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Leopold J, Prabutzki P, Engel KM, Schiller J. From Oxidized Fatty Acids to Dimeric Species: In Vivo Relevance, Generation and Methods of Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:7850. [PMID: 38067577 PMCID: PMC10708296 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of free fatty acids (FFAs) and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radicals (HO●) or hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is characteristic of inflammatory diseases, for instance, rheumatoid arthritis. Unsaturated fatty acids react with ROS yielding a variety of important products such as peroxides and chlorohydrins as primary and chain-shortened compounds (e.g., aldehydes and carboxylic acids) as secondary products. These modified fatty acids are either released from phospholipids by phospholipases or oxidatively modified subsequent to their release. There is increasing evidence that oligomeric products are also generated upon these processes. Fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are considered as very important products, but chlorinated compounds may be converted into dimeric and (with smaller yields) oligomeric products, as well. Our review is structured as follows: first, the different types of FFA oligomers known so far and the mechanisms of their putative generation are explained. Industrially relevant products as well as compounds generated from the frying of vegetable oils are also discussed. Second, the different opinions on whether dimeric fatty acids are considered as "friends" or "foes" are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Leopold
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany; (P.P.); (K.M.E.); (J.S.)
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Selyutina OY, Timoshnikov VA, Polyakov NE, Kontoghiorghes GJ. Metal Complexes of Omadine ( N-Hydroxypyridine-2-thione): Differences of Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Behavior in Light and Dark Conditions with Possible Toxicity Implications. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104210. [PMID: 37241949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Omadine or N-hydroxypyridine-2-thione and its metal complexes are widely used in medicine and show bactericidal, fungicidal, anticancer, and photochemical activity. The redox activity of omadine complexes with iron, copper, and zinc on lipid peroxidation under light and dark conditions has been investigated. The monitoring of the oxidation of linoleic acid micelles, resembling a model of lipid membrane, was carried out using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). It has been shown that the omadine-zinc complex can induce the oxidation of linoleic acid under light irradiation, whereas the complexes with iron and copper are photochemically stable. All the chelating complexes of omadine appear to be redox-inactive in the presence of hydrogen peroxide under dark conditions. These findings suggest that omadine can demonstrate antioxidant behavior in processes involving reactive oxygen species generation induced by transition metals (Fenton and photo-Fenton reactions). However, the omadine complex with zinc, which is widely used in shampoos and ointments, is photochemically active and may cause oxidative cell membrane damage when exposed to light, with possible implications to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Yu Selyutina
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics & Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Solid Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Nikolay E Polyakov
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics & Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Solid Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - George J Kontoghiorghes
- Postgraduate Research Institute of Science, Technology, Environment and Medicine, CY-3021 Limassol, Cyprus
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Ganesan R, Gupta H, Jeong JJ, Sharma SP, Won SM, Oh KK, Yoon SJ, Kim DJ, Suk KT. A metabolomics approach to the validation of predictive metabolites and phenotypic expression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Life Sci 2023; 322:121626. [PMID: 37003543 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming more common and severe. Individuals with NAFLD have an altered composition of gut- microbial metabolites. We used metabolomics profiling to identify microbial metabolites that could indicate gut-liver metabolic severity. Noninvasive biomarkers are required for NAFLD, especially for patients at high risk of disease progression. MAIN METHODS We compared the stool metabolomes, untargeted metabolomics, and clinical data of 80 patients. Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL: n = 16), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH: n = 26), and cirrhosis (n = 19) and healthy control individuals (HC: n = 19) were enrolled. The identified metabolites in NAFLD were evaluated by multivariate statistical analysis and metabolic pathotypic expression. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) were used to analyze metabolites. KEY FINDINGS Untargeted metabolomics was used to identify and quantify 103 metabolites. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess the metabolic discrimination of NAFL, NASH, and cirrhosis. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) levels were significantly lower in NAFLD patients, including those of acetate (p = 0.03), butyrate (p = 0.0008), and propionate. The stool cholic acid (p = 0.001) level was significantly increased in NAFLD patients. Palmitoylcarnitine and l-carnitine levels were significantly increased in NASH and cirrhosis patients. The phenotypic expression of these metabolites was linked to β-oxidation. SIGNIFICANCE We demonstrated a distinct metabolome profile in NAFLD patients with NAFL, NASH, and cirrhosis. We also discovered that the expression of certain metabolites and metabolic pathways was linked to NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haripriya Gupta
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Jeong
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Satya Priya Sharma
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Won
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Kwang Oh
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Yoon
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Tae Suk
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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Selyutina OY, Mastova AV, Polyakov NE. The Interaction of Anthracycline Based Quinone-Chelators with Model Lipid Membranes: 1H NMR and MD Study. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13010061. [PMID: 36676868 PMCID: PMC9861344 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Anthracycline antibiotics, e.g., doxorubicin, daunomycin, and other anthraquinones, are an important family of antitumor agents widely used in chemotherapy, which is currently the principal method for treating many malignancies. Thus, development of improved antitumor drugs with enhanced efficacy remains a high priority. Interaction of anthraquinone-based anticancer drugs with cell membranes attracts significant attention due to its importance in the eventual overcoming of multidrug resistance (MDR). The use of drugs able to accumulate in the cell membrane is one of the possible ways of overcoming MDR. In the present work, the aspects of interaction of anthraquinone 2-phenyl-4-(butylamino)naphtho[2,3-h]quinoline-7,12-dione) (Q1) with a model membrane were studied by means of NMR and molecular dynamics simulations. A fundamental shortcoming of anthracycline antibiotics is their high cardiotoxicity caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The important feature of Q1 is its ability to chelate transition metal ions responsible for ROS generation in vivo. In the present study, we have shown that Q1 and its chelating complexes penetrated into the lipid membrane and were located in the hydrophobic part of the bilayer near the bilayer surface. The chelate complex formation of Q1 with metal ions increased its penetration ability. In addition, it was found that the interaction of Q1 with lipid molecules could influence lipid mobility in the bilayer. The obtained results have an impact on the understanding of molecular mechanisms of Q1 biological activity.
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Koch E, Bagci M, Kuhn M, Hartung NM, Mainka M, Rund KM, Schebb NH. GC-MS analysis of oxysterols and their formation in cultivated liver cells (HepG2). Lipids 2023; 58:41-56. [PMID: 36195466 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxysterols play a key role in many (patho)physiological processes and they are potential biomarkers for oxidative stress in several diseases. Here we developed a rapid gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry-based method for the separation and quantification of 11 biologically relevant oxysterols bearing hydroxy, epoxy, and dihydroxy groups. Efficient chromatographic separation (resolution ≥ 1.9) was achieved using a medium polarity 35%-diphenyl/65%-dimethyl polysiloxane stationary phase material (30 m × 0.25 mm inner diameter and 0.25 μm film thickness). Based on thorough analysis of the fragmentation during electron ionization we developed a strategy to deduce structural information of the oxysterols. Optimized sample preparation includes (i) extraction with a mixture of n-hexane/iso-propanol, (ii) removal of cholesterol by solid phase extraction with unmodified silica, and (iii) trimethylsilylation. The method was successfully applied on the analysis of brain samples, showing consistent results with previous studies and a good intra- and interday precision of ≤20%. Finally, we used the method for the investigation of oxysterol formation during oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Incubation with tert-butyl hydroperoxide led to a massive increase in free radical formed oxysterols (7-keto-chol > 7β-OH-chol >> 7α-OH-chol), while 24 h incubation with the glutathione peroxidase 4 inhibitor RSL3 showed no increase in oxidative stress based on the oxysterol pattern. Overall, the new method described here enables the robust analysis of a biologically meaningful pattern of oxysterols with high sensitivity and precision allowing us to gain new insights in the biological formation and role of oxysterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Koch
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Mustafa Bagci
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Michael Kuhn
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nicole M Hartung
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Malwina Mainka
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Katharina M Rund
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
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Wang YF, Chang YY, Zhang XM, Gao MT, Zhang QL, Li X, Zhang L, Yao WF. Salidroside protects against osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and promoting osteogenesis via Nrf2 activation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:154020. [PMID: 35278902 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis (OP) is characterized as low bone mass, bone microarchitecture breakdown and bone fragility. The increase of oxidative stress could lead to breakdown in the balance of bone formation and resorption which gives rise to OP. Nrf2 is a transcription factor which takes part in oxidative stress and recently was reported that it can regulate the occurrence of OP. Salidroside (SAL) with the efficacies of anti-oxidation, anti-aging and bone-protection is one of the active ingredients in Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. Nevertheless, few studies have explored the potential mechanism of SAL preventing OP development from the perspective of oxidative stress intervention. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the pharmacological effect and molecular mechanisms of SAL on OP. STUDY DESIGNS AND METHODS A tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative stress model was applied for investigating the effects of SAL in vitro, and an ovariectomized (OVX) model was used for in vivo study on the effect of SAL for OP. Related pharmacodynamic actions and molecular mechanisms of SAL were explored in both rat osteoblasts (ROBs) and OVX rats. Network biology and cell metabolomics were performed for further investigating the correlation and association among potential biomarkers, targets and pathways. RESULTS SAL reduced levels of ROS and lipid peroxidation (LPO), increased activities of antioxidant enzymes like GPx and SOD, and enhanced osteogenic differentiation in t-BHP-induced ROBs and OVX rats. Mechanistic studies showed SAL prevented OP development and reduced oxidative damage in ROBs and OVX rats through up-regulating Nrf2 expression and facilitating its nuclear translocation. The joint analysis of network biology and cell metabolomics revealed that galactose metabolism and fatty acid metabolism could be the major influenced pathways following treatment with SAL. CONCLUSION SAL could protect against OP by inhibiting oxidative stress, promoting osteogenesis through the up-regulation of Nrf2 and intervening galactose metabolism and fatty acid metabolism. Our study implied that SAL may be a potential drug to treat OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yue-Yue Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xue-Meng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Meng-Ting Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Qiu-Lan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei-Feng Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Selyutina OY, Kononova PA, Koshman VE, Fedenok LG, Polyakov NE. The Interplay of Ascorbic Acid with Quinones-Chelators—Influence on Lipid Peroxidation: Insight into Anticancer Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020376. [PMID: 35204258 PMCID: PMC8869476 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid is a multifaceted compound that can perform both antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities in the redox reactions induced by transition metal ions, so its role in nature and especially in the human body is still the subject of debate. In the present study, we have examined the influence of ascorbic acid on lipid peroxidation in a model system that mimics the cell membrane, namely micelles of linoleic acid (LA), induced by chelate complexes of iron and copper ions with quinone-chelator 2-phenyl-4-(butylamino)-naphtholquinoline-7,12-dione (Q1). This quinone effectively generates reactive oxygen species and semiquinone radicals inside cancer cells via a cycling redox reaction. Here it was demonstrated that in the absence of quinone-chelator ascorbic acid significantly accelerates the lipid peroxidation induced by both Fe(II) and Cu(II) ions. It has been shown also that Q1 chelate complexes with Fe(II) and Cu(II) ions are redox active in the LA micelles oxidation. No effect of ascorbate was detected on the reactivity of chelate complex with Fe(II) ions. On the other hand, ascorbate performs pro-oxidant activity in Q1-Cu(II) complex induced reaction. We can conclude that ascorbate-driven redox cycling of Q1 may promote its anti-tumor activity.
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Selyutina OY, Kononova PA, Koshman VE, Shelepova EA, Azad MG, Afroz R, Dharmasivam M, Bernhardt PV, Polyakov NE, Richardson DR. Ascorbate-and iron-driven redox activity of Dp44mT and emodin facilitates peroxidation of micelles and bicelles. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1866:130078. [PMID: 34974127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron (Fe)-induced oxidative stress leads to reactive oxygen species that damage biomembranes, with this mechanism being involved in the activity of some anti-cancer chemotherapeutics. METHODS Herein, we compared the effect of Fe complexes of the ligand, di-2-pyridylketone 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT), or the potential ligand, Emodin, on lipid peroxidation in cell membrane models (micelles and bicelles). These studies were performed in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the absence or presence of ascorbate. RESULTS In the absence of ascorbate, Fe(II)/Emodin mixtures incubated with H2O2 demonstrated slight pro-oxidant properties on micelles versus Fe(II) alone, while the Fe(III)-Dp44mT complex exhibited marked antioxidant properties. Examining more physiologically relevant phospholipid-containing bicelles, the Fe(II)- and Fe(III)-Dp44mT complexes demonstrated antioxidant activity without ascorbate. Upon adding ascorbate, there was a significant increase in the peroxidation of micelles and bicelles in the presence of unchelated Fe(II) and H2O2. The addition of ascorbate to Fe(III)-Dp44mT substantially increased the peroxidation of micelles and bicelles, with the Fe(III)-Dp44mT complex being reduced by ascorbate to the Fe(II) state, explaining the increased reactivity. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrated ascorbyl radical anion generation after mixing ascorbate and Emodin, with signal intensity being enhanced by H2O2. This finding suggested Emodin semiquinone radical formation that could play a role in its reactivity via ascorbate-driven redox cycling. Examining cultured melanoma cells in vitro, ascorbate at pharmacological levels enhanced the anti-proliferative activity of Dp44mT and Emodin. CONCLUSIONS AND GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Ascorbate-driven redox cycling of Dp44mT and Emodin promotes their anti-proliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Yu Selyutina
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya St., 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Kutateladze St., 18, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - P A Kononova
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya St., 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V E Koshman
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya St., 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E A Shelepova
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya St., 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M Gholam Azad
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - R Afroz
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - M Dharmasivam
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - P V Bernhardt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - N E Polyakov
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya St., 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Kutateladze St., 18, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - D R Richardson
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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Cardiac Biomarkers and Autoantibodies in Endurance Athletes: Potential Similarities with Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Pathogenic Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126500. [PMID: 34204386 PMCID: PMC8235133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The “Extreme Exercise Hypothesis” states that when individuals perform training beyond the ideal exercise dose, a decline in the beneficial effects of physical activity occurs. This is due to significant changes in myocardial structure and function, such as hemodynamic alterations, cardiac chamber enlargement and hypertrophy, myocardial inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and conduction changes. In addition, an increased amount of circulating biomarkers of exercise-induced damage has been reported. Although these changes are often reversible, long-lasting cardiac damage may develop after years of intense physical exercise. Since several features of the athlete’s heart overlap with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), the syndrome of “exercise-induced ACM” has been postulated. Thus, the distinction between ACM and the athlete’s heart may be challenging. Recently, an autoimmune mechanism has been discovered in ACM patients linked to their characteristic junctional impairment. Since cardiac junctions are similarly impaired by intense physical activity due to the strong myocardial stretching, we propose in the present work the novel hypothesis of an autoimmune response in endurance athletes. This investigation may deepen the knowledge about the pathological remodeling and relative activated mechanisms induced by intense endurance exercise, potentially improving the early recognition of whom is actually at risk.
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da Costa Faria NR, Chaves-Filho AB, Alcantara LCJ, de Siqueira IC, Calcagno JI, Miyamoto S, de Filippis AMB, Yoshinaga MY. Plasma lipidome profiling of newborns with antenatal exposure to Zika virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009388. [PMID: 33930014 PMCID: PMC8115770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2015–2016 Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in Brazil was remarkably linked to the incidence of microcephaly and other deleterious clinical manifestations, including eye abnormalities, in newborns. It is known that ZIKV targets the placenta, triggering an inflammatory profile that may cause placental insufficiency. Transplacental lipid transport is delicately regulated during pregnancy and deficiency on the delivery of lipids such as arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids may lead to deficits in both brain and retina during fetal development. Here, plasma lipidome profiles of ZIKV exposed microcephalic and normocephalic newborns were compared to non-infected controls. Our results reveal major alterations in circulating lipids from both ZIKV exposed newborns with and without microcephaly relative to controls. In newborns with microcephaly, the plasma concentrations of hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE), primarily as 13-HODE isomer, derived from linoleic acid were higher as compared to normocephalic ZIKV exposed newborns and controls. Total HODE concentrations were also positively associated with levels of other oxidized lipids and several circulating free fatty acids in newborns, indicating a possible plasma lipidome signature of microcephaly. Moreover, higher concentrations of lysophosphatidylcholine in ZIKV exposed normocephalic newborns relative to controls suggest a potential disruption of polyunsaturated fatty acids transport across the blood-brain barrier of fetuses. The latter data is particularly important given the neurocognitive and neurodevelopmental abnormalities observed in follow-up studies involving children with antenatal ZIKV exposure, but normocephalic at birth. Taken together, our data reveal that plasma lipidome alterations associated with antenatal exposure to ZIKV could contribute to identification and monitoring of the wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes at birth and further, during childhood. Antenatal exposure to Zika virus (ZIKV) is linked to a wide range of clinical presentations at birth, from asymptomatic cases to microcephaly, and other neurocognitive and neurodevelopmental abnormalities manifested in the early childhood. Stratification of these clinical phenotypes in newborns with suspected antenatal ZIKV exposure is challenging, but critical to improve early assessment of rehabilitative interventions. In this study, plasma lipidome profiling of 274 lipid species was performed in both normocephalic and microcephalic newborns with antenatal ZIKV exposure and compared to non-infected controls. Multiple lipid species were independent predictors of antenatal ZIKV exposure. More specifically, microcephaly was strongly associated with an oxidized free fatty acid and ZIKV exposed normocephalic newborns exhibited higher plasma concentrations of lysophosphatidylcholine relative to controls. These findings emphasize the need for studies focused on the role of individual lipids in neuropathogenesis of ZIKV and raise the potential of plasma lipidome profiling for early diagnosis of newborns with suspected antenatal ZIKV exposure. To validate the predictive ability of this approach, prospective studies with a larger cohort of newborns are now required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Juan Ignacio Calcagno
- Maternidade Prof. José Maria de Magalhães Netto, State Health Secretary (Salvador), Bahia, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Yukio Yoshinaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Faroux JM, Borba A, Ureta MM, Tymczyszyn EE, Gomez-Zavaglia A. A combined approach of electronic spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations to assess model membrane oxidation pathways. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03685h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of lipid oxidation pathways using UV spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Faroux
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA, CCT-CONICET La Plata) RA1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - A. Borba
- CIEPQPF – Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, P-3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M. M. Ureta
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA, CCT-CONICET La Plata) RA1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - E. E. Tymczyszyn
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular – Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología – Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A. Gomez-Zavaglia
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA, CCT-CONICET La Plata) RA1900, La Plata, Argentina
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Kartha RV, Terluk MR, Brown R, Travis A, Mishra UR, Rudser K, Lau H, Jarnes JR, Cloyd JC, Weinreb NJ. Patients with Gaucher disease display systemic oxidative stress dependent on therapy status. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2020; 25:100667. [PMID: 33335836 PMCID: PMC7733024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2020.100667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by mutations in GBA1, which encodes for the lysosomal hydrolase enzyme, β-glucocerebrosidase. The resulting misfolded protein can trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress and an unfolded protein response within the affected cells. The enzyme deficiency leads to accumulation of its substrates, glucosylceramide and glucosylsphingosine, within macrophage lysosomes and with prominent disease manifestations in macrophage rich tissues. Resultant lysosomal pathology and impaired autophagy leads to redox imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunction and intracellular oxidative stress. Here we have systematically examined a role for oxidative stress in individuals affected by Gaucher disease. We compared multiple oxidative stress biomarkers in plasma and red blood cell samples from patients who are currently untreated, with those who are stable on standard-of-care therapy, and with healthy controls. We found significant differences in key oxidative stress biomarkers in untreated patients compared to healthy control. In treated patients, results generally fell between the controls and the untreated patients. Interestingly, even asymptomatic and minimally symptomatic untreated patients had evidence of significant systemic oxidative stress. We conclude that underlying oxidative stress may contribute to Gaucher disease pathophysiology including long-term adverse outcomes such as Parkinsonism and malignancies. Therapies targeting oxidative stress may prove useful as adjuvant treatments for Gaucher disease and other lysosomal storage disorders.
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Key Words
- ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme
- Antioxidants
- CHITO, chitotriosidase
- CNS, central nervous system
- ERT, enzyme replacement therapy
- GCase, glucocerebrosidase
- GD, Gaucher disease
- GD1, Type 1 Gaucher disease
- GD2, Type 2 Gaucher disease
- GD3, Type 3 Gaucher disease
- GPG, Glycine-Proline-Glutamate
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GSH, glutathione
- GSSG, inactive, oxidized form of glutathione
- Gaucher disease
- Glutathione
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
- Lipid peroxidation
- Lyso-GL1, glucosylsphingosine
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NYU, New York University
- Oxidative stress
- RBC, red blood cell
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- SRT, substrate reduction therapy
- TAC, total antioxidant capacity
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- TRAP, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase
- UMN, University of Minnesota
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena V Kartha
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Marcia R Terluk
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Roland Brown
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Abigail Travis
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Usha R Mishra
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Kyle Rudser
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Heather Lau
- Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jeanine R Jarnes
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.,University of Minnesota Medical Center/Fairview Health Systems, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - James C Cloyd
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Neal J Weinreb
- Department of Human Genetics and Medicine (Hematology), Leonard Miller School of Medicine of University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress: Focus on the Central Nervous System. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060492. [PMID: 32516892 PMCID: PMC7346204 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a category I human carcinogen, is a well-known widespread environmental pollutant. Chronic Cd exposure affects different organs and tissues, such as the central nervous system (CNS), and its deleterious effects can be linked to indirect reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Since Cd is predominantly present in +2 oxidation state, it can interplay with a plethora of channels and transporters in the cell membrane surface in order to enter the cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production, glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation are reviewed in order to better characterize the Cd-elicited molecular pathways. Furthermore, Cd effects on different CNS cell types have been highlighted to better elucidate its role in neurodegenerative disorders. Indeed, Cd can increase blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and promotes Cd entry that, in turn, stimulates pericytes in maintaining the BBB open. Once inside the CNS, Cd acts on glial cells (astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes) triggering a pro-inflammatory cascade that accounts for the Cd deleterious effects and neurons inducing the destruction of synaptic branches.
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Suganuma H, McPhee AJ, Collins CT, Liu G, Leemaqz S, Andersen CC, Ikeda N, Ohkawa N, Taha AY, Gibson RA. Intravenous fat induces changes in PUFA and their bioactive metabolites: Comparison between Japanese and Australian preterm infants. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 156:102026. [PMID: 31753522 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.102026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxylipins are biologically active signaling molecules that initiate and resolve inflammation; they are synthesized by oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reflect PUFA intake and status. The PUFA intake in preterm infants differs between countries because of the type of lipid emulsions used and the PUFA content of breast milk. We compared total blood PUFA, free PUFA and their oxylipin levels in dried whole blood samples from preterm infants born in Australia and Japan. METHODS We enrolled 30 and 14 preterm infants born less than 31 weeks' gestation, from Adelaide and Japan respectively. Blood samples were obtained from cord blood, and on postnatal days 4, 7, 14 and 28. Total PUFAs were measured using gas chromatography, while free fatty acids and oxylipins were screened using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy. RESULTS Differences in the levels of blood PUFA between the centres were found which were in line with the timing and type of lipid emulsion administration. Significant differences in longitudinal levels were seen more often in free PUFA and their oxylipins than in total blood PUFA. This was particularly true for AA and DHA. In contrast, differences in the levels could be seen in total blood EPA, as well as in free EPA and its oxylipins. Further, levels of many free PUFA and their oxylipins were higher in Japanese infants than in Australian infants. CONCLUSION Differences in total and free fatty acids and unesterified oxylipins, were observed during the first weeks of life and between preterm infants born in Australia and Japan, which were likely a reflection of the type of lipid emulsion and timing of administration. The clinical significance of these changes remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Suganuma
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew J McPhee
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Neonatal Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Carmel T Collins
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ge Liu
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shalem Leemaqz
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Chad C Andersen
- Neonatal Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Naho Ikeda
- Neonatal Center, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Natsuki Ohkawa
- Neonatal Center, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ameer Y Taha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Robert A Gibson
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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15
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Inhibitory Effect and Mechanism of Action of Quercetin and Quercetin Diels-Alder anti-Dimer on Erastin-Induced Ferroptosis in Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030205. [PMID: 32131401 PMCID: PMC7139729 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the anti-ferroptosis effects of catecholic flavonol quercetin and its metabolite quercetin Diels-Alder anti-dimer (QDAD) were studied using an erastin-treated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (bmMSCs) model. Quercetin exhibited higher anti-ferroptosis levels than QDAD, as indicated by 4,4-difluoro-5-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-undecanoic acid (C11-BODIPY), 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluoroscein diacetate (H2DCFDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), and flow cytometric assays. To understand the possible pathways involved, the reaction product of quercetin with the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH●) was measured using ultra-performance liquid-chromatography coupled with electrospray-ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). Quercetin was found to produce the same clusters of molecular ion peaks and fragments as standard QDAD. Furthermore, the antioxidant effects of quercetin and QDAD were compared by determining their 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide radical-scavenging, Cu2+-reducing, Fe3+-reducing, lipid peroxidation-scavenging, and DPPH●-scavenging activities. Quercetin consistently showed lower IC50 values than QDAD. These findings indicate that quercetin and QDAD can protect bmMSCs from erastin-induced ferroptosis, possibly through the antioxidant pathway. The antioxidant pathway can convert quercetin into QDAD-an inferior ferroptosis-inhibitor and antioxidant. The weakening has highlighted a rule for predicting the relative anti-ferroptosis and antioxidant effects of catecholic flavonols and their Diels-Alder dimer metabolites.
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Klevebro S, Juul SE, Wood TR. A More Comprehensive Approach to the Neuroprotective Potential of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Preterm Infants Is Needed-Should We Consider Maternal Diet and the n-6:n-3 Fatty Acid Ratio? Front Pediatr 2020; 7:533. [PMID: 31998669 PMCID: PMC6965147 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) are of importance for normal brain development. Adequate supply of LCPUFAs may be particularly important for preterm infants, because the third trimester is an important period of brain growth and accumulation of arachidonic acid (n-6 LCPUFA) and docosahexaenoic acid (n-3 LCPUFA). Fatty acids from the n-6 and n-3 series, particularly, have important functions in the brain as well as in the immune system, and their absolute and relative intakes may alter both the risk of impaired neurodevelopment and response to injury. This narrative review focuses on the potential importance of the n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio in preterm brain development. Randomized trials of post-natal LCPUFA supplementation in preterm infants are presented. Pre-clinical evidence, results from observational studies in preterm infants as well as studies in term infants and evidence related to maternal diet during pregnancy, focusing on the n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio, are also summarized. Two randomized trials in preterm infants have compared different ratios of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid intakes. Most of the other studies in preterm infants have compared formula supplemented with arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid to un-supplemented formula. No trial has had a comprehensive approach to differences in total intake of both n-6 and n-3 fatty acids during a longer period of neurodevelopment. The results from preclinical and clinical studies indicate that intake of LCPUFAs during pregnancy and post-natal development is of importance for neurodevelopment and neuroprotection in preterm infants, but the interplay between fatty acids and their metabolites is complex. The best clinical approach to LCPUFA supplementation and n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratio is still far from evident, and requires in-depth future studies that investigate specific fatty acid supplementation in the context of other fatty acids in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Klevebro
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Stockholm South General Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandra E. Juul
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Thomas R. Wood
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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17
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Sorokin AV, Kotani K, Elnabawi YA, Dey AK, Sajja AP, Yamada S, Ueda M, Harrington CL, Baumer Y, Rodante JA, Gelfand JM, Chen MY, Joshi AA, Playford MP, Remaley AT, Mehta NN. Association Between Oxidation-Modified Lipoproteins and Coronary Plaque in Psoriasis. Circ Res 2019; 123:1244-1254. [PMID: 30571459 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Psoriasis is a systemic inflammatory skin disease associated with cardiovascular disease and lipid dysfunction. However, traditional lipid parameters have limited prognostic value, whereas assessing oxidation-modified lipids in this inflammatory driven condition may capture additional risk. Recently, a study showed that psoriasis was associated with increased lipid-rich coronary plaques; therefore, investigating potential relationships with oxidation-modified lipids may speed understanding of increased cardiovascular disease in psoriasis. OBJECTIVE To understand whether oxidation-modified lipids associate with traditional lipid phenotypes, cardiometabolic disease biomarkers, and total coronary plaque, with focus on noncalcified burden (NCB) by coronary computed tomographic angiography in psoriasis. METHODS AND RESULTS Psoriasis subjects and controls (n=252) had profiling for oxidation-modified LDL (low-density lipoprotein), HDL (high-density lipoprotein), Lp(a) (lipoprotein[a]), cholesterol efflux capacity, lipoprotein particle size and number by NMR spectroscopy, and PON-1 (paraoxonase-1) activity. Blinded coronary computed tomographic angiography coronary artery disease characterization included total burden, NCB, and dense-calcified burden. Compared with healthy volunteers, psoriasis subjects were older (mean age, 50.1), had increased body mass index, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Psoriasis subjects had increase in oxidized Lp(a), Lp(a), and oxidized HDL (oxHDL; P <0.05 for all) with significant association of oxidized LDL (β=0.10; P=0.020) and oxHDL (β=-0.11; P=0.007) with NCB. Moreover, psoriasis subjects expressed significantly higher PON-1 (kU/µL) activity compared with healthy volunteers (8.55±3.21 versus 6.24±3.82; P=0.01). Finally, psoriasis treatment was associated with a reduction in oxHDL (U/mL; 203.79±88.40 versus 116.36±85.03; P<0.001) and with a concomitant decrease in NCB at 1 year (1.04±0.44 versus 0.95±0.32; P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Traditional lipids did not capture risk of lipid-rich plaque as assessed by NCB, whereas assaying oxidation-modification of lipids revealed significant association with oxidized LDL and oxHDL. The PON-1 activity was increased in psoriasis suggesting possible compensatory antioxidative effect. Psoriasis treatment was associated with a reduction in oxHDL. These findings support performance of larger studies to understand oxidation-modified lipids in inflammatory states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Sorokin
- From the Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, (A.V.S., Y.A.E., A.K.D., A.P.S., C.L.H., Y.B., J.A.R., M.Y.C., A.A.J., M.P.P., N.N.M.), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kazuhiko Kotani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-City, Tochigi, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Youssef A Elnabawi
- From the Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, (A.V.S., Y.A.E., A.K.D., A.P.S., C.L.H., Y.B., J.A.R., M.Y.C., A.A.J., M.P.P., N.N.M.), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Amit K Dey
- From the Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, (A.V.S., Y.A.E., A.K.D., A.P.S., C.L.H., Y.B., J.A.R., M.Y.C., A.A.J., M.P.P., N.N.M.), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Aparna P Sajja
- From the Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, (A.V.S., Y.A.E., A.K.D., A.P.S., C.L.H., Y.B., J.A.R., M.Y.C., A.A.J., M.P.P., N.N.M.), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Masashi Ueda
- Hokenkagaku-West, Co, Ltd, Kyoto-City, Japan (M.U.)
| | - Charlotte L Harrington
- From the Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, (A.V.S., Y.A.E., A.K.D., A.P.S., C.L.H., Y.B., J.A.R., M.Y.C., A.A.J., M.P.P., N.N.M.), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yvonne Baumer
- From the Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, (A.V.S., Y.A.E., A.K.D., A.P.S., C.L.H., Y.B., J.A.R., M.Y.C., A.A.J., M.P.P., N.N.M.), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Justin A Rodante
- From the Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, (A.V.S., Y.A.E., A.K.D., A.P.S., C.L.H., Y.B., J.A.R., M.Y.C., A.A.J., M.P.P., N.N.M.), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Joel M Gelfand
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine (J.M.G.).,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.M.G.)
| | - Marcus Y Chen
- From the Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, (A.V.S., Y.A.E., A.K.D., A.P.S., C.L.H., Y.B., J.A.R., M.Y.C., A.A.J., M.P.P., N.N.M.), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Aditya A Joshi
- From the Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, (A.V.S., Y.A.E., A.K.D., A.P.S., C.L.H., Y.B., J.A.R., M.Y.C., A.A.J., M.P.P., N.N.M.), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Martin P Playford
- From the Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, (A.V.S., Y.A.E., A.K.D., A.P.S., C.L.H., Y.B., J.A.R., M.Y.C., A.A.J., M.P.P., N.N.M.), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Section of Lipoprotein Metabolism, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch (A.T.R.), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nehal N Mehta
- From the Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Branch, (A.V.S., Y.A.E., A.K.D., A.P.S., C.L.H., Y.B., J.A.R., M.Y.C., A.A.J., M.P.P., N.N.M.), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Wu Y, Cai Q, Li L, Wang Y, Yang X. Comparison of the Changes in Fatty Acids and Triacylglycerols between Decapterus maruadsi and Trichiurus lepturus during Salt-dried Process. J Oleo Sci 2019; 68:769-779. [PMID: 31292339 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess19032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to reveal changes in fatty acids and triglycerides during the pickling process of white-fleshed and dark-fleshed fish with high-fat, to compare the changes of triacylglycerols (TAGs) and fatty acids (FAs) in round scad (Decapterus maruadsi, dark-fleshed) and hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus, white-fleshed) during salt-dried processing, ESI-MS/MS and GC-MS techniques were used to quantify. Lipid oxidation was evaluated via peroxide values (POVs), and thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS). A total of 31 and 27 FAs, 45 and 44 TAGs were quantified in round scad and hairtail, respectively. DHA (C22:6n3), palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), and oleic acid (C18:1n9) were the main FAs in round scad. POO (16:0/18:1/18:1), PPO (16:0/16:0/18:1), POD (16:0/18:1/22:6), and PPaO (16:0/16:1/18:1) were dominant TAGs in both species. Salt-dried processing significantly affected (p < 0.001) 7/5 FAs and 24/29 TAGs in round scad/hairtail. MUFAs changed significantly (p < 0.05) in dark-fleshed round scad; only SFAs and PUFAs changed in white-fleshed hairtail. Both species exhibited near-identical TAG compositions with different variation trends. More significant changes were observed in FAs at the half-dried stages and in TAGs (p < 0.05) at the salted stage. This coincided with the changing stages of POV and TBARS values that also increased significantly (p < 0.05) at the salted stages but peaked at the half-dried stages of both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Key Lab of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuxing Cai
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Key Lab of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China.,Guangxi College and Universities Key Laboratory Development and High-value Utilization of Beibu Gulf Seafood Resources, College of Food Engineering, Beibu Gulf University.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China
| | - Laihao Li
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Key Lab of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqi Wang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Key Lab of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China
| | - Xianqing Yang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences; Key Lab of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China
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Sampson C, Keens RH, Kattnig DR. On the magnetosensitivity of lipid peroxidation: two- versus three-radical dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:13526-13538. [PMID: 31210238 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01746a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical analysis of the putative magnetosensitivity of lipid peroxidation. We focus on the widely accepted radical pair mechanism (RPM) and a recently suggested idea based on spin dynamics induced in three-radical systems by the mutual electron-electron dipolar coupling (D3M). We show that, contrary to claims in the literature, lipid peroxides, the dominant chain carriers of the autoxidation process, have associated non-zero hyperfine coupling interactions. This suggests that their recombination could, in principle, be magnetosensitive due to the RPM. While the RPM indeed goes a long way to explaining magnetosensitivity in these systems, we show that the simultaneous interaction of three peroxyl radicals via the D3M can achieve larger magnetic field effects (MFE), even if the third radical is remote from the recombining radical pair. For randomly oriented three-radical systems, the D3M induces a low-field effect comparable to that of the RPM. The mechanism furthermore immunizes the spin dynamics to the presence of large exchange coupling interactions in the recombining radical pair, thereby permitting much larger MFE at magnetic field intensities comparable to the geomagnetic field than would be expected for the RPM. Based on these characteristics, we suggest that the D3M could be particularly relevant for MFE at low fields, provided that the local radical concentration is sufficient to allow for three-spin radical correlations. Eventually, our observations suggest that MFEs could intricately depend on radical concentration and larger effects could ensue under conditions of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Sampson
- Living Systems Institute and Department of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QD, UK.
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20
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Khoo HE, Azlan A, Abd Kadir NAA. Fatty Acid Profile, Phytochemicals, and Other Substances in Canarium odontophyllum Fat Extracted Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Front Chem 2019; 7:5. [PMID: 30766864 PMCID: PMC6365453 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to identify potential phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and other phytochemicals, as well as fatty acid profile and peptides in Canarium odontophyllum (CO) oil and oleoresin, extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide. LC-ESI-MS was applied in separation and tentative identification of phytochemicals in CO oil and oleoresin. Based on the results, 11 common fatty acids and their isomers, monoglycerides, diglycerides, as well as other types of lipid, were tentatively identified in the CO oil and oleoresin. The identified fatty acids consisted of saturated fatty acids (C8–C16), monounsaturated fatty acids (C16:1 and C18:1), polyunsaturated fatty acids (C18:2, C18:3, C18:4, and C20:3), and other unclassified fatty acids. The tentatively identified phenolic compounds were phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignans, and a phenolic monoester. Triterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and apocarotenoids were the terpenoids found in CO oil and oleoresin. Besides these typical bioactives, some volatiles, aromatic compounds, peptides, and other known and unknown phytochemicals were also tentatively identified in the oil and oleoresin of CO. Some of these compounds are new compounds identified in CO oil and oleoresin, which are not found in many other fruit oils. Although CO oil and oleoresin contain a small number of phytochemicals, their contribution as antioxidants may prevent several diseases. In this study, we hypothesized that CO oleoresin contains certain types of fatty acids that render its semi-solid together with other chemical components which are not found in CO oil. This is the first study that tentatively identified fatty acids, peptides, and potential phytochemicals in CO oil and oleoresin using LC-ESI-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hock Eng Khoo
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Malaysia.,Research Centre of Excellence for Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Azrina Azlan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Malaysia.,Research Centre of Excellence for Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Noor Atiqah Aizan Abd Kadir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Malaysia
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21
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Pirali T, Serafini M, Cargnin S, Genazzani AA. Applications of Deuterium in Medicinal Chemistry. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5276-5297. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Pirali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marta Serafini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Sarah Cargnin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Armando A. Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
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22
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Riad A, Narasimhulu CA, Deme P, Parthasarathy S. A Novel Mechanism for Atherosclerotic Calcification: Potential Resolution of the Oxidation Paradox. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:471-483. [PMID: 29237273 PMCID: PMC6034402 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM In this study, we tested the hypothesis that lipid peroxide-derived dicarboxylic acids (DCAs), by virtue of their ability to bind to calcium (Ca), might be involved in atherosclerotic calcification. We determined the ability of azelaic acid (AzA) to promote calcification in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs), identified AzA in human calcified atherosclerotic lesions, and compared its levels with control and noncalcified atherosclerotic lesions. RESULTS HASMCs efficiently converted 9-oxononanoic acid (ONA), a lipid peroxide-derived monocarboxylic aldehyde, to AzA. In vitro incubations of AzA micelles with HASMC resulted in the formation of Ca deposits, which contained AzA. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of human control uninvolved artery, noncalcified, and calcified lesions showed significant increase of AzA in calcified lesions compared with noncalcified and control tissues. Calcified mouse atherosclerotic lesions also showed substantial presence of AzA in Ca complexes. INNOVATION This study identifies a DCA, AzA, as an integral part of the Ca complex. The study also demonstrates the conversion of a lipid peroxidation product, ONA, as a potential source of AzA, and establishes the presence of AzA in calcified materials isolated from human and mouse lesions. CONCLUSION The presence of AzA as a Ca sequestering agent in atherosclerotic lesions (i) might indicate participation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) derived products in calcification, (ii) explain the potential correlation between calcification and overall plaque burden (as Ox-LDL has been suggested to be involved in atherogenesis), (iii) could contribute to plaque stabilization via its anti-inflammatory actions, and (iv) might explain why antioxidants failed to affect atherosclerosis in clinical studies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 471-483.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aladdin Riad
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida
| | | | - Pragney Deme
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida
| | - Sampath Parthasarathy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida
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23
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Thermodynamic selectivity of multicenter chemical reactions. A statistical quantification of a widespread intuitive approach and its application to reactions of fullerenes. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Sorokin AV, Domenichiello AF, Dey AK, Yuan ZX, Goyal A, Rose SM, Playford MP, Ramsden CE, Mehta NN. Bioactive Lipid Mediator Profiles in Human Psoriasis Skin and Blood. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1518-1528. [PMID: 29454560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated disease that represents a unique model for investigating inflammation at local and systemic levels. Bioactive lipid mediators (LMs) are potent compounds reported to play a role in the development and resolution of inflammation. Currently, it is not known to what extent these LMs are involved in psoriasis pathophysiology and related metabolic dysfunction. Here, we use targeted and untargeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approaches to quantify LMs in skin and peripheral blood from psoriasis patients and compared them with those of healthy individuals. Lesional psoriasis skin was abundant in arachidonic acid metabolites, as 8-, 12- and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, compared with adjacent nonlesional and skin from healthy individuals. Additionally, a linoleic acid-derived LM, 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, was significantly increased compared with healthy skin (607.9 ng/g vs. 5.4 ng/g, P = 0.001). These psoriasis skin differences were accompanied by plasma decreases in antioxidant markers, including glutathione, and impaired lipolysis characterized by lower concentrations of primary and secondary bile acids. In conclusion, our study shows that psoriasis skin and blood have disease-specific phenotype profiles of bioactive LMs represented by omega-6 fatty acid-oxidized derivatives. These findings provide insights into psoriasis pathophysiology that could potentially contribute to new biomarkers and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Sorokin
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anthony F Domenichiello
- Lipid Mediators, Inflammation, and Pain Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amit K Dey
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhi-Xin Yuan
- Lipid Mediators, Inflammation, and Pain Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Aditya Goyal
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shawn M Rose
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Clinical Development, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Martin P Playford
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher E Ramsden
- Lipid Mediators, Inflammation, and Pain Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Intramural Program of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nehal N Mehta
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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25
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Cipak Gasparovic A, Zarkovic N, Zarkovic K, Semen K, Kaminskyy D, Yelisyeyeva O, Bottari SP. Biomarkers of oxidative and nitro-oxidative stress: conventional and novel approaches. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1771-1783. [PMID: 27864827 PMCID: PMC5446576 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of oxidative stress (OS) that connects altered redox biology with various diseases was introduced 30 years ago and has generated intensive research over the past two decades. Whereas it is now commonly accepted that macromolecule oxidation in response to ROS is associated with a variety of pathologies, the emergence of NO as a key regulator of redox signalling has led to the discovery of the pathophysiological significance of reactive nitrogen species (RNS). RNS can elicit various modifications of macromolecules and lead to nitrative or nitro-OS. In order to investigate oxidative and nitro-OS in human and in live animal models, circulating biomarker assays have been developed. This article provides an overview of key biomarkers used to assess lipid peroxidation and NO/NO2 signalling, thereby stressing the necessity to analyse several OS biomarkers in relation to the overall (aerobic) metabolism and health condition of patients. In addition, the potential interest of heart rate variability as the non-invasive integrative biomarker of OS is discussed. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kamelija Zarkovic
- Division of Pathology, Clinical Hospital Centre, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Khrystyna Semen
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Medicine #2, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Danylo Kaminskyy
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic, and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Olha Yelisyeyeva
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Serge P Bottari
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1029, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble-Alps University Medical School, Grenoble, France
- Radioanalysis Laboratory, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Nieman DC, Mitmesser SH. Potential Impact of Nutrition on Immune System Recovery from Heavy Exertion: A Metabolomics Perspective. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9050513. [PMID: 28524103 PMCID: PMC5452243 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes effective and ineffective immunonutrition support strategies for the athlete, with a focus on the benefits of carbohydrates and polyphenols as determined from metabolomics-based procedures. Athletes experience regular cycles of physiological stress accompanied by transient inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune perturbations, and there are increasing data indicating that these are sensitive to nutritional influences. The most effective nutritional countermeasures, especially when considered from a metabolomics perspective, include acute and chronic increases in dietary carbohydrate and polyphenols. Carbohydrate supplementation reduces post-exercise stress hormone levels, inflammation, and fatty acid mobilization and oxidation. Ingestion of fruits high in carbohydrates, polyphenols, and metabolites effectively supports performance, with added benefits including enhancement of oxidative and anti-viral capacity through fruit metabolites, and increased plasma levels of gut-derived phenolics. Metabolomics and lipidomics data indicate that intensive and prolonged exercise is associated with extensive lipid mobilization and oxidation, including many components of the linoleic acid conversion pathway and related oxidized derivatives called oxylipins. Many of the oxylipins are elevated with increased adiposity, and although low in resting athletes, rise to high levels during recovery. Future targeted lipidomics-based studies will help discover whether n-3-polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3-PUFA) supplementation enhances inflammation resolution in athletes post-exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Nieman
- Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
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27
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Lu J, Chen B, Chen T, Guo S, Xue X, Chen Q, Zhao M, Xia L, Zhu Z, Zheng L, Yin H. Comprehensive metabolomics identified lipid peroxidation as a prominent feature in human plasma of patients with coronary heart diseases. Redox Biol 2017; 12:899-907. [PMID: 28472752 PMCID: PMC5415551 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a complex human disease associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. The underlying mechanisms and diagnostic biomarkers for the different types of CHD remain poorly defined. Metabolomics has been increasingly recognized as an enabling technique with the potential to identify key metabolomic features in an attempt to understand the pathophysiology and differentiate different stages of CHD. We performed comprehensive metabolomic analysis in human plasma from 28 human subjects with stable angina (SA), myocardial infarction (MI), and healthy control (HC). Subsequent analysis demonstrated a uniquely altered metabolic profile in these CHD: a total of 18, 37 and 36 differential metabolites were identified to distinguish SA from HC, MI from SA, and MI from HC groups respectively. Among these metabolites, glycerophospholipid (GPL) metabolism emerged as the most significantly disturbed pathway. Next, we used a targeted metabolomic approach to systematically analyze GPL, oxidized phospholipid (oxPL), and downstream metabolites derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as arachidonic acid and linoleic acid. Surprisingly, lipids associated with lipid peroxidation (LPO) pathways including oxidized PL and isoprostanes, isomers of prostaglandins, were significantly elevated in plasma of MI patients comparing to HC and SA, consistent with the notion that oxidative stress-induced LPO is a prominent feature in CHD. Our studies using the state-of-the-art metabolomics help to understand the underlying biological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of CHD; LPO metabolites may serve as potential biomarkers to differentiation MI from SA and HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Buxing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuyuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100000, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xinli Xue
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Qun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Zhengjiang Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lemin Zheng
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Huiyong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100000, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Nieva-Echevarría B, Goicoechea E, Manzanos MJ, Guillén MD. Fish in Vitro Digestion: Influence of Fish Salting on the Extent of Lipolysis, Oxidation, and Other Reactions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:879-891. [PMID: 28052192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A study of the various chemical reactions which take place during fish in vitro digestion and the potential effect of fish salting on their extent is addressed for the first time. Farmed European sea bass fillets, raw, brine-salted or dry-salted, were digested using a gastrointestinal in vitro model. Fish lipid extracts before and after digestion were analyzed by 1H NMR, and the headspace composition of the digestates was investigated by SPME-GC/MS. During digestion, not only lipolysis, but also fish lipid oxidation took place. This latter was evidenced by the generation of conjugated dienes supported on chains having also hydroperoxy- and hydroxy-groups (primary oxidation compounds), by the increase of volatile secondary oxidation products, and by the decrease of the antioxidant 2,6-di-tert-butyl-hydroxytoluene (BHT). Likewise, esterification and Maillard-type reactions also occurred. Salting, and especially dry-salting, enhanced all these reactions, except for lipolysis, during digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Nieva-Echevarría
- Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Paseo de la Universidad n° 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Encarnación Goicoechea
- Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Paseo de la Universidad n° 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - María J Manzanos
- Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Paseo de la Universidad n° 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - María D Guillén
- Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Paseo de la Universidad n° 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
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29
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Lu S, Han Y, Chu H, Kong L, Zhang A, Yan G, Sun H, Wang P, Wang X. Characterizing serum metabolic alterations of Alzheimer's disease and intervention of Shengmai-San by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Food Funct 2017; 8:1660-1671. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00154a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics approach describing the nervous protective mechanism of Shengmai-San (SMS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwen Lu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin
- China
| | - Ying Han
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin
- China
| | - Hang Chu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin
- China
| | - Ling Kong
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin
- China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin
- China
| | - Guangli Yan
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin
- China
| | - Hui Sun
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin
- China
| | - Ping Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin
- China
| | - Xijun Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin
- China
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30
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Chlorinated Phospholipids and Fatty Acids: (Patho)physiological Relevance, Potential Toxicity, and Analysis of Lipid Chlorohydrins. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8386362. [PMID: 28090245 PMCID: PMC5206476 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8386362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chlorinated phospholipids are formed by the reaction of hypochlorous acid (HOCl), generated by the enzyme myeloperoxidase under inflammatory conditions, and the unsaturated fatty acyl residues or the head group. In the first case the generated chlorohydrins are both proinflammatory and cytotoxic, thus having a significant impact on the structures of biomembranes. The latter case leads to chloramines, the properties of which are by far less well understood. Since HOCl is also widely used as a disinfecting and antibacterial agent in medicinal, industrial, and domestic applications, it may represent an additional source of danger in the case of abuse or mishandling. This review discusses the reaction behavior of in vivo generated HOCl and biomolecules like DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates but will focus on phospholipids. Not only the beneficial and pathological (toxic) effects of chlorinated lipids but also the importance of these chlorinated species is discussed. Some selected cleavage products of (chlorinated) phospholipids and plasmalogens such as lysophospholipids, (chlorinated) free fatty acids and α-chloro fatty aldehydes, which are all well known to massively contribute to inflammatory diseases associated with oxidative stress, will be also discussed. Finally, common analytical methods to study these compounds will be reviewed with focus on mass spectrometric techniques.
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Tiwari GJ, Liu Q, Shreshtha P, Li Z, Rahman S. RNAi-mediated down-regulation of the expression of OsFAD2-1: effect on lipid accumulation and expression of lipid biosynthetic genes in the rice grain. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:189. [PMID: 27581494 PMCID: PMC5007732 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0881-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bran from polished rice grains can be used to produce rice bran oil (RBO). High oleic (HO) RBO has been generated previously through RNAi down-regulation of OsFAD2-1. HO-RBO has higher oxidative stability and could be directly used in the food industry without hydrogenation, and is hence free of trans fatty acids. However, relative to a classic oilseed, lipid metabolism in the rice grain is poorly studied and the genetic alteration in the novel HO genotype remains unexplored. RESULTS Here, we have undertaken further analysis of role of OsFAD2-1 in the developing rice grain. The use of Illumina-based NGS transcriptomics analysis of developing rice grain reveals that knockdown of Os-FAD2-1 gene expression was accompanied by the down regulation of the expression of a number of key genes in the lipid biosynthesis pathway in the HO rice line. A slightly higher level of oil accumulation was also observed in the HO-RBO. CONCLUSION Prominent among the down regulated genes were those that coded for FatA, LACS, SAD2, SAD5, caleosin and steroleosin. It may be possible to further increase the oleic acid content in rice oil by altering the expression of the lipid biosynthetic genes that are affected in the HO line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Ji Tiwari
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- Monash University Malaysia Genomics Facility, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Qing Liu
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Pushkar Shreshtha
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Zhongyi Li
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, PO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Sadequr Rahman
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Monash University Malaysia Genomics Facility, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Nieman DC, Meaney MP, John CS, Knagge KJ, Chen H. 9- and 13-Hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids (9+13 HODE) are inversely related to granulocyte colony stimulating factor and IL-6 in runners after 2h running. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 56:246-52. [PMID: 27018002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study utilized a pro-inflammatory exercise mode to explore potential linkages between increases in 9- and 13-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid (9+13 HODE) and biomarkers for inflammation, oxidative stress, and muscle damage. Male (N=10) and female (N=10) runners ran at ∼70% VO2max for 1.5h followed by 30min of downhill running (-10%). Blood samples were taken pre-run and immediately-, 1-h-, and 24-h post-run, and analyzed for 9+13 HODE, F2-isoprostanes, six cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine kinase (CK), and myoglobin (MYO). Gender groups performed at comparable relative heart rate and oxygen consumption levels during the 2-h run. All outcome measures increased post-run (time effects, P⩽0.001), with levels near pre-run levels by 24h except for CRP, CK, MYO, and delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS). Plasma 9+13 HODE increased 314±38.4% post-run (P<0.001), 77.3±15.8% 1-h post-run (P<0.001), and 40.6±16.4% 24-h post-exercise (P=0.024), and F2-isoprostanes increased 50.8±8.9% post-run (P<0.001) and 19.0±5.3% 1-h post-run (P=0.006). Post-run increases were comparable between genders for all outcomes except for 9+13 HODE (interaction effect, P=0.024, post-run tending higher in females), IL-10 (P=0.006, females lower), and DOMS (P=0.029, females lower). The pre-to-post-run increase in 9+13 HODEs was not related to other outcomes except for plasma granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) (r=-0.710, P<0.001) and IL-6 (r=-0.457, P=0.043). Within the context of this study, exercise-induced increases in 9+13 HODEs tended higher in females, and were not related to increases in F2-isoprostanes, muscle damage, or soreness. The negative relationships to GCSF and IL-6 suggest a linkage between 9+13 HODES and exercise-induced neutrophil chemotaxis, degranulation, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Nieman
- Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States.
| | - Mary Pat Meaney
- Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Casey S John
- Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Kevin J Knagge
- Analytical Sciences, David H. Murdock Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Huiyuan Chen
- Analytical Sciences, David H. Murdock Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC, United States
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Xiao M, Du G, Zhong G, Yan D, Zeng H, Cai W. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Alterations in Mouse Plasma and Liver in Response to Fava Beans. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151103. [PMID: 26981882 PMCID: PMC4794218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Favism is a life-threatening hemolytic anemia resulting from the intake of fava beans by susceptible individuals with low erythrocytic glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity. However, little is known about the metabolomic changes in plasma and liver after the intake of fava beans in G6PD normal and deficient states. In this study, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to analyze the plasma and liver metabolic alterations underlying the effects of fava beans in C3H- and G6PD-deficient (G6PDx) mice, and to find potential biomarkers and metabolic changes associated with favism. Our results showed that fava beans induced oxidative stress in both C3H and G6PDx mice. Significantly, metabolomic differences were observed in plasma and liver between the control and fava bean treated groups of both C3H and G6PDx mice. The levels of 7 and 21 metabolites in plasma showed significant differences between C3H-control (C3H-C)- and C3H fava beans-treated (C3H-FB) mice, and G6PDx-control (G6PDx-C)- and G6PDx fava beans-treated (G6PDx-FB) mice, respectively. Similarly, the levels of 7 and 25 metabolites in the liver showed significant differences between C3H and C3H-FB, and G6PDx and G6PDx-FB, respectively. The levels of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and creatinine were significantly increased in the plasma of both C3H-FB and G6PDx-FB mice. In the liver, more metabolic alterations were observed in G6PDx-FB mice than in C3H-FB mice, and were involved in a sugar, fatty acids, amino acids, cholesterol biosynthesis, the urea cycle, and the nucleotide metabolic pathway. These findings suggest that oleic acid, linoleic acid, and creatinine may be potential biomarkers of the response to fava beans in C3H and G6PDx mice and therefore that oleic acid and linoleic acid may be involved in oxidative stress induced by fava beans. This study demonstrates that G6PD activity in mice can affect their metabolic pathways in response to fava beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Guankui Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Guobing Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Dongjing Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Huazong Zeng
- Shanghai Sensichip Infotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wangwei Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, China
- * E-mail:
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Calejo I, Moreira N, Araújo AM, Carvalho M, Bastos MDL, de Pinho PG. Optimisation and validation of a HS-SPME–GC–IT/MS method for analysis of carbonyl volatile compounds as biomarkers in human urine: Application in a pilot study to discriminate individuals with smoking habits. Talanta 2016; 148:486-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Interactions between Carotenoids from Marine Bacteria and Other Micronutrients: Impact on Stability and Antioxidant Activity. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:7020-39. [PMID: 26610529 PMCID: PMC4663564 DOI: 10.3390/md13117020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently isolated spore-forming pigmented marine bacteria Bacillus indicus HU36 are sources of oxygenated carotenoids with original structures (about fifteen distinct yellow and orange pigments with acylated d-glucosyl groups). In this study, we evaluated the stability (sensitivity to iron-induced autoxidation) and antioxidant activity (inhibition of iron-induced lipid peroxidation) of combinations of bacterial HU36 carotenoids with the bacterial vitamin menaquinone MQ-7 and with phenolic antioxidants (vitamin E, chlorogenic acid, rutin). Unexpectedly, MQ-7 strongly improves the ability of HU36 carotenoids to inhibit FeII-induced lipid peroxidation, although MQ-7 was not consumed in the medium. We propose that their interaction modifies the carotenoid antioxidant mechanism(s), possibly by allowing carotenoids to scavenge the initiating radicals. For comparison, β-carotene and lycopene in combination were shown to exhibit a slightly higher stability toward iron-induced autoxidation, as well as an additive antioxidant activity as compared to the carotenoids, individually. HU36 carotenoids and phenolic antioxidants displayed synergistic activities in the inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation induced by heme iron, but not by free iron. Synergism could arise from antioxidants interacting via electron transfer through the porphyrin nucleus of heme iron. Overall, combining antioxidants acting via complementary mechanisms could be the key for optimizing the activity of this bacterial carotenoid cocktail.
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Frijhoff J, Winyard PG, Zarkovic N, Davies SS, Stocker R, Cheng D, Knight AR, Taylor EL, Oettrich J, Ruskovska T, Gasparovic AC, Cuadrado A, Weber D, Poulsen HE, Grune T, Schmidt HHHW, Ghezzi P. Clinical Relevance of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:1144-70. [PMID: 26415143 PMCID: PMC4657513 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 537] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxidative stress is considered to be an important component of various diseases. A vast number of methods have been developed and used in virtually all diseases to measure the extent and nature of oxidative stress, ranging from oxidation of DNA to proteins, lipids, and free amino acids. RECENT ADVANCES An increased understanding of the biology behind diseases and redox biology has led to more specific and sensitive tools to measure oxidative stress markers, which are very diverse and sometimes very low in abundance. CRITICAL ISSUES The literature is very heterogeneous. It is often difficult to draw general conclusions on the significance of oxidative stress biomarkers, as only in a limited proportion of diseases have a range of different biomarkers been used, and different biomarkers have been used to study different diseases. In addition, biomarkers are often measured using nonspecific methods, while specific methodologies are often too sophisticated or laborious for routine clinical use. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Several markers of oxidative stress still represent a viable biomarker opportunity for clinical use. However, positive findings with currently used biomarkers still need to be validated in larger sample sizes and compared with current clinical standards to establish them as clinical diagnostics. It is important to realize that oxidative stress is a nuanced phenomenon that is difficult to characterize, and one biomarker is not necessarily better than others. The vast diversity in oxidative stress between diseases and conditions has to be taken into account when selecting the most appropriate biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Frijhoff
- 1 Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University , Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul G Winyard
- 2 University of Exeter Medical School , Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sean S Davies
- 4 Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee.,5 Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Roland Stocker
- 6 Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute , Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia .,7 School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Cheng
- 6 Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute , Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Annie R Knight
- 2 University of Exeter Medical School , Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jeannette Oettrich
- 1 Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University , Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tatjana Ruskovska
- 8 Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University , Stip, Macedonia
| | | | - Antonio Cuadrado
- 9 Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , ISCIII, Madrid, Spain .,10 Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC , Madrid, Spain .,11 Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) , Madrid, Spain .,12 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Weber
- 13 Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) , Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Henrik Enghusen Poulsen
- 14 Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark .,15 Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tilman Grune
- 13 Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) , Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Harald H H W Schmidt
- 1 Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University , Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- 16 Brighton and Sussex Medical School , Brighton, United Kingdom
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Milic I, Fedorova M. Derivatization and detection of small aliphatic and lipid-bound carbonylated lipid peroxidation products by ESI-MS. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1208:3-20. [PMID: 25323495 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1441-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Double bonds in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and lipids are one of the major targets of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The resulting lipid peroxidation products (LPP) represent a group of chemically diverse compounds formed by several consecutive oxidative reactions. Oxidative cleavage leads to the formation of small aliphatic and lipid-bound aldehydes and ketones (oxoLPPs). These strong electrophiles can readily react with nucleophilic substrates, for example, side chains in proteins which can alter structure, function, and cellular distribution of the modified proteins. Despite growing interest in the field of oxidative lipidomics, only a few dominantly formed oxoLPP were identified. Due to the chemical and physical properties, aliphatic oxoLPPs are usually analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC- MS), while nonvolatile lipid-bound oxoLPPs require liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). To overcome the need for the two analyses, we have developed a new derivatization strategy to capture all oxoLPP independent to their properties with electrospray ionization (ESI) MS allowing simultaneous detection of aliphatic and lipid-bound oxoLPPs. Thus, the 7-(diethylamino)coumarin-3-carbohydrazide (CHH) derivatization reagent allowed us to identify 122 carbonyl compounds in a mixture of four PUFA and phosphatidylcholines (PC) oxidized in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Milic
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Spiteller G, Afzal M. The action of peroxyl radicals, powerful deleterious reagents, explains why neither cholesterol nor saturated fatty acids cause atherogenesis and age-related diseases. Chemistry 2014; 20:14928-45. [PMID: 25318456 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cells respond to alterations in their membrane structure by activating hydrolytic enzymes. Thus, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are liberated. Free PUFAs react with molecular oxygen to give lipid hydroperoxide molecules (LOOHs). In case of severe cell injury, this physiological reaction switches to the generation of lipid peroxide radicals (LOO(·)). These radicals can attack nearly all biomolecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids and enzymes, impairing their biological functions. Identical cell responses are triggered by manipulation of food, for example, heating/grilling and particularly homogenization, representing cell injury. Cholesterol as well as diets rich in saturated fat have been postulated to accelerate the risk of atherosclerosis while food rich in unsaturated fatty acids has been claimed to lower this risk. However, the fact is that LOO(·) radicals generated from PUFAs can oxidize cholesterol to toxic cholesterol oxides, simulating a reduction in cholesterol level. In this review it is shown how active LOO(·) radicals interact with biomolecules at a speed transcending usual molecule-molecule reactions by several orders of magnitude. Here, it is explained how functional groups are fundamentally transformed by an attack of LOO(·) with an obliteration of essential biomolecules leading to pathological conditions. A serious reconsideration of the health and diet guidelines is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Spiteller
- University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95445 Bayreuth (Germany).
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Van Durme J, Nikiforov A, Vandamme J, Leys C, De Winne A. Accelerated lipid oxidation using non-thermal plasma technology: Evaluation of volatile compounds. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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40
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Nieman DC, Shanely RA, Luo B, Meaney MP, Dew DA, Pappan KL. Metabolomics approach to assessing plasma 13- and 9-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid and linoleic acid metabolite responses to 75-km cycling. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R68-74. [PMID: 24760997 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00092.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive oxidized linoleic acid metabolites (OXLAMs) include 13- and 9-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid (13-HODE + 9-HODE) and have been linked to oxidative stress, inflammation, and numerous pathological and physiological states. The purpose of this study was to measure changes in plasma 13-HODE + 9-HODE following a 75-km cycling bout and identify potential linkages to linoleate metabolism and established biomarkers of oxidative stress (F2-isoprostanes) and inflammation (cytokines) using a metabolomics approach. Trained male cyclists (N = 19, age 38.0 ± 1.6 yr, wattsmax 304 ± 10.5) engaged in a 75-km cycling time trial on their own bicycles using electromagnetically braked cycling ergometers (2.71 ± 0.07 h). Blood samples were collected preexercise, immediately post-, 1.5 h post-, and 21 h postexercise, and analyzed for plasma cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor), F2-isoprostanes, and shifts in metabolites using global metabolomics procedures with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). 13-HODE + 9-HODE increased 3.1-fold and 1.7-fold immediately post- and 1.5 h postexercise (both P < 0.001) and returned to preexercise levels by 21-h postexercise. Post-75-km cycling plasma levels of 13-HODE + 9-HODE were not significantly correlated with increases in plasma cytokines but were positively correlated with postexercise F2-isoprostanes (r = 0.75, P < 0.001), linoleate (r = 0.54, P = 0.016), arachidate (r = 0.77, P < 0.001), 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoate (12,13-DiHOME) (r = 0.60, P = 0.006), dihomo-linolenate (r = 0.57, P = 0.011), and adrenate (r = 0.56, P = 0.013). These findings indicate that prolonged and intensive exercise caused a transient, 3.1-fold increase in the stable linoleic acid oxidation product 13-HODE + 9-HODE and was related to increases in F2-isoprostanes, linoleate, and fatty acids in the linoleate conversion pathway. These data support the use of 13-HODE + 9-HODE as an oxidative stress biomarker in acute exercise investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Nieman
- Appalachian State University, Human Performance Lab, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina;
| | - R Andrew Shanely
- Appalachian State University, Human Performance Lab, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Beibei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Mary Pat Meaney
- Appalachian State University, Human Performance Lab, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Dustin A Dew
- Appalachian State University, Human Performance Lab, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina
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Oleic Acid and Linoleic Acid from Tenebrio molitor Larvae Inhibit BACE1 Activity in vitro: Molecular Docking Studies. J Med Food 2014; 17:284-9. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Shen Y, Zhang X, Prinyawiwatkul W, Xu Z. Phytochemicals in sweet sorghum ( Dura ) and their antioxidant capabilities against lipid oxidation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:12620-12624. [PMID: 24295015 DOI: 10.1021/jf4040157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophilic (HPE) and lipophilic (LPE) extracts were obtained from the Louisiana sweet sorghum millets. Nine major hydrophilic phytochemicals were quantified at levels of 8.9 μg/g for cinnamic acid to 1570.0 μg/g for apigeninidin. Lipophilic phytochemicals (α- and γ-tocopherol, lutein, and β-carotene) were quantified at levels of 7.7, 145.7, 4.8, and 18.8 μg/g, respectively. The total phenolic contents of HPE and LPE were 768.9 and 97.6 μg of catechin equivalent/g, respectively, while DPPH activities were 6.5 and 0.8 μmol of Trolox equivalent/g for HPE and LPE, respectively. In an emulsion model, HPE exhibited higher capability of inhibiting cholesterol oxidation and stabilizing linoleic acid than LPE. Inhibition rates of cholesterol oxidation for HPE and LPE at 40 μg/mL were 92.2% and 65.4%, respectively. Retention rates of linoleic acid were 70.4% for HPE and 33.6% for LPE at a given concentration. Thus, HPE of sweet sorghum millet has potential in functional food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Shen
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-4200, United States
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Prachayasittikul V, Prachayasittikul S, Ruchirawat S, Prachayasittikul V. 8-Hydroxyquinolines: a review of their metal chelating properties and medicinal applications. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2013; 7:1157-78. [PMID: 24115839 PMCID: PMC3793592 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s49763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metal ions play an important role in biological processes and in metal homeostasis. Metal imbalance is the leading cause for many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. 8-Hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) is a small planar molecule with a lipophilic effect and a metal chelating ability. As a result, 8HQ and its derivatives hold medicinal properties such as antineurodegenerative, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities. Herein, diverse bioactivities of 8HQ and newly synthesized 8HQ-based compounds are discussed together with their mechanisms of actions and structure–activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veda Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
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Zaplin ES, Liu Q, Li Z, Butardo VM, Blanchard CL, Rahman S. Production of high oleic rice grains by suppressing the expression of the OsFAD2-1 gene. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2013; 40:996-1004. [PMID: 32481168 DOI: 10.1071/fp12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The composition of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain fatty acids (18% palmitic acid, 36% oleic acid and 37% linoleic acid) is suboptimal for rice storage and utilisation of rice bran oil as food grade oil or a source of biodiesel. Genetic manipulation of fatty acid composition in rice bran oil to increase oleic acid levels at the expense of linoleic acid and palmitic acid would not only add extra value to the rice, but also enhance health benefits for consumers. Four putative rice microsomal Δ12-fatty acid desaturase (OsFAD2) genes were identified as potentially important target genes to achieve this improvement. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis indicated that OsFAD2-1 was the most highly expressed gene in rice grains. RNA interference (RNAi) suppression of the expression of OsFAD2-1 resulted in an increase of oleic acid and a reduction of linoleic and palmitic acids in T3 grains. The research here showed that in the rice grains, the OsFAD2-1 enzyme was an effective target for raising oleic acid levels at the expense of the oxidatively unstable linoleic acid and the cholesterol-raising palmitic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Simone Zaplin
- CSIRO Food Future National Research Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Qing Liu
- CSIRO Food Future National Research Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Zhongyi Li
- CSIRO Food Future National Research Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Vito M Butardo
- CSIRO Food Future National Research Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | | | - Sadequr Rahman
- CSIRO Food Future National Research Flagship, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Xiang Q, Liu Q, Xu L, Qiao Y, Wang Y, Liu X. Carnosic acid protects biomolecules from free radical-mediated oxidative damage in vitro. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-013-0226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Caligiuri SPB, Love K, Winter T, Gauthier J, Taylor CG, Blydt-Hansen T, Zahradka P, Aukema HM. Dietary linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid differentially affect renal oxylipins and phospholipid fatty acids in diet-induced obese rats. J Nutr 2013; 143:1421-31. [PMID: 23902961 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.177360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of oxylipins derived from fatty acids may provide insight into the biological effects of dietary lipids beyond their effects on tissue fatty acid profiles. We have previously observed that diets with higher amounts of α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n3) are associated with reduced obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG). Therefore, to examine the renal oxylipin profile, the effects of dietary linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n6) and ALA on oxylipins and renal phospholipid fatty acid composition, and the relationship between oxylipins and ORG, diet-induced obese rats displaying ORG were fed 8 different diets for 8 wk as follows (oil/oil = combination of two oils) [shown as ALA/LA (in g) per 100 g oil]: canola/flax (20/18), canola (8/18), soy (9/53), high-oleic canola/canola (5/16), high-oleic canola (2/15), lard/soy (1/8), and safflower (0.2/73). Targeted lipidomic analysis by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry revealed that LA and ALA oxylipins comprised 60% of the total renal oxylipin profile examined. Of the >60 oxylipins screened, only those derived either directly or indirectly from ALA were associated with less glomerulomegaly, indicative of reduced ORG progression. Both the amount and ratio of dietary LA and ALA influenced renal polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs); in contrast, only fatty acid amount altered oxylipins derived from these fatty acids, but there was no apparent competition by LA or ALA on their formation. Dietary LA incorporation into renal phospholipids was higher than for ALA, but ALA oxylipin:ALA ratios were higher than the analogous LA ratios for select lipoxygenase reactions. This indicates that the effect of dietary ALA on renal oxylipins exceeded what was reflected in renal PUFA composition. In conclusion, dietary LA and ALA have differential effects on renal oxylipins and PUFAs, and ALA-derived oxylipins are associated with renoprotection in this model of ORG.
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Santoro N, Caprio S, Feldstein AE. Oxidized metabolites of linoleic acid as biomarkers of liver injury in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 8:411-418. [PMID: 26405460 DOI: 10.2217/clp.13.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of obesity in the last few decades has been accompanied by an increase in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of liver pathology from isolated hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis and advanced fibrosis. Dietary habits characterized by consumption of high-caloric, lipid-rich diets play a major role in the development of NAFLD. Recent studies have uncovered the importance of certain components of the diet. In this review, we will focus on the growing evidence for a central role of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. We will discuss novel findings linking oxidative stress and increased production of reactive oxygen species in the liver to oxidation of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and production of specific lipid oxidation metabolites. In particular, we will highlight the potential role of these metabolites as noninvasive markers to diagnose and monitor the extent of liver damage in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ariel E Feldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Abstract
Linoleic acid is the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid in human nutrition and represents about 14 g per day in the US diet. Following the discovery of its essential functions in animals and humans in the early 1920's, studies are currently questioning the real requirement of linoleic acid. It seems now overestimated and creates controversy: how much linoleic acid should be consumed in a healthy diet? Beyond the necessity to redefine the dietary requirement of linoleic acid, many questions concerning the consequences of its excessive consumption on human health arise. Linoleic acid is a direct precursor of the bioactive oxidized linoleic acid metabolites. It is also a precursor of arachidonic acid, which produces pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and endocannabinoids. A majority of the studies on linoleic acid and its derivatives show a direct/indirect link with inflammation and metabolic diseases. Many authors claim that a high linoleic acid intake may promote inflammation in humans. This review tries to (i) highlight the importance of reconsidering the actual requirement of linoleic acid (ii) point out the lack of knowledge between dietary levels of linoleic acid and the molecular mechanisms explaining its physiological roles (iii) demonstrate the relevance of carrying out further human studies on the single variable linoleic acid.
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Perturbations in blood phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin Fatty Acid composition in a sample population of cigarette smokers. Indian J Clin Biochem 2013; 28:361-7. [PMID: 24426238 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-013-0327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic (DHA) and arachidonic acids (AA) are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), major components of brain tissue and neural systems, and the precursors of a number of biologically active metabolites with functions in inflammation resolution, neuroprotection and other actions. As PUFAs are highly susceptible to peroxidation, we hypothesised whether cigarette smokers would present altered PUFAs levels in plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids. Adult males from Indian, Sri-Lankan or Bangladeshi genetic backgrounds who reported smoking between 20 and 60 cigarettes per week were recruited. The control group consisted of matched non-smokers. A blood sample was taken, plasma and erythrocyte total lipids were extracted, phospholipids were separated by thin layer chromatography, and the fatty acid content analysed by gas chromatography. In smokers, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, the AA precursor, was significantly reduced in plasma and erythrocyte phosphatidylcholine. AA and DHA were significantly reduced in erythrocyte sphingomyelin. Relatively short term smoking has affected the fatty acid composition of plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids with functions in neural tissue composition, cell signalling, cell growth, intracellular trafficking, neuroprotection and inflammation, in a relatively young population. As lipid peroxidation is pivotal in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, early effects of smoking may be relevant for the development of such conditions.
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Yuan ZX, Rapoport SI, Soldin SJ, Remaley AT, Taha AY, Kellom M, Gu J, Sampson M, Ramsden CE. Identification and profiling of targeted oxidized linoleic acid metabolites in rat plasma by quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:422-32. [PMID: 23037960 PMCID: PMC3552117 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Linoleic acid (LA) and LA-esters are the precursors of LA hydroperoxides, which are readily converted to 9- and 13-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid (HODE) and 9- and 13-oxo-octadecadienoic acid (oxo ODE) metabolites in vivo. These four oxidized LA metabolites (OXLAMs) have been implicated in a variety of pathological conditions. Therefore, their accurate measurement may provide mechanistic insights into disease pathogenesis. Here we present a novel quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOFMS) method for quantitation and identification of target OXLAMs in rat plasma. In this method, the esterified OXLAMs were base-hydrolyzed and followed by liquid-liquid extraction. Quantitative analyses were based on one-point standard addition with isotope dilution. The Q-TOFMS data of target metabolites were acquired and multiple reaction monitoring extracted-ion chromatograms were generated post-acquisition with a 10 ppm extraction window. The limit of quantitation was 9.7-35.9 nmol/L depending on the metabolite. The method was reproducible with a coefficient of variation of <18.5%. Mean concentrations of target metabolites in rat plasma were 57.8, 123.2, 218.1 and 57.8 nmol/L for 9-HODE, 13-HODE, 9-oxoODE and 13-oxoODE, respectively. Plasma levels of total OXLAMs were 456.9 nmol/L, which correlated well with published concentrations obtained by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The concentrations were also obtained utilizing a standard addition curve approach. The calibration curves were linear with correlation coefficients of >0.991. Concentrations of 9-HODE, 13-HODE, 9-oxoODE and 13-oxoODE were 84.0, 138.6, 263.0 and 69.5 nmol/L, respectively, which were consistent with the results obtained from one-point standard addition. Target metabolites were simultaneously characterized based on the accurate Q-TOFMS data. This is the first study of secondary LA metabolites using Q-TOFMS. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xin Yuan
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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