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Rahman SN, Imhaouran F, Leurs R, Christopoulos A, Valant C, Langmead CJ. Ligand-directed biased agonism at human histamine H 3 receptor isoforms across Gα i/o- and β-arrestin2-mediated pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 228:115988. [PMID: 38159685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The histamine H3 receptor (H3R) is a neurotransmitter receptor that is primarily found in the brain, where it controls the release and synthesis of histamine, as well as the release of other neurotransmitters (e.g. dopamine, serotonin). Notably, 20 H3R isoforms are differentially expressed in the human brain as a consequence of alternative gene splicing. The hH3R-445, -415, -365 and -329 isoforms contain the prototypical GPCR (7TM) structure, yet exhibit deletions in the third intracellular loop, a structural domain that is pivotal for G protein-coupling, signaling and regulation. To date, the physiological relevance underlying the individual and combinatorial function of hH3R isoforms remains poorly understood. Nevertheless, given their significant implication in physiological processes (e.g. cognition, homeostasis) and neurological disorders (e.g. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia), widespread targeting of hH3R isoforms by drugs may lead to on-target side effects in brain regions that are unaffected by disease. To this end, isoform- and/or pathway-selective targeting of hH3R isoforms by biased agonists could be of therapeutic relevance for the development of region- and disease-specific drugs. Hence, we have evaluated ligand biased signaling at the hH3R-445, -415, -365 and -329 isoforms across various Gαi/o-mediated (i.e. [35S]GTPγS accumulation, cAMP inhibition, pERK1/2 activation, pAKT T308/S473 activation) and non Gαi/o-mediated (i.e. β-arrestin2 recruitment) endpoints that are relevant to neurological diseases. Our findings indicate that H3R agonists display significantly altered patterns in their degree of ligand bias, in a pathway- and isoform-dependent manner, underlining the significance to investigate GPCRs with multiple isoforms to improve development of selective drugs. SUBJECT CATEGORY: Neuropharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina N Rahman
- Drug Discovery Biology and Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, 3052 VIC, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia; Amsterdam Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Faissal Imhaouran
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Leurs
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology and Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, 3052 VIC, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Céline Valant
- Drug Discovery Biology and Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, 3052 VIC, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Christopher J Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology and Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, 3052 VIC, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
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2
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Benoy A, Ramaswamy S. Histamine in the neocortex: Towards integrating multiscale effectors. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:4597-4623. [PMID: 39032115 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Histamine is a modulatory neurotransmitter, which has received relatively less attention in the central nervous system than other neurotransmitters. The functional role of histamine in the neocortex, the brain region that controls higher-order cognitive functions such as attention, learning and memory, remains largely unknown. This article focuses on the emerging roles and mechanisms of histamine release in the neocortex. We describe gaps in current knowledge and propose the application of interdisciplinary tools to dissect the detailed multiscale functional logic of histaminergic action in the neocortex ranging from sub-cellular, cellular, dendritic and synaptic levels to microcircuits and mesoscale effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Benoy
- Neural Circuits Laboratory, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Srikanth Ramaswamy
- Neural Circuits Laboratory, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- Theoretical Sciences Visiting Program (TSVP), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Japan
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3
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Gao M, Ooms JF, Leurs R, Vischer HF. Histamine H 3 Receptor Isoforms: Insights from Alternative Splicing to Functional Complexity. Biomolecules 2024; 14:761. [PMID: 39062475 PMCID: PMC11274711 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing significantly enhances the diversity of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, including the histamine H3 receptor (H3R). This post-transcriptional modification generates multiple H3R isoforms with potentially distinct pharmacological and physiological profiles. H3R is primarily involved in the presynaptic inhibition of neurotransmitter release in the central nervous system. Despite the approval of pitolisant for narcolepsy (Wakix®) and daytime sleepiness in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (Ozawade®) and ongoing clinical trials for other H3R antagonists/inverse agonists, the functional significance of the numerous H3R isoforms remains largely enigmatic. Recent publicly available RNA sequencing data have confirmed the expression of multiple H3R isoforms in the brain, with some isoforms exhibiting unique tissue-specific distribution patterns hinting at isoform-specific functions and interactions within neural circuits. In this review, we discuss the complexity of H3R isoforms with a focus on their potential roles in central nervous system (CNS) function. Comparative analysis across species highlights evolutionary conservation and divergence in H3R splicing, suggesting species-specific regulatory mechanisms. Understanding the functionality of H3R isoforms is crucial for the development of targeted therapeutics. This knowledge will inform the design of more precise pharmacological interventions, potentially enhancing therapeutic efficacy and reducing adverse effects in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Henry F. Vischer
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (J.F.O.); (R.L.)
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4
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Gao M, Dekker ME, Leurs R, Vischer HF. Pharmacological characterization of seven human histamine H 3 receptor isoforms. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 968:176450. [PMID: 38387718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The histamine H3 receptor (H3R) regulates as a presynaptic G protein-coupled receptor the release of histamine and other neurotransmitters in the brain, and is consequently a potential therapeutic target for neuronal disorders. The human H3R encodes for seven splice variants that vary in the length of intracellular loop 3 and/or the C-terminal tail but are all able to induce heterotrimeric Gi protein signaling. The last two decades H3R drug discovery and lead optimization has been exclusively focused on the 445 amino acids-long reference isoform H3R-445. In this study, we pharmacologically characterized for the first time all seven H3R isoforms by determining their binding affinities for reference histamine H3 receptor agonists and inverse agonists. The H3R-453, H3R-415, and H3R-413 isoforms display similar binding affinities for all ligands as the H3R-445. However, increased agonist binding affinities were observed for the three shorter isoforms H3R-329, H3R-365, and H3R-373, whereas inverse agonists such as the approved anti-narcolepsy drug pitolisant (Wakix®) displayed significantly decreased binding affinities for the latter two isoforms. This opposite change in binding affinity of agonist versus inverse agonists on H3R-365 and H3R-373 is associated with their higher constitutive activity in a cAMP biosensor assay as compared to the other five isoforms. The observed differences in pharmacology between longer and shorter H3R isoforms should be considered in future drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichun Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mabel E Dekker
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rob Leurs
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Henry F Vischer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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5
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Rahman SN, McNaught-Flores DA, Huppelschoten Y, da Costa Pereira D, Christopoulos A, Leurs R, Langmead CJ. Structural and Molecular Determinants for Isoform Bias at Human Histamine H 3 Receptor Isoforms. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:645-656. [PMID: 36702158 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The human histamine H3 receptor (hH3R) is predominantly expressed in the CNS, where it regulates the synthesis and release of histamine and other neurotransmitters. Due to its neuromodulatory role, the hH3R has been associated with various CNS disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Markedly, the hH3R gene undergoes extensive splicing, resulting in 20 isoforms, of which 7TM isoforms exhibit variations in the intracellular loop 3 (IL3) and/or C-terminal tail. Particularly, hH3R isoforms that display variations in IL3 (e.g., hH3R-365) are shown to differentially signal via Gαi-dependent pathways upon binding of biased agonists (e.g., immepip, proxifan, imetit). Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying biased agonism at hH3R isoforms remain unknown. Using a structure-function relationship study with a broad range of H3R agonists, we thereby explored determinants underlying isoform bias at hH3R isoforms that exhibit variations in IL3 (i.e., hH3R-445, -415, -365, and -329) in a Gαi-dependent pathway (cAMP inhibition). Hence, we systematically characterized hH3R isoforms on isoform bias by comparing various ligand properties (i.e., structural and molecular) to the degree of isoform bias. Importantly, our study provides novel insights into the structural and molecular basis of receptor isoform bias, highlighting the importance to study GPCRs with multiple isoforms to better tailor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina N Rahman
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZAmsterdam, The Netherlands.,Drug Discovery Biology and Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, 3052VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel A McNaught-Flores
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yara Huppelschoten
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel da Costa Pereira
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology and Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, 3052VIC, Australia
| | - Rob Leurs
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher J Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology and Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, 3052VIC, Australia
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Díaz NF, Flores-Herrera H, García-López G, Molina-Hernández A. Central Histamine, the H3-Receptor and Obesity Therapy. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2019; 18:516-522. [DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190703094846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The brain histaminergic system plays a pivotal role in energy homeostasis, through H1-
receptor activation, it increases the hypothalamic release of histamine that decreases food intake and
reduces body weight. One way to increase the release of hypothalamic histamine is through the use of
antagonist/inverse agonist for the H3-receptor. Histamine H3-receptors are auto-receptors and heteroreceptors
located on the presynaptic membranes and cell soma of neurons, where they negatively regulate
the synthesis and release of histamine and other neurotransmitters in the central nervous system.
Although several compounds acting as H3-receptor antagonist/inverse agonists have been developed,
conflicting results have been reported and only one has been tested as anti-obesity in humans. Animal
studies revealed the opposite effect in food intake, energy expeditor, and body weight, depending on
the drug, spice, and route of administration, among others. The present review will explore the state of
art on the effects of H3-receptor ligands on appetite and body-weight, going through the following: a
brief overview of the circuit involved in the control of food intake and energy homeostasis, the participation
of the histaminergic system in food intake and body weight, and the H3-receptor as a potential
therapeutic target for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor F. Díaz
- Departamento de Fisiologia y Desarrollo Celular, Laboratorio de Investigacion en Celulas Troncales y Biologia del Desarrollo, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Miguel Hidalgo, 11000 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Héctor Flores-Herrera
- Departamento de Inmunobioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Miguel Hidalgo, 11000 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe García-López
- Departamento de Fisiologia y Desarrollo Celular, Laboratorio de Investigacion en Celulas Troncales y Biologia del Desarrollo, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Miguel Hidalgo, 11000 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Anayansi Molina-Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiologia y Desarrollo Celular, Laboratorio de Investigacion en Celulas Troncales y Biologia del Desarrollo, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia "Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes", Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Miguel Hidalgo, 11000 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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7
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Nieto-Alamilla G, Escamilla-Sánchez J, López-Méndez MC, Molina-Hernández A, Guerrero-Hernández A, Arias-Montaño JA. Differential expression and signaling of the human histamine H 3 receptor isoforms of 445 and 365 amino acids expressed in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2018; 38:141-150. [PMID: 29557708 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2018.1448995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In stably-transfected human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, we have compared the effect of activating two isoforms of 445 and 365 amino acids of the human histamine H3 receptor (hH3R445 and hH3R365) on [35S]-GTPγS binding, forskolin-induced cAMP formation, depolarization-induced increase in the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ ions ([Ca2+]i) and depolarization-evoked [3 H]-dopamine release. Maximal specific binding (Bmax) of [3 H]-N-methyl-histamine to cell membranes was 953 ± 204 and 555 ± 140 fmol/mg protein for SH-SY5Y-hH3R445 and SH-SY5Y-hH3R365 cells, respectively, with similar dissociation constants (Kd, 0.86 nM and 0.81 nM). The mRNA of the hH3R365 isoform was 40.9 ± 7.9% of the hH3R445 isoform. No differences in receptor affinity were found for the H3R ligands histamine, immepip, (R)(-)-α-methylhistamine (RAMH), A-331440, clobenpropit and ciproxifan. Both the stimulation of [35S]-GTPγS binding and the inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation by the agonist RAMH were significantly larger in SH-SY5Y-hH3R445 cells ([35S]-GTPγS binding, 158.1 ± 7.5% versus 136.5 ± 3.6% for SH-SY5Y-hH3R365 cells; cAMP accumulation, -74.0 ± 4.9% versus -43.5 ± 5.3%), with no significant effect on agonist potency. In contrast, there were no differences in the efficacy and potency of RAMH to inhibit [3 H]-dopamine release evoked by 100 mM K+ (-18.9 ± 3.0% and -20.5 ± 3.3%, for SH-SY5Y-hH3R445 and SH-SY5Y-hH3R365 cells), or the inhibition of depolarization-induced increase in [Ca2+]i (S2/S1 ratios: parental cells 0.967 ± 0.069, SH-SY5Y-hH3R445 cells 0.639 ± 0.049, SH-SY5Y-hH3R365 cells 0.737 ± 0.045). These results indicate that in SH-SY5Y cells, hH3R445 and hH3R365 isoforms regulate in a differential manner the signaling pathways triggered by receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Nieto-Alamilla
- a Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias , Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN , Ciudad de México , México
| | - Juan Escamilla-Sánchez
- a Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias , Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN , Ciudad de México , México
| | - María-Cristina López-Méndez
- b Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN , Ciudad de México , México
| | - Anayansi Molina-Hernández
- c Departamento de Biología Celular , Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes , Ciudad de México , México
| | - Agustín Guerrero-Hernández
- b Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN , Ciudad de México , México
| | - José-Antonio Arias-Montaño
- a Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias , Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN , Ciudad de México , México
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8
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Differential homologous desensitization of the human histamine H 3 receptors of 445 and 365 amino acids expressed in CHO-K1 cells. Neurochem Int 2018; 112:114-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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9
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Identification of Histamine H 3 Receptor Ligands Using a New Crystal Structure Fragment-based Method. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4829. [PMID: 28684785 PMCID: PMC5500575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05058-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Virtual screening offers an efficient alternative to high-throughput screening in the identification of pharmacological tools and lead compounds. Virtual screening is typically based on the matching of target structures or ligand pharmacophores to commercial or in-house compound catalogues. This study provides the first proof-of-concept for our recently reported method where pharmacophores are instead constructed based on the inference of residue-ligand fragments from crystal structures. We demonstrate its unique utility for G protein-coupled receptors, which represent the largest families of human membrane proteins and drug targets. We identified five neutral antagonists and one inverse agonist for the histamine H3 receptor with potencies of 0.7-8.5 μM in a recombinant receptor cell-based inositol phosphate accumulation assay and validated their activity using a radioligand competition binding assay. H3 receptor antagonism is of large therapeutic value and our ligands could serve as starting points for further lead optimisation. The six ligands exhibit four chemical scaffolds, whereof three have high novelty in comparison to the known H3 receptor ligands in the ChEMBL database. The complete pharmacophore fragment library is freely available through the GPCR database, GPCRdb, allowing the successful application herein to be repeated for most of the 285 class A GPCR targets. The method could also easily be adapted to other protein families.
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10
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Riddy DM, Cook AE, Diepenhorst NA, Bosnyak S, Brady R, Mannoury la Cour C, Mocaer E, Summers RJ, Charman WN, Sexton PM, Christopoulos A, Langmead CJ. Isoform-Specific Biased Agonism of Histamine H3 Receptor Agonists. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 91:87-99. [PMID: 27864425 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.106153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human histamine H3 receptor (hH3R) is subject to extensive gene splicing that gives rise to a large number of functional and nonfunctional isoforms. Despite the general acceptance that G protein-coupled receptors can adopt different ligand-induced conformations that give rise to biased signaling, this has not been studied for the H3R; further, it is unknown whether splice variants of the same receptor engender the same or differential biased signaling. Herein, we profiled the pharmacology of histamine receptor agonists at the two most abundant hH3R splice variants (hH3R445 and hH3R365) across seven signaling endpoints. Both isoforms engender biased signaling, notably for 4-[3-(benzyloxy)propyl]-1H-imidazole (proxyfan) [e.g., strong bias toward phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) via the full-length receptor] and its congener 3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propyl-(4-iodophenyl)-methyl ether (iodoproxyfan), which are strongly consistent with the former's designation as a "protean" agonist. The 80 amino acid IL3 deleted isoform hH3R365 is more permissive in its signaling than hH3R445: 2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl imidothiocarbamate (imetit), proxyfan, and iodoproxyfan were all markedly biased away from calcium signaling, and principal component analysis of the full data set revealed divergent profiles for all five agonists. However, most interesting was the identification of differential biased signaling between the two isoforms. Strikingly, hH3R365 was completely unable to stimulate GSK3β phosphorylation, an endpoint robustly activated by the full-length receptor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first quantitative example of differential biased signaling via isoforms of the same G protein-coupled receptor that are simultaneously expressed in vivo and gives rise to the possibility of selective pharmacological targeting of individual receptor splice variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren M Riddy
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Anna E Cook
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Natalie A Diepenhorst
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Sanja Bosnyak
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Ryan Brady
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Clotilde Mannoury la Cour
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Elisabeth Mocaer
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Roger J Summers
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - William N Charman
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
| | - Christopher J Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (D.M.R., A.E.C., N.A.D., S.B., R.B., R.J.S., W.N.C., P.M.S., A.C., C.J.L.); and Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France (C.M.C., E.M.)
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11
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Nieto-Alamilla G, Márquez-Gómez R, García-Gálvez AM, Morales-Figueroa GE, Arias-Montaño JA. The Histamine H3 Receptor: Structure, Pharmacology, and Function. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:649-673. [PMID: 27563055 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.104752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the four G protein-coupled receptors (H1-H4) identified as mediators of the biologic effects of histamine, the H3 receptor (H3R) is distinguished for its almost exclusive expression in the nervous system and the large variety of isoforms generated by alternative splicing of the corresponding mRNA. Additionally, it exhibits dual functionality as autoreceptor and heteroreceptor, and this enables H3Rs to modulate the histaminergic and other neurotransmitter systems. The cloning of the H3R cDNA in 1999 by Lovenberg et al. allowed for detailed studies of its molecular aspects. In this work, we review the characteristics of the H3R, namely, its structure, constitutive activity, isoforms, signal transduction pathways, regional differences in expression and localization, selective agonists, antagonists and inverse agonists, dimerization with other neurotransmitter receptors, and the main presynaptic and postsynaptic effects resulting from its activation. The H3R has attracted interest as a potential drug target for the treatment of several important neurologic and psychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Nieto-Alamilla
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav-IPN), Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ricardo Márquez-Gómez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav-IPN), Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ana-Maricela García-Gálvez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav-IPN), Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Guadalupe-Elide Morales-Figueroa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav-IPN), Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José-Antonio Arias-Montaño
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav-IPN), Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, México
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12
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Panula P, Chazot PL, Cowart M, Gutzmer R, Leurs R, Liu WLS, Stark H, Thurmond RL, Haas HL. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCVIII. Histamine Receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 67:601-55. [PMID: 26084539 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine is a developmentally highly conserved autacoid found in most vertebrate tissues. Its physiological functions are mediated by four 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors (H1R, H2R, H3R, H4R) that are all targets of pharmacological intervention. The receptors display molecular heterogeneity and constitutive activity. H1R antagonists are long known antiallergic and sedating drugs, whereas the H2R was identified in the 1970s and led to the development of H2R-antagonists that revolutionized stomach ulcer treatment. The crystal structure of ligand-bound H1R has rendered it possible to design new ligands with novel properties. The H3R is an autoreceptor and heteroreceptor providing negative feedback on histaminergic and inhibition on other neurons. A block of these actions promotes waking. The H4R occurs on immuncompetent cells and the development of anti-inflammatory drugs is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pertti Panula
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Paul L Chazot
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Marlon Cowart
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Ralf Gutzmer
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Rob Leurs
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Wai L S Liu
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Holger Stark
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Robin L Thurmond
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Helmut L Haas
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
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13
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Mocking TAM, Bosma R, Rahman SN, Verweij EWE, McNaught-Flores DA, Vischer HF, Leurs R. Molecular Aspects of Histamine Receptors. HISTAMINE RECEPTORS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40308-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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14
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Abstract
Histamine is one of the best-characterized pruritogens in humans. It is known to play a role in pruritus associated with urticaria as well as ocular and nasal allergic reactions. Histamine mediates its effect via four receptors. Antihistamines that block the activation of the histamine H₁receptor, H₁R, have been shown to be effective therapeutics for the treatment of pruritus associated with urticaria, allergic rhinitis, and allergic conjunctivitis. However, their efficacy in other pruritic diseases such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis is limited. The other histamine receptors may also play a role in pruritus, with the exception of the histamine H₂receptor, H₂R. Preclinical evidence indicates that local antagonism of the histamine H₃receptor, H₃R, can induce scratching perhaps via blocking inhibitory neuronal signals. The histamine H₄receptor, H₄R, has received a significant amount of attention as to its role in mediating pruritic signals. Indeed, it has now been shown that a selective H₄R antagonist can inhibit histamine-induced itch in humans. This clinical result, in conjunction with efficacy in various preclinical pruritus models, points to the therapeutic potential of H₄R antagonists for the treatment of pruritus not controlled by antihistamines that target the H₁R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L Thurmond
- Janssen Research and Development, L.L.C., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA,
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15
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Brown DG, Bernstein PR, Griffin A, Wesolowski S, Labrecque D, Tremblay MC, Sylvester M, Mauger R, Edwards PD, Throner SR, Folmer JJ, Cacciola J, Scott C, Lazor LA, Pourashraf M, Santhakumar V, Potts WM, Sydserff S, Giguère P, Lévesque C, Dasser M, Groblewski T. Discovery of Spirofused Piperazine and Diazepane Amides as Selective Histamine-3 Antagonists with in Vivo Efficacy in a Mouse Model of Cognition. J Med Chem 2014; 57:733-58. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4014828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dean G. Brown
- AstraZeneca CNS Discovery Research, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington, Delaware 19850, United States
| | - Peter R. Bernstein
- AstraZeneca CNS Discovery Research, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington, Delaware 19850, United States
| | - Andrew Griffin
- AstraZeneca Montréal, 7171
Frédérick-Banting, Montréal, Québec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Steve Wesolowski
- AstraZeneca CNS Discovery Research, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington, Delaware 19850, United States
| | - Denis Labrecque
- AstraZeneca Montréal, 7171
Frédérick-Banting, Montréal, Québec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Maxime C. Tremblay
- AstraZeneca Montréal, 7171
Frédérick-Banting, Montréal, Québec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Mark Sylvester
- AstraZeneca CNS Discovery Research, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington, Delaware 19850, United States
| | - Russell Mauger
- AstraZeneca CNS Discovery Research, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington, Delaware 19850, United States
| | - Phillip D. Edwards
- AstraZeneca CNS Discovery Research, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington, Delaware 19850, United States
| | - Scott R. Throner
- AstraZeneca CNS Discovery Research, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington, Delaware 19850, United States
| | - James J. Folmer
- AstraZeneca CNS Discovery Research, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington, Delaware 19850, United States
| | - Joseph Cacciola
- AstraZeneca CNS Discovery Research, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington, Delaware 19850, United States
| | - Clay Scott
- AstraZeneca CNS Discovery Research, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington, Delaware 19850, United States
| | - Lois A. Lazor
- AstraZeneca CNS Discovery Research, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington, Delaware 19850, United States
| | - Mehrnaz Pourashraf
- AstraZeneca CNS Discovery Research, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington, Delaware 19850, United States
| | - Vijayaratnam Santhakumar
- AstraZeneca CNS Discovery Research, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington, Delaware 19850, United States
| | - William M. Potts
- AstraZeneca CNS Discovery Research, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington, Delaware 19850, United States
| | - Simon Sydserff
- AstraZeneca CNS Discovery Research, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington, Delaware 19850, United States
| | - Pascall Giguère
- OmegaChem, 480 Rue Perreault, Saint-Romuald, Québec G6W 7 V6, Canada
| | - Carine Lévesque
- OmegaChem, 480 Rue Perreault, Saint-Romuald, Québec G6W 7 V6, Canada
| | - Mohammed Dasser
- OmegaChem, 480 Rue Perreault, Saint-Romuald, Québec G6W 7 V6, Canada
| | - Thierry Groblewski
- AstraZeneca Montréal, 7171
Frédérick-Banting, Montréal, Québec H4S 1Z9, Canada
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16
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Del Tredici AL, Ma JN, Piu F, Burstein ES. Identification of the antiarrhythmic drugs amiodarone and lorcainide as potent H3 histamine receptor inverse agonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 348:116-24. [PMID: 24204014 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.208892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of molecular pharmacology to reprofile older drugs discovered before the advent of recombinant technologies is a fruitful method to elucidate mechanisms of drug action, expand understanding of structure-activity relationships between drugs and receptors, and in some cases, repurpose approved drugs. The H3 histamine receptor is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) primarily expressed in the central nervous system where among many things it modulates cognitive processes, nociception, feeding and drinking behavior, and sleep/wakefulness. In binding assays and functional screens of the H3 histamine receptor, the antiarrhythmic drugs lorcainide and amiodarone were identified as potent, selective antagonists/inverse agonists of human and rat H3 histamine receptors, with relatively little or no activity at over 20 other monoamine GPCRs, including H1, H2, and H4 receptors. Potent antagonism of H3 receptors was unique to amiodarone and lorcainide of 20 antiarrhythmic drugs tested, representing six pharmacological classes. These results expand the pharmacophore of H3 histamine receptor antagonist/inverse agonists and may explain, in part, the effects of lorcainide on sleep in humans.
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17
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Krementsov DN, Wall EH, Martin RA, Subramanian M, Noubade R, Rio RD, Mawe GM, Bond JP, Poynter ME, Blankenhorn EP, Teuscher C. Histamine H(3) receptor integrates peripheral inflammatory signals in the neurogenic control of immune responses and autoimmune disease susceptibility. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62743. [PMID: 23894272 PMCID: PMC3718788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine H3 receptor (Hrh3/H3R) is primarily expressed by neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) where it functions as a presynaptic inhibitory autoreceptor and heteroreceptor. Previously, we identified an H3R-mediated central component in susceptibility to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), the principal autoimmune model of multiple sclerosis (MS), related to neurogenic control of blood brain barrier permeability and peripheral T cell effector responses. Furthermore, we identified Hrh3 as a positional candidate for the EAE susceptibility locus Eae8. Here, we characterize Hrh3 polymorphisms between EAE-susceptible and resistant SJL and B10.S mice, respectively, and show that Hrh3 isoform expression in the CNS is differentially regulated by acute peripheral inflammatory stimuli in an allele-specific fashion. Next, we show that Hrh3 is not expressed in any subpopulations of the immune compartment, and that secondary lymphoid tissue is anatomically poised to be regulated by central H3R signaling. Accordingly, using transcriptome analysis, we show that, inflammatory stimuli elicit unique transcriptional profiles in the lymph nodes of H3RKO mice compared to WT mice, which is indicative of negative regulation of peripheral immune responses by central H3R signaling. These results further support a functional link between the neurogenic control of T cell responses and susceptibility to CNS autoimmune disease coincident with acute and/or chronic peripheral inflammation. Pharmacological targeting of H3R may therefore be useful in preventing the development and formation of new lesions in MS, thereby limiting disease progression.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Central Nervous System/immunology
- Central Nervous System/metabolism
- Central Nervous System/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
- Hematopoiesis/genetics
- Hematopoiesis/immunology
- Humans
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/pathology
- Intracellular Space/metabolism
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Protein Isoforms/chemistry
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptors, Histamine H3/chemistry
- Receptors, Histamine H3/genetics
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry N. Krementsov
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Emma H. Wall
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Rebecca A. Martin
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Meenakumari Subramanian
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Rajkumar Noubade
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Roxana Del Rio
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Gary M. Mawe
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey P. Bond
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Matthew E. Poynter
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth P. Blankenhorn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Cory Teuscher
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by beta-amyloid plaques accumulation and cognitive impairment. Both environmental factors and heritable predisposition have a role in AD. Histamine is a biogenic monoamine that plays a role in several physiological functions, including induction of inflammatory reactions, wound healing, and regeneration. The Histamine mediates its functions via its 4 G-protein-coupled Histamine H1 receptor (H1R) to histamine H1 receptor (H4R). The histaminergic system has a role in the treatment of brain disorders by the development of histamine receptor agonists, antagonists. The H1R and H4R are responsible for allergic inflammation. But recent studies show that histamine antagonists against H3R and regulation of H2R can be more efficient in AD therapy. In this review, we focus on the role of histamine and its receptors in the treatment of AD, and we hope that histamine could be an effective therapeutic factor in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Naddafi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Therapeutic potential of histaminergic compounds in the treatment of addiction and drug-related cognitive disorders. Behav Brain Res 2013; 237:357-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Gbahou F, Rouleau A, Arrang JM. The histamine autoreceptor is a short isoform of the H₃ receptor. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:1860-71. [PMID: 22356432 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01913.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The histamine H(3) receptor was identified as the autoreceptor of brain histaminergic neurons. After its cloning, functional H(3) receptor isoforms generated by a deletion in the third intracellular loop were found in the brain. Here, we determined if this autoreceptor was the long or the short isoform. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We hypothesized that the deletion would affect H(3) receptor stereoselectivity. The effects of the enantiomers of two chiral ligands, N(α)-methyl-α-chloromethylhistamine (N(α) Me-αClMeHA) and sopromidine, were investigated on cAMP formation at the H(3(445)) and H(3(413)) receptor isoforms, common to all species. They were further compared with their effects at autoreceptors. They were also compared on [(35)S]GTPγ[S] binding to membranes of rat cerebral cortex, striatum and hypothalamus, the richest area in autoreceptors. KEY RESULTS The stereoselectivity of N(α) Me-αClMeHA enantiomers as agonists was similar at the H(3(413)) receptor isoform and autoreceptors, but lower at the long isoform. While (S) sopromidine did not discriminate between the isoforms, (R) sopromidine was an antagonist at the H(3(413)) receptor isoform and autoreceptors, but a full agonist at the long isoform. In rat brain, stereoselectivity of N(α) Me-αClMeHA was higher in the hypothalamus than in cerebral cortex or striatum, whereas the opposite pattern was found for sopromidine. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The pharmacological profiles of H(3) receptor isoforms differed markedly, showing that the function of autoreceptors was fulfilled by a short isoform, such as the H(3(413)) receptor. Development of drugs selectively targeting autoreceptors might enhance their therapeutic efficacy and/or decrease incidence of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gbahou
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (CPN, U 894), INSERM, Paris, France
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21
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Humbert-Claude M, Davenas E, Gbahou F, Vincent L, Arrang JM. Involvement of histamine receptors in the atypical antipsychotic profile of clozapine: a reassessment in vitro and in vivo. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 220:225-41. [PMID: 21912901 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2471-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The basis of the unique clinical profile of the antipsychotic clozapine is not yet elucidated. Brain histamine receptors may play a role in schizophrenia and its treatment, but their involvement in the profile of clozapine remained unknown. OBJECTIVES We explored the properties of clozapine and its two metabolites, N-desmethylclozapine (NDMC) and clozapine N-oxide, at the four human histaminergic receptors. We compared their active concentrations with their blood concentrations in patients treated by clozapine. We investigated the changes in receptor densities induced in rat brain by repeated administration of a therapeutic dose of clozapine. RESULTS Clozapine and NDMC behaved as very potent, and partial, H(1)-receptor inverse agonists, weak, and full, H(2)-receptor inverse agonists, moderate, and protean, H(3)-receptor agonists, and moderate, and partial, H(4)-receptor agonists. Taking into account their micromolar mean blood concentrations found in 75 treated patients, and assuming that they are enriched in human brain as they are in rat brain, a full occupation of H(1)-, H(3)-, and H(4)-receptors, and a partial occupation of H(2) receptors, is expected. In agreement, repeated administration of clozapine at a therapeutic dose (20 mg/kg/day for 20 days) induced an up-regulation of H(1)- and H(2)-receptors in rat brain. CONCLUSIONS Clozapine and its active metabolite NDMC interact with the four human histamine receptors at clinically relevant concentrations. This interaction may substantiate, at least in part, the atypical antipsychotic profile of clozapine, as well as its central and peripheral side effects such as sedation and weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Humbert-Claude
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (CPN, U 894), INSERM, 2 ter rue d'Alésia, 75014 Paris, France
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Millán-Guerrero RO, Baltazar-Rodríguez LM, Cárdenas-Rojas MI, Ramírez-Flores M, Isais-Millán S, Delgado-Enciso I, Caballero-Hoyos R, Trujillo-Hernández B. A280V polymorphism in the histamine H3 receptor as a risk factor for migraine. Arch Med Res 2011; 42:44-7. [PMID: 21376262 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Activation of histamine H3 receptors blocks the release of peptides responsible for headache. Our objective was to investigate the association between the genotypes of A280V polymorphism in the H3 receptor and migraine risk. METHODS We evaluated the frequency of the genotypes of A280V, polymorphism A280V and allelic variants of H3 receptor in 147 migraine patients and 186 healthy controls using a PCR-RLFP method. RESULTS V allele frequency was 6.46% and 2.68% for the cases and controls, respectively (p = 0.02) (OR 2.67; 95% CI 1.20-5.93). The frequency of V/V + V/A genotypes was 12.92% in migraine patients, significantly higher when compared to the 3.22% frequency in the control group (p = 0.001) (OR 4.45; 95% CI 1.7-11.46). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that V-allele genotypes in the H3 receptor gene are related to migraine risk in the Mexican population. We propose the hypothesis that the V-allele genotypes in the H3 receptor gene increase the population of inactive receptors, enhancing the inhibition of the negative feedback mechanism on the H3 receptor and increasing histamine release, which correlates with migraine attacks in susceptible patients. The case-control study reinforces the role of histamine in migraine pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca O Millán-Guerrero
- Department of Neurology, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital General de Zona UMF No. 1 IMSS, Colima, México.
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23
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Histamine and histamine receptors in pathogenesis and treatment of multiple sclerosis. Neuropharmacology 2010; 59:180-9. [PMID: 20493888 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 05/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease associated with chronic inflammatory demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS). Due to disease complexity and heterogeneity, its pathogenesis remains unknown and despite extensive studies, specific effective treatments have not yet been developed. The factors behind the initiation of the inflammatory reactions in CNS have not been identified until now. MS is considered as a complex disease depending on genetic as well as environmental factors. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the preferential experimental rodent model for MS. Histamine [2-(4-imidazole) ethylamine] is a ubiquitous inflammatory mediator of diverse physiological processes including neurotransmission, secretion of pituitary hormones, and regulation of the gastrointestinal and circulatory systems which can modulate immune responses. Histamine functions are mediated through four G-protein coupled receptors that are named H1-H4 receptor. Histamine is implicated as an important factor in pathophysiology of MS and EAE. It has been shown that histamine can change the permeability of blood brain barrier, which leads to elevation of infiltrated cells in CNS and neuroinflammation. In contrast, there are evidence that show the protective role of histamine in MS and its animal model, EAE. In this review, we try to clarify the role of histamine in pathogenesis of MS, as well as we evaluate the efficacy of histamine receptors agonists and antagonists in treatment of this disease.
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Scatton B. Le processus de découverte du médicament dans l'industrie pharmaceutique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 203:249-69. [DOI: 10.1051/jbio:2009030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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25
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Ding W, Lin L, Ren F, Zou H, Duan Z, Dai J. Effects of splice sites on the intron retention in histamine H3 receptors from rats and mice. J Genet Genomics 2009; 36:475-82. [PMID: 19683670 DOI: 10.1016/s1673-8527(08)60137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the alternative splicing, intron retention, of histamine H(3) receptors in rats and mice, the short transcript isoforms that are excised alternatively spliced introns are easily detected in a very low level in rats and are undetectable in mice using the regular PCR protocol. The retained introns have common 5' splice site and different 3' splice sites. The detailed mechanism for the special alternative splicing remains largely unclear. In this study, we developed a minigene splicing system to recapitulate natural alternative splicing of the receptors and investigated the effects of 5' and 3' splice sites on intron retention in HeLa cells. Mutating weak 5' and 3' splice sites of the alternatively spliced introns toward the canonical consensus sequences promoted the splicing of the corresponding introns in rat and mouse minigenes. The effect of splice site strength was context-dependent and much more significant for the 3' splice site of the longer alternative intron than for the 3' splice site of the shorter alternative intron and the common 5' splice sites; it was also more significant in the rat minigene than in the mouse minigene. Mutating the 3' splice site of the longer alternative intron resulted in almost complete splicing of the intron and made the corresponding isoform to become the nearly exclusive transcript in the rat minigene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyong Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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26
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Jin CY, Anichtchik O, Panula P. Altered histamine H3 receptor radioligand binding in post-mortem brain samples from subjects with psychiatric diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:118-29. [PMID: 19413576 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00149.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Histamine is a modulatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Auto- and hetero-histamine H3 receptors are present in human brain and are potential targets of antipsychotics. These receptors may also display disease-related abnormalities in psychiatric disorders. Here we have assessed how histamine H3 receptors in human brain may be affected in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Histamine H3 receptor radioligand binding assays were applied to frozen post-mortem prefrontal and temporal cortical sections and anterior hippocampal sections from subjects with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression and matched controls. KEY RESULTS Compared with the controls, increased H3 receptor radioligand binding was found in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic subjects (especially the ones who were treated with atypical antipsychotics), and bipolar subjects with psychotic symptoms. No differences in H3 receptor radioligand binding were found in the temporal cortex. In hippocampal formation of control subjects, H3 receptor radioligand binding was prominent in dentate gyrus, subiculum, entorhinal cortex and parasubiculum. Decreased H3 binding was found in the CA4 area of bipolar subjects. Decreased H3 binding in CA2 and presubiculum of medication-free bipolar subjects was also seen. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The results suggest that histamine H3 receptors in the prefrontal cortex take part in the modulation of cognition, which is impaired in schizophrenic subjects and bipolar subjects with psychotic symptoms. Histamine H3 receptors probably regulate connections between hippocampus and various cortical and subcortical regions and could also be involved in the neuropathology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Jin
- Department of Biology, Abo Akademi University, Biocity, Turku, Finland
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Ding W, Lin L, Xiao Z, Zou H, Duan Z, Dai J. Multiple sequence elements determine the intron retention in histamine H3 receptors in rats and mice. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 41:2281-6. [PMID: 19446035 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Intron retention in histamine H(3) receptors has been found in many mammals, including rats and mice. The short transcript isoforms that exclude alternatively spliced introns are readily detected in very low abundance in rats and are undetectable in mice using the regular PCR approach. The detailed mechanism for the special alternative splicing remains poorly understood. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of essential splice signals on intron retention and to identify sequence elements that determine the differences in splicing between rats and mice. We have constructed a minigene-splicing system to mimic natural alternative receptor splicing and analyzed the regulatory elements in HEK293 cells. Mutating suboptimal 5' and 3' splice sites toward the consensus sequences can enhance the splicing of corresponding alternative introns. The effect is much more significant for the 3' splice site of the longer intron than for the other two splice sites; it is also more significant in rats than in mice. The splicing differences between rats and mice are primarily determined by the six discrepant nucleotides within the alternative introns, which promote or suppress the intron splicing in different ways and cooperate to make splicing of the two introns more efficient in rats. From these results we conclude that (1) the weakness of the splice sites is an important determinant for very low efficiency during intron splicing and, (2) multiple sequence elements determine the splicing differences between rats and mice. The results provide insight into special alternative splicing regulation in H(3) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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Cloning and characterization of the monkey histamine H3 receptor isoforms. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 601:8-15. [PMID: 18977214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Revised: 09/26/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have recently identified three splice isoforms of the histamine H(3) receptor in multiple brain regions of cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). Two of the novel isoforms displayed a deletion in the third intracellular loop (H(3)(413) and H(3)(410)), the third isoform H(3)(335) displayed a deletion in the i3 intracellular loop and a complete deletion of the putative fifth transmembrane domain TM5. We have confirmed by RT-PCR the expression of full-length H(3)(445) mRNA as well as H(3)(413), H(3)(410), and H(3)(335) splice isoform mRNA in multiple monkey brain regions including the frontal, parietal and occipital cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, amygdala, caudate nucleus, putamen, thalamus, hypothalamus, and cerebellum. The full-length isoform H(3)(445) was predominant in all of the regions tested, followed by H(3)(335), with the H(3)(413) and H(3)(410) being of low abundance. When expressed in C6 cells, H(3)(445), H(3)(413), and H(3)(410) exhibit high affinity binding to the agonist ligand [(3)H]-(N)-alpha-methylhistamine with respective pK(D) values of 9.7, 9.7, and 9.6. As expected, the H(3)(335) isoform did not display any saturable binding with [(3)H]-(N)-alpha-methylhistamine. The histamine H(3) receptor agonists histamine, (R)-alpha-methylhistamine, imetit and proxyfan were able to activate calcium mobilization responses through H(3)(445), H(3)(413) and H(3)(410) receptors when they were co-expressed with the chimeric G alpha(qi5)-protein in HEK293 cells, while no response was elicited in cells expressing the H(3)(335) isoform. The existence of multiple H(3) receptor splice isoforms across species raises the possibility that isoform specific properties including ligand affinity, signal transduction coupling, and brain localization may differentially contribute to observed in vivo effects of histamine H(3) receptor antagonists.
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Miller TR, Baranowski JL, Estvander BR, Witte DG, Carr TL, Manelli AM, Krueger KM, Cowart MD, Brioni JD, Esbenshade TA. A robust and high-capacity [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding assay for determining antagonist and inverse agonist pharmacological parameters of histamine H(3) receptor ligands. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2008; 6:339-49. [PMID: 18593375 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2007.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanosine 5'-O-(3-[(35)S]thio)triphosphate ([(35)S]GTPgammaS) binding assays were established and utilized as a reliable and high-capacity functional assay for determining antagonist and inverse agonist pharmacological parameters of novel histamine H(3) ligands, at the recombinant human H(3) receptor. [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding assays were performed with membranes prepared from human embryonic kidney 293 cells stably expressing the full-length (445 amino acids) human H(3) receptor isoform, at approximately 1 pmol/mg of protein. Utilizing robotic liquid handling, assay filtration, and scintillation counting in a 96-well format, concentration-response curves were determined for up to 40 compounds per assay. The imidazole-containing H(3) receptor antagonist ciproxifan and the non-imidazole antagonist ABT-239 inhibited (R)-alpha-methylhistamine (RAMH)-stimulated [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding in a competitive manner, and negative logarithm of the dissociation equilibrium constant (pK(b)) values determined for nearly 200 structurally diverse H(3) antagonists were very similar to the respective negative logarithm of the equilibrium inhibition constant values from N-alpha-[(3)H]methylhistamine competition binding assays. H(3) antagonists also concentration-dependently decreased basal [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding, thereby displaying inverse agonism at the constitutively active H(3) receptor. At maximally effective concentrations, non-imidazole H(3) antagonists inhibited basal [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding by approximately 20%. For over 100 of these antagonists, negative logarithm of the 50% effective concentration values for inverse agonism were very similar to the respective pK(b) values. Both H(3) receptor agonist-dependent and -independent (constitutive) [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding were sensitive to changes in assay concentrations of sodium, magnesium, and the guanine nucleotide GDP; however, the potency of ABT-239 for inhibition of RAMH-stimulated [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding was not significantly affected. These robust and reliable [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding assays have become one of the important tools in our pharmacological analysis and development of novel histamine H(3) receptor antagonists/inverse agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Miller
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6125, USA.
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The histamine H3 receptor: an attractive target for the treatment of cognitive disorders. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 154:1166-81. [PMID: 18469850 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The histamine H3 receptor, first described in 1983 as a histamine autoreceptor and later shown to also function as a heteroreceptor that regulates the release of other neurotransmitters, has been the focus of research by numerous laboratories as it represents an attractive drug target for a number of indications including cognition. The purpose of this review is to acquaint the reader with the current understanding of H3 receptor localization and function as a modulator of neurotransmitter release and its effects on cognitive processes, as well as to provide an update on selected H3 antagonists in various states of preclinical and clinical advancement. Blockade of centrally localized H3 receptors by selective H3 receptor antagonists has been shown to enhance the release of neurotransmitters such as histamine, ACh, dopamine and norepinephrine, among others, which play important roles in cognitive processes. The cognitive-enhancing effects of H3 antagonists across multiple cognitive domains in a wide number of preclinical cognition models also bolster confidence in this therapeutic approach for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. However, although a number of clinical studies examining the efficacy of H3 receptor antagonists for a variety of cognitive disorders are currently underway, no clinical proof of concept for an H3 receptor antagonist has been reported to date. The discovery of effective H3 antagonists as therapeutic agents for the novel treatment of cognitive disorders will only be accomplished through continued research efforts that further our insights into the functions of the H3 receptor.
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Sander K, Kottke T, Stark H. Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonists Go to Clinics. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:2163-81. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Sander
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie
| | - Tim Kottke
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie
| | - Holger Stark
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie
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Holden NS, Gong W, King EM, Kaur M, Giembycz MA, Newton R. Potentiation of NF-kappaB-dependent transcription and inflammatory mediator release by histamine in human airway epithelial cells. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 152:891-902. [PMID: 17891168 PMCID: PMC2078227 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In asthma, histamine contributes to bronchoconstriction, vasodilatation and oedema, and is associated with the late phase response. The current study investigates possible inflammatory effects of histamine acting on nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB)-dependent transcription and cytokine release. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Using BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells, NF-kappaB-dependent transcription and both release and mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-8 were examined by reporter assay, ELISA and quantitative RT-PCR. Histamine receptors were detected using qualitative RT-PCR and function examined using selective agonists and antagonists. KEY RESULTS Addition of histamine to TNFalpha-stimulated BEAS-2B cells maximally potentiated NF-kappaB-dependent transcription 1.8 fold, whereas IL-6 and IL-8 protein release were enhanced 7.3- and 2.7-fold respectively. These responses were, in part, NF-kappaB-dependent and were associated with 2.6- and 1.7-fold enhancements of IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expression. The H(1) receptor antagonist, mepyramine, caused a rightward shift in the concentration-response curves of TNFalpha-induced NF-kappaB-dependent transcription (pA(2)=9.91) and release of IL-6 (pA(2)=8.78) and IL-8 (pA(2)=8.99). Antagonists of histamine H(2), H(3) and H(4) receptors were without effect. Similarly, H(3) and H(4) receptor agonists did not affect TNFalpha-induced NF-kappaB-dependent transcription, or IL-6 and IL-8 release at concentrations below 10 microM. The anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, inhibited the histamine enhanced NF-kappaB-dependent transcription and IL-6 and IL-8 release. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Potentiation of NF-kappaB-dependent transcription and inflammatory cytokine release by histamine predominantly involves receptors of the H(1) receptor subtype. These data support an anti-inflammatory role for H(1) receptor antagonists by preventing the transcription and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Holden
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Respiratory Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - W Gong
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Respiratory Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - E M King
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Respiratory Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Kaur
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Respiratory Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Respiratory Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M A Giembycz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Respiratory Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - R Newton
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Respiratory Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Author for correspondence:
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Bongers G, Krueger KM, Miller TR, Baranowski JL, Estvander BR, Witte DG, Strakhova MI, van Meer P, Bakker RA, Cowart MD, Hancock AA, Esbenshade TA, Leurs R. An 80-amino acid deletion in the third intracellular loop of a naturally occurring human histamine H3 isoform confers pharmacological differences and constitutive activity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 323:888-98. [PMID: 17855474 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.127639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we pharmacologically characterized two naturally occurring human histamine H3 receptor (hH3R) isoforms, hH3R(445) and hH3R(365). These abundantly expressed splice variants differ by a deletion of 80 amino acids in the intracellular loop 3. In this report, we show that the hH3R(365) is differentially expressed compared with the hH3R(445) and has a higher affinity and potency for H3R agonists and conversely a lower potency and affinity for H3R inverse agonists. Furthermore, we show a higher constitutive signaling of the hH3R(365) compared with the hH3R(445) in both guanosine-5'-O-(3-[35S]thio) triphosphate binding and cAMP assays, likely explaining the observed differences in hH3R pharmacology of the two isoforms. Because H3R ligands are beneficial in animal models of obesity, epilepsy, and cognitive diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and currently entered clinical trails, these differences in H3R pharmacology of these two isoforms are of great importance for a detailed understanding of the action of H3R ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerold Bongers
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Arrang JM, Morisset S, Gbahou F. Constitutive activity of the histamine H3 receptor. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2007; 28:350-7. [PMID: 17573125 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2007.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2006] [Revised: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Constitutive activity has been mainly recorded for numerous overexpressed and/or mutated receptors. The histamine H(3) receptor (H(3)R) is a target of choice to study the physiological relevance of this process. In rodent brain, postsynaptic H(3)Rs show high constitutive activity, and presynaptic H(3) autoreceptors that show constitutive activity have a predominant role in inhibiting the activity of histamine neurons. H(3)R inverse agonists abrogate this constitutive brake and enhance histamine release in vivo. Some of these inverse agonists have entered clinical trials for the treatment of cognitive and food intake disorders. Studies performed in vitro and in vivo with proxyfan show that this H(3)R ligand is a 'protean agonist' - that is, a ligand with a spectrum of activity ranging from full agonism to full inverse agonism depending on the level of H(3)R constitutive activity. Consistent with its physiological and therapeutic relevance, the constitutive activity of H(3)R thus has a major function in the brain and regulates the activity of H(3)R-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Arrang
- INSERM, Unité de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire (U 573), Centre Paul Broca, 75014 Paris, France.
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Kholdebarin E, Caldwell DP, Blackwelder WP, Kao M, Christopher NC, Levin ED. Interaction of nicotinic and histamine H(3) systems in the radial-arm maze repeated acquisition task. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 569:64-9. [PMID: 17544392 PMCID: PMC1994942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2006] [Revised: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic systems have been found in a variety of studies to play important roles in cognitive function. Nicotinic involvement in different aspects of cognitive function such as learning vs. memory may differ. We have found in rats that the spatial repeated acquisition task in the radial-arm maze is significantly improved by low doses of the nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine, the atypical nicotinic receptor ligand lobeline, as well as the alpha7 nicotinic receptor agonist ARR-17779. Interestingly, nicotine in the same dose range that improves working memory in the win-shift radial maze task was not effective in improving repeated acquisition performance. Nicotinic systems interact with a variety of other neural systems. Differential involvement of these extended effects with learning vs. memory may help explain differential effects of nicotinic drugs with these cognitive functions. Histamine H(3) receptor antagonists have been shown by some studies to improve cognitive function, but others have not found this effect and some have found impairment. Nicotine stimulates the release of histamine. This effect may counter other cascading effects of nicotine in the performance of learning and memory tasks. A specific test of this hypothesis involves our study of nicotine (0.1-0.4 mg/kg) interactions with the histamine H(3) receptor antagonist thioperamide (2.5-10 mg/kg) on learning memory in the repeated acquisition test in the radial-arm maze. The highest dose of thioperamide tested caused a significant choice accuracy impairment, which was most evident during the later portions of the learning curve. The highest dose of nicotine did not change overall errors but did cause a significant impairment in learning over trials. The choice accuracy impairment induced by thioperamide was significantly attenuated by nicotine (0.4 mg/kg). The learning impairment caused by the highest dose of nicotine was significantly attenuated by thioperamide. Thioperamide also caused a slowing of response, an effect, which was attenuated by nicotine co-administration. The repeated acquisition test can help differentiate acute drug effects on learning. Nicotine and thioperamide effectively reversed each other's choice accuracy impairment even though each by itself impaired accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Kholdebarin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Bakker RA, Nicholas MW, Smith TT, Burstein ES, Hacksell U, Timmerman H, Leurs R, Brann MR, Weiner DM. In Vitro Pharmacology of Clinically Used Central Nervous System-Active Drugs as Inverse H1 Receptor Agonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 322:172-9. [PMID: 17403993 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.118869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human histamine H(1) receptor (H(1)R) is a prototypical G protein-coupled receptor and an important, well characterized target for the development of antagonists to treat allergic conditions. Many neuropsychiatric drugs are also known to potently antagonize this receptor, underlying aspects of their side effect profiles. We have used the cell-based receptor selection and amplification technology assay to further define the clinical pharmacology of the human H(1)R by evaluating >130 therapeutic and reference drugs for functional receptor activity. Based on this screen, we have reported on the identification of 8R-lisuride as a potent stereospecific partial H(1)R agonist (Mol Pharmacol 65:538-549, 2004). In contrast, herein we report on a large number of varied clinical and chemical classes of drugs that are active in the central nervous system that display potent H(1)R inverse agonist activity. Absolute and rank order of functional potency of these clinically relevant brain-penetrating drugs may possibly be used to predict aspects of their clinical profiles, including propensity for sedation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Bakker
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bonaventure P, Letavic M, Dugovic C, Wilson S, Aluisio L, Pudiak C, Lord B, Mazur C, Kamme F, Nishino S, Carruthers N, Lovenberg T. Histamine H3 receptor antagonists: From target identification to drug leads. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 73:1084-96. [PMID: 17129577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2006] [Revised: 10/19/2006] [Accepted: 10/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The successful cloning and functional expression of the histamine H(3) receptor in the late 1990 s has greatly facilitated our efforts to identify small molecule, non-imidazole based compounds to permit the evaluation of H(3) antagonists in models of CNS disorders. High-throughput screening identified several series of lead compounds, including a series of imidazopyridines, which led to JNJ-6379490, a compound with high affinity for the human H(3) receptor. Analysis of structural features common to several series of non-imidazole H(3) receptor ligands resulted in a pharmacophore model. This model led to the design of JNJ-5207852, a diamine-based H(3) antagonist with good in vitro and in vivo efficacy but with an undesirable long half-life. However, further modifications of the template provided an understanding of the effect of structural modifications on pharmacokinetic properties, ultimately affording several additional series of compounds including JNJ-10181457, a compound with an improved pharmacokinetic profile. These compounds allowed in vivo pharmacological evaluation to show that H(3) antagonists promote wakefulness, but unlike modafinil and classical psychostimultants, they do not increase locomotor activity or produce any alteration of the EEG power spectral activity in rats. H(3) antagonists also increase extracellular acetylcholine and norepinephrine but not dopamine in rat frontal cortex and show efficacy in various models of learning-memory deficit. In addition, cFos immunoreactivity studies show H(3) antagonists activate neuronal cells in restricted rat brain regions in contrast to widespread activation after modafinil or amphetamine treatment. Therefore, H(3) antagonists are promising clinical candidates for the treatment of excessive day time sleepiness and/or cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bonaventure
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Bongers G, Bakker RA, Leurs R. Molecular aspects of the histamine H3 receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 73:1195-204. [PMID: 17276412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Revised: 11/27/2006] [Accepted: 01/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The cloning of the histamine H(3) receptor (H(3)R) cDNA in 1999 by Lovenberg et al. [10] allowed detailed studies of its molecular aspects and indicated that the H(3)R can activate several signal transduction pathways including G(i/o)-dependent inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, activation of phospholipase A(2), Akt and the mitogen activated kinase as well as the inhibition of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger and inhibition of K(+)-induced Ca(2+) mobilization. Moreover, cloning of the H(3)R has led to the discovery several H(3)R isoforms generated through alternative splicing of the H(3)R mRNA. The H(3)R has gained the interest of many pharmaceutical companies as a potential drug target for the treatment of various important disorders like obesity, myocardial ischemia, migraine, inflammatory diseases and several CNS disorders like Alzheimer's disease, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia. In this paper, we review various molecular aspects of the hH(3)R including its signal transduction, dimerization and the occurrence of different H(3)R isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerold Bongers
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Cannon KE, Chazot PL, Hann V, Shenton F, Hough LB, Rice FL. Immunohistochemical localization of histamine H3 receptors in rodent skin, dorsal root ganglia, superior cervical ganglia, and spinal cord: potential antinociceptive targets. Pain 2006; 129:76-92. [PMID: 17134835 PMCID: PMC1939926 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2006] [Revised: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 09/28/2006] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Activation of histamine H3 receptors (H3Rs) reduces inflammation and nociception, but the existence of H3Rs on peripheral innervation has never been demonstrated. Here we use antibodies to locate H3Rs in whisker pads, hairy and glabrous hind paw skin, dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), and spinal cords of rats, wild type mice, and H3R knockout (H3KO) mice. Although H3Rs have been hypothesized to be on C and sympathetic fibers, H3R-like immunoreactivity (H3R-LI) was only detected on presumptive periarterial A delta fibers and on A beta fibers that terminated in Meissner's corpuscles and as lanceolate endings around hair follicles. The H3R-positive periarterial fibers were thin-caliber and coexpressed immunoreactivity for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P, acid sensing ion channel 3, and 200 kDa neurofilament protein (NF). H3R-LI was also detected on epidermal keratinocytes and Merkel cells, but not on Merkel endings, C fibers, any other A delta fibers, or sympathetic fibers. In DRGs, H3R-LI was preponderantly on medium to large neurons coexpressing NF-LI and mostly CGRP-LI. In dorsal horn, CGRP-positive fibers with and without H3R-LI ramified extensively in lamina II; many of the former formed a plexus in lamina V. Low levels of H3R-LI were also present on A beta fibers penetrating superficial and into deeper laminae. The distribution of H3R-LI was similar in rats and wild type mice, but was eliminated or strongly reduced in A delta fibers and A beta fibers, respectively, in H3KO mice. Taken with recently published behavioral results, the present findings suggest that periarterial, peptidergic, H3R-containing A delta fibers may be sources of high threshold mechanical nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri E. Cannon
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College MC-136, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Paul L. Chazot
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham, UK
| | - Victoria Hann
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham, UK
| | - Fiona Shenton
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham, UK
| | - Lindsay B. Hough
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College MC-136, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Frank L. Rice
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College MC-136, Albany, NY, USA
- *Corresponding author: Dr. Frank L. Rice, Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, E-mail:
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Bergquist F, Ruthven A, Ludwig M, Dutia MB. Histaminergic and glycinergic modulation of GABA release in the vestibular nuclei of normal and labyrinthectomised rats. J Physiol 2006; 577:857-68. [PMID: 17038426 PMCID: PMC1890394 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.120493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestibular compensation (the behavioural recovery that follows unilateral vestibular de-afferentation), is facilitated by histamine, and is associated with increased central histamine release and alterations in histamine H(3) receptor expression in the vestibular nuclei. However, little is known of the effects of histamine on neurotransmission in the vestibular nuclei, and the mechanisms by which histamine may influence compensation are unclear. Here we examined the modulatory effects of histaminergic agents on the release of amino acid neurotransmitters in slices of the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) prepared from normal and labyrinthectomised rats. The release of GABA, but not glutamate, glycine or aspartate, was robustly and reproducibly evoked by a high-K(+) stimulus applied to normal MVN slices. Histamine inhibited the evoked release of GABA, both through a direct action on presynaptic H(3) receptors (presumably located on GABAergic terminals), and through a novel, indirect pathway that involved the increased release of glycine by activation of postsynaptic H(1)/H(2) receptors (presumably on glycinergic neurons). After unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL), the direct H(3) receptor-mediated inhibition of GABA release was profoundly downregulated in both ipsi-lesional and contra-lesional MVNs. This effect appeared within 25 h post-UL and persisted for at least 3 weeks post-UL. In addition, at 25 h post-UL the indirect glycinergic pathway caused a marked suppression of GABA release in the contra-lesional but not ipsi-lesional MVN, which was overcome by strychnine. Stimulation of histamine H(3) receptors at 25 h post-UL restored contra-lesional GABA release to normal, suggesting that acutely after UL H(3) receptors may strongly modulate glycinergic and GABAergic neurotransmission in the MVN. These findings are the first to demonstrate the modulatory actions of the histaminergic system on neurotransmission in the vestibular nuclei, and the changes that occur during vestibular system plasticity. During vestibular compensation, histaminergic modulation of glycine and GABA release may contribute to the rebalancing of neural activity in the vestibular nuclei of the lesioned and intact sides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Bergquist
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, School of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Edinburgh University Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
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41
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Airaksinen AJ, Jablonowski JA, van der Mey M, Barbier AJ, Klok RP, Verbeek J, Schuit R, Herscheid JDM, Leysen JE, Carruthers NI, Lammertsma AA, Windhorst AD. Radiosynthesis and biodistribution of a histamine H3 receptor antagonist 4-[3-(4-piperidin-1-yl-but-1-ynyl)-[11C]benzyl]-morpholine: evaluation of a potential PET ligand. Nucl Med Biol 2006; 33:801-10. [PMID: 16934699 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2006.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2006] [Revised: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 05/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The potent histamine H(3) receptor antagonist JNJ-10181457 (1) was successfully labeled with (11)C in a novel one-pot reaction sequence, with high chemical yield (decay-corrected yield, 28+/-8%) and high specific radioactivity (56+/-26 GBq/mumol). The binding of [(11)C]1 to H(3) receptors was studied in vitro in rat brain and in vivo in rats and mice. The in vitro binding of [(11)C]1 in rat coronal brain slices showed high binding in the striatum, and this binding was blocked by histamine and by two known H(3) antagonists, JNJ-5207852 (2) and unlabeled Compound (1), in a concentration-dependent manner. The biodistribution of [(11)C]1 in rats was measured at 5, 10, 30 and 60 min. The uptake of [(11)C]1 in regions rich in H(3) receptors was highest at 30 min, giving 0.98%, 1.41%, 1.28% and 1.72% dose/g for the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, striatum and cerebral cortex, respectively. However, the binding of [(11)C]1 in the rat brain could not be blocked by pretreatment with either Compound (2) (30 min or 24 h pretreatment) or cold Compound (1) (30-min pretreatment). The biodistribution of [(11)C]1 in a second species (Balb/c mice) showed a higher overall uptake of the radioligand with an average brain uptake of 8.9% dose/g. In C57BL/6-H(3)(-/-) knockout mice, a higher brain uptake was also observed. Analyses of metabolites and plasma protein binding were also undertaken. It appeared that [(11)C]1 could not specifically label H(3) receptors in rodent brain in vivo. Possible causes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu J Airaksinen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Research, Location Radionuclide Center, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Neuhaus J, Weimann A, Stolzenburg JU, Dawood W, Schwalenberg T, Dorschner W. Histamine receptors in human detrusor smooth muscle cells: physiological properties and immunohistochemical representation of subtypes. World J Urol 2006; 24:202-9. [PMID: 16609864 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-006-0079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2003] [Accepted: 07/05/2004] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The potent inflammatory mediator histamine is released from activated mast cells in interstitial cystitis (IC). Here, we report on the histamine receptor subtypes involved in the intracellular calcium response of cultured smooth muscle cells (cSMC). Fura-2 was used to monitor the calcium response in cSMC, cultured from human detrusor biopsies. The distribution of histamine receptor subtypes was addressed by immunocytochemistry in situ and in vitro. Histamine stimulated a maximum of 92% of the cells (n=335), being more effective than carbachol (70%, n=920). HTMT (H1R-agonist), dimaprit (H2R) and MTH (H3R) lead to significant lower numbers of reacting cells (60, 48 and 54%). Histamine receptor immunoreactivity (H1R, H2R, H3R, H4R) was found in situ and in vitro. Histamine-induced calcium increase is mediated by distinct histamine receptors. Thus, pre-therapeutic evaluation of histamine receptor expression in IC patients may help to optimize therapy by using a patient-specific cocktail of subtype-specific histamine receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Neuhaus
- Clinic for Urology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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43
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Rivara M, Zuliani V, Cocconcelli G, Morini G, Comini M, Rivara S, Mor M, Bordi F, Barocelli E, Ballabeni V, Bertoni S, Plazzi PV. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new non-imidazole H3-receptor antagonists of the 2-aminobenzimidazole series. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:1413-24. [PMID: 16263297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2005] [Revised: 09/21/2005] [Accepted: 09/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of non-imidazole H(3)-receptor antagonists was developed, by chemical modification of a potent lead H(3)-antagonist composed by an imidazole ring connected through an alkyl spacer to a 2-aminobenzimidazole moiety (e.g., 2-[[3-[4(5)-imidazolyl]propyl]amino]benzimidazole), previously reported by our research group. We investigated whether the removal of the imidazole ring could allow retaining high affinity for the H(3)-receptor, thanks to the interactions undertaken by the 2-aminobenzimidazole moiety at the binding site. The imidazole ring of the lead was replaced by a basic piperidine or by a lipophilic p-chlorophenoxy substituent, modulating the spacer length from three to eight methylene groups; moreover, the substituents were moved to the 5(6) position of the benzimidazole nucleus. Within both the 2-alkylaminobenzimidazole series and the 5(6)-alkoxy-2-aminobenzimidazole one, the greatest H(3)-receptor affinity was obtained for the piperidine-substituted compounds, while the presence of the p-chlorophenoxy group resulted in a drop in affinity. The optimal chain length was different in the two series. Even if the new compounds did not reach the high receptor affinity shown by the imidazole-containing lead compound, it was possible to get good H(3)-antagonist potencies with 2-aminobenzimidazoles having a tertiary amino group at appropriate distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Rivara
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Italy
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44
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Letavic MA, Barbier AJ, Dvorak CA, Carruthers NI. Recent medicinal chemistry of the histamine H3 receptor. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2006; 44:181-206. [PMID: 16697898 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(05)44405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Letavic
- Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development LLC, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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45
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Ding W, Zou H, Dai J, Duan Z. Combining restriction digestion and touchdown PCR permits detection of trace isoforms of histamine H3 receptor. Biotechniques 2005; 39:841-5. [PMID: 16382901 DOI: 10.2144/000112021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The conserved sequences of the mouse histamine H3 receptor at the potential alternative splice junctions suggest that the splice isoforms found in guinea pig, rat, human, and hamster may also be present in the mouse. However, the trace amount isoforms are hard to be detected by the regular PCR approach. In this paper, we report a method in which the unspliced long isoform is cut by restriction endonuclease so that the short isoforms can be amplified to detectable levels to confirm the existence of the splice isoforms of H3 receptor mRNA in the mouse. This method is applicable to the detection of trace amounts of splice isoforms that coexist with the long, more abundant isoforms.
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46
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Howard HR. Cyclopropyl methanone derivatives, their preparation and their therapeutic use. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.15.10.1467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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47
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Liu Z, Kilburn BA, Leach RE, Romero R, Paria BC, Armant DR. Histamine enhances cytotrophoblast invasion by inducing intracellular calcium transients through the histamine type-1 receptor. Mol Reprod Dev 2005; 68:345-53. [PMID: 15112328 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Blastocyst implantation and placentation require molecular and cellular interactions between the uterine endometrium and blastocyst trophectoderm. Previous studies showed that histamine produced in the mouse uterine luminal epithelium interacts with trophoblast histamine type-2 receptors (H2) to initiate blastocyst implantation. However, it is unknown whether similar histamine activity is operative in humans. Using a human cell line (HTR-8/SVneo) derived from first-trimester cytotrophoblasts that expresses both histamine type-1 receptor (H1) and H2, we found that histamine promotes cytotrophoblast invasiveness specifically through activation of H1. Stimulation of H1 in human cytotrophoblasts by histamine induced intracellular Ca2+ (Ca(2+)i) transients by activating phospholipase C and the inositol trisphosphate pathway. The enhanced invasion induced by histamine was blocked by pretreatment with H1 antagonist or by chelation of Ca(2+)i. These findings suggest possible differences between rodents and humans in histamine signaling to the trophoblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitao Liu
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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48
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Song J, Doucette C, Hanniford D, Hunady K, Wang N, Sherf B, Harrington JJ, Brunden KR, Stricker-Krongrad A. Generation of Cell Lines for Drug Discovery Through Random Activation of Gene Expression: Application to the Human Histamine H3 Receptor. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2005; 3:309-18. [PMID: 15971992 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2005.3.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Target-based high-throughput screening (HTS) plays an integral role in drug discovery. The implementation of HTS assays generally requires high expression levels of the target protein, and this is typically accomplished using recombinant cDNA methodologies. However, the isolated gene sequences to many drug targets have intellectual property claims that restrict the ability to implement drug discovery programs. The present study describes the pharmacological characterization of the human histamine H3 receptor that was expressed using random activation of gene expression (RAGE), a technology that over-expresses proteins by up-regulating endogenous genes rather than introducing cDNA expression vectors into the cell. Saturation binding analysis using [125I]iodoproxyfan and RAGE-H3 membranes revealed a single class of binding sites with a K(D) value of 0.77 nM and a B(max) equal to 756 fmol/mg of protein. Competition binding studies showed that the rank order of potency for H3 agonists was N(alpha)-methylhistamine approximately (R)-alpha- methylhistamine > histamine and that the rank order of potency for H3 antagonists was clobenpropit > iodophenpropit > thioperamide. The same rank order of potency for H3 agonists and antagonists was observed in the functional assays as in the binding assays. The Fluorometic Imaging Plate Reader assays in RAGE-H3 cells gave high Z' values for agonist and antagonist screening, respectively. These results reveal that the human H3 receptor expressed with the RAGE technology is pharmacologically comparable to that expressed through recombinant methods. Moreover, the level of expression of the H3 receptor in the RAGE-H3 cells is suitable for HTS and secondary assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Song
- Athersys, Inc., Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
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49
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Hancock AA, Brune ME. Assessment of pharmacology and potential anti-obesity properties of H3receptor antagonists/inverse agonists. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2005; 14:223-41. [PMID: 15833055 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.14.3.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Histamine is a key neurotransmitter that alters central nervous system functions in both behavioural and homeostatic contexts through its actions on the histamine (H) subreceptors H(1), H(2) and H(3) G-protein-coupled receptors. H(3)receptors have a diverse central nervous system distribution where they function as both homo- and hetero-receptors to modulate the synthesis and/or release of several neurotransmitters. H(3) receptors are constitutively active, which implies that antagonists of H(3) receptors may also function as inverse agonists to alter the basal state of the receptor and uncouple constitutive receptor-G-protein interactions. Reference H(3) antagonists such as thioperamide and ciproxifan, administered either centrally or systemically, have been shown to cause changes in food consumption and/or body weight in proof-of-concept studies. More recently, several non-imidazole-based H(3) antagonists/inverse agonists have also been described with efficacy in at least one animal model of human obesity. Considerable preclinical effort remains necessary before such compounds achieve therapeutic success or failure. Moreover, ongoing research in a number of laboratories has shed new insights into the effects of H(3) ligands in the control of feeding, appetite and body weight, which offer different results and conclusions. The goal of this review is to appraise these findings and forecast whether any H(3) antagonists/inverse agonists will provide clinical utility to treat human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A Hancock
- Metabolic Diseases and Neuroscience Research, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road,Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6125, USA.
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50
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Krueger KM, Witte DG, Ireland-Denny L, Miller TR, Baranowski JL, Buckner S, Milicic I, Esbenshade TA, Hancock AA. G protein-dependent pharmacology of histamine H3 receptor ligands: evidence for heterogeneous active state receptor conformations. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 314:271-81. [PMID: 15821027 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.104.078865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously reported pharmacological studies using the imidazole-containing histamine H3 receptor ligands GT-2331 (Cipralisant) and proxyfan resulted in a range of classifications (antagonist, agonist, and protean) for these compounds. We examined the role that the signaling system, with particular emphasis on the type of G protein, had on the pharmacology observed for H3 ligands. Ligands were assessed using assays measuring neurotransmitter release, cAMP, and guanosine 5'-O-(3-[35S]thio)triphosphate ([35S]GTPgammaS) binding. Whereas clobenpropit and ciproxifan were consistently antagonists, GT-2331, proxyfan, and imetit exhibited differential activity. Although GT-2331 and proxyfan exhibited little agonist activity in neurotransmitter release assays, both demonstrated full agonism relative to (R)-alpha-methylhistamine in cAMP assays. In [35S]GTPgammaS binding assays, GT-2331 and proxyfan demonstrated partial agonism. Imetit showed full agonism in most assays, but it was slightly less efficacious in a neurotransmitter release assay and in [35S]GTPgammaS binding at the human H3 receptor. To further examine these ligands, we coexpressed G alpha16 or chimeric G alpha q/i5 in human embryonic kidney cells expressing the human H3 receptor and assayed intracellular calcium and cAMP levels. GT-2331, proxyfan, and imetit demonstrated full agonism in all assays of cAMP activity. However, in cells expressing G alpha16, they exhibited minimal agonism in calcium mobilization assays, whereas imetit showed partial agonism. When G alpha q/i5 was used, the activity of both GT-2331 and proxyfan increased, whereas imetit became a full agonist. These results demonstrate that GT-2331 and proxyfan's differential pharmacology at the H3 receptor depends on the type of G protein used and provide indirect evidence for differential ligand-bound active states that mediate signaling by the H3 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Krueger
- Neurosciences Research, Abbott Laboratories, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6125, USA.
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