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Sierra-Ulloa D, Fernández J, Cacelín M, González-Aguilar GA, Saavedra R, Tenorio EP. α2,6 sialylation distinguishes a novel active state in CD4 + and CD8 + cells during acute Toxoplasma gondii infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1429302. [PMID: 39253089 PMCID: PMC11381403 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1429302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide parasitosis that is usually asymptomatic; cell-mediated immunity, particularly T cells, is a crucial mediator of the immune response against this parasite. Membrane protein expression has been studied for a long time in T lymphocytes, providing vital information to determine functional checkpoints. However, less is known about the role of post-translational modifications in T cell function. Glycosylation plays essential roles during maturation and function; particularly, sialic acid modulation is determinant for accurate T cell regulation of processes like adhesion, cell-cell communication, and apoptosis induction. Despite its importance, the role of T cell sialylation during infection remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to evaluate whether different membrane sialylation motifs are modified in T cells during acute Toxoplasma gondii infection using different lectins. To this end, BALB/c Foxp3EGFP mice were infected with T. gondii, and on days 3, 7, and 10 post-infection, splenocytes were obtained to analyze conventional (Foxp3-) CD4+ and CD8+ populations by flow cytometry. Among the different lectins used for analysis, only Sambucus nigra lectin, which detects sialic acid α2,6 linkages, revealed two distinctive populations (SNBright and SN-/Dim) after infection. Further characterization of CD4+ and CD8+ SN-/Dim lymphocytes showed that these are highly activated cells, with a TEf/EM or TCM phenotype that produce high IFN-γ levels, a previously undescribed cell state. This work demonstrates that glycan membrane analysis in T cells reveals previously overlooked functional states by evaluating only protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sierra-Ulloa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jacquelina Fernández
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Cacelín
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gloria A González-Aguilar
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Saavedra
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eda P Tenorio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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2
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E Silva YC, Rezende PA, Lopes CEB, Lopes MC, Oliveira ES, de Carvalho MPN, Costa EA, Ecco R. Identification of sialic acid receptors for influenza A virus in snakes. J Comp Pathol 2024; 212:27-31. [PMID: 38968671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The tissue tropism and the wide host range of influenza A viruses are determined by the presence of sialic acid (SA) α2,3-Gal and SA α2,6-Gal receptors. Recent studies have shown that animals possessing both receptors allow for the rearrangement and emergence of new viral strains of public health importance. This study aimed to evaluate the expression and distribution of human and avian influenza A receptors in nine Neotropical snake species using lectin immunohistochemistry. We selected 17 snakes that were examined post mortem at the Veterinary Pathology Sector of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais between 2019 and 2023. Sections of nasal turbinate, trachea, lung, oral mucosa, stomach and intestine were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis using the lectins Maackia amurensis and Sambucus nigra. This research detected, for the first time, co-expression of SA α2,3-Gal and SA α2,6-Gal receptors in the respiratory and digestive tracts of snakes, indicating the possible susceptibility of these species to influenza A virus of avian and human origin. Consequently, snakes can be considered important species for monitoring influenza A in wild, urban and peri-urban environments. More studies should be conducted to investigate the role of snakes in influenza A epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin C E Silva
- Pathology Sector and MULTILAB, Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Presidente Carlos Luz Ave, 5162, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-250, Brazil
| | - Pedro A Rezende
- Pathology Sector and MULTILAB, Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Presidente Carlos Luz Ave, 5162, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-250, Brazil
| | - Carlos E B Lopes
- Pathology Sector and MULTILAB, Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Presidente Carlos Luz Ave, 5162, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-250, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Lopes
- Pathology Sector and MULTILAB, Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Presidente Carlos Luz Ave, 5162, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-250, Brazil
| | - Eric S Oliveira
- Pathology Sector and MULTILAB, Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Presidente Carlos Luz Ave, 5162, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-250, Brazil
| | - Marcelo P N de Carvalho
- Medical Clinic Sector, Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Presidente Carlos Luz Ave, 5162, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-250, Brazil
| | - Erica A Costa
- Department of Veterinary and Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Presidente Carlos Luz Ave, 5162, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-250, Brazil
| | - Roselene Ecco
- Pathology Sector and MULTILAB, Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Presidente Carlos Luz Ave, 5162, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-250, Brazil.
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3
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Liu Y, Yang T, Rong J, Yuan J, Man L, Wei M, Fan J, Lan Y, Liu Y, Gong G, Lu Y, Song X, Wang Z, Huang L. Integrated analysis of natural glycans using a versatile pyrazolone-type heterobifunctional tag ANPMP. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121617. [PMID: 38171699 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Glycans mediate various biological processes through carbohydrate-protein interactions, and glycan microarrays have become indispensable tools for understanding these mechanisms. However, advances in functional glycomics are hindered by the absence of convenient and universal methods for obtaining natural glycan libraries with diverse structures from glycoconjugates. To address this challenge, we have developed an integrative approach that enables one-pot release and simultaneously capture, separation, structural characterization, and functional analysis of N/O-glycans. Using this approach, glycoconjugates are incubated with a pyrazolone-type heterobifunctional tag-ANPMP to obtain glycan-2ANPMP conjugates, which are then converted to glycan-AEPMP conjugates. We prepared a tagged glycan library from porcine gastric mucin, soy protein, human milk oligosaccharides, etc. Following derivatization by N-acetylation and permethylation, glycans were subjected to detailed structural characterization by ESI-MSn analysis, which revealed >83 highly pure glycan-AEPMPs containing various natural glycan epitopes. A shotgun microarray is constructed to study the fine details of glycan-bindings by proteins and antisera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China
| | - Tong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China
| | - Jinqiao Rong
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China
| | - Jinhang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China
| | - Lijuan Man
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China
| | - Ming Wei
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China
| | - Jiangbo Fan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, PR China
| | - Yao Lan
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China
| | - Yinchuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China
| | - Guiping Gong
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China
| | - Yu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China
| | - Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China.
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering of Xi'an, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China.
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4
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Bui D, Favell J, Kitova EN, Li Z, McCord KA, Schmidt EN, Mozaneh F, Elaish M, El-Hawiet A, St-Pierre Y, Hobman TC, Macauley MS, Mahal LK, Flynn MR, Klassen JS. Absolute Affinities from Quantitative Shotgun Glycomics Using Concentration-Independent (COIN) Native Mass Spectrometry. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:1374-1387. [PMID: 37521792 PMCID: PMC10303200 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Native mass spectrometry (nMS) screening of natural glycan libraries against glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) is a powerful tool for ligand discovery. However, as the glycan concentrations are unknown, affinities cannot be measured directly from natural libraries. Here, we introduce Concentration-Independent (COIN)-nMS, which enables quantitative screening of natural glycan libraries by exploiting slow mixing of solutions inside a nanoflow electrospray ionization emitter. The affinities (Kd) of detected GBP-glycan interactions are determined, simultaneously, from nMS analysis of their time-dependent relative abundance changes. We establish the reliability of COIN-nMS using interactions between purified glycans and GBPs with known Kd values. We also demonstrate the implementation of COIN-nMS using the catch-and-release (CaR)-nMS assay for glycosylated GBPs. The COIN-CaR-nMS results obtained for plant, fungal, viral, and human lectins with natural libraries containing hundreds of N-glycans and glycopeptides highlight the assay's versatility for discovering new ligands, precisely measuring their affinities, and uncovering "fine" specificities. Notably, the COIN-CaR-nMS results clarify the sialoglycan binding properties of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain and establish the recognition of monosialylated hybrid and biantennary N-glycans. Moreover, pharmacological depletion of host complex N-glycans reduces both pseudotyped virions and SARS-CoV-2 cell entry, suggesting that complex N-glycans may serve as attachment factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duong
T. Bui
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G2, Alberta, Canada
| | - James Favell
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G2, Alberta, Canada
| | - Elena N. Kitova
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G2, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zhixiong Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G2, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kelli A. McCord
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G2, Alberta, Canada
| | - Edward N. Schmidt
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G2, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fahima Mozaneh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G2, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mohamed Elaish
- Department
of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2H7, AB, Canada
- Poultry
Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Amr El-Hawiet
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria
University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
| | - Yves St-Pierre
- Institut
National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier
Santé Biotechnologie, Laval H7 V 1B7, QC, Canada
| | - Tom C. Hobman
- Department
of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2H7, AB, Canada
- Department
of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, AB, Canada
- Li
Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University
of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew S. Macauley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G2, Alberta, Canada
- Department
of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, AB, Canada
| | - Lara K. Mahal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G2, Alberta, Canada
| | - Morris R. Flynn
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Alberta, Canada
| | - John S. Klassen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G2, Alberta, Canada
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5
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Galicová T, Hasoň S, Ostatná V. Interaction of lectin Sambucus nigra with sialylated trisaccharides in the presence of osmolytes. Chronopotentiometric sensing. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 152:108457. [PMID: 37196453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Trisaccharides bind to their interaction partners-lectins relatively weakly, which makes detection of their complexes challenging. In this work, we show that an osmolyte presence improves the distinguishing complexes of lectin Sambucus nigra with trisialyllactoses with various binding affinities. The addition of osmolyte, non-binding sugar mannose significantly improved the precision of binding experiments performed using chronopotentiometric stripping at the electrode surface and fluorescence analysis in solution. Osmolytes minimized nonspecific interactions between binding sugar and lectin. Obtained findings can be utilized in any in vitro methods studying interactions of carbohydrates, respectively their conjugates with proteins. The study of carbohydrate interactions appears important since they play essential roles in a variety of biological processes including carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Galicová
- Institute of Biophysics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Hasoň
- Institute of Biophysics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Ostatná
- Institute of Biophysics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic.
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6
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Acebrón I, Campanero-Rhodes MA, Solís D, Menéndez M, García C, Lillo MP, Mancheño JM. Atomic crystal structure and sugar specificity of a β-trefoil lectin domain from the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123507. [PMID: 36754262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Lectins from fruiting bodies are a diverse group of sugar-binding proteins from mushrooms that face the biologically relevant challenge of discriminating self- from non-self carbohydrate structures, therefore providing a basis for an innate defence system. Such a system entails both detection and destruction of invaders and/or feeders, and in contrast to more complex organisms with immense immune systems, these two functions normally rely on multitasking lectins, namely, lectins with different functional modules. Here, we present a novel fungal lectin, LBL, from the basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor. Using a diverse set of biophysical techniques, we unveil the fine details of the sugar-binding specificity of the N-terminal β-trefoil of LBL (LBL152), whose structure has been determined at the highest resolution so far reported for such a fold. LBL152 binds complex poly-N-Acetyllactosamine polysaccharides and also robust LBL152 binding to Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster cellular extracts was detected in microarray assays, with a seeming preference for the fruit fly adult and pupa stages over the larva stage. Prediction of the structure of the C-terminal part of LBL with AlphaFold reveals a tandem repeat of two structurally almost identical domains of around 110 amino acids each, despite sharing low sequence conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Acebrón
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Asunción Campanero-Rhodes
- Department of Biological Physical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Respiratory Diseases Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), ISCIII, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Solís
- Department of Biological Physical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Respiratory Diseases Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), ISCIII, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Menéndez
- Department of Biological Physical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Respiratory Diseases Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), ISCIII, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina García
- Department of Biological Physical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pilar Lillo
- Department of Biological Physical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Mancheño
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Chien YAA, Alford BK, Wasik BR, Weichert WS, Parrish CR, Daniel S. Single Particle Analysis of H3N2 Influenza Entry Differentiates the Impact of the Sialic Acids (Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc) on Virus Binding and Membrane Fusion. J Virol 2023; 97:e0146322. [PMID: 36779754 PMCID: PMC10062150 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01463-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Entry of influenza A viruses (IAVs) into host cells is initiated by binding to sialic acids (Sias), their primary host cell receptor, followed by endocytosis and membrane fusion to release the viral genome into the cytoplasm of the host cell. Host tropism is affected by these entry processes, with a primary factor being receptor specificity. Sias exist in several different chemical forms, including the hydroxylated N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), which is found in many hosts; however, it has not been clear how modified Sias affect viral binding and entry. Neu5Gc is commonly found in many natural influenza hosts, including pigs and horses, but not in humans or ferrets. Here, we engineered HEK293 cells to express the hydoxylase gene (CMAH) that converts Neu5Ac to Neu5Gc, or knocked out the Sia-CMP transport gene (SLC35A1), resulting in cells that express 95% Neu5Gc or minimal level of Sias, respectively. H3N2 (X-31) showed significantly reduced infectivity in Neu5Gc-rich cells compared to wild-type HEK293 (>95% Neu5Ac). To determine the effects on binding and fusion, we generated supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) derived from the plasma membranes of these cells and carried out single particle microscopy. H3N2 (X-31) exhibited decreased binding to Neu5Gc-containing SLBs, but no significant difference in H3N2 (X-31)'s fusion kinetics to either SLB type, suggesting that reduced receptor binding does not affect subsequent membrane fusion. This finding suggests that for this virus to adapt to host cells rich in Neu5Gc, only receptor affinity changes are required without further adaptation of virus fusion machinery. IMPORTANCE Influenza A virus (IAV) infections continue to threaten human health, causing over 300,000 deaths yearly. IAV infection is initiated by the binding of influenza glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) to host cell sialic acids (Sias) and the subsequent viral-host membrane fusion. Generally, human IAVs preferentially bind to the Sia N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac). Yet, other mammalian hosts, including pigs, express diverse nonhuman Sias, including N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). The role of Neu5Gc in human IAV infections in those hosts is not well-understood, and the variant form may play a role in incidents of cross-species transmission and emergence of new epidemic variants. Therefore, it is important to investigate how human IAVs interact with Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc. Here, we use membrane platforms that mimic the host cell surface to examine receptor binding and membrane fusion events of human IAV H3N2. Our findings improve the understanding of viral entry mechanisms that can affect host tropism and virus evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-An Annie Chien
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Brynn K. Alford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Brian R. Wasik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Wendy S. Weichert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Colin R. Parrish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Susan Daniel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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8
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Donahue TC, Zong G, Ou C, DeShong P, Wang LX. Catanionic Vesicles as a Facile Scaffold to Display Natural N-Glycan Ligands for Probing Multivalent Carbohydrate-Lectin Interactions. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:392-404. [PMID: 36642983 PMCID: PMC10349922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Multivalent interactions are a key characteristic of protein-carbohydrate recognition. Phospholipid-based liposomes have been explored as a popular platform for multivalent presentation of glycans, but this platform has been plagued by the instability of typical liposomal formulations in biological media. We report here the exploitation of catanionic vesicles as a stable lipid-based nanoparticle scaffold for displaying large natural N-glycans as multivalent ligands. Hydrophobic insertion of lipidated N-glycans into the catanionic vesicle bilayer was optimized to allow for high-density display of structurally diverse N-glycans on the outer membrane leaflet. In an enzyme-linked competitive lectin-binding assay, the N-glycan-coated vesicles demonstrated a clear clustering glycoside effect, with significantly enhanced affinity for the corresponding lectins including Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA), concanavalin A (ConA), and human galectin-3, in comparison with their respective natural N-glycan ligands. Our results showed that relatively low density of high-mannose and sialylated complex type N-glycans gave the maximal clustering effect for binding to ConA and SNA, respectively, while relatively high-density display of the asialylated complex type N-glycan provided maximal clustering effects for binding to human galectin 3. Moreover, we also observed a macromolecular crowding effect on the binding of ConA to high-mannose N-glycans when catanionic vesicles bearing mixed high-mannose and complex-type N-glycans were used. The N-glycan-coated catanionic vesicles are stable and easy to formulate with varied density of ligands, which could serve as a feasible vehicle for drug delivery and as potent inhibitors for intervening protein-carbohydrate interactions implicated in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Donahue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - Guanghui Zong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - Chong Ou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - Philip DeShong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
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9
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HS, an Ancient Molecular Recognition and Information Storage Glycosaminoglycan, Equips HS-Proteoglycans with Diverse Matrix and Cell-Interactive Properties Operative in Tissue Development and Tissue Function in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021148. [PMID: 36674659 PMCID: PMC9867265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate is a ubiquitous, variably sulfated interactive glycosaminoglycan that consists of repeating disaccharides of glucuronic acid and glucosamine that are subject to a number of modifications (acetylation, de-acetylation, epimerization, sulfation). Variable heparan sulfate chain lengths and sequences within the heparan sulfate chains provide structural diversity generating interactive oligosaccharide binding motifs with a diverse range of extracellular ligands and cellular receptors providing instructional cues over cellular behaviour and tissue homeostasis through the regulation of essential physiological processes in development, health, and disease. heparan sulfate and heparan sulfate-PGs are integral components of the specialized glycocalyx surrounding cells. Heparan sulfate is the most heterogeneous glycosaminoglycan, in terms of its sequence and biosynthetic modifications making it a difficult molecule to fully characterize, multiple ligands also make an elucidation of heparan sulfate functional properties complicated. Spatio-temporal presentation of heparan sulfate sulfate groups is an important functional determinant in tissue development and in cellular control of wound healing and extracellular remodelling in pathological tissues. The regulatory properties of heparan sulfate are mediated via interactions with chemokines, chemokine receptors, growth factors and morphogens in cell proliferation, differentiation, development, tissue remodelling, wound healing, immune regulation, inflammation, and tumour development. A greater understanding of these HS interactive processes will improve therapeutic procedures and prognoses. Advances in glycosaminoglycan synthesis and sequencing, computational analytical carbohydrate algorithms and advanced software for the evaluation of molecular docking of heparan sulfate with its molecular partners are now available. These advanced analytic techniques and artificial intelligence offer predictive capability in the elucidation of heparan sulfate conformational effects on heparan sulfate-ligand interactions significantly aiding heparan sulfate therapeutics development.
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10
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Efficient TurboID-based proximity labelling method for identifying terminal sialic acid glycosylation in living cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1841-1853. [PMID: 36789692 PMCID: PMC10157534 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TurboID, a proximity labelling method based on mutant biotin ligase, is an efficient new technique for recognizing protein-protein interactions and has been successfully applied to living cells. Sialic acid is typically the terminal monosaccharide attached to many glycoproteins and plays many important roles in many biological processes. However, the lack of enrichment methods for terminal sialic acid glycosylation in vivo hinders the identification and analysis of this glycosylation. Here, we introduce TurboID to identify terminal sialic acid glycosylation in living cells. SpCBM, the carbohydrate-binding domain of sialidase from Streptococcus pneumoniae, is fused with TurboID and overexpressed in HeLa cells. After streptavidin-based purification and detection by mass spectrometry, 31 terminal sialic acid N-glycosylated sites and 1359 putative terminal sialic acid glycosylated proteins are identified, many of which are located in the cytoplasm and nucleus.
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11
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Effect of Dexamethasone on the Expression of the α2,3 and α2,6 Sialic Acids in Epithelial Cell Lines. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121518. [PMID: 36558852 PMCID: PMC9788320 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acetylneuraminic acid linked to galactose by α2,6 and α2,3 linkages (Siaα2,6 and Siaα2,3) is expressed on glycoconjugates of animal tissues, where it performs multiple biological functions. In addition, these types of sialic acid residues are the main targets for the binding and entry of influenza viruses. Here we used fluorochrome-conjugated Sambuccus nigra, Maackia amurensis, and peanut lectins for the simultaneous detection of Siaα2,3 and Siaα2,6 and galactosyl residues by two-color flow cytometry on A549 cells, a human pneumocyte cell line used for in vitro studies of the infection by influenza viruses, as well as on Vero and MDCK cell lines. The dexamethasone (DEX) glucocorticoid (GC), a widely used anti-inflammatory compound, completely abrogated the expression of Siaα2,3 in A549 cells and decreased its expression in Vero and MDCK cells; in contrast, the expression of Siaα2,6 was increased in the three cell lines. These observations indicate that DEX can be used for the study of the mechanism of sialylation of cell membrane molecules. Importantly, DEX may change the tropism of avian and human/pig influenza viruses and other infectious agents to animal and human epithelial cells.
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12
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Bertuzzi S, Peccati F, Serna S, Artschwager R, Notova S, Thépaut M, Jiménez-Osés G, Fieschi F, Reichardt NC, Jiménez-Barbero J, Ardá A. Immobilization of Biantennary N-Glycans Leads to Branch Specific Epitope Recognition by LSECtin. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:1415-1423. [PMID: 36313162 PMCID: PMC9615123 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The molecular recognition features of LSECtin toward asymmetric N-glycans have been scrutinized by NMR and compared to those occurring in glycan microarrays. A pair of positional glycan isomers (LDN3 and LDN6), a nonelongated GlcNAc4Man3 N-glycan (G0), and the minimum binding epitope (the GlcNAcβ1-2Man disaccharide) have been used to shed light on the preferred binding modes under both experimental conditions. Strikingly, both asymmetric LDN3 and LDN6 N-glycans are recognized by LSECtin with similar affinities in solution, in sharp contrast to the results obtained when those glycans are presented on microarrays, where only LDN6 was efficiently recognized by the lectin. Thus, different results can be obtained using different experimental approaches, pointing out the tremendous difficulty of translating in vitro results to the in vivo environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bertuzzi
- Basque
Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Chemical Glycobiology Group, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Francesca Peccati
- Basque Research
& Technology Alliance (BRTA), Computational Chemistry Group, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Sonia Serna
- Glycotechnology
Group, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Raik Artschwager
- Glycotechnology
Group, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- Memorial
Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 417 East 68th Street, New
York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Simona Notova
- CNRS,
CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, University
of Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Thépaut
- CNRS,
CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, University
of Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- Basque Research
& Technology Alliance (BRTA), Computational Chemistry Group, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Franck Fieschi
- CNRS,
CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, University
of Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- E-mail:
| | - Niels C. Reichardt
- Glycotechnology
Group, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Paseo Miramón 182, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
- E-mail:
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Basque
Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Chemical Glycobiology Group, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, II Faculty of Science
and Technology University of the Basque Country, EHU-UPV, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- E-mail:
| | - Ana Ardá
- Basque
Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Chemical Glycobiology Group, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
- E-mail:
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13
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Brás-Costa C, Chaves AFA, Cajado-Carvalho D, da Silva Pires D, Andrade-Silva D, Serrano SMT. Profilings of subproteomes of lectin-binding proteins of nine Bothrops venoms reveal variability driven by different glycan types. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2022; 1870:140795. [PMID: 35662639 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2022.140795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Snake venom proteomes have long been investigated to explore a multitude of biologically active components that are used for prey capture and defense, and are involved in the pathological effects observed upon mammalian envenomation. Glycosylation is a major protein post-translational modification in venoms and contributes to the diversification of proteomes. We have shown that Bothrops venoms are markedly defined by their content of glycoproteins, and that most N-glycan structures of eight Bothrops venoms contain sialic acid, while bisected N-acetylglucosamine was identified in Bothrops cotiara venom. To further investigate the mechanisms involved in the generation of different venoms by related snakes, here the glycoproteomes of nine Bothrops venoms (Bothrops atrox, B. cotiara, Bothrops erythromelas, Bothrops fonsecai, B. insularis, Bothrops jararaca, Bothrops jararacussu, Bothrops moojeni and Bothrops neuwiedi) were comparatively analyzed by enrichment with three lectins of different specificities, recognizing bisecting N-acetylglucosamine- and sialic acid-containing glycoproteins, and mass spectrometry. The lectin capture strategy generated venom fractions enriched with several glycoproteins, including metalloprotease, serine protease, and L- amino acid oxidase, in addition to various types of low abundant enzymes. The different contents of lectin-enriched proteins underscore novel aspects of the variability of the glycoprotein subproteomes of Bothrops venoms and point to the role of distinct types of glycan chains in generating different venoms by closely related snake species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Brás-Costa
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alison Felipe Alencar Chaves
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Cajado-Carvalho
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David da Silva Pires
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Andrade-Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Solange M T Serrano
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.
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14
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Porell RN, Follmar JL, Purcell SC, Timm B, Laubach LK, Kozirovskiy D, Thacker BE, Glass CA, Gordts PLSM, Godula K. Biologically Derived Neoproteoglycans for Profiling Protein-Glycosaminoglycan Interactions. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:1534-1542. [PMID: 35574759 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a class of highly negatively charged membrane-associated and extracellular matrix polysaccharides involved in the regulation of myriad biological functions, including cell adhesion, migration, signaling, and differentiation, among others. GAGs are typically attached to core proteins, termed proteoglycans (PGs), and can engage >500 binding proteins, making them prominent relays for sensing external stimuli and transducing cellular responses. However, their unique substructural protein-recognition domains that confer their binding specificity remain elusive. While the emergence of glycan arrays has rapidly enabled the profiling of ligand specificities of a range of glycan-binding proteins, their adaptation for the analysis of GAG-binding proteins has been considerably more challenging. Current GAG microarrays primarily employ synthetically defined oligosaccharides, which capture only a fraction of the structural diversity of native GAG polysaccharides. Augmenting existing array platforms to include GAG structures purified from tissues or produced in cells with engineered glycan biosynthetic pathways may significantly advance the understanding of structure-activity relationships in GAG-protein interactions. Here, we demonstrate an efficient and tunable strategy to mimic cellular proteoglycan architectures by conjugating biologically derived GAG chains to a protein scaffold, defined as neoproteoglycans (neoPGs). The use of a reactive fluorogenic linker enabled real-time monitoring of the conjugation reaction efficiency and tuning of the neoPG valency. Immobilization of the reagents on a 96-well array platform allowed for efficient probing of ligand binding and enzyme-substrate specificity, including growth factors and the human sulfatase 1. The neoPGs can also be used directly as soluble probes to evaluate GAG-dependent growth factor signaling in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bryan E. Thacker
- TEGA Therapeutics, Inc., 3550 General Atomics Court, G02-102, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Charles A. Glass
- TEGA Therapeutics, Inc., 3550 General Atomics Court, G02-102, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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15
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Renko M, Zupan T, Plaza DF, Schmieder SS, Perišić Nanut M, Kos J, Turk D, Künzler M, Sabotič J. Cocaprins, β-Trefoil Fold Inhibitors of Cysteine and Aspartic Proteases from Coprinopsis cinerea. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4916. [PMID: 35563308 PMCID: PMC9104457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a new family of fungal protease inhibitors with β-trefoil fold from the mushroom Coprinopsis cinerea, named cocaprins, which inhibit both cysteine and aspartic proteases. Two cocaprin-encoding genes are differentially expressed in fungal tissues. One is highly transcribed in vegetative mycelium and the other in the stipes of mature fruiting bodies. Cocaprins are small proteins (15 kDa) with acidic isoelectric points that form dimers. The three-dimensional structure of cocaprin 1 showed similarity to fungal β-trefoil lectins. Cocaprins inhibit plant C1 family cysteine proteases with Ki in the micromolar range, but do not inhibit the C13 family protease legumain, which distinguishes them from mycocypins. Cocaprins also inhibit the aspartic protease pepsin with Ki in the low micromolar range. Mutagenesis revealed that the β2-β3 loop is involved in the inhibition of cysteine proteases and that the inhibitory reactive sites for aspartic and cysteine proteases are located at different positions on the protein. Their biological function is thought to be the regulation of endogenous proteolytic activities or in defense against fungal antagonists. Cocaprins are the first characterized aspartic protease inhibitors with β-trefoil fold from fungi, and demonstrate the incredible plasticity of loop functionalization in fungal proteins with β-trefoil fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miha Renko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.R.); (D.T.)
| | - Tanja Zupan
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.Z.); (M.P.N.); (J.K.)
| | - David F. Plaza
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; (D.F.P.); (S.S.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Stefanie S. Schmieder
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; (D.F.P.); (S.S.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Milica Perišić Nanut
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.Z.); (M.P.N.); (J.K.)
| | - Janko Kos
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.Z.); (M.P.N.); (J.K.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dušan Turk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.R.); (D.T.)
| | - Markus Künzler
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; (D.F.P.); (S.S.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Jerica Sabotič
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (T.Z.); (M.P.N.); (J.K.)
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16
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Enhanced hepatic clearance of hyposialylated platelets explains thrombocytopenia in GNE-related macrothrombocytopenia. Blood Adv 2022; 6:3347-3351. [PMID: 35255501 PMCID: PMC9198933 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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17
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Song H, Gao GF. Evaluation of the Glycan-Binding and Esterase Activities of Hemagglutinin-Esterase-Fusion Glycoprotein from Influenza D Virus. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2556:187-203. [PMID: 36175636 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2635-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Influenza D virus (IDV) is a new member of influenza virus that uses cattle as the primary reservoir and infects multiple agricultural animals. Similar to influenza C virus (ICV), IDV also has seven segments in its genome and has only one major surface glycoprotein, called the hemagglutinin-esterase-fusion (HEF) protein, for receptor-binding, receptor-destroying, and membrane fusion. HEF utilizes 9-O-acetylated sialic acids as its receptor and has both receptor binding and esterase activities, thus is a critical determinant of host tropism. Here, we summarize the methods to evaluate the glycan-binding and esterase activities of HEF in vitro. The glycan-bind property is monitored through glycan microarray, MDCK cell-binding assay, Hemagglutination assay, solid-phase lectin binding assay, and immunofluorescence of tissue sections, and its esterase property is analyzed via esterase enzymatic activity assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Song
- Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - George F Gao
- Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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18
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McKitrick TR, Hanes MS, Rosenberg CS, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Cooper MD, Herrin BR, Cummings RD. Identification of Glycan-Specific Variable Lymphocyte Receptors Using Yeast Surface Display and Glycan Microarrays. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2421:73-89. [PMID: 34870812 PMCID: PMC9307140 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1944-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The jawless vertebrates (lamprey and hagfish) evolved a novel adaptive immune system with many similarities to that found in the jawed vertebrates, including the production of antigen-specific circulating antibodies in response to immunization. However, the jawless vertebrates use leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-based antigen receptors termed variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) for immune recognition, instead of immunoglobulin (Ig)-based receptors. VLR genes are assembled in developing lymphocytes through a gene conversion-like process, in which hundreds of LRR gene segments are randomly selected as template donors to generate a large repertoire of distinct antigen receptors, similar to that found within the mammalian adaptive immune system. Here we describe the development of a robust platform using immunized lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) for generating libraries of anti-carbohydrate (anti-glycan) variable lymphocyte receptor B, or VLRBs. The anti-carbohydrate VLRBs are isolated using a yeast surface display (YSD) expression platform and enriched by binding to glycan microarrays through the anti-glycan VLRB. This enables both the initial identification and enrichment of individual yeast clones against hundreds of glycans simultaneously. Through this enrichment strategy a broad array of glycan-specific VLRs can be isolated from the YSD library. Subsequently, the bound yeast cells are directly removed from the microarray, the VLR antibody clone is sequenced, and the end product is expressed as a VLR-IgG-Fc fusion protein that can be used for ELISA, Western blotting, flow cytometry, and immunomicroscopy. Thus, by combining yeast surface display with glycan microarray technology, we have developed a rapid, efficient, and novel method for generating chimeric VLR-IgG-Fc proteins that recognize a broad array of unique glycan structures with exquisite specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya R. McKitrick
- Dept. of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, U.S.A
| | - Melinda S. Hanes
- Dept. of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, U.S.A
| | - Charles S. Rosenberg
- Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Dept. of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, U.S.A
| | - Max D. Cooper
- Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | - Richard D. Cummings
- Dept. of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, U.S.A.,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Richard D. Cummings, Ph.D., Director, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, CLS 11087 - 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, Tel: 1-617-735-4643,
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19
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Bennett A, Hull J, Jolinon N, Tordo J, Moss K, Binns E, Mietzsch M, Hagemann C, Linden RM, Serio A, Chipman P, Sousa D, Broecker F, Seeberger P, Henckaerts E, McKenna R, Agbandje-McKenna M. Comparative structural, biophysical, and receptor binding study of true type and wild type AAV2. J Struct Biol 2021; 213:107795. [PMID: 34509611 PMCID: PMC9918372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2021.107795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are utilized as gene transfer vectors in the treatment of monogenic disorders. A variant, rationally engineered based on natural AAV2 isolates, designated AAV-True Type (AAV-TT), is highly neurotropic compared to wild type AAV2 in vivo, and vectors based on it, are currently being evaluated for central nervous system applications. AAV-TT differs from AAV2 by 14 amino acids, including R585S and R588T, two residues previously shown to be essential for heparan sulfate binding of AAV2. The capsid structures of AAV-TT and AAV2 visualized by cryo-electron microscopy at 3.4 and 3.0 Å resolution, respectively, highlighted structural perturbations at specific amino acid differences. Differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) performed at different pH conditions demonstrated that the melting temperature (Tm) of AAV2 was consistently ∼5 °C lower than AAV-TT, but both showed maximal stability at pH 5.5, corresponding to the pH in the late endosome, proposed as required for VP1u externalization to facilitate endosomal escape. Reintroduction of arginines at positions 585 and 588 in AAV-TT caused a reduction in Tm, demonstrating that the lack of basic amino acids at these positions are associated with capsid stability. These results provide structural and thermal annotation of AAV2/AAV-TT residue differences, that account for divergent cell binding, transduction, antigenic reactivity, and transduction of permissive tissues between the two viruses. Specifically, these data indicate that AAV-TT may not utilize a glycan receptor mediated pathway to enter cells and may have lower antigenic properties as compared to AAV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonette Bennett
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, The McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Joshua Hull
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, The McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Nelly Jolinon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - Katie Moss
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, The McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Enswert Binns
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, The McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mario Mietzsch
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, The McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Cathleen Hagemann
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE19RT, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Andrea Serio
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE19RT, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Paul Chipman
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, The McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Duncan Sousa
- Biological Science Imaging Resource, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, 89 Chieftan Way Rm 119, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Felix Broecker
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Seeberger
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Els Henckaerts
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; Laboratory of Viral Cell Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, The McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Mavis Agbandje-McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Structural Biology, The McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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20
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Zhang L, Yu H, Bai Y, Mishra B, Yang X, Wang J, Yu EB, Li R, Chen X. A Neoglycoprotein-Immobilized Fluorescent Magnetic Bead Suspension Multiplex Array for Galectin-Binding Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:6194. [PMID: 34684775 PMCID: PMC8541226 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate-protein conjugates have diverse applications. They have been used clinically as vaccines against bacterial infection and have been developed for high-throughput assays to elucidate the ligand specificities of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) and antibodies. Here, we report an effective process that combines highly efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of carbohydrates, production of carbohydrate-bovine serum albumin (glycan-BSA) conjugates using a squarate linker, and convenient immobilization of the resulting neoglycoproteins on carboxylate-coated fluorescent magnetic beads for the development of a suspension multiplex array platform. A glycan-BSA-bead array containing BSA and 50 glycan-BSA conjugates with tuned glycan valency was generated. The binding profiles of six plant lectins with binding preference towards Gal and/or GalNAc, as well as human galectin-3 and galectin-8, were readily obtained. Our results provide useful information to understand the multivalent glycan-binding properties of human galectins. The neoglycoprotein-immobilized fluorescent magnetic bead suspension multiplex array is a robust and flexible platform for rapid analysis of glycan and GBP interactions and will find broad applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.B.); (B.M.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (E.B.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.B.); (B.M.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (E.B.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Yuanyuan Bai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.B.); (B.M.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (E.B.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Bijoyananda Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.B.); (B.M.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (E.B.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.B.); (B.M.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (E.B.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.B.); (B.M.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (E.B.Y.); (R.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Evan B. Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.B.); (B.M.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (E.B.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Riyao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.B.); (B.M.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (E.B.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.B.); (B.M.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (E.B.Y.); (R.L.)
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21
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Characterization of Sialic Acid Affinity of the Binding Domain of Mistletoe Lectin Isoform One. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158284. [PMID: 34361050 PMCID: PMC8348413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid (Sia) is considered as one of the most important biomolecules of life since its derivatives and terminal orientations on cell membranes and macromolecules play a major role in many biological and pathological processes. To date, there is only a limited number of active molecules that can selectively bind to Sia and this limitation has made the study of this glycan challenging. The lectin superfamily is a well-known family of glycan binding proteins, which encompasses many strong glycan binding peptides with diverse glycan affinities. Mistletoe lectin (ML) is considered one of the most active members of lectin family which was initially classified in early studies as a galactose binding lectin; more recent studies have suggested that the peptide can also actively bind to Sia. However, the details with respect to Sia binding of ML and the domain responsible for this binding are left unanswered because no comprehensive studies have been instigated. In this study, we sought to identify the binding domain responsible for the sialic acid affinity of mistletoe lectin isoform I (MLI) in comparison to the binding activity of elderberry lectin isoform I (SNA), which has long been identified as a potent Sia binding lectin. In order to execute this, we performed computational carbohydrate-protein docking for MLB and SNA with Neu5Ac and β-Galactose. We further analyzed the coding sequence of both lectins and identified their glycan binding domains, which were later cloned upstream and downstream to green fluorescent protein (GFP) and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Finally, the glycan affinity of the expressed fusion proteins was assessed by using different biochemical and cell-based assays and the Sia binding domains were identified.
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22
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Jung J, Mundle ST, Ustyugova IV, Horton AP, Boutz DR, Pougatcheva S, Prabakaran P, McDaniel JR, King GR, Park D, Person MD, Ye C, Tan B, Tanno Y, Kim JE, Curtis NC, DiNapoli J, Delagrave S, Ross TM, Ippolito GC, Kleanthous H, Lee J, Georgiou G. Influenza vaccination in the elderly boosts antibodies against conserved viral proteins and egg-produced glycans. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:148763. [PMID: 34196304 PMCID: PMC8245176 DOI: 10.1172/jci148763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza vaccination elicits a diminished adaptive immune response in the elderly, and the mechanisms of immunosenescence are not fully understood. Using Ig-Seq, we found a marked increase with age in the prevalence of cross-reactive (CR) serum antibodies that recognize both the H1N1 (vaccine-H1) and H3N2 (vaccine-H3) components of an egg-produced split influenza vaccine. CR antibodies accounted for 73% ± 18% of the serum vaccine responses in a cohort of elderly donors, 65% ± 15% in late middle-aged donors, and only 13% ± 5% in persons under 35 years of age. The antibody response to non-HA antigens was boosted by vaccination. Recombinant expression of 19 vaccine-H1+H3 CR serum monoclonal antibodies (s-mAbs) revealed that they predominantly bound to non-HA influenza proteins. A sizable fraction of vaccine-H1+H3 CR s-mAbs recognized with high affinity the sulfated glycans, in particular sulfated type 2 N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-4GalNAcβ), which is found on egg-produced proteins and thus unlikely to contribute to protection against influenza infection in humans. Antibodies against sulfated glycans in egg-produced vaccine had been identified in animals but were not previously characterized in humans. Collectively, our results provide a quantitative basis for how repeated exposure to split influenza vaccine correlates with unintended focusing of serum antibody responses to non-HA antigens that may result in suboptimal immunity against influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Sophia T. Mundle
- Sanofi Pasteur Inc., Research North America, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Irina V. Ustyugova
- Sanofi Pasteur Inc., Research North America, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ponraj Prabakaran
- Sanofi Pasteur Inc., Research North America, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Daechan Park
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Maria D. Person
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Facility, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Congxi Ye
- Department of Molecular Biosciences
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Bing Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | | | - Jin Eyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Nicholas C. Curtis
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Joshua DiNapoli
- Sanofi Pasteur Inc., Research North America, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simon Delagrave
- Sanofi Pasteur Inc., Research North America, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Gregory C. Ippolito
- Department of Molecular Biosciences
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Harry Kleanthous
- Sanofi Pasteur Inc., Research North America, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Molecular Biosciences
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, and
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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23
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Li C, Palma AS, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Gao C, Silva LM, Li Z, Trovão F, Weishaupt M, Seeberger PH, Likhosherstov LM, Piskarev V, Yu J, Westerlind U, Chai W. Non-Covalent Microarrays from Synthetic Amino-Terminating Glycans-Implications in Expanding Glycan Microarray Diversity and Platform Comparison. Glycobiology 2021; 31:931-946. [PMID: 33978739 PMCID: PMC8434801 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycan microarrays have played important roles in detection and specificity assignment of glycan-recognition by proteins. However, the size and diversity of glycan libraries in current microarray systems are small compared to estimated glycomes, and these may lead to missed detection or incomplete assignment. For microarray construction, covalent and non-covalent immobilization are the two types of methods used, but a direct comparison of results from the two platforms is required. Here we develop a chemical strategy to prepare lipid-linked probes from both naturally-derived aldehyde-terminating and synthetic amino-terminating glycans that addresses the two aspects: expansion of sequence-defined glycan libraries and comparison of the two platforms. We demonstrate the specific recognition by plant and mammalian lectins, carbohydrate-binding modules and antibodies, and the overall similarities from the two platforms. Our results provide new knowledge on unique glycan-binding specificities for the immune-receptor Dectin-1 towards β-glucans and the interaction of rotavirus P[19] adhesive protein with mucin O-glycan cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy and Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Angelina S Palma
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pengtao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy and Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yibing Zhang
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Chao Gao
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Lisete M Silva
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Zhen Li
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Filipa Trovão
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Markus Weishaupt
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Leonid M Likhosherstov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Piskarev
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jin Yu
- Umeå University, Department of Chemistry, KBC-building, Linneaus väg 6, S-907 36 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Westerlind
- Umeå University, Department of Chemistry, KBC-building, Linneaus väg 6, S-907 36 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wengang Chai
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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24
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Li L, Guan W, Zhang G, Wu Z, Yu H, Chen X, Wang PG. Microarray analyses of closely related glycoforms reveal different accessibilities of glycan determinants on N-glycan branches. Glycobiology 2020; 30:334-345. [PMID: 32026940 PMCID: PMC7175966 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans mediate a wide variety of biological roles via recognition by glycan-binding proteins (GBPs). Comprehensive knowledge of such interaction is thus fundamental to glycobiology. While the primary binding feature of GBPs can be easily uncovered by using a simple glycan microarray harboring limited numbers of glycan motifs, their fine specificities are harder to interpret. In this study, we prepared 98 closely related N-glycoforms that contain 5 common glycan epitopes which allowed the determination of the fine binding specificities of several plant lectins and anti-glycan antibodies. These N-glycoforms differ from each other at the monosaccharide level and were presented in an identical format to ensure comparability. With the analysis platform we used, it was found that most tested GBPs have preferences toward only one branch of the complex N-glycans, and their binding toward the epitope-presenting branch can be significantly affected by structures on the other branch. Fine specificities described here are valuable for a comprehensive understanding and applications of GBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Wanyi Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Gaolan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Zhigang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Peng G Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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25
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McKitrick TR, Goth CK, Rosenberg CS, Nakahara H, Heimburg-Molinaro J, McQuillan AM, Falco R, Rivers NJ, Herrin BR, Cooper MD, Cummings RD. Development of smart anti-glycan reagents using immunized lampreys. Commun Biol 2020; 3:91. [PMID: 32111965 PMCID: PMC7048801 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0819-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the expression of cellular glycans are limited by a lack of sensitive tools that can discriminate specific structural features. Here we describe the development of a robust platform using immunized lampreys (Petromyzon marinus), which secrete variable lymphocyte receptors called VLRBs as antibodies, for generating libraries of anti-glycan reagents. We identified a wide variety of glycan-specific VLRBs detectable in lamprey plasma after immunization with whole fixed cells, tissue homogenates, and human milk. The cDNAs from lamprey lymphocytes were cloned into yeast surface display (YSD) libraries for enrichment by multiple methods. We generated VLRB-Ig chimeras, termed smart anti-glycan reagents (SAGRs), whose specificities were defined by microarray analysis and immunohistochemistry. 15 VLRB antibodies were discovered that discriminated between linkages, functional groups and unique presentations of the terminal glycan motif. The development of SAGRs will enhance future studies on glycan expression by providing sequenced, defined antibodies for a variety of research applications. Tanya McKitrick et al. develop a platform for generating libraries of anti-glycan reagents using immunized lampreys. They identify 15 glycan-specific lymphocyte receptor antibodies that can distinguish between different functional groups of the terminal glycan motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya R McKitrick
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Christoffer K Goth
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,University of Copenhagen Glycomics Program, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charles S Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Hirotomo Nakahara
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Alyssa M McQuillan
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Rosalia Falco
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nicholas J Rivers
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Brantley R Herrin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Acceleron Pharma, Boston, MA, 02110, USA
| | - Max D Cooper
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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26
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Watanabe Y, Bowden TA, Wilson IA, Crispin M. Exploitation of glycosylation in enveloped virus pathobiology. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1480-1497. [PMID: 31121217 PMCID: PMC6686077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification responsible for a multitude of crucial biological roles. As obligate parasites, viruses exploit host-cell machinery to glycosylate their own proteins during replication. Viral envelope proteins from a variety of human pathogens including HIV-1, influenza virus, Lassa virus, SARS, Zika virus, dengue virus, and Ebola virus have evolved to be extensively glycosylated. These host-cell derived glycans facilitate diverse structural and functional roles during the viral life-cycle, ranging from immune evasion by glycan shielding to enhancement of immune cell infection. In this review, we highlight the imperative and auxiliary roles glycans play, and how specific oligosaccharide structures facilitate these functions during viral pathogenesis. We discuss the growing efforts to exploit viral glycobiology in the development of anti-viral vaccines and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Watanabe
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Thomas A Bowden
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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27
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Kim SC, Mathews DV, Breeden CP, Higginbotham LB, Ladowski J, Martens G, Stephenson A, Farris AB, Strobert EA, Jenkins J, Walters EM, Larsen CP, Tector M, Tector AJ, Adams AB. Long-term survival of pig-to-rhesus macaque renal xenografts is dependent on CD4 T cell depletion. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:2174-2185. [PMID: 30821922 PMCID: PMC6658347 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The shortage of available organs remains the greatest barrier to expanding access to transplant. Despite advances in genetic editing and immunosuppression, survival in experimental models of kidney xenotransplant has generally been limited to <100 days. We found that pretransplant selection of recipients with low titers of anti-pig antibodies significantly improved survival in a pig-to-rhesus macaque kidney transplant model (6 days vs median survival time 235 days). Immunosuppression included transient pan-T cell depletion and an anti-CD154-based maintenance regimen. Selective depletion of CD4+ T cells but not CD8+ T cells resulted in long-term survival (median survival time >400 days vs 6 days). These studies suggested that CD4+ T cells may have a more prominent role in xenograft rejection compared with CD8+ T cells. Although animals that received selective depletion of CD8+ T cells showed signs of early cellular rejection (marked CD4+ infiltrates), animals receiving selective CD4+ depletion exhibited normal biopsy results until late, when signs of chronic antibody rejection were present. In vitro study results suggested that rhesus CD4+ T cells required the presence of SLA class II to mount an effective proliferative response. The combination of low pretransplant anti-pig antibody and CD4 depletion resulted in consistent, long-term xenograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- SC Kim
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - DV Mathews
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - CP Breeden
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - LB Higginbotham
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - J Ladowski
- National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - G Martens
- National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - A Stephenson
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - AB Farris
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - EA Strobert
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - J Jenkins
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - EM Walters
- National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - CP Larsen
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - M Tector
- Comprehensive Transplant Institute, University of Alabama Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - AJ Tector
- Comprehensive Transplant Institute, University of Alabama Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - AB Adams
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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28
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Breimer ME, Holgersson J. The Structural Complexity and Animal Tissue Distribution of N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid (Neu5Gc)-Terminated Glycans. Implications for Their Immunogenicity in Clinical Xenografting. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:57. [PMID: 31428616 PMCID: PMC6690001 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc)-terminated glycans are present in all animal cells/tissues that are already used in the clinic such as bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV) as well as in those that potentially will be xenografted in the future to overcome end stage cell/organ failure. Humans, as a species lack this antigen determinant and can react with an immune response after exposure to Neu5Gc present in these products/cells/tissues. Genetically engineered source animals lacking Neu5Gc has been generated and so has animals that in addition lack the major αGal xenoantigen. The use of cells/tissues/organs from such animals may improve the long-term performance of BHV and allow future xenografting. This review summarizes the present knowledge regarding structural complexity and tissue distribution of Neu5Gc on glycans of cells/tissue/organs already used in the clinic or intended for treatment of end stage organ failure by xenografting. In addition, we briefly discuss the role of anti-Neu5Gc antibodies in the xenorejection process and how knowledge about Neu5Gc structural complexity can be used to design novel diagnostics for anti-Neu5Gc antibody detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Breimer
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Holgersson
- Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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29
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Yan M, Zhu Y, Liu X, Lasanajak Y, Xiong J, Lu J, Lin X, Ashline D, Reinhold V, Smith DF, Song X. Next-Generation Glycan Microarray Enabled by DNA-Coded Glycan Library and Next-Generation Sequencing Technology. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9221-9228. [PMID: 31187982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Interactions of glycans with proteins, cells, and microorganisms play important roles in cell-cell adhesion and host-pathogen interaction. Glycan microarray technology, in which multiple glycan structures are immobilized on a single glass slide and interrogated with glycan-binding proteins (GBPs), has become an indispensable tool in the study of protein-glycan interactions. Despite its great success, the current format of the glycan microarray requires expensive, specialized instrumentation and labor-intensive assay and image processing procedures, which limit automation and possibilities for high-throughput analyses. Furthermore, the current microarray is not suitable for assaying interaction with intact cells due to their large size compared to the two-dimensional microarray surface. To address these limitations, we developed the next-generation glycan microarray (NGGM) based on artificial DNA coding of glycan structures. In this novel approach, a glycan library is presented as a mixture of glycans and glycoconjugates, each of which is coded with a unique oligonucleotide sequence (code). The glycan mixture is interrogated by GBPs followed by the separation of unbound coded glycans. The DNA sequences that identify individual bound glycans are quantitatively sequenced (decoded) by powerful next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, and copied numbers of the DNA codes represent relative binding specificities of corresponding glycan structures to GBPs. We demonstrate that NGGM generates glycan-GBP binding data that are consistent with that generated in a slide-based glycan microarray. More importantly, the solution phase binding assay is directly applicable to identifying glycan binding to intact cells, which is often challenging using glass slide-based glycan microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Ashline
- College of Life Sciences and Agriculture , University of New Hampshire , Durham , New Hampshire 03824 , United States
| | - Vernon Reinhold
- College of Life Sciences and Agriculture , University of New Hampshire , Durham , New Hampshire 03824 , United States
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30
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Thakur K, Kaur T, Kaur M, Hora R, Singh J. Exploration of carbohydrate binding behavior and anti-proliferative activities of Arisaema tortuosum lectin. BMC Mol Biol 2019; 20:15. [PMID: 31064325 PMCID: PMC6505227 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-019-0132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lectins have come a long way from being identified as proteins that agglutinate cells to promising therapeutic agents in modern medicine. Through their specific binding property, they have proven to be anti-cancer, anti-insect, anti-viral agents without affecting the non-target cells. The Arisaema tortuosum lectin (ATL) is a known anti-insect and anti-cancer candidate, also has interesting physical properties. In the present work, its carbohydrate binding behavior is investigated in detail, along with its anti-proliferative property. RESULTS The microcalorimetry of ATL with a complex glycoprotein asialofetuin demonstrated trivalency contributed by multiple binding sites and enthalpically driven spontaneous association. The complex sugar specificity of ATL towards multiple sugars was also demonstrated in glycan array analysis in which the trimannosyl pentasaccharide core N-glycan [Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAcβ] was the highest binding motif. The high binding glycans for ATL were high mannans, complex N-glycans, core fucosylated N-glycans and glycans with terminal lactosamine units attached to pentasaccharide core. ATL induced cell death in IMR-32 cells was observed as time dependent loss in cell number, formation of apoptotic bodies and DNA damage. As a first report of molecular cloning of ATL, the in silico analysis of its cDNA revealed ATL to be a β-sheet rich heterotetramer. A homology model of ATL showed beta prism architecture in each monomer with 85% residues in favoured region of Ramachandran plot. CONCLUSIONS Detailed exploration of carbohydrate binding behavior indicated ATL specificity towards complex glycans, while no binding to simple sugars, including mannose. Sequence analysis of ATL cDNA revealed that during the tandem evolutionary events, domain duplication and mutations lead to the loss of mannose specificity, acquiring of new sugar specificity towards complex sugars. It also resulted in the formation of a two-domain single chain polypeptide with both domains having different binding sites due to mutations within the consensus carbohydrate recognition sites [QXDXNXVXY]. This unique sugar specificity can account for its significant biological properties. Overall finding of present work signifies anti-cancer, anti-insect and anti-viral potential of ATL making it an interesting molecule for future research and/or theragnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshema Thakur
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
- Present Address: Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Y.S.P. Govt. Medical College, Distt. Sirmaur, Nahan, H.P 173001 India
| | - Tarnjeet Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Rachna Hora
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Jatinder Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
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Lectins and ELLSA as powerful tools for glycoconjugate recognition analyses. Glycoconj J 2019; 36:175-183. [PMID: 30993518 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-019-09865-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lectins, in combination with our established enzyme-linked lectin sorbent assay (ELLSA) and inhibition study, have been used as powerful tools in many glycoconjugate recognition studies. In this short review, we highlight the following: (i) The recognition profiles of Gal/GalNAc-specific lectins were updated and upgraded. (ii) Based on the cross-specificities of applied lectins, a new classification system was introduced. (iii) Applications of lectins for the detection and identification of N-glycan and/or Tn glycotope in glycoconjugates were intergraded. (iv) The polyvalency of the glycotopes in glycans was found to play a critical role in glycan-lectin recognition. This is an unexplored area of glycobiology and one of the most promising directions toward the coming glycoscience transformation.
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Houeix B, Cairns MT. Engineering of CHO cells for the production of vertebrate recombinant sialyltransferases. PeerJ 2019; 7:e5788. [PMID: 30775162 PMCID: PMC6375257 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sialyltransferases (SIATs) are a family of enzymes that transfer sialic acid (Sia) to glycan chains on glycoproteins, glycolipids, and oligosaccharides. They play key roles in determining cell–cell and cell-matrix interactions and are important in neuronal development, immune regulation, protein stability and clearance. Most fully characterized SIATs are of mammalian origin and these have been used for in vitro and in vivo modification of glycans. Additional versatility could be achieved by the use of animal SIATs from other species that live in much more variable environments. Our aim was to generate a panel of stable CHO cell lines expressing a range of vertebrate SIATs with different physicochemical and functional properties. Methods The soluble forms of various animal ST6Gal and ST3Gal enzymes were stably expressed from a Gateway-modified secretion vector in CHO cells. The secreted proteins were IMAC-purified from serum-free media. Functionality of the protein was initially assessed by lectin binding to the host CHO cells. Activity of purified proteins was determined by a number of approaches that included a phosphate-linked sialyltransferase assay, HILIC-HPLC identification of sialyllactose products and enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA). Results A range of sialyltransferase from mammals, birds and fish were stably expressed in CHO Flp-In cells. The stable cell lines expressing ST6Gal1 modify the glycans on the surface of the CHO cells as detected by fluorescently labelled lectin microscopy. The catalytic domains, as isolated by Ni Sepharose from culture media, have enzymatic activities comparable to commercial enzymes. Sialyllactoses were identified by HILIC-HPLC on incubation of the enzymes from lactose or whey permeate. The enzymes also increased SNA-I labelling of asialofetuin when incubated in a plate format. Conclusion Stable cell lines are available that may provide options for the in vivo sialylation of glycoproteins. Proteins are active and should display a variety of biological and physicochemical properties based on the animal source of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Houeix
- Glycoscience Group, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael T Cairns
- Glycoscience Group, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Hunter CD, Guo T, Daskhan G, Richards MR, Cairo CW. Synthetic Strategies for Modified Glycosphingolipids and Their Design as Probes. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8188-8241. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmanah D. Hunter
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Tianlin Guo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Gour Daskhan
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michele R. Richards
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Christopher W. Cairo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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34
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Ituarte S, Brola TR, Fernández PE, Mu H, Qiu JW, Heras H, Dreon MS. A lectin of a non-invasive apple snail as an egg defense against predation alters the rat gut morphophysiology. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198361. [PMID: 29856808 PMCID: PMC5983499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The eggs of the freshwater Pomacea apple snails develop above the water level, exposed to varied physical and biological stressors. Their high hatching success seems to be linked to their proteins or perivitellins, which surround the developing embryo providing nutrients, sunscreens and varied defenses. The defensive mechanism has been unveiled in P. canaliculata and P. maculata eggs, where their major perivitellins are pigmented, non-digestible and provide a warning coloration while another perivitellin acts as a toxin. In P. scalaris, a species sympatric to the former, the defense strategy seems different, since no toxin was found and the major perivitellin, PsSC, while also colored and non-digestible, is a carbohydrate-binding protein. In this study we examine the structure and function of PsSC by sequencing its subunits, characterizing its carbohydrate binding profile and evaluating its effect on gut cells. Whereas cDNA sequencing and database search showed no lectin domain, glycan array carbohydrate binding profile revealed a strong specificity for glycosphingolipids and ABO group antigens. Moreover, PsSC agglutinated bacteria in a dose-dependent manner. Inspired on the defensive properties of seed lectins we evaluated the effects of PsSC on intestinal cells both in vitro (Caco-2 and IEC-6 cells) and in the gastrointestinal tract of rats. PsSC binds to Caco-2 cell membranes without reducing its viability, while a PsSC-containing diet temporarily induces large epithelium alterations and an increased absorptive surface. Based on these results, we propose that PsSC is involved in embryo defenses by altering the gut morphophysiology of potential predators, a convergent role to plant defensive lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Ituarte
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)–CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Tabata Romina Brola
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)–CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Patricia Elena Fernández
- Instituto de Patología B. Epstein, Cátedra de Patología General Veterinaria, Facultad Ciencias Veterinarias, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Huawei Mu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Wen Qiu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Horacio Heras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)–CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcos Sebastián Dreon
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)–CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
- Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
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35
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Iwaki J, Hirabayashi J. Carbohydrate-Binding Specificity of Human Galectins: An Overview by Frontal Affinity Chromatography. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2018. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1728.1se] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Iwaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
| | - Jun Hirabayashi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
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36
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Bojarová P, Křen V. Sugared biomaterial binding lectins: achievements and perspectives. Biomater Sci 2018; 4:1142-60. [PMID: 27075026 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00088f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lectins, a distinct group of glycan-binding proteins, play a prominent role in the immune system ranging from pathogen recognition and tuning of inflammation to cell adhesion or cellular signalling. The possibilities of their detailed study expanded along with the rapid development of biomaterials in the last decade. The immense knowledge of all aspects of glycan-lectin interactions both in vitro and in vivo may be efficiently used in bioimaging, targeted drug delivery, diagnostic and analytic biological methods. Practically applicable examples comprise photoluminescence and optical biosensors, ingenious three-dimensional carbohydrate microarrays for high-throughput screening, matrices for magnetic resonance imaging, targeted hyperthermal treatment of cancer tissues, selective inhibitors of bacterial toxins and pathogen-recognising lectin receptors, and many others. This review aims to present an up-to-date systematic overview of glycan-decorated biomaterials promising for interactions with lectins, especially those applicable in biology, biotechnology or medicine. The lectins of interest include galectin-1, -3 and -7 participating in tumour progression, bacterial lectins from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA-IL), E. coli (Fim-H) and Clostridium botulinum (HA33) or DC-SIGN, receptors of macrophages and dendritic cells. The spectrum of lectin-binding biomaterials covered herein ranges from glycosylated organic structures, calixarene and fullerene cores over glycopeptides and glycoproteins, functionalised carbohydrate scaffolds of cyclodextrin or chitin to self-assembling glycopolymer clusters, gels, micelles and liposomes. Glyconanoparticles, glycan arrays, and other biomaterials with a solid core are described in detail, including inorganic matrices like hydroxyapatite or stainless steel for bioimplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bojarová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - V Křen
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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37
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Thakur K, Kaur T, Singh J, Rabbani G, Khan RH, Hora R, Kaur M. Sauromatum guttatum lectin: Spectral studies, lectin-carbohydrate interaction, molecular cloning and in silico analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:1267-1279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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38
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Artigas G, Monteiro JT, Hinou H, Nishimura SI, Lepenies B, Garcia-Martin F. Glycopeptides as Targets for Dendritic Cells: Exploring MUC1 Glycopeptides Binding Profile toward Macrophage Galactose-Type Lectin (MGL) Orthologs. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9012-9021. [PMID: 29045792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL) recognizes glycan moieties exposed by pathogens and malignant cells. Particularly, mucin-1 (MUC1) glycoprotein presents an altered glycosylation in several cancers. To estimate the ability of distinct MGL orthologs to recognize aberrant glycan cores in mucins, we applied evanescent-field detection to a versatile MUC1-like glycopeptide microarray platform. Here, as binding was sequence-dependent, we demonstrated that not only sugars but also peptide region impact the recognition of murine MGL1 (mMGL1). In addition, we observed for all three MGL orthologs that divalent glycan presentation increased the binding. To assess the utility of the glycopeptide binders of the MGL orthologs for MGL targeting, we performed uptake assays with fluorescein-MUC1 using murine dendritic cells. A diglycosylated MUC1 peptide was preferentially internalized in an MGL-dependent fashion, thus showing the utility for divalent MGL targeting. These findings may be relevant to a rational design of antitumor vaccines targeting dendritic cells via MGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Artigas
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University , N21, W11, Kita-ku, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
| | - João T Monteiro
- Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Hinou
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University , N21, W11, Kita-ku, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan.,Medicinal Chemistry Pharmaceuticals, Co., Ltd. N9W15, Chuo-ku, 060-0009 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Nishimura
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University , N21, W11, Kita-ku, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan.,Medicinal Chemistry Pharmaceuticals, Co., Ltd. N9W15, Chuo-ku, 060-0009 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Fayna Garcia-Martin
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University , N21, W11, Kita-ku, 001-0021 Sapporo, Japan
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Cytotoxic protein from the mushroom Coprinus comatus possesses a unique mode for glycan binding and specificity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:8980-8985. [PMID: 28784797 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706894114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans possess significant chemical diversity; glycan binding proteins (GBPs) recognize specific glycans to translate their structures to functions in various physiological and pathological processes. Therefore, the discovery and characterization of novel GBPs and characterization of glycan-GBP interactions are significant to provide potential targets for therapeutic intervention of many diseases. Here, we report the biochemical, functional, and structural characterization of a 130-amino-acid protein, Y3, from the mushroom Coprinus comatus Biochemical studies of recombinant Y3 from a yeast expression system demonstrated the protein is a unique GBP. Additionally, we show that Y3 exhibits selective and potent cytotoxicity toward human T-cell leukemia Jurkat cells compared with a panel of cancer cell lines via inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis. Screening of a glycan array demonstrated GalNAcβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc (LDNF) as a specific Y3-binding ligand. To provide a structural basis for function, the crystal structure was solved to a resolution of 1.2 Å, revealing a single-domain αβα-sandwich motif. Two monomers were dimerized to form a large 10-stranded, antiparallel β-sheet flanked by α-helices on each side, representing a unique oligomerization mode among GBPs. A large glycan binding pocket extends into the dimeric interface, and docking of LDNF identified key residues for glycan interactions. Disruption of residues predicted to be involved in LDNF/Y3 interactions resulted in the significant loss of binding to Jurkat T-cells and severely impaired their cytotoxicity. Collectively, these results demonstrate Y3 to be a GBP with selective cytotoxicity toward human T-cell leukemia cells and indicate its potential use in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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40
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Lusvarghi S, Ghirlando R, Davison JR, Bewley CA. Chemical and Biophysical Approaches for Complete Characterization of Lectin-Carbohydrate Interactions. Methods Enzymol 2017; 598:3-35. [PMID: 29306440 PMCID: PMC6141027 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins unrelated to antibodies or enzymes. While carbohydrates are present on all cells and pathogens, lectins are also ubiquitous in nature and their interactions with glycans mediate countless biological and physical interactions. Due to the multivalency found in both lectins and their glycan-binding partners, complete characterization of these interactions can be complex and typically requires the use of multiple complimentary techniques. In this chapter, we provide a general strategy and protocols for chemical and biophysical approaches that can be used to characterize carbohydrate-mediated interactions in the context of individual oligosaccharides, as part of a glycoprotein, and ending with visualization of interactions with whole virions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rodolfo Ghirlando
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jack R Davison
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Carole A Bewley
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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41
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Han L, Shams-Ud-Doha K, Kitova EN, Klassen JS. Screening Oligosaccharide Libraries against Lectins Using the Proxy Protein Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Assay. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8224-31. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Han
- Alberta Glycomics Centre
and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G
2G2
| | - Km Shams-Ud-Doha
- Alberta Glycomics Centre
and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G
2G2
| | - Elena N. Kitova
- Alberta Glycomics Centre
and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G
2G2
| | - John S. Klassen
- Alberta Glycomics Centre
and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G
2G2
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42
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Grant OC, Tessier MB, Meche L, Mahal LK, Foley BL, Woods RJ. Combining 3D structure with glycan array data provides insight into the origin of glycan specificity. Glycobiology 2016; 26:772-783. [PMID: 26911287 PMCID: PMC4976521 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining how a glycan-binding protein (GBP) specifically selects its cognate glycan from among the ensemble of glycans within the cellular glycome is an area of intense study. Powerful insight into recognition mechanisms can be gained from 3D structures of GBPs complexed to glycans; however, such structures remain difficult to obtain experimentally. Here an automated 3D structure generation technique, called computational carbohydrate grafting, is combined with the wealth of specificity information available from glycan array screening. Integration of the array data with modeling and crystallography allows generation of putative co-complex structures that can be objectively assessed and iteratively altered until a high level of agreement with experiment is achieved. Given an accurate model of the co-complexes, grafting is also able to discern which binding determinants are active when multiple potential determinants are present within a glycan. In some cases, induced fit in the protein or glycan was necessary to explain the observed specificity, while in other examples a revised definition of the minimal binding determinants was required. When applied to a collection of 10 GBP-glycan complexes, for which crystallographic and array data have been reported, grafting provided a structural rationalization for the binding specificity of >90% of 1223 arrayed glycans. A webtool that enables researchers to perform computational carbohydrate grafting is available at www.glycam.org/gr (accessed 03 March 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C Grant
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Matthew B Tessier
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lawrence Meche
- New York University Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Chemistry Institute, 100 Washington Square East, Room 1001, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Lara K Mahal
- New York University Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Chemistry Institute, 100 Washington Square East, Room 1001, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Bethany L Foley
- New York University Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Chemistry Institute, 100 Washington Square East, Room 1001, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Robert J Woods
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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43
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Li X, Martin SJH, Chinoy ZS, Liu L, Rittgers B, Dluhy RA, Boons GJ. Label-Free Detection of Glycan-Protein Interactions for Array Development by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). Chemistry 2016; 22:11180-11185. [PMID: 27304194 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A glyco-array platform has been developed, in which glycans are attached to plasmonic nanoparticles through strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Glycan-protein binding events can then be detected in a label-free manner employing surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). As proof of concept, we have analyzed the binding of Gal1, Gal3, and influenza hemagglutinins (HAs) to various glycans and demonstrated that binding partners can be identified with high confidence. The attraction of SERS for optical sensing is that it can provide unique spectral signatures for glycan-protein complexes, confirm identity through statistical validation, and minimizes false positive results common to indirect methods. Furthermore, SERS is very sensitive and has multiplexing capabilities thereby allowing the simultaneous detection of multiple analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuru Li
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Chemistry The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
| | - Sharon J H Martin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
| | - Zoeisha S Chinoy
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Chemistry The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 (USA).,Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
| | - Lin Liu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Chemistry The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
| | - Brandon Rittgers
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
| | - Richard A Dluhy
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602 (USA).,Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL 35294 (USA)
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Chemistry The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 (USA).,Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602 (USA).,Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht (The Netherlands)
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Khatri K, Klein JA, White MR, Grant OC, Leymarie N, Woods RJ, Hartshorn KL, Zaia J. Integrated Omics and Computational Glycobiology Reveal Structural Basis for Influenza A Virus Glycan Microheterogeneity and Host Interactions. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:1895-912. [PMID: 26984886 PMCID: PMC5083086 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.058016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite sustained biomedical research effort, influenza A virus remains an imminent threat to the world population and a major healthcare burden. The challenge in developing vaccines against influenza is the ability of the virus to mutate rapidly in response to selective immune pressure. Hemagglutinin is the predominant surface glycoprotein and the primary determinant of antigenicity, virulence and zoonotic potential. Mutations leading to changes in the number of HA glycosylation sites are often reported. Such genetic sequencing studies predict at best the disruption or creation of sequons for N-linked glycosylation; they do not reflect actual phenotypic changes in HA structure. Therefore, combined analysis of glycan micro and macro-heterogeneity and bioassays will better define the relationships among glycosylation, viral bioactivity and evolution. We present a study that integrates proteomics, glycomics and glycoproteomics of HA before and after adaptation to innate immune system pressure. We combined this information with glycan array and immune lectin binding data to correlate the phenotypic changes with biological activity. Underprocessed glycoforms predominated at the glycosylation sites found to be involved in viral evolution in response to selection pressures and interactions with innate immune-lectins. To understand the structural basis for site-specific glycan microheterogeneity at these sites, we performed structural modeling and molecular dynamics simulations. We observed that the presence of immature, high-mannose type glycans at a particular site correlated with reduced accessibility to glycan remodeling enzymes. Further, the high mannose glycans at sites implicated in immune lectin recognition were predicted to be capable of forming trimeric interactions with the immune-lectin surfactant protein-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitij Khatri
- From the ‡Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Joshua A Klein
- From the ‡Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118; §Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Mitchell R White
- ¶Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Oliver C Grant
- ‖Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Nancy Leymarie
- From the ‡Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Robert J Woods
- ‖Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Kevan L Hartshorn
- ¶Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Joseph Zaia
- From the ‡Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118; §Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215;
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Song X, Ju H, Lasanajak Y, Kudelka MR, Smith DF, Cummings RD. Oxidative release of natural glycans for functional glycomics. Nat Methods 2016; 13:528-34. [PMID: 27135973 PMCID: PMC4887297 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycans have essential roles in biology and the etiology of many diseases. A major hurdle in studying glycans through functional glycomics is the lack of methods to release glycans from diverse types of biological samples. Here we describe an oxidative strategy using household bleach to release all types of free reducing N-glycans and O-glycan-acids from glycoproteins, and glycan nitriles from glycosphingolipids. Released glycans are directly useful in glycomic analyses and can be derivatized fluorescently for functional glycomics. This chemical method overcomes the limitations in glycan generation and promotes archiving and characterization of human and animal glycomes and their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hong Ju
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yi Lasanajak
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Matthew R Kudelka
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David F Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Noll AJ, Gourdine JP, Yu Y, Lasanajak Y, Smith DF, Cummings RD. Galectins are human milk glycan receptors. Glycobiology 2016; 26:655-69. [PMID: 26747425 PMCID: PMC4847615 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological recognition of human milk glycans (HMGs) is poorly understood. Because HMGs are rich in galactose we explored whether they might interact with human galectins, which bind galactose-containing glycans and are highly expressed in epithelial cells and other cell types. We screened a number of human galectins for their binding to HMGs on a shotgun glycan microarray consisting of 247 HMGs derived from human milk, as well as to a defined HMG microarray. Recombinant human galectins (hGal)-1, -3, -4, -7, -8 and -9 bound selectively to glycans, with each galectin recognizing a relatively unique binding motif; by contrast hGal-2 did not recognize HMGs, but did bind to the human blood group A Type 2 determinants on other microarrays. Unlike other galectins, hGal-7 preferentially bound to glycans expressing a terminal Type 1 (Galβ1-3GlcNAc) sequence, a motif that had eluded detection on non-HMG glycan microarrays. Interactions with HMGs were confirmed in a solution setting by isothermal titration microcalorimetry and hapten inhibition experiments. These results demonstrate that galectins selectively bind to HMGs and suggest the possibility that galectin-HMG interactions may play a role in infant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Noll
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Ying Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yi Lasanajak
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David F Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, CLS 11087-3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Jiménez-Castells C, Stanton R, Yan S, Kosma P, Wilson IB. Development of a multifunctional aminoxy-based fluorescent linker for glycan immobilization and analysis. Glycobiology 2016; 26:1297-1307. [PMID: 27222531 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycan arrays have become a technique of choice to screen glycan-protein interactions in a high-throughput manner with high sensitivity and low sample consumption. Here, the synthesis of a new multifunctional fluorescent linker for glycan labeling via aminoxy ligation and immobilization is described; the linker features a fluorescent naphthalene group suitable for highly sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-based purification and an azido- or amino-modified pentanoyl moiety for the immobilization onto solid supports. Several glycoconjugates displaying small sugar epitopes via chemical or chemoenzymatic synthesis were covalently attached onto a microarray support and tested with lectins of known carbohydrate binding specificity. The glycan library was extended using glycosyltransferases (e.g. galactosyl-, sialyl- and fucosyltransferases); the resulting neoglycoconjugates, which are easily detected by mass spectrometry, mimic antennal elements of N- and O-glycans, including ABH blood group epitopes and sialylated structures. Furthermore, an example natural plant N-glycan containing core α1,3-fucose and β1,2-xylose was also successfully conjugated to the fluorescent linker, immobilized and probed with lectins as well as antihorseradish peroxidase. These experiments validate our linker as being a potentially valuable tool to study glycozyme and lectin specificities, sensitive enough to allow purification of natural glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rhiannon Stanton
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Shi Yan
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Paul Kosma
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Iain Bh Wilson
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, 1190 Wien, Austria
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Thiemann S, Baum LG. Galectins and Immune Responses—Just How Do They Do Those Things They Do? Annu Rev Immunol 2016; 34:243-64. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-041015-055402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Thiemann
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; ,
| | - Linda G. Baum
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; ,
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49
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Noll AJ, Yu Y, Lasanajak Y, Duska-McEwen G, Buck RH, Smith DF, Cummings RD. Human DC-SIGN binds specific human milk glycans. Biochem J 2016; 473:1343-53. [PMID: 26976925 PMCID: PMC4875834 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Human milk glycans (HMGs) are prebiotics, pathogen receptor decoys and regulators of host physiology and immune responses. Mechanistically, human lectins (glycan-binding proteins, hGBP) expressed by dendritic cells (DCs) are of major interest, as these cells directly contact HMGs. To explore such interactions, we screened many C-type lectins and sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) expressed by DCs for glycan binding on microarrays presenting over 200 HMGs. Unexpectedly, DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) showed robust binding to many HMGs, whereas other C-type lectins failed to bind, and Siglec-5 and Siglec-9 showed weak binding to a few glycans. By contrast, most hGBP bound to multiple glycans on other microarrays lacking HMGs. An α-linked fucose residue was characteristic of HMGs bound by DC-SIGN. Binding of DC-SIGN to the simple HMGs 2'-fucosyl-lactose (2'-FL) and 3-fucosyl-lactose (3-FL) was confirmed by flow cytometry to beads conjugated with 2'-FL or 3-FL, as well as the ability of the free glycans to inhibit DC-SIGN binding. 2'-FL had an IC50 of ∼1 mM for DC-SIGN, which is within the physiological concentration of 2'-FL in human milk. These results demonstrate that DC-SIGN among the many hGBP expressed by DCs binds to α-fucosylated HMGs, and suggest that such interactions may be important in influencing immune responses in the developing infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Noll
- The Glycomics Center, Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, U.S.A. Program in Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, U.S.A
| | - Ying Yu
- The Glycomics Center, Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, U.S.A
| | - Yi Lasanajak
- The Glycomics Center, Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, U.S.A
| | | | - Rachael H Buck
- Abbott Nutrition, Global Discovery R&D, Columbus, OH 43215, U.S.A
| | - David F Smith
- The Glycomics Center, Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, U.S.A
| | - Richard D Cummings
- The Glycomics Center, Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, U.S.A.
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50
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The Cryptosporidium parvum C-Type Lectin CpClec Mediates Infection of Intestinal Epithelial Cells via Interactions with Sulfated Proteoglycans. Infect Immun 2016; 84:1593-1602. [PMID: 26975991 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01410-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The apicomplexan parasite Cryptosporidium causes significant diarrheal disease worldwide. Effective anticryptosporidial agents are lacking, in part because the molecular mechanisms underlying Cryptosporidium-host cell interactions are poorly understood. Previously, we identified and characterized a novel Cryptosporidium parvum C-type lectin domain-containing mucin-like glycoprotein, CpClec. In this study, we evaluated the mechanisms underlying interactions of CpClec with intestinal epithelial cells by using an Fc-tagged recombinant protein. CpClec-Fc displayed Ca(2+)-dependent, saturable binding to HCT-8 and Caco-2 cells and competitively inhibited C. parvum attachment to and infection of HCT-8 cells. Binding of CpClec-Fc was specifically inhibited by sulfated glycosaminoglycans, particularly heparin and heparan sulfate. Binding was reduced after the removal of heparan sulfate and following the inhibition of glycosaminoglycan synthesis or sulfation in HCT-8 cells. Like CpClec-Fc binding, C. parvum attachment to and infection of HCT-8 cells were inhibited by glycosaminoglycans and were reduced after heparan sulfate removal or inhibition of glycosaminoglycan synthesis or sulfation. Lastly, CpClec-Fc binding and C. parvum sporozoite attachment were significantly decreased in CHO cell mutants defective in glycosaminoglycan synthesis. Together, these results indicate that CpClec is a novel C-type lectin that mediates C. parvum attachment and infection via Ca(2+)-dependent binding to sulfated proteoglycans on intestinal epithelial cells.
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