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Islam MR, Dhar PS, Akash S, Syed SH, Gupta JK, Gandla K, Akter M, Rauf A, Hemeg HA, Anwar Y, Aljohny BO, Wilairatana P. Bioactive molecules from terrestrial and seafood resources in hypertension treatment: focus on molecular mechanisms and targeted therapies. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2023; 13:45. [PMID: 37902881 PMCID: PMC10616036 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN), a complex cardiovascular disease (CVD), significantly impacts global health, prompting a growing interest in complementary and alternative therapeutic approaches. This review article seeks to provide an up-to-date and thorough summary of modern therapeutic techniques for treating HTN, with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of action found in substances found in plants, herbs, and seafood. Bioactive molecules have been a significant source of novel therapeutics and are crucial in developing and testing new HTN remedies. Recent advances in science have made it possible to understand the complex molecular mechanisms underlying blood pressure (BP)-regulating effects of these natural substances better. Polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and peptides are examples of bioactive compounds that have demonstrated promise in influencing several pathways involved in regulating vascular tone, reducing oxidative stress (OS), reducing inflammation, and improving endothelial function. The article explains the vasodilatory, diuretic, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) modifying properties of vital plants such as garlic and olive leaf. Phytochemicals from plants are the primary in traditional drug development as models for novel antihypertensive drugs, providing diverse strategies to combat HTN due to their biological actions. The review also discusses the functions of calcium channel blockers originating from natural sources, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and nitric oxide (NO) donors. Including seafood components in this study demonstrates the increased interest in using bioactive chemicals originating from marine sources to treat HTN. Omega-3 fatty acids, peptides, and minerals obtained from seafood sources have anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and antioxidant properties that improve vascular health and control BP. Overall, we discussed the multiple functions of bioactive molecules and seafood components in the treatment of HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Puja Sutro Dhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Sabeena Hussain Syed
- School of Pharmacy, Vishwakarma University, Survey No 2, 3,4, Kondhwa Main Rd, Laxmi Nagar, Betal Nagar, Kondhwa, Pune, Maharashtra, 411048, India
| | | | - Kumaraswamy Gandla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Chaitanya (Deemed to Be University), Himayath Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500075, India
| | - Muniya Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23561, Pakistan.
| | - Hassan A Hemeg
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Medinah Al-Monawara, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassam Oudh Aljohny
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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Orellana-Paucar AM. Steviol Glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana: An Updated Overview of Their Sweetening Activity, Pharmacological Properties, and Safety Aspects. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031258. [PMID: 36770924 PMCID: PMC9920402 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This literature-based review synthesizes the available scientific information about steviol glycosides as natural sweeteners and molecules with therapeutic potential. In addition, it discusses the safety concerns regarding human consumption. Steviol glycosides exhibit a superior sweetener proficiency to that of sucrose and are noncaloric, noncariogenic, and nonfermentative. Scientific evidence encourages stevioside and rebaudioside A as sweetener alternatives to sucrose and supports their use based on their absences of harmful effects on human health. Moreover, these active compounds isolated from Stevia rebaudiana possess interesting medicinal activities, including antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antidiarrheal activity. The described bioactivities of steviol glycosides deserve special attention based on their dose dependence and specific pathological situations. Further clinical research is needed to understand underlying mechanisms of action, therapeutic indexes, and pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Monserrath Orellana-Paucar
- Nutrition and Dietetics School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Cuenca, Cuenca 010204, Ecuador;
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Interdisciplinary Research Group, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Cuenca, Cuenca 010204, Ecuador
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3
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Olas B. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and its secondary metabolites; their effects on cardiovascular risk factors. Nutrition 2022; 99-100:111655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Peteliuk V, Rybchuk L, Bayliak M, Storey KB, Lushchak O. Natural sweetener Stevia rebaudiana: Functionalities, health benefits and potential risks. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:1412-1430. [PMID: 34803554 PMCID: PMC8600158 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-4211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana is a South American plant, the cultivation of which is increasing worldwide due to its high content of sweet compounds. Stevia sweetness is mainly due to steviol glycosides, that are ~250-300 times sweeter than sucrose. Many studies have suggested the benefits of Stevia extract over sugar and artificial sweeteners, but it is still not a very popular sugar substitute. This review summarizes current data on the biological activities of S. rebaudiana extract and its individual glycosides, including anti-hypertensive, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects and improvement of kidney function. Possible side effects and toxicity of Stevia extract are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Peteliuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Lesia Rybchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Maria Bayliak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Oleh Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
- Research and Development University, Shota Rustaveli Str., 76000, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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Mei Y, Kuai Y, Hu H, Liu F, Liu B, Sun X, Tan W. Isosteviol Sodium Attenuates High Fat/High Cholesterol-Induced Kidney Dysfunction by Inhibiting Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 43:1172-1178. [PMID: 32741937 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The sodium salt of isosteviol (STVNa) is a beyerane diterpene synthesized through acid hydrolysis of stevioside. STVNa improves multiple types of tissue injuries. However, it is not known how isosteviol sodium affects high-fat and high cholesterol diet (HFD)-induced kidney. Therefore, in this study we examined the potential molecular mechanism underlying STVNa mediated protective effect against high fat/high cholesterol-induced kidney dysfunction in HFD-induced kidney injury. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were allocated into six groups: the normal group, HFD group and HFD treated with three doses of STVNa, fenofibrate treatment group. The results indicated that HFD induced kidney injury evident by a 60% increase in serum creatinine (CRE) leves. In addition, there was a significant accumulation of triglycerides (approx. 60%), fatty acids (approx. 50%) and total cholesterol (approx. 2.5 fold) in the kidneys. STVNa inhibited HFD-induced kidney injury evident by reducing the increased levels of serum CRE. Specifically, STVNa attenuated HFD-induced kidney injury by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. These findings indicate that STVNa has a therapeutic potential for HFD-induced kidney dysfunction. The mechanisms of this pharmacological effect are through the inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Mei
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology
| | - Yihe Kuai
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology
| | - Hui Hu
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology
| | - Bo Liu
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology
| | - Xiaoou Sun
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology
| | - Wen Tan
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology
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Rizwan F, Yesmine S, Chowdhury IA, Banu SG, Chatterjee TK. Dataset concerning effects of stevia ( Stevia rebaudiana bertoni), amlodipine, losartan, and valsartan on water consumption, blood glucose and heart tissue in gentamycin-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat model. Data Brief 2020; 31:105965. [PMID: 32671162 PMCID: PMC7347974 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This dataset indicates the effect of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni); angiotensin-II type-1 receptor (AT1) blockers, losartan and valsartan; and a calcium (Ca2+) channel blocker, amlodipine; on water consumption, fasting blood glucose, and cardiac histology in gentamycin-induced nephrotoxic rat model. Six groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected as sham control group, gentamycin-induced nephrotoxic disease control group; gentamycin-induced disease control groups treated with stevia (200 mg/kg/day); amlodipine (4 mg/kg/day); losartan (15 mg/kg/day) and valsartan (5 mg/kg/day) respectively. Fasting blood glucose level and water consumption were recorded daily for the first week and then weekly for the rest of treatment period. Serum creatinine, blood urea, total protein and lipid profile were determined. Histological examination of the heart tissue was assessed to find out any alteration of cardiac muscle tissue following gentamycin-induced nephrotoxicity. This article provides additional data collected from the same animals previously reported [1] .
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Rizwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India.,Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Aftabnagar, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh
| | - Saquiba Yesmine
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sultana Gulshana Banu
- Department of Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tapan Kumar Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, JIS University, Agarpara, Kolkata-700109, West Bengal, India
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Arumugam B, Subramaniam A, Alagaraj P. Stevia as a Natural Sweetener: A Review. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2020; 18:94-103. [PMID: 32031079 DOI: 10.2174/1871525718666200207105436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana of the Asteraceae family is a perennial shrub. It is a sweetener herb also known as sweet weed, sweet leaf, sweet herbs and honey leaf, native to Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. The leaves of stevia are sweeter than sucrose with zero calories. Steviol, a diterpenoid glycoside derivative identified from this plant, is sweeter than sucrose and is safe when used as a sweetening agent. Diabetic and obese people with hyperglycemia who are in a condition to follow a strict diet can use stevioside as an alternative sweetener. In addition to its hypoglycemic property, the plant also exhibits antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive, antiseptic, diuretic, anti-fertility and cardiotonic properties. It has also been documented to show good effects on treating skin diseases such as dermatitis, acne, eczema etc. The leaves of stevia with enriched phytoconstituents could be an alternative natural sweetener for children, adults and old age persons who have a craze to drink beverages and eat sweetened food products in their habitual life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishnan Arumugam
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Ramgasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal-637215, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Arunambiga Subramaniam
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Ramgasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal-637215, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Praveena Alagaraj
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Ramgasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal-637215, Tamilnadu, India
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Antihypertensive, antihyperglycemic, and antioxidant effects of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (creole variety INIFAP C01) extracts on Wistar rats with induced metabolic syndrome. NUTR HOSP 2020; 37:730-741. [DOI: 10.20960/nh.02858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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9
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The functional and health-promoting properties of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and its glycosides with special focus on the antidiabetic potential – A review. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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10
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Anker CCB, Rafiq S, Jeppesen PB. Effect of Steviol Glycosides on Human Health with Emphasis on Type 2 Diabetic Biomarkers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11091965. [PMID: 31438580 PMCID: PMC6770957 DOI: 10.3390/nu11091965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural sweetener from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, steviol glycoside (SG), has been proposed to exhibit a range of antidiabetic properties. The objective of this systematic review was to critically evaluate evidence for the effectiveness of SGs on human health, particularly type 2 diabetic (T2D) biomarkers, collecting data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Electronic searches were performed in PubMed and EMBASE and the bibliography of retrieved full-texts was hand searched. Using the Cochrane criteria, the reporting quality of included studies was assessed. Seven studies, nine RCTs, including a total of 462 participants were included. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the effect of SGs on following outcomes: BMI, blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipids, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The meta-analysis revealed an overall significant reduction in systolic BP in favour of SGs between SG and placebo, mean difference (MD): -6.32 mm Hg (-7.69 to 0.46). The overall effect of BMI, diastolic BP, FBG, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was a non-significant reduction in favour of SGs, and a non-significant increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride, while no significant effect of HbA1c was found. Heterogeneity was significant for several analyses. More studies investigating the effect of SGs on human health, particularly T2D biomarkers, are warranted.
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Rizwan F, Yesmine S, Banu SG, Chowdhury IA, Hasan R, Chatterjee TK. Renoprotective effects of stevia ( Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni), amlodipine, valsartan, and losartan in gentamycin-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat model: Biochemical, hematological and histological approaches. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:683-691. [PMID: 31372346 PMCID: PMC6656923 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the renoprotective effects of stevia, angiotensin-II type 1 receptor (AT1) blocker and calcium (Ca2+) channel blocker in gentamycin-induced nephrotoxicity in rat models. Six groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats of eight weeks old were taken for the experiment: sham control, nephrotoxicity, treatment with amlodipine (4 mg/kg/day); stevia (200 mg/kg/day); losartan (15 mg/kg/day) and valsartan (5 mg/kg/day), accordingly. The blood sample was taken for the assessment of renal and hepatic-functional variables like serum creatinine, blood urea, BUN and SGPT, SGOT, and total serum bilirubin. Hematological parameters were also examined. Histological examination has been done on kidneys and liver. Alterations of the body weight and the organ's weight were documented. Treatment with stevia and valsartan significantly decreased serum creatinine levels. A reduction of liver enzymes, and total serum bilirubin levels were observed in all the treatment groups. Treatment with valsartan and amlodipine, remarkably and stevia, mildly reduced the renal tissue damage, inflammation, and tubular necrosis. However, the present study demonstrated that losartan treatment aggravated kidney damage by increasing protein cast, calcification, tubular necrosis, and injury. This comparison indicated that both stevia and valsartan have beneficial renoprotective effect and valsartan offers a better treatment option in renal damage over losartan.
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Key Words
- ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme
- ARB
- ARB, angiotensin-II type 1 receptor (AT1) blockers
- AT1, angiotensin-II type 1 receptor
- AT2, angiotensin-II type 2 receptor
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- CCB
- CCB, calcium (Ca2+) channel blocker
- CKD, chronic kidney disease
- EDTA, ethylene diamine tetra acetate
- Gentamycin-induced
- HCT, hematocrit
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- Hb, hemoglobin
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin
- MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
- MCV, mean corpuscular volume
- Nephrotoxicity
- RBC, red blood cells
- RBS, random blood sugar
- RDW-CV, red blood cell distribution width-CV
- RDW-SD, red blood cell distribution width-SD
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Renoprotective effects
- SGOT, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase
- SGPT, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase
- Stevia
- TG, triglycerides
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Rizwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Aftabnagar, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Saquiba Yesmine
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sultana Gulshan Banu
- Department of Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Rajibul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Mirpur, 1216, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tapan Kumar Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, JIS University, Agarpara, Kolkata, 700109, West Bengal, India
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Isosteviol sodium injection improves outcomes by modulating TLRs/NF-κB-dependent inflammatory responses following experimental traumatic brain injury in rats. Neuroreport 2019; 29:794-803. [PMID: 29683870 PMCID: PMC5999382 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Previous studies have shown that isosteviol sodium (STVNa) protects against permanent cerebral ischemia injury by inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)-mediated inflammatory responses. Overwhelming evidence shows that toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the upstream regulators of NF-κB. On the basis of the similarity of the pathology caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke, we speculated that STVNa may have a therapeutic effect against TBI through regulation of the TLRs/NF-κB signaling-mediated inflammatory response. Thus, we studied the potential therapeutic effects of STVNa and the underlying mechanisms. Male rats, subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury, were injected intraperitoneally with STVNa (5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg, daily for 3 or 7 days) after trauma. Neurobehavioral scores, relative numbers of cortical lesions, and histology were examined. We also measured the mRNA and protein expression levels of TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway-related genes including TLR2, TLR4, and NF-κB by quantitative real-time-PCR and western blotting, respectively, and concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results indicated that STVNa (20 mg/kg) showed significant neuroprotective effects 3 and 7 days after TBI, including the reduction of cortical lesions, improvement of the neurological severity score, significantly increased number of restored neurons, decreased number of astrocytes, and lower concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. Results from quantitative real-time-PCR and western blotting also show that the mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR2, TLR4, and NF-κB were significantly lower in STVNa-treated rats compared with the vehicle-treated rats. The administration of STVNa attenuates the TLR/NF-κB signaling pathway-mediated inflammatory responses in the injured rat brain, and this may be the mechanism by which STVNa improves the outcome following TBI.
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Zhang H, Sun X, Xie Y, Tian F, Hu H, Tan W. Isosteviol Sodium Inhibits Astrogliosis after Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:575-584. [PMID: 29607930 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports have indicated that isosteviol sodium (STVNa) has neuroprotective effects against acute focal cerebral ischemia in rats; however, the exact underlying mechanisms and ideal treatment paradigm are not known. To find a reasonable method for STVNa administration and to determine its possible therapeutic mechanisms, we characterized the protective effects of single-dose and multiple-dose STVNa in cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Single and multiple treatments with 10 mg/kg STVNa were administered intraperitoneally after injury to investigate its neuroprotective effects. Neurobehavioral deficits and infarct volume were assessed 7 d after ischemia. Both STVNa treatments reduced infarct volumes, improved neurological behaviors, preserved cellular morphology, enhanced neuronal survival, and suppressed cell apoptosis. Multiple treatments performed better than single treatment. Reactive astrogliosis was apparent at 7 d after injury and was significantly inhibited by multiple STVNa treatments but not single treatment. These results indicate that STVNa exerts neuroprotection by different mechanisms in the acute and delayed phases of I/R. Specifically, STVNa neuroprotection in the delayed phase of injury was found to be accompanied with the inhibition of astrogliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- School of Bioscience & Bioengineering, South China University of Technology
| | - Xiaoou Sun
- Institute of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology
| | - Yanxiang Xie
- School of Bioscience & Bioengineering, South China University of Technology
| | - Fang Tian
- School of Bioscience & Bioengineering, South China University of Technology
| | - Hui Hu
- Institute of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology
| | - Wen Tan
- Institute of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology
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Wang Y, Li L, Wang Y, Zhu X, Jiang M, Song E, Song Y. New application of the commercial sweetener rebaudioside a as a hepatoprotective candidate: Induction of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 822:128-137. [PMID: 29355553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A large population of drug candidates have failed "from bench to bed" due to unwanted toxicities. We intend to develop an alternative approach for drug discovery, that is, to seek candidates from "safe" compounds. Rebaudioside A (Reb-A) is an approved commercial sweetener from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. We found that Reb-A protects against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative injury in human liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Reb-A showed antioxidant activity on reducing cellular reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels while increasing glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Reb-A treatment induced nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) activation and antioxidant response element activity, as well as the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Further mechanistic studies indicated that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), mitogen-active protein kinase (MAPK) and protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) signaling was upregulated. Thus, the present in vitro study conclusively demonstrated that Reb-A is an activator of Nrf2 and is a potential candidate hepatoprotective agent. More importantly, the present study illustrated that seeking drug candidates from "safe" compounds is a promising strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingdong Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400700, People's Republic of China.
| | - Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
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Wang M, Li H, Xu F, Gao X, Li J, Xu S, Zhang D, Wu X, Xu J, Hua H, Li D. Diterpenoid lead stevioside and its hydrolysis products steviol and isosteviol: Biological activity and structural modification. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 156:885-906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Liu Q, Hu H, Hu T, Han T, Wang A, Huang L, Tan Q, Tan W. STVNa attenuates right ventricle hypertrophy and pulmonary artery remodeling in rats induced by transverse aortic constriction. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:371-378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Ruiz-Ruiz JC, Moguel-Ordoñez YB, Segura-Campos MR. Biological activity of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and their relationship to health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:2680-2690. [PMID: 26479769 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1072083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni has nutrients and phytochemicals, which make it an adequate source for the extraction and production of functional food ingredients. Preclinical and clinical studies suggest therapeutic and pharmacological applications for stevia and their extracts because they are not toxic and exhibit several biological activities. This review presents the biological activity of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and their relationship to antidiabetic, anticariogenic, antioxidant, hypotensive, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. Consumption and adverse effects were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Carlos Ruiz-Ruiz
- a Departamento de Ingeniería Química-Bioquímica , Instituto Tecnológico de Mérida , Mérida, Yucatán , México
| | - Yolanda Beatriz Moguel-Ordoñez
- b Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Mococh , Carretera Mérida-Motul, Yucatán , México
| | - Maira Rubi Segura-Campos
- c Facultad de Ingeniería Química , Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida, Yucatán , México
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Ragone MI, Bonazzola P, Colareda GA, Lazarte ML, Bruno F, Consolini AE. Cardioprotection of stevioside on stunned rat hearts: A mechano-energetical study. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 35:18-26. [PMID: 28991641 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sweetener and hypoglycemic properties of stevioside (STV) are well known, as the main component of the plant Stevia rebaudiana. Given its extensive use in diabetic patients, it was of interest to evaluate its effects on the most frequent cardiovascular disease, the coronary insufficiency. PURPOSE To study whether STV could be cardioprotective against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in a model of "stunning" in rat hearts. STUDY DESIGN A preclinical study was performed in isolated hearts from rats in the following groups: non-treated rats whose hearts were perfused with STV 0.3 mg/ml and their controls (C) exposed to either moderate stunning (20 min I/45 min R) or severe stunning (30 min I/45 min R), and a group of rats orally treated with STV 25 mg/kg/day in the drink water during 1 week before the experiment of severe stunning in the isolated hearts were done. METHODS The mechano-calorimetrical performance of isolated beating hearts was recorded during stabilization period with control Krebs perfusion inside a calorimeter, with or without 0.3 mg/ml STV before the respective period of I/R. The left ventricular maximal developed pressure (P) and total heat rate (Ht) were continuously measured. RESULTS Both, orally administered and perfused STV improved the post-ischemic contractile recovery (PICR, as % of initial control P) and the total muscle economy (P/Ht) after the severe stunning, but only improved P/Ht in moderate stunning. However, STV increased the diastolic pressure (LVEDP) during I/R in both stunning models. For studying the mechanism of action, ischemic hearts were reperfused with 10 mM caffeine-36 mM Na+-Krebs to induce a contracture dependent on sarcorreticular Ca2+ content, whose relaxation mainly depends on mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. STV at 0.3 mg/ml increased the area-under-curve of the caffeine-dependent contracture (AUC-LVP). Moreover, at room temperature STV increased the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake measured by Rhod-2 fluorescence in rat cardiomyocytes, but prevented the [Ca2+]m overload assessed by caffeine-dependent SR release. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that STV is cardioprotective against I/R under oral administration or direct perfusion in hearts. The mechanism includes the regulation of the myocardial calcium homeostasis and the energetic during I/R in several sites, mainly reducing mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and increasing the sarcorreticular Ca2+ store.
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Affiliation(s)
- María I Ragone
- Cátedra de Farmacología, Grupo de Farmacología Experimental y Energética Cardíaca, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Patricia Bonazzola
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Germán A Colareda
- Cátedra de Farmacología, Grupo de Farmacología Experimental y Energética Cardíaca, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Lara Lazarte
- Cátedra de Farmacología, Grupo de Farmacología Experimental y Energética Cardíaca, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | - Fiorella Bruno
- Cátedra de Farmacología, Grupo de Farmacología Experimental y Energética Cardíaca, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | - Alicia E Consolini
- Cátedra de Farmacología, Grupo de Farmacología Experimental y Energética Cardíaca, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.
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Zhang H, Sun X, Xie Y, Zan J, Tan W. Isosteviol Sodium Protects Against Permanent Cerebral Ischemia Injury in Mice via Inhibition of NF-κB–Mediated Inflammatory and Apoptotic Responses. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017; 26:2603-2614. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Carrera-Lanestosa A, Moguel-Ordóñez Y, Segura-Campos M. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni: A Natural Alternative for Treating Diseases Associated with Metabolic Syndrome. J Med Food 2017; 20:933-943. [PMID: 28792778 PMCID: PMC5651958 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana (SR) is often used by the food industry due to its steviol glycoside content, which is a suitable calorie-free sweetener. Further, both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that these glycosides and the extracts from SR have pharmacological and therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and anticancer. This work reviews the antiobesity, antihyperglycemic, antihypertensive, and antihyperlipidemic effects of the majority of glycosides and aqueous/alcoholic extracts from the leaves, flowers, and roots of the SR. These compounds can serve as a natural and alternative treatment for diseases that are associated with metabolic syndrome, thus contributing to health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yolanda Moguel-Ordóñez
- National Institute for Forest, Agronomic, and Livestock Research, Mococha Experimental Field, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Maira Segura-Campos
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Merida, Mexico
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Hagh-Nazari L, Goodarzi N, Zangeneh MM, Zangeneh A, Tahvilian R, Moradi R. Stereological study of kidney in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice treated with ethanolic extract of Stevia rebaudiana (bitter fraction). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-016-2398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Bai RR, Wu XM, Xu JY. Current natural products with antihypertensive activity. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 13:721-9. [PMID: 26481372 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)30072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have been an important source of new drugs, which also played a dominant role in the discovery and research of new drugs for the treatment of hypertension. This review article reviews the recent progress in the research and development of natural lead compounds with antihypertensive activity, including alkaloids, diterpenes, coumarins, flavonoids, and peptides. We summarized their structures, sources, as well as the antihypertensive mechanisms. These information provides instructive reference for the following structural modifications and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Ren Bai
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta 30322, GA, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jin-Yi Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Isosteviol Sensitizes sarcKATP Channels towards Pinacidil and Potentiates Mitochondrial Uncoupling of Diazoxide in Guinea Pig Ventricular Myocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6362812. [PMID: 26949448 PMCID: PMC4754489 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6362812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
KATP channel is an important mediator or factor in physiological and pathological metabolic pathway. Activation of KATP channel has been identified to be a critical step in the cardioprotective mechanism against IR injury. On the other hand, desensitization of the channel to its opener or the metabolic ligand ATP in pathological conditions, like cardiac hypertrophy, would decrease the adaption of myocardium to metabolic stress and is a disadvantage for drug therapy. Isosteviol, obtained by acid hydrolysis of stevioside, has been demonstrated to play a cardioprotective role against diseases of cardiovascular system, like anti-IR injury, antihypertension, antihyperglycemia, and so forth. The present study investigated the effect of isosteviol (STV) on sarcKATP channel current induced by pinacidil and mitochondrial flavoprotein oxidation induced by diazoxide. Our results showed that preincubating cells with STV not only increased the current amplitude and activating rate of sarcKATP channels induced by pinacidil but also potentiated diazoxide-elicited oxidation of flavoprotein in mitochondria.
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Vannucchi CI, Rodrigues JA, Silva LCG, Lúcio CF, Veiga GAL, Furtado PV, Oliveira CA, Nichi M. Association between birth conditions and glucose and cortisol profiles of periparturient dairy cows and neonatal calves. Vet Rec 2015; 176:358. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.102862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. I. Vannucchi
- Department of Animal Reproduction; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo; Rua Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87 São Paulo 05508-270 Brazil
| | - J. A. Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Reproduction; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo; Rua Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87 São Paulo 05508-270 Brazil
| | - L. C. G. Silva
- Department of Animal Reproduction; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo; Rua Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87 São Paulo 05508-270 Brazil
| | - C. F. Lúcio
- Department of Animal Reproduction; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo; Rua Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87 São Paulo 05508-270 Brazil
| | - G. A. L. Veiga
- Department of Animal Reproduction; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo; Rua Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87 São Paulo 05508-270 Brazil
| | - P. V. Furtado
- Department of Animal Reproduction; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo; Rua Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87 São Paulo 05508-270 Brazil
| | - C. A. Oliveira
- Department of Animal Reproduction; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo; Rua Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87 São Paulo 05508-270 Brazil
| | - M. Nichi
- Department of Animal Reproduction; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo; Rua Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87 São Paulo 05508-270 Brazil
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Li SB, Li YF, Mao ZF, Hu HH, Ouyang SH, Wu YP, Tsoi B, Gong P, Kurihara H, He RR. Differing chemical compositions of three teas may explain their different effects on acute blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:1236-1242. [PMID: 25043720 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy tea consumption is suggested to be unsuitable for hypertensive people. However, the bioactive substances in different varieties of tea leaves are very different. This study compares the effects of three Chinese teas - C. sinensis, C. ptilophylla and C. assamica var. kucha - on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). RESULTS Intragastric administration of C. sinensis extract led to an acute increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate in SHRs. However, C. ptilophylla and C. assamica var. kucha exerted no obvious influences on SBP, DBP or heart rate. Similar to the extract of C. sinensis, intragastric administration of caffeine also led to an acute increase in BP and heart rate in SHRs. In contrast, theobromine and theacrine - purine alkaloids predominantly contained in C. ptilophylla and C. assamica var. kucha, respectively - had no pressor effects. The effect of caffeine on BP was related to the regulation of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels in SHRs. CONCLUSION The different effects of C. sinensis, C. ptilophylla and C. assamica var. kucha on BP might be explained, at least partially, by the differences in the varieties and contents of purine alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Bing Li
- Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Langle A, González-Coronel MA, Carmona-Gutiérrez G, Moreno-Rodríguez JA, Venegas B, Muñoz G, Treviño S, Díaz A. Stevia rebaudiana loaded titanium oxide nanomaterials as an antidiabetic agent in rats. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Onakpoya IJ, Heneghan CJ. Effect of the natural sweetener, steviol glycoside, on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2014; 22:1575-87. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487314560663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igho J Onakpoya
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Carl J Heneghan
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
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Pantan R, Onsa-ard A, Tocharus J, Wonganan O, Suksamrarn A, Tocharus C. Endothelium-independent vasorelaxation effects of 16-O-acetyldihydroisosteviol on isolated rat thoracic aorta. Life Sci 2014; 116:31-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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29
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Liu Y, Wang G, Huang X, Liu Y, Di D. Use of O-carboxymethyl chitosan in high-speed counter-current chromatography: a novel additive for a biphasic solvent system. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj01140b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel additive,O-carboxymethyl chitosan, for high-speed counter-current chromatography was found and evaluated for the separation and purification of active constituents from natural plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- No. 18 Tianshui Middle Road
- Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Gaohong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- No. 18 Tianshui Middle Road
- Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- No. 18 Tianshui Middle Road
- Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- No. 18 Tianshui Middle Road
- Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Duolong Di
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- No. 18 Tianshui Middle Road
- Lanzhou 730000, China
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Aranda-González I, Segura-Campos M, Moguel-Ordoñez Y, Betancur-Ancona D. Stevia rebaudianaBertoni. Un potencial adyuvante en el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2013.830150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Smith RW, Korenblum C, Thacker K, Bonifacio HJ, Gonska T, Katzman DK. Severely elevated transaminases in an adolescent male with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:751-4. [PMID: 23881604 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious disorder that is associated with numerous medical complications and affects both females and males. Severely elevated transaminases have been reported in adult and younger females. We report the first case of elevated transaminases in an adolescent male with AN. The pathophysiologic mechanism of severely elevated serum transaminases observed in malnourished adolescent males with AN is complex and appears to be multifactorial. We present the first case of an adolescent male with AN who developed severely elevated serum transaminases that normalized with improved nutrition and weight gain. Liver injury in patients with AN is a complex medical complication that appears to be multifactorial in origin. In this case, starvation-induced autophagy in the human liver was considered one of the most likely mechanisms to explain hepatocytic injury in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Smith
- Department of General Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Saravanan R, Ramachandran V. Modulating efficacy of Rebaudioside A, a diterpenoid on antioxidant and circulatory lipids in experimental diabetic rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 36:472-483. [PMID: 23792234 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study was to evaluate the protective effects of Rebaudioside A (Reb A) on antioxidant status and lipid profile in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by a single intraperitoneal administration of STZ (40mg/kg b.w). Diabetic rats showed significantly increased levels of plasma glucose, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydroperoxides and decreased levels of insulin. The activity of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) and the levels of non enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E and reduced glutathione) were decreased in diabetic rats. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), free fatty acids (FFAs), phospholipids (PLs), low density lipoproteins (LDL-cholesterol) and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL-cholesterol) in the plasma significantly increased, while plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDL-cholesterol) were significantly decreased in diabetic rats. Oral administration of Reb A (200mg/kg b.w) brought back plasma glucose, insulin, lipid peroxidation products, enzymatic, non-enzymatic antioxidants and lipid profile levels to near normal. The results of the present investigation suggests that Reb A, a natural sweetener exhibits antilipid peroxidative, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Saravanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Vinayagam Ramachandran
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Wonganan O, Tocharus C, Puedsing C, Homvisasevongsa S, Sukcharoen O, Suksamrarn A. Potent vasorelaxant analogs from chemical modification and biotransformation of isosteviol. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 62:771-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Saravanan R, Vengatash babu K, Ramachandran V. Effect of Rebaudioside A, a diterpenoid on glucose homeostasis in STZ-induced diabetic rats. J Physiol Biochem 2012; 68:421-31. [PMID: 22374587 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-012-0156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Rebaudioside A (Reb A), a major constituent of Stevia rebaudiana, was recently proposed as an insulinotropic agent. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect of Reb A on the activities of hepatic enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in adult male Albino Wistar rats, weighing 180-200 g, by a single intraperitoneal injection at a dose of STZ (40 mg/kg body weight). Diabetic rats showed significant (P<0.05) increase in the levels of plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and significant (P<0.05) decrease in the levels of plasma insulin and hemoglobin. Activities of gluconeogenic enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase were significantly (P<0.05) increased while hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly (P<0.05) decreased in the liver along with glycogen. Oral treatment with Reb A to diabetic rats significantly (P<0.05) decreased blood glucose and reversed these hepatic carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in a significant manner. Histopathology changes of pancreas confirmed the protective effects of Reb A in diabetic rats. Thus, the results show that Reb A possesses an antihyperglycemic activity and provide evidence for its traditional usage in the control of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Saravanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002 Tamil Nadu, India,
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Kataev E, Khaybullin RN, Sharipova RR, Strobykina IY. Ent-kaurane diterpenoids and glycosides: Isolation, properties, and chemical transformations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079978011010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Misra H, Soni M, Silawat N, Mehta D, Mehta BK, Jain DC. Antidiabetic activity of medium-polar extract from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bert. (Bertoni) on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2011; 3:242-8. [PMID: 21687353 PMCID: PMC3103919 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.80779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the medicative effects of medium-polar (benzene:acetone, 1:1, v/v) extract of leaves from Stevia rebaudiana (family Asteraceae) on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetes was induced in adult albino Wistar rats by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of alloxan (180 mg/kg). Medium-polar extract was administered orally at daily dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body wt. basis for 10 days. The control group received normal saline (0.9%) for the same duration. Glibenclamide was used as positive control reference drug against Stevia extract. RESULTS Medium-polar leaf extract of S. rebaudiana (200 and 400 mg/kg) produced a delayed but significant (P < 0.01) decrease in the blood glucose level, without producing condition of hypoglycemia after treatment, together with lesser loss in the body weight as compared with standard positive control drug glibenclamide. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of diabetes with sulfonylurea drugs (glibenclamide) causes hypoglycemia followed by greater reduction in body weight, which are the most worrisome effects of these drugs. Stevia extract was found to antagonize the necrotic action of alloxan and thus had a re-vitalizing effect on β-cells of pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Misra
- School of Studies in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vikram University, Ujjain – 456 010, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Green Technology, Ipca Laboratories Limited, Ratlam – 457 002, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Soni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Mandsaur Institute of Pharmacy, Mandsaur – 458 001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Narendra Silawat
- Department of Pharmacology, B. R. Nahata College of Pharmacy, Mandsaur – 458 001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Darshana Mehta
- School of Studies in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vikram University, Ujjain – 456 010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - B. K. Mehta
- School of Studies in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vikram University, Ujjain – 456 010, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - D. C. Jain
- Green Technology, Ipca Laboratories Limited, Ratlam – 457 002, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Synthesis and antimicrobial and antifungal activity of derivatives of the diterpenoid isosteviol and the glycoside steviolbioside containing onium nitrogen atoms. Pharm Chem J 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-011-0525-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Brahmachari G, Mandal LC, Roy R, Mondal S, Brahmachari AK. Stevioside and Related Compounds - Molecules of Pharmaceutical Promise: A Critical Overview. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2010; 344:5-19. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Tirapelli CR, Ambrosio SR, de Oliveira AM, Tostes RC. Hypotensive action of naturally occurring diterpenes: A therapeutic promise for the treatment of hypertension. Fitoterapia 2010; 81:690-702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 05/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Scientific Opinion on the safety of steviol glycosides for the proposed uses as a food additive. EFSA J 2010. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Goyal SK, Samsher, Goyal RK. Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) a bio-sweetener: a review. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009; 61:1-10. [DOI: 10.3109/09637480903193049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Stimulatory effect of stevioside on peripheral mu opioid receptors in animals. Neurosci Lett 2009; 454:72-5. [PMID: 19429057 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2008] [Revised: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Stevioside is a dietary supplement widely used as a sweetener to prevent hyperglycemic disorders. However, the action mechanisms of this substance for glucose homeostasis remain obscure. In the present study, a dose-related plasma glucose reduction was observed in Wistar rats receiving intraperitoneally injections of stevioside. Similar to the regulation of glucose metabolism by the activation of mu opioid receptors, this action of stevioside was reversed by naloxonazine under the blockade of mu opioid receptors. We also found that stevioside increased glycogen synthesis in isolated hepatocytes, which was concentration-dependently blocked by naloxonazine. Stevioside did not modify the plasma beta-endorphin levels in Wistar rats but it directly increased the phosphorylation of mu opioid receptors in Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with mu opioid receptors. Unlike morphine, chronic administration of stevioside did not induce the withdrawal signs in mice. Furthermore, stevioside by intraperitoneal injections did not influence the feeding behaviors of rats. By contrast, intracerebroventricular injections of stevioside increased the rats' food intake, which was also inhibited by pretreatment with naloxonazine. These results showed that it is difficult for stevioside to enter the brain. Stevioside has the ability to activate peripheral mu opioid receptors for lowering plasma glucose and to increase glycogen synthesis in liver. Thus, the stimulation of peripheral mu opioid receptors is responsible for the action of stevioside in the regulation of glucose homeostasis.
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Chatsudthipong V, Muanprasat C. Stevioside and related compounds: therapeutic benefits beyond sweetness. Pharmacol Ther 2008; 121:41-54. [PMID: 19000919 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stevioside, an abundant component of Stevia rebaudiana leaf, has become well-known for its intense sweetness (250-300 times sweeter than sucrose) and is used as a non-caloric sweetener in several countries. A number of studies have suggested that, beside sweetness, stevioside along with related compounds, which include rebaudioside A (second most abundant component of S. rebaudiana leaf), steviol and isosteviol (metabolic components of stevioside) may also offer therapeutic benefits, as they have anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-diarrheal, diuretic, and immunomodulatory actions. It is of interest to note that their effects on plasma glucose level and blood pressure are only observed when these parameters are higher than normal. As steviol can interact with drug transporters, its role as a drug modulator is proposed. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the pharmacological actions, therapeutic applications, pharmacokinetics and safety of stevioside and related compounds. Although much progress has been made concerning their biological and pharmacological effects, questions regarding chemical purity and safety remain unsolved. These issues are discussed to help guide future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varanuj Chatsudthipong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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The hemodynamic effects of rebaudioside A in healthy adults with normal and low-normal blood pressure. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46 Suppl 7:S40-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Maki K, Curry L, Reeves M, Toth P, McKenney J, Farmer M, Schwartz S, Lubin B, Boileau A, Dicklin M, Carakostas M, Tarka S. Chronic consumption of rebaudioside A, a steviol glycoside, in men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46 Suppl 7:S47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2008] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sehar I, Kaul A, Bani S, Pal HC, Saxena AK. Immune up regulatory response of a non-caloric natural sweetener, stevioside. Chem Biol Interact 2008; 173:115-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2007] [Revised: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Xu D, Zhang S, Foster DJR, Wang J. THE EFFECTS OF ISOSTEVIOL AGAINST MYOCARDIUM INJURY INDUCED BY ISCHAEMIA?REPERFUSION IN THE ISOLATED GUINEA PIG HEART. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2007; 34:488-93. [PMID: 17439420 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04599.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
1. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of isosteviol against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and its effects on mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channel (mitoK(ATP)) activity in vitro. 2. Groups of eight guinea pigs were treated as follows: constant perfusion control (PC), IR control, ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) + IR, isosteviol (50, 250 or 500 nmol) + IR, 5-hydroxydecanoate acid (5-HD) (5 micromol) + isosteviol (500 nmol) + IR. The guinea pig heart was isolated and perfused in Langendorff mode with modified Tyrode solution at a flow rate of 10 mL/min. Ischaemia was introduced for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 20 min. Cardiac function, coronary arterial flow rate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities in the perfusate were measured prior to ischaemia and at the end of reperfusion. 3. There were no significant (P > 0.05) changes in cardiac function or markers of cell damage (i.e. activities of LDH and CK) in the PC group. In contrast, cardiac function was adversely affected in the IR group, with significant (P < 0.05) decreases in left ventricular developing pressure (LVDevP), dP/dt(max) and dP/dt(min) compared with baseline and the PC group. In addition, there were increases in activity of LDH (20%) and CK (67%) compared with baseline and the PC group. 4. Ischaemic preconditioning and pretreatment with isosteviol, at all dose levels, resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) attenuation of IR injury. Lactate dehydrogenase and CK activities were not significantly (P < 0.05) different compared with baseline. Isosteviol did not increase coronary flow, suggesting that the protective effect of isosteviol on the myocardium was not mediated by dilation of the coronary blood vessels. 5. Pretreatment with the mitoK(ATP) blocker 5-HD partially antagonized the effects of 500 nmol isosteviol, with a statistically significant attenuation of its protective effects on HR, LVDevP, dP/dt(max) and dP/dt(min) compared with isosteviol alone pretreatment. 6. The IR injury on the Langendorff perfused guinea pig heart was alleviated by isosteviol, which appears to mediate its effects through mitoK(ATP) channels. Future research might aim to investigate the interaction of isosteviol with mitoK(ATP) channels in order to clarify its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyi Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Chen J, Jeppesen PB, Nordentoft I, Hermansen K. Stevioside counteracts the glyburide-induced desensitization of the pancreatic beta-cell function in mice: studies in vitro. Metabolism 2006; 55:1674-80. [PMID: 17142143 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2006.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2005] [Accepted: 08/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The sulfonylurea glyburide (GB) is one of the most frequently used drugs in diabetes treatment. Long-term pretreatment with GB causes elevated basal insulin secretion (BIS) and decreased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). These characteristics may play an important role for the development of hypoglycemia and secondary failure. Stevioside (SVS), a substance extracted from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, enhances GSIS but not BIS. The aim of the present study was to clarify whether 24-hour exposure of isolated mouse islets to GB causes dose-dependent decrease in the GSIS and whether it is possible to counteract this desensitization by SVS. We also tested the impact of the incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on the GB-induced desensitization. After 24-hour preincubation with GB in combination with SVS or GLP-1, we measured the basal and glucose-stimulated insulin responses and the total islet insulin content. We also determined the fold change in gene expression of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 and glucose transporter isoform 2. After 24-hour preincubation in 11.1 mmol/L glucose, GB (10(-11)-10(-3) mol/L) caused a dose-dependent decrease in GSIS (16.7 mmol/L glucose) (P < .001). GB (10(-7) mol/L) pretreatment elevated BIS, but neither SVS (10(-7) mol/L) nor GLP-1 (10(-7) mol/L) could reverse this. Interestingly, the GB-induced desensitization of GSIS was counteracted by both SVS (P < .05) and GLP-1 (P < .05). SVS reversed the decrease in insulin content caused by GB pretreatment (P < .05). GB pretreatment did not change gene expression of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 nor glucose transporter isoform 2, whereas SVS significantly up-regulated the expression of both genes by more than 2-fold (P < .05). Our results showed that SVS in combination with GB did not reverse GB-induced increase in BIS, whereas both SVS and GLP-1 counteracted GB-induced desensitization of GSIS. SVS is able to counteract the desensitizing effects of GB and may be a putative new drug candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism C, Aarhus Sygehus THG, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Wong KL, Lin JW, Liu JC, Yang HY, Kao PF, Chen CH, Loh SH, Chiu WT, Cheng TH, Lin JG, Hong HJ. Antiproliferative Effect of Isosteviol on Angiotensin-II-Treated Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells. Pharmacology 2006; 76:163-9. [PMID: 16479148 DOI: 10.1159/000091417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2005] [Accepted: 11/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Isosteviol is a derivative of stevioside, a constituent of Stevia rebaudiana, which is commonly used as a noncaloric sugar substitute in Japan and Brazil. The aims of this study were to examine whether isosteviol alters angiotensin-II-induced cell proliferation in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells were preincubated with isosteviol, then stimulated with angiotensin II, after which [(3)H]thymidine incorporation and endothelin-1 secretion were examined. Isosteviol (1-100 micromol/l) inhibits angiotensin-II-induced DNA synthesis and endothelin-1 secretion. Measurements of 2'7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate, a redox-sensitive fluorescent dye, showed an isosteviol-mediated inhibition of intracellular reactive oxygen species generated by the effects of angiotensin II. The inductive properties of angiotensin II on extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation were found reversed with isosteviol and antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine. In summary, we speculate that isosteviol inhibits angiotensin-II-induced cell proliferation and endothelin-1 secretion via attenuation of reactive oxygen species generation. Thus, this study provides important insights that may contribute to the effects of isosteviol on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar-Lok Wong
- Department of Anesthesia, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Chen J, Jeppesen PB, Abudula R, Dyrskog SEU, Colombo M, Hermansen K. Stevioside does not cause increased basal insulin secretion or β-cell desensitization as does the sulphonylurea, glibenclamide: Studies in vitro. Life Sci 2006; 78:1748-53. [PMID: 16260001 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2005] [Accepted: 08/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that stevioside (SVS) enhances insulin secretion and thus may have a potential role as antihyperglycemic agent in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, whether SVS stimulates basal insulin secretion (BIS) and/or cause desensitization of beta cells like sulphonylureas (SU), e.g. glibenclamide (GB), is not known. To explore and compare the effects of SVS pretreatment with those of GB and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), we exposed isolated mouse islets to low or high glucose for 1 h after short-term (2 h) or long-term (24 h) pretreatment with SVS, GB or GLP-1, respectively. BIS at 3.3 or 5.5 mM glucose were not changed after short-term pretreatment with SVS (10(-7) M), while it increased about three folds after pretreatment with GB (10(-7) M). Glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) (16.7 mM) increased dose-dependently after long-term pretreatment with SVS at concentrations from 10(-7) to 10(-5) M. Pretreatment for 24 h with GB (10(-7) M) increased the subsequent BIS (3.3 mM glucose) (p < 0.001), but decreased GSIS (16.7 mM glucose) (p < 0.001). In contrast SVS (10(-7) M) and GLP-1 (10(-7) M) did not stimulate BIS but both enhanced the subsequent GSIS (16.7 mM glucose) (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively). While SVS pretreatment increased the intracellular insulin content, GB pretreatment decreased the insulin content. Our study suggests that SVS pretreatment does not cause a stimulation of BIS and does not desensitize beta-cells, i.e. SVS seems to have advantageous characteristics to GB as a potential treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Aarhus Sygehus THG, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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