flaxseed was used for the basic diet (control) and supplemented with vitamin E (VE), chlorogenic acid (CA), polyphenol (PF), and lutein (L). The experiment lasted for 10 weeks. The eggs were collected on the 5th week and were analyzed for quality, oxidative stability, and fatty acid (FA) content, being stored for 0 d, 7 d, 14 d, 21 d, 28 d, 35 d, and 42 d. The results showed that supplemental VE, PF, CA, and L improved the egg weight and hen day egg production compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The VE, PF, and L groups significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) and maintained the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the egg yolk. The albumen height and Haugh unit were maintained in the egg yolk till 35 days of storage by the VE, PF, and L groups, while the CA group reduced the albumen quality after 21 d storage. The VE, PF, CA, and lutein maintained the content of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), during the whole storage period. The total n-3 FA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were retained in the egg yolk till 35 and 28 days of storage, respectively, and slightly decreased after 35 and 28 days in the L groups. The total n-6 (Tn-6) FA was maintained in the yolk till 28 days of storage in the CA and PF groups, respectively. The VE, PF, and L groups upregulated the expression of Nrf-2, P38MAPK, HO-1, SOD-1, and GSH-Px as compared to the CA and control groups. The VE, PF, and L groups significantly increased the magnum primary folds and epithelium height as compared to CA and the control. Thus, it was concluded that the use of PF and L is better at preventing egg quality deterioration and lipid oxidation, maintaining more than 300 mg/egg n-3 FA during storage, by activating the Nrf-2 pathway through the phosphorylation of P38MAPK, and enhancing the phase-2 antioxidant defense enzymes, namely, SOD, GSH-Px, and HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Suhaib Shahid
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huiyuan Lv
- Beijing Center of Biology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence:
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13
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Yuan Z, De La Cruz LK, Yang X, Wang B. Carbon Monoxide Signaling: Examining Its Engagement with Various Molecular Targets in the Context of Binding Affinity, Concentration, and Biologic Response. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:823-873. [PMID: 35738683 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) has been firmly established as an endogenous signaling molecule with a variety of pathophysiological and pharmacological functions, including immunomodulation, organ protection, and circadian clock regulation, among many others. In terms of its molecular mechanism(s) of action, CO is known to bind to a large number of hemoproteins with at least 25 identified targets, including hemoglobin, myoglobin, neuroglobin, cytochrome c oxidase, cytochrome P450, soluble guanylyl cyclase, myeloperoxidase, and some ion channels with dissociation constant values spanning the range of sub-nM to high μM. Although CO's binding affinity with a large number of targets has been extensively studied and firmly established, there is a pressing need to incorporate such binding information into the analysis of CO's biologic response in the context of affinity and dosage. Especially important is to understand the reservoir role of hemoglobin in CO storage, transport, distribution, and transfer. We critically review the literature and inject a sense of quantitative assessment into our analyses of the various relationships among binding affinity, CO concentration, target occupancy level, and anticipated pharmacological actions. We hope that this review presents a picture of the overall landscape of CO's engagement with various targets, stimulates additional research, and helps to move the CO field in the direction of examining individual targets in the context of all of the targets and the concentration of available CO. We believe that such work will help the further understanding of the relationship of CO concentration and its pathophysiological functions and the eventual development of CO-based therapeutics. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The further development of carbon monoxide (CO) as a therapeutic agent will significantly rely on the understanding of CO's engagement with therapeutically relevant targets of varying affinity. This review critically examines the literature by quantitatively analyzing the intricate relationships among targets, target affinity for CO, CO level, and the affinity state of carboxyhemoglobin and provide a holistic approach to examining the molecular mechanism(s) of action for CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengnan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ladie Kimberly De La Cruz
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
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HO-1 Limits the Efficacy of Vemurafenib/PLX4032 in BRAF V600E Mutated Melanoma Cells Adapted to Physiological Normoxia or Hypoxia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061171. [PMID: 35740068 PMCID: PMC9219655 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) favors immune-escape in BRAFV600 melanoma cells treated with Vemurafenib/PLX4032 under standard cell culture conditions. However, the oxygen tension under standard culture conditions (~18 kPa O2) is significantly higher than the physiological oxygen levels encountered in vivo. In addition, cancer cells in vivo are often modified by hypoxia. In this study, MeOV-1 primary melanoma cells bearing the BRAFV600E mutation, were adapted to either 5 kPa O2 (physiological normoxia) or 1 kPa O2 (hypoxia) and then exposed to 10 μM PLX4032. PLX4032 abolished ERK phosphorylation, reduced Bach1 expression and increased HO-1 levels independent of pericellular O2 tension. Moreover, cell viability was significantly reduced further in cells exposed to PLX4032 plus Tin mesoporphyrin IX, a HO-1 inhibitor. Notably, our findings provide the first evidence that HO-1 inhibition in combination with PLX4032 under physiological oxygen tension and hypoxia restores and increases the expression of the NK ligands ULBP3 and B7H6 compared to cells exposed to PLX4032 alone. Interestingly, although silencing NRF2 prevented PLX4032 induction of HO-1, other NRF2 targeted genes were unaffected, highlighting a pivotal role of HO-1 in melanoma resistance and immune escape. The present findings may enhance translation and highlight the potential of the HO-1 inhibitors in the therapy of BRAFV600 melanomas.
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Menthae Herba Attenuates Neuroinflammation by Regulating CREB/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway in BV2 Microglial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040649. [PMID: 35453334 PMCID: PMC9029636 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress cause microglia to be abnormally activated in the brain, resulting in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Menthae Herba (MH) has been widely used as a medicinal plant with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. In this study, we sought to evaluate the effects of MH on the inflammatory response and possible molecular mechanisms in microglia stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Transcriptional and translational expression levels of the proinflammatory factors were measured using ELISA, RT-qPCR, and Western blot analysis. MH extract inhibited the production of proinflammatory enzymes and mediators nitric oxide (NO), NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 in LPS-stimulated cells. Our molecular mechanism study showed that MH inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor (NF)-κB. In contrast, MH activated HO-1 and its transcriptional factors, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathways. Thus, MH reduces ROS and NF-κB-mediated inflammatory signaling and induces CREB/Nrf2/HO-1-related antioxidant signaling in microglia. Together, these results may provide specific prospects for the therapeutic use of MH in the context of neuroinflammatory diseases, including AD.
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16
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Niu Q, Liu F, Zhang J, Yang X, Wang X. Carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2 protects intestinal mucosal barrier function by reducing epithelial tight-junction damage in rats undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2:118-126. [PMID: 36789186 PMCID: PMC9923997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jointm.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) to the small intestine is associated with the development of systemic inflammation and multiple organ failure after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). It has been reported that exogenous carbon monoxide (CO) reduces IRI. This study aimed to assess the effects of carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) on intestinal mucosal barrier function in rats undergoing CPR. Methods We established a rat model of asphyxiation-induced cardiac arrest (CA) and resuscitation to study intestinal IRI, and measured the serum levels of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein. Morphological changes were investigated using light and electron microscopes. The expression levels of claudin 3 (CLDN3), occludin (OCLN), zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 were detected by western blotting. Results Compared with the sham-operated group, histological changes and transmission electron microscopy revealed severe intestinal mucosal injury in the CPR and inactive CORM-2 (iCORM-2) groups. In contrast, CORM-2 alleviated intestinal IRI. CORM-2, unlike iCORM-2, markedly decreased the Chiu's scores (2.38 ± 0.38 vs. 4.59 ± 0.34; P < 0.05) and serum intestinal fatty acid-binding protein level (306.10 ± 19.22 vs. 585.64 ± 119.84 pg/mL; P < 0.05) compared with the CPR group. In addition, CORM-2 upregulated the expression levels of tight junction proteins (CLDN3, OCLN, and ZO-1) (P < 0.05) and downregulated those of IL-10, TNF-α, and NF-кB p65 (P < 0.05) in the ileum tissue of rats that received CPR. Conclusions CORM-2 prevented intestinal mucosal damage as a result of IRI during CPR. The underlying protective mechanism was associated with inhibition of ischemia-reperfusion-induced changes in intestinal epithelial permeability and inflammation in intestinal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsheng Niu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China,Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Heze Second People's Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274000, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China,Corresponding author: Xiaohong Wang, Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China.
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17
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Abstract
Resolution is an active and highly coordinated process that occurs in response to inflammation to limit tissue damage and promote repair. When the resolution program fails, inflammation persists. It is now understood that failed resolution is a major underlying cause of many chronic inflammatory diseases. Here, we will review the major failures of resolution in atherosclerosis, including the imbalance of proinflammatory to pro-resolving mediator production, impaired clearance of dead cells, and functional changes in immune cells that favor ongoing inflammation. In addition, we will briefly discuss new concepts that are emerging as possible regulators of resolution and highlight the translational significance for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C. Doran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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Bilirubin levels as an independent predictor of myocarditis in patients with COVID-19. Egypt Heart J 2021; 73:108. [PMID: 34928467 PMCID: PMC8686087 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-021-00234-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial damage worsens the clinical course and prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. High total bilirubin levels have been associated with a poor prognosis in COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of the total bilirubin level, a marker of heme oxygenase-1 enzyme activity, in determining myocarditis in patients with COVID-19. Results A total of 190 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into two groups based on their troponin positivity. The study group (n = 95) consisted of patients with high troponin, and the control group (n = 95) consisted of patients without high troponin levels. The D-dimer (727 [572–995] vs. 591 [440–790], p = 0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) (30.0 [10–48] vs. 10.3 [5.8–15.9], p < 0.001), and total bilirubin (9.5 [8.2–12.1] vs. 7.0 [5.3–8.0], p < 0.001) levels were significantly higher in the study group. In multivariate analysis, CRP (odds ratio [OR]: 1.103; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.060–1.148; p < 0.001) and total bilirubin (OR: 1.612; 95% CI: 1.330–1.954; p < 0.001) levels were independent predictors of myocarditis in COVID-19. Conclusions Total bilirubin levels can be used as an early predictor of myocarditis in COVID-19 and can contribute to therapy management.
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McCarty MF, Lerner A, DiNicolantonio JJ, Benzvi C. Nutraceutical Aid for Allergies - Strategies for Down-Regulating Mast Cell Degranulation. J Asthma Allergy 2021; 14:1257-1266. [PMID: 34737578 PMCID: PMC8558634 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s332307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions of antigens with the mast cell FcεRI-IgE receptor complex induce degranulation and boost synthesis of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators and cytokines. Activation of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) functions as a central hub in this signaling. The tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 opposes Syk activity; stimulation of NADPH oxidase by FcεRI activation results in the production of oxidants that reversibly inhibit SHP-1, up-regulating the signal from Syk. Activated AMPK can suppress Syk activation by the FcεRI receptor, possibly reflecting its ability to phosphorylate the FcεRI beta subunit. Cyclic GMP, via protein kinase G II, enhances the activity of SHP-1 by phosphorylating its C-terminal region; this may explain its inhibitory impact on mast cell activation. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) likewise opposes mast cell activation; H2S can boost AMPK activity, up-regulate cGMP production, and trigger Nrf2-mediated induction of Phase 2 enzymes - including heme oxygenase-1, whose generation of bilirubin suppresses NADPH oxidase activity. Phycocyanobilin (PCB), a chemical relative of bilirubin, shares its inhibitory impact on NADPH oxidase, rationalizing reported anti-allergic effects of PCB-rich spirulina ingestion. Phase 2 inducer nutraceuticals can likewise oppose the up-regulatory impact of NADPH oxidase on FcεRI signaling. AMPK can be activated with the nutraceutical berberine. High-dose biotin can boost cGMP levels in mast cells via direct stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase. Endogenous generation of H2S in mast cells can be promoted by administering N-acetylcysteine and likely by taurine, which increases the expression of H2S-producing enzymes in the vascular system. Mast cell stabilization by benifuuki green tea catechins may reflect the decreased surface expression of FcεRI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Lerner
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - James J DiNicolantonio
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Advanced Ingredients for Dietary Products, AIDP, City of Industry, CA, USA
| | - Carina Benzvi
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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Patients with Gilbert syndrome and type 2 diabetes have lower prevalence of microvascular complications. Metabol Open 2021; 11:100114. [PMID: 34386764 PMCID: PMC8346683 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Accumulating clinical evidence indicates an inverse relationship between oxidative stress and unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of diabetes microvascular complications in patients with Gilbert syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Methods A total of 1200 electronic records with T2D were reviewed. From them, 50 patients with Gilbert syndrome (cases [indirect bilirubin ≥1.2 mg/dl without evidence of hemolysis or liver disease]) and 50 controls (T2D without hyperbilirubinemia) were included. Linear and logistic regression models were performed to evaluate the independent association between indirect hyperbilirubinemia with microvascular complications related with T2D. Results Both case and control group had the same proportion of gender (female = 20 [40 %]) and diabetes duration (14.0 ± 6.5 years) and similar mean of age (60 ± 9.6 and 60 ± 9.2 years, respectively, p = 0.91). The median of unconjugated bilirubin of case and control group was 1.4 (1.2–1.6) vs. 0.4 (0.2–0.6) mg/dl (p < 0.001), respectively. Patients with elevated unconjugated bilirubin had less urine albumin-creatinine ratio compared with control group (8.5 [4.3–23] vs. 80 [8–408] mg/g, p < 0.001), and lower rate of diabetes microvascular complications and metabolic syndrome. After adjustment for BMI, age, HbA1c, blood pressure, triglycerides, and the metabolic syndrome, the lineal regression analysis showed that unconjugated bilirubin protects against microalbuminuria in T2D patients (β = −414.11, 95 % CI [-747.9, −80.3], p = 0.006. Also, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia was independently associated with a better glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (β = 9.87, 95 % CI [1.5, 18.3], P = 0.02). Conclusions Patients with Gilbert syndrome and T2D had a lower prevalence of diabetes microvascular complications.
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Liu R, Yan X. Oxidative stress in corneal stromal cells contributes to the development of keratoconus in a rabbit model. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 31:3518-3524. [PMID: 34213382 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211028745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the role of oxidative stress in keratocytes in the pathogenesis of keratoconus (KC) using the rabbit cornea as a model. METHODS Immerse the rabbit cornea in collagenase type II solution at room temperature for 30 min in the KC group. The central cornea thickness (CCT), and mean keratometry (Km) were examined before and after the procedure. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF-2), the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) Oxidase (NOX) family members NOX-2 and NOX-4 protein levels were examined by immunohistochemistry analysis and Western Blot. The expression levels of HO-1, NOX-2, NOX-4, and NRF-2 mRNA were quantitatively detected by Real-time PCR. RESULTS A significant increase in Km and a significant decrease in CCT were observed in the KC group compared with the control group after the surgery (both p < 0.001). Immunofluorescence staining showed the rabbit KC model induced a significant increase in ROS production (p < 0.001). The expression of HO-1, NOX-2, NOX-4, and NRF-2 proteins in the KC group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all p < 0.001). RT-PCR results showed the levels of HO-1, NOX-2, NOX-4, and NRF-2 mRNA in KC groups were all significantly increased compared with control groups (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress and compensatory activation of antioxidant proteins suggest oxidative stress injury in corneal stromal cells plays an important role in the development of KC in a rabbit model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixing Liu
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
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Nitti M, Ivaldo C, Traverso N, Furfaro AL. Clinical Significance of Heme Oxygenase 1 in Tumor Progression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050789. [PMID: 34067625 PMCID: PMC8155918 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) plays a key role in cell adaptation to stressors through the antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties of its metabolic products. For these reasons, in cancer cells, HO-1 can favor aggressiveness and resistance to therapies, leading to poor prognosis/outcome. Genetic polymorphisms of HO-1 promoter have been associated with an increased risk of cancer progression and a high degree of therapy failure. Moreover, evidence from cancer biopsies highlights the possible correlation between HO-1 expression, pathological features, and clinical outcome. Indeed, high levels of HO-1 in tumor specimens often correlate with reduced survival rates. Furthermore, HO-1 modulation has been proposed in order to improve the efficacy of antitumor therapies. However, contrasting evidence on the role of HO-1 in tumor biology has been reported. This review focuses on the role of HO-1 as a promising biomarker of cancer progression; understanding the correlation between HO-1 and clinical data might guide the therapeutic choice and improve the outcome of patients in terms of prognosis and life quality.
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23
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The role of complement in brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage: A review. Exp Neurol 2021; 340:113654. [PMID: 33617886 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a significant cause of death and disability and current treatment is limited to supportive measures to reduce brain edema and secondary hematoma expansion. Current evidence suggests that the complement cascade is activated early after hemorrhage and contributes to brain edema/injury in multiple ways. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent literature about the role of the complement cascade after ICH. Primary literature demonstrating complement mediated brain edema and neurologic injury through the membrane attack complex (MAC) as well as C3a and C5a are reviewed. Further, attenuation of brain edema and improved functional outcomes are demonstrated after inhibition of specific components of the complement cascade. Conversely, complement also plays a significant role in neurologic recovery after ICH and in other neurologic disorders. We conclude that the role of complement after ICH is complex. Understanding the role of complement after ICH is essential and may elucidate possible interventions to reduce brain edema and injury.
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Kibel A, Lukinac AM, Dambic V, Juric I, Selthofer-Relatic K. Oxidative Stress in Ischemic Heart Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6627144. [PMID: 33456670 PMCID: PMC7785350 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6627144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the novel interesting topics in the study of cardiovascular disease is the role of the oxidation system, since inflammation and oxidative stress are known to lead to cardiovascular diseases, their progression and complications. During decades of research, many complex interactions between agents of oxidative stress, oxidation, and antioxidant systems have been elucidated, and numerous important pathophysiological links to na number of disorders and diseases have been established. This review article will present the most relevant knowledge linking oxidative stress to vascular dysfunction and disease. The review will focus on the role of oxidative stress in endotheleial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and other pathogenetic processes and mechanisms that contribute to the development of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Kibel
- Department for Heart and Vascular Diseases, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University J.J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Marija Lukinac
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, University J.J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vedran Dambic
- Faculty of Medicine, University J.J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department for Emergency Medical Services of the Osijek-Baranja county, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Iva Juric
- Department for Heart and Vascular Diseases, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University J.J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kristina Selthofer-Relatic
- Department for Heart and Vascular Diseases, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University J.J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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25
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New insights into the protection of growth hormone in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity: The impact of IGF-1 on the Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Life Sci 2020; 253:117581. [PMID: 32209424 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cisplatin (CDDP) is an effective antineoplastic agent, however, its serious nephrotoxicity limits therapeutic use. Human growth hormone (hGH) has proved antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study aimed to investigate the nephroprotective effects of hGH against CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity and the mechanisms underlying this nephroprotection. MAIN METHODS Male albino rats injected with CDDP (7 mg/kg) and nephrotoxicity indices, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers (high mobility group box protein-1 (HMGB-1), soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)) were assessed. Also, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and Nuclear factor-erythroid-2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway were assessed. KEY FINDINGS hGH (1 mg/kg) improved kidney function and antioxidant systems and showed intact renal tubular epithelium. Cisplatin upregulated the HMGB-1/NF-κB and downregulated Nrf2/HO-1 pathways which were reversed by hGH and aligned with increased renal IGF-1 expression. Also, IGF-1/sEH crosstalk might be involved in hGH nephroprotection. Moreover, hGH downregulated HSP70 and caspase-3 expressions. SIGNIFICANCE these results concluded that hGH can attenuate the inflammation and oxidative stress attained by CDDP probably through inhibition of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. We also suggested that Keap1/Nrf2-mediated upregulation of the antioxidant HO-1 might inhibit HMGB-1/NF-κB signaling and thus provide the principal protection mechanism offered by hGH against CDDP-induced kidney injury.
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26
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Mahmoud AM, Hussein OE, Hozayen WG, Bin-Jumah M, Abd El-Twab SM. Ferulic acid prevents oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver injury via upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in methotrexate-induced rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:7910-7921. [PMID: 31889292 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Liver injury is one of the adverse effects of methotrexate (MTX). Ferulic acid (FA) is an antioxidant phytochemical that confers hepatoprotective efficacy; however, its effect against MTX hepatotoxicity remains unexplored. This study investigated the role of FA in modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, Nrf2/HO-1 signaling, and PPARγ in MTX-administered rats. Following oral FA supplementation for 15 days, rats received a single dose of MTX at day 16 and samples were collected at day 19. MTX provoked multiple histological manifestations, including degenerative changes, steatosis, inflammatory cells infiltration and hemorrhage, and altered serum transaminases, bilirubin, and albumin. Reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide were increased in the liver of rats that received MTX. FA prevented all histological alterations, ameliorated liver function markers, suppressed oxidative stress, and boosted antioxidants in MTX-induced rats. FA reduced serum TNF-α and IL-1β, and hepatic NF-κB p65, Bax, and caspase-3, whereas increased Bcl-2, Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1, and PPARγ. In conclusion, FA prevented MTX hepatotoxicity by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and PPARγ, and attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.
| | - Omnia E Hussein
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Walaa G Hozayen
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - May Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanaa M Abd El-Twab
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
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Protective effects of hesperidin against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1405-1417. [PMID: 32103295 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hesperidin (HD), a bioflavonoid, has been shown to exert hepatoprotective effects. Our aim is to investigate the possible protective effects of HD against methotrexate (MTX) hepatotoxicity in adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats that were divided into four groups (10 rats/each) and were exposed to MTX with or without HD co-administration for consecutive 28 days. The results showed that HD significantly ameliorated MTX-induced increase in liver enzymes and histopathological changes. Hepatic oxidative stress was suppressed by HD, as evidenced by the decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA), with a concomitant increase in total antioxidant activity (TAC), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels. Moreover, co-administration of HD with MTX remarkably upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 compared with the MTX group. By the decrease in nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB) pathway and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), HD obviously attenuated inflammatory response in MTX-lesioned livers. Likewise, the downregulation of P53 by HD could explain its antiapoptotic effects as indicated by increase BCl2 and the significant decrease of caspase-9 mRNA expression as compared with the MTX group. Thus, these findings revealed the hepatoprotective nature of HD against MTX hepatotoxicity by attenuating the pro-inflammatory and apoptotic mediators and improving antioxidant aptitude.
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Nitti M, Furfaro AL, Mann GE. Heme Oxygenase Dependent Bilirubin Generation in Vascular Cells: A Role in Preventing Endothelial Dysfunction in Local Tissue Microenvironment? Front Physiol 2020; 11:23. [PMID: 32082188 PMCID: PMC7000760 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Among antioxidants in the human body, bilirubin has been recognized over the past 20 years to afford protection against different chronic conditions, including inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Moderate increases in plasma concentration and cellular bilirubin generation from metabolism of heme via heme oxygenase (HMOX) in virtually all tissues can modulate endothelial and vascular function and exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles. This review aims to provide an up-to-date and critical overview of the molecular mechanisms by which bilirubin derived from plasma or from HMOX1 activation in vascular cells affects endothelial function. Understanding the molecular actions of bilirubin may critically improve the management not only of key cardiovascular diseases, but also provide insights into a broad spectrum of pathologies driven by endothelial dysfunction. In this context, therapeutic interventions aimed at mildly increasing serum bilirubin as well as bilirubin generated endogenously by endothelial HMOX1 should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariapaola Nitti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Furfaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Spotlight on ROS and β3-Adrenoreceptors Fighting in Cancer Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6346529. [PMID: 31934266 PMCID: PMC6942895 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6346529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of ROS and RNS is a long-standing debate in cancer. Increasing the concentration of ROS reaching the toxic threshold can be an effective strategy for the reduction of tumor cell viability. On the other hand, cancer cells, by maintaining intracellular ROS concentration at an intermediate level called “mild oxidative stress,” promote the activation of signaling that favors tumor progression by increasing cell viability and dangerous tumor phenotype. Many chemotherapeutic treatments induce cell death by rising intracellular ROS concentration. The persistent drug stimulation leads tumor cells to simulate a process called hormesis by which cancer cells exhibit a biphasic response to exposure to drugs used. After a first strong response to a low dose of chemotherapeutic agent, cancer cells start to decrease the response even if high doses of drugs were used. In this framework, β3-adrenoreceptors (β3-ARs) fit with an emerging antioxidant role in cancer. β3-ARs are involved in tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune tolerance. Its inhibition, by the selective β3-ARs antagonist (SR59230A), leads cancer cells to increase ROS concentration thus inducing cell death and to decrease NO levels thus inhibiting angiogenesis. In this review, we report an overview on reactive oxygen biology in cancer cells focusing on β3-ARs as new players in the antioxidant pathway.
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30
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Faizan M, Muhammad N, Niazi KUK, Hu Y, Wang Y, Wu Y, Sun H, Liu R, Dong W, Zhang W, Gao Z. CO-Releasing Materials: An Emphasis on Therapeutic Implications, as Release and Subsequent Cytotoxicity Are the Part of Therapy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E1643. [PMID: 31137526 PMCID: PMC6566563 DOI: 10.3390/ma12101643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The CO-releasing materials (CORMats) are used as substances for producing CO molecules for therapeutic purposes. Carbon monoxide (CO) imparts toxic effects to biological organisms at higher concentration. If this characteristic is utilized in a controlled manner, it can act as a cell-signaling agent for important pathological and pharmacokinetic functions; hence offering many new applications and treatments. Recently, research on therapeutic applications using the CO treatment has gained much attention due to its nontoxic nature, and its injection into the human body using several conjugate systems. Mainly, there are two types of CO insertion techniques into the human body, i.e., direct and indirect CO insertion. Indirect CO insertion offers an advantage of avoiding toxicity as compared to direct CO insertion. For the indirect CO inhalation method, developers are facing certain problems, such as its inability to achieve the specific cellular targets and how to control the dosage of CO. To address these issues, researchers have adopted alternative strategies regarded as CO-releasing molecules (CORMs). CO is covalently attached with metal carbonyl complexes (MCCs), which generate various CORMs such as CORM-1, CORM-2, CORM-3, ALF492, CORM-A1 and ALF186. When these molecules are inserted into the human body, CO is released from these compounds at a controlled rate under certain conditions or/and triggers. Such reactions are helpful in achieving cellular level targets with a controlled release of the CO amount. However on the other hand, CORMs also produce a metal residue (termed as i-CORMs) upon degradation that can initiate harmful toxic activity inside the body. To improve the performance of the CO precursor with the restricted development of i-CORMs, several new CORMats have been developed such as micellization, peptide, vitamins, MOFs, polymerization, nanoparticles, protein, metallodendrimer, nanosheet and nanodiamond, etc. In this review article, we shall describe modern ways of CO administration; focusing primarily on exclusive features of CORM's tissue accumulations and their toxicities. This report also elaborates on the kinetic profile of the CO gas. The comprehension of developmental phases of CORMats shall be useful for exploring the ideal CO therapeutic drugs in the future of medical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faizan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Niaz Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | | | - Yongxia Hu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Ya Wu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Huaming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Ruixia Liu
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Wensheng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Weiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Ziwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
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New Nitric Oxide Donor NCX 1443: Therapeutic Effects on Pulmonary Hypertension in the SAD Mouse Model of Sickle Cell Disease. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 71:283-292. [PMID: 29438213 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) donors may be useful for treating pulmonary hypertension (PH) complicating sickle cell disease (SCD), as endogenous NO is inactivated by hemoglobin released by intravascular hemolysis. Here, we investigated the effects of the new NO donor NCX1443 on PH in transgenic SAD mice, which exhibit mild SCD without severe hemolytic anemia. In SAD and wild-type (WT) mice, the pulmonary pressure response to acute hypoxia was similar and was abolished by 100 mg/kg NCX1443. The level of PH was also similar in SAD and WT mice exposed to chronic hypoxia (9% O2) alone or with SU5416 and was similarly reduced by daily NCX1443 gavage. Compared with WT mice, SAD mice exhibited higher levels of HO-1, endothelial NO synthase, and PDE5 but similar levels of lung cyclic guanosine monophosphate. Cultured pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from SAD mice grew faster than those from WT mice and had higher PDE5 protein levels. Combining NCX1443 and a PDE5 inhibitor suppressed the growth rate difference between SAD and WT cells and induced a larger reduction in hypoxic PH severity in SAD than in WT mice. By amplifying endogenous protective mechanisms, NCX1443 in combination with PDE5 inhibition may prove useful for treating PH complicating SCD.
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32
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Keeley TP, Mann GE. Defining Physiological Normoxia for Improved Translation of Cell Physiology to Animal Models and Humans. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:161-234. [PMID: 30354965 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extensive oxygen gradient between the air we breathe (Po2 ~21 kPa) and its ultimate distribution within mitochondria (as low as ~0.5-1 kPa) is testament to the efforts expended in limiting its inherent toxicity. It has long been recognized that cell culture undertaken under room air conditions falls short of replicating this protection in vitro. Despite this, difficulty in accurately determining the appropriate O2 levels in which to culture cells, coupled with a lack of the technology to replicate and maintain a physiological O2 environment in vitro, has hindered addressing this issue thus far. In this review, we aim to address the current understanding of tissue Po2 distribution in vivo and summarize the attempts made to replicate these conditions in vitro. The state-of-the-art techniques employed to accurately determine O2 levels, as well as the issues associated with reproducing physiological O2 levels in vitro, are also critically reviewed. We aim to provide the framework for researchers to undertake cell culture under O2 levels relevant to specific tissues and organs. We envisage that this review will facilitate a paradigm shift, enabling translation of findings under physiological conditions in vitro to disease pathology and the design of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Keeley
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London , London , United Kingdom
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33
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Zhang RG, Pan K, Hao Y, Yip CY, Ko WH. Anti-inflammatory action of HO-1/CO in human bronchial epithelium in response to cationic polypeptide challenge. Mol Immunol 2019; 105:205-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Liu M, Li J, Lv X, He Y. Bilirubin and its changes were negatively associated with diabetic kidney disease incidence and progression: A five-year's cohort study based on 5323 Chinese male diabetic patients. J Diabetes Complications 2018; 32:1012-1017. [PMID: 30135034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the association between baseline bilirubin (TBiL) and follow-up TBiL changes for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) incidence and progression based on a 5 years' cohort study. METHODS This cohort study was conducted in Beijing between 2009 and 2013. The subjects were consisted of 5342male diabetic patients with baseline retinopathy. Cox proportional risk model was used to calculate hazards ratio (HR). RESULTS The mean age of the 5342 diabetic patients was 78.68 ± 8.40 (65-102 yrs). The total five year incidence was 8.7% (95%CI: 7.9%-9.4%) for DKD and 10.5% (95%CI: 9.7%-11.3%) for eGFR decrease. The HR of baseline TBiL showed a decreasing trend for both DKD incidence and eGFR decrease. The HRs of baseline TBiL (per μmol/L increase) for DKD and eGFR decrease were 0.967(95%CI: 0.946-0.988) and 0.955(95%CI: 0.936-0.975) respectively. For follow-up TBiL changes, after adjusted for related co-variables and baseline TBiL levels (as continuous variable) in the model, the HRs (per μmol/L of follow-up TBiL changes) for DKD and eGFR decrease were 0.973(95%CI: 0.952-0.995) and 0.991(95%CI: 0.974-0.998) respectively. The results were similar when baseline TBiL and follow-up TBiL changes were used as tertiary variable. CONCLUSION Not only baseline TBiL, but also follow-up changes were significantly associated with DKD incidence and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- The third outpatient department of the General Logistics Department, Beijing 10039, China
| | - Xianyu Lv
- The third outpatient department of the General Logistics Department, Beijing 10039, China
| | - Yao He
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
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35
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Matic LP, Jesus Iglesias M, Vesterlund M, Lengquist M, Hong MG, Saieed S, Sanchez-Rivera L, Berg M, Razuvaev A, Kronqvist M, Lund K, Caidahl K, Gillgren P, Pontén F, Uhlén M, Schwenk JM, Hansson GK, Paulsson-Berne G, Fagman E, Roy J, Hultgren R, Bergström G, Lehtiö J, Odeberg J, Hedin U. Novel Multiomics Profiling of Human Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques and Plasma Reveals Biliverdin Reductase B as a Marker of Intraplaque Hemorrhage. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2018; 3:464-480. [PMID: 30175270 PMCID: PMC6115646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Clinical tools to identify individuals with unstable atherosclerotic lesions are required to improve prevention of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Here, a systems-based analysis of atherosclerotic plaques and plasma from patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy for stroke prevention was used to identify molecular signatures with a causal relationship to disease. Local plasma collected in the lesion proximity following clamping prior to arteriotomy was profiled together with matched peripheral plasma. This translational workflow identified biliverdin reductase B as a novel marker of intraplaque hemorrhage and unstable carotid atherosclerosis, which should be investigated as a potential predictive biomarker for cardiovascular events in larger cohorts.
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Key Words
- BLVR, biliverdin reductase
- BiKE, Biobank of Karolinska Endarterectomies
- CAC, coronary artery calcium
- CEA, carotid endarterectomy
- HMOX, heme oxygenase
- Hb, hemoglobin
- Hp, haptoglobin
- IPH, intraplaque hemorrhage
- LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry
- TMT, tandem mass tags
- atherosclerosis
- biomarkers
- intraplaque hemorrhage
- mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid
- omics analyses
- translational studies
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubica Perisic Matic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Jesus Iglesias
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Vesterlund
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mariette Lengquist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mun-Gwan Hong
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shanga Saieed
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Sanchez-Rivera
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Berg
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Razuvaev
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Kronqvist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kent Lund
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Caidahl
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Gillgren
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Pontén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jochen M Schwenk
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran K Hansson
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Erika Fagman
- Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joy Roy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rebecka Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Bergström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Janne Lehtiö
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacob Odeberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Coagulation Unit, Centre for Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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36
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Bu T, Wang C, Meng Q, Huo X, Sun H, Sun P, Zheng S, Ma X, Liu Z, Liu K. Hepatoprotective effect of rhein against methotrexate-induced liver toxicity. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 834:266-273. [PMID: 30031796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of rhein, a major metabolite of diacerein, on methotrexate (MTX)-induced hepatotoxicity and clarify the pharmacological mechanism. Rhein significantly reduced the elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) caused by MTX in rat serum and improved liver morphological damage induced by MTX. Moreover, rhein increased the cell survival rate and reduced the number of apoptosis cells in MTX-treated normal human hepatocyte (L02 cells). Rhein treatment in rats up-regulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), and down-regulated Bcl-2 associated x (Bax) in mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, rhein treatment further decreased protein expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and cysteine aspartic acid specific protease 3 (Caspase-3), increased protein expression of B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xl), and reduced mRNA expression of Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer (Bak) in MTX-treated rat liver in vivo. However, the protein expression changes of Nrf2, HO-1, GCLC, Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and Bax could be abrogated by Nrf2 antagonist brusatol. In addition, protective effect of rhein against MTX-mediated liver damage could also be suppressed by Nrf2 siRNA in L02 cells. Taken together, these findings suggested that rhein ameliorated liver damage mediated by MTX through acting on Nrf2-HO-1 pathway. NF-κB, TNF-α, Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 family were also participated in the protection. As effectively hepatoprotective ability of rhein, it would raise an important issue for patients orally receiving MTX treatment together with diacerein/rhein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianci Bu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Pengyuan Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Siqi Zheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacokinetics and Transport, Liaoning, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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Xueshuantong injection (lyophilized) combined with salvianolate lyophilized injection protects against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats through attenuation of oxidative stress. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:998-1011. [PMID: 29022576 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvianolate lyophilized injection (SLI) and Xueshuantong injection (lyophilized) (XST) are two herbal standardized preparations that have been widely used in China for the treatment of acute cerebral infarction. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of SLI combined with XST in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAO/R). Wistar rats were subjected to 1.5 h of MCAO followed by reperfusion for 3 h, then were treated with SLI or XST alone, or with their combinations via tail vein injection daily for 3 d. Edaravone (EDI, 6 mg·kg-1·d-1) was used as a positive control drug, We showed that administration of a combination of 1X1S (XST 100 mg·kg-1·d-1 plus SLI 21 mg·kg-1·d-1) more effectively protected the ischemic brains than SLI or XST used alone. Administration of 1X1S not only significantly decreased neurological deficit scores and infarct volumes and increased regional cerebral blood flow, but also inhibited the activation of both microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus. Furthermore, administration of 1X1S significantly decreased the levels of MDA and ROS with concomitant increases in the levels of antioxidant activity (SOD, CAT and GSH) in the brain tissues as compared with SLI and XST used alone. Moreover, administration of 1X1S remarkably upregulated the expression of Nrf-2, HO-1 and NQO-1, and downregulated the expression of Keap1 and facilitated the nuclear translocation of Nrf-2 in the brain tissues as compared with XST used alone. Our study demonstrates that a combination of 1X1S effectively protects MCAO/R injury via suppressing oxidative stress and the Nrf-2/Keap1 pathway.
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Fibronectin Type III Domain Containing 4 attenuates hyperlipidemia-induced insulin resistance via suppression of inflammation and ER stress through HO-1 expression in adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:129-136. [PMID: 29787756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although Fibronectin Type III Domain Containing 4 (FNDC4) has been reported to be involved in the modulation of inflammation in macrophages, its effects on inflammation and insulin resistance in adipose tissue are unknown. In the current study, we investigated the effects of FNDC4 on hyperlipidemia-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance in adipocytes via the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-mediated pathway. Hyperlipidemia-induced nuclear factor κB (NFκB), inhibitory κBα (IκBα) phosphorylation, and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and MCP-1 were markedly mitigated by FNDC4. Furthermore, FNDC4 treatment attenuated impaired insulin signaling in palmitate-treated differentiated 3T3-L1 cells and in subcutaneous adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice. FNDC4 administration ameliorated glucose intolerance and reduced HFD-induced body weight gain in mice. However, FNDC4 treatment did not affect calorie intake. Additionally, treatment with FNDC4 attenuated hyperlipidemia-induced phosphorylation or expression of ER stress markers such as IRE-1, eIF2α, and CHOP in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in subcutaneous adipose tissue of mice. FNDC4 treatment stimulated AMPK phosphorylation and HO-1 expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in subcutaneous adipose tissue of mice. siRNA-mediated suppression of AMPK and HO-1 abrogated the suppressive effects of FNDC4 on palmitate-induced ER stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. In conclusion, our results show that FNDC4 ameliorates insulin resistance via AMPK/HO-1-mediated suppression of inflammation and ER stress, indicating that FNDC4 may be a novel therapeutic agent for treating insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Kim DS, Song L, Wang J, Wu H, Gou W, Cui W, Kim JS, Wang H. Carbon Monoxide Inhibits Islet Apoptosis via Induction of Autophagy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1309-1322. [PMID: 28826228 PMCID: PMC5905947 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM Carbon monoxide (CO) functions as a therapeutic molecule in various disease models because of its anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties. We investigated the capacity of CO to reduce hypoxia-induced islet cell death and dysfunction in human and mouse models. RESULTS Culturing islets in CO-saturated medium protected them from hypoxia-induced apoptosis and preserved β cell function by suppressing expression of proapoptotic (Bim, PARP, Cas-3), proinflammatory (TNF-α), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (glucose-regulated protein 94, grp94, CHOP) proteins. The prosurvival effects of CO on islets were attenuated when autophagy was blocked by specific inhibitors or when either ATG7 or ATG16L1, two essential factors for autophagy, was downregulated by siRNA. In vivo, CO exposure reduced both inflammation and cell death in grafts immediately after transplantation, and enhanced long-term graft survival of CO-treated human and mouse islet grafts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD-SCID) or C57BL/6 recipients. INNOVATION These findings underline that pretreatment with CO protects islets from hypoxia and stress-induced cell death via upregulation of ATG16L1-mediated autophagy. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that CO exposure may provide an effective means to enhance survival of grafts in clinical islet cell transplantation, and may be beneficial in other diseases in which inflammation and cell death pose impediments to achieving optimal therapeutic effects. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1309-1322.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Sung Kim
- 1 Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Lili Song
- 1 Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jingjing Wang
- 1 Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Hongju Wu
- 2 Department of Medicine, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Wenyu Gou
- 1 Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Wanxing Cui
- 3 Medstar Georgetown University Hospital , Washington DC
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- 4 Department of Surgery, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Hongjun Wang
- 1 Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
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Rao Z, Zhang N, Xu N, Pan Y, Xiao M, Wu J, Zhou H, Yang S, Chen Y. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Inhibits LPS-Induced High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) Secretion via Targeting the NF-E2-Related Factor 2-Hemeoxygenase-1-HMGB1 Pathway in Macrophages. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1308. [PMID: 29085368 PMCID: PMC5650703 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D3] is recognized as a key mediator of inflammatory diseases, including sepsis. Clinical studies demonstrate that 1,25 (OH)2D3 protects patients from sepsis, but clinical treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 is rare. In this study, we report that 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment has beneficial effects and improves the survival rate in LPS-induced mouse sepsis model by blocking the secretion of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a key late regulator of sepsis. LPS-induced HMGB1 secretion is attenuated by 1,25(OH)2D3via blocking HMGB1 translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in macrophages. 1,25(OH)2D3 can induce the expression of hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), which is essential for blocking HMBG1 nuclear translocation and its secretion. When siHO-1 or an HO-1 inhibitor are used, the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on inhibition of HMGB1 secretion is suppressed. Considering that HO-1 is a downstream gene of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), we further confirm that Nrf2 activation can be activated by 1,25(OH)2D3 upon LPS exposure. Together, we provide evidence that 1,25(OH)2D3 attenuates LPS-induced HMGB1 secretion via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebing Rao
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengjun Xiao
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junxian Wu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunzi Chen
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Medical Centre for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Modulatory Mechanism of Polyphenols and Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in LPS Challenged Pregnancy Disorders. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8254289. [PMID: 29138679 PMCID: PMC5613688 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8254289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Early embryonic loss and adverse birth outcomes are the major reproductive disorders that affect both human and animals. The LPS induces inflammation by interacting with robust cellular mechanism which was considered as a plethora of numerous reproductive disorders such as fetal resorption, preterm birth, teratogenicity, intrauterine growth restriction, abortion, neural tube defects, fetal demise, and skeletal development retardation. LPS-triggered overproduction of free radicals leads to oxidative stress which mediates inflammation via stimulation of NF-κB and PPARγ transcription factors. Flavonoids, which exist in copious amounts in nature, possess a wide array of functions; their supplementation during pregnancy activates Nrf2 signaling pathway which encounters pregnancy disorders. It was further presumed that the development of strong antioxidant uterine environment during gestation can alleviate diseases which appear at adult stages. The purpose of this review is to focus on modulatory properties of flavonoids on oxidative stress-mediated pregnancy insult and abnormal outcomes and role of Nrf2 activation in pregnancy disorders. These findings would be helpful for providing new insights in ameliorating oxidative stress-induced pregnancy disorders.
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Piras S, Furfaro AL, Brondolo L, Passalacqua M, Marinari UM, Pronzato MA, Nitti M. Differentiation impairs Bach1 dependent HO-1 activation and increases sensitivity to oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7568. [PMID: 28790431 PMCID: PMC5548785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal adaptation to oxidative stress is crucially important in order to prevent degenerative diseases. The role played by the Nrf2/HO-1 system in favoring cell survival of neuroblastoma (NB) cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been investigated using undifferentiated or all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. While undifferentiated cells were basically resistant to the oxidative stimulus, ATRA treatment progressively decreased cell viability in response to H2O2. HO-1 silencing decreased undifferentiated cell viability when exposed to H2O2, proving the role of HO-1 in cell survival. Conversely, ATRA differentiated cells exposed to H2O2 showed a significantly lower induction of HO-1, and only the supplementation with low doses of bilirubin (0,5-1 μM) restored viability. Moreover, the nuclear level of Bach1, repressor of HO-1 transcription, strongly decreased in undifferentiated cells exposed to oxidative stress, while did not change in ATRA differentiated cells. Furthermore, Bach1 was displaced from HO-1 promoter in undifferentiated cells exposed to H2O2, enabling the binding of Nrf2. On the contrary, in ATRA differentiated cells treated with H2O2, Bach1 displacement was impaired, preventing Nrf2 binding and limiting HO-1 transcription. In conclusion, our findings highlight the central role of Bach1 in HO-1-dependent neuronal response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Piras
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Furfaro
- Giannina Gaslini Institute, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brondolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Passalacqua
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Umberto Maria Marinari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Adelaide Pronzato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mariapaola Nitti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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Mahmoud AM, Wilkinson FL, McCarthy EM, Moreno-Martinez D, Langford-Smith A, Romero M, Duarte J, Alexander MY. Endothelial microparticles prevent lipid-induced endothelial damage via Akt/eNOS signaling and reduced oxidative stress. FASEB J 2017; 31:4636-4648. [PMID: 28687612 PMCID: PMC5714503 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601244rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are endothelium-derived submicron vesicles that are released in response to diverse stimuli and are elevated in cardiovascular disease, which is correlated with risk factors. This study investigates the effect of EMPs on endothelial cell function and dysfunction in a model of free fatty acid (FFA) palmitate-induced oxidative stress. EMPs were generated from TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs and quantified by using flow cytometry. HUVECs were treated with and without palmitate in the presence or absence of EMPs. EMPs were found to carry functional eNOS and to protect against oxidative stress by positively regulating eNOS/Akt signaling, which restored NO production, increased superoxide dismutase and catalase, and suppressed NADPH oxidase and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, with the involvement of NF-erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1. Conversely, under normal conditions, EMPs reduced NO release and increased ROS and redox-sensitive marker expression. In addition, functional assays using EMP-treated mouse aortic rings that were performed under homeostatic conditions demonstrated a decline in endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, but restored the functional response under lipid-induced oxidative stress. These data indicate that EMPs harbor functional eNOS and potentially play a role in the feedback loop of damage and repair during homeostasis, but are also effective in protecting against FFA-induced oxidative stress; thus, EMP function is reflected by the microenvironment.-Mahmoud, A. M., Wilkinson, F. L., McCarthy, E. M., Moreno-Martinez, D., Langford-Smith, A., Romero, M., Duarte, J., Alexander, M. Y. Endothelial microparticles prevent lipid-induced endothelial damage via Akt/eNOS signaling and reduced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M Mahmoud
- Healthcare Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Fiona L Wilkinson
- Healthcare Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Eoghan M McCarthy
- Healthcare Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research Manchester, Central Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Moreno-Martinez
- Healthcare Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Langford-Smith
- Healthcare Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Duarte
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Yvonne Alexander
- Healthcare Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom; .,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Skin-derived precursors from human subjects with Type 2 diabetes yield dysfunctional vascular smooth muscle cells. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1801-1814. [PMID: 28424290 DOI: 10.1042/cs20170239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Few methods enable molecular and cellular studies of vascular aging or Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we report a new approach to studying human vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) pathophysiology by examining VSMCs differentiated from progenitors found in skin. Approach and results: Skin-derived precursors (SKPs) were cultured from biopsies (N=164, ∼1 cm2) taken from the edges of surgical incisions of older adults (N=158; males 72%; mean age 62.7 ± 13 years) undergoing cardiothoracic surgery, and differentiated into VSMCs at high efficiency (>80% yield). The number of SKPs isolated from subjects with T2D was ∼50% lower than those without T2D (cells/g: 0.18 ± 0.03, N=58 versus 0.40 ± 0.05, N=100, P<0.05). Importantly, SKP-derived VSMCs from subjects with T2D had higher Fluo-5F-determined baseline cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations (AU: 1,968 ± 160, N=7 versus 1,386 ± 170, N=13, P<0.05), and a trend toward greater Ca2+ cycling responses to norepinephrine (NE) (AUC: 177,207 ± 24,669, N=7 versus 101,537 ± 15,881, N=20, P<0.08) despite a reduced frequency of Ca2+ cycling (events s-1 cell-1: 0.011 ± 0.004, N=8 versus 0.021 ± 0.003, N=19, P<0.05) than those without T2D. SKP-derived VSMCs from subjects with T2D also manifest enhanced sensitivity to phenylephrine (PE) in an impedance-based assay (EC50 nM: 72.3 ± 63.6, N=5 versus 3,684 ± 3,122, N=9, P<0.05), and impaired wound closure in vitro (% closure: 21.9 ± 3.6, N=4 versus 67.0 ± 10.3, N=4, P<0.05). Compared with aortic- and saphenous vein-derived primary VSMCs, SKP-derived VSMCs are functionally distinct, but mirror defects of T2D also exhibited by primary VSMCs. CONCLUSION Skin biopsies from older adults yield sufficient SKPs to differentiate VSMCs, which reveal abnormal phenotypes of T2D that survive differentiation and persist even after long-term normoglycemic culture.
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Moreno-Navarrete JM, Ortega F, Rodríguez A, Latorre J, Becerril S, Sabater-Masdeu M, Ricart W, Frühbeck G, Fernández-Real JM. HMOX1 as a marker of iron excess-induced adipose tissue dysfunction, affecting glucose uptake and respiratory capacity in human adipocytes. Diabetologia 2017; 60:915-926. [PMID: 28243792 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Iron excess in adipose tissue is known to promote adipose tissue dysfunction. Here, we aimed to investigate the possible role of haem oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) in iron excess-induced adipose tissue dysfunction. METHODS Cross-sectionally, HMOX1 gene expression in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue was analysed in two independent cohorts (n = 234 and 40) in relation to obesity. We also evaluated the impact of weight loss (n = 21), weight gain (in rats, n = 20) on HMOX1 mRNA; HMOX1 mRNA levels during human adipocyte differentiation; the effects of inflammation and iron on adipocyte HMOX1; and the effects of HMOX1-induced activity on adipocyte mitochondrial respiratory function, glucose uptake and adipogenesis. RESULTS Adipose tissue HMOX1 was increased in obese participants (p = 0.01) and positively associated with obesity-related metabolic disturbances, and markers of iron accumulation, inflammation and oxidative stress (p < 0.01). HMOX1 was negatively correlated with mRNAs related to mitochondrial biogenesis, the insulin signalling pathway and adipogenesis (p < 0.01). These associations were replicated in an independent cohort. Bariatric surgery-induced weight loss led to reduced HMOX1 (0.024 ± 0.010 vs 0.010 ± 0.004 RU, p < 0.0001), whereas in rats, high-fat diet-induced weight gain resulted in increased Hmox1 mRNA levels (0.22 ± 0.15 vs 0.54 ± 0.22 RU, p = 0.005). These changes were in parallel with changes in BMI and adipose tissue markers of iron excess, adipogenesis and inflammation. In human adipocytes, iron excess and inflammation led to increased HMOX1 mRNA levels. HMOX1 induction (by haem arginate [hemin] administration), resulted in a significant reduction of mitochondrial respiratory capacity (including basal respiration and spare respiratory capacity), glucose uptake and adipogenesis in parallel with increased expression of inflammatory- and iron excess-related genes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION HMOX1 is an important marker of iron excess-induced adipose tissue dysfunction and metabolic disturbances in human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Hospital of Girona 'Dr Josep Trueta', Carretera de França s/n, 17007, Girona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain, .
| | - Francisco Ortega
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Hospital of Girona 'Dr Josep Trueta', Carretera de França s/n, 17007, Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Jèssica Latorre
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Hospital of Girona 'Dr Josep Trueta', Carretera de França s/n, 17007, Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - Sara Becerril
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Mònica Sabater-Masdeu
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Hospital of Girona 'Dr Josep Trueta', Carretera de França s/n, 17007, Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - Wifredo Ricart
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Hospital of Girona 'Dr Josep Trueta', Carretera de França s/n, 17007, Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, 17007, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Hospital of Girona 'Dr Josep Trueta', Carretera de França s/n, 17007, Girona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain, .
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, 17007, Spain.
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Mahmoud AM, Hussein OE, Hozayen WG, Abd El-Twab SM. Methotrexate hepatotoxicity is associated with oxidative stress, and down-regulation of PPARγ and Nrf2: Protective effect of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 270:59-72. [PMID: 28414158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA) is a bioactive component of licorice with promising hepatoprotective activity. However, its protective mechanism on methotrexate (MTX) hepatotoxicity in not well defined. We investigated the hepatoprotective effect of 18β-GA, pointing to the role of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and the redox-sensitive nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Wistar rats were orally administered 18β-GA (50 and 100 mg/kg) 7 days either before or after MTX injection. MTX induced significant increase in circulating liver function marker enzymes and bilirubin with concomitant declined albumin levels. Serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, and liver malondialdehyde and nitric oxide were significantly increased in MTX-induced rats. Treatment with 18β-GA significantly reduced serum enzymes of liver function, bilirubin and pro-inflammatory cytokines. 18β-GA attenuated MTX-induced oxidative stress and restored the antioxidant defenses. In addition, 18β-GA improved liver histological structure and decreased the expression of Bax whereas increased Bcl-2 expression. MTX-induced rats showed significant down-regulation of Nrf2, hemoxygenase-1 and PPARγ, an effect that was markedly reversed by 18β-GA supplemented either before or after MTX. In conclusion, 18β-GA protected against MTX-induced liver injury, possibly by activating Nrf2 and PPARγ, and subsequent attenuation of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Therefore, 18β-GA can provide protection against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.
| | - Omnia E Hussein
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Walaa G Hozayen
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt; Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Sanaa M Abd El-Twab
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
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Sigala F, Efentakis P, Karageorgiadi D, Filis K, Zampas P, Iliodromitis EK, Zografos G, Papapetropoulos A, Andreadou I. Reciprocal regulation of eNOS, H 2S and CO-synthesizing enzymes in human atheroma: Correlation with plaque stability and effects of simvastatin. Redox Biol 2017; 12:70-81. [PMID: 28214453 PMCID: PMC5312553 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying plaque destabilization remain obscure. We sought to elucidate the correlation between NO, H2S and CO-generating enzymes, nitro-oxidative stress and plaque stability in carotid arteries. Carotid atherosclerotic plaques were collected from 62 patients who had undergone endarterectomy due to internal artery stenosis. Following histological evaluation the plaques were divided into stable and unstable ones. To investigate the impact of simvastatin we divided patients with stable plaques, into those receiving and to those not receiving simvastatin. Expression and/or levels of p-eNOS/eNOS, pAkt/t-Akt, iNOS, cystathionine beta synthase (CBS), cystathionine gamma lyase (CSE), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), soluble guanyl cyclase sGCα1, sGCβ1, NOX-4 and HIF-1α were evaluated. Oxidative stress biomarkers malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrotyrosine (NT) were measured. NT levels were decreased in stable plaques with a concomitant increase of eNOS phosphorylation and expression and Akt activation compared to unstable lesions. An increase in HIF-1α, NOX-4, HO-1, iNOS, CBS and CSE expression was observed only in unstable plaques. 78% of patients under simvastatin were diagnosed with stable plaques whereas 23% of those not receiving simvastatin exhibited unstable plaques. Simvastatin decreased iNOS, HO-1, HIF-1α and CSE whilst it increased eNOS phosphorylation. In conclusion, enhanced eNOS and reduced iNOS and NOX-4 were observed in stable plaques; CBS and CSE positively correlated with plaque vulnerability. Simvastatin, besides its known effect on eNOS upregulation, reduced the HIF-1α and its downstream targets. The observed changes might be useful in developing biomarkers of plaque stability or could be targets for pharmacothepary against plaque vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fragiska Sigala
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, First Department of Surgery, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Efentakis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Karageorgiadi
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, First Department of Surgery, Athens, Greece; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstadinos Filis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, First Department of Surgery, Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevas Zampas
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios K Iliodromitis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Second University Dept. of Cardiology, Athens, Greece
| | - George Zografos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, First Department of Surgery, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece.
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48
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Mahmoud AM, Germoush MO, Alotaibi MF, Hussein OE. Possible involvement of Nrf2 and PPARγ up-regulation in the protective effect of umbelliferone against cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 86:297-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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49
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A novel role for small molecule glycomimetics in the protection against lipid-induced endothelial dysfunction: Involvement of Akt/eNOS and Nrf2/ARE signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:3311-3322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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50
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Carbon Monoxide Inhibits Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Replication by the Cyclic GMP/Protein Kinase G and NF-κB Signaling Pathway. J Virol 2016; 91:JVI.01866-16. [PMID: 27795439 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01866-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes significant economic losses to the pork industry worldwide each year. Our previous research demonstrated that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) can suppress PRRSV replication via an unknown molecular mechanism. In this study, inhibition of PRRSV replication was demonstrated to be mediated by carbon monoxide (CO), a downstream metabolite of HO-1. Using several approaches, we demonstrate that CO significantly inhibited PRRSV replication in both a PRRSV permissive cell line, MARC-145, and the predominant cell type targeted during in vivo PRRSV infection, porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). Our results showed that CO inhibited intercellular spread of PRRSV; however, it did not affect PRRSV entry into host cells. Furthermore, CO was found to suppress PRRSV replication via the activation of the cyclic GMP/protein kinase G (cGMP/PKG) signaling pathway. CO significantly inhibits PRRSV-induced NF-κB activation, a required step for PRRSV replication. Moreover, CO significantly reduced PRRSV-induced proinflammatory cytokine mRNA levels. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that CO exerts its anti-PRRSV effect by activating the cellular cGMP/PKG signaling pathway and by negatively regulating cellular NF-κB signaling. These findings not only provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of HO-1 inhibition of PRRSV replication but also suggest potential new control measures for future PRRSV outbreaks. IMPORTANCE PRRSV causes great economic losses each year to the swine industry worldwide. Carbon monoxide (CO), a metabolite of HO-1, has been shown to have antimicrobial and antiviral activities in infected cells. Our previous research demonstrated that HO-1 can suppress PRRSV replication. Here we show that endogenous CO produced through HO-1 catalysis mediates the antiviral effect of HO-1. CO inhibits PRRSV replication by activating the cellular cGMP/PKG signaling pathway and by negatively regulating cellular NF-κB signaling. These findings not only provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of HO-1 inhibition of PRRSV replication but also suggest potential new control measures for future PRRSV outbreaks.
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