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Chen J, Guo Y, Tan J. Dynamic Analysis of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence in Response to Time-Variant Excitations during Strong Actinic Illumination and Application in Probing Plant Water Loss. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 6:0151. [PMID: 38370572 PMCID: PMC10870241 DOI: 10.34133/plantphenomics.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Magnitude measurement of chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) involves challenges, and dynamic responses to variable excitations may offer an alternative. In this research, ChlF was measured during strong actinic light by using a pseudo-random binary sequence as a time-variant multiple-frequency illumination excitation. The responses were observed in the time domain but were primarily analyzed in the frequency domain in terms of amplitude gain variations. The excitation amplitude was varied, and moisture loss was used to induce changes in the plant samples for further analysis. The results show that when nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) activities start, the amplitude of ChlF responses vary, making the ChlF responses to illumination excitations nonlinear and nonstationary. NPQ influences the ChlF responses in low frequencies, most notably below 0.03 rad/s. The low-frequency gain is linearly correlated with NPQ and can thus be used as a reference to compensate for the variations in ChlF measurements. The high-frequency amplitude gain showed a stronger correlation with moisture loss after correction with the low-frequency gain. This work demonstrates the usefulness of dynamic characteristics in broadening the applications of ChlF measurements in plant analysis and offers a way to mitigate variabilities in ChlF measurements during strong actinic illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering,
University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ya Guo
- School of IOT,
Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinglu Tan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering,
University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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2
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Garab G, Magyar M, Sipka G, Lambrev PH. New foundations for the physical mechanism of variable chlorophyll a fluorescence. Quantum efficiency versus the light-adapted state of photosystem II. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5458-5471. [PMID: 37410874 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) uses solar energy to oxidize water and delivers electrons to fix CO2. Although the structure at atomic resolution and the basic photophysical and photochemical functions of PSII are well understood, many important questions remain. The activity of PSII in vitro and in vivo is routinely monitored by recording the induction kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF). According to the 'mainstream' model, the rise from the minimum level (Fo) to the maximum (Fm) of ChlF of dark-adapted PSII reflects the closure of all functionally active reaction centers, and the Fv/Fm ratio is equated with the maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII (where Fv=Fm-Fo). However, this model has never been free of controversies. Recent experimental data from a number of studies have confirmed that the first single-turnover saturating flash (STSF), which generates the closed state (PSIIC), produces F1
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Affiliation(s)
- Győző Garab
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Melinda Magyar
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Sipka
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petar H Lambrev
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
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3
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Wang X, Dingxuan Q, Shi M. Calcium amendment for improved germination, plant growth, and leaf photosynthetic electron transport in oat (Avena sativa) under NaCl stress. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256529. [PMID: 34428242 PMCID: PMC8384207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is an essential nutrient element for plants as it stabilizes the membrane system structure and controls enzyme activity. To investigate the effects of Ca2+ on plant growth and leaf photosynthetic electron transport in oat (Avena sativa) under NaCl stress, oat seeds and plants were cultivated in nutrient solutions with single NaCl treatment and NaCl treatment with CaCl2 amendment. By measuring the seed germination rate, plant growth, Na+ and Cl- accumulation in leaves, ion leakage in seedlings and leaves, prompt chlorophyll a fluorescence (PF) transient (OJIP), delayed chlorophyll a fluorescence (DF), and modulated 820 nm reflection (MR) values of the leaves at different growth phases, we observed that Ca2+ alleviated the inhibition of germination and plant growth and decreased Na+ and Cl- accumulation and ion leakage in the leaves under NaCl stress. NaCl stress changed the curves of the OJIP transient, induced PF intensity at P-step (FP) decrease and PF intensity at J-step (FJ) increase, resulted in obvious K and L bands, and altered the performance index of absorption (PIABS), the absorption of antenna chlorophyll (ABS/RC), electron movement efficiency (ETo/TRo), and potential maximum photosynthetic capacity (FV/FM) values. With the time extension of NaCl stress, I1 and I2 in the DF curve showed a decreasing trend, the lowest values of MR/MRO curve increased, and the highest points of the MR/MRO curve decreased. Compared with NaCl treatment, the extent of change induced by NaCl in the values of OJIP, DF and MR was reduced in the NaCl treatment with CaCl2 amendment. These results revealed that Ca2+ might improve the photosynthetic efficiency and the growth of salt-stressed plants by maintaining the integrity of oxygen-evolving complexes and electron transporters on the side of the PSI receptor and enhancing the relationship between the functional units of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. The findings from this study could be used for improving crop productivity in saline alkali lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Wang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiyue Dingxuan
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Shi
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, The People’s Republic of China
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Effects of Different Planting Densities on Photosynthesis in Maize Determined via Prompt Fluorescence, Delayed Fluorescence and P700 Signals. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020276. [PMID: 33572625 PMCID: PMC7910836 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The mutual shading among individual field-grown maize plants resulting from high planting density inevitably reduces leaf photosynthesis, while regulating the photosynthetic transport chain has a strong impact on photosynthesis. However, the effect of high planting density on the photosynthetic electron transport chain in maize currently remains unclear. In this study, we simultaneously measured prompt chlorophyll a fluorescence (PF), modulated 820 nm reflection (MR) and delayed chlorophyll a fluorescence (DF) in order to investigate the effect of high planting density on the photosynthetic electron transport chain in two maize hybrids widely grown in China. PF transients demonstrated a gradual reduction in their signal amplitude with increasing planting density. In addition, high planting density induced positive J-step and G-bands of the PF transients, reduced the values of PF parameters PIABS, RC/CSO, TRO/ABS, ETO/TRO and REO/ETO, and enhanced ABS/RC and N. MR kinetics showed an increase of their lowest point with increasing high planting density, and thus the values of MR parameters VPSI and VPSII-PSI were reduced. The shapes of DF induction and decay curves were changed by high planting density. In addition, high planting density reduced the values of DF parameters I1, I2, L1 and L2, and enhanced I2/I1. These results suggested that high planting density caused harm on multiple components of maize photosynthetic electron transport chain, including an inactivation of PSII RCs, a blocked electron transfer between QA and QB, a reduction in PSI oxidation and re-reduction activities, and an impaired PSI acceptor side. Moreover, a comparison between PSII and PSI activities demonstrated the greater effect of plant density on the former.
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5
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Ambastha V, Sopory SK, Tripathy BC, Tiwari BS. Salt induced programmed cell death in rice: evidence from chloroplast proteome signature. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 48:8-27. [PMID: 32702286 DOI: 10.1071/fp19356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity, depending on its intensity, drives a challenged plant either to death, or survival with compromised productivity. On exposure to moderate salinity, plants can often survive by sacrificing some of their cells 'in target' following a route called programmed cell death (PCD). In animals, PCD has been well characterised, and involvement of mitochondria in the execution of PCD events has been unequivocally proven. In plants, mechanistic details of the process are still in grey area. Previously, we have shown that in green tissues of rice, for salt induced PCD to occur, the presence of active chloroplasts and light are equally important. In the present work, we have characterised the chloroplast proteome in rice seedlings at 12 and 24 h after salt exposure and before the time point where the signature of PCD was observed. We identified almost 100 proteins from chloroplasts, which were divided in to 11 categories based on the biological functions in which they were involved. Our results concerning the differential expression of chloroplastic proteins revealed involvement of some novel candidates. Moreover, we observed maximum phosphorylation pattern of chloroplastic proteins at an early time point (12 h) of salt exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Ambastha
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sudhir K Sopory
- Plant Molecular Biology, International Centre of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Baishnab C Tripathy
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; and Corresponding author. ; ;
| | - Budhi Sagar Tiwari
- Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujrat 482007, India; and Corresponding author. ; ;
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6
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Feng S, Fu L, Xia Q, Tan J, Jiang Y, Guo Y. Modelling and simulation of photosystem II chlorophyll fluorescence transition from dark-adapted state to light-adapted state. IET Syst Biol 2019; 12:289-293. [PMID: 30472693 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2018.5003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Green houses play a vital role in modern agriculture. Artificial light illumination is very important in a green house. While light is necessary for plant growth, excessive light in a green house may not bring more profit and even damages plants. Developing a plant-physiology-based light control strategy in a green house is important, which implies that a state-space model on photosynthetic activities is very useful because modern control theories and techniques are usually developed according to model structures in the state space. In this work, a simplified model structure on photosystem II activities was developed with seven state variables and chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) as the observable variable. Experiments on ChlF were performed. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was used to estimate model parameters from experimental data. The model structure can fit experimental data with a small relative error (<2%). ChlF under different light intensities were simulated to show the effect of light intensity on ChlF emission. A simplified model structure with fewer state variables and model parameters will be more robust to perturbations and model parameter estimation. The model structure is thus expected useful in future green-house light control strategy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Feng
- School of Internet of Things, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijiang Fu
- School of Internet of Things, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Xia
- School of Internet of Things, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglu Tan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Yongnian Jiang
- Jiangsu Zhongnong IoT Technology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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7
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Xia Q, Tan J, Cheng S, Jiang Y, Guo Y. Sensing Plant Physiology and Environmental Stress by Automatically Tracking F j and F i Features in PSII Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 95:1495-1503. [PMID: 31309566 DOI: 10.1111/php.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Following a step excitation, chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) from photosystem II (PSII) of a dark-adapted photosynthetic organism exhibits the well-known OJIP pattern. The OJIP induction has been widely used in plant science and agriculture engineering. While the J and I phases are related to transitions of photochemical reaction redox states, characteristic fluorescence intensities at the two phases (Fj and Fi ) are often treated at fixed time points in routine measurement and thus do not account for variations in plant and experimental conditions, this (1) neglects the differences in the time of appearance of these phases, which is potentially useful information for characterizing plant status and environmental factors, and (2) leads to errors in measured Fj and Fi values in the many publications. In this work, an alternative method for consistent measurement of Fj and Fi was presented. The proposed method measures the curvatures in the OJIP curve and automatically tracks the characteristic transition points under variable sample and experimental conditions. Experiments were carried out to demonstrate the concept and classification capabilities of the method. This research has established a new framework to analyze ChlF and has enhanced the application capability of ChlF. It is expect useful in analysis ChlF from PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xia
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Internet of Things, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jinglu Tan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shengyang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yongnian Jiang
- Jiangsu Zhongnong IoT Technology Co., Ltd, Yixing, China
| | - Ya Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry (Ministry of Education), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Internet of Things, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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8
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Dąbrowski P, Baczewska-Dąbrowska AH, Kalaji HM, Goltsev V, Paunov M, Rapacz M, Wójcik-Jagła M, Pawluśkiewicz B, Bąba W, Brestic M. Exploration of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence and Plant Gas Exchange Parameters as Indicators of Drought Tolerance in Perennial Ryegrass. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E2736. [PMID: 31216685 PMCID: PMC6631610 DOI: 10.3390/s19122736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) belongs to the common cultivated grass species in Central and Western Europe. Despite being considered to be susceptible to drought, it is frequently used for forming the turf in urban green areas. In such areas, the water deficit in soil is recognized as one of the most important environmental factors, which can limit plant growth. The basic aim of this work was to explore the mechanisms standing behind the changes in the photosynthetic apparatus performance of two perennial ryegrass turf varieties grown under drought stress using comprehensive in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence signal analyses and plant gas exchange measurements. Drought was applied after eight weeks of sowing by controlling the humidity of the roots ground medium at the levels of 30, 50, and 70% of the field water capacity. Measurements were carried out at four times: 0, 120, and 240 h after drought application and after recovery (refilling water to 70%). We found that the difference between the two tested varieties' response resulted from a particular re-reduction of P700+ (reaction certer of PSI) that was caused by slower electron donation from P680. The difference in the rate of electron flow from Photosystem II (PSII) to PSI was also detected. The application of the combined tools (plants' photosynthetic efficiency analysis and plant gas exchange measurements) allowed exploring and explaining the specific variety response to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Dąbrowski
- Department of Environmental Improvement, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aneta H Baczewska-Dąbrowska
- Polish Academy of Sciences Botanical Garden-Center for Biological Diversity Conservation in Powsin, 02-973 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Hazem M Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Vasilij Goltsev
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Sofia University "St. Kl. Ohridski", 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Momchil Paunov
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Sofia University "St. Kl. Ohridski", 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Marcin Rapacz
- University of Agriculture in Kraków, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, Department of Plant Physiology, 30-239 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Wójcik-Jagła
- University of Agriculture in Kraków, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, Department of Plant Physiology, 30-239 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Bogumiła Pawluśkiewicz
- Department of Environmental Improvement, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Bąba
- Department of Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia.
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9
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Xia Q, Tan J, Ji X, Jiang Y, Guo Y. Modelling and simulation of chlorophyll fluorescence from photosystem II as affected by temperature. IET Syst Biol 2018; 12:304-310. [PMID: 30472695 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2018.5030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Emission of chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) from photosystem II (PSII) is affected by both plant status and environmental conditions. In this work, a state space model structure for ChlF from PSII with temperature as a variable model parameter was developed to provide insights into the temperature effects on photosynthesis and greenhouse temperature control. Experiments were carried out at 20, 25, and 30°C to validate the capability and flexibility of the developed model structure. Simulations of ChlF emission were performed for different temperatures. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the ChlF model structure and the findings are useful for the development of greenhouse temperature control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xia
- School of Internet of Things, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglu Tan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Xunsheng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongnian Jiang
- Jiangsu Zhongnong IoT Technology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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10
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Kalaji HM, Schansker G, Brestic M, Bussotti F, Calatayud A, Ferroni L, Goltsev V, Guidi L, Jajoo A, Li P, Losciale P, Mishra VK, Misra AN, Nebauer SG, Pancaldi S, Penella C, Pollastrini M, Suresh K, Tambussi E, Yanniccari M, Zivcak M, Cetner MD, Samborska IA, Stirbet A, Olsovska K, Kunderlikova K, Shelonzek H, Rusinowski S, Bąba W. Frequently asked questions about chlorophyll fluorescence, the sequel. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 132:13-66. [PMID: 27815801 PMCID: PMC5357263 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0318-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Using chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence many aspects of the photosynthetic apparatus can be studied, both in vitro and, noninvasively, in vivo. Complementary techniques can help to interpret changes in the Chl a fluorescence kinetics. Kalaji et al. (Photosynth Res 122:121-158, 2014a) addressed several questions about instruments, methods and applications based on Chl a fluorescence. Here, additional Chl a fluorescence-related topics are discussed again in a question and answer format. Examples are the effect of connectivity on photochemical quenching, the correction of F V /F M values for PSI fluorescence, the energy partitioning concept, the interpretation of the complementary area, probing the donor side of PSII, the assignment of bands of 77 K fluorescence emission spectra to fluorescence emitters, the relationship between prompt and delayed fluorescence, potential problems when sampling tree canopies, the use of fluorescence parameters in QTL studies, the use of Chl a fluorescence in biosensor applications and the application of neural network approaches for the analysis of fluorescence measurements. The answers draw on knowledge from different Chl a fluorescence analysis domains, yielding in several cases new insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem M. Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Filippo Bussotti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Angeles Calatayud
- Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Ctra. Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5., 46113 Moncada, Valencia Spain
| | - Lorenzo Ferroni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vasilij Goltsev
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 8 Dr.Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anjana Jajoo
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, M.P. 452 001 India
| | - Pengmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Pasquale Losciale
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria [Research Unit for Agriculture in Dry Environments], 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Vinod K. Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Doon (P.G.) College of Agriculture Science, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001 India
| | - Amarendra N. Misra
- Centre for Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Ranchi, 835205 India
| | - Sergio G. Nebauer
- Departamento de Producción vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera sn., 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Simonetta Pancaldi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Consuelo Penella
- Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Ctra. Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5., 46113 Moncada, Valencia Spain
| | - Martina Pollastrini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Kancherla Suresh
- ICAR – Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research, Pedavegi, West Godavari Dt., Andhra Pradesh 534 450 India
| | - Eduardo Tambussi
- Institute of Plant Physiology, INFIVE (Universidad Nacional de La Plata — Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Diagonal 113 N°495, CC 327, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcos Yanniccari
- Institute of Plant Physiology, INFIVE (Universidad Nacional de La Plata — Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Diagonal 113 N°495, CC 327, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Magdalena D. Cetner
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela A. Samborska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Katarina Olsovska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Kristyna Kunderlikova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Henry Shelonzek
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Szymon Rusinowski
- Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, Kossutha 6, 40-844 Katowice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bąba
- Department of Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland
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11
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Chuenwarin P, Shimazaki A, Shimizu M, Kobayashi Y, Katsumata M, Kobayashi H. Nondestructive evaluation of photosynthesis by delayed luminescence in Arabidopsis in Petri dishes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 80:452-60. [PMID: 26559425 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1101332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Nondestructive evaluation of photosynthesis is a valuable tool in the field and laboratory. Delayed luminescence (DL) can reflect charge recombination through the backflow of electrons. However, DL detection has not yet been adapted for whole plants in Petri dishes. To compensate for differences in DL decay between sibling Arabidopsis plants grown under the same conditions, we developed a time-sequential double measurement method. Using this method, we examined the influence of photosynthetic electron flow inhibitors, and differences in the DL decay curves were categorized by considering the initial and late phases of the decay curves, as well as their intermediate slopes. The appearance of concavity and convexity in DL curves in Arabidopsis was different from unicellular algae, suggesting complexity in the photosynthetic machinery of higher plants. This detection method should be invaluable for evaluating photosynthetic defects in higher plants under sterile conditions without interrupting plant culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweena Chuenwarin
- a Laboratory of Plant Molecular Improvement, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences , University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Azumi Shimazaki
- a Laboratory of Plant Molecular Improvement, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences , University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Masanori Shimizu
- b School of Health Promotional Science , Tokoha University , Hamamatsu , Japan
| | - Yuko Kobayashi
- c Central Research Laboratory , Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. , Hamamatsu , Japan
| | - Masakazu Katsumata
- c Central Research Laboratory , Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. , Hamamatsu , Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kobayashi
- a Laboratory of Plant Molecular Improvement, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences , University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
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12
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Duan Y, Zhang M, Gao J, Li P, Goltsev V, Ma F. Thermotolerance of apple tree leaves probed by chlorophyll a fluorescence and modulated 820 nm reflection during seasonal shift. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 152:347-56. [PMID: 26298695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
During the seasonal shift from June to August, air temperatures increase. To explore how apple trees improve their thermotolerance during this shift, we examined the photochemical reaction capacity of apple tree leaves by simultaneous measurement of prompt chlorophyll fluorescence, delayed chlorophyll fluorescence, and modulated 820 nm reflection at varying temperatures. It was found that the reaction centers and antennae of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), the donor side of PSII, the electron transfer capacity from QA to QB, and the reoxidation capacity of plastoquinol were all sensitive to heat stress, particularly in June. As the season shifted, apple tree leaves improved in thermotolerance. Interestingly, the acclimation to seasonal shift enhanced the thermotolerance of PSII and PSI reaction centers more than that of their antennae, and the activity of PSII more than that of PSI. This may be a strategy for plant adaptation to changes in environmental temperatures. In addition, results from prompt and delayed fluorescence, as well as modulated 820 nm reflection corroborate each other. We suggest that the simultaneous measurement of the three independent signals may provide more information on thermal acclimation mechanisms of photochemical reactions in plant leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mengxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Pengmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Vasilij Goltsev
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 8 Dr. Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Tindall AJ, Waller J, Greenwood M, Gould PD, Hartwell J, Hall A. A comparison of high-throughput techniques for assaying circadian rhythms in plants. PLANT METHODS 2015; 11:32. [PMID: 25987891 PMCID: PMC4435651 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-015-0071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the development of high-throughput techniques has enabled us to probe the plant circadian clock, a key coordinator of vital biological processes, in ways previously impossible. With the circadian clock increasingly implicated in key fitness and signalling pathways, this has opened up new avenues for understanding plant development and signalling. Our tool-kit has been constantly improving through continual development and novel techniques that increase throughput, reduce costs and allow higher resolution on the cellular and subcellular levels. With circadian assays becoming more accessible and relevant than ever to researchers, in this paper we offer a review of the techniques currently available before considering the horizons in circadian investigation at ever higher throughputs and resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Tindall
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jade Waller
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mark Greenwood
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - Peter D Gould
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - James Hartwell
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anthony Hall
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, UK
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14
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Guo Y, Tan J. Fourier transform of delayed fluorescence as an indicator of herbicide concentration. J Theor Biol 2014; 363:271-6. [PMID: 25152216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that delayed fluorescence (DF) from Photosystem II (PSII) of plant leaves can be potentially used to sense herbicide pollution and evaluate the effect of herbicides on plant leaves. The research of using DF as a measure of herbicides in the literature was mainly conducted in time domain and qualitative correlation was often obtained. Fourier transform is often used to analyze signals. Viewing DF signal in frequency domain through Fourier transform may allow separation of signal components and provide a quantitative method for sensing herbicides. However, there is a lack of an attempt to use Fourier transform of DF as an indicator of herbicide. In this work, the relationship between the Fourier transform of DF and herbicide concentration was theoretically modelled and analyzed, which immediately yielded a quantitative method to measure herbicide concentration in frequency domain. Experiments were performed to validate the developed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Jinglu Tan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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15
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Photosynthetic performance during leaf expansion in Malus micromalus probed by chlorophyll a fluorescence and modulated 820nm reflection. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 137:144-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of the initial phases of chlorophyll fluorescence from photosystem II. Biosystems 2014; 115:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Guo Y, Tan J. Applications of delayed fluorescence from photosystem II. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 13:17332-45. [PMID: 24351639 PMCID: PMC3892870 DOI: 10.3390/s131217332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
While photosystem II (PSII) of plants utilizes light for photosynthesis, part of the absorbed energy may be reverted back and dissipated as long-term fluorescence (delayed fluorescence or DF). Because the generation of DF is coupled with the processes of forward photosynthetic activities, DF contains the information about plant physiological states and plant-environment interactions. This makes DF a potentially powerful biosensing mechanism to measure plant photosynthetic activities and environmental conditions. While DF has attracted the interest of many researchers, some aspects of it are still unknown because of the complexity of photosynthetic system. In order to provide a holistic picture about the usefulness of DF, it is meaningful to summarize the research on DF applications. In this short review, available literature on applications of DF from PSII is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Jinglu Tan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; E-Mail:
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18
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Delayed fluorescence spectra of intact leaves photoexcited by sunlight measured with a multichannel Fourier-transform chemiluminescence spectrometer. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Toxicant induced changes on delayed fluorescence decay kinetics of cyanobacteria and green algae: a rapid and sensitive biotest. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63127. [PMID: 23646185 PMCID: PMC3639967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Algal tests have developed into routine tools for testing toxicity of pollutants in aquatic environments. Meanwhile, in addition to algal growth rates, an increasing number of fluorescence based methods are used for rapid and sensitive toxicity measures. The present study stresses the suitability of delayed fluorescence (DF) as a promising parameter for biotests. DF is based on the recombination fluorescence at the reaction centre of photosystem II, which is emitted only by photosynthetically active cells. We analyzed the effects of three chemicals (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), 3,5 Dichlorophenol (3,5 DCP) and copper) on the shape of the DF decay kinetics for potential use in phytoplankton toxicity tests. The short incubation tests were done with four phytoplankton species, with special emphasis on the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. All species exhibited a high sensitivity to DCMU, but cyanobacteria were more affected by copper and less by 3,5 DCP than the tested green algae. Analyses of changes in the DF decay curve in response to the added chemicals indicated the feasibility of the DF decay approach as a rapid and sensitive testing tool.
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Oukarroum A, Goltsev V, Strasser RJ. Temperature effects on pea plants probed by simultaneous measurements of the kinetics of prompt fluorescence, delayed fluorescence and modulated 820 nm reflection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59433. [PMID: 23527194 PMCID: PMC3602342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous in vivo measurements of prompt fluorescence (PF), delayed fluorescence (DF) and 820-nm reflection (MR) were made to probe response of pea leaves to 40 s incubation at high temperatures (25-50°C). We interpret our observation to suggest that heat treatment provokes an inhibition of electron donation by the oxygen evolving complex. DF, in a time range from several microseconds to milliseconds, has been thought to reflect recombination, in the dark, between the reduced primary electron acceptor QA(-) and the oxidized donor (P680(+)) of photosystem II (PSII). The lower electron transport rate through PSII after 45 and 50°C incubation also changed DF induction. We observed a decrease in the amplitude of the DF curve and a change in its shape and in its decay. Acceleration of P700(+) and PC(+) re-reduction was induced by 45°C treatment but after 50°C its reduction was slower, indicating inhibition of photosystem I. We suggest that simultaneous PF, MR and DF might provide useful information on assessing the degree of plant tolerance to different environmental stresses.
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21
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Kalaji HM, Goltsev V, Bosa K, Allakhverdiev SI, Strasser RJ. Experimental in vivo measurements of light emission in plants: a perspective dedicated to David Walker. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2012; 114:69-96. [PMID: 23065335 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-012-9780-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This review is dedicated to David Walker (1928-2012), a pioneer in the field of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence. We begin this review by presenting the history of light emission studies, from the ancient times. Light emission from plants is of several kinds: prompt fluorescence (PF), delayed fluorescence (DF), thermoluminescence, and phosphorescence. In this article, we focus on PF and DF. Chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements have been used for more than 80 years to study photosynthesis, particularly photosystem II (PSII) since 1961. This technique has become a regular trusted probe in agricultural and biological research. Many measured and calculated parameters are good biomarkers or indicators of plant tolerance to different abiotic and biotic stressors. This would never have been possible without the rapid development of new fluorometers. To date, most of these instruments are based mainly on two different operational principles for measuring variable chlorophyll a fluorescence: (1) a PF signal produced following a pulse-amplitude-modulated excitation and (2) a PF signal emitted during a strong continuous actinic excitation. In addition to fluorometers, other instruments have been developed to measure additional signals, such as DF, originating from PSII, and light-induced absorbance changes due to the photooxidation of P700, from PSI, measured as the absorption decrease (photobleaching) at about 705 nm, or increase at 820 nm. In this review, the technical and theoretical basis of newly developed instruments, allowing for simultaneous measurement of the PF and the DF as well as other parameters is discussed. Special emphasis has been given to a description of comparative measurements on PF and DF. However, DF has been discussed in greater details, since it is much less used and less known than PF, but has a great potential to provide useful qualitative new information on the back reactions of PSII electron transfer. A review concerning the history of fluorometers is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem M Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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22
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Stirbet A. Chlorophyll a fluorescence induction: a personal perspective of the thermal phase, the J-I-P rise. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2012; 113:15-61. [PMID: 22810945 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-012-9754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The fast (up to 1 s) chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence induction (FI) curve, measured under saturating continuous light, has a photochemical phase, the O-J rise, related mainly to the reduction of Q(A), the primary electron acceptor plastoquinone of Photosystem II (PSII); here, the fluorescence rise depends strongly on the number of photons absorbed. This is followed by a thermal phase, the J-I-P rise, which disappears at subfreezing temperatures. According to the mainstream interpretation of the fast FI, the variable fluorescence originates from PSII antenna, and the oxidized Q(A) is the most important quencher influencing the O-J-I-P curve. As the reaction centers of PSII are gradually closed by the photochemical reduction of Q(A), Chl fluorescence, F, rises from the O level (the minimal level) to the P level (the peak); yet, the relationship between F and [Q(A) (-)] is not linear, due to the presence of other quenchers and modifiers. Several alternative theories have been proposed, which give different interpretations of the O-J-I-P transient. The main idea in these alternative theories is that in saturating light, Q(A) is almost completely reduced already at the end of the photochemical phase O-J, but the fluorescence yield is lower than its maximum value due to the presence of either a second quencher besides Q(A), or there is an another process quenching the fluorescence; in the second quencher hypothesis, this quencher is consumed (or the process of quenching the fluorescence is reversed) during the thermal phase J-I-P. In this review, we discuss these theories. Based on our critical examination, that includes pros and cons of each theory, as well mathematical modeling, we conclude that the mainstream interpretation of the O-J-I-P transient is the most credible one, as none of the alternative ideas provide adequate explanation or experimental proof for the almost complete reduction of Q(A) at the end of the O-J phase, and for the origin of the fluorescence rise during the thermal phase. However, we suggest that some of the factors influencing the fluorescence yield that have been proposed in these newer theories, as e.g., the membrane potential ΔΨ, as suggested by Vredenberg and his associates, can potentially contribute to modulate the O-J-I-P transient in parallel with the reduction of Q(A), through changes at the PSII antenna and/or at the reaction center, or, possibly, through the control of the oxidation-reduction of the PQ-pool, including proton transfer into the lumen, as suggested by Rubin and his associates. We present in this review our personal perspective mainly on our understanding of the thermal phase, the J-I-P rise during Chl a FI in plants and algae.
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Mehta P, Kraslavsky V, Bharti S, Allakhverdiev SI, Jajoo A. Analysis of salt stress induced changes in Photosystem II heterogeneity by prompt fluorescence and delayed fluorescence in wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaves. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011; 104:308-13. [PMID: 21414797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate changes in the heterogeneity of PSII, prompt fluorescence induction curves (PFIC) and delayed fluorescence induction curves (DFIC) were measured in wheat leaves after salt treatment. From these data, antenna heterogeneity and reducing side heterogeneity were estimated. Results show that antenna size, which is further differentiated into α, β and γ PSII centers, is changed under salt stress conditions. At higher salt concentration, there is a decrease in the number of α PSII centers with simultaneous increase in the amount of β and γ PSII centers. Another aspect of antenna heterogeneity is explained in terms of connectivity (or grouping) between PSII centers which did not change significantly under salt stress. Reducing side heterogeneity was assessed by both DFIC and PFIC and results show that a significant increase in the conversion of Q(B)-reducing centers to Q(B)-non-reducing centers is observed under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Mehta
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore 452 017, MP, India
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24
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Guo Y, Tan J. Modeling and simulation of the initial phases of chlorophyll fluorescence from Photosystem II. Biosystems 2011; 103:152-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Saifuddin M, Hossain A, Normaniza O. Impacts of Shading on Flower Formation and Longevity, Leaf Chlorophyll and Growth of Bougainvillea glabra. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2010.20.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Goltsev V, Zaharieva I, Chernev P, Strasser RJ. Delayed fluorescence in photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2009; 101:217-32. [PMID: 19548111 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-009-9451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is a very efficient photochemical process. Nevertheless, plants emit some of the absorbed energy as light quanta. This luminescence is emitted, predominantly, by excited chlorophyll a molecules in the light-harvesting antenna, associated with Photosystem II (PS II) reaction centers. The emission that occurs before the utilization of the excitation energy in the primary photochemical reaction is called prompt fluorescence. Light emission can also be observed from repopulated excited chlorophylls as a result of recombination of the charge pairs. In this case, some time-dependent redox reactions occur before the excitation of the chlorophyll. This delays the light emission and provides the name for this phenomenon-delayed fluorescence (DF), or delayed light emission (DLE). The DF intensity is a decreasing polyphasic function of the time after illumination, which reflects the kinetics of electron transport reactions both on the (electron) donor and the (electron) acceptor sides of PS II. Two main experimental approaches are used for DF measurements: (a) recording of the DF decay in the dark after a single turnover flash or after continuous light excitation and (b) recording of the DF intensity during light adaptation of the photosynthesizing samples (induction curves), following a period of darkness. In this paper we review historical data on DF research and recent advances in the understanding of the relation between the delayed fluorescence and specific reactions in PS II. An experimental method for simultaneous recording of the induction transients of prompt and delayed chlorophyll fluorescence and decay curves of DF in the millisecond time domain is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilij Goltsev
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 8 Dragan Tzankov Boulevard, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Guo Y, Tan J. A kinetic model structure for delayed fluorescence from plants. Biosystems 2009; 95:98-103. [PMID: 18773937 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Revised: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 08/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this research, we demonstrated that the plastoquinone-related electron-transport kinetics in photosynthesis could be sufficiently described with as few as three state variables, Q(A)(-), Q(B)(-), and Q(B)(2-). A third-order kinetic model structure was developed with delayed fluorescence as the measurable output. Delayed fluorescence emissions from drought-stressed, DCMU [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] treated, or healthy plants were measured with a photon-counting system and used to verify the model structure through nonlinear least-squares optimization. While there were no visible differences between the healthy and the stressed plants, the model showed an obvious decrease of Q(A) reduction rate in the drought-stressed samples and a clear decline of functional Q(A)Q(B) pairs in the DCMU-treated samples. The changes were consistent with the known mechanisms by which water and DCMU affect electron transport in photosynthetic plants. The results proved that the three-state formulation was a compact and practically useful model structure for describing delayed fluorescence from plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Guo
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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28
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Yordanov I, Goltsev V, Stefanov D, Chernev P, Zaharieva I, Kirova M, Gecheva V, Strasser RJ. Preservation of photosynthetic electron transport from senescence-induced inactivation in primary leaves after decapitation and defoliation of bean plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 165:1954-63. [PMID: 18586352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2008] [Revised: 05/12/2008] [Accepted: 05/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The comparative effects of decapitation and defoliation on the senescence-induced inactivation of photosynthetic activity in primary leaves of bean plants were investigated. Decapitation was performed during different phases of bean plant ontogenesis, immediately after the appearance of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th composite leaf. In addition, we examined a variant with primary leaves and stem with an apical bud, but without composite leaves, i.e. defoliated plants. Analyses of chlorophyll fluorescence, millisecond delayed fluorescence and absorption at 830nm in primary leaves were undertaken to investigate the alterations in photosystems II and I electron transport during the decapitation-induced delayed senescence in the non-detached leaves. Analysis of the OKJIP transients using the JIP-test (see [Strasser R, Srivastava A, Tsimilli-Michael M. Analysis of the chlorophyll a fluorescence transient. In: Papageorgiou G, Govindjee, editors. Chlorophyll a fluorescence: a signature of photosynthesis. The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004; pp. 321-362]) showed an increase in several biophysical parameters of photosystem II in decapitated plants, specifically, the density of active reaction centers on a chlorophyll basis, the yields of trapping and electron transport, and the performance index. We also observed a decrease in the absorbed light energy per reaction center. Such a decrease in light absorption could be a result of the photosystem II down regulation that appeared as an increase in Q(B)-non-reducing photosystem II centers. The effect was identical when all leaves except the primary leaves were removed. The variant with a preserved apical bud, the defoliated plant, showed values similar to those of decapitated plants with primary leaves only. The changes in the induction curves of the delayed fluorescence also indicated an acceleration of electron transport beyond photosystem II in the decapitated and in defoliated plants. In these plants, the photosystem I-driven electron transport was accelerated, and the size of the plastoquinone pool was enhanced. It was established that decapitation can retard the senescence of primary leaves, can expand leaf life span and can cause activation of both photosystems I and II electron transport. The decapitation procedure shows similarities to the process of defoliation. The overcompensation effect that is developed after defoliation could initially be manifested as an acceleration of the linear photosynthetic electron flow in the rest of the leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Yordanov
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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29
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Bensky TJ, Clemo L, Gilbert C, Neff B, Moline MA, Rohan D. Observation of nanosecond laser induced fluorescence of in vitro seawater phytoplankton. APPLIED OPTICS 2008; 47:3980-3986. [PMID: 18670550 DOI: 10.1364/ao.47.003980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Seawater has been irradiated using a train of 70 ns flashes from a 440 nm laser source. This wavelength is on resonance with the blue absorption peak of Chlorophyll pigment associated with the photosystem of in vitro phytoplankton. The resulting fluorescence at 685 nm is instantaneously recorded during each laser pulse using a streak camera. Delayed fluorescence is observed, yielding clues about initiation of the photosynthetic process on a nanosecond time scale. Further data processing allows for determination of the functional absorption cross section, found to be 0.0095 A(2), which is the first reporting of this number for in vitro phytoplankton. Unlike other flash-pump studies of Chlorophyll, using a LED or flashlamp-based sources, the short laser pulse used here does not reveal any pulse-to-pulse hysteresis (i.e., variable fluorescence), indicating that the laser pulses used here are not able to drive the photosynthetic process to completion. This is attributed to competition from a back reaction between the photoexcited photosystem II and the intermediate electron acceptor. The significance of this work as a new type of deployable ocean fluorimeter is discussed, and it is believed the apparatus will have applications in thin-layer phytoplankton research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Bensky
- Department of Physics, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, USA.
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Soukupová J, Cséfalvay L, Urban O, Košvancová M, Marek M, Rascher U, Nedbal L. Annual variation of the steady-state chlorophyll fluorescence emission of evergreen plants in temperate zone. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2008; 35:63-76. [PMID: 32688757 DOI: 10.1071/fp07158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Remotely sensed passive chlorophyll fluorescence emission has a potential to become one of the major global-scale reporter signals on vegetation performance and stress. In contrast to the actively probed parameters such as maximal (FM') or minimal (F0') emission, the steady-state chlorophyll fluorescence, Chl-FS, (FM' > Chl-FS > F0') has not been adequately studied. Using fluorescence imaging of leaves, we explored the modulation of Chl-FS by actinic irradiance and by temperature in laboratory, as well as the changes that occurred in three coniferous and broadleaf plant species grown in field. The experiments revealed that Chl-FS is largely insensitive to the incident irradiance once this is above early morning or late evening levels. The characteristic, pre-noon measured Chl-FS correlated positively with the CO2 assimilation rate when measured in field during the year. It was low and stable in the cold winter months and steeply increased with the spring onset. The high values of the characteristic Chl-FS persisted throughout the vegetation season and rapidly decreased in the fall. The seasonal Chl-FS transitions coincided with the last spring frosts or the first fall frosts that persisted for several consecutive nights. The transitions were marked by an elevated variability of the Chl-FS signal. We propose that the signal variability occurring during the transition periods can be used to detect from satellites the beginning and the end of the photosynthetic activity in evergreen canopies of the temperate zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Soukupová
- Laboratory of Physiology and Ecology, Department of Biological Dynamics, Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology of the Academy of Sciences CR, Zámek 136, CZ-37333 Nové Hrady, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Cséfalvay
- Laboratory of Physiology and Ecology, Department of Biological Dynamics, Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology of the Academy of Sciences CR, Zámek 136, CZ-37333 Nové Hrady, Czech Republic
| | - Otmar Urban
- Laboratory of Plants Ecological Physiology, Division of Ecosystem Processes, Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology, Poříčí 3b, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Košvancová
- Laboratory of Plants Ecological Physiology, Division of Ecosystem Processes, Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology, Poříčí 3b, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Marek
- Laboratory of Plants Ecological Physiology, Division of Ecosystem Processes, Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology, Poříčí 3b, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Uwe Rascher
- Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere, ICG-3: Phytosphere, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ladislav Nedbal
- Laboratory of Physiology and Ecology, Department of Biological Dynamics, Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology of the Academy of Sciences CR, Zámek 136, CZ-37333 Nové Hrady, Czech Republic
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31
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Zhang L, Xing D. Rapid determination of the damage to photosynthesis caused by salt and osmotic stresses using delayed fluorescence of chloroplasts. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:352-60. [DOI: 10.1039/b714209a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Christov I, Stefanov D, Velinov T, Goltsev V, Georgieva K, Abracheva P, Genova Y, Christov N. The symptomless leaf infection with grapevine leafroll associated virus 3 in grown in vitro plants as a simple model system for investigation of viral effects on photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 164:1124-33. [PMID: 16716452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2005.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2005] [Accepted: 11/23/2005] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthetic changes evaluated by oxygen evolution, chlorophyll fluorescence, photoacoustics, and delayed fluorescence (DF) were studied in leaves of grown in vitro for 8 weeks grapevine plants (Vitis vinifera) infected by grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3). The infected leaves were characterized during the viral infection without visible disease symptoms. The symptomless infection led to a decrease in plant biomass. The non-photochemical fluorescence quenching, qN, declined, whereas the photochemical quenching, qP, and the Chl a/b ratio were not significantly affected. Photoacoustic and oxygen evolution measurements showed that the energy storage and oxygen evolution rate decreased in the infected leaves. Enhanced alternative electron sinks during the symptomless viral infection were also estimated. The changes in fluorescence and DF temperature curves demonstrated an enhanced stability of the thylakoid membranes in the infected leaves. This effect was clearly expressed at high actinic light intensities. The viral infected in vitro grown grapevine plants were used in the present study as a simplified model system that allow to avoid the involvement of different environmental factors that could interfere with the GLRaV infection and the virus-grapevine interactions. Thus, the 'pure' impact of the viral infection on photosynthesis could be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Christov
- Institute of Viticulture and Enology, 5800, Pleven, Bulgaria
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33
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Li Q, Xing D, Jia L, Wang J. Mechanism study on the origin of delayed fluorescence by an analytic modeling of the electronic reflux for photosynthetic electron transport chain. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2007; 87:183-90. [PMID: 17537642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2007.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 04/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A mathematical-physical analysis model, which describes individually the electronic reflux of several significant components in the photosynthesis electron transport chain, was firstly developed. The process of electrons flowing back to the oxidized reaction center P(680)(+) was simulated by a series of photochemical reaction equations, resulting in getting the linked differential equations of delayed fluorescence (DF) intensity. MATLAB provided a computationally efficient method to solve these linked equations. Simulations based on this model showed that the decay kinetics of DF accord with double exponential. DF components decaying in the millisecond range (fast phase) are related to the charge recombination of P(680)(+) and Q(A)(-). The components decaying in the seconds range are associated with the recombination of P(680)(+) with Q(B)(2-). The developed model was tested in maize leaves treated with different electron blockers to induce changes in photosynthesis electron transport chain. The experimental results demonstrated that the developed model can accurately determine the regulatory effects of electron blockers on photosynthesis electron transport chain. Therefore, the model presented here could be potentially useful for studying the electron transfer in plant. It also provides an experimental workbench for testing hypotheses as to the underlying mechanism controlling the change for different phases of DF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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34
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Wang J, Xing D, Zhang L, Jia L. A new principle photosynthesis capacity biosensor based on quantitative measurement of delayed fluorescence in vivo. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 22:2861-8. [PMID: 17229566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2006] [Revised: 11/24/2006] [Accepted: 12/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Delayed fluorescence (DF) is an excellent marker for evaluating plant photosynthesis. Compared with common methods for measuring the photosynthesis rate based on consumption of CO(2), DF technique can quantify the plant photosynthesis capacity more accurately and faster under its physiological status with less interference from the environment. We previously reported a method for measuring photosynthesis using DF of chloroplast [Wang, C.L., Xing, D., Chen, Q., 2004. Biosens. Bioelectron. 20, 454-459]. In the study, a novel fast and portable photosynthesis capacity biosensor system was developed, which was composed of light-emitting diode lattice as excitation light source, Channel Photomultiplier DC-Module to achieve DF, single-chip microcomputer as control center, hermetic dark sample chamber, battery power supply and CO(2), humidity and temperature controller. Compared with our previous work, the system was portable and can directly measure plant photosynthesis capacity in vivo in less than 10s. A database in the software to carry out data acquisition and processing was developed to translate maximal DF intensity to net photosynthesis rate (Pn). In addition, local-control and remote-control mode can be chosen in the system. To demonstrate the utility of the system, it was applied to evaluate maximum Pn of four different plant species samples (Queen Rape Myrtle (var. rubra), soybean (Lu Hei No. 1), maize (Jin Dan No. 39) and rice (Jing Dao No. 21)) in field. The results were compared with that using commercial photosynthesis system LI-6400 and the uncertainty was less than +/-5%. The new principle of photosynthesis measurement is a challenge and breakthrough to conventional method of gas exchange and may be a potential technique of next generation photosynthesis measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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35
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Zeng L, Xing D, Zhang L, Li Q, Wang C. Spectroscopic studies on origination of the peak at 730 nm in delayed fluorescence of chloroplasts. LUMINESCENCE 2007; 22:387-92. [PMID: 17492629 DOI: 10.1002/bio.978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The origination of the peak at 730 nm in the delayed fluorescence (DF) spectrum of chloroplasts was studied using various optical analysis methods. The DF spectrum showed that the main emission peak was at about 685 nm, with a small shoulder at 730 nm when the chloroplast concentration was < 7.8 microg/mL. The intensity of the peak at 685 nm decreased, while the intensity of the peak at 730 nm increased, when the chloroplast concentrations were increased from 7.8 to 31.2 microg/mL. With the concentration increasing, the peak at 730 nm became dominant while the peak at 685 nm finally disappeared. The DF decay kinetic curves showed that the intensity of the peak at 730 nm decayed as the same speed as the intensity of the peak at 685 nm during the entire relaxation process (0.5-30.5 s). With the excitation wavelength at 685 nm, the emission intensity was stronger in the excitation spectrum at 730 nm. The absorption spectrum demonstrated that the ratio A(685):A(730) remained almost constant when the chloroplast concentration increased. The results suggest that the peak at 730 nm appearing in DF is mainly contributed by the fluorescence of photosystem I (PSI), generated by the re-absorption of 685 nm band DF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhang Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
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36
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Mimuro M, Akimoto S, Tomo T, Yokono M, Miyashita H, Tsuchiya T. Delayed fluorescence observed in the nanosecond time region at 77 K originates directly from the photosystem II reaction center. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2007; 1767:327-34. [PMID: 17382895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2007.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2006] [Revised: 02/14/2007] [Accepted: 02/15/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The excited-state dynamics of delayed fluorescence in photosystem (PS) II at 77 K were studied by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and decay analysis on three samples with different antenna sizes: PS II particles and the PS II reaction center from spinach, and the PS II core complexes from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Delayed fluorescence in the nanosecond time region originated from the 683-nm component in all three samples, even though a slight variation in lifetimes was detected from 15 to 25 ns. The relative amplitude of the delayed fluorescence was higher when the antenna size was smaller. Energy transfer from the 683-nm pigment responsible for delayed fluorescence to antenna pigment(s) at a lower energy level was not observed in any of the samples examined. This indicated that the excited state generated by charge recombination was not shared with antenna pigments under the low-temperature condition, and that delayed fluorescence originates directly from the PS II reaction center, either from chlorophyll a(D1) or P680. Supplemental data on delayed fluorescence from spinach PS I complexes are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Mimuro
- Department of Technology and Ecology, Hall of Global Environmental Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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37
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A Non-invasive and Real-time Monitoring of the Regulation of Photosynthetic Metabolism Biosensor Based on Measurement of Delayed Fluorescence in Vivo. SENSORS 2007. [DOI: 10.3390/s7010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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38
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Dynamics of generating transients of delayed fluorescence induction signal and photosynthetic antennas: A possible relationship: Mathematical modeling approach. ZBORNIK MATICE SRPSKE ZA PRIRODNE NAUKE 2007. [DOI: 10.2298/zmspn0712005r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A mathematical model was developed for resolved temporal transients of experimentally recorded delayed fluorescence (DF) induction signal. During an intermittent light regime, antennas of the photosynthetic apparatus were treated as targets, repeatedly hit by potentially absorbable photons within a series of consecutive light flashes. Formulas were derived for the number of antennas, cumulatively hit by a specific number of photons, as function of the flash serial number (time). Model parameters included: number of absorbable photons in one flash, antenna sizes and numbers. A series of induction curves were analyzed, obtained from a ZeamaysL. leaf segment and differing in the previous dark period (td). Each curve, consisting of the two most prominent DF transients (C and D), was fitted with several model types, differing in the number of absorbed photons. For both transients, the best fitting result was achieved when DF induction was linked to the second absorbed photon. As expected, model parameters related to antenna sizes showed weaker dependence on td than those referring to antenna numbers. With restrictions applied in this model, the two DF induction transients may be related to two classes of photosynthetic antennas. Their different sizes may have a predominant influence on the efficiency of photon absorption, and possibly time-dependent appearance of DF transients.
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39
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Zeinalov Y. A brief history of the investigations on photosynthesis in Bulgaria. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2006; 88:195-204. [PMID: 16761181 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-006-9056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2005] [Accepted: 03/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Investigations on photosynthesis in Bulgaria started in 1941 with the doctoral thesis of Kyrill Popov (University of Münster, Germany). In 1965, at the Institute of Plant Physiology, in Sofia, Kyrill Popov guided the establishment of a special group of researchers on the biochemistry, biophysics and physiology of photosynthesis. In this paper, a brief description of research in photosynthesis in Bulgaria is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzeir Zeinalov
- Institute of Biophysics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria.
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40
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Lazár D. The polyphasic chlorophyll a fluorescence rise measured under high intensity of exciting light. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2006; 33:9-30. [PMID: 32689211 DOI: 10.1071/fp05095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2005] [Accepted: 08/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll a fluorescence rise caused by illumination of photosynthetic samples by high intensity of exciting light, the O-J-I-P (O-I1-I2-P) transient, is reviewed here. First, basic information about chlorophyll a fluorescence is given, followed by a description of instrumental set-ups, nomenclature of the transient, and samples used for the measurements. The review mainly focuses on the explanation of particular steps of the transient based on experimental and theoretical results, published since a last review on chlorophyll a fluorescence induction [Lazár D (1999) Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1412, 1-28]. In addition to 'old' concepts (e.g. changes in redox states of electron acceptors of photosystem II (PSII), effect of the donor side of PSII, fluorescence quenching by oxidised plastoquinone pool), 'new' approaches (e.g. electric voltage across thylakoid membranes, electron transport through the inactive branch in PSII, recombinations between PSII electron acceptors and donors, electron transport reactions after PSII, light gradient within the sample) are reviewed. The K-step, usually detected after a high-temperature stress, and other steps appearing in the transient (the H and G steps) are also discussed. Finally, some applications of the transient are also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Lazár
- Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Physics, Laboratory of Biophysics, tř. Svobody 26, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic. Email
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