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Ortega JA, Soares de Aguiar GP, Chandravanshi P, Levy N, Engel E, Álvarez Z. Exploring the properties and potential of the neural extracellular matrix for next-generation regenerative therapies. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1962. [PMID: 38723788 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic and complex network of proteins and molecules that surrounds cells and tissues in the nervous system and orchestrates a myriad of biological functions. This review carefully examines the diverse interactions between cells and the ECM, as well as the transformative chemical and physical changes that the ECM undergoes during neural development, aging, and disease. These transformations play a pivotal role in shaping tissue morphogenesis and neural activity, thereby influencing the functionality of the central nervous system (CNS). In our comprehensive review, we describe the diverse behaviors of the CNS ECM in different physiological and pathological scenarios and explore the unique properties that make ECM-based strategies attractive for CNS repair and regeneration. Addressing the challenges of scalability, variability, and integration with host tissues, we review how advanced natural, synthetic, and combinatorial matrix approaches enhance biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and functional recovery. Overall, this review highlights the potential of decellularized ECM as a powerful tool for CNS modeling and regenerative purposes and sets the stage for future research in this exciting field. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alberto Ortega
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Gisele P Soares de Aguiar
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Palash Chandravanshi
- Biomaterials for Neural Regeneration Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natacha Levy
- Biomaterials for Neural Regeneration Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- IMEM-BRT Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, EEBE, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zaida Álvarez
- Biomaterials for Neural Regeneration Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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2
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Hussain MS, Moglad E, Afzal M, Sharma S, Gupta G, Sivaprasad GV, Deorari M, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Shahwan M, Pant K, Ali H, Singh SK, Dua K, Subramaniyan V. Autophagy-associated non-coding RNAs: Unraveling their impact on Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14763. [PMID: 38790149 PMCID: PMC11126788 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative neurological condition marked by the gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The precise etiology of PD remains unclear, but emerging evidence suggests a significant role for disrupted autophagy-a crucial cellular process for maintaining protein and organelle integrity. METHODS This review focuses on the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in modulating autophagy in PD. We conducted a comprehensive review of recent studies to explore how ncRNAs influence autophagy and contribute to PD pathophysiology. Special attention was given to the examination of ncRNAs' regulatory impacts in various PD models and patient samples. RESULTS Findings reveal that ncRNAs are pivotal in regulating key processes associated with PD progression, including autophagy, α-synuclein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. Dysregulation of specific ncRNAs appears to be closely linked to these pathogenic processes. CONCLUSION ncRNAs hold significant therapeutic potential for addressing autophagy-related mechanisms in PD. The review highlights innovative therapeutic strategies targeting autophagy-related ncRNAs and discusses the challenges and prospective directions for developing ncRNA-based therapies in clinical practice. The insights from this study underline the importance of ncRNAs in the molecular landscape of PD and their potential in novel treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sadique Hussain
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesJaipur National UniversityJaipurRajasthanIndia
| | - Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of PharmacyPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl KharjSaudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy ProgramBatterjee Medical CollegeJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Shilpa Sharma
- Chandigarh Pharmacy College, Chandigarh Group of CollegesMohaliPunjabIndia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre of Medical and Bio‐allied Health Sciences ResearchAjman UniversityAjmanUnited Arab Emirates
- Chitkara College of PharmacyChitkara UniversityRajpuraPunjabIndia
| | - G. V. Sivaprasad
- Department of Basic Science & HumanitiesRaghu Engineering CollegeVisakhapatnamIndia
| | - Mahamedha Deorari
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUttaranchal UniversityDehradunIndia
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of PharmacyUmm Al‐Qura UniversityMakkahSaudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of PharmacyJouf UniversitySakakaAl‐JoufSaudi Arabia
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Centre of Medical and Bio‐allied Health Sciences ResearchAjman UniversityAjmanUnited Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesAjman UniversityAjmanUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Kumud Pant
- Graphic Era (Deemed to be University)DehradunIndia
- Graphic Era Hill UniversityDehradunIndia
| | - Haider Ali
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesSaveetha UniversityChennaiIndia
- Department of PharmacologyKyrgyz State Medical CollegeBishkekKyrgyzstan
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesLovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraPunjabIndia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative MedicineUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative MedicineUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of HealthUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUttaranchal UniversityDehradunIndia
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Pharmacology Unit, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwaySelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
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3
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Chagraoui A, Anouar Y, De Deurwaerdere P, Arias HR. To what extent may aminochrome increase the vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons in the context of Parkinson's disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 168:106528. [PMID: 38246261 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that progresses over time and is characterized by preferential reduction of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Although the precise mechanisms leading to cell death in neurodegenerative disorders, such as PD, are not fully understood, it is widely accepted that increased oxidative stress may be a prevalent factor contributing to the deterioration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic fibers in such conditions. Aminochrome, generated from dopamine (DA) metabolism, plays an important role in multiple pathogenic mechanisms associated with PD. Its capacity to induce a gradual reduction in dopaminergic neurons is due to its endogenous neurotoxicity. The formation of aminochrome results in the production of various reactive oxygen species (ROS), including pro-inflammatory factors, superoxide, nitric oxide, and hydroxyl radicals. This, in turn, causes loss of dopaminergic neurons, reducing DA uptake, and reduced numbers and shortened dendrites. Notably, o-quinones, which are more cytotoxic, arise from the oxidation of DA and possess a higher capacity to impede cellular defense mechanisms, thereby resulting in the death of neuronal cells. Aminochrome potentially contributes to the pathophysiology of PD by forming adducts with various proteins. All of the aforementioned effects suggest that aminochrome may play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of PD. Thus, aminochrome may serve as a more relevant preclinical model for PD, facilitating a better understanding of its pathophysiological processes and identification of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing or slowing disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdeslam Chagraoui
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, CHU de Rouen, France; UNIROUEN, Inserm U1239, Neuroendocrine, Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication (NorDiC), Rouen Normandie University, 76000 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
| | - Youssef Anouar
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1239, Neuroendocrine, Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication (NorDiC), Rouen Normandie University, 76000 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdere
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives d'Aquitaine, UMR, 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hugo R Arias
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Tahlequah, OK, USA
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Sasai N, Tada S, Ohshiro J, Kogiso C, Shinozuka T. Regulation of progenitor cell survival by a novel chromatin remodeling factor during neural tube development. Dev Growth Differ 2024; 66:89-100. [PMID: 38014908 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
During development, progenitor cell survival is essential for proper tissue functions, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we show that ERCC6L2, a member of the Snf2 family of helicase-like proteins, plays an essential role in the survival of developing chick neural cells. ERCC6L2 expression is induced by the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling molecule by a mechanism similar to that of the known Shh target genes Ptch1 and Gli1. ERCC6L2 blocks programmed cell death induced by Shh inhibition and this inhibition is independent of neural tube patterning. ERCC6L2 knockdown by siRNA resulted in the aberrant appearance of apoptotic cells. Furthermore, ERCC6L2 cooperates with the Shh signal and plays an essential role in the induction of the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2. Taken together, ERCC6L2 acts as a key factor in ensuring the survival of neural progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Sasai
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Shogo Tada
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Jumi Ohshiro
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Chikara Kogiso
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Takuma Shinozuka
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
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5
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Razzokov J, Fazliev S, Makhkamov M, Marimuthu P, Baev A, Kurganov E. Effect of Electric Field on α-Synuclein Fibrils: Revealed by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076312. [PMID: 37047286 PMCID: PMC10094641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The self-association of amylogenic proteins to the fibril form is considered a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). PD causes unintended or uncontrollable movements in its common symptoms. α-synuclein is the major cause of PD development and thus has been the main target of numerous studies to suppress and sequester its expression or effectively degrade it. Nonetheless, to date, there are no efficient and proven ways to prevent pathological protein aggregation. Recent investigations proposed applying an external electric field to interrupt the fibrils. This method is a non-invasive approach that has a certain benefit over others. We performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations by applying an electric field on highly toxic fibrils of α-synuclein to gain a molecular-level insight into fibril disruption mechanisms. The results revealed that the applied external electric field induces substantial changes in the conformation of the α-synuclein fibrils. Furthermore, we show the threshold value for electric field strength required to completely disrupt the α-synuclein fibrils by opening the hydrophobic core of the fibril. Thus, our findings might serve as a valuable foundation to better understand molecular-level mechanisms of the α-synuclein fibrils disaggregation process under an applied external electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamoliddin Razzokov
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research, National Research University TIIAME, Kori Niyoziy 39, Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan
- R&D Center, New Uzbekistan University, Mustaqillik Avenue 54, Tashkent 100007, Uzbekistan
- Institute of Material Sciences, Academy of Sciences, Chingiz Aytmatov 2b, Tashkent 100084, Uzbekistan
- Department of Physics, National University of Uzbekistan, Universitet 4, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +998-90-116-23-20
| | - Sunnatullo Fazliev
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mukhriddin Makhkamov
- Laboratory of Experimental Biophysics, Centre for Advanced Technologies, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
| | - Parthiban Marimuthu
- Pharmaceutical Science Laboratory (PSL–Pharmacy) and Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory (SBL–Biochemistry), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Artyom Baev
- Laboratory of Experimental Biophysics, Centre for Advanced Technologies, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
- Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, National University of Uzbekistan, Universitet 4, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
| | - Erkin Kurganov
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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6
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Ledonne A, Massaro Cenere M, Paldino E, D'Angelo V, D'Addario SL, Casadei N, Nobili A, Berretta N, Fusco FR, Ventura R, Sancesario G, Guatteo E, Mercuri NB. Morpho-Functional Changes of Nigral Dopamine Neurons in an α-Synuclein Model of Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2023; 38:256-266. [PMID: 36350188 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) fibrils in intraneuronal inclusions called Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites is a pathological signature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although several aspects linked to α-syn-dependent pathology (concerning its spreading, aggregation, and activation of inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes) have been under intense investigation, less attention has been devoted to the real impact of α-syn overexpression on structural and functional properties of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) dopamine (DA) neurons, particularly at tardive stages of α-syn buildup, despite this has obvious relevance to comprehending mechanisms beyond PD progression. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the consequences of a prolonged α-syn overexpression on somatodendritic morphology and functions of SNpc DA neurons. METHODS We performed immunohistochemistry, stereological DA cell counts, analyses of dendritic arborization, ex vivo patch-clamp recordings, and in vivo DA microdialysis measurements in a 12- to 13-month-old transgenic rat model overexpressing the full-length human α-syn (Snca+/+ ) and age-matched wild-type rats. RESULTS Aged Snca+/+ rats have mild loss of SNpc DA neurons and decreased basal DA levels in the SN. Residual nigral DA neurons display smaller soma and compromised dendritic arborization and, in parallel, increased firing activity, switch in firing mode, and hyperexcitability associated with hypofunction of fast activating/inactivating voltage-gated K+ channels and Ca2+ - and voltage-activated large conductance K+ channels. These intrinsic currents underlie the repolarization/afterhyperpolarization phase of action potentials, thus affecting neuronal excitability. CONCLUSIONS Besides clarifying α-syn-induced pathological landmarks, such evidence reveals compensatory functional mechanisms that nigral DA neurons could adopt during PD progression to counteract neurodegeneration. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Ledonne
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Massaro Cenere
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Paldino
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenza D'Angelo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastian Luca D'Addario
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology and Center "Daniel Bovet, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicolas Casadei
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annalisa Nobili
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Berretta
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca R Fusco
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Ventura
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology and Center "Daniel Bovet, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ezia Guatteo
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Motor Science and Wellness, Parthenope University, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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7
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Non-coding RNAs as key players in the neurodegenerative diseases: Multi-platform strategies and approaches for exploring the Genome's dark matter. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 129:102236. [PMID: 36709005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A growing amount of evidence in the last few years has begun to unravel that non-coding RNAs have a myriad of functions in gene regulation. Intensive investigation on non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has led to exploring their broad role in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) owing to their regulatory role in gene expression. RNA sequencing technologies and transcriptome analysis has unveiled significant dysregulation of ncRNAs attributed to their biogenesis, upregulation, downregulation, aberrant epigenetic regulation, and abnormal transcription. Despite these advances, the understanding of their potential as therapeutic targets and biomarkers underpinning detailed mechanisms is still unknown. Advancements in bioinformatics and molecular technologies have improved our knowledge of the dark matter of the genome in terms of recognition and functional validation. This review aims to shed light on ncRNAs biogenesis, function, and potential role in NDs. Further deepening of their role is provided through a focus on the most recent platforms, experimental approaches, and computational analysis to investigate ncRNAs. Furthermore, this review summarizes and evaluates well-studied miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs concerning their potential role in pathogenesis and use as biomarkers in NDs. Finally, a perspective on the main challenges and novel methods for the future and broad therapeutic use of ncRNAs is offered.
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8
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Deus CM, Teixeira J, Raimundo N, Tucci P, Borges F, Saso L, Oliveira PJ. Modulation of cellular redox environment as a novel therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13820. [PMID: 35638352 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an incurable neurodegenerative movement disorder. PD affects 2% of the population above 65 years old; however, with the growing number of senior citizens, PD prevalence is predicted to increase in the following years. Pathologically, PD is characterized by dopaminergic cell neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra, resulting in decreased dopamine levels in the nigrostriatal pathway, triggering motor symptoms. Although the pathological mechanisms leading to PD are still unclear, large evidence indicates that oxidative stress plays an important role, not only because it increases with age which is the most significant risk factor for PD development, but also as a result of alterations in several processes, particularly mitochondria dysfunction. The modulation of oxidative stress, especially using dietary mitochondriotropic antioxidants, represents a promising approach to prevent or treat PD. Although most mitochondria-targeted antioxidants with beneficial effects in PD-associated models have failed to show any therapeutic benefit in clinical trials, several questions remain to be clarified. Hereby, we review the role played by oxidative stress in PD pathogenesis, emphasizing mitochondria as reactive oxygen species (ROS) producers and as targets for oxidative stress-related dysfunctional mechanisms. In addition, we also describe the importance of using dietary-based mitochondria-targeted antioxidants as a valuable strategy to counteract the deleterious effects of ROS in pre-clinical and/or clinical trials of PD, pointing out their significance to slow, and possibly halt, the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia M Deus
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Teixeira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Raimundo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.,Multidisciplinary Institute of Ageing (MIA), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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9
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Ahuja M, Kaidery NA, Dutta D, Attucks OC, Kazakov EH, Gazaryan I, Matsumoto M, Igarashi K, Sharma SM, Thomas B. Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of the Nrf2/Bach1 Signaling Pathway in Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091780. [PMID: 36139853 PMCID: PMC9495572 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Although a complex interplay of multiple environmental and genetic factors has been implicated, the etiology of neuronal death in PD remains unresolved. Various mechanisms of neuronal degeneration in PD have been proposed, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, α-synuclein proteostasis, disruption of calcium homeostasis, and other cell death pathways. While many drugs individually targeting these pathways have shown promise in preclinical PD models, this promise has not yet translated into neuroprotective therapies in human PD. This has consequently spurred efforts to identify alternative targets with multipronged therapeutic approaches. A promising therapeutic target that could modulate multiple etiological pathways involves drug-induced activation of a coordinated genetic program regulated by the transcription factor, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Nrf2 regulates the transcription of over 250 genes, creating a multifaceted network that integrates cellular activities by expressing cytoprotective genes, promoting the resolution of inflammation, restoring redox and protein homeostasis, stimulating energy metabolism, and facilitating repair. However, FDA-approved electrophilic Nrf2 activators cause irreversible alkylation of cysteine residues in various cellular proteins resulting in side effects. We propose that the transcriptional repressor of BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1), which antagonizes Nrf2, could serve as a promising complementary target for the activation of both Nrf2-dependent and Nrf2-independent neuroprotective pathways. This review presents the current knowledge on the Nrf2/Bach1 signaling pathway, its role in various cellular processes, and the benefits of simultaneously inhibiting Bach1 and stabilizing Nrf2 using non-electrophilic small molecules as a novel therapeutic approach for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuj Ahuja
- Darby Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29406, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29406, USA
| | - Navneet Ammal Kaidery
- Darby Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29406, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29406, USA
| | - Debashis Dutta
- Darby Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29406, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29406, USA
| | | | | | - Irina Gazaryan
- Pace University, White Plains, NY 10601, USA
- Department of Chemical Enzymology, School of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 111401 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnologies, Higher School of Economics, 111401 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mitsuyo Matsumoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8576, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8576, Japan
| | - Sudarshana M. Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29406, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29406, USA
| | - Bobby Thomas
- Darby Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29406, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29406, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29406, USA
- Department of Drug Discovery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29406, USA
- Correspondence:
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Synaptic Secretion and Beyond: Targeting Synapse and Neurotransmitters to Treat Neurodegenerative Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9176923. [PMID: 35923862 PMCID: PMC9343216 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9176923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system is important, because it regulates the physiological function of the body. Neurons are the most basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system. The synapse is an asymmetric structure that is important for neuronal function. The chemical transmission mode of the synapse is realized through neurotransmitters and electrical processes. Based on vesicle transport, the abnormal information transmission process in the synapse can lead to a series of neurorelated diseases. Numerous proteins and complexes that regulate the process of vesicle transport, such as SNARE proteins, Munc18-1, and Synaptotagmin-1, have been identified. Their regulation of synaptic vesicle secretion is complicated and delicate, and their defects can lead to a series of neurodegenerative diseases. This review will discuss the structure and functions of vesicle-based synapses and their roles in neurons. Furthermore, we will analyze neurotransmitter and synaptic functions in neurodegenerative diseases and discuss the potential of using related drugs in their treatment.
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11
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Chang CH, Chang ST, Liao VHC. Potential anti-Parkinsonian's effect of S-(+)-linalool from Cinnamomum osmophloeum ct. linalool leaves are associated with mitochondrial regulation via gas-1, nuo-1, and mev-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3325-3334. [PMID: 35665972 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, and developing new treatments from natural products is of particular interest. Essential oils from Cinnamomum osmophloeum ct. linalool leaves contain high levels (~95%) of S-(+)-linalool. The neuroprotective effects of linalool have been previously described, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the potential anti-Parkinsonian's effect of S-(+)-linalool on mitochondrial regulation and decipher the underlying molecular mechanisms in Caenorhabditis elegans PD model. Essential oils at 20 mg/L and 20 mg/L S-(+)-linalool each significantly attenuated the damaging effects of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on dopaminergic (DA) neurons and decreased the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt ) to antimycin. RNAi knockdown of mitochondrial complex I (gas-1, nuo-1), and complex II (mev-1) genes prevented the improvement of mitochondrial activity by S-(+)-linalool. The protective effects of S-(+)-linalool on 6-OHDA-induced behavior changes were absent in a DA-specific strain of C. elegans produced by gas-1, nuo-1, and mev-1 RNAi knockdown. These results suggest the potential anti-Parkinsonian's effect of S-(+)-linalool is associated with mitochondrial activity and regulated by gas-1, nuo-1, and mev-1 in C. elegans. Our findings suggest that S-(+)-linalool might be a promising candidate for therapeutic application to inhibit the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Han Chang
- School of Forest and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Tzen Chang
- School of Forest and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Vivian Hsiu-Chuan Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Shlevkov E, Murugan P, Montagna D, Stefan E, Hadzipasic A, Harvey JS, Kumar PR, Entova S, Bansal N, Bickford S, Wong LY, Hirst WD, Weihofen A, Silvian LF. Discovery of small-molecule positive allosteric modulators of Parkin E3 ligase. iScience 2022; 25:103650. [PMID: 35024585 PMCID: PMC8733272 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological activation of the E3 ligase Parkin represents a rational therapeutic intervention for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Here we identify several compounds that enhance the activity of wildtype Parkin in the presence of phospho-ubiquitin and act as positive allosteric modulators (PAMs). While these compounds activate Parkin in a series of biochemical assays, they do not act by thermally destabilizing Parkin and fail to enhance the Parkin translocation rate to mitochondria or to enact mitophagy in cell-based assays. We conclude that in the context of the cellular milieu the therapeutic window to pharmacologically activate Parkin is very narrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Shlevkov
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Dan Montagna
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eric Stefan
- Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - James S. Harvey
- Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - P. Rajesh Kumar
- Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sonya Entova
- Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nupur Bansal
- Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shari Bickford
- Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lai-Yee Wong
- Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Warren D. Hirst
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Andreas Weihofen
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Laura F. Silvian
- Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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13
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Krokidis MG, Exarchos T, Vlamos P. Bioinformatics Approaches for Parkinson's Disease in Clinical Practice: Data-Driven Biomarkers and Pharmacological Treatment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1338:193-198. [PMID: 34973025 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78775-2_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a gradually progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain area called the substantia nigra pars compacta and cytoplasmic alpha-synuclein-rich inclusions termed Lewy bodies. The etiology and pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. The development of reliable biomarkers for the early and accurate diagnosis, including biochemical, genetic, clinical, and neuroimaging markers, is crucial for unraveling the pathogenic processes of the disease as well as patients' progress surveillance. High-throughput technologies and system biology methodologies can support the identification of potent molecular fingerprints together with the establishment of dynamic network biomarkers. Emphasis is given on multi-omics datasets and dysregulated pathways associated with differentially expressed transcripts, modified protein motifs, and altered metabolic profiles. Although there is no therapy that terminates the neurodegenerative process and dopamine replacement strategy with L-DOPA represents the most effective treatment, numerous therapeutic protocols such as dopamine receptor agonists, MAO-B inhibitors, and cholinesterase inhibitors represent candidate treatments providing at the same time valuable network-based approaches to drug repositioning. Computational methodologies and bioinformatics platforms for visualization, clustering, and validating of molecular and clinical datasets provide important insights into diagnostic processing and therapeutic pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios G Krokidis
- Bioinformatics and Human Electrophysiology Laboratory, Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Corfu, Greece.
| | - Themis Exarchos
- Bioinformatics and Human Electrophysiology Laboratory, Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Corfu, Greece
| | - Panayiotis Vlamos
- Bioinformatics and Human Electrophysiology Laboratory, Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Corfu, Greece
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14
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Boos J, Shubbar A, Geldenhuys WJ. Dual monoamine oxidase B and acetylcholine esterase inhibitors for treating movement and cognition deficits in a C. elegans model of Parkinson's disease. Med Chem Res 2021; 30:1166-1174. [PMID: 34744409 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02720-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative movement disorder that leads to loss of dopaminergic neurons and motor deficits. Approaches to neuroprotection and symptom management in PD include use of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors. Many patients with PD also exhibit memory loss in the later stages of disease progression, which is treated with acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitors. We sought to identify a dual-mechanism compound that would inhibit both MAO-B and AChE enzymes. Our screen identified a promising compound (7) with balanced MAO-B (IC50 of 16.83 μM) and AChE inhibition activity (AChE IC50 of 22.04 μM). Application of this compound 7 increased short-term associative memory and significantly prevented 6-hydroxy-dopamine toxicity in dopaminergic neurons in the Caenorhabditis elegans nematode. These findings present a platform for future development of dual-mechanism drugs to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Boos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ahmed Shubbar
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Werner J Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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15
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Singh A, Dawson TM, Kulkarni S. Neurodegenerative disorders and gut-brain interactions. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e143775. [PMID: 34196307 DOI: 10.1172/jci143775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) affect essential functions not only in the CNS, but also cause persistent gut dysfunctions, suggesting that they have an impact on both CNS and gut-innervating neurons. Although the CNS biology of NDs continues to be well studied, how gut-innervating neurons, including those that connect the gut to the brain, are affected by or involved in the etiology of these debilitating and progressive disorders has been understudied. Studies in recent years have shown how CNS and gut biology, aided by the gut-brain connecting neurons, modulate each other's functions. These studies underscore the importance of exploring the gut-innervating and gut-brain connecting neurons of the CNS and gut function in health, as well as the etiology and progression of dysfunction in NDs. In this Review, we discuss our current understanding of how the various gut-innervating neurons and gut physiology are involved in the etiology of NDs, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, to cause progressive CNS and persistent gut dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Singh
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering.,Department of Neurology.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, and.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Subhash Kulkarni
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine
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16
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Ma L, Gholam Azad M, Dharmasivam M, Richardson V, Quinn RJ, Feng Y, Pountney DL, Tonissen KF, Mellick GD, Yanatori I, Richardson DR. Parkinson's disease: Alterations in iron and redox biology as a key to unlock therapeutic strategies. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101896. [PMID: 33799121 PMCID: PMC8044696 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A plethora of studies indicate that iron metabolism is dysregulated in Parkinson's disease (PD). The literature reveals well-documented alterations consistent with established dogma, but also intriguing paradoxical observations requiring mechanistic dissection. An important fact is the iron loading in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), which are the cells primarily affected in PD. Assessment of these changes reveal increased expression of proteins critical for iron uptake, namely transferrin receptor 1 and the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), and decreased expression of the iron exporter, ferroportin-1 (FPN1). Consistent with this is the activation of iron regulator protein (IRP) RNA-binding activity, which is an important regulator of iron homeostasis, with its activation indicating cytosolic iron deficiency. In fact, IRPs bind to iron-responsive elements (IREs) in the 3ꞌ untranslated region (UTR) of certain mRNAs to stabilize their half-life, while binding to the 5ꞌ UTR prevents translation. Iron loading of dopaminergic neurons in PD may occur through these mechanisms, leading to increased neuronal iron and iron-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The "gold standard" histological marker of PD, Lewy bodies, are mainly composed of α-synuclein, the expression of which is markedly increased in PD. Of note, an atypical IRE exists in the α-synuclein 5ꞌ UTR that may explain its up-regulation by increased iron. This dysregulation could be impacted by the unique autonomous pacemaking of dopaminergic neurons of the SNpc that engages L-type Ca+2 channels, which imparts a bioenergetic energy deficit and mitochondrial redox stress. This dysfunction could then drive alterations in iron trafficking that attempt to rescue energy deficits such as the increased iron uptake to provide iron for key electron transport proteins. Considering the increased iron-loading in PD brains, therapies utilizing limited iron chelation have shown success. Greater therapeutic advancements should be possible once the exact molecular pathways of iron processing are dissected.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ma
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Gholam Azad
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Dharmasivam
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - V Richardson
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - R J Quinn
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Y Feng
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - D L Pountney
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - K F Tonissen
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - G D Mellick
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - I Yanatori
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - D R Richardson
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
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17
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Hosny M, Zhu M, Gao W, Fu Y. Deep convolutional neural network for the automated detection of Subthalamic nucleus using MER signals. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 356:109145. [PMID: 33774054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery has been extensively conducted for treating advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) patient's symptoms. DBS hinges on the localization of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in which a permanent electrode should be accurately placed to produce electrical current. Microelectrode recording (MER) signals are routinely recorded in the procedure of DBS surgery to validate the planned trajectories. However, manual MER signals interpretation with the goal of detecting STN borders requires expertise and prone to inter-observer variability. Therefore, a computerized aided system would be beneficial to automatic detection of the dorsal and ventral borders of the STN in MER. NEW METHOD In this study, a new deep learning model based on convolutional neural system for automatic delineation of the neurophysiological borders of the STN along the electrode trajectory was developed. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS The proposed model does not involve any conventional standardization, feature extraction or selection steps. RESULTS Promising results of 98.67% accuracy, 99.03% sensitivity, 98.11% specificity, 98.79% precision and 98.91% F1-score for subject based testing were achieved using the proposed convolutional neural network (CNN) model. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study on the analysis of MER signals to detect STN using deep CNN. Traditional machine learning (ML) algorithms are often cumbersome and suffer from subjective evaluation. Though, the developed 10-layered CNN model has the capability of extracting substantial features at the convolution stage. Hence, the proposed model has the potential to deliver high performance on STN region detection which shows perspective in aiding the neurosurgeon intraoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hosny
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Benha Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Minwei Zhu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Str., Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Wenpeng Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang Str., Nangang District, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Yili Fu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang Str., Nangang District, Harbin 150080, China
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18
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Muddapu VR, Chakravarthy VS. Influence of energy deficiency on the subcellular processes of Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta cell for understanding Parkinsonian neurodegeneration. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1754. [PMID: 33462293 PMCID: PMC7814067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prominent neurodegenerative disease around the world. Although it is known that PD is caused by the loss of dopaminergic cells in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), the decisive cause of this inexorable cell loss is not clearly elucidated. We hypothesize that "Energy deficiency at a sub-cellular/cellular/systems level can be a common underlying cause for SNc cell loss in PD." Here, we propose a comprehensive computational model of SNc cell, which helps us to understand the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration at the subcellular level in PD. The aim of the study is to see how deficits in the supply of energy substrates (glucose and oxygen) lead to a deficit in adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The study also aims to show that deficits in ATP are the common factor underlying the molecular-level pathological changes, including alpha-synuclein aggregation, reactive oxygen species formation, calcium elevation, and dopamine dysfunction. The model suggests that hypoglycemia plays a more crucial role in leading to ATP deficits than hypoxia. We believe that the proposed model provides an integrated modeling framework to understand the neurodegenerative processes underlying PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignayanandam Ravindernath Muddapu
- grid.417969.40000 0001 2315 1926Computational Neuroscience Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, 600036 Tamil Nadu India
| | - V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy
- grid.417969.40000 0001 2315 1926Computational Neuroscience Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, 600036 Tamil Nadu India
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19
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Abstract
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that mainly results due to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. It is well known that dopamine is synthesized in substantia nigra and is transported to the striatumvianigrostriatal tract. Besides the sporadic forms of PD, there are also familial cases of PD and number of genes (both autosomal dominant as well as recessive) are responsible for PD. There is no permanent cure for PD and to date, L-dopa therapy is considered to be the best option besides having dopamine agonists. In the present review, we have described the genes responsible for PD, the role of dopamine, and treatment strategies adopted for controlling the progression of PD in humans.
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20
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Psychological distress and lack of PINK1 promote bioenergetics alterations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9820. [PMID: 32555260 PMCID: PMC7300038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological distress induces oxidative stress and alters mitochondrial metabolism in the nervous and immune systems. Psychological distress promotes alterations in brain metabolism and neurochemistry in wild-type (WT) rats in a similar manner as in Parkinsonian rats lacking endogenous PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), a serine/threonine kinase mutated in a recessive forms of Parkinson’s disease. PINK1 has been extensively studied in the brain, but its physiological role in peripheral tissues and the extent to which it intersects with the neuroimmune axis is not clear. We surmised that PINK1 modulates the bioenergetics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) under basal conditions or in situations that promote oxidative stress as psychological distress. By using an XF metabolic bioanalyzer, PINK1-KO-PBMCs showed significantly increased oxidative phosphorylation and basal glycolysis compared to WT cells and correlated with motor dysfunction. In addition, psychological distress enhanced the glycolytic capacity in PINK1-KO-PBMCs but not in WT-PBMCs. The level of antioxidant markers and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were altered in PINK1-KO-PBMCs and by psychological distress. In summary, our data suggest that PINK1 is critical for modulating the bioenergetics and antioxidant responses in PBMCs whereas lack of PINK1 upregulates compensatory glycolysis in response to oxidative stress induced by psychological distress.
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21
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Grigoruţă M, Martínez-Martínez A, Dagda RY, Dagda RK. Psychological Stress Phenocopies Brain Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Motor Deficits as Observed in a Parkinsonian Rat Model. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:1781-1798. [PMID: 31836946 PMCID: PMC7125028 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01838-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Psychological distress is a public health issue as it contributes to the development of human diseases including neuropathologies. Parkinson's disease (PD), a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is caused by multiple factors including aging, mitochondrial dysfunction, and/or stressors. In PD, a substantial loss of substantia nigra (SN) neurons leads to rigid tremors, bradykinesia, and chronic fatigue. Several studies have reported that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is altered in PD patients, leading to an increase level of cortisol which contributes to neurodegeneration and oxidative stress. We hypothesized that chronic psychological distress induces PD-like symptoms and promotes neurodegeneration in wild-type (WT) rats and exacerbates PD pathology in PINK1 knockout (KO) rats, a well-validated animal model of PD. We measured the bioenergetics profile (oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis) in the brain by employing an XF24e Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer in young rats subjected to predator-induced psychological distress. In addition, we analyzed anxiety-like behavior, motor function, expression of antioxidant enzymes, mitochondrial content, and neurotrophic factors brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brain. Overall, we observed that psychological distress diminished up to 50% of mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) derived from both WT and PINK1-KO rats. Mechanistically, the level of antioxidant proteins, mitochondrial content, and BDNF was significantly altered. Finally, psychological distress robustly induced anxiety and Parkinsonian symptoms in WT rats and accelerated certain symptoms of PD in PINK1-KO rats. For the first time, our collective data suggest that psychological distress can phenocopy several aspects of PD neuropathology, disrupt brain energy production, as well as induce ataxia-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Grigoruţă
- Department of Pharmacology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, 32310, Ciudad Juarez, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, 32310, Ciudad Juarez, Mexico.
| | - Raul Y Dagda
- Department of Pharmacology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Ruben K Dagda
- Department of Pharmacology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
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22
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Muddapu VR, Dharshini SAP, Chakravarthy VS, Gromiha MM. Neurodegenerative Diseases - Is Metabolic Deficiency the Root Cause? Front Neurosci 2020; 14:213. [PMID: 32296300 PMCID: PMC7137637 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer, Parkinson, Huntington, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are a prominent class of neurological diseases currently without a cure. They are characterized by an inexorable loss of a specific type of neurons. The selective vulnerability of specific neuronal clusters (typically a subcortical cluster) in the early stages, followed by the spread of the disease to higher cortical areas, is a typical pattern of disease progression. Neurodegenerative diseases share a range of molecular and cellular pathologies, including protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, glutamate toxicity, calcium load, proteolytic stress, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and aging, which contribute to neuronal death. Efforts to treat these diseases are often limited by the fact that they tend to address any one of the above pathological changes while ignoring others. Lack of clarity regarding a possible root cause that underlies all the above pathologies poses a significant challenge. In search of an integrative theory for neurodegenerative pathology, we hypothesize that metabolic deficiency in certain vulnerable neuronal clusters is the common underlying thread that links many dimensions of the disease. The current review aims to present an outline of such an integrative theory. We present a new perspective of neurodegenerative diseases as metabolic disorders at molecular, cellular, and systems levels. This helps to understand a common underlying mechanism of the many facets of the disease and may lead to more promising disease-modifying therapeutic interventions. Here, we briefly discuss the selective metabolic vulnerability of specific neuronal clusters and also the involvement of glia and vascular dysfunctions. Any failure in satisfaction of the metabolic demand by the neurons triggers a chain of events that precipitate various manifestations of neurodegenerative pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignayanandam Ravindernath Muddapu
- Laboratory for Computational Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - S. Akila Parvathy Dharshini
- Protein Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy
- Laboratory for Computational Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - M. Michael Gromiha
- Protein Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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Monzón-Sandoval J, Poggiolini I, Ilmer T, Wade-Martins R, Webber C, Parkkinen L. Human-Specific Transcriptome of Ventral and Dorsal Midbrain Dopamine Neurons. Ann Neurol 2020; 87:853-868. [PMID: 32167609 PMCID: PMC8651008 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective Neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) in Parkinson disease (PD) is not uniform, as dopamine neurons from the ventral tier are lost more rapidly than those of the dorsal tier. Identifying the intrinsic differences that account for this differential vulnerability may provide a key for developing new treatments for PD. Methods Here, we compared the RNA‐sequenced transcriptomes of ~100 laser captured microdissected SNpc neurons from each tier from 7 healthy controls. Results Expression levels of dopaminergic markers were similar across the tiers, whereas markers specific to the neighboring ventral tegmental area were virtually undetected. After accounting for unwanted sources of variation, we identified 106 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the SNpc tiers. The genes higher in the dorsal/resistant SNpc tier neurons displayed coordinated patterns of expression across the human brain, their protein products had more interactions than expected by chance, and they demonstrated evidence of functional convergence. No significant shared functionality was found for genes higher in the ventral/vulnerable SNpc tier. Surprisingly but importantly, none of the identified DEGs was among the familial PD genes or genome‐wide associated loci. Finally, we found some DEGs in opposite tier orientation between human and analogous mouse populations. Interpretation Our results highlight functional enrichments of vesicular trafficking, ion transport/homeostasis and oxidative stress genes showing higher expression in the resistant neurons of the SNpc dorsal tier. Furthermore, the comparison of gene expression variation in human and mouse SNpc populations strongly argues for the need of human‐focused omics studies. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:853–868
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Monzón-Sandoval
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff
| | - Ilaria Poggiolini
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | - Tobias Ilmer
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford.,Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Caleb Webber
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff.,Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Parkkinen
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford
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24
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Park J, Lai MKP, Arumugam TV, Jo DG. O-GlcNAcylation as a Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 22:171-193. [PMID: 31894464 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and the number of elderly patients suffering from AD has been steadily increasing. Despite worldwide efforts to cope with this disease, little progress has been achieved with regard to identification of effective therapeutics. Thus, active research focusing on identification of new therapeutic targets of AD is ongoing. Among the new targets, post-translational modifications which modify the properties of mature proteins have gained attention. O-GlcNAcylation, a type of PTM that attaches O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to a protein, is being sought as a new target to treat AD pathologies. O-GlcNAcylation has been known to modify the two important components of AD pathological hallmarks, amyloid precursor protein, and tau protein. In addition, elevating O-GlcNAcylation levels in AD animal models has been shown to be effective in alleviating AD-associated pathology. Although studies investigating the precise mechanism of reversal of AD pathologies by targeting O-GlcNAcylation are not yet complete, it is clearly important to examine O-GlcNAcylation regulation as a target of AD therapeutics. This review highlights the mechanisms of O-GlcNAcylation and its role as a potential therapeutic target under physiological and pathological AD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsu Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
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25
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Olive Oil Polyphenols in Neurodegenerative Pathologies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1195:77-91. [PMID: 32468462 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32633-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases lead to the death of nerve cells in the brain or the spinal cord. A wide range of diseases are included within the group of neurodegenerative disorders, with the most common ones being dementia, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases. Millions of older people are suffering from such pathologies. The global increase of life expectancy unavoidably leads to a consequent increase in the number of people who will be at some degree affected by neurodegenerative-related diseases. At this moment, there is no effective therapy or treatment that can reverse the loss of neurons. A growing number of studies highlight the value of the consumption of medical foods, and in particular olive oil, as one of the most important components of the Mediterranean diet. A diet based on extra virgin olive oil seems to contribute toward the lowering of risk of age-related pathologies due to high phenol concentration. The link of a polyphenol found in extra virgin olive oil, namely, tyrosol, with the protein tyrosinase, associated to Parkinson's disease is underlined as a paradigm of affiliation between polyphenols and neurodegenerative disorders.
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26
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Current Progress of Mitochondrial Quality Control Pathways Underlying the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4578462. [PMID: 31485291 PMCID: PMC6710741 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4578462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), clinically characterized by motor and nonmotor symptoms, is a common progressive and multisystem neurodegenerative disorder, which is caused by both genetic and environmental risk factors. The main pathological features of PD are the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons and the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in the residual DA neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). In recent years, substantial progress has been made in discovering the genetic factors of PD. In particular, a total of 19 PD-causing genes have been unraveled, among which some members have been regarded to be related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are key regulators of cellular metabolic activity and are critical for many important cellular processes including energy metabolism and even cell death. Their normal function is basically maintained by the mitochondrial quality control (MQC) mechanism. Accordingly, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a kind of neurotoxin, exerts its neurotoxic effects at least partially by producing its toxic metabolite, namely, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+), which in turn causes mitochondrial dysfunction by inhibiting complex I and mimicking the key features of PD pathogenesis. This review focused on three main aspects of the MQC signaling pathways, that is, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitochondrial autophagy; hence, it demonstrates in detail how genetic and environmental factors result in PD pathogenesis by interfering with MQC pathways, thereby hopefully contributing to the discovery of novel potential therapeutic targets for PD.
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27
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Kevadiya BD, Ottemann BM, Thomas MB, Mukadam I, Nigam S, McMillan J, Gorantla S, Bronich TK, Edagwa B, Gendelman HE. Neurotheranostics as personalized medicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:252-289. [PMID: 30421721 PMCID: PMC6486471 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The discipline of neurotheranostics was forged to improve diagnostic and therapeutic clinical outcomes for neurological disorders. Research was facilitated, in largest measure, by the creation of pharmacologically effective multimodal pharmaceutical formulations. Deployment of neurotheranostic agents could revolutionize staging and improve nervous system disease therapeutic outcomes. However, obstacles in formulation design, drug loading and payload delivery still remain. These will certainly be aided by multidisciplinary basic research and clinical teams with pharmacology, nanotechnology, neuroscience and pharmaceutic expertise. When successful the end results will provide "optimal" therapeutic delivery platforms. The current report reviews an extensive body of knowledge of the natural history, epidemiology, pathogenesis and therapeutics of neurologic disease with an eye on how, when and under what circumstances neurotheranostics will soon be used as personalized medicines for a broad range of neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory and neuroinfectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh D Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Brendan M Ottemann
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Midhun Ben Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Insiya Mukadam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Saumya Nigam
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tatiana K Bronich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Benson Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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28
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Masi A, Narducci R, Mannaioni G. Harnessing ionic mechanisms to achieve disease modification in neurodegenerative disorders. Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104343. [PMID: 31279830 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Progressive neuronal death is the key pathogenic event leading to clinical symptoms in neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Neuroprotective treatments are virtually unavailable, partly because of the marked internal heterogeneity of the mechanisms underlying pathology. Targeted neuroprotection would require deep mechanistic knowledge across the entire aetiological spectrum of each NDD and the development of tailored treatments. Although ideal, this strategy appears challenging, as it would require a degree of characterization of both the disease and the patient that is currently unavailable. The alternate strategy is to search for commonalities across molecularly distinct NDD forms and exploit these for the development of drugs with broad-spectrum efficacy. In this view, mounting evidence points to ionic mechanisms (IMs) as targets with potential therapeutic efficacy across distinct NDD subtypes. The scope of this review is to present clinical and preclinical evidence supporting the link between disruption of IMs and neuronal death in specific NDDs and to critically revise past and ongoing attempts of harnessing IMs for the development of neuroprotective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Masi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
| | - R Narducci
- Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Genova, Italy
| | - G Mannaioni
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Toxicology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
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29
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Haghparast E, Sheibani V, Abbasnejad M, Esmaeili-Mahani S. Apelin-13 attenuates motor impairments and prevents the changes in synaptic plasticity-related molecules in the striatum of Parkinsonism rats. Peptides 2019; 117:170091. [PMID: 31121196 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The striatum plays a critical role in motor control and also learning and memory of motor skills. It has been reported that striatal synaptic components are significantly decreased in dopaminergic-denervated striatum. In this study the effects of apelin-13 were investigated on motor disorders and striatal synaptosomal expression of PSD-95, neurexin1, neuroligin, metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGlu R1) and dopaminergic receptors (DR1 and DR2) in rat parkinsonism experimental model. 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was injected into the substantia nigra. Apelin-13 (1, 2 and 3 μg/rat) was administered into the substantia nigra one week after the 6-OHDA injection. Accelerating rotarod, beam-balance, beam-walking and bar tests were performed one month after the apelin injection. Immunohistochemistry staining of dopaminergic neurons was performed. The levels of synaptic proteins were determined by immunoblotting. 6-OHDA-treated animals showed a significant impairment in motor-skill tasks and a dramatically change in the expression levels of mentioned proteins. Apelin-13 (3 μg/rat) significantly attenuates the motor impairments and prevents the changes in striatal synaptic elements in 6-OHDA-treated animals. In addition, it could rescue the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. The data will potentially extend the possible benefic aspect of apelin in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Haghparast
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Kerman, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Abbasnejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Kerman, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. Kerman, Iran.
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30
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Ko JH, Lee H, Kim SN, Park HJ. Does Acupuncture Protect Dopamine Neurons in Parkinson's Disease Rodent Model?: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:102. [PMID: 31139074 PMCID: PMC6517785 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acupuncture has been reported to have significant effects, not only in alleviating impaired motor function, but also rescuing dopaminergic neuron deficits in rodent models of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, a systemic analysis of these beneficial effects has yet to be performed. Objective: To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of acupuncture in animal models of PD. Methods: A literature search of the PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Research Information Service System, and Japan Society of Acupuncture and Moxibustion databases was performed to retrieve studies that investigated the effects of acupuncture on PD. The quality of each included study was evaluated using the 10-item checklist modified from the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies. RevMan version 5.3 (Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) was used for meta-analysis. Results: The 42 studies included scored between 2 and 7 points, with a mean score of 4.6. Outcome measures included tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) level and dopamine content. Meta-analysis results revealed statistically significant effects of acupuncture for increasing both TH levels (33.97 [95% CI 33.15-34.79]; p < 0.00001) and dopamine content (4.23 [95% CI 3.53-4.92]; p < 0.00001) compared with that observed in PD control groups. In addition, motor dysfunctions exhibited by model PD animals were also mitigated by acupuncture treatment. Conclusions: Although there were limitations in the number and quality of the included studies, results of this analysis suggest that acupuncture exerts a protective effect on dopaminergic neurons in rodent models of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Heejae Ko
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea.,Graduate School, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyangsook Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Seoul, South Korea.,College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Nam Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Seoul, South Korea.,College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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31
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Dolgacheva LP, Berezhnov AV, Fedotova EI, Zinchenko VP, Abramov AY. Role of DJ-1 in the mechanism of pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2019; 51:175-188. [PMID: 31054074 PMCID: PMC6531411 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-019-09798-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DJ-1 protein has multiple specific mechanisms to protect dopaminergic neurons against neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. Wild type DJ-1 can acts as oxidative stress sensor and as an antioxidant. DJ-1 exhibits the properties of molecular chaperone, protease, glyoxalase, transcriptional regulator that protects mitochondria from oxidative stress. DJ-1 increases the expression of two mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCP 4 and UCP5), that decrease mitochondrial membrane potential and leads to the suppression of ROS production, optimizes of a number of mitochondrial functions, and is regarded as protection for the neuronal cell survival. We discuss also the stabilizing interaction of DJ-1 with the mitochondrial Bcl-xL protein, which regulates the activity of (Inositol trisphosphate receptor) IP3R, prevents the cytochrome c release from mitochondria and inhibits the apoptosis activation. Upon oxidative stress DJ-1 is able to regulate various transcription factors including nuclear factor Nrf2, PI3K/PKB, and p53 signal pathways. Stress-activated transcription factor Nrf2 regulates the pathways to protect cells against oxidative stress and metabolic pathways initiating the NADPH and ATP production. DJ-1 induces the Nrf2 dissociation from its inhibitor Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1), promoting Nrf2 nuclear translocation and binding to antioxidant response elements. DJ-1 is shown to be a co-activator of the transcription factor NF-kB. Under nitrosative stress, DJ-1 may regulate PI3K/PKB signaling through PTEN transnitrosylation, which leads to inhibition of phosphatase activity. DJ-1 has a complex modulating effect on the p53 pathway: one side DJ-1 directly binds to p53 to restore its transcriptional activity and on the other hand DJ-1 can stimulate deacylation and suppress p53 transcriptional activity. The ability of the DJ-1 to induce activation of different transcriptional factors and change redox balance protect neurons against aggregation of α-synuclein and oligomer-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila P Dolgacheva
- Institute of Cell Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia.
| | - Alexey V Berezhnov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Evgeniya I Fedotova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Valery P Zinchenko
- Institute of Cell Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
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32
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Muddapu VR, Mandali A, Chakravarthy VS, Ramaswamy S. A Computational Model of Loss of Dopaminergic Cells in Parkinson's Disease Due to Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity. Front Neural Circuits 2019; 13:11. [PMID: 30858799 PMCID: PMC6397878 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2019.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with progressive and inexorable loss of dopaminergic cells in Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNc). Although many mechanisms have been suggested, a decisive root cause of this cell loss is unknown. A couple of the proposed mechanisms, however, show potential for the development of a novel line of PD therapeutics. One of these mechanisms is the peculiar metabolic vulnerability of SNc cells compared to other dopaminergic clusters; the other is the SubThalamic Nucleus (STN)-induced excitotoxicity in SNc. To investigate the latter hypothesis computationally, we developed a spiking neuron network-model of SNc-STN-GPe system. In the model, prolonged stimulation of SNc cells by an overactive STN leads to an increase in ‘stress' variable; when the stress in a SNc neuron exceeds a stress threshold, the neuron dies. The model shows that the interaction between SNc and STN involves a positive-feedback due to which, an initial loss of SNc cells that crosses a threshold causes a runaway-effect, leading to an inexorable loss of SNc cells, strongly resembling the process of neurodegeneration. The model further suggests a link between the two aforementioned mechanisms of SNc cell loss. Our simulation results show that the excitotoxic cause of SNc cell loss might initiate by weak-excitotoxicity mediated by energy deficit, followed by strong-excitotoxicity, mediated by a disinhibited STN. A variety of conventional therapies were simulated to test their efficacy in slowing down SNc cell loss. Among them, glutamate inhibition, dopamine restoration, subthalamotomy and deep brain stimulation showed superior neuroprotective-effects in the proposed model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alekhya Mandali
- Department of Psychiatry, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - V Srinivasa Chakravarthy
- Computational Neuroscience Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, IIT-Madras, Chennai, India
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Zaidi A, Adewale M, McLean L, Ramlow P. The plasma membrane calcium pumps-The old and the new. Neurosci Lett 2019; 663:12-17. [PMID: 29452610 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) pumps play a critical role in the maintenance of calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, crucial for optimal neuronal function and cell survival. Loss of Ca2+ homeostasis is a key precursor in neuronal dysfunction associated with brain aging and in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. In this article, we review evidence showing age-related changes in the PMCAs in synaptic plasma membranes (SPMs) and lipid raft microdomains isolated from rat brain. Both PMCA activity and protein levels decline progressively with increasing age. However, the loss of activity is disproportionate to the reduction of protein levels suggesting the presence of dysfunctional PMCA molecules in aged brain. PMCA activity is also diminished in post-mortem human brain samples from Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease patients and in cell models of these neurodegenerative disorders. Experimental reduction of the PMCAs not only alter Ca2+ homeostasis but also have diverse effects on neurons such as reduced neuritic network, impaired release of neurotransmitter and increased susceptibility to stressful stimuli, particularly to agents that elevate intracellular Ca2+ [Ca2+]i. Loss of PMCA is likely to contribute to neuronal dysfunction observed in the aging brain and in the development of age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders. Therapeutic (pharmacological and/or non-pharmacological) approaches that can enhance PMCA activity and stabilize [Ca2+]i homeostasis may be capable of preventing, slowing, and/or reversing neuronal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Zaidi
- Division of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, 1750 Independence Avenue, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA.
| | - Mercy Adewale
- Division of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, 1750 Independence Avenue, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA
| | - Lauren McLean
- Division of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, 1750 Independence Avenue, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA
| | - Paul Ramlow
- Division of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, 1750 Independence Avenue, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA
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Cheung C, Bhimani R, Wyman JF, Konczak J, Zhang L, Mishra U, Terluk M, Kartha RV, Tuite P. Effects of yoga on oxidative stress, motor function, and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2018; 4:162. [PMID: 30377537 PMCID: PMC6198358 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-018-0355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of Hatha yoga on oxidative stress, motor function, and non-motor symptoms among individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods The study has a pilot randomized controlled trial design with two arms: an immediate treatment group and a wait-list control group. The yoga-for-PD program was implemented via twice weekly 60-min group-based classes for 12 weeks. Participants were assessed at baseline, 12 weeks, and 6 months post-intervention. Outcome measures included oxidative stress, motor function, physical activity, cognitive function, sleep quality, and quality of life. Data on program acceptability and yoga adherence were collected during the intervention and at 6 months post-intervention. Results Participants (n = 20) had a mean age of 63 years (SD 8, range 49-75) and disease duration 4.8 years (SD 2.9, range 1-13). All participants had mild-moderate disease severity; 18 (90%) were on dopaminergic medications. Seventeen participants (85%) attended at least 75% of the classes and 4 (20%) attended all classes. Most participants (n = 17) reported they "definitely enjoyed" the intervention program. No adverse events were reported. At 12 weeks, there were no major differences in blood oxidative stress markers between the two groups. Motor function based on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale was better in the treatment group, but their scores on sleep and outlook in Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life (PDQUALIF) Scale and the physical activity levels based on the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam Physical Activity Questionnaire were worse than those of the control group. In within-group comparisons, motor function, cognitive function, and catalase improved but three PDQUALIF domains (social and role function, sleep, and outlook) and physical activity level worsened by the end of the yoga intervention program compared to baseline. The response rate for the 6-month follow-up survey was 74% (n = 14) with six participants (43%) who signed up for a yoga class and four (29%) who practiced it independently. Health problems were the main barrier to yoga practice. Conclusion Yoga is feasible and acceptable and may serve as a complementary method for improving motor function in PD. Further research using a larger sample size is needed to determine its impact on oxidative stress and non-motor symptoms. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Registration Number: NCT02509610031.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corjena Cheung
- 1School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Rozina Bhimani
- 1School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Jean F Wyman
- 1School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Jürgen Konczak
- 2School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- 3Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Usha Mishra
- 4Center for Orphan Drug Research, Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Marcia Terluk
- 4Center for Orphan Drug Research, Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Reena V Kartha
- 4Center for Orphan Drug Research, Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Paul Tuite
- 5Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
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Shaltouki A, Hsieh CH, Kim MJ, Wang X. Alpha-synuclein delays mitophagy and targeting Miro rescues neuron loss in Parkinson's models. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 136:607-620. [PMID: 29923074 PMCID: PMC6123262 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein is a component of Lewy bodies, the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD), and is also mutated in familial PD. Here, by extensively analyzing PD patient brains and neurons, and fly models, we show that alpha-synuclein accumulation results in upregulation of Miro protein levels. Miro is a motor/adaptor on the outer mitochondrial membrane that mediates mitochondrial motility, and is removed from damaged mitochondria to facilitate mitochondrial clearance via mitophagy. PD patient neurons abnormally accumulate Miro on the mitochondrial surface leading to delayed mitophagy. Partial reduction of Miro rescues mitophagy phenotypes and neurodegeneration in human neurons and flies. Upregulation of Miro by alpha-synuclein requires an interaction via the N-terminus of alpha-synuclein. Our results highlight the importance of mitochondria-associated alpha-synuclein in human disease, and present Miro as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atossa Shaltouki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chung-Han Hsieh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Min Joo Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xinnan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Oh SL, Hagiwara Y, Raghavendra U, Yuvaraj R, Arunkumar N, Murugappan M, Acharya UR. A deep learning approach for Parkinson’s disease diagnosis from EEG signals. Neural Comput Appl 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-018-3689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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De Lazzari F, Bubacco L, Whitworth AJ, Bisaglia M. Superoxide Radical Dismutation as New Therapeutic Strategy in Parkinson's Disease. Aging Dis 2018; 9:716-728. [PMID: 30090659 PMCID: PMC6065289 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the biggest risk factor for developing many neurodegenerative disorders, including idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is still an incurable disorder and the available medications are mainly directed to the treatment of symptoms in order to improve the quality of life. Oxidative injury has been identified as one of the principal factors involved in the progression of PD and several indications are now reported in the literature highlighting the prominent role of the superoxide radical in inducing neuronal toxicity. It follows that superoxide anions represent potential cellular targets for new drugs offering a novel therapeutic approach to cope with the progression of the disease. In this review we first present a comprehensive overview of the most common cellular reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, describing their cellular sources, their potential physiological roles in cell signalling pathways and the mechanisms through which they could contribute to the oxidative damage. We then analyse the potential therapeutic use of SOD-mimetic molecules, which can selectively remove superoxide radicals in a catalytic way, focusing on the classes of molecules that have therapeutically exploitable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica De Lazzari
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Alexander J Whitworth
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Marco Bisaglia
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Kshatri AS, Gonzalez-Hernandez A, Giraldez T. Physiological Roles and Therapeutic Potential of Ca 2+ Activated Potassium Channels in the Nervous System. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:258. [PMID: 30104956 PMCID: PMC6077210 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the potassium ion channel family, calcium activated potassium (KCa) channels are unique in their ability to couple intracellular Ca2+ signals to membrane potential variations. KCa channels are diversely distributed throughout the central nervous system and play fundamental roles ranging from regulating neuronal excitability to controlling neurotransmitter release. The physiological versatility of KCa channels is enhanced by alternative splicing and co-assembly with auxiliary subunits, leading to fundamental differences in distribution, subunit composition and pharmacological profiles. Thus, understanding specific KCa channels’ mechanisms in neuronal function is challenging. Based on their single channel conductance, KCa channels are divided into three subtypes: small (SK, 4–14 pS), intermediate (IK, 32–39 pS) and big potassium (BK, 200–300 pS) channels. This review describes the biophysical characteristics of these KCa channels, as well as their physiological roles and pathological implications. In addition, we also discuss the current pharmacological strategies and challenges to target KCa channels for the treatment of various neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind S Kshatri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologias Biomedicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alberto Gonzalez-Hernandez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologias Biomedicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Teresa Giraldez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologias Biomedicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Lizama BN, Palubinsky AM, McLaughlin B. Alterations in the E3 ligases Parkin and CHIP result in unique metabolic signaling defects and mitochondrial quality control issues. Neurochem Int 2018; 117:139-155. [PMID: 28851515 PMCID: PMC5826822 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
E3 ligases are essential scaffold proteins, facilitating the transfer of ubiquitin from E2 enzymes to lysine residues of client proteins via isopeptide bonds. The specificity of substrate binding and the expression and localization of E3 ligases can, however, endow these proteins with unique features with variable effects on mitochondrial, metabolic and CNS function. By comparing and contrasting two E3 ligases, Parkin and C-terminus of HSC70-Interacting protein (CHIP) we seek to highlight the biophysical properties that may promote mitochondrial dysfunction, acute stress signaling and critical developmental periods to cease in response to mutations in these genes. Encoded by over 600 human genes, RING-finger proteins are the largest class of E3 ligases. Parkin contains three RING finger domains, with R1 and R2 separated by an in-between region (IBR) domain. Loss-of-function mutations in Parkin were identified in patients with early onset Parkinson's disease. CHIP is a member of the Ubox family of E3 ligases. It contains an N-terminal TPR domain and forms unique asymmetric homodimers. While CHIP can substitute for mutated Parkin and enhance survival, CHIP also has unique functions. The differences between these proteins are underscored by the observation that unlike Parkin-deficient animals, CHIP-null animals age prematurely and have significantly impaired motor function. These properties make these E3 ligases appealing targets for clinical intervention. In this work, we discuss how biophysical and metabolic properties of these E3 ligases have driven rapid progress in identifying roles for E3 ligases in development, proteostasis, mitochondrial biology, and cell health, as well as new data about how these proteins alter the CNS proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britney N Lizama
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 465 21st Ave S MRB III, Nashville, TN 37240, United States; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 465 21st Ave S MRB III, Nashville, TN 37240, United States.
| | - Amy M Palubinsky
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 465 21st Ave S MRB III, Nashville, TN 37240, United States; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 465 21st Ave S MRB III, Nashville, TN 37240, United States
| | - BethAnn McLaughlin
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 465 21st Ave S MRB III, Nashville, TN 37240, United States; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 465 21st Ave S MRB III, Nashville, TN 37240, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 465 21st Ave S MRB III, Nashville, TN 37240, United States
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Harris G, Eschment M, Orozco SP, McCaffery JM, Maclennan R, Severin D, Leist M, Kleensang A, Pamies D, Maertens A, Hogberg HT, Freeman D, Kirkwood A, Hartung T, Smirnova L. Toxicity, recovery, and resilience in a 3D dopaminergic neuronal in vitro model exposed to rotenone. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2587-2606. [PMID: 29955902 PMCID: PMC6063347 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To date, most in vitro toxicity testing has focused on acute effects of compounds at high concentrations. This testing strategy does not reflect real-life exposures, which might contribute to long-term disease outcome. We used a 3D-human dopaminergic in vitro LUHMES cell line model to determine whether effects of short-term rotenone exposure (100 nM, 24 h) are permanent or reversible. A decrease in complex I activity, ATP, mitochondrial diameter, and neurite outgrowth were observed acutely. After compound removal, complex I activity was still inhibited; however, ATP levels were increased, cells were electrically active and aggregates restored neurite outgrowth integrity and mitochondrial morphology. We identified significant transcriptomic changes after 24 h which were not present 7 days after wash-out. Our results suggest that testing short-term exposures in vitro may capture many acute effects which cells can overcome, missing adaptive processes, and long-term mechanisms. In addition, to study cellular resilience, cells were re-exposed to rotenone after wash-out and recovery period. Pre-exposed cells maintained higher metabolic activity than controls and presented a different expression pattern in genes previously shown to be altered by rotenone. NEF2L2, ATF4, and EAAC1 were downregulated upon single hit on day 14, but unchanged in pre-exposed aggregates. DAT and CASP3 were only altered after re-exposure to rotenone, while TYMS and MLF1IP were downregulated in both single-exposed and pre-exposed aggregates. In summary, our study shows that a human cell-based 3D model can be used to assess cellular adaptation, resilience, and long-term mechanisms relevant to neurodegenerative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Harris
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Melanie Eschment
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) Europe, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Perez Orozco
- The Integrated Imaging Center, Department of Biology, Engineering in Oncology Center and The Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Michael McCaffery
- The Integrated Imaging Center, Department of Biology, Engineering in Oncology Center and The Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Daniel Severin
- The Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marcel Leist
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) Europe, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Andre Kleensang
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Pamies
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra Maertens
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Helena T Hogberg
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dana Freeman
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alfredo Kirkwood
- The Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) Europe, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Lena Smirnova
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Sasmita AO, Kuruvilla J, Ling APK. Harnessing neuroplasticity: modern approaches and clinical future. Int J Neurosci 2018; 128:1061-1077. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1466781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Octavian Sasmita
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Joshua Kuruvilla
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anna Pick Kiong Ling
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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43
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Dallé E, Mabandla MV. Early Life Stress, Depression And Parkinson's Disease: A New Approach. Mol Brain 2018; 11:18. [PMID: 29551090 PMCID: PMC5858138 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to shed light on the relationship that involves exposure to early life stress, depression and Parkinson's disease (PD). A systematic literature search was conducted in Pubmed, MEDLINE, EBSCOHost and Google Scholar and relevant data were submitted to a meta-analysis . Early life stress may contribute to the development of depression and patients with depression are at risk of developing PD later in life. Depression is a common non-motor symptom preceding motor symptoms in PD. Stimulation of regions contiguous to the substantia nigra as well as dopamine (DA) agonists have been shown to be able to attenuate depression. Therefore, since PD causes depletion of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, depression, rather than being just a simple mood disorder, may be part of the pathophysiological process that leads to PD. It is plausible that the mesocortical and mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways that mediate mood, emotion, and/or cognitive function may also play a key role in depression associated with PD. Here, we propose that a medication designed to address a deficiency in serotonin is more likely to influence motor symptoms of PD associated with depression. This review highlights the effects of an antidepressant, Fluvoxamine maleate, in an animal model that combines depressive-like symptoms and Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Dallé
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000 South Africa
| | - Musa V. Mabandla
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000 South Africa
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44
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Post MR, Lieberman OJ, Mosharov EV. Can Interactions Between α-Synuclein, Dopamine and Calcium Explain Selective Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease? Front Neurosci 2018; 12:161. [PMID: 29593491 PMCID: PMC5861202 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence place alpha-synuclein (aSyn) at the center of Parkinson's disease (PD) etiology, but it is still unclear why overexpression or mutated forms of this protein affect some neuronal populations more than others. Susceptible neuronal populations in PD, dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the locus coeruleus (LC), are distinguished by relatively high cytoplasmic concentrations of dopamine and calcium ions. Here we review the evidence for the multi-hit hypothesis of neurodegeneration, including recent papers that demonstrate synergistic interactions between aSyn, calcium ions and dopamine that may lead to imbalanced protein turnover and selective susceptibility of these neurons. We conclude that decreasing the levels of any one of these toxicity mediators can be beneficial for the survival of SNpc and LC neurons, providing multiple opportunities for targeted drug interventions aimed at modifying the course of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Post
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ori J Lieberman
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Eugene V Mosharov
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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45
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Moon S, Schmidt M, Smirnova IV, Colgrove Y, Liu W. Qigong Exercise May Reduce Serum TNF-α Levels and Improve Sleep in People with Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study. MEDICINES 2017; 4:medicines4020023. [PMID: 28930237 PMCID: PMC5590059 DOI: 10.3390/medicines4020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background: Inflammatory cytokine levels are often elevated in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). People with PD often experience sleep disturbances that significantly impact quality of life. Past studies suggest inflammatory cytokines may be associated with various symptoms of PD. Benefits of Qigong, a mind–body exercise, have been shown in different neurological conditions, but there is still a lack of clinical evidence in the PD population. Methods: Ten people with PD were recruited and randomly assigned into two groups receiving six weeks of Qigong (experimental group) or sham Qigong (control group) intervention. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in subjects’ serum and sleep quality were measured before and after the intervention. Results: After the intervention, the serum level of TNF-α in the experimental group was significantly decreased in all subjects, while the level in the control group showed a trend to increase. Qigong exercise significantly improved sleep quality at night. There was a strong correlation between changes in the level of TNF-α and sleep quality. Conclusion: Qigong exercise decreased TNF-α level in people with PD and helped improve sleep quality. TNF-α may have a potential to influence the sleep quality in people with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Moon
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 2002, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Marshall Schmidt
- Bioengineering, University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th St., Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Irina V Smirnova
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 2002, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Yvonne Colgrove
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 2002, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Mailstop 2002, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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46
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Truban D, Hou X, Caulfield TR, Fiesel FC, Springer W. PINK1, Parkin, and Mitochondrial Quality Control: What can we Learn about Parkinson's Disease Pathobiology? JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2017; 7:13-29. [PMID: 27911343 PMCID: PMC5302033 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-160989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The first clinical description of Parkinson's disease (PD) will embrace its two century anniversary in 2017. For the past 30 years, mitochondrial dysfunction has been hypothesized to play a central role in the pathobiology of this devastating neurodegenerative disease. The identifications of mutations in genes encoding PINK1 (PTEN-induced kinase 1) and Parkin (E3 ubiquitin ligase) in familial PD and their functional association with mitochondrial quality control provided further support to this hypothesis. Recent research focused mainly on their key involvement in the clearance of damaged mitochondria, a process known as mitophagy. It has become evident that there are many other aspects of this complex regulated, multifaceted pathway that provides neuroprotection. As such, numerous additional factors that impact PINK1/Parkin have already been identified including genes involved in other forms of PD. A great pathogenic overlap amongst different forms of familial, environmental and even sporadic disease is emerging that potentially converges at the level of mitochondrial quality control. Tremendous efforts now seek to further detail the roles and exploit PINK1 and Parkin, their upstream regulators and downstream signaling pathways for future translation. This review summarizes the latest findings on PINK1/Parkin-directed mitochondrial quality control, its integration and cross-talk with other disease factors and pathways as well as the implications for idiopathic PD. In addition, we highlight novel avenues for the development of biomarkers and disease-modifying therapies that are based on a detailed understanding of the PINK1/Parkin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Truban
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Xu Hou
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas R. Caulfield
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Fabienne C. Fiesel
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Wolfdieter Springer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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GPR30 Activation Contributes to the Puerarin-Mediated Neuroprotection in MPP+-Induced SH-SY5Y Cell Death. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 61:227-234. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0856-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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48
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Grimmig B, Morganti J, Nash K, Bickford PC. Immunomodulators as Therapeutic Agents in Mitigating the Progression of Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2016; 6:brainsci6040041. [PMID: 27669315 PMCID: PMC5187555 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci6040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that primarily afflicts the elderly. It is characterized by motor dysfunction due to extensive neuron loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta. There are multiple biological processes that are negatively impacted during the pathogenesis of PD, and are implicated in the cell death in this region. Neuroinflammation is evidently involved in PD pathology and mitigating the inflammatory cascade has been a therapeutic strategy. Age is the number one risk factor for PD and thus needs to be considered in the context of disease pathology. Here, we discuss the role of neuroinflammation within the context of aging as it applies to the development of PD, and the potential for two representative compounds, fractalkine and astaxanthin, to attenuate the pathophysiology that modulates neurodegeneration that occurs in Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Grimmig
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Josh Morganti
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA.
| | - Kevin Nash
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA.
| | - Paula C Bickford
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
- James A Haley VA Hospital, 13000 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Hsieh CH, Shaltouki A, Gonzalez AE, Bettencourt da Cruz A, Burbulla LF, St Lawrence E, Schüle B, Krainc D, Palmer TD, Wang X. Functional Impairment in Miro Degradation and Mitophagy Is a Shared Feature in Familial and Sporadic Parkinson's Disease. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 19:709-724. [PMID: 27618216 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial movements are tightly controlled to maintain energy homeostasis and prevent oxidative stress. Miro is an outer mitochondrial membrane protein that anchors mitochondria to microtubule motors and is removed to stop mitochondrial motility as an early step in the clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria. Here, using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons and other complementary models, we build on a previous connection of Parkinson's disease (PD)-linked PINK1 and Parkin to Miro by showing that a third PD-related protein, LRRK2, promotes Miro removal by forming a complex with Miro. Pathogenic LRRK2G2019S disrupts this function, delaying the arrest of damaged mitochondria and consequently slowing the initiation of mitophagy. Remarkably, partial reduction of Miro levels in LRRK2G2019S human neuron and Drosophila PD models rescues neurodegeneration. Miro degradation and mitochondrial motility are also impaired in sporadic PD patients. We reveal that prolonged retention of Miro, and the downstream consequences that ensue, may constitute a central component of PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Han Hsieh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Atossa Shaltouki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ashley E Gonzalez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Neurosciences Graduate Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexandre Bettencourt da Cruz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lena F Burbulla
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Erica St Lawrence
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Birgitt Schüle
- Parkinson's Institute and Clinical Center, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Theo D Palmer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xinnan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Jenkins PO, Mehta MA, Sharp DJ. Catecholamines and cognition after traumatic brain injury. Brain 2016; 139:2345-71. [PMID: 27256296 PMCID: PMC4995357 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive problems are one of the main causes of ongoing disability after traumatic brain injury. The heterogeneity of the injuries sustained and the variability of the resulting cognitive deficits makes treating these problems difficult. Identifying the underlying pathology allows a targeted treatment approach aimed at cognitive enhancement. For example, damage to neuromodulatory neurotransmitter systems is common after traumatic brain injury and is an important cause of cognitive impairment. Here, we discuss the evidence implicating disruption of the catecholamines (dopamine and noradrenaline) and review the efficacy of catecholaminergic drugs in treating post-traumatic brain injury cognitive impairments. The response to these therapies is often variable, a likely consequence of the heterogeneous patterns of injury as well as a non-linear relationship between catecholamine levels and cognitive functions. This individual variability means that measuring the structure and function of a person’s catecholaminergic systems is likely to allow more refined therapy. Advanced structural and molecular imaging techniques offer the potential to identify disruption to the catecholaminergic systems and to provide a direct measure of catecholamine levels. In addition, measures of structural and functional connectivity can be used to identify common patterns of injury and to measure the functioning of brain ‘networks’ that are important for normal cognitive functioning. As the catecholamine systems modulate these cognitive networks, these measures could potentially be used to stratify treatment selection and monitor response to treatment in a more sophisticated manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter O Jenkins
- 1 The Division of Brain Sciences, The Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Mitul A Mehta
- 2 Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - David J Sharp
- 1 The Division of Brain Sciences, The Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
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