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Tripathi AK, Singh J, Trivedi R, Ranade P. Shaping the Future of Antimicrobial Therapy: Harnessing the Power of Antimicrobial Peptides in Biomedical Applications. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:539. [PMID: 37998108 PMCID: PMC10672284 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14110539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as a promising class of bioactive molecules with the potential to combat infections associated with medical implants and biomaterials. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the role of antimicrobial peptides in medical implants and biomaterials, along with their diverse clinical applications. The incorporation of AMPs into various medical implants and biomaterials has shown immense potential in mitigating biofilm formation and preventing implant-related infections. We review the latest advancements in biomedical sciences and discuss the AMPs that were immobilized successfully to enhance their efficacy and stability within the implant environment. We also highlight successful examples of AMP coatings for the treatment of surgical site infections (SSIs), contact lenses, dental applications, AMP-incorporated bone grafts, urinary tract infections (UTIs), medical implants, etc. Additionally, we discuss the potential challenges and prospects of AMPs in medical implants, such as effectiveness, instability and implant-related complications. We also discuss strategies that can be employed to overcome the limitations of AMP-coated biomaterials for prolonged longevity in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (R.T.); (P.R.)
| | - Jyotsana Singh
- Hematopoietic Biology and Malignancy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Rucha Trivedi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (R.T.); (P.R.)
| | - Payal Ranade
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (R.T.); (P.R.)
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2
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Jeon BJ, Yoo N, Kim JD, Choi J. A peptide encoded by a highly conserved gene belonging to the genus Streptomyces shows antimicrobial activity against plant pathogens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1250906. [PMID: 37868322 PMCID: PMC10585065 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1250906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The genus Streptomyces has been unceasingly highlighted for the versatility and diversity of the antimicrobial agents they produce. Moreover, it is a heavily sequenced taxon in the phylum Actinobacteria. In this study, 47 sequence profiles were identified as proteins highly conserved within the genus Streptomyces. Significant hits to the 38 profiles were found in more than 2000 Streptomyces genomes, 11 of which were further conserved in more than 90% of Actinobacterial genomes analyzed. Only a few genes corresponding to these sequence profiles were functionally characterized, which play regulatory roles in the morphology and biosynthesis of antibiotics. Here a highly conserved sequence, namely, SHC-AMP (Streptomyces highly conserved antimicrobial peptide), which exhibited antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal plant pathogens, was reported. In particular, Arabidopsis thaliana was effectively protected against infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 by treatment with this peptide. Results indicated the potential application of this peptide as an antimicrobial agent for control of plant diseases. Our results suggest putative target genes for controlling Streptomyces spp., including the one exhibiting antimicrobial activity against a wide range of phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Jun Jeon
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Yoo
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Do Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Choi
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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3
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Kalyvas JT, Facal Marina P, Stachura DL, Horsley JR, Abell AD. Smart Wearable Patches Using Light-Controlled Activation and Delivery of Photoswitchable Antimicrobial Peptides. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301487. [PMID: 37309073 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy to treat Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) skin infections is presented, where UV light is used to facilitate concomitant light-controlled activation and delivery of an antimicrobial therapeutic agent. Specifically, a new photoswitchable gramicidin S analogue was immobilized onto a polymeric wearable patch via a photocleavable linker that undergoes photolysis at the same wavelength of light required for activation of the peptide. Unlike toxic gramicidin S, the liberated active photoswitchable peptide exhibits antimicrobial activity against S. aureus while being ostensibly non-haemolytic to red blood cells. Moreover, irradiation with visible light switches off the antimicrobial properties of the peptide within seconds, presenting an ideal strategy to regulate antibiotic activity for localized bacterial infections with the potential to mitigate resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Kalyvas
- School of Physics, Chemistry & Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Paula Facal Marina
- School of Physics, Chemistry & Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- Flinders Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Damian L Stachura
- School of Physics, Chemistry & Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - John R Horsley
- School of Physics, Chemistry & Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Andrew D Abell
- School of Physics, Chemistry & Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
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Pérez-Hernández T, Hernández JN, Machín C, McNeilly TN, Nisbet AJ, Matthews JB, Burgess STG, González JF. Exploring the transcriptomic changes underlying recombinant vaccine efficacy against Teladorsagia circumcincta in 3-month-old lambs. Vet Parasitol 2023; 320:109960. [PMID: 37269732 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Teladorsagia circumcincta is an abomasal parasitic nematode that can cause serious issues in small ruminant production, which are aggravated by drug resistance. Vaccines have been suggested as a feasible, long-lasting alternative for control since adaptation to the host's immune mechanisms by helminths develops at a much slower pace than anthelmintic resistance. Recently, a T. circumcincta recombinant subunit vaccine yielded over a 60% reduction in egg excretion and worm burden and induced strong humoral and cellular anti-helminth responses in vaccinated 3-month-old Canaria Hair Breed (CHB) lambs, but Canaria Sheep (CS) of a similar age were not protected by the vaccine. Here, we compared the transcriptomic profiles in the abomasal lymph nodes of such 3-month-old CHB and CS vaccinates 40 days after infection with T. circumcincta to understand differences in responsiveness at the molecular level. In the CS, differentially expressed genes (DEG) identified were related to general immunity processes such as antigen presentation or antimicrobial proteins and down-regulation of inflammation and immune response through regulatory T cell-associated genes. However, upregulated genes in CHB vaccinates were associated with type-2 oriented immune responses, i.e., immunoglobulin production, activation of eosinophils, as well as tissue structure and wound repair-related genes and protein metabolism pathways such as DNA and RNA processing. These results highlight potentially more optimal timing and orientation of immune responses in CHB sheep compared to CS associated with vaccine-induced protection. The data obtained in this study thus deepens our understanding of variations in responsiveness to vaccination in young lamb and provides insights for vaccine refinement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Pérez-Hernández
- Instituto Universitario Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Julia N Hernández
- Instituto Universitario Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Cynthia Machín
- Instituto Universitario Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Jorge F González
- Instituto Universitario Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Fux AC, Casonato Melo C, Michelini S, Swartzwelter BJ, Neusch A, Italiani P, Himly M. Heterogeneity of Lipopolysaccharide as Source of Variability in Bioassays and LPS-Binding Proteins as Remedy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098395. [PMID: 37176105 PMCID: PMC10179214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also referred to as endotoxin, is the major component of Gram-negative bacteria's outer cell wall. It is one of the main types of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are known to elicit severe immune reactions in the event of a pathogen trespassing the epithelial barrier and reaching the bloodstream. Associated symptoms include fever and septic shock, which in severe cases, might even lead to death. Thus, the detection of LPS in medical devices and injectable pharmaceuticals is of utmost importance. However, the term LPS does not describe one single molecule but a diverse class of molecules sharing one common feature: their characteristic chemical structure. Each bacterial species has its own pool of LPS molecules varying in their chemical composition and enabling the aggregation into different supramolecular structures upon release from the bacterial cell wall. As this heterogeneity has consequences for bioassays, we aim to examine the great variability of LPS molecules and their potential to form various supramolecular structures. Furthermore, we describe current LPS quantification methods and the LPS-dependent inflammatory pathway and show how LPS heterogeneity can affect them. With the intent of overcoming these challenges and moving towards a universal approach for targeting LPS, we review current studies concerning LPS-specific binders. Finally, we give perspectives for LPS research and the use of LPS-binding molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Fux
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Biosciences & Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (PLUS), Hellbrunnerstraße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Chemical Biology Department, R&D Reagents, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Cristiane Casonato Melo
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Biosciences & Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (PLUS), Hellbrunnerstraße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Chemical Biology Department, R&D Reagents, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Sara Michelini
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Benjamin J Swartzwelter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, 1601 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Andreas Neusch
- Experimental Medical Physics, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paola Italiani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Martin Himly
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Biosciences & Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (PLUS), Hellbrunnerstraße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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6
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Antimicrobial peptides for combating drug-resistant bacterial infections. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 68:100954. [PMID: 36905712 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.100954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The problem of drug resistance due to long-term use of antibiotics has been a concern for years. As this problem grows worse, infections caused by multiple bacteria are expanding rapidly and are extremely detrimental to human health. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a good alternative to current antimicrobials with potent antimicrobial activity and unique antimicrobial mechanisms, which have advantages over traditional antibiotics in fighting against drug-resistant bacterial infections. Currently, researchers have conducted clinical investigations on AMPs for drug-resistant bacterial infections while integrating new technologies in the development of AMPs, such as changing amino acid structure of AMPs and using different delivery methods for AMPs. This article introduces the basic properties of AMPs, deliberates the mechanism of drug resistance in bacteria and the therapeutic mechanism of AMPs. The current disadvantages and advances of AMPs in combating drug-resistant bacterial infections are also discussed. This article provides important insights into the research and clinical application of new AMPs for drug-resistant bacterial infections.
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7
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Jung B, Yun H, Min HJ, Yang S, Shin SY, Lee CW. Discovery of structural and functional transition sites for membrane-penetrating activity of sheep myeloid antimicrobial peptide-18. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1238. [PMID: 36690720 PMCID: PMC9871035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28386-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides have an extended and/or unstructured conformation in aqueous solutions but fold into ordered conformations, such as the α-helical structure, when interacting with cellular membranes. These structural transitions can be directly correlated to their antimicrobial activity and its underlying mechanisms. SMAP-18, the N-terminal segment (residues 1-18) of sheep cathelicidin (SMAP-29), is known to kill microorganisms by translocating across membranes and interacting with their nucleic acids. The amino acid sequence of SMAP-18 contains three Gly residues (at positions 2, 7, and 13) that significantly affect the flexibility of its peptide structure. This study investigated the role of Gly residues in the structure, membrane interaction, membrane translocation, and antimicrobial mechanisms of SMAP-18. Five analogs were designed and synthesized through Gly → Ala substitution (i.e., G2A, G7A, G13A, G7,13A, and G2,7,13A); these substitutions altered the helical content of SMAP-18 peptides. We found that G7,13A and G2,7,13A changed their mode of action, with circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance studies revealing that these analogs changed the structure of SMAP-18 from a random coil to an α-helical structure. The results of this experiment suggest that the Gly residues at positions 7 and 13 in SMAP-18 are the structural and functional determinants that control its three-dimensional structure, strain-specific activity, and antimicrobial mechanism of action. These results provide valuable information for the design of novel peptide-based antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bomi Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosuk Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Min
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Gwangju Women's University, Gwangju, 62396, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungtae Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Greve JM, Cowan JA. Activity and Synergy of Cu-ATCUN Antimicrobial Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214151. [PMID: 36430622 PMCID: PMC9692552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance demands innovative strategies and therapies. The pairs of antimicrobial peptides tested in this work show broad-spectrum synergy and are capable of interacting with diverse bacterial membranes. In most cases, the ATCUN motif enhanced the activity of peptides tested in combination. Our studies also show CP10A to be a multifaceted peptide, displaying both cell membrane and intracellular activity and acting as a chameleon, improving the activity of other peptides as needed. The results of the synergy experiments demonstrate the importance of varied modes of action and how these changes can affect the ability to combat pathogens, while also illustrating the value of the metal-binding domain in enhancing the activity of antimicrobial peptides in combination.
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Zhao G, Kempen PJ, Zheng T, Jakobsen TH, Zhao S, Gu L, Solem C, Ruhdal Jensen PP. Synergistic bactericidal effect of nisin and phytic acid against Escherichia coli O157:H7. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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10
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Rai A, Ferrão R, Marta D, Vilaça A, Lino M, Rondão T, Ji J, Paiva A, Ferreira L. Antimicrobial Peptide-Tether Dressing Able to Enhance Wound Healing by Tissue Contact. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24213-24228. [PMID: 35584375 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
No effective therapeutic dressings are currently available in the market that can prevent bacterial infection and simultaneously promote skin regeneration in diabetic patients. The lack of re-epithelization, prevalence of inflammation, and high risk of infection are hallmarks of non-healing wounds. Here, we have evaluated the antimicrobial and pro-regenerative effect of a relatively non-leaching LL37 peptide immobilized in polyurethane (PU)-based wound dressings (PU-adhesive-LL37 dressing). The PU-adhesive-LL37 (63 μg LL37NPs/cm2) dressing killed Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in human serum without inducing bacterial resistance after 16 antimicrobial test cycles in contrast to commercially available dressings with the capacity to release antimicrobial Ag ions. Importantly, type II diabetic mice (db/db mice) treated with the PU-adhesive-LL37 dressing for different periods of time (6 or 14 days) showed enhanced wound healing and re-epithelialization (i.e., high keratin 14/5 levels) and lower macrophage infiltration in the wounds compared to animals treated with PU. The wounds treated with PU-adhesive-LL37 dressings showed also low expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL6 after 6 days of treatment, indicating that they act as an anti-inflammatory dressing. Additionally, PU-adhesive-LL37 dressings do not induce acute inflammatory responses in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after 3 days of exposure, in contrast to controls. Taken together, PU-adhesive-LL37NP dressings might prevent the bacterial infections and facilitate wound healing by tissue contact, inducing re-epithelialization and anti-inflammatory processes in diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Rai
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-354, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-517, Portugal
| | - Rafaela Ferrão
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-354, Portugal
| | - Denise Marta
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-517, Portugal
| | - Andreia Vilaça
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-517, Portugal
| | - Miguel Lino
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-517, Portugal
| | - Tiago Rondão
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-517, Portugal
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Artur Paiva
- Unidade de Gestão Operacional de Citometria, Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra 3001-301, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Polo III-Health Sciences Campus, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
- ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Ciências Biomédicas Laboratoriais, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra 3040-854, Portugal
| | - Lino Ferreira
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-354, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-517, Portugal
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Nature-Inspired Antimicrobial Surfaces and Their Potential Applications in Food Industries. Foods 2022; 11:foods11060844. [PMID: 35327267 PMCID: PMC8949295 DOI: 10.3390/foods11060844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global concern and has called for the integration of different areas of expertise for designing robust solutions. One such approach is the development of antimicrobial surfaces to combat the emerging resistance in microbes against drugs and disinfectants. This review is a compressive summary of the work done in the field of material science, chemistry, and microbiology in the development of antimicrobial materials and surfaces that are inspired by examples in nature. The focus includes examples of natural antimicrobial surfaces, such as cicada wings or nanopillars, dragonfly wings, shrimp shells, taro leaves, lotus leaves, sharkskin, gecko skin, and butterfly wings, along with their mechanism of action. Techniques, compositions, and combinations that have been developed to synthetically mimic these surfaces against bacterial/viral and fungal growth in food-processing areas have also been discussed. The applications of synthetic mimics of natural antimicrobial surfaces in food-processing environments is still a naïve area of research. However, this review highlights the potential applications of natural antimicrobial surfaces in the food-processing environment as well as outlines the challenges that need mitigations.
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Nikpoor M, Lohrasbi-Nejad A, Zolala J. Heterologous Expression and Functional Characterization of CAP18 from Oryctolagus cuniculus. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 10:622-632. [PMID: 35291606 PMCID: PMC8903354 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.10.4.622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial peptides belong to the innate defence system of creatures. These peptides attach to the bacterial membrane in order to die microorganisms by penetrating them. Hence, biotechnology researchers pay more attention to produce antimicrobial peptides for use in various fields. The studies showed that rabbit tissue with inflammation and skin ulcers would be producing CAP18 peptide, which belongs to the cathelicidin group. METHODS In this study, the optimized sequence of the cap18 gene was placed into the pPICZAα plasmid after the alpha-factor signal and transformed into Pichia pastoris (X-33 strain). Purification of the recombinant peptide was done based on its histidine tail at C-terminal, and western blotting method was used to demonstrate the purification of rCAP18. The antibacterial activity of the purified and desalted rCAP18 was investigated at different concentrations against pathogenic bacteria. RESULTS The maximum expression level of rCAP18 (17.5 kDa) was seen 90 h after induction of alcohol oxidase I (AOX1) promoter with methanol. The concentration of rCAP18 was 33 mg/L after purification with Ni-NTA Sepharose column. The function of rCAP18 (4.3, 5.7, 7 µg/ml) was investigated against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Results showed that %CFU/cm2 reached 28% after P. aeruginosa cells treatment with 7 μg/ml of rCAP18. CONCLUSION This study presented the findings related to heterologous expression of cap18 gene, and evaluation of rCAP18 antibacterial effects. Our results showed that rCAP18 plays a significant role in inhibiting bacterial growth, especially Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahla Nikpoor
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Azadeh Lohrasbi-Nejad
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Jafar Zolala
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
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The Effect of Neutrophil-Derived Products on the Function of Leukocytes Obtained after Titanium Implantation in the Ovine Model. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123569. [PMID: 34944343 PMCID: PMC8698126 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Titanium is one of the most commonly used biomaterials for implantation as a part of the orthopedic procedures. However, this biomaterial can cause an excessive inflammatory response, even leading to rejection of the implant. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the overall organism response after insertion of Ti implant and the activity of neutrophils and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), to evaluate the possible negative effect of this biomaterial on the host cells. Our study revealed that insertion of the Ti implant did not evoke systemic inflammatory response or activation of leukocytes. Additionally, we evaluated the activity of neutrophils and MDM after stimulation with autologous neutrophil products, namely, antimicrobial neutrophil extract and neutrophil degranulation product as two potential regulators of inflammatory response. Antimicrobial neutrophil extract appeared to be a factor causing the decrease of secretory neutrophil response and polarization of MDM towards pro-resolving phenotype, whereas the neutrophil degranulation product acted as pro-inflammatory. Abstract Titanium (Ti) is currently the most common biomaterial used for orthopedic implants; however, these implants may cause deleterious immune response. To investigate the possible mechanisms involved in excessive inflammation, we assessed the activity of neutrophils and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) during the insertion of the Ti implant in a sheep model. The study was conducted on 12 sheep, 4 of which were control animals and 8 were in the experimental group with inserted Ti implant. Neutrophil secretory response was estimated at two time points T0 before surgery and T1 1 h after implantation and was based on the release of enzymes from neutrophil granules and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) generation. MDM function was evaluated 5 months after implantation, on the basis of RONS generation arginase activity and morphological changes. Moreover, the influence of some autologous neutrophil derived products, namely, antimicrobial neutrophil extract (ANE) and neutrophil degranulation products (DGP) on leukocytes was estimated. Our study revealed that Ti implant insertion did not cause any adverse effects up to 5 months after surgical procedure. Stimulation of neutrophil cultures with ANE decreased the enzyme release as well as superoxide generation. Treatment of MDM with ANE diminished superoxide and NO generation and increased arginase activity. On the other hand, MDM stimulated with DGP showed elevated superoxide and NO generation as well as decreased arginase activity. To summarize, ANE exerted an anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving effect on studied leukocytes, whereas DGP acted as pro-inflammatory.
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14
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Zdziennicka J, Junkuszew A, Latalski M, Świeca M, Wessely-Szponder J. Long-term Interactions of Circulating Neutrophils with Titanium Implants, the Role of Platelets in Regulation of Leukocyte Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810060. [PMID: 34576225 PMCID: PMC8472739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that different biomaterials are widely used in many biomedical applications, they can still cause side effects. Therefore, our aim was to assess neutrophil activity during the inflammatory phase of the repair process and long-term interactions between circulating neutrophils and Titanium (Ti) implants. Additionally, neutrophil in vitro response after stimulation by the extract of antimicrobial peptides (AMP extract), pentoxifylline (PTX) and some platelet-rich (L-PRP and PURE PRP) and platelet-poor (PPP) concentrates were tested. The study was conducted on eight sheep after Ti implant insertion into the tibia and revealed that the Ti implant did not cause any side effects during the course of experiment. After addition of L-PRP into neutrophils, culture activity of these cells significantly increased (p < 0.01), whereas treatment with AMP extract, PURE PRP, PPP or PTX caused decrease in neutrophil enzymatic response (on the basis of elastase, myeloperoxidase and alkaline phosphatase release) and free radical generation. These effects were observed in neutrophils isolated during the inflammatory phase as well as 4 and 10 months after implantation. Obtained results will be useful in regulation of inflammatory response during implantation of biomaterial and create possibility to modulate the cells response towards pro- or anti-inflammatory to reduce host tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Zdziennicka
- Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Junkuszew
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, Institute of Animal Breeding and Biodiversity Conservation, University of Life Sciences, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Michał Latalski
- Children Orthopaedic Department, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Michał Świeca
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Joanna Wessely-Szponder
- Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-445-67-74
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15
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Valdez-Miramontes CE, De Haro-Acosta J, Aréchiga-Flores CF, Verdiguel-Fernández L, Rivas-Santiago B. Antimicrobial peptides in domestic animals and their applications in veterinary medicine. Peptides 2021; 142:170576. [PMID: 34033877 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are molecules with a broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. These peptides are widely distributed in insects, amphibians and mammals. Indeed, they are key molecules of the innate immune system with remarkable antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity. Besides, these peptides have also shown regulatory activity for gut microbiota and have been considered inductors of growth performance. The current review describes the updated findings of antimicrobial peptides in domestic animals, such as bovines, goats, sheep, pigs, horses, canines and felines, analyzing the most relevant aspects of their use as potential therapeutics and their applications in Veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Valdez-Miramontes
- Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico.
| | - Jeny De Haro-Acosta
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security- IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - C F Aréchiga-Flores
- Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - L Verdiguel-Fernández
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Veterinary, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico
| | - B Rivas-Santiago
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security- IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
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16
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Cho HS, Choi M, Lee Y, Jeon H, Ahn B, Soundrarajan N, Hong K, Kim JH, Park C. High-Quality Nucleic Acid Isolation from Hard-to-Lyse Bacterial Strains Using PMAP-36, a Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Peptide. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084149. [PMID: 33923762 PMCID: PMC8073543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of existing cell lysis methods to isolate nucleic acids from diverse bacteria varies depending on cell wall structures. This study tested a novel idea of using broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides to improve the lytic efficiency of hard-to-lyse bacteria and characterized their differences. The lysis conditions of Staphylococcus aureus using recombinant porcine myeloid antimicrobial peptide 36 (PMAP-36), a broad-spectrum pig cathelicidin, was optimized, and RNA isolation was performed with cultured pellets of ten bacterial species using various membranolytic proteins. Additionally, three other antimicrobial peptides, protegrin-1 (PG-1), melittin, and nisin, were evaluated for their suitability as the membranolytic agents of bacteria. However, PMAP-36 use resulted in the most successful outcomes in RNA isolation from diverse bacterial species. The amount of total RNA obtained using PMAP-36 increased by ~2-fold compared to lysozyme in Salmonella typhimurium. Streptococci species were refractory to all lytic proteins tested, although the RNA yield from PMAP-36 treatment was slightly higher than that from other methods. PMAP-36 use produced high-quality RNA, and reverse transcription PCR showed the efficient amplification of the 16S rRNA gene from all tested strains. Additionally, the results of genomic DNA isolation were similar to those of RNA isolation. Thus, our findings present an additional option for high quality and unbiased nucleic acid isolation from microbiomes or challenging bacterial strains.
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Boix-Lemonche G, Guillem-Marti J, Lekka M, D'Este F, Guida F, Manero JM, Skerlavaj B. Membrane perturbation, altered morphology and killing of Staphylococcus epidermidis upon contact with a cytocompatible peptide-based antibacterial surface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 203:111745. [PMID: 33853003 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One possibility to prevent prosthetic infections is to produce biomaterials resistant to bacterial colonization by anchoring membrane active antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) onto the implant surface. In this perspective, a deeper understanding of the mode of action of the immobilized peptides should improve the development of AMP-inspired infection-resistant biomaterials. The aim of the present study was to characterize the bactericidal mechanism against Staphylococcus epidermidis of the AMP BMAP27(1-18), immobilized on titanium disks and on a model resin support, by applying viability counts, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), and a fluorescence microplate assay with a membrane potential-sensitive dye. The cytocompatibility to osteoblast-like MG-63 cells was investigated in monoculture and in co-culture with bacteria. The impact of peptide orientation was explored by using N- and C- anchored analogues. On titanium, the ∼50 % drop in bacteria viability and dramatically affected morphology indicate a contact-killing action exerted by the N- and C-immobilized peptides to the same extent. As further shown by the fluorescence assay with the resin-anchored peptides, the bactericidal effect was mediated by rapid membrane perturbation, similar to free peptides. However, at peptide MBC resin equivalents the C-oriented analogue proved more effective with more than 99 % killing and maximum fluorescence increase, compared to half-maximum fluorescence with more than 90 % killing produced by the N-orientation. Confocal microscopy analyses revealed 4-5 times better MG-63 cell adhesion on peptide-functionalized titanium both in monoculture and in co-culture with bacteria, regardless of peptide orientation, thus stimulating further studies on the effects of the immobilized BMAP27(1-18) on osteoblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Boix-Lemonche
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, piazzale Kolbe, 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Jordi Guillem-Marti
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 14, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering-UPC, Av. Eduard Maristany 14, 08930, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria Lekka
- University of Udine, Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy; CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Po. Miramón 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Francesca D'Este
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, piazzale Kolbe, 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Filomena Guida
- University of Trieste, Department of Life Sciences, Via Giorgieri 5, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - José María Manero
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 14, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering-UPC, Av. Eduard Maristany 14, 08930, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Barbara Skerlavaj
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, piazzale Kolbe, 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
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18
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Santos-Filho NA, de Freitas LM, Santos CTD, Piccoli JP, Fontana CR, Fusco-Almeida AM, Cilli EM. Understanding the mechanism of action of peptide (p-BthTX-I) 2 derived from C-terminal region of phospholipase A2 (PLA 2)-like bothropstoxin-I on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Toxicon 2021; 196:44-55. [PMID: 33781796 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Based on the antimicrobial activity of bothropstoxin-I (BthTX-I) and on the premise that a C-terminal peptide of Lys49 myotoxin can reproduce the antimicrobial activity of the parent protein, we aimed to study the mechanism of action of a peptide derived from the C-terminal region of the myotoxin BthTX-I [(p-BthTX-I)2, sequence: KKYRYHLKPFCKK, disulfide-linked dimer] against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Fluorescence quenching technique showed that the carboxyfluorescein labeled-peptide [CF-(p-BthTX-I)2] when incubated with E. coli displayed a superior penetration activity than when incubated with S. aureus. Cell death induced by the peptide (p-BthTX-I)2 showed a loss of membrane integrity in E. coli and S. aureus; however, the mechanisms of cell death were different, characterized by the presence of necrosis-like and apoptosis-like deaths, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy studies in E. coli and S. aureus showed morphological changes in the cells, with superficial deformities, appearance of wrinkles and bubbles, and formation of vesicles. Our results demonstrate that the mechanism of action of the peptide (p-BthTX-I)2 is different in Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria. Knowledge of the mechanism of action of these peptides is important, since they are promising prototypes for new antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norival Alves Santos-Filho
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Campus Experimental de Registro, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Laura Marise de Freitas
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Química, Depto de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Julia Pinto Piccoli
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Raquel Fontana
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Maffud Cilli
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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19
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Ultrastructural changes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) induced by a novel cyclic peptide ASP-1 from Bacillus subtilis: A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study. Rev Argent Microbiol 2021; 53:281-286. [PMID: 33608109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing antimicrobial resistance among Staphylococcus aureus necessitates a new antimicrobial with a different site of action. We have isolated a novel cyclic peptide-1 (ASP-1) from Bacillussubtilis with potent activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8-64μg/ml. Scanning electron micrographs demonstrated drastic changes in the cellular architecture of ASP-1 treated cells of S. aureus ATCC 29213 and an MRSA clinical isolate at MICs, with damages to the cell wall, membrane lysis and probable leakage of cytoplasmic contents at minimum bactericidal concentrations. The ultrastructure alterations induced by ASP-1 have also been compared with those of oxacillin-treated MRSA cells at its MIC using scanning electron microscopy.
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20
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Kumar R, Ali SA, Singh SK, Bhushan V, Mathur M, Jamwal S, Mohanty AK, Kaushik JK, Kumar S. Antimicrobial Peptides in Farm Animals: An Updated Review on Its Diversity, Function, Modes of Action and Therapeutic Prospects. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7040206. [PMID: 33352919 PMCID: PMC7766339 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7040206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the arsenals of the innate host defense system, exhibiting evolutionarily conserved characteristics that are present in practically all forms of life. Recent years have witnessed the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria compounded with a slow discovery rate for new antibiotics that have necessitated scientific efforts to search for alternatives to antibiotics. Research on the identification of AMPs has generated very encouraging evidence that they curb infectious pathologies and are also useful as novel biologics to function as immunotherapeutic agents. Being innate, they exhibit the least cytotoxicity to the host and exerts a wide spectrum of biological activity including low resistance among microbes and increased wound healing actions. Notably, in veterinary science, the constant practice of massive doses of antibiotics with inappropriate withdrawal programs led to a high risk of livestock-associated antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, the world faces tremendous pressure for designing and devising strategies to mitigate the use of antibiotics in animals and keep it safe for posterity. In this review, we illustrate the diversity of farm animal-specific AMPs, and their biochemical foundations, mode of action, and prospective application in clinics. Subsequently, we present the data for their systematic classification under the major and minor groups, antipathogenic action, and allied bioactivities in the host. Finally, we address the limitations of their clinical implementation and envision areas for further advancement.
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21
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Song X, Pan H, Wang H, Liao X, Sun D, Xu K, Chen T, Zhang X, Wu M, Wu D, Gao Y. Identification of new dermaseptins with self-assembly tendency: membrane disruption, biofilm eradication, and infected wound healing efficacy. Acta Biomater 2020; 109:208-219. [PMID: 32276085 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Severe infections associated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria and biofilms have attracted increasing interest as these diseases are difficult to treat with current antibiotics. Typical cationic antimicrobial peptides dermaseptins are considered to be the most promising next-generation antibiotics because of their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities and minor side effects. Two new dermaseptin peptides, DMS-PS1 and DMS-PS2, have been identified by "shotgun" molecular cloning of encoding cDNAs in the crude skin secretions of the waxy monkey tree frog, Phyllomedusa sauvagei. The mature peptide sequences predicted from the cloned cDNAs were separated from crude skin secretions and confirmed by mass spectrometry. Chemically synthetic replicates were assessed for various biological activities. Both dermaseptins were potently effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms including antibiotic-resistant bacteria and displayed significant potency against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial biofilms with low toxicity towards mammalian red blood cells. Remarkably, DMS-PS2 was effective against infections in murine skin caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a result of an induced wound. The actions of DMS-PS2 were with a membrane permeabilization mode. Overall, the data provided convincing evidence for the development of anti-infectious agents and/or biomaterials as a new therapeutic approach against bacterial infections. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Bacterial adhesion to biomaterials remains a major problem. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are well-known components of the innate immune system that can be applied to overcome biofilm-associated infections. Cationic dermaseptin peptides showed significant broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities and activities against bacterial biofilms of persistent infections in association with weak toxicity for mammalian red blood cells. The membrane permeabilizing ability of DMS-PS2 was confirmed, and importantly, it demonstrated potent efficiency of the treatment of MRSA infected murine skin model. Furthermore, beyond our expectation, DMS-PS2 showed a self-aggregating parameter, indicating a promising potential for the use of immobilized AMPs in clinical applications., which makes it also a promising suggestion for infection-proof biomaterial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Song
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hanling Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hanfei Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaoying Liao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Institute of Life Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Tianbao Chen
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Xu Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Mingjiang Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Di Wu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Yitian Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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22
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23
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Modulation of Endolysin LysECD7 Bactericidal Activity by Different Peptide Tag Fusion. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030440. [PMID: 32178329 PMCID: PMC7175214 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of recombinant endolysins is a promising approach for antimicrobial therapy capable of counteracting the spread of antibiotic-resistant strains. To obtain the necessary biotechnological product, diverse peptide tags are often fused to the endolysin sequence to simplify enzyme purification, improve its ability to permeabilize the bacterial outer membrane, etc. We compared the effects of two different types of protein modifications on endolysin LysECD7 bactericidal activity in vitro and demonstrated that it is significantly modulated by specific permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides, as well as by widely used histidine tags. Thus, the tags selected for the study of endolysins and during the development of biotechnological preparations should be used with the appropriate precautions to minimize false conclusions about endolysin properties. Further, modifications of LysECD7 allowed us to obtain a lytic enzyme that was largely devoid of the disadvantages of the native protein and was active over the spectra of conditions, with high in vitro bactericidal activity not only against Gram-negative, but also against Gram-positive, bacteria. This opens up the possibility of developing effective antimicrobials based on N-terminus sheep myeloid peptide of 29 amino acids (SMAP)-modified LysECD7 that can be highly active not only during topical treatment but also for systemic applications in the bloodstream and tissues.
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Cho HS, Yum J, Larivière A, Lévêque N, Le QVC, Ahn B, Jeon H, Hong K, Soundrarajan N, Kim JH, Bodet C, Park C. Opossum Cathelicidins Exhibit Antimicrobial Activity Against a Broad Spectrum of Pathogens Including West Nile Virus. Front Immunol 2020; 11:347. [PMID: 32194564 PMCID: PMC7063992 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize cathelicidins from the gray short-tailed opossum in silico and experimentally validate their antimicrobial effects against various pathogenic bacteria and West Nile virus (WNV). Genome-wide in silico analysis against the current genome assembly of the gray short-tailed opossum yielded 56 classical antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from eight different families, among which 19 cathelicidins, namely ModoCath1 – 19, were analyzed in silico to predict their antimicrobial domains and three of which, ModoCath1, -5, and -6, were further experimentally evaluated for their antimicrobial activity, and were found to exhibit a wide spectrum of antimicroial effects against a panel of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. In addition, these peptides displayed low-to-moderate cytotoxicity in mammalian cells as well as stability in serum and various salt and pH conditions. Circular dichroism analysis of the spectra resulting from interactions between ModoCaths and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) showed formation of a helical structure, while a dual-dye membrane disruption assay and scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that ModoCaths exerted bactericidal effects by causing membrane damage. Furthermore, ModoCath5 displayed potent antiviral activity against WNV by inhibiting viral replication, suggesting that opossum cathelicidins may serve as potentially novel antimicrobial endogenous substances of mammalian origin, considering their large number. Moreover, analysis of publicly available RNA-seq data revealed the expression of eight ModoCaths from five different tissues, suggesting that gray short-tailed opossums may be an interesting source of cathelicidins with diverse characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sun Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joori Yum
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Andy Larivière
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, LITEC EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Nicolas Lévêque
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, LITEC EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Quy Van Chanh Le
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - ByeongYong Ahn
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyoim Jeon
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Charles Bodet
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, LITEC EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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25
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Parai D, Dey P, Mukherjee SK. Antimicrobial Peptides: An Approach to Combat Resilient Infections. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2020; 17:542-552. [PMID: 31250760 DOI: 10.2174/1570163816666190620114338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It was apparent by the end of 1980s that the success against the threats of bacterial pathogens on public health was an illusion, with the rapid development of resistant strains more than the discovery of new drugs. As a consequence, the remedial services were in the backfoot position of being on the losing side of this never-ending evolutionary war. The quest for new antibiotics to overcome resistance problems has long been a top research priority for the researchers and the pharmaceutical industry. However, the resistance problems remain unresolved due to the abrupt misuse of antibiotics by common people, which has immensely worsened the scenario by disseminating antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains around the world. OBJECTIVE Thus, immediate action is needed to measure emerging and re-emerging microbial diseases having new resistance mechanisms and to manage their rapid spread among the common public by means of novel alternative metabolites. CONCLUSION Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) are short, cationic peptides evolved in a wide range of living organisms and serve as the essential part of the host innate immunity. For humans, these effector molecules either can directly kill the foreign microbes or modulate the host immune systems so that the human body could develop some resistance against the microbial infections. In this review, we discuss their history, structural classifications, modes of action, and explain their biological roles as anti-infective agents. We also scrutinize their clinical potentiality, current limitations in various developmental stages and strategies to overcome for their successful clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, WB, India
| | - Pia Dey
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, WB, India
| | - Samir K Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, WB, India
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26
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Boix-Lemonche G, Guillem-Marti J, D’Este F, Manero JM, Skerlavaj B. Covalent grafting of titanium with a cathelicidin peptide produces an osteoblast compatible surface with antistaphylococcal activity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 185:110586. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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27
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Structural insight into the mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptide BMAP-28(1–18) and its analogue mutBMAP18. J Struct Biol 2018; 204:435-448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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28
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Zhu B, He H, Hou T. A Comprehensive Review of Corn Protein-derived Bioactive Peptides: Production, Characterization, Bioactivities, and Transport Pathways. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:329-345. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biyang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan 430070 China
- Key Lab of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural Univ.); Ministry of Education; Wuhan 43000 China
| | - Hui He
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan 430070 China
- Key Lab of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural Univ.); Ministry of Education; Wuhan 43000 China
| | - Tao Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan 430070 China
- Key Lab of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural Univ.); Ministry of Education; Wuhan 43000 China
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Maestri E, Pavlicevic M, Montorsi M, Marmiroli N. Meta-Analysis for Correlating Structure of Bioactive Peptides in Foods of Animal Origin with Regard to Effect and Stability. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:3-30. [PMID: 33337011 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid (AA) sequences of 807 bioactive peptides from foods of animal origin were examined in order to correlate peptide structure with activity (antihypertensive, antioxidative, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, antithrombotic, and opioid) and stability in vivo. Food sources, such as milk, meat, eggs, and marine products, show different frequencies of bioactive peptides exhibiting specific effects. There is a correlation of peptide structure and effect, depending on type and position of AA. Opioid peptides contain a high percentage of aromatic AA residues, while antimicrobial peptides show an excess of positively charged AAs. AA residue position is significant, with those in the first and penultimate positions having the biggest effects on peptide activity. Peptides that have activity in vivo contain a high percentage (67%) of proline residues, but the positions of proline in the sequence depend on the length of the peptide. We also discuss the influence of processing on activity of these peptides, as well as methods for predicting release from the source protein and activity of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Maestri
- Dept. of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Univ. of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Food Safety, Technologies and Innovation for Agri-food (SITEIA.PARMA), Univ. of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Milica Pavlicevic
- Inst. for Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Univ. of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Michela Montorsi
- Dept. of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open Univ., Via F. Daverio 7, 20122, Milan, Italy.,Consorzio Italbiotec, Via Fantoli, 16/15, 20138, Milano, Italy.,Inst. of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate, Italy
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Dept. of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Univ. of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Food Safety, Technologies and Innovation for Agri-food (SITEIA.PARMA), Univ. of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124, Parma, Italy.,Consorzio Italbiotec, Via Fantoli, 16/15, 20138, Milano, Italy
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30
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Hazam PK, Goyal R, Ramakrishnan V. Peptide based antimicrobials: Design strategies and therapeutic potential. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 142:10-22. [PMID: 30125585 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic activity of antibiotics is noteworthy, as they are used in the treatment of microbial infections. Regardless of their utility, there has been a steep decrease in the number of drug candidates due to antibiotic resistance, an inevitable consequence of noncompliance with the full therapeutic regimen. A variety of resistant species like MDR (Multi-Drug Resistant), XDR (Extensively Drug-Resistant) and PDR (Pan Drug-Resistant) species have evolved, but discovery pipeline has already shown signs of getting dried up. Therefore, the need for newer antibiotics is of utmost priority to combat the microbial infections of future times. Peptides have some interesting features like minimal side effect, high tolerability and selectivity towards specific targets, which would help them successfully comply with the stringent safety standards set for clinical trials. In this review, we attempt to present the state of the art in the discovery of peptide-based antimicrobials from a design perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Kishore Hazam
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Ruchika Goyal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Vibin Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, India.
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31
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Woods EC, Edwards AN, Childress KO, Jones JB, McBride SM. The C. difficile clnRAB operon initiates adaptations to the host environment in response to LL-37. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007153. [PMID: 30125334 PMCID: PMC6117091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To cause disease, Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile must resist killing by innate immune effectors in the intestine, including the host antimicrobial peptide, cathelicidin (LL-37). The mechanisms that enable C. difficile to adapt to the intestine in the presence of antimicrobial peptides are unknown. Expression analyses revealed an operon, CD630_16170-CD630_16190 (clnRAB), which is highly induced by LL-37 and is not expressed in response to other cell-surface active antimicrobials. This operon encodes a predicted transcriptional regulator (ClnR) and an ABC transporter system (ClnAB), all of which are required for function. Analyses of a clnR mutant indicate that ClnR is a pleiotropic regulator that directly binds to LL-37 and controls expression of numerous genes, including many involved in metabolism, cellular transport, signaling, gene regulation, and pathogenesis. The data suggest that ClnRAB is a novel regulatory mechanism that senses LL-37 as a host signal and regulates gene expression to adapt to the host intestinal environment during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Woods
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory University Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Adrianne N. Edwards
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory University Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Kevin O. Childress
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory University Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Joshua B. Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory University Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Shonna M. McBride
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory University Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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Penetration of antimicrobial peptides in a lung surfactant model. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 167:345-353. [PMID: 29689490 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations were successfully performed to understand the absorption mechanism of antimicrobial peptides LL-37, CATH-2, and SMAP-29 in a lung surfactant model. The antimicrobial peptides quickly penetrate in the lung surfactant model in dozens or hundreds nanoseconds, but they electrostatically interact with the lipid polar heads during the simulation time of 2 μs. This electrostatic interaction should be the explanation for the inactivation of the antimicrobial peptides when co-administrated with lung surfactant. As they strongly interact with the lipid polar heads of the lung surfactant, there is no positive charge available on the antimicrobial peptide to attack the negatively charged bacteria membrane. In order to avoid the interaction of peptides with the lipid polar heads, sodium cholate was used to form nanoparticles which act as an absorption enhancer of all antimicrobial peptides used in this investigation. The nanoparticles of 150 molecules of sodium cholate with one peptide were inserted on the top of the lung surfactant model. The nanoparticles penetrated into the lung surfactant model, spreading the sodium cholate molecules around the lipid polar heads. The sodium cholate molecules seem to protect the peptides from the interaction with the lipid polar heads, leaving them free to be delivered to the water phase. The penetration of peptides alone or even the peptide nanoparticles with sodium cholate do not collapse the lung surfactant model, indicating to be a promisor drug delivery system to the lung. The implications of this finding are that antimicrobial peptides may only be co-administered with an absorption enhancer such as sodium cholate into lung surfactant in order to avoid inactivation of their antimicrobial activity.
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Laurencin M, Simon M, Fleury Y, Baudy-Floc'h M, Bondon A, Legrand B. Selectivity Modulation and Structure of α/aza-β3
Cyclic Antimicrobial Peptides. Chemistry 2018; 24:6191-6201. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthieu Simon
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); Univ Montpellier, CNRS, UM, ENSCM; 15 Avenue Charles Flahault 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
- Université de Rennes, CNRS; ISCR-UMR 6226; 35000 Rennes France
| | - Yannick Fleury
- Chimie Marines, IUEM; Université de Brest, EA 3884; 6 rue de l'Université 29000 Quimper France
| | | | - Arnaud Bondon
- Université de Rennes, CNRS; ISCR-UMR 6226; 35000 Rennes France
| | - Baptiste Legrand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); Univ Montpellier, CNRS, UM, ENSCM; 15 Avenue Charles Flahault 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
- Université de Rennes, CNRS; ISCR-UMR 6226; 35000 Rennes France
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34
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Understanding the antimicrobial properties/activity of an 11-residue Lys homopeptide by alanine and proline scan. Amino Acids 2018; 50:557-568. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2542-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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35
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Peel E, Cheng Y, Djordjevic JT, Kuhn M, Sorrell T, Belov K. Marsupial and monotreme cathelicidins display antimicrobial activity, including against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2017; 163:1457-1465. [PMID: 28949902 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
With the growing demand for new antibiotics to combat increasing multi-drug resistance, a family of antimicrobial peptides known as cathelicidins has emerged as potential candidates. Expansions in cathelicidin-encoding genes in marsupials and monotremes are of specific interest as the peptides they encode have evolved to protect immunologically naive young in the harsh conditions of the pouch and burrow. Our previous work demonstrated that some marsupial and monotreme cathelicidins have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and kill resistant bacteria, but the activity of many cathelicidins is unknown. To investigate associations between peptide antimicrobial activity and physiochemical properties, we tested 15 cathelicidin mature peptides from tammar wallaby, grey short-tailed opossum, platypus and echidna for antimicrobial activity against a range of bacterial and fungal clinical isolates. One opossum cathelicidin ModoCath4, tammar wallaby MaeuCath7 and echidna Taac-CATH1 had broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and killed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. However, antimicrobial activity was reduced in the presence of serum or whole blood, and non-specific toxicity was observed at high concentrations. The active peptides were highly charged, potentially increasing binding to microbial surfaces, and contained amphipathic helical structures, which may facilitate membrane permeabilisation. Peptide sequence homology, net charge, amphipathicity and alpha helical content did not correlate with antimicrobial activity. However active peptides contained a significantly higher percentage of cationic residues than inactive ones, which may be used to predict active peptides in future work. Along with previous studies, our results indicate that marsupial and monotreme cathelicidins show potential for development as novel therapeutics to combat increasing antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Peel
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,UQ Genomics Initiative, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Julianne T Djordjevic
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, and Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Kuhn
- Zoetis, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Tania Sorrell
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, and Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine Belov
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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36
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Sousa FH, Casanova V, Findlay F, Stevens C, Svoboda P, Pohl J, Proudfoot L, Barlow PG. Cathelicidins display conserved direct antiviral activity towards rhinovirus. Peptides 2017; 95:76-83. [PMID: 28764966 PMCID: PMC5577862 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are the most common cause of viral respiratory tract infections, and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals and patients with pre-existing pulmonary conditions. The therapeutic options available are extremely limited and therefore novel therapeutics for HRV infections are of significant interest. Cathelicidins have been shown to have potent antiviral activity against a range of pathogens and are known to be key immunomodulatory mediators during infection. We therefore assessed the antiviral potential of cathelicidins from humans and other mammalian species against HRV, together with the potential for the human cathelicidin to modulate apoptotic pathways and alter cell viability during HRV infection. We demonstrate that LL-37, the porcine cathelicidin Protegrin-1, and the ovine cathelicidin SMAP-29 display potent antiviral activity towards HRV and that this activity is visible when either the virus is exposed to the peptides prior to cell infection or after cells have been infected. We further demonstrate that, in contrast to established findings with bacterial infection models, LL-37 does not induce apoptosis or necrosis in HRV-infected lung epithelial cells at physiological or superphysiological concentrations, but does reduce the metabolic activity of infected cells compared to uninfected cells treated with similar peptide concentrations. Collectively, the findings from this study demonstrate that the mechanism of action of cathelicidins against rhinovirus is by directly affecting the virus and we propose that the delivery of exogenous cathelicidins, or novel synthetic analogues, represent an exciting and novel therapeutic strategy for rhinovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Henderson Sousa
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Casanova
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, United Kingdom
| | - Fern Findlay
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Stevens
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, United Kingdom
| | - Pavel Svoboda
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
| | - Jan Pohl
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
| | - Lorna Proudfoot
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, United Kingdom
| | - Peter G Barlow
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, United Kingdom.
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37
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Bondaryk M, Staniszewska M, Zielińska P, Urbańczyk-Lipkowska Z. Natural Antimicrobial Peptides as Inspiration for Design of a New Generation Antifungal Compounds. J Fungi (Basel) 2017; 3:E46. [PMID: 29371563 PMCID: PMC5715947 DOI: 10.3390/jof3030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections are associated with high mortality rates, despite appropriate antifungal therapy. Limited therapeutic options, resistance development and the high mortality of invasive fungal infections brought about more concern triggering the search for new compounds capable of interfering with fungal viability and virulence. In this context, peptides gained attention as promising candidates for the antimycotics development. Variety of structural and functional characteristics identified for various natural antifungal peptides makes them excellent starting points for design novel drug candidates. Current review provides a brief overview of natural and synthetic antifungal peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Bondaryk
- National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Monika Staniszewska
- National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Paulina Zielińska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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38
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Chung PY, Khanum R. Antimicrobial peptides as potential anti-biofilm agents against multidrug-resistant bacteria. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2017; 50:405-410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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39
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Jayaraman P, Holowko MB, Yeoh JW, Lim S, Poh CL. Repurposing a Two-Component System-Based Biosensor for the Killing of Vibrio cholerae. ACS Synth Biol 2017; 6:1403-1415. [PMID: 28441472 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
New strategies to control cholera are urgently needed. This study develops an in vitro proof-of-concept sense-and-kill system in a wild-type Escherichia coli strain to target the causative pathogen Vibrio cholerae using a synthetic biology approach. Our engineered E. coli specifically detects V. cholerae via its quorum-sensing molecule CAI-1 and responds by expressing the lysis protein YebF-Art-085, thereby self-lysing to release the killing protein Art-085 to kill V. cholerae. For this report, we individually characterized YebF-Art-085 and Art-085 expression and their activities when coupled to our previously developed V. cholerae biosensing circuit. We show that, in the presence of V. cholerae supernatant, the final integrated sense-and-kill system in our engineered E. coli can effectively inhibit the growth of V. cholerae cells. This work represents the first step toward a novel probiotic treatment modality that could potentially prevent and treat cholera in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premkumar Jayaraman
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- NUS
Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI),
Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maciej B. Holowko
- School
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jing Wui Yeoh
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- NUS
Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI),
Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sierin Lim
- School
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Chueh Loo Poh
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- NUS
Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI),
Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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40
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Studies on the Mode of Membrane Interaction of C-terminally Amidated Brevinin1 HYba1 and 2 Peptides Against Bacteria. Int J Pept Res Ther 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-017-9598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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41
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Barksdale SM, Hrifko EJ, van Hoek ML. Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide from Alligator mississippiensis has antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumanii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 70:135-144. [PMID: 28089718 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Alligator mississippiensis (American alligator), a member of order Crocodilia, lives in bacteria-laden environments but is not often known to succumb to bacterial infections. Their serum has been shown to have antibacterial activity beyond that of human serum, and it is believed that this activity is partially due to cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs). CAMPs are produced by many organisms as part of the innate immune system. CAMPs are attractive possible therapies against multi-drug resistant bacteria, such as those found in biofilm-infected war wounds, because they seldom cause genetic resistance in bacteria and are effective against antibiotic resistant bacteria. In this work, we identified, synthesized, and characterized a cathelicidin and two shorter fragments from the American alligator. We discovered the cathelicidin using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) alignment and by comparing A. mississippiensis expressed sequence tags (ESTs) with propeptide cathelicidins of other reptiles. We analyzed the structure using bioinformatics tools and circular dichroism and predicted that the full-length cathelicidin peptide has a mixed structure, with an N-terminal α-helix and a center Pro hinge. In minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays, it was determined that the cathelicidin and the two shorter fragments have strong activity against multiple Gram-negative bacteria, including clinical isolates of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Using the ethidium bromide uptake assay, it was found that these peptides permeabilize the bacterial membrane and are less sensitive to salt inhibition than many other known CAMPs. The alligator cathelicidin peptides were not hemolytic against sheep red blood cells at 300 μg/ml and were not significantly cytotoxic against A549 human lung epithelial cells after 24 h exposure in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. These alligator cathelicidin peptides have activity similar to other CAMPs from reptiles such as NA-CATH. It is possible that the alligator cathelicidins play an important role in the innate immune response of A. mississippiensis, similar to LL-37 in humans. In addition, due to their activities against MDR bacteria and lack of cytotoxicity, the AM-CATH peptides could be an attractive platform for further development as a potential therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evelyn J Hrifko
- College of Science, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Monique L van Hoek
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA; College of Science, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA; National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA.
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42
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Papa V, Ginocchietti L, Budriesi R, Micucci M, Costa R, Biondi R, Cevenini R, Chiarini A, Aldini R, Donati M, Pollini GM, Cenacchi G. In vitro activity of a partially purified and characterized bark extract of Castanea sativa Mill. (ENC®) against Chlamydia spp. Ultrastruct Pathol 2017; 41:147-153. [PMID: 28277149 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2016.1275909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Castanea sativa Mill (ENC®), containing tannins against 33 Chlamydia strains, was compared to SMAP-29 with inhibitory effect against C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae. The ENC® activity against Chlamydia spp. was evaluated determining the lowest concentration to achieve more than half reduction of intact chlamydial inclusions versus controls. ENC® reduced all Chlamydia strains tested at 1 µg/mL, while SMAP-29 induced reductions of C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae infectivity at 10 µg/mL. A great reduction of C. trachomatis, C. pneumoniae, and C. abortus infectivity was achieved with a 10 µg/mL ENC® concentration, whereas their infectivity was almost inhibited at 100 µg/mL ENC® concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Papa
- a Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences Department, Pathology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Laura Ginocchietti
- b Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department, Microbiology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- c Pharmacy and Biotechnology Department , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Matteo Micucci
- c Pharmacy and Biotechnology Department , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Roberta Costa
- a Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences Department, Pathology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Roberta Biondi
- b Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department, Microbiology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Roberto Cevenini
- b Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department, Microbiology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Alberto Chiarini
- b Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department, Microbiology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Rita Aldini
- c Pharmacy and Biotechnology Department , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Manuela Donati
- b Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department, Microbiology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Gian Matteo Pollini
- b Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department, Microbiology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Giovanna Cenacchi
- a Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences Department, Pathology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
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D'Este F, Benincasa M, Cannone G, Furlan M, Scarsini M, Volpatti D, Gennaro R, Tossi A, Skerlavaj B, Scocchi M. Antimicrobial and host cell-directed activities of Gly/Ser-rich peptides from salmonid cathelicidins. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 59:456-468. [PMID: 27818338 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cathelicidins, a major family of vertebrate antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), have a recognized role in the first line of defense against infections. They have been identified in several salmonid species, where the putative mature peptides are unusually long and rich in serine and glycine residues, often arranged in short multiple repeats (RLGGGS/RPGGGS) intercalated by hydrophobic motifs. Fragments of 24-40 residues, spanning specific motifs and conserved sequences in grayling or brown, rainbow and brook trout, were chemically synthesized and examined for antimicrobial activity against relevant Gram-positive and Gram-negative salmonid pathogens, as well as laboratory reference strains. They were not active in complete medium, but showed varying potency and activity spectra in diluted media. Bacterial membrane permeabilization also occurred only under these conditions and was indicated by rapid propidium iodide uptake in peptide-treated bacteria. However, circular dichroism analyses indicated that they did not significantly adopt ordered conformations in membrane-like environments. The peptides were not hemolytic or cytotoxic to trout cells, including freshly purified head kidney leukocytes (HKL) and the fibroblastic RTG-2 cell line. Notably, when exposed to them, HKL showed increased metabolic activity, while a growth-promoting effect was observed on RTG-2 cells, suggesting a functional interaction of salmonid cathelicidins with host cells similar to that shown by mammalian ones. The three most active peptides produced a dose-dependent increase in phagocytic uptake by HKL simultaneously stimulated with bacterial particles. The peptide STF(1-37), selected for further analyses, also enhanced phagocytic uptake in the presence of autologous serum, and increased intracellular killing of live E. coli. Furthermore, when tested on HKL in combination with the immunostimulant β-glucan, it synergistically potentiated both phagocytic uptake and the respiratory burst response, activities that play a key role in fish immunity. Collectively, these data point to a role of salmonid cathelicidins as modulators of fish microbicidal mechanisms beyond a salt-sensitive antimicrobial activity, and encourage further studies also in view of potential applications in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca D'Este
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Monica Benincasa
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cannone
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Michela Furlan
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Scarsini
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Donatella Volpatti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, Via Sondrio 2/a, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Renato Gennaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tossi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Barbara Skerlavaj
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Marco Scocchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Omardien S, Brul S, Zaat SAJ. Antimicrobial Activity of Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides against Gram-Positives: Current Progress Made in Understanding the Mode of Action and the Response of Bacteria. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:111. [PMID: 27790614 PMCID: PMC5063857 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been proposed as a novel class of antimicrobials that could aid the fight against antibiotic resistant bacteria. The mode of action of AMPs as acting on the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane has often been presented as an enigma and there are doubts whether the membrane is the sole target of AMPs. Progress has been made in clarifying the possible targets of these peptides, which is reported in this review with as focus gram-positive vegetative cells and spores. Numerical estimates are discussed to evaluate the possibility that targets, other than the membrane, could play a role in susceptibility to AMPs. Concerns about possible resistance that bacteria might develop to AMPs are addressed. Proteomics, transcriptomics, and other molecular techniques are reviewed in the context of explaining the response of bacteria to the presence of AMPs and to predict what resistance strategies might be. Emergent mechanisms are cell envelope stress responses as well as enzymes able to degrade and/or specifically bind (and thus inactivate) AMPs. Further studies are needed to address the broadness of the AMP resistance and stress responses observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Omardien
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stanley Brul
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sebastian A J Zaat
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Peel E, Cheng Y, Djordjevic JT, Fox S, Sorrell TC, Belov K. Cathelicidins in the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii). Sci Rep 2016; 6:35019. [PMID: 27725697 PMCID: PMC5057115 DOI: 10.1038/srep35019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tasmanian devil joeys, like other marsupials, are born at a very early stage of development, prior to the development of their adaptive immune system, yet survive in a pathogen-laden pouch and burrow. Antimicrobial peptides, called cathelicidins, which provide innate immune protection during early life, are expressed in the pouch lining, skin and milk of devil dams. These peptides are active against pathogens identified in the pouch microbiome. Of the six characterised cathelicidins, Saha-CATH5 and 6 have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and are capable of killing problematic human pathogens including methicillin-resistant S. aureus and vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis, while Saha-CATH3 is active against fungi. Saha-CATH5 and 6 were toxic to human A549 cells at 500 μg/mL, which is over seven times the concentration required to kill pathogens. The remaining devil cathelicidins were not active against tested bacterial or fungal strains, but are widely expressed throughout the body, such as in immune tissues, in digestive, respiratory and reproductive tracts, and in the milk and pouch, which indicates that they are likely also important components of the devil immune system. Our results suggest cathelicidins play a role in protecting naive young during pouch life by passive immune transfer in the milk and may modulate pouch microbe populations to reduce potential pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Peel
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Y Cheng
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - J T Djordjevic
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, and Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Fox
- Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, 134 Macquarie Street, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - T C Sorrell
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, and Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - K Belov
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Coyle C, Wheelhouse N, Jacques M, Longbottom D, Svoboda P, Pohl J, Duncan WC, Rae MT, Barlow PG. Ovine trophoblasts express cathelicidin host defence peptide in response to infection. J Reprod Immunol 2016; 117:10-6. [PMID: 27348190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cationic host defence peptides (CHDP; also known as antimicrobial peptides) are key components of the immune response in the female reproductive tract. The role of the placental trophoblast in ovine host defence remains poorly understood. This study characterises expression of genes for cathelicidin and defensin peptides in primary ovine placental tissues, the ovine trophoblast cell line (AH-1) and in response to the TLR-4 ligand LPS, the abortifacient organism Waddlia chondrophila and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Using RT-PCR, expression of the CHDP SMAP-29, sBD-1 and sBD-2 was assessed in the AH-1 cell line in response to LPS, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 exposure (a known stimulator of cathelicidin gene expression), or W. chondrophila infection. Expression of cathelicidin in the trophoblast compartment of the ovine placenta and in the ovine trophoblast cell line (AH-1) was also established. AH-1 cells did not upregulate expression of CHDP in response to LPS, but sBD-1 and sBD-2 expression was significantly increased in response to W. chondrophila infection. SMAP-29 expression was not altered by in vitro exposure to 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. This study demonstrates that the ovine trophoblast expresses cathelicidins, but does not upregulate expression of CHDP in response to LPS. Ovine trophoblasts are shown to differentially regulate expression of CHDP and lack a demonstrable vitamin D-mediated cathelicidin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Coyle
- School of Life, Sport and Social Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Wheelhouse
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Maxime Jacques
- School of Life, Sport and Social Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, United Kingdom
| | - David Longbottom
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Pavel Svoboda
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA 30333, United States
| | - Jan Pohl
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA 30333, United States
| | - W Colin Duncan
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queens Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael T Rae
- School of Life, Sport and Social Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, United Kingdom
| | - Peter G Barlow
- School of Life, Sport and Social Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, United Kingdom.
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Maleki H, Rai A, Pinto S, Evangelista M, Cardoso RMS, Paulo C, Carvalheiro T, Paiva A, Imani M, Simchi A, Durães L, Portugal A, Ferreira L. High Antimicrobial Activity and Low Human Cell Cytotoxicity of Core-Shell Magnetic Nanoparticles Functionalized with an Antimicrobial Peptide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:11366-11378. [PMID: 27074633 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b03355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) functionalized with antimicrobial agents are promising infection-targeted therapeutic platforms when coupled with external magnetic stimuli. These antimicrobial nanoparticles (NPs) may offer advantages in fighting intracellular pathogens as well as biomaterial-associated infections. This requires the development of NPs with high antimicrobial activity without interfering with the biology of mammalian cells. Here, we report the preparation of biocompatible antimicrobial SPION@gold core-shell NPs based on covalent immobilization of the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) cecropin melittin (CM) (the conjugate is named AMP-NP). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the AMP-NP for Escherichia coli was 0.4 μg/mL, 10-times lower than the MIC of soluble CM. The antimicrobial activity of CM depends on the length of the spacer between the CM and the NP. AMP-NPs are taken up by endothelial (between 60 and 170 pg of NPs per cell) and macrophage (between 18 and 36 pg of NPs per cell) cells and accumulate preferentially in endolysosomes. These NPs have no significant cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory activities for concentrations up to 200 μg/mL (at least 100 times higher than the MIC of soluble CM). Our results in membrane models suggest that the selectivity of AMP-NPs for bacteria and not eukaryotic membranes is due to their membrane compositions. The AMP-NPs developed here open new opportunities for infection-site targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Maleki
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra , 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Akhilesh Rai
- Biocant-Biotechnology Innovation Center, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
- CNC-Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Pinto
- Biocant-Biotechnology Innovation Center, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
- CNC-Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta Evangelista
- Biocant-Biotechnology Innovation Center, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
- CNC-Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Renato M S Cardoso
- Biocant-Biotechnology Innovation Center, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
- CNC-Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Paulo
- Biocant-Biotechnology Innovation Center, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
- CNC-Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tiago Carvalheiro
- Blood and Transplantation Center of Coimbra, Portuguese Institute of Blood and Transplantation , 3041-861 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Paiva
- Blood and Transplantation Center of Coimbra, Portuguese Institute of Blood and Transplantation , 3041-861 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mohammad Imani
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute , 13115-14977 Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Simchi
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology , 11365-11155 Tehran, Iran
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology , 11365-11155 Tehran, Iran
| | - Luísa Durães
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra , 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Portugal
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra , 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lino Ferreira
- Biocant-Biotechnology Innovation Center, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
- CNC-Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
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48
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Chemistry and Antimicrobial Potential of the Buffalo Myeloid Cathelicidin, BuMAP-34. Int J Pept Res Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-016-9520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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The human cathelicidin LL-37 — A pore-forming antibacterial peptide and host-cell modulator. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:546-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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50
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Jacob B, Rajasekaran G, Kim EY, Park IS, Bang JK, Shin SY. The stereochemical effect of SMAP-29 and SMAP-18 on bacterial selectivity, membrane interaction and anti-inflammatory activity. Amino Acids 2016; 48:1241-51. [PMID: 26795535 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Sheep myeloid antimicrobial peptide-29 (SMAP-29) is a cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide derived from sheep myeloid cells. In order to investigate the effects of L-to-D-amino acid substitution in SMAP-29 on bacterial selectivity, membrane interaction and anti-inflammatory activity, we synthesized its two D-enantiomeric peptides (SMAP-29-E1 and SMAP-29-E2 containing D-Ile and D-allo-Ile, respectively) and two diastereomeric peptides (SMAP-29-D1 and SMAP-29-D2). Additionally, in order to address the effect of L-to-D-amino acid substitution in the N-terminal helical peptide of SMAP-29 (named SMAP-18) on antimicrobial activity, we synthesized its two D-enantiomeric peptides (SMAP-18-E1 and SMAP-18-E2), which are composed of D-amino acids entirely. L-to-D-amino acid substitution in membrane-targeting AMP, SMAP-29 did not affect its antimicrobial activity. However, D-allo-Ile containing-SMAP-29-E2 and SMAP-29-D2 exhibited less hemolytic activity compared to D-Ile containing-SMAP-29-E1 and SMAP-29-D1, respectively. L-to-D-amino acid substitution in intracellular targeting-AMPs, SMAP-18 and buforin-2 improved antimicrobial activity by 2- to eightfold. The improved antimicrobial activity of the D-isomers of SMAP-18 and buforin-2 seems to be due to the stability against proteases inside bacterial cells. Membrane depolarization and dye leakage suggested that the membrane-disruptive mode of SMAP-29-D1 and SMAP-29-D2 is different from that of SMAP-29, SMAP-29-E1, and SMAP-29-E2. L-to-D-amino acid substitution in SMAP-29 improved anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In summary, we propose here that D-allo-Ile substitution is a more powerful strategy for increasing bacterial selectivity than D-Ile substitution in the design of D-enantiomeric and diastereomeric AMPs. SMAP-29-D1, and SMAP-29-D2 with improved bacterial selectivity and anti-inflammatory activity can serve as promising candidates for the development of anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binu Jacob
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesan Rajasekaran
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Seon Park
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, 804-1 Yangchung-ri, Ochang, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea.
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea.
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