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Nielsen AF, Baun A, Andersen SI, Skjolding LM. Critical review of the OSPAR risk-based approach for offshore-produced water discharges. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2023; 19:1172-1187. [PMID: 36461708 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The management of produced water (PW) discharges from offshore oil and gas installations in the North Atlantic is under the auspices of OSPAR (Oslo/Paris convention for Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic). In 2010, OSPAR introduced the risk-based approach (RBA) for PW management. The RBA includes a hazard assessment estimating PW ecotoxicity using two approaches: whole-effluent toxicity (WET) and substance-based (SB). Set against the framework of the WET and SB approach, we conducted a literature review on the magnitude and cause of PW ecotoxicity, respectively, and on the challenges of estimating these. A large variability in the reported magnitude of PW WET was found, with EC50 or LC50 values ranging from <1% to >100%, and a median of 11% (n = 301). Across the literature, metals, hydrocarbons, and production chemicals were identified as causing ecotoxicity. However, this review reveals how knowledge gaps on PW composition and high sample and species dependency of PW ecotoxicity make clear identification and generalization difficult. It also highlights how limitations regarding the availability and reliability of ecotoxicity data result in large uncertainties in the subsequent risk estimates, which is not adequately reflected in the RBA output (e.g., environmental impact factors). Thus, it is recommended to increase the focus on improving ecotoxicity data quality before further use in the RBA, and that WET should play a more pronounced role in the testing strategy. To increase the reliability of the SB approach, more attention should be paid to the actual composition of PW. Bioassay-directed chemical analysis, combining outcomes of WET and SB in toxicity identification evaluations, may hold the key to identifying drivers of ecotoxicity in PW. Finally, an uncertainty appraisal must be an integrated part of all reporting of risk estimates in the RBA, to avoid mitigation actions based on uncertainties rather than reliable ecotoxicity estimations. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1172-1187. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann F Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Baun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Simon I Andersen
- Danish Offshore Technology Centre, Elektrovej, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lars M Skjolding
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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2
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Njuguna J, Siddique S, Bakah Kwroffie L, Piromrat S, Addae-Afoakwa K, Ekeh-Adegbotolu U, Oluyemi G, Yates K, Kumar Mishra A, Moller L. The fate of waste drilling fluids from oil & gas industry activities in the exploration and production operations. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 139:362-380. [PMID: 35026697 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Operational discharges from oil and gas exploration industry, accidental spillage, or improperly disposed drilling wastes has serious detrimental effects on human and the environment. The water- and oil-based fluids wastes are generated every year all over the world and remain a serious challenge in compliance with the requirements of zero discharge for the oil and gas industry. To meet environmental regulations, sustainable and effective waste management is critical yet mostly missing in the oil and gas industry. This work aims to provide the current state of art in drilling waste (drill cuttings and drilling fluids). An overview of the drilling fluid waste is first provided followed by its characteristics, environmental concerned constituents in this waste stream are then explored while considering the current waste management efforts. Environmental and regulatory issues regarding drilling waste and the shortcomings of regulations are also discussed. The work sums up with a perspective future trends on drilling waste management, opportunities and challenges ahead including the potential for recycling and re-use of waste drilling fluids and cuttings for commercial products development. There are opportunities for waste valorisation especially in raw materials recovery for valuable products utilisation rather than incurring burden to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Njuguna
- Advanced Materials Research Group, School of Engineering, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK; National Subsea Centre, 3 International Avenue, Dyce, Aberdeen, AB21 0BH, UK.
| | - Shohel Siddique
- Advanced Materials Research Group, School of Engineering, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Lorraine Bakah Kwroffie
- Advanced Materials Research Group, School of Engineering, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Siwat Piromrat
- Advanced Materials Research Group, School of Engineering, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Kofi Addae-Afoakwa
- Advanced Materials Research Group, School of Engineering, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Urenna Ekeh-Adegbotolu
- Advanced Materials Research Group, School of Engineering, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Gbenga Oluyemi
- Advanced Materials Research Group, School of Engineering, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Kyari Yates
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Ajay Kumar Mishra
- Academy of Nanotechnology and Waste Water Innovation, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, KIIT Deemed University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Leon Moller
- Law School, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7QE, UK
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Gul Zaman H, Baloo L, Pendyala R, Singa PK, Ilyas SU, Kutty SRM. Produced Water Treatment with Conventional Adsorbents and MOF as an Alternative: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7607. [PMID: 34947202 PMCID: PMC8707545 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A large volume of produced water (PW) has been produced as a result of extensive industrialization and rising energy demands. PW comprises organic and inorganic pollutants, such as oil, heavy metals, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and radioactive materials. The increase in PW volume globally may result in irreversible environmental damage due to the pollutants' complex nature. Several conventional treatment methods, including physical, chemical, and biological methods, are available for produced water treatment that can reduce the environmental damages. Studies have shown that adsorption is a useful technique for PW treatment and may be more effective than conventional techniques. However, the application of adsorption when treating PW is not well recorded. In the current review, the removal efficiencies of adsorbents in PW treatment are critically analyzed. An overview is provided on the merits and demerits of the adsorption techniques, focusing on overall water composition, regulatory discharge limits, and the hazardous effects of the pollutants. Moreover, this review highlights a potential alternative to conventional technologies, namely, porous adsorbent materials known as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), demonstrating their significance and efficiency in removing contaminants. This study suggests ways to overcome the existing limitations of conventional adsorbents, which include low surface area and issues with reuse and regeneration. Moreover, it is concluded that there is a need to develop highly porous, efficient, eco-friendly, cost-effective, mechanically stable, and sustainable MOF hybrids for produced water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Gul Zaman
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia; (H.G.Z.); (S.R.M.K.)
| | - Lavania Baloo
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia; (H.G.Z.); (S.R.M.K.)
| | - Rajashekhar Pendyala
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia;
| | - Pradeep Kumar Singa
- Department of Civil Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College Bidar, Bidar 585403, India;
| | - Suhaib Umer Ilyas
- Institute of Hydrocarbon Recovery, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia;
| | - Shamsul Rahman Mohamed Kutty
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia; (H.G.Z.); (S.R.M.K.)
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4
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Jones R, Wakeford M, Currey-Randall L, Miller K, Tonin H. Drill cuttings and drilling fluids (muds) transport, fate and effects near a coral reef mesophotic zone. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112717. [PMID: 34385023 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study was conducted to improve knowledge and provide guidance on reducing uncertainty with impact predictions when drilling near sensitive environments. Near/Far-field hindcast modelling of cuttings/drilling fluid (mud) discharges from a floating platform was conducted, based on measured discharge amounts and durations and validated by ROV-based plume and seabed sampling. The high volume, concentration, and discharge rate water-based drilling mud discharges (mud pit dumps) were identified as the most significant dispersal risk, but longer-range movement was limited by the generation of jet-like plumes on release, which rapidly delivered muds to the seabed (80 m). Effects to the sparse benthic filter feeder communities close to the wells were observed, but no effects were seen on the epibenthic or demersal fish assemblages across the nearby mesophotic reef. For future drilling near sensitive environments, the study emphasized the need to better characterise drilling fluid discharges (volumes/discharge rates) to reduce uncertainty in modelling outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Jones
- Australian Institute of Marine Science Perth (Western Australia), Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Mary Wakeford
- Australian Institute of Marine Science Perth (Western Australia), Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leanne Currey-Randall
- Australian Institute of Marine Science Perth (Western Australia), Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karen Miller
- Australian Institute of Marine Science Perth (Western Australia), Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hemerson Tonin
- Australian Institute of Marine Science Perth (Western Australia), Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Gu Y, You Y, Thrush S, Brustolin M, Liu Y, Tian S, Ye J, Jia H, Liu G. Responses of the macrobenthic community to the Dalian Bay oil spill based on co-occurrence patterns and interaction networks. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 171:112662. [PMID: 34242955 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
On July 16, 2010, a pipeline explosion spilled 1500 tons of crude oil into the Port of Dalian, China. To identify taxa responses to the spill, we exploited seven years of monitoring data to examine the co-occurrence of taxon pairs and the variation of the macrobenthic community. Non-parametric correlation analysis was used to construct interaction networks of relationships between oil spill contaminants and macrobenthic taxa. We observed that the impacted macrobenthic community not restored before 2016. The tolerance/sensitivity of taxa was inconsistent with the studies of oil impacts in other locations. We suggest revision of the ecological group classification of Sabellidae, Lumbrineridae, Terebellidae, Sternaspidae, and Spionidae. The variation in the frequency of coexistence indicates the potential impact of oil spill pollution on resource occupation. The interaction network involving macrobenthic families and stressors associated with the oil spill highlights how different macrobenthic families respond to different combinations of stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Gu
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yuxi You
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon Thrush
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marco Brustolin
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yu'an Liu
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shuang Tian
- Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jinqing Ye
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hao Jia
- PetroChina Shandong Marketing Company, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guize Liu
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China.
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6
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Adyasari D, Pratama MA, Teguh NA, Sabdaningsih A, Kusumaningtyas MA, Dimova N. Anthropogenic impact on Indonesian coastal water and ecosystems: Current status and future opportunities. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 171:112689. [PMID: 34256325 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Indonesia, the world's largest archipelagic country and the fourth most populated nation, has struggled with coastal water pollution in the last decades. With the increasing population in coastal urban cities, more land-based pollutants are transported to the coastal water and adversely affected the tropical ecosystems. This paper provides an overview of anthropogenic pollutant studies in Indonesian coastal water and ecosystems from 1986 to 2021. Nutrients, heavy metals, organic pollutants, and plastic debris are the most-studied contaminants. We found that 82%, 54% and 50% of the studies exceeding nutrients, heavy metals, and organic pollutants standard limit, respectively; thus, indicating poor water quality status in part of Indonesian coastal water. The coral reef ecosystems is found to be the most sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance. The potential effect of climate change, new coastal pollution hotspots in eastern Indonesia, marine anthropogenic sources, legacy/emerging pollutants, and the need for research related to the biological contamination, are discussed for future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dini Adyasari
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa 35487, USA.
| | | | - Novi Andriany Teguh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Aninditia Sabdaningsih
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia; Tropical Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | | | - Natasha Dimova
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa 35487, USA
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7
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Worden JR, Di Paolo C, Whale GF, Eadsforth CV, Michie E, Lindgren A, Smit MGD. Application of screening tools for environmental hazard and risk to support assessment and subsequent prioritization of effluent discharges from the oil and gas industry. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2021; 17:1025-1036. [PMID: 33615680 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Assessment and management of effluent discharges are key to avoiding environmental deterioration. Often compliance with discharge regulations and permits is based on a limited set of chemical parameters, while information on whole effluent hazardous properties (toxicity, bioaccumulation potential, persistence) and environmental risks is lacking. The need to collect those data and to become more effective in quickly identifying high-risk activities, without extensive laboratory testing, has led to the development of screening tools to complement information on chemical composition. A simple, Tier 1 screening "toolbox" is proposed which is comprised of solid-phase microextraction with gas chromatographic (SPME-GC) analysis, the in-vitro ecotoxicity assay Microtox, and a simple weathering assay. When combined with dilution modeling, screening-level risk assessments can be performed, providing additional lines of evidence to support a weight of evidence type of analysis. Application of the toolbox enables prioritization of discharges that may be deemed to require higher tier assessment. The toolbox was trialed on a number of produced water samples collected from offshore oil and gas facilities and effluents from petroleum processing and manufacturing sites. In contrast to what has been reported for petroleum products, results showed only moderate correlation between bioavailable hydrocarbons (bHCs) and toxicity, which might be related to the possible presence of toxic contaminants from other chemical classes or to methodological issues such as suboptimal conditions during transport. The methods employed were quick, inexpensive, and simple to conduct. They require relatively small volumes of sample, which is especially advantageous when evaluating discharges from remote offshore facilities. The toolbox adds valuable information on whole effluent properties to existing data, for example, on chemical composition, which can improve understanding of which discharges are more likely to pose a risk to the environment and so require further investigation or risk management. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:1025-1036. © 2021 Shell International B.V. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy R Worden
- Shell Health Risk Science Team, Manchester, United Kingdom
- QP Consulting (Chester) Limited, Chester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Graham F Whale
- Shell Health Risk Science Team, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Whale Environmental Consultancy Limited, Chester, United Kingdom
| | - Charles V Eadsforth
- Shell Health Risk Science Team, Manchester, United Kingdom
- CVE Consultancy Limited, Merseyside, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Michie
- Shell Health Risk Science Team, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Kalibrate, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Avila Lindgren
- Shell Health Risk Science Team, The Hague, the Netherlands
- Present Address: CaribAlgae, The Hague, the Netherlands
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8
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Ahmad F, Morris K, Law GTW, Taylor KG, Shaw S. Fate of radium on the discharge of oil and gas produced water to the marine environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:129550. [PMID: 33508689 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the speciation and fate of radium during operational discharge from the offshore oil and gas industry into the marine environment is important in assessing its long term environmental impact. In the current work, 226Ra concentrations in marine sediments contaminated by produced water discharge from a site in the UK were analysed using gamma spectroscopy. Radium was present in field samples (0.1-0.3 Bq g-1) within International Atomic Energy Agency activity thresholds and was found to be primarily associated with micron sized radiobarite particles (≤2 μm). Experimental studies of synthetic/field produced water and seawater mixing under laboratory conditions showed that a significant proportion of radium (up to 97%) co-precipitated with barite confirming the radiobarite fate pathway. The results showed that produced water discharge into the marine environment results in the formation of radiobarite particles which incorporate a significant portion of radium and can be deposited in marine sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraaz Ahmad
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Williamson Building, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Morris
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Williamson Building, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth T W Law
- Radiochemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Kevin G Taylor
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Williamson Building, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Shaw
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Williamson Building, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
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Polidoro B, Matson CW, Ottinger MA, Renegar DA, Romero IC, Schlenk D, Wise JP, Beltrán González J, Bruns P, Carpenter K, Cobián Rojas D, Collier TK, Duda TF, González-Díaz P, Di Giulio R, Grubbs RD, Haney JC, Incardona JP, Horta-Puga G, Linardich C, Moore JA, Pech D, Perera Valderrama S, Ralph GM, Strongin K, Ringwood AH, Würsig B. A multi-taxonomic framework for assessing relative petrochemical vulnerability of marine biodiversity in the Gulf of Mexico. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:142986. [PMID: 33168243 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of the impact of petrochemicals and other stressors on marine biodiversity is critical for effective management, restoration, recovery, and mitigation initiatives. As species-specific information on levels of petrochemical exposure and toxicological response are lacking for the majority of marine species, a trait-based assessment to rank species vulnerabilities to petrochemical activities in the Gulf of Mexico can provide a more comprehensive and effective means to prioritize species, habitats, and ecosystems for improved management, restoration and recovery. To initiate and standardize this process, we developed a trait-based framework, applicable to a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate species, that can be used to rank relative population vulnerabilities of species to petrochemical activities in the Gulf of Mexico. Through expert consultation, 18 traits related to likelihood of exposure, individual sensitivity, and population resilience were identified and defined. The resulting multi-taxonomic petrochemical vulnerability framework can be adapted and applied to a wide variety of species groups and geographic regions. Additional recommendations and guidance on the application of the framework to rank species vulnerabilities under specific petrochemical exposure scenarios, management needs or data limitations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Polidoro
- School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, 4701 W. Thunderbird Rd, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA.
| | - Cole W Matson
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Mary Ann Ottinger
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, 3455 Cullen Boulevard, #221E, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5001, USA
| | - D Abigail Renegar
- Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, 8000 North Ocean Drive, Dania, FL 33004, USA
| | - Isabel C Romero
- University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, 900 University Blvd., Riverside, CA 92054, USA
| | - John Pierce Wise
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, 500 S. Preston St., 55A Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Jesús Beltrán González
- Centro de Investigación y Manejo Ambiental del Transporte (Cimab), Ctra. del Cristo esq. Tiscornia, Casablanca, Habana, Cuba
| | - Peter Bruns
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Kent Carpenter
- International Union for Conservation of Nature Marine Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, 5115 Hampton Blvd., Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Dorka Cobián Rojas
- Parque Nacional Guanahacabibes, Centro de Investigaciones y Servicios Ambientales (ECOVIDA), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente (CITMA), La Bajada, 22100 Sandino, Pinar Del Río, Cuba
| | - Tracy K Collier
- Huxley College of the Environment, Western Washington University, 516 High Street, Bellingham, WA 98225-9079, USA
| | - Thomas F Duda
- Museum of Zoology & Department of Ecology of Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1085, USA
| | - Patricia González-Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 16, No. 114 entre 1ra y 3ra, Municipio Playa, La Habana CP: 11300, Cuba
| | - Richard Di Giulio
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - R Dean Grubbs
- Florida State University Coastal and Marine Laboratory, 3618 Highway 98, St. Teresa, FL 32358, USA
| | - J Christopher Haney
- Terra Mar Applied Sciences, 1370 Tewkesbury Place NW, Washington, DC 20012, USA
| | - John P Incardona
- Ecotoxicology Program, Environmental Conservation Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Guillermo Horta-Puga
- Lab. Biogeoquímica, UBIPRO, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, México 54090, Mexico
| | - Christi Linardich
- International Union for Conservation of Nature Marine Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, 5115 Hampton Blvd., Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Jon A Moore
- Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, 5353 Parkside Dr., Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, 5600 US 1, Ft. Pierce, FL 34964, USA
| | - Daniel Pech
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad Marina y Cambio Climático (BIOMARCCA), El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Lerma, 24500 Campeche, Mexico
| | - Susana Perera Valderrama
- National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO), Liga Periférico - Insurgentes Sur 4903, Parques del Pedregal, Tlalpan, 14010 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gina M Ralph
- International Union for Conservation of Nature Marine Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, 5115 Hampton Blvd., Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Kyle Strongin
- School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, 4701 W. Thunderbird Rd, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA
| | - Amy H Ringwood
- Dept of Biology, 9201 University City Blvd, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Bernd Würsig
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, 200 Seawolf Pkwy, Galveston, TX 77553, USA
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10
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Cui Z, Luan X, Li S, Zhao X, Lin Z, Li J, Gao W, Zheng L, Ma Z, Xie J. Genotoxicity detection of oil-containing drill cuttings by Comet assay based on a demersal marine fish Mugilogobius chulae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111655. [PMID: 33396169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An enormous amount of oil-containing drill cuttings have been produced by the marine oil and gas industry. The environmental impacts of discharged drilling waste have been extensively studied. However, there is still an urgent need to develop alternative methods to identify the genotoxicity of untreated and treated drill waste in a timely manner before it is discharged. In this study, we developed a relatively rapid, sensitive, and accurate genotoxicity-detection method using Comet assay and the marine benthic goby Mugilogobius chulae. This goby is sensitive to a standard toxicant mitomycin C (MMC). The optimal exposure period for genotoxicity detection using M. chulae was determined. Three genotoxic indices (tail length (TL), tail DNA content (TD), and tail moment (TM)) were used to assess the effectiveness of high-temperature treatment of oil-contaminated waste. Untreated oil-containing drill cuttings exhibited the highest genotoxicity to goby cells. Genotoxicity was dramatically reduced after thermal treatment of drill cuttings at 350 °C and 500 °C. TD and TM exhibited significant correlation with the concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs)/total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) according to Pearson and Mantel correlation analyses (P values were <0.05). Using redundancy analysis (RDA) and variation partition analysis (VPA), the genotoxic effects of the drill cuttings were ascribed to total alkanes and specific groups of PAHs. In conclusion, this newly established biological model has the potential to be widely used to detect the genetic damage of untreated or treated oil-containing drill cuttings discharged into the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisong Cui
- Marine Bioresources and Environment Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Qingdao 266061, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujun Li
- Marine Bioresources and Environment Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Qingdao 266061, People's Republic of China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xilong Zhao
- Marine Bioresources and Environment Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Qingdao 266061, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongting Lin
- Key Laboratory of Guangdong Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou 510663, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Guangdong Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou 510663, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- Marine Bioresources and Environment Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Qingdao 266061, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zheng
- Marine Bioresources and Environment Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Qingdao 266061, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengzhao Ma
- China Offshore Environmental Service Co. Ltd., CNOOC Energy Technology & Services Ltd., China National Offshore Oil Corp., Tianjin 300452, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghao Xie
- China Offshore Environmental Service Co. Ltd., CNOOC Energy Technology & Services Ltd., China National Offshore Oil Corp., Tianjin 300452, People's Republic of China
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11
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Pichler N, Maria de Souza F, Ferreira Dos Santos V, Martins CC. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments of the amazon coast: Evidence for localized sources in contrast to massive regional biomass burning. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115958. [PMID: 33176946 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Amazon coastal zone has become contaminated with organic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, information about their distribution and sources in this area is scarce, despite increasing deforestation and oil exploitation. Therefore, individual PAHs were analysed in the sediments of the Oyapock estuary, which is located in the Amazon coastal zone. This study provides information about the spatial and short-term temporal distributions of PAHs and discusses the major sources of PAHs to better understand the anthropogenic processes occurring in adjacent areas. The concentrations of all sixteen priority PAHs defined by the US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency, ∑16PAHs) ranged from 10.9 to 138.8 ng g-1 with a mean and standard deviation = 37.9 ± 20.5 and indicated that this estuary is not contaminated, while the mean levels were similar to those found in other Amazon regions and pristine areas along the coast of Brazil. No significant differences were found in the sedimentary PAHs levels between the wet and dry sampling campaigns, despite the different climatic conditions. Diagnostic ratios, positive matrix factorization (PMF) and cluster analysis have shown that the majority of the investigated PAHs were derived from combustion processes (at least 55.1%, as estimated by the PMF model). Localized source inputs from oil and its by-products concomitantly with natural/biogenic sources appear to be secondary sources. The PAH contribution from biomass and wood combustion was approximately 13.6% and was relatively lower than other regions of the Amazon that are undergoing massive biomass burning. As the first study of PAHs in this region, this study provides vital information on the healthy state of the estuary and can serve as a baseline for assessing the impacts of acute oil disasters or the chronic input of PAHs as a result of human settlements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Pichler
- Centro de Estudos Do Mar, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976, Pontal Do Paraná, PR, Brazil; Ghent University, St. Pietersnieuwstraat 33, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fernanda Maria de Souza
- Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas Do Estado Do Amapá, Centro de Pesquisas Aquáticas, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, S/n, Fazendinha, 68903-197, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Valdenira Ferreira Dos Santos
- Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas Do Estado Do Amapá, Centro de Pesquisas Aquáticas, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, S/n, Fazendinha, 68903-197, Macapá, AP, Brazil; Universidade Federal Do Amapá, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek, Km-02, Jardim Marco Zero, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - César C Martins
- Centro de Estudos Do Mar, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976, Pontal Do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
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12
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Mol MF, Li M, Gernand JM. Particulate matter emissions associated with marcellus shale drilling waste disposal and transport. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2020; 70:795-809. [PMID: 32516062 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2020.1772901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study models emissions quantities and neighboring exposure concentrations of six airborne pollutants, including PM10, PM2.5, crystalline silica, arsenic, uranium, and barium, which resulted from the disposal of Marcellus shale drill cuttings waste during the 2011-2017 period. Using these predicted exposures, this study evaluates current setback distances required in Pennsylvania from waste facilities. For potential residents living at the perimeter of the current setback distance, 274 m (900 ft), a waste disposal rate of 612.4 metric tons per day at landfills (the 99th percentile in record) does not result in exceedances of the exposure limits for any of the six investigated pollutants. However, the current setback distance can result in exceedance with respect to the 24-hr daily concentration standards for PM10 and PM2.5 established in the National Air Ambient Quality Standards (NAAQS), if daily waste disposal rate surpasses 900 metric tons per day. Dry depositions of barium-containing and uranium-containing particulate matter should not be a danger to public health based on these results. To investigate the air quality impacts of waste transportation and the potential for reductions, this article describes an optimization of landfill locations in Pennsylvania indicating the potential benefits in reduced environmental health hazard level possible by decreasing the distance traveled by waste disposal trucks. This strategy could reduce annual emissions of PM10 and PM2.5 by a mean of 64% and reduce the expected number of annual fatal accidents by nearly half, and should be considered a potential risk management goal in the long run. Therefore, policy to limit or encourage reduction of distances traveled by waste removal trucks and manage setback distances as a function of delivered waste quantities is merited. Implications This study shows the necessity of reviewing current setback distance required in Pennsylvania, which might not ensure 24-hr mean PM10 and PM2.5 levels below the values stated in National Ambient Air Quality Standards for the residents living at the perimeter. Furthermore, this study also reveals potential tremendous benefits from optimizing location of landfills accepting drill cuttings within Pennsylvania, with PM10 and PM2.5 emission, total distance traveled shrinking, and number of fatal accidents shrinking by nearly half.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mevlut Furkan Mol
- John and Willie Leone Family Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mengfan Li
- John and Willie Leone Family Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeremy M Gernand
- John and Willie Leone Family Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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13
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Karman CC, Smit MG. Whole Effluent Toxicity Data and Discharge Volumes to Assess the Likelihood that Environmental Risks of Offshore Produced Water Discharges Are Adequately Controlled. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2019; 15:584-595. [PMID: 30884124 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In 2012, the Oslo-Paris (OSPAR) Commission adopted Recommendation 2012/5 for a risk-based approach (RBA) to the management of produced water discharges from offshore installations. As part of this recommendation, OSPAR requires that the environmental risk of the discharge of produced water is characterized based on whole effluent toxicity (WET) studies and/or on a substance-based assessment. In this paper we describe an assessment of the likelihood that the environmental risk of produced water discharges is adequately controlled based on WET data for 19 oil- and gas-producing platforms and their discharge volumes. Our analysis shows that, with the selected risk criterion of predicted exposure concentration (PEC)/predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) should not exceed 1 at 500 m, there is a mean likelihood of 99.5% (or more) that the environmental risk from the produced water discharges is adequately controlled for installations that discharge 30 × 103 m3 /y (or less). The method presented in this paper can be used for screening purposes to ensure that efforts are directed toward installations with a high likelihood that risk is not adequately controlled. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:584-595. © 2019 SETAC.
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14
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Venegas-Li R, Levin N, Morales-Barquero L, Kaschner K, Garilao C, Kark S. Global assessment of marine biodiversity potentially threatened by offshore hydrocarbon activities. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:2009-2020. [PMID: 30854759 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Increasing global energy demands have led to the ongoing intensification of hydrocarbon extraction from marine areas. Hydrocarbon extractive activities pose threats to native marine biodiversity, such as noise, light, and chemical pollution, physical changes to the sea floor, invasive species, and greenhouse gas emissions. Here, we assessed at a global scale the spatial overlap between offshore hydrocarbon activities and marine biodiversity (>25,000 species, nine major ecosystems, and marine protected areas), and quantify the changes over time. We discovered that two-thirds of global offshore hydrocarbon activities occur in areas within the top 10% for species richness, range rarity, and proportional range rarity values globally. Thus, while hydrocarbon activities are undertaken in less than one percent of the ocean's area, they overlap with approximately 85% of all assessed species. Of conservation concern, 4% of species with the largest proportion of their range overlapping hydrocarbon activities are range restricted, potentially increasing their vulnerability to localized threats such as oil spills. While hydrocarbon activities have extended to greater depths since the mid-1990s, we found that the largest overlap is with coastal ecosystems, particularly estuaries, saltmarshes and mangroves. Furthermore, in most countries where offshore hydrocarbon exploration licensing blocks have been delineated, they do not overlap with marine protected areas (MPAs). Although this is positive in principle, many countries have far more licensing block areas than protected areas, and in some instances, MPA coverage is minimal. These findings suggest the need for marine spatial prioritization to help limit future spatial overlap between marine conservation priorities and hydrocarbon activities. Such prioritization can be informed by the spatial and quantitative baseline information provided here. In increasingly shared seascapes, prioritizing management actions that set both conservation and development targets could help minimize further declines of biodiversity and environmental changes at a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Venegas-Li
- The Biodiversity Research Group, Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Noam Levin
- Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Department of Geography, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lucía Morales-Barquero
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Kristin Kaschner
- Department of Biometry and Environmental Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | | | - Salit Kark
- The Biodiversity Research Group, Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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15
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Parkerton TF, Bok M, Ireland AW, Prosser CM. An evaluation of cumulative risks from offshore produced water discharges in the Bass Strait. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 126:610-621. [PMID: 29129320 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemical analyses and toxicity testing using six marine species were used to characterize the hazard of produced waters (PW) to marine life from twelve Australian offshore platforms. Hazard data were used in conjunction with platform-specific plume discharge dilution and species sensitivity distribution modeling to estimate cumulative risks by calculating the multiple substance potentially affected fraction of species in the local marine environment. Results provided two independent lines of evidence demonstrating that cumulative risks to marine life from these discharges meet intended 95% species protection goals at the edge of the mixing zone. A limited number of PW constituents (hydrocarbons, sulphide and ammonia) appeared to dictate risk thereby informing management and providing a rationale for more targeted analyses in future monitoring studies. Based on these findings a tiered framework is proposed to foster consistent screening and potential refinement of cumulative risk evaluations for PW discharges.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Parkerton
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences Inc., Spring, TX, USA.
| | - M Bok
- Esso Australia Pty. Ltd, Southbank, Victoria, Australia
| | - A W Ireland
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences Inc., Annandale, NJ, USA
| | - C M Prosser
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences Inc., Annandale, NJ, USA
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16
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Punzo E, Gomiero A, Tassetti AN, Strafella P, Santelli A, Salvalaggio V, Spagnolo A, Scarcella G, De Biasi AM, Kozinkova L, Fabi G. Environmental Impact of Offshore Gas Activities on the Benthic Environment: A Case Study. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 60:340-356. [PMID: 28488088 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-017-0886-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Multidisciplinary monitoring of the impact of offshore gas platforms on northern and central Adriatic marine ecosystems has been conducted since 1998. Beginning in 2006, 4-5 year investigations spanning the period before, during, and after rig installation have explored the effects of its construction and presence on macrozoobenthic communities, sediment, water quality, pollutant bioaccumulation, and fish assemblages. In this study, sediment samples collected at increasing distance from an offshore gas platform before, during and after its construction were subjected to chemical analysis and assessment of benthic communities. Ecological indices were calculated to evaluate the ecological status of the area. Ecotoxicological analysis of sediment was performed to establish whether pollutants are transferred to biota. The study applied a before-after control-impact design to assess the effects of rig construction and presence and provide reference data on the possible impacts of any further expansion of the gas extraction industry in the already heavily exploited Adriatic Sea. Only some of the metals investigated (barium, chromium, cadmium, and zinc) showed a different spatial and/or temporal distribution that may be platform-related. In the early phases, the sediment concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were below the detection limit at all sites; they then became detectable, but without significant spatial differences. The present findings suggest that the environmental effects of offshore gas platforms may be difficult to quantify, interpret, and generalize, because they are influenced by numerous, often local, abiotic, and biotic variables in different and unpredictable ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Punzo
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), Largo Fieradella Pesca 1, 60125, Ancona, Italy.
| | - A Gomiero
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), Largo Fieradella Pesca 1, 60125, Ancona, Italy
- International Research Institute of Stavanger (IRIS)-Environment, Mekjarvik 12, N-4070, Randaberg, Norway
| | - A N Tassetti
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), Largo Fieradella Pesca 1, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - P Strafella
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), Largo Fieradella Pesca 1, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Santelli
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), Largo Fieradella Pesca 1, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - V Salvalaggio
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), Largo Fieradella Pesca 1, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Spagnolo
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), Largo Fieradella Pesca 1, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - G Scarcella
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), Largo Fieradella Pesca 1, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - A M De Biasi
- Consorzio per il Centro Interuniversitario di Biologia Marina ed Ecologia Applicata (CIBM), Livorno, Italy
| | - L Kozinkova
- Consorzio per il Centro Interuniversitario di Biologia Marina ed Ecologia Applicata (CIBM), Livorno, Italy
| | - G Fabi
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), Largo Fieradella Pesca 1, 60125, Ancona, Italy
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17
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Gollner S, Kaiser S, Menzel L, Jones DOB, Brown A, Mestre NC, van Oevelen D, Menot L, Colaço A, Canals M, Cuvelier D, Durden JM, Gebruk A, Egho GA, Haeckel M, Marcon Y, Mevenkamp L, Morato T, Pham CK, Purser A, Sanchez-Vidal A, Vanreusel A, Vink A, Martinez Arbizu P. Resilience of benthic deep-sea fauna to mining activities. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 129:76-101. [PMID: 28487161 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
With increasing demand for mineral resources, extraction of polymetallic sulphides at hydrothermal vents, cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts at seamounts, and polymetallic nodules on abyssal plains may be imminent. Here, we shortly introduce ecosystem characteristics of mining areas, report on recent mining developments, and identify potential stress and disturbances created by mining. We analyze species' potential resistance to future mining and perform meta-analyses on population density and diversity recovery after disturbances most similar to mining: volcanic eruptions at vents, fisheries on seamounts, and experiments that mimic nodule mining on abyssal plains. We report wide variation in recovery rates among taxa, size, and mobility of fauna. While densities and diversities of some taxa can recover to or even exceed pre-disturbance levels, community composition remains affected after decades. The loss of hard substrata or alteration of substrata composition may cause substantial community shifts that persist over geological timescales at mined sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Gollner
- German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Senckenberg am Meer, Wilhelmshaven, Germany; Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Ocean Systems (OCS), 't Horntje (Texel), The Netherlands.
| | - Stefanie Kaiser
- German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Senckenberg am Meer, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
| | - Lena Menzel
- German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Senckenberg am Meer, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
| | - Daniel O B Jones
- National Oceanography Centre (NOC), University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Alastair Brown
- University of Southampton, Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Nelia C Mestre
- CIMA, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Portugal.
| | - Dick van Oevelen
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Estuarine and Delta Systems (EDS), Yerseke, The Netherlands.
| | - Lenaick Menot
- IFREMER, Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer, Plouzane, France.
| | - Ana Colaço
- IMAR Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, Horta, Açores, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Horta, Açores, Portugal.
| | - Miquel Canals
- GRC Marine Geosciences, Department of Earth and Ocean Dynamics, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Daphne Cuvelier
- IMAR Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, Horta, Açores, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Horta, Açores, Portugal.
| | - Jennifer M Durden
- National Oceanography Centre (NOC), University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrey Gebruk
- P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Great A Egho
- Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | - Yann Marcon
- Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), Bremerhaven, Germany; MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Lisa Mevenkamp
- Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Telmo Morato
- IMAR Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, Horta, Açores, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Horta, Açores, Portugal.
| | - Christopher K Pham
- IMAR Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, Horta, Açores, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Horta, Açores, Portugal.
| | - Autun Purser
- Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Anna Sanchez-Vidal
- GRC Marine Geosciences, Department of Earth and Ocean Dynamics, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ann Vanreusel
- Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Annemiek Vink
- Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Pedro Martinez Arbizu
- German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Senckenberg am Meer, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
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18
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Zhai J, Huang Z, Rahaman MH, Li Y, Mei L, Ma H, Hu X, Xiao H, Luo Z, Wang K. Comparison of coagulation pretreatment of produced water from natural gas well by polyaluminium chloride and polyferric sulphate coagulants. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:1200-1210. [PMID: 27460889 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1217937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to optimise coagulation pretreatment of the produced water (PW) collected from a natural gas field. Two coagulants, polyferric sulphate (PFS) and polyaluminium chloride (PACl), were applied separately for the organics, suspended solids (SS), and colour removal. Treatment performance at different coagulant dosages, initial pH values, stirring patterns, and the addition of cationic polyacrylamide (PAM) was investigated in jar tests. The optimal coagulation conditions were dosage of PACl 25 g/L or PFS 20 g/L with that of PAM 30 mg/L, initial pH of 11, and fast mixing of 1.5 min (for PACl) or 2 min (for PFS) at 250 rpm followed by slow mixing of 15 min at 50 rpm for both coagulants. PACl performed better than PFS to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), SS, and colour, and achieved a removal efficiency of 90.1%, 89.4%, 99.0%, and 99.9%, respectively, under the optimal condition; while PFS efficiency was 86.1%, 86.1%, 99.0%, and 98.2%, respectively. However, oil removal was higher in PFS coagulation compared to PACl and showed 98.9% and 95.3%, respectively. Biodegradability, ratio of the biological oxygen demand (five-day) (BOD5)/COD, of the PW after pretreatment increased from 0.08 to 0.32 for PFS and 0.43 for PACl. Zeta potential (Z-potential) analysis at the optimum coagulant dosage of PACl and PFS suggests that charge neutralisation was the predominant mechanism during coagulation. Better efficiency was observed at higher pH. The addition of PAM and starring pattern had a minor influence on the removal performance of both coagulants. The results suggest that PACl or PFS can be applied for the pretreatment of PW, which can provide substantial removal of carbon, oil, and colour, a necessary first step for subsequent main treatment units such as chemical oxidation or biological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhai
- a Chinese Education Ministry Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment , Chongqing University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Zejin Huang
- a Chinese Education Ministry Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment , Chongqing University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Md Hasibur Rahaman
- a Chinese Education Ministry Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment , Chongqing University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- a Chinese Education Ministry Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment , Chongqing University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Longyue Mei
- a Chinese Education Ministry Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment , Chongqing University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongpu Ma
- a Chinese Education Ministry Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment , Chongqing University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Xuebin Hu
- a Chinese Education Ministry Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment , Chongqing University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Haiwen Xiao
- a Chinese Education Ministry Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment , Chongqing University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Luo
- a Chinese Education Ministry Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment , Chongqing University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Kunping Wang
- a Chinese Education Ministry Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment , Chongqing University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
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Tornero V, Hanke G. Chemical contaminants entering the marine environment from sea-based sources: A review with a focus on European seas. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 112:17-38. [PMID: 27444857 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic contaminants reach the marine environment mostly directly from land-based sources, but there are cases in which they are emitted or re-mobilized in the marine environment itself. This paper reviews the literature, with a predominant focus on the European environment, to compile a list of contaminants potentially released into the sea from sea-based sources and provide an overview of their consideration under existing EU regulatory frameworks. The resulting list contains 276 substances and for some of them (22 antifouling biocides, 32 aquaculture medicinal products and 34 warfare agents) concentrations and toxicity data are additionally provided. The EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive Descriptor 8, together with the Water Framework Directive and the Regional Sea Conventions, provides the provisions against pollution of marine waters by chemical substances. This literature review should inform about the current state of knowledge regarding marine contaminant sources and provide support for setting-up of monitoring approaches, including hotspots screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Tornero
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), Water Resources Unit, Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy.
| | - Georg Hanke
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), Water Resources Unit, Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy
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20
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Heena, Kaur R, Rani S, Malik AK, Kabir A, Furton KG. Determination of cobalt(II), nickel(II) and palladium(II) Ions via fabric phase sorptive extraction in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography-UV detection. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2016.1232273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heena
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University (Patiala), Patiala, India
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University (Patiala), Patiala, India
| | - Susheela Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University (Patiala), Patiala, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University (Patiala), Patiala, India
| | - Abuzar Kabir
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kenneth G. Furton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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21
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Edge KJ, Johnston EL, Dafforn KA, Simpson SL, Kutti T, Bannister RJ. Sub-lethal effects of water-based drilling muds on the deep-water sponge Geodia barretti. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 212:525-534. [PMID: 26970856 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Offshore oil and gas activities can result in the discharge of large amounts of drilling muds. While these materials have generally been regarded as non-toxic to marine organisms, recent studies have demonstrated negative impacts to suspension feeding organisms. We exposed the arctic-boreal sponge Geodia barretti to the primary particulate components of two water-based drilling muds; barite and bentonite. Sponges were exposed to barite, bentonite and a natural reference sediment at a range of total suspended solid concentrations (TSS = 0, 10, 50 or 100 mg/L) for 12 h after which we measured a suite of biomarker responses (lysosomal membrane stability, lipid peroxidation and glutathione). In addition, we compared biomarker responses, organic energy content and metal accumulation in sponges, which had been continuously or intermittently exposed to suspended barite and natural sediment for 14 d at relevant concentrations (10 and 30 mg TSS/L). Lysosomal membrane stability was reduced in the sponges exposed to barite at 50 and 100 mg TSS/L after just 12 h and at 30 mg TSS/L for both continuous and intermittent exposures over 14 d. Evidence of compromised cellular viability was accompanied by barite analysis revealing concentrations of Cu and Pb well above reference sediments and Norwegian sediment quality guidelines. Metal bioaccumulation in sponge tissues was low and the total organic energy content (determined by the elemental composition of organic tissue) was not affected. Intermittent exposures to barite resulted in less toxicity than continuous exposure to barite. Short term exposures to bentonite did not alter any biomarker responses. This is the first time that these biomarkers have been used to indicate contaminant exposure in an arctic-boreal sponge. Our results illustrate the potential toxicity of barite and the importance of assessments that reflect the ways in which these contaminants are delivered under environmentally realistic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn J Edge
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Emma L Johnston
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia
| | - Katherine A Dafforn
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Stuart L Simpson
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water, Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Tina Kutti
- Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870, 5817 Bergen, Norway
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Zheng J, Chen B, Thanyamanta W, Hawboldt K, Zhang B, Liu B. Offshore produced water management: A review of current practice and challenges in harsh/Arctic environments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 104:7-19. [PMID: 26781453 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Increasing offshore oil and gas exploration and development in harsh/Arctic environments require more effective offshore produced water management, as these environments are much more sensitive to changes in water quality than more temperate climates. However, the number and scope of studies of offshore produced water management in harsh/Arctic environments are limited. This paper reviews the current state of offshore produced water management, impacts, and policies, as well as the vulnerability, implications and operational challenges in harsh/Arctic environments. The findings show that the primary contaminant(s) of concern are contained in both the dissolved oil and the dispersed oil. The application of emerging technologies that can tackle this issue is significantly limited by the challenges of offshore operations in harsh/Arctic environments. Therefore, there is a need to develop more efficient and suitable management systems since more stringent policies are being implemented due to the increased vulnerability of harsh/Arctic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisi Zheng
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Bing Chen
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Worakanok Thanyamanta
- Oceanic Consulting Corp., 95 Bonaventure Ave., Suite 401, St. John's, NL A1B 2X5, Canada.
| | - Kelly Hawboldt
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Baiyu Zhang
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Bo Liu
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
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Ferrando A, Gonzalez E, Franco M, Commendatore M, Nievas M, Militon C, Stora G, Gilbert F, Esteves JL, Cuny P. Oil spill effects on macrofaunal communities and bioturbation of pristine marine sediments (Caleta Valdés, Patagonia, Argentina): experimental evidence of low resistance capacities of benthic systems without history of pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:15294-15306. [PMID: 25647496 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Patagonian coast is characterized by the existence of pristine ecosystems which may be particularly sensitive to oil contamination. In this study, a simulated oil spill at acute and chronic input levels was carried out to assess the effects of contamination on the macrobenthic community structure and the bioturbation activity of sediments sampled in Caleta Valdés creek. Superficial sediments were either noncontaminated or contaminated by Escalante crude oil and incubated in the laboratory for 30 days. Oil contamination induced adverse effects on macrobenthic community at both concentrations with, for the highest concentration, a marked decrease of approximately 40 and 55 % of density and specific richness, respectively. Besides the disappearance of sensitive species, some other species like Oligochaeta sp. 1, Paranebalia sp., and Ostracoda sp. 2 species have a higher resistance to oil contamination. Sediment reworking activity was also affected by oil addition. At the highest level of contamination, nearly no activity was observed due to the high mortality of macroorganisms. The results strongly suggest that an oil spill in this protected marine area with no previous history of contamination would have a deep impact on the non-adapted macrobenthic community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Ferrando
- Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT - CONICET), Bvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, 9120, Argentina.
| | - Emilia Gonzalez
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), Bvd. Brown 3000, Puerto Madryn, 9120, Argentina
| | - Marcos Franco
- Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT - CONICET), Bvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, 9120, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Facultad Regional Chubut, Av. del Trabajo 1536, Puerto Madryn, 9120, Argentina
| | - Marta Commendatore
- Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT - CONICET), Bvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, 9120, Argentina
| | - Marina Nievas
- Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT - CONICET), Bvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, 9120, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Facultad Regional Chubut, Av. del Trabajo 1536, Puerto Madryn, 9120, Argentina
| | - Cécile Militon
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, MIO UM 110, Marseille, 13288, France
| | - Georges Stora
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, MIO UM 110, Marseille, 13288, France
| | - Franck Gilbert
- Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS, EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
- CNRS; EcoLab, Toulouse, 31062, France
| | - José Luis Esteves
- Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT - CONICET), Bvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, 9120, Argentina
| | - Philippe Cuny
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, MIO UM 110, Marseille, 13288, France
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24
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Camus L, Brooks S, Geraudie P, Hjorth M, Nahrgang J, Olsen GH, Smit MGD. Comparison of produced water toxicity to Arctic and temperate species. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 113:248-258. [PMID: 25521339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Produced water is the main discharge stream from oil and gas production. For offshore activities this water is usually discharged to the marine environment. Produced water contains traces of hydrocarbons such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as well as alkylphenols, which are relatively resistant to biodegradation and have been reported to cause adverse effects to marine organisms in laboratory studies. For management of produced water, risk-based tools have been developed using toxicity data for mainly non-Arctic species. Reliable risk assessment approaches for Arctic environments are requested to manage potential impacts of produced water associated with increased oil and gas activities in Arctic regions. In order to assess the applicability of existing risk tools for Arctic areas, basic knowledge on the sensitivity of Arctic species has to be developed. In the present study, acute and chronic toxicity of artificial produced water for 6 Arctic and 6 temperate species was experimentally tested and evaluated. The hazardous concentrations affecting 5% and 50% of the species were calculated from species sensitivity distribution curves. Hazardous concentrations were compared to elucidate whether temperate toxicity data used in risk assessment are sufficiently representative for Arctic species. From the study it can be concluded that hazardous concentration derived from individual species' toxicity data of temperate and Arctic species are comparable. However, the manner in which Arctic and non-Arctic populations and communities respond to exposure levels above established thresholds remains to be investigated. Hence, responses at higher levels of biological organization should be studied to reveal potential differences in sensitivities to produced water between Arctic and non-Arctic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Camus
- Akvaplan-niva, High North Research Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway; UiT- the Arctic University of Norway, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Engineering and Safety, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - S Brooks
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - P Geraudie
- Akvaplan-niva, High North Research Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - M Hjorth
- COWI, Parallelvej 2, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J Nahrgang
- Akvaplan-niva, High North Research Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway; UiT-the Arctic University of Norway, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Department of Arctic and Marine Biosciences, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - G H Olsen
- Akvaplan-niva, High North Research Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - M G D Smit
- Statoil ASA, Rotvoll, 7005 Trondheim, Norway
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25
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Larsson AI, van Oevelen D, Purser A, Thomsen L. Tolerance to long-term exposure of suspended benthic sediments and drill cuttings in the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 70:176-188. [PMID: 23510599 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa was exposed to suspended particles (<63 μm) for 12 weeks. Skeletal growth was significantly lower under exposure concentrations of ∼25 mg l⁻¹ than ∼5 mg l⁻¹ and there was a trend of lower growth rates when exposed to water-based drill cuttings than to natural benthic sediment. Polyp extension was less in corals exposed to higher material concentrations, which provides a possible explanation for observed skeletal growth differences between particle concentrations. Particle exposure had no significant impact on respiration or proportions of tissue and fatty acids in corals. The volume of additional cleaning mucus released by exposed corals was low and release did not significantly affect coral energy expenditure. Our results indicate that L. pertusa polyps can deal comparatively well with enhanced particle deposition rates and suspended matter concentrations. However, a small pilot experiment indicated that coral larvae might be particularly vulnerable to high particle concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann I Larsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, 45296 Strömstad, Sweden.
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26
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Lima EPE, Wanderlinde J, de Almeida DT, Lopez G, Goldberg DW. Nesting Ecology and Conservation of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-0996.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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27
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Purser A, Thomsen L. Monitoring strategies for drill cutting discharge in the vicinity of cold-water coral ecosystems. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2012; 64:2309-2316. [PMID: 22935521 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cold-water coral reefs represent some of the most biodiverse and biomass rich ecosystems in the marine environment. Despite this, ecosystem functioning is still poorly understood and the susceptibility of key species to anthropogenic activities and pollutants is unknown. In European waters, cold-water corals are often found in greatest abundance on the continental margin, often in regions rich in hydrocarbon reserves. In this viewpoint paper we discuss some of the current strategies employed in predicting and minimizing exposure of cold-water coral reef ecosystems on the Norwegian margin to waste materials produced during offshore drilling operations by the oil and gas industry. In the light of recent in situ and experimental research conducted with the key reef species Lophelia pertusa, we present some possible improvements to these strategies which may be utilized by industry and managers to further reduce the likelihood of exposure. We further highlight important outstanding research questions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autun Purser
- Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany.
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28
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Gates AR, Jones DOB. Recovery of benthic megafauna from anthropogenic disturbance at a hydrocarbon drilling well (380 m depth in the Norwegian Sea). PLoS One 2012; 7:e44114. [PMID: 23056177 PMCID: PMC3466215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recovery from disturbance in deep water is poorly understood, but as anthropogenic impacts increase in deeper water it is important to quantify the process. Exploratory hydrocarbon drilling causes physical disturbance, smothering the seabed near the well. Video transects obtained by remotely operated vehicles were used to assess the change in invertebrate megafaunal density and diversity caused by drilling a well at 380 m depth in the Norwegian Sea in 2006. Transects were carried out one day before drilling commenced and 27 days, 76 days, and three years later. A background survey, further from the well, was also carried out in 2009. Porifera (45% of observations) and Cnidaria (40%) dominated the megafauna. Porifera accounted for 94% of hard-substratum organisms and cnidarians (Pennatulacea) dominated on the soft sediment (78%). Twenty seven and 76 days after drilling commenced, drill cuttings were visible, extending over 100 m from the well. In this area there were low invertebrate megafaunal densities (0.08 and 0.10 individuals m(-2)) in comparison to pre-drill conditions (0.21 individuals m(-2)). Three years later the visible extent of the cuttings had reduced, reaching 60 m from the well. Within this area the megafaunal density (0.05 individuals m(-2)) was lower than pre-drill and reference transects (0.23 individuals m(-2)). There was a significant increase in total megafaunal invertebrate densities with both distance from drilling and time since drilling although no significant interaction. Beyond the visible disturbance there were similar megafaunal densities (0.14 individuals m(-2)) to pre-drilling and background surveys. Species richness, Shannon-Weiner diversity and multivariate techniques showed similar patterns to density. At this site the effects of exploratory drilling on megafaunal invertebrate density and diversity seem confined to the extent of the visible cuttings pile. However, elevated Barium concentration and reduced sediment grain size suggest persistence of disturbance for three years, with unclear consequences for other components of the benthic fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Gates
- Ocean Biogeochemistry and Ecosystems Group, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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29
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Jiang Z, Huang Y, Chen Q, Zeng J, Xu X. Acute toxicity of crude oil water accommodated fraction on marine copepods: the relative importance of acclimatization temperature and body size. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 81:12-7. [PMID: 22921874 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent oil spillage accidents around the world greatly increase harmful risks to marine ecology. This study evaluated the influences of petroleum water accommodated fraction (WAF) on 15 typical species of marine copepods collected from a subtropical bay in East China Sea at different seasons. Copepods showed impaired swimming ability, restlessness, loss of balance, anoxic coma, and even death when they were acutely exposed to the crude oil WAF under laboratory conditions. The LC(50) values (expressed in total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration) indicated that the tolerances of copepods to WAF decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with increased exposure duration and natural water temperatures (acclimatization temperature). The sensitivity of the copepods was species-specific (P < 0.01), and there was a significant (P < 0.05) positive correlation between the 48-h LC(50) and body size. Therefore, the small copepod species confront more survival challenges under oil contamination stress, especially in the warm months or regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, China
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30
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Tornambè A, Manfra L, Mariani L, Faraponova O, Onorati F, Savorelli F, Cicero AM, Virno Lamberti C, Magaletti E. Toxicity evaluation of diethylene glycol and its combined effects with produced waters of off-shore gas platforms in the Adriatic Sea (Italy): bioassays with marine/estuarine species. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 77:141-149. [PMID: 22245535 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Diethylene glycol (DEG) is commonly used to dehydrate natural gas in off-shore extraction plants and to prevent formation of gas hydrates. It may be released into the sea accidentally or in discharged produced waters (PWs). PWs samples from off-shore gas platforms in the Adriatic Sea (Italy) have been used in this study. The objectives of the study were: a) to evaluate the toxicity of DEG for marine organisms; b) to evaluate if a high DEG content in PWs may alter their toxicity; c) to verify whether the DEG threshold concentration established by the Italian legislation (3.5 g/l) for PWs discharged at sea is safe for marine environment. Ten different species (Vibrio fischeri, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Dunaliella tertiolecta, Brachionus plicatilis, Artemia franciscana, Tigropus fulvus, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Crassostrea gigas, Tapes philippinarum and Dicentrarchus labrax) have been exposed to DEG; four of these species were also exposed to PWs in combination with DEG. The results showed that: a) DEG is not toxic at levels normally detected in Adriatic PWs; b) DEG in combination with PW showed mainly additive or synergistic effects; c) short-term bioassays showed that the DEG limit of 3.5 g/l could be acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tornambè
- ISPRA - Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, via di Casalotti, 300 - 00166 Rome, Italy.
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31
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Baldisserotto B, Garcia LO, Benaduce AP, Duarte RM, Nascimento TL, Gomes LC, Chippari Gomes AR, Val AL. Sodium fluxes in tamoatá, Hoplosternum litoralle, exposed to formation water from Urucu Reserve (Amazon, Brazil). ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 62:78-84. [PMID: 21503699 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-011-9673-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Formation water (produce water or oil field brine) from oil and gas production usually has high concentrations of soluble salts and metals. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of formation water from Urucu Reserve, Amazon, on whole-body uptake and internal distribution of newly accumulated Na+ in juvenile tamoatá, Hoplosternum litoralle. Groups of fish were submitted to nine treatments for 3 h in 400-ml chambers: control (well water), 5% formation water, and well water with respective concentrations of 5% formation water of Ca2+, Fe, Mn, Ba2+, Fe+Ca2+, Mn+Ca2+, and Ba+Ca2+ added. Specimens of tamoatá exposed to 5% formation water presented a very high Na+ influx, probably due to the high Na+ levels in this water. Waterborne Fe and Mn stimulated Na+ influx, but Fe increased Na+ efflux, causing Na+ loss. Waterborne Mn, on the other hand, decreased Na+ efflux, reducing Na+ loss by this species. Waterborne Ca2+ also affected Na+ influx but had no significant effect on net Na+ fluxes. These results demonstrated that spilling of formation water in ion-poor Amazon rivers would dramatically disrupt osmoregulatory balance of tamoatá and probably other Amazon fish species, impairing their survival and reduce biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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32
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Larsson AI, Purser A. Sedimentation on the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa: cleaning efficiency from natural sediments and drill cuttings. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2011; 62:1159-1168. [PMID: 21529851 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic threats to cold-water coral reefs are trawling and hydrocarbon drilling, with both activities causing increased levels of suspended particles. The efficiency of Lophelia pertusa in rejecting local sediments and drill cuttings from the coral surface was evaluated and found not to differ between sediment types. Further results showed that the coral efficiently removed deposited material even after repeated exposures, indicating an efficient cleaning mechanism. In an experiment focusing on burial, fine-fraction drill cuttings were deposited on corals over time. Drill cutting covered coral area increased with repeated depositions, with accumulation mainly occurring on and adjacent to regions of the coral skeleton lacking tissue cover. Tissue was smothered and polyp mortality occurred where polyps became wholly covered by material. Burial of coral by drill cuttings to the current threshold level used in environmental risk assessment models by the offshore industry (6.3mm) may result in damage to L. pertusa colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann I Larsson
- Department of Marine Ecology-Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, 45296 Strömstad, Sweden.
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33
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Jiang Z, Huang Y, Xu X, Liao Y, Shou L, Liu J, Chen Q, Zeng J. Advance in the toxic effects of petroleum water accommodated fraction on marine plankton. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chnaes.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gomes Neto A, Costa CSB. Survival and growth of the dominant salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora in an oil industry saline wastewater. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2009; 11:640-650. [PMID: 19810360 DOI: 10.1080/15226510902861727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Saline oil produced water (PW) is the largest wastewater stream in the oil exploration and production processes. Although eventual disposal of PW into shallow coastal waters occurs nearby coastal wetlands, no studies regarding its toxicity to higher plants were found in our literature review. To fill this knowledge gap and evaluate the potential use of this halophyte for PW phytoremediation the salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora was grown in five PW concentrations and no PW treatment control for seven weeks. The oil & grease, NaCl, and ammonium (N-NH4+) concentrations in the PW were 120 mg L(-1), 30 g L(-1), and 381 mg L(-1), respectively. Plants grown in 30% PW and 10% PW achieved survival rates (75%) significantly higher than plants grown in 100% PW (35% survival). LT50 of S. alterniflora to raw PW with 120 mg L(-1) of oil & grease (100% PW) was estimated at 30 days. Root and sprout biomass were significantly stimulated by PW; plants grown in 10% to 50% PW concentrations were 70-300% more productive than those in control, 80% PW and 100% PW, respectively. No significant inhibitory effects on survival or growth were detected for concentrations of PW less than 80% when compared to control. Our results pointed out that S. alterniflora grows in saline oil PW and its potential use to phytoremediate this effluent should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrânio Gomes Neto
- Program de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Guerra R, Angelis D. TOXICIDADE DO LODO GERADO PELO TRATAMENTO BIOLÓGICO DA ÁGUA DE PRODUÇÃO, NO TERMINAL MARÍTIMO ALMIRANTE BARROSO, MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO SEBASTIÃO, SP. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657v76p2592009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO A exploração dos campos produtores de petróleo tem como característica a extração de uma parcela de água misturada ao óleo. Esta água deve ser separada do petróleo antes do processamento pelas refinarias, assim, originando um resíduo conhecido como Água de Produção (AP). Os sistemas projetados para o tratamento da AP empregam diferentes métodos, visando atingir maior eficiência na separação dos contaminantes da água. Entretanto, os processos de tratamento geram subprodutos que necessitam de posterior manuseio ou descarte. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a toxicidade do produto de solubilização do lodo gerado pelo tratamento da AP em reatores aeróbios, proveniente da estação piloto de tratamento do efluente do Terminal Marítimo Almirante Barroso. Foram testadas as espécies: Barabarea verna Mill ., Brassica oleracea L., Cucumis sativus L. e Eruca sativa Mill., quanto à porcentagem de germinação, velocidade média de germinação e inibição ao crescimento da raiz e hipocótilo. Os resultados indicam maior sensibilidade da germinação de B. verna ao extrato solubilizado, as demais espécies apresentaram concentração crítica para a germinação entorno de 25% do extrato solubilizado. A inibição ao crescimento da raiz e hipocótilo indica maior resistência das espécies E. sativa e B. oleracea, a concetração de inibição (CI50) para essas espécies foi respectivamente de 23,61% e 16,64% para a raiz, para o hipocótilo a CI50 foi em torno de 18% para as duas espécies.
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Caliani I, Porcelloni S, Mori G, Frenzilli G, Ferraro M, Marsili L, Casini S, Fossi MC. Genotoxic effects of produced waters in mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2009; 18:75-80. [PMID: 18763036 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-008-0259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the potential genotoxic effects of produced water (PW) from an Italian on-shore oil plant. Produced water is a complex mixture containing residual hydrocarbons, trace elements, naturally occurring radioactive material and potentially toxic treatment chemicals such as biocides, dispersants, detergents and scale inhibitors used in oil production. The test organism, mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis), was divided into male and female groups and exposed for 8 days in the laboratory to 50% concentrations of different produced waters: PW before treatment and after settling treatment. The fish were also exposed to lower concentrations (10%) of the same PW for 30 days. DNA damage was evaluated in erythrocytes by single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) and micronucleus test, while an oxidative stress biomarker, was assessed. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) metabolites in bile were also evaluated. A higher sensitivity in biomarker responses was found in females in comparison to males. An increase in DNA strand breaks was observed in both genders after 30 days exposure and a statistically significant increase of micronucleated cells was found in females after 8 days exposure. A positive correlation between presence of micronucleated cells and PAH metabolites in bile was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Caliani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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Terlizzi A, Bevilacqua S, Scuderi D, Fiorentino D, Guarnieri G, Giangrande A, Licciano M, Felline S, Fraschetti S. Effects of offshore platforms on soft-bottom macro-benthic assemblages: a case study in a Mediterranean gas field. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2008; 56:1303-1309. [PMID: 18547593 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The exploitation of fossil fuels in the Mediterranean Sea will likely lead to an increase in the number of offshore platforms, a recognized threat for marine biodiversity. To date, in this basin, few attempts have been made to assess the impact of offshore gas and oil platforms on the biodiversity of benthic assemblages. Here, we adopted a structured experimental design coupled with high taxonomic resolution to outline putative effects of gas platforms on soft-bottom macrofauna assemblages in the North Ionian Sea. The analysis was based on a total of 20,295 specimens of 405 taxa, almost entirely identified at species level. Multivariate and univariate analyses showed idiosyncratic patterns of assemblage change with increasing distance from the platforms. Potential reasons underlying such inconsistency are analyzed and the view that structured experimental monitoring is a crucial tool to quantify the extent and magnitude of potential threats and to provide sound baseline information on biodiversity patterns is supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Terlizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, CoNISMa, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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Zhu S, King SC, Haasch ML. Biomarker induction in tropical fish species on the Northwest Shelf of Australia by produced formation water. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2008; 65:315-324. [PMID: 18187187 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2007.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2006] [Revised: 06/24/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Normal operation of oil well platforms results in the discharge of produced formation water (PFW). The expression of CYP1A, CYP2M1- and 2K1-like proteins was examined for use as possible biomarkers of PFW exposure. A pilot study on the Northwest Shelf of Australia had indicated that PFW contamination possibly contributes to induction of CYP1A-like proteins in Gold-Spotted Trevally (Carangoides fulvoguttatus). The pilot study samples were re-examined for CYP1A, and, in addition, CYP2K1/2M1-like proteins. In a subsequent caged fish study in the same location a second species, Stripey seaperch (Lutjanus carponotatus), caught at a clean site, were distributed to three caging sites in a PFW gradient from the Harriet A production platform: A (near-field), B (far-field) and C (a non-impacted reference site). Fish were sampled at time (T) T = 0, T = 3 and T = 10 days. Significant increases of CYP1A, one CYP2K1- and two CYP2M1-like proteins were noted at Site A at T = 10d. For another CYP2K1-like protein, a significant increase was observed at Site A only at T = 3d. These results support a previous study indicating that CYP1A protein is sensitive to PFW exposure. Importantly, statistically significant environmental induction of both CYP2M1- and CYP2K1-like proteins in tropical fish due to PFW exposure had not previously been described and induction of enzymes in the CYP2 family suggest new biomarkers for PFW. In addition, the novel response of one CYP2K-like protein requires further verification, but offers promise for improved monitoring of sub-lethal responses in marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqian Zhu
- Environmental Toxicology Research Program, National Center for Natural Products Research, Pharmacology Department, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, United States
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Kaur V, Aulakh JS, Malik AK. A new approach for simultaneous determination of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Pd(II) using 2-thiophenaldehyde-3-thiosemicarbazone as reagent by solid phase microextraction–high performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 603:44-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2007] [Revised: 09/17/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Commendatore MG, Esteves JL. An assessment of oil pollution in the coastal zone of patagonia, Argentina. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2007; 40:814-821. [PMID: 17929085 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-005-0221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2005] [Accepted: 07/12/2006] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The Patagonian coast is considered a relatively pristine environment. However, studies conducted along coastal Patagonia have showed hydrocarbon pollution mostly concentrated at ports that have fishing, oil loading, general merchant, and/or tourist activities. A high value of total aliphatic hydrocarbons (TAH) was found at the Rawson fishing port (741 microg/g dw). In other ports with and without petroleum-related activities, hydrocarbon values were approximately 100 microg/g dw. The highest values for TAH and total aromatic hydrocarbons (TArH) were found in Faro Aristizábal, north of San Jorge gulf (1304 and 737 microg/g dw, respectively). This is very likely the result of petroleum-related activities at the Comodoro Rivadavia, Caleta Cordova, and Caleta Olivia ports located within this gulf. In other coastal areas away from potential anthropogenic sources, hydrocarbon values were less than 2 and 3 microg/g dw for TAH and TArH, respectively. This review of published and unpublished information suggests that ports are important oil pollution sources in the Patagonian coast. More detailed studies are needed to evaluate the area affected by port activities, to understand the mechanisms of hydrocarbon distribution in surrounding environments, and to assess bioaccumulation in marine organisms. Despite that some regulations exist to control oil pollution derived from port and docked vessel activities, new and stricter management guidelines should be implemented.
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Cappiello A, Famiglini G, Palma P, Pierini E, Trufelli H, Maggi C, Manfra L, Mannozzi M. Application of nano-FIA-Direct-EI-MS to determine diethylene glycol in produced formation water discharges and seawater samples. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 69:554-60. [PMID: 17499336 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2007] [Revised: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Diethylene glycol (DEG) is extensively used on offshore gas platforms to prevent the hydrate formation during the gas-water separation process and to inhibit corrosion events. This chemical might enter in the marine environment via the produced formation water (PFW) discharge. In this study, a new approach was applied to the investigation of the DEG content in PFW discharges and seawater samples from four gas installation platforms in the Adriatic Sea (Italy). The method includes an off-line solid-phase extraction/pre-concentration technique, followed by a nanoscale flow injection/direct-electron ionization (EI) mass spectrometric analysis. Direct-EI is a novel and miniaturized interface for directly coupling a liquid chromatograph with an electron ionization mass spectrometer. The capability to acquire EI spectra, and to operate in selected ion monitoring mode during actual sample analyses, allowed a precise quantification of DEG with a method limit of detection of 31microg/l. In addition, a careful evaluation of the matrix effect showed that, as opposed to electrospray ionization, the response of the Direct-EI interface was not affected by sample interferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achille Cappiello
- Istituto di Scienze Chimiche F. Bruner, Università di Urbino, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
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Manfra L, Moltedo G, Lamberti CV, Maggi C, Finoia MG, Giuliani S, Onorati F, Gabellini M, Di Mento R, Cicero AM. Metal content and toxicity of produced formation water (PFW): study of the possible effects of the discharge on marine environment. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2007; 53:183-90. [PMID: 17549537 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-006-0098-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Accepted: 11/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A preliminary chemical and ecotoxicological assessment was performed on the produced formation water (PFW) and superficial sediment around a gas platform (Fratello Cluster), located in the Adriatic Sea (Italy), in order to evaluate the effects of PFW discharged from the installation. The ecotoxicological bioassays, with the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri and the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, were associated with chemical data to estimate the possible effects on living organisms. PFW collected on the platform was toxic, but no significant effect was recorded on marine sediment. Only the sediment station nearest to the discharge point showed higher values of some contaminants (zinc and arsenic) in comparison to other sites and only some stations showed low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Manfra
- I.C.R.A.M., Central Institute for Marine Research, Via di Casalotti, 300 - 00166, Rome, Italy.
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Paixão JF, Nascimento IA, Pereira SA, Leite MBL, Carvalho GC, Silveira JSC, Rebouças M, Matias GRA, Rodrigues ILP. Estimating the gasoline components and formulations toxicity to microalgae (Tetraselmis chuii) and oyster (Crassostrea rhizophorae) embryos: an approach to minimize environmental pollution risk. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2007; 103:365-74. [PMID: 16930589 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2006.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2006] [Revised: 06/21/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Even though petrochemical contamination frequently occurs in the form of oil spills, it is thought that a greater danger to coastal habitats is posed by chronic petrochemical toxicity associated with urban run-off, in which gasoline water-soluble-fraction (WSF) plays an important role. The hypothesis of the entrepreneurs, who were associated to the scientists uncharged of this research, was that recycled petrochemical waste may provide different gasoline formulations, having different toxic properties; the correlation between the gasoline formulations and their components' toxicological effects might contribute to the reformulation of the products, in such a way that the gasoline generated could be less toxic and less harmful to the environment. The aim of this research was to determine the toxic effects of 14 different types of gasoline (formulated, in accordance with National Petroleum Agency standards, from petrochemical waste), on Tetraselmis chuii (microalgae culture) and Crassostrea rhizophorae (embryos). Microalgae and oyster embryos were exposed to different gasoline formulations water-soluble fractions (WSF) at a range of concentrations (0%, 4.6%, 10.0%, 22.0%, 46.0%, and 100%), for 96 and 24h, respectively. The tests were carried out under controlled conditions. End-points have been CI50-96h (concentration causing 50% growth inhibition in microalgae cultures) and EC50-24h (concentration causing abnormalities on 50% of the exposed embryos). Through these procedures, gasoline formulations, which represent the lowest environmental risk, were selected. Bioassays carried out on the 8 different gasoline components aimed to correlate gasoline toxicity with the toxic potential of its components. The analysis of principal components showed that the C9DI, a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons of 9 carbon atoms, had the highest level of toxic potential, followed by C9S (a mixture of aromatics with 9-11 carbon atoms) and heavy naphtha. The results showed gasoline formulations 1-4 (monoaromatic hydrocarbons being the most conspicuous components) to be the least toxic, whilst formulations 12-14 (having higher content of C9DI, C9S and naphtha) were found to be the most harmful to organisms. This study led to the identification of the most toxic WSF gasoline components (C9DI and C9S), and to the possibility of developing more eco-compatible gasoline formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Paixão
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
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Rojas-Avelizapa NG, Roldán-Carrillo T, Zegarra-Martínez H, Muñoz-Colunga AM, Fernández-Linares LC. A field trial for an ex-situ bioremediation of a drilling mud-polluted site. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 66:1595-600. [PMID: 16997351 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2006] [Revised: 08/03/2006] [Accepted: 08/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The remediation of drilling mud-polluted sites in the Southeast of Mexico is a top priority for Mexican oil industry. The objective of this work was to find a technology to remediate these sites. A field trial was performed by composting in biopiles, where four 1ton soil-biopiles were established, one treatment in triplicate and one unamended biopile. Amended biopiles were added with nutrients to get a C/N/P ratio of 100/3/0.5 plus a bulking agent (straw) at a soil/straw ratio of 97/3. Moisture content was maintained around 30-35%. Results showed that, after 180 d, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations decreased from 99300+/-23000mgTPHkg(-1) soil to 5500+/-770mgTPHkg(-1) for amended biopiles and to 22900+/-7800mgTPHkg(-1) for unamended biopile. An undisturbed soil control showed no change in TPH concentrations. Gas chromatographic analysis showed residual alkyl dibenzothiophene type compounds. Highest bacterial counts were observed during the first 30 d which correlated with highest TPH removal, whereas fungal count increased at the end of the experimentation period. Results suggested an important role of the straw, nutrient addition and water content in stimulating aerobic microbial activity and thus hydrocarbon removal. This finding opens an opportunity to remediate old polluted sites with recalcitrant and high TPH concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Rojas-Avelizapa
- Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas 152, Col. San Bartolo Atepehuacan, 07360 México D.F., Mexico.
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Kröger S, Law RJ. Biosensors for marine applications. We all need the sea, but does the sea need biosensors? Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 20:1903-13. [PMID: 15741057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2004] [Revised: 08/12/2004] [Accepted: 08/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the paper is to explain the rationale behind marine biosensor applications, give an overview of measurement strategies currently employed, summarise some of the relevant available biosensor technology as well as instrumentation requirements for marine sensors and attempt a forward look at what the future might hold in terms of needs and developments. Application areas considered are eutrophication, organism detection, food safety, pollutants, trace metals and ecotoxicology. The drivers for many of these studies are discussed and the policy environment for current and future measurements is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Kröger
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, CEFAS Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK.
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GILL ANDREWB. Offshore renewable energy: ecological implications of generating electricity in the coastal zone. J Appl Ecol 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rojas-Avelizapa N, Olvera-Barrera E, Fernández-Linares L. Feasibility study of bioremediation of a drilling-waste-polluted soil: stimulation of microbial activities and hydrocarbon removal. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2005; 40:2189-201. [PMID: 16319017 DOI: 10.1080/10934520500234692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of bioremediation as a treatment option for an aged and chronically polluted drilling waste soil located at the Southeast of Mexico. The polluted drilling-waste site with a mean total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration (TPHs) of 39,397 +/- 858 mg/kg was treated with one dose of a nutrient-surfactant commercial product at 40 mg/kg soil and two doses of H2O2 (50 and 100 mg H2O2/kg soil). In this study, the parameters that were monitored include soil respiration, heterotrophic and hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria as biological indicators, catalase and dehydrogenase activities, and TPHs degradation as decontamination parameters. The results demonstrated that the microbial activities can be stimulated in a polluted drilling-waste site by the addition of H2O2 and commercial product, thereby resulting in increasing TPHs degradation. These aspects must be taken into account when biodegradation studies involve the application of a commercial product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Rojas-Avelizapa
- Programa de Biotecnología del Petróleo, Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, México, D.F., México.
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