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Hamurcu P, Barlak S. Impact of a 6-week dietary and lifestyle modification intervention on food cravings and eating behaviors in women. NUTR HOSP 2024. [PMID: 38967291 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION the multifaceted nature of food craving mirrors the complexity underlying the development of eating disorders. OBJECTIVES the study aimed to investigate the impact of a 6-week dietary and lifestyle intervention on food cravings, eating behaviors, and changes in physical and biochemical measures among women. METHODS this study constitutes a behavior modification investigation involving a cohort of 35 female participants who sought consultation at a private nutrition counseling facility. At first, anthropometric and biochemical data were recorded; Information Form, Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait Scale (FCQ-T), Three-Factor Eating Scale (TFEQ-R21) were applied and 3-Day Food Consumption Records were taken. After 6 weeks of dietitian follow-up, the data collection tools were repeated and the individuals were compared with the baseline. RESULTS after 6-week follow-up, according to the examination of the food consumption records, differences in daily energy, fat, monounsaturated fatty acid, fibre, vitamin E, potassium, magnesium, iron intake levels were found significant (p < 0.05). Differences in body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist/height ratio, fat mass, fat ratio and fasting glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, AST, TSH, free T3, free T4 levels were found significant (p < 0.05). According to the FCQ-T evaluation; differences in total and nine sub-dimension scores of the scale were found significant (p < 0.001). According to the TFEQ-R21 evaluation; differences in cognitive restraint, emotional eating and uncontrolled eating scores were found significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS a successful 6-week dietary and lifestyle intervention with improvement in anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters is effective in reducing food cravings and regulating eating behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Hamurcu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetic. Faculty of Health Sciences. Istanbul Beykent University
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2
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Hormes JM, Timko CA. A clinical trial protocol of a single-session self-guided acceptance-based online intervention targeting food cravings as predictors of disordered eating in pregnant people. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 140:107515. [PMID: 38537903 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy is a time of heightened risk for disordered eating behaviors, which are linked to adverse health outcomes in gestation, delivery, and the postpartum. These adverse outcomes may be partially mediated by greater rates of deviation from recommended weight gain trajectories, especially in those who engage in binge and loss of control (LOC) eating. Food cravings are powerful and highly modifiable triggers of binge and LOC eating in non-pregnant populations with preliminary evidence linking cravings to disordered eating behaviors in pregnancy as well. Acceptance-based approaches have been shown to be feasible and effective in reducing the adverse impact of cravings on behavior. PURPOSE To test the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a single-session, self-guided, acceptance-based online workshop targeting food cravings as predictors of binge and LOC eating in pregnancy. METHODS We will conduct a pilot randomized controlled trial of a single-session, self-guided online acceptance-based workshop targeting food cravings in pregnancy. Pregnant individuals in the second trimester (n ≥ 74) endorsing current food cravings will be randomly assigned to the intervention or an untreated control group. The intervention group will participate in a one-hour workshop that imparts skills grounded in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, including acceptance, defusion, and present-moment awareness. Both groups will complete comprehensive self-report assessments of primary outcomes and hypothesized mediators and moderators of intervention efficacy at baseline, one-month follow-up, and at full-term. CONCLUSION Results will inform integration of acceptance-based skills targeting food cravings into routine prenatal care to prevent adverse outcomes associated with disordered eating behaviors in pregnancy. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT06129461; registered on November 10, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Hormes
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Social Sciences 399, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
| | - C Alix Timko
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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3
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Maternal Over- and Malnutrition and Increased Risk for Addictive and Eating Disorders in the Offspring. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051095. [PMID: 36904093 PMCID: PMC10004806 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence from human and animal studies has shown that maternal overnutrition and/or obesity are linked with neurobehavioral changes in the offspring. This fetal programming is characterized by adaptive responses to changes in the nutritional state during early life. In the past decade, an association has been made between overconsumption of highly-palatable food by the mother during fetal development and abnormal behaviors resembling addiction in the offspring. Maternal overnutrition can lead to alterations in the offspring's brain reward circuitry leading to hyperresponsiveness of this circuit following exposure to calorie-dense foods later in life. Given the accumulating evidence indicating that the central nervous system plays a pivotal role in regulating food intake, energy balance, and the motivation to seek food, a dysfunction in the reward circuitry may contribute to the addiction-like behaviors observed in the offspring. However, the underlying mechanisms leading to these alterations in the reward circuitry during fetal development and their relevance to the increased risk for the offspring to later develop addictive-like behaviors is still unclear. Here, we review the most relevant scientific reports about the impact of food overconsumption during fetal development and its effect on addictive-like behaviors of the offspring in the context of eating disorders and obesity.
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Quaglia C, Nettore IC, Palatucci G, Franchini F, Ungaro P, Colao A, Macchia PE. Association between Dietary Habits and Severity of Symptoms in Premenstrual Syndrome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1717. [PMID: 36767083 PMCID: PMC9914022 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a set of physical, psychological, and emotional symptoms that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The etiopathogenesis of this condition is not fully understood, and several studies suggest a possible role of environmental factors, such as diet. The aim of this work was to investigate the relationship between dietary habits and the occurrence and severity of PMS. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-seven women were enrolled in the study. Participants were asked to complete the Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) to diagnose PMS and to complete a three-day food record during the perimenstrual phase. Thirty women completed the study (16 with PMS and 14 controls). An analysis of the food diaries revealed no differences between the women with PMS and the control subjects in terms of total energy intake (1649 vs. 1570 kcal/day), diet composition, and the consumption of macro- or micronutrients, except for copper, whose consumption was higher in women with PMS than in the control subjects (1.27 ± 0.51 vs. 0.94 ± 0.49 mg/d, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The data presented here are very preliminary, and only a significant difference in copper intake was found when comparing women with PMS and controls. Larger studies are needed to better define how diet may contribute to the exacerbation of the psychological and somatic symptoms associated with PMS and whether PMS itself may influence macro- or micronutrient intake by changing dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Quaglia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Cristina Nettore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palatucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Franchini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Ungaro
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) “Gaetano Salvatore”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair on Health Education and Sustainable Development, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair on Health Education and Sustainable Development, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Emidio Macchia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair on Health Education and Sustainable Development, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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5
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Kang Sim DE, Eichen DM, Strong DR, Manzano MA, Boutelle KN. Development and validation of the food cue responsivity scale. Physiol Behav 2023; 258:114028. [PMID: 36368562 PMCID: PMC9754925 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Food cues are ubiquitous in today's environment; however, there is heterogeneity as to the extent to which these cues impact eating behavior among individuals. This study examines the validity and reliability of the Food Cue Responsivity Scale (FCRS) to assess responsivity to distinct types of food cues. Items gathered from existing measures were combined in the FCRS to reflect two subdomains, uncontrolled eating behavior and cognitive rumination. The criterion validity of the FCRS was established using a paradigm that assesses psychophysiological responsivity to a craved food among adults with overweight or obesity. Higher overall FCRS scores were associated with greater physiological responsivity to food exposures. These findings may help identify specific phenotypes of individuals with overweight or obesity with high responsivity to food cues, which could be used to understand overeating and response to weight-loss programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Eastern Kang Sim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, United States.
| | - Dawn M Eichen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, United States
| | - David R Strong
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Michael A Manzano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, United States; San Diego State University/ University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, United States
| | - Kerri N Boutelle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, United States; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, United States
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6
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Nucci D, Santangelo OE, Provenzano S, Nardi M, Firenze A, Gianfredi V. Altered Food Behavior and Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191610299. [PMID: 36011935 PMCID: PMC9407804 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence of an association between cancer and certain types of altered eating behaviors, including orthorexia, food cravings, and food addiction. Given the growing interest in the topic throughout the scientific community we conducted a systematic review to summarize current evidence on the development of altered food behavior, including food addiction and cancer. The Cochrane Collaboration and the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines were followed to perform this systematic review. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was used to report the process and results. The structured literature search was conducted on 19 April 2022, on PubMed/Medline and Scopus, combining free-text terms and medical subject headings. A total of seven articles were included once the selection process was completed. Food craving has been associated with different types of cancer in adults and young patients, as well as with orthorexia; conversely, compulsive eating has only been explored in patients with prolactinoma treated with dopamine agonists. This systematic review explored a new area of research that warrants further investigation. More research is required to better understand the relationship between cancer and food behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Nucci
- Nutritional Support Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata, 64, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Omar Enzo Santangelo
- Regional Health Care and Social Agency of Lodi, ASST Lodi, Piazza Ospitale, 10, 26900 Lodi, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Mariateresa Nardi
- Nutritional Support Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata, 64, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Firenze
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE) “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 133, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenza Gianfredi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
- CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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7
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Dicker-Oren SD, Gelkopf M, Greene T. The dynamic network associations of food craving, restrained eating, hunger and negative emotions. Appetite 2022; 175:106019. [PMID: 35500722 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food craving, restrained eating, hunger, and negative emotions may predict and reinforce one another. However, less is known about how they interact together as a complex system in daily life. Therefore, we used a dynamic network approach to examine the associations between food craving, restrained eating, hunger and negative emotions in daily life. METHODS Food craving, restrained eating, hunger and negative emotions were measured using ecological momentary assessment three times a day over ten days in a community sample in Israel (n = 123). A two-step multilevel vector auto-regression network analysis was used to estimate temporal, contemporaneous and between-persons networks. RESULTS In the temporal network, restrained eating was the most central predictor of eating behaviors and negative emotions, predicting food craving and hunger as well as sadness and loneliness. Food craving was also predicted by hunger and stress, and hunger predicted loneliness. In the contemporaneous network, food craving was associated with hunger and feeling bored, and higher anger was associated with lower restrained eating. Stress and sadness were central negative emotions in the models. DISCUSSION This study suggests possible temporal and contemporaneous relationships between food craving, restrained eating, hunger and negative emotions, emphasizing their complex interactions in daily life. Restrained eating and stress should be investigated as potential targets for interventions addressing food craving and overeating.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Dicker-Oren
- The Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - M Gelkopf
- The Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - T Greene
- The Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Oliveira LA, Della Lucia CM, Rezende FAC, Ferreira LG, Anastácio LR, Souza TCDM, Daniel MM, Liboredo JC. Food Craving and Its Associated Factors during COVID-19 Outbreak in Brazil. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2022.2071360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Associations between different facets of anhedonia and neural response to monetary, social, and food reward in emerging adults. Biol Psychol 2022; 172:108363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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10
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Park EJ, Hwang SSH, Lee MS, Bhang SY. Food Addiction and Emotional Eating Behaviors Co-Occurring with Problematic Smartphone Use in Adolescents? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4939. [PMID: 35564334 PMCID: PMC9103653 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19094939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Addiction in adolescence is increasing and has a significant impact on physical and mental health. Notably, addictions can be comorbid and affect each other. Despite the recent growing interest in food addiction (FA) and problematic smartphone use (PSU), few studies have investigated their association in adolescents. We investigated the relationship between FA and PSU in adolescents and the effects of eating behaviors. A total of 209 adolescents (44.5% male; mean age = 12.86 ± 0.7 years) participated in the current school-based community study. We found a positive correlation between the dimensional Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children 2.0 (dYFAS-C2.0) and the Smartphone Overdependence Scale after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and socioeconomic status. The high-risk PSU group accounted for 17.2% of participants. Furthermore, this group showed 2.3 times higher dYFAS-C2.0 scores than the general group. Emotional overeating and satiety responsiveness were correlated with PSU. A comprehensive evaluation of addiction symptoms is needed for proper intervention, especially in adolescents with symptoms of abnormal eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Goyang 10380, Korea;
- Center for School Mental Health, Eulji University, Seoul 01830, Korea;
| | | | - Mi-Sun Lee
- Center for School Mental Health, Eulji University, Seoul 01830, Korea;
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Soo-Young Bhang
- Center for School Mental Health, Eulji University, Seoul 01830, Korea;
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University Hospital, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Seoul 01830, Korea
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11
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Skin signs in eating disorders: a literature review. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:867-879. [PMID: 34142354 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01241-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To summarize and describe the available knowledge on dermatological manifestation of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder and eating disorder not otherwise specified, diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV-TR and 5th edition. METHODS We searched in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases from January 1, 1980 through May 1, 2020 for papers in English language on the skin manifestation of eating disorders. Results were screened using the PRISMA tool. RESULTS The study yielded 207 results. According with PRISMA guidelines, 26 papers were included in the review. More than 73% of screened papers (19/26) were case reports. Cross-sectional studies represented the 19.2% of screened papers (5/26). Each eligible study has been screened and analyzed. CONCLUSION Huge heterogeneity of skin signs of eating disorders were identified. The number of controlled studies available is very limited, and most papers of interest are case reports or narrative review articles. Larger, more methodologically rigorous studies to evaluate the presence of dermatological issue in eating disorder patients are needed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV. Evidence obtained from multiple time series analysis such as case studies.
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12
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Dang N, Khalil D, Sun J, Naveed A, Soumare F, Hamidovic A. Waist Circumference and Its Association With Premenstrual Food Craving: The PHASE Longitudinal Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:784316. [PMID: 35573360 PMCID: PMC9091555 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.784316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral adiposity is a significant marker of all-cause mortality. Reproductive age women are at a considerable risk for developing visceral adiposity; however, the associated factors are poorly understood. The proposed study evaluated whether food craving experienced during the premenstrual period is associated with waist circumference. Forty-six women (mean BMI = 24.36) prospectively provided daily ratings of food craving across two-three menstrual cycles (122 cycles total). Their premenstrual rating of food craving was contrasted against food craving in the follicular phase to derive a corrected summary score of the premenstrual food craving increase. Study groups were divided into normal (n = 26) and obese (n = 20) based on the 80 cm waist circumference cutoff signifying an increase in risk. Waist circumference category was significantly associated with premenstrual food cravings [F (1,44) = 5.12, p = 0.028]. Post hoc comparisons using the Tukey HSD test (95% family-wise confidence level) showed that the mean score for the food craving effect size was 0.35 higher for the abdominally obese vs. normal study groups (95% CI: 0.039 to 0.67). The result was statistically significant even following inclusion of BMI in the model, pointing to a particularly dangerous process of central fat accumulation. The present study establishes an association between temporal vulnerability to an increased food-related behavior and a marker of metabolic abnormality risk (i.e., waist circumference), thereby forming a basis for integrating the premenstruum as a viable intervention target for this at-risk sex and age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhan Dang
- Department of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dina Khalil
- Department of Public Health, Benedictine University, Lisle, IL, United States
| | - Jiehuan Sun
- Department of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Aamina Naveed
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Fatimata Soumare
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ajna Hamidovic
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
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Delgado-Rodríguez R, Versace F, Hernández-Rivero I, Guerra P, Fernández-Santaella MC, Miccoli L. Food addiction symptoms are related to neuroaffective responses to preferred binge food and erotic cues. Appetite 2021; 168:105687. [PMID: 34509546 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that some individuals succumb to maladaptive eating behaviors because, like those with addiction, they attribute high incentive salience to food-associated cues. Here, we tested whether women that attribute high incentive salience to food-associated cues report high food addiction symptomatology. In 76 college women, we assessed self-reported food addiction symptoms using the Yale Food Addiction Scale and we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs, a direct measure of brain activity) to preferred food, erotic, unpleasant, and neutral images. We used the amplitude of the late positive potential (LPP, a component of the ERPs) as an index of the incentive salience attributed to the images. Using a multivariate classification algorithm (k-means cluster analysis), we identified two neuroaffective reactivity profiles that have been previously associated with individual differences in the tendency to attribute incentive salience to cues and with differences in vulnerability to addictive behaviors. Results showed that women with elevated LPP responses to preferred food cues relative to erotic images report higher food addiction symptoms than women with low LPP responses to preferred food cues relative to other motivationally relevant stimuli. These results support the hypothesis that individual differences in the tendency to attribute incentive salience to food cues play an important role in modulating food addiction symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Versace
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Isabel Hernández-Rivero
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), (University of Granada), Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Pedro Guerra
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), (University of Granada), Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - M Carmen Fernández-Santaella
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), (University of Granada), Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Laura Miccoli
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), (University of Granada), Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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Shahjehan A, Shah SI, Qureshi JA, Wajid A. A META-ANALYSIS OF SMARTPHONE ADDICTION AND BEHAVIORAL OUTCOMES. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES 2021. [DOI: 10.32890/ijms2021.28.2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Though smartphones have become the icon of the 21st century, they are possibly the biggest source of non-drug addiction. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to identify behavioral outcomes associated with smartphone addiction, and to evaluate their overall and individual relationships with smartphone addiction. This metaanalysis conducted a preliminary review of 6115 studies which investigated the relationships between smartphone addiction and behavioral outcomes. Fifty-three studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria developed for this study and their review identified thirteen behavioral outcomes of smartphone addiction. Meta-analytical tests confirmed a positive and significant relationship between smartphone addition and overall behavioral outcome. However, the combined effects were significantly heterogeneous and this could be attributed to the diverse nature of behavioral outcomes, dispersion of studies across the globe, and varying demographics of samples. The results showed the prevalence of the following eight behavioral outcomes: anxiety, depression, loneliness, mental health, self-control, self-regulation, stress; and withdrawal that had a significant and positive relationship with smartphone addiction, while only self-esteem had a significant and negative relationship with smartphone addiction. Finally, depression was identified as the behavioral outcome that has a significant and positive relationship with smartphone addiction irrespective of global geographic and demographic variations. This article has elaborated on smartphone addiction criteria similar to that established for researches in substance abuse and addiction. Furthermore, the article has been able to show that smartphone addiction and its problematic use has become an emerging problem with grave consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Shahjehan
- Department of Management Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Syed Imad Shah
- Institute of Management Studies, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | - Anees Wajid
- Department of Management Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
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15
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Abstract
As ultraprocessed foods (i.e., foods composed of mostly cheap industrial sources of dietary energy and nutrients plus additives) have become more abundant in our food supply, rates of obesity and diet-related disease have increased simultaneously. Food addiction has emerged as a phenotype of significant empirical interest within the past decade, conceptualized most commonly as a substance-based addiction to ultraprocessed foods. We detail (a) how approaches used to understand substance-use disorders may be applicable for operationalizing food addiction, (b) evidence for the reinforcing potential of ingredients in ultraprocessed foods that may drive compulsive consumptions, (c) the utility of conceptualizing food addiction as a substance-use disorder versus a behavioral addiction, and (d) clinical and policy implications that may follow if ultraprocessed foods exhibit an addictive potential. Broadly, the existing literature suggests biological and behavioral parallels between food addiction and substance addictions, with ultraprocessed foods high in both added fat and refined carbohydrates being most implicated in addictive-like eating. Future research priorities are also discussed, including the need for longitudinal studies and the potential negative impact of addictive ultraprocessed foods on children. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 41 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA;
| | - Erica M Schulte
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
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16
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Som M, Constant A, Zayani T, Pabic EL, Moirand R, Val-Laillet D, Thibault R. Food addiction among morbidly obese patients: prevalence and links with obesity complications. J Addict Dis 2021; 40:103-110. [PMID: 34130613 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2021.1939630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of obesity, little is known about the prevalence of food addiction nor about the phenotype of obese patients with food addiction. Objectives: To assess: (i) the prevalence of food addiction among obese patients eligible for obesity surgery; (ii) the relationship between clinical features and the complications of obesity. Methods: Consecutive patients consulting for the first time were included. The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) 2.0 questionnaire was used to diagnose food addiction and its severity. Demographics, clinical features, and obesity complications were systematically collected. Statistics: Student's test was used for numerical variables and Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. Results: A total of 292 patients were included: 79% female, age (mean ± SD) 42.6 ± 13.0 yrs., body mass index (BMI) 43.2 ± 6.8 kg/m2. One hundred and eight patients (37%) had food addiction: 58% severe, 33% moderate, 9% mild. Food addiction prevalence was 39% (n = 61/156) among patients eligible for obesity surgery. Food addiction was more frequent among the unemployed, compared to professionally active patients (41.0% vs. 33.5%, p = 0.046). Clinical and metabolic phenotypes and obesity complications were similar between patients with and without food addiction. Conclusion: Food addiction was present in 37% of obese patients, but was not associated with clinical features or obesity complications. Therefore, it should be systemically assessed for appropriate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Som
- INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, Rennes, France.,Unité de Nutrition, service Endocrinologie-Diabétologie-Nutrition, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Aymery Constant
- INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, Rennes, France.,EHESP, School of Public Health, Rennes, France
| | - Teycir Zayani
- INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, Rennes, France
| | | | - Romain Moirand
- INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, Rennes, France.,Unitéd' Addictologie, service des maladies du foie, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - David Val-Laillet
- INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, Rennes, France
| | - Ronan Thibault
- INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, Rennes, France.,Unité de Nutrition, service Endocrinologie-Diabétologie-Nutrition, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
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17
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Freitas FDF, de Medeiros ACQ, Lopes FDA. Effects of Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Anxiety and Eating Behavior-A Longitudinal Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:645754. [PMID: 34140913 PMCID: PMC8203923 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.645754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As social animals, humans need to live in groups. This contact with conspecifics is essential for their evolution and survival. Among the recommendations to reduce transmission of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for COVID-19 are social distancing and home confinement. These measures may negatively affect the social life and, consequently, the emotional state and eating behavior of individuals. We assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the anxiety, premenstrual symptoms, and eating behavior of young women. Data collection was conducted in person (prepandemic—from March to December 2019) and online (during the pandemic—August 2020). A total of 71 participants, average age of 21.26 years (SD = 0.41), took part in the study. Trait anxiety during the pandemic was significantly lower than in the prepandemic period. Investigation of the “anxiety/stress” symptom of the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST) revealed that this symptom was more severe before the pandemic. There was a decline in the desire for sweet and fatty foods during the pandemic. However, craving for traditional foods rose significantly in the same period. Uncontrolled and emotional eating were significantly lower during the pandemic. The results suggest that the pandemic may have had a positive impact on anxiety and eating behavior of the participants, which may be due to differences between urban and rural populations and the latter living with their families. These findings are important for raising a discussion regarding the effects of the current environment on the regulation of cognitive and dietary adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda da Fonseca Freitas
- Post-Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Health Sciences College of Trairi, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, Brazil
| | | | - Fívia de Araújo Lopes
- Post-Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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18
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Constant A, Moirand R, Thibault R, Val-Laillet D. Meeting of Minds around Food Addiction: Insights from Addiction Medicine, Nutrition, Psychology, and Neurosciences. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113564. [PMID: 33233694 PMCID: PMC7699750 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review, focused on food addiction (FA), considers opinions from specialists with different expertise in addiction medicine, nutrition, health psychology, and behavioral neurosciences. The concept of FA is a recurring issue in the clinical description of abnormal eating. Even though some tools have been developed to diagnose FA, such as the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) questionnaire, the FA concept is not recognized as an eating disorder (ED) so far and is even not mentioned in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manuel of Mental Disorders version 5 (DSM-5) or the International Classification of Disease (ICD-11). Its triggering mechanisms and relationships with other substance use disorders (SUD) need to be further explored. Food addiction (FA) is frequent in the overweight or obese population, but it remains unclear whether it could articulate with obesity-related comorbidities. As there is currently no validated therapy against FA in obese patients, FA is often underdiagnosed and untreated, so that FA may partly explain failure of obesity treatment, addiction transfer, and weight regain after obesity surgery. Future studies should assess whether a dedicated management of FA is associated with better outcomes, especially after obesity surgery. For prevention and treatment purposes, it is necessary to promote a comprehensive psychological approach to FA. Understanding the developmental process of FA and identifying precociously some high-risk profiles can be achieved via the exploration of the environmental, emotional, and cognitive components of eating, as well as their relationships with emotion management, some personality traits, and internalized weight stigma. Under the light of behavioral neurosciences and neuroimaging, FA reveals a specific brain phenotype that is characterized by anomalies in the reward and inhibitory control processes. These anomalies are likely to disrupt the emotional, cognitive, and attentional spheres, but further research is needed to disentangle their complex relationship and overlap with obesity and other forms of SUD. Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment must rely on a multidisciplinary coherence to adapt existing strategies to FA management and to provide social and emotional support to these patients suffering from highly stigmatized medical conditions, namely overweight and addiction. Multi-level interventions could combine motivational interviews, cognitive behavioral therapies, and self-help groups, while benefiting from modern exploratory and interventional tools to target specific neurocognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymery Constant
- INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, NuMeCan, Nutrition Metabolisms Cancer, 35590 St Gilles, 35000 Rennes, France; (A.C.); (R.M.); (R.T.)
- EHESP, School of Public Health, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Romain Moirand
- INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, NuMeCan, Nutrition Metabolisms Cancer, 35590 St Gilles, 35000 Rennes, France; (A.C.); (R.M.); (R.T.)
- Unité d’Addictologie, CHU Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Ronan Thibault
- INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, NuMeCan, Nutrition Metabolisms Cancer, 35590 St Gilles, 35000 Rennes, France; (A.C.); (R.M.); (R.T.)
- Unité de Nutrition, CHU Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - David Val-Laillet
- INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, NuMeCan, Nutrition Metabolisms Cancer, 35590 St Gilles, 35000 Rennes, France; (A.C.); (R.M.); (R.T.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Brown AL, Bakke AJ, Hopfer H. Understanding American premium chocolate consumer perception of craft chocolate and desirable product attributes using focus groups and projective mapping. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240177. [PMID: 33147215 PMCID: PMC7641343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Craft chocolate is a relatively new and fast-growing segment of the American chocolate market. To understand American premium chocolate consumer perception of craft chocolate and desirable chocolate product attributes, we conducted a mixed-methods study using focus groups and projective mapping. Projective mapping revealed that participants segmented products in terms of quality based upon usage occasion rather than cost or other factors. We found that American premium chocolate consumers use search attributes such as segmentation, price, availability, and packaging as quality determinants. Additionally, they desire credence attributes that convey trust through, for example, the presence or absence of sustainability certifications, or a semblance of meaning. Premium chocolate consumers seek out experience attributes such as utility and/or joy, which are achieved by purchasing a chocolate product as a gift, for its nostalgic purposes, or for desired post-ingestive effects. We propose a Desirable Chocolate Attribute Concept Map to explain our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L. Brown
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alyssa J. Bakke
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Sensory Evaluation Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Helene Hopfer
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Sensory Evaluation Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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20
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The Aetiology of Olfactory Dysfunction and Its Relationship to Diet Quality. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10110769. [PMID: 33114032 PMCID: PMC7690664 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
People with olfactory loss may choose foods rich in sugar, salt and fat to compensate their loss—foods that constitute a Western-style diet (WSD). However, olfactory dysfunction has not been consistently linked to any particular type of dietary change. Here we considered whether the aetiology of olfactory dysfunction may affect consumption of a WSD. Two-hundred and twenty-two people with olfactory dysfunction of varying cause, were tested for chemosensory performance and their frequency of consumption of a WSD. There was no evidence of a link between a WSD and olfactory dysfunction at the aggregate level, but an aetiology-based approach revealed various patterns, showing both positive and negative associations between olfactory performance and consumption of a WSD. We suggest a number of reasons why, in certain cases, greater olfactory dysfunction may be linked to lower intakes of a WSD, and the role that different aetiologies may have in affecting choices for foods that may appeal following olfactory impairment.
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21
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Food-related attentional bias and its associations with appetitive motivation and body weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Appetite 2020; 157:104986. [PMID: 33039507 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical models suggest that food-related visual attentional bias (AB) may be related to appetitive motivational states and individual differences in body weight; however, findings in this area are equivocal. We conducted a systematic review and series of meta-analyses to determine if there is a positive association between food-related AB and: (1.) body mass index (BMI) (number of effect sizes (k) = 110), (2.) hunger (k = 98), (3.) subjective craving for food (k = 35), and (4.) food intake (k = 44). Food-related AB was robustly associated with craving (r = 0.134 (95% CI 0.061, 0.208); p < .001), food intake (r = 0.085 (95% CI 0.038, 0.132); p < .001), and hunger (r = 0.048 (95% CI 0.016, 0.079); p = .003), but these correlations were small. Food-related AB was unrelated to BMI (r = 0.008 (95% CI -0.020, 0.035); p = .583) and this result was not moderated by type of food stimuli, method of AB assessment, or the subcomponent of AB that was examined. Furthermore, in a between-groups analysis (k = 22) which directly compared participants with overweight/obesity to healthy-weight control groups, there was no evidence for an effect of weight status on food-related AB (Hedge's g = 0.104, (95% CI -0.050, 0.258); p = .186). Taken together, these findings suggest that food-related AB is sensitive to changes in the motivational value of food, but is unrelated to individual differences in body weight. Our findings question the traditional view of AB as a trait-like index of preoccupation with food and have implications for novel theoretical perspectives on the role of food AB in appetite control and obesity.
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22
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Lawson JL, Wiedemann AA, Carr MM, Kerrigan SG. Considering Food Addiction through a Cultural Lens. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2020; 7:387-394. [PMID: 34336546 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-020-00315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Research suggests that cultural factors influence eating behaviors, however little is known about the relationship between food addiction and culture. This narrative review aimed to i) review theoretically related work on the relationship between sociocultural demographic variables, food cravings, and eating disorders; ii) review the available literature assessing cultural aspects of food addiction, specifically the rates of food addiction across the globe and notable differences in relevant sociodemographic variables: race, ethnicity, gender and acculturation level; iii) discuss the potential impact of culture on our current understanding of food addiction and future research directions emphasizing the inclusion of sociocultural variables. Recent Findings Preliminary data suggest that food addiction symptoms occur cross-culturally, and that there may be significant differences between sociodemographic groups. Issues related to adequate lexicalization of concepts central to food addiction (e.g., craving, addiction) and global variations in eating culture and presentation of similar constructs (e.g. binge-eating) contribute to questions raised and identify avenues for further research. Summary Multidimensional cultural assessment is called for to characterize food addiction among diverse groups and improve our understanding of the etiology, maintenance, and sequelae of food addiction cross-culturally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Lawson
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516.,Yale School of Medicine, Psychiatry Department, New Haven, CT 06511
| | | | - Meagan M Carr
- Yale School of Medicine, Psychiatry Department, New Haven, CT 06511
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23
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Fanton S, Cardozo LFMF, Combet E, Shiels PG, Stenvinkel P, Vieira IO, Narciso HR, Schmitz J, Mafra D. The sweet side of dark chocolate for chronic kidney disease patients. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:15-26. [PMID: 32718711 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chocolate is a widely appreciated foodstuff with historical appreciation as a food from the gods. In addition to its highly palatable taste, it is a rich source of (poly)phenolics, which have several proposed salutogenic effects, including neuroprotective anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and cardioprotective capabilities. Despite the known benefits of this ancient foodstuff, there is a paucity of information on the effects of chocolate in the context of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review focusses on the potential salutogenic contribution of chocolate intake, to mitigate inflammatory and oxidative burden in CKD, its potential, for cardiovascular protection and on the maintenance of diversity in gut microbiota, as well as clinical perspectives, on regular chocolate intake by CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susane Fanton
- Renal Vida Association, Blumenau, SC, Brazil; Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
| | - Ludmila F M F Cardozo
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Emilie Combet
- School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul G Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Instituted, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
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24
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Blanco-Gandía MC, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Common Neural Mechanisms of Palatable Food Intake and Drug Abuse: Knowledge Obtained with Animal Models. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2372-2384. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200213123608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Eating is necessary for survival, but it is also one of the great pleasures enjoyed by human beings.
Research to date shows that palatable food can be rewarding in a similar way to drugs of abuse, indicating
considerable comorbidity between eating disorders and substance-use disorders. Analysis of the common characteristics
of both types of disorder has led to a new wave of studies proposing a Gateway Theory of food as a vulnerability
factor that modulates the development of drug addiction. The homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms of
feeding overlap with some of the mechanisms implicated in drug abuse and their interaction plays a crucial role in
the development of drug addiction. Studies in animal models have shown how palatable food sensitizes the reward
circuit and makes individuals more sensitive to other substances of abuse, such as cocaine or alcohol. However,
when palatable food is administered continuously as a model of obesity, the consequences are different, and
studies provide controversial data. In the present review, we will cover the main homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms
that regulate palatable food intake behavior and will explain, using animal models, how different types of
diet and their intake patterns have direct consequences on the rewarding effects of psychostimulants and ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Blanco-Gandía
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, C/ Ciudad Escolar s/n, 44003, Teruel, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicologia, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicologia, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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25
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Mahmoud MA. Predictors of length of abstinence among drug abuse patients of a behavioral modification program in specialized center in Saudi Arabia. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:1124-1128. [PMID: 32318479 PMCID: PMC7114036 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_930_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term abstinence in substance abuse patients is a great clinical challenge. A novel behavior modification program (BMP) for ensuring abstinence in substance abuse patients was being run in a tertiary care hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with the length of abstinence in substance abuse patients who were enrolled in this BMP. Methods This was a record-based study, where patients were identified from the records of Al-Amal hospital. The study group consisted of adult male patients suffering from drug addiction, exposed to an initial detoxification treatment program and subsequently enrolled into BMP during the year 1424 Hijri, the reason of period selection that it was before the modification of inpatient BMP in the facility toward more outpatient one. Multiple stepwise regression with backward elimination was done to identify factors independently associated with length of abstinence in the BMP program. Results Mean (SD) age of the participants was 31.9 (8.4) years and a majority had 6-9 years of education (65%), were single (63%), and unemployed (72%). Presence of mood disorder (b = 111.3; 62.3-160.3), good program attendance score (b = 33.2; 21.0-45.4), and higher total number of previous hospital admissions (b = 6.4; 3.1-9.6) were associated with a longer length of abstinence in the BMP program. Conclusion A number of factors as described above can be utilized to modify the BMP and target different groups of patients who are less likely to stay abstinent for a longer duration, ensuring greater effectiveness of the BMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abdulrahman Mahmoud
- Assistant Professor of Community Medicine, Public Health Department, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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26
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De Pretto M, Hartmann L, Garcia-Burgos D, Sallard E, Spierer L. Stimulus Reward Value Interacts with Training-induced Plasticity in Inhibitory Control. Neuroscience 2019; 421:82-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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27
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Food Addiction: Implications for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Overeating. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092086. [PMID: 31487791 PMCID: PMC6770567 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With the obesity epidemic being largely attributed to overeating, much research has been aimed at understanding the psychological causes of overeating and using this knowledge to develop targeted interventions. Here, we review this literature under a model of food addiction and present evidence according to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) criteria for substance use disorders. We review several innovative treatments related to a food addiction model ranging from cognitive intervention tasks to neuromodulation techniques. We conclude that there is evidence to suggest that, for some individuals, food can induce addictive-type behaviours similar to those seen with other addictive substances. However, with several DSM-5 criteria having limited application to overeating, the term ‘food addiction’ is likely to apply only in a minority of cases. Nevertheless, research investigating the underlying psychological causes of overeating within the context of food addiction has led to some novel and potentially effective interventions. Understanding the similarities and differences between the addictive characteristics of food and illicit substances should prove fruitful in further developing these interventions.
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28
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Holtzman J. Rice, beer, and salad: Varying constructions of "craving" in Japan. Appetite 2019; 142:104344. [PMID: 31325475 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Food cravings are an important phenomena/concept within approaches to overeating in Western contexts. However, the cross-cultural research on craving has so far been modest, despite a wide range of literature in anthropology and other fields that demonstrate the broad variations not only in eating practices but in the experiences and motivations for eating. This examines quantitative data collected using a variation of the Food Craving Inventory (FCI) collected in the context of a long-term ethnographic study of Japanese eating practices in order to examine cravings within a mixed age and gender Japanese sample. While the results show widespread experiences of craving, not only do the types of foods craved vary markedly from commonplace Western ones-which tend to be calorie dense and restricted-but also differ from one another in motivations for/experiences of craving. Beyond providing cross-cultural comparison, then, the study suggests a need for conceptual rethinking of craving itself and of the range of factors that drive it.
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29
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Yohn SE, Galbraith J, Calipari ES, Conn PJ. Shared Behavioral and Neurocircuitry Disruptions in Drug Addiction, Obesity, and Binge Eating Disorder: Focus on Group I mGluRs in the Mesolimbic Dopamine Pathway. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2125-2143. [PMID: 30933466 PMCID: PMC7898461 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulated data from clinical and preclinical studies suggest that, in drug addiction and states of overeating, such as obesity and binge eating disorder (BED), there is an imbalance in circuits that are critical for motivation, reward saliency, executive function, and self-control. Central to these pathologies and the extensive topic of this Review are the aberrations in dopamine (DA) and glutamate (Glu) within the mesolimbic pathway. Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus) are highly expressed in the mesolimbic pathway and are poised in key positions to modulate disruptions in synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter release observed in drug addiction, obesity, and BED. The use of allosteric modulators of group I mGlus has been studied in drug addiction, as they offer several advantages over traditional orthosteric agents. However, they have yet to be studied in obesity or BED. With the substantial overlap between the neurocircuitry involved in drug addiction and eating disorders, group I mGlus may also provide novel targets for obesity and BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E. Yohn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States
| | - Jordan Galbraith
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States
| | - Erin S. Calipari
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States
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Behavioral profile of intermittent vs continuous access to a high fat diet during adolescence. Behav Brain Res 2019; 368:111891. [PMID: 31009646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) on cognitive functions have been broadly studied as a model of obesity, although no studies have evaluated whether these effects are maintained after the cessation of this diet. In addition, the behavioral effects of having a limited access to an HFD (binge-eating pattern) are mostly unknown, although they dramatically increase the vulnerability to drug use in contrast to having continuous access. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of an intermittent versus a continuous exposure to an HFD during adolescence on cognition and anxiety-like behaviors, as well as to study the changes observed after the interruption of this diet. Adolescent male mice received for 40 days a standard diet, an HFD with continuous access or an HFD with sporadic limited access (2 h, three days a week). Two additional groups were fed with intermittent or continuous access to the HFD and withdrawn from this diet 15 days before the behavioral tests. Only the animals with a continuous access to the HFD showed higher circulating leptin levels, increased bodyweight, marked memory and spatial learning deficits, symptoms that disappeared after 15 days of HFD abstinence. Mice that binged on fat only showed hyperlocomotion, which normalized after 15 days of HFD cessation. However, discontinuation of fat, either in a binge or a continuous pattern, led to an increase in anxiety-like behavior. These results highlight that exposure to a high-fat diet during adolescence induces alterations in brain functions, although the way in which this diet is ingested determines the extent of these behavioral changes.
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Abstract
AbstractOver the past decade, the use of social media applications have increased worldwide. In parallel with this, abuse of social media has also increased. In recent years, many disorders related to social media use have been conceptualized. One of the common consequences of these disorders is the intense desire (i.e., craving) to use social media. The aim of the present study was to develop the Social Media Craving Scale (SMCS) by adapting the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS). The study comprised 423 university students (242 females and 181 males) across five different samples. The psychometric instruments used included the Social Media Craving Scale, Social Media Disorder Scale, Brief Self-Control Scale, and Personal Information Form. In the present study, structural validity and reliability of the SMCS were investigated. The structural validity of SMCS was investigated with Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and criterion validity. The reliability of SMCS was evaluated using Cronbach α internal consistency reliability coefficient, corrected item total correlation coefficients, and test-retest method. As a result of EFA, the SMCS was found to be unidimensional scale. This unidimensional structure explained approximately half of the total variance. The unidimensional structure of SMCS was tested in two different samples with CFA. As a result of CFA, SMCS models were found to have acceptable fit values. The criterion validity of the SMCS was evaluated by assessing social media disorder, self-discipline, impulsiveness, daily social media use duration, social media usage history, frequency of checking social media accounts during the day, number of social media accounts, and number of daily shares. Analysis demonstrated that the SMCS was associated with all these variables in the expected direction. According to the reliability analysis (Cronbach’s α internal consistency coefficients, corrected item total correlation coefficients, and test-retest method), the SMCS was found to be a reliable scale. When validity and reliability analyses of the SMCS are considered as a whole, it is concluded that the SMCS is a valid and reliable scale in assessing social media craving.
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Noye Tuplin EW, Holahan MR. Exploring time-dependent changes in conditioned place preference for food reward and associated changes in the nucleus accumbens. Behav Brain Res 2018; 361:14-25. [PMID: 30576721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure has been used to study the incubation of craving phenomenon with rewarding drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamine. The present study examined whether rats trained in a CPP behavioral design would display an incubation of craving response for chocolate-flavored pellets or milk chocolate chips at the behavioral and neural levels. Rats were conditioned using an unbiased CPP design then underwent abstinence from food reward for 24 hs, 7, 14, or 28 days at which point they were tested for CPP. Brains underwent immunohistochemical staining for c-Fos and FosB as well as Golgi staining to assess dendritic spine density in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). A time-dependent increase in CPP and entries into the previously paired compartment was observed in the chocolate-flavored pellet group but not the milk chocolate group. Time-dependent neural changes were not directly associated with behavioral outcomes but c-Fos labelling was higher in the chocolate pellet group than controls at the 7-day abstinence period. The behavioral results show that chocolate pellets are rewarding and are associated with long-term behavioral changes but, as evidenced by limited neural changes, these food rewards do not have the same effects on the NAc as drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin W Noye Tuplin
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 5307 Health Sciences Building, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, ON, Canada.
| | - Matthew R Holahan
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 5307 Health Sciences Building, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, ON, Canada
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Krolick KN, Zhu Q, Shi H. Effects of Estrogens on Central Nervous System Neurotransmission: Implications for Sex Differences in Mental Disorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 160:105-171. [PMID: 30470289 PMCID: PMC6737530 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nearly one of every five US individuals aged 12 years old or older lives with certain types of mental disorders. Men are more likely to use various types of substances, while women tend to be more susceptible to mood disorders, addiction, and eating disorders, all of which are risks associated with suicidal attempts. Fundamental sex differences exist in multiple aspects of the functions and activities of neurotransmitter-mediated neural circuits in the central nervous system (CNS). Dysregulation of these neural circuits leads to various types of mental disorders. The potential mechanisms of sex differences in the CNS neural circuitry regulating mood, reward, and motivation are only beginning to be understood, although they have been largely attributed to the effects of sex hormones on CNS neurotransmission pathways. Understanding this topic is important for developing prevention and treatment of mental disorders that should be tailored differently for men and women. Studies using animal models have provided important insights into pathogenesis, mechanisms, and new therapeutic approaches of human diseases, but some concerns remain to be addressed. The purpose of this chapter is to integrate human and animal studies involving the effects of the sex hormones, estrogens, on CNS neurotransmission, reward processing, and associated mental disorders. We provide an overview of existing evidence for the physiological, behavioral, cellular, and molecular actions of estrogens in the context of controlling neurotransmission in the CNS circuits regulating mood, reward, and motivation and discuss related pathology that leads to mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen N Krolick
- Center for Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States
| | - Qi Zhu
- Center for Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States
| | - Haifei Shi
- Center for Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States; Cellular, Molecular and Structural Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States.
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Verzijl CL, Ahlich E, Schlauch RC, Rancourt D. The role of craving in emotional and uncontrolled eating. Appetite 2017; 123:146-151. [PMID: 29253669 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a novel application of the cognitive processing model of alcohol craving (CPMA) from the addictions field to the role of food craving in the well-established restrained eating-overeating relationship associated with binge eating disorder (BED). A community sample (N = 1058, ages 18-66) completed an online survey assessing four core domains: restrained eating, trait food craving, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating. In accordance with the CPMA, food craving emerged as a significant indirect effect of the association between restrained eating and both uncontrolled and emotional eating. Gender did not significantly moderate any direct or indirect associations, suggesting that gender may not change the pattern of association between restrained eating and different facets of overeating. Results suggest that treatments targeting binge eating behaviors may benefit from 1) explicitly addressing the activation of food craving rather than concentrating on reducing restrained eating and 2) recognizing that food craving may be an important gender-neutral target with the potential to reduce binge and overeating behaviors. Future research should extend these preliminary findings by examining the application of the CPMA to eating behaviors while jointly investigating antecedents and contextual factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Verzijl
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Erica Ahlich
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Robert C Schlauch
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Diana Rancourt
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, United States.
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Tarrega A, Marcano J, Fiszman S. Consumer perceptions of indulgence: A case study with cookies. Food Qual Prefer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Guilty pleasures: The effect of perceived overeating on food addiction attributions and snack choice. Appetite 2017; 121:9-17. [PMID: 29111153 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite being widely debated throughout the scientific community, the concept of food addiction remains a popular explanation for overeating and obesity amongst the lay public. Overeating is often accompanied by feelings of guilt and dietary concern, and this may lead people to attribute their eating to an addiction in order to minimise personal responsibility. Research also indicates that food addiction attributions and dietary concern may lead people to limit their exposure to tempting foods. To test these ideas, we examined the effect of perceived overeating on food addiction attributions and snack choice. Subjective ratings of guilt and dietary concern were indirectly manipulated by leading female participants (N=90) to believe they had eaten more than (overeating condition), less than (undereating condition), or roughly the same (control condition) amount of palatable foods in relation to their own estimated consumption and to previous participants. Participants then rated the relative importance of a list of explanations for their eating (including "the foods were really addictive") and selected a snack to take home with them. Ratings of guilt and dietary concern were highest in the overeating condition, and lowest in the undereating condition, indicating that the manipulation had been successful. However, findings revealed no effect of condition on food addiction attributions. As predicted, participants in the overeating condition selected less tempting snacks than in the undereating condition. However, this effect was not mediated by guilt/dietary concern. There was also no association between food-addiction attributions and snack choice. These findings suggest that perceived overeating affects snack choice but not food addiction attributions. Future research should investigate whether food addiction attributions may be driven by feelings of guilt and dietary concern following longer-term disinhibited eating patterns.
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A narrative review of potential treatment strategies for food addiction. Eat Weight Disord 2017; 22:387-393. [PMID: 28589470 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0400-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of food addiction (FA) remains controversial with research being in the nascent stages; FA like any addiction can have a devastating impact on the lives of those afflicted. There exists a clinical need for treatment strategies for those affected. This article reviews potential treatment strategies for FA. The treatment strategies target four core behaviours of the addiction phenotype specifically craving through the opioid system, impulsivity as a personality trait, compulsivity through the serotonergic system and lastly motivation through the dopaminergic system. A range of pharmacological and psychological interventions are reviewed. Future research should seek to test and validate the proposed clinical treatment strategies.
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Dounias E, Ichikawa M. Seasonal Bushmeat Hunger in the Congo Basin. ECOHEALTH 2017; 14:575-590. [PMID: 28707044 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-017-1252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the Sudano-sahelian regions, which are confronted to severe periods of food shortage, tropical rainforests are known to provide a constant supply of a great diversity of food resources that mitigates the risk of food starvation for omnivorous humans. Nevertheless, several African forest ethnic groups suffer from a seasonal hunger induced by depletion in the procurement of bushmeat, which is a food of paramount importance. Although the diet remains well balanced and meets all the nutritional needs, the bushmeat cravers loose weight and experience a stress that affects their well-being. Bushmeat hunger is a psychocultural form of hunger that generates several mental disorders. We present results from nutritional anthropology studies carried out among various Congo Basin forest peoples, which regularly suffer from bushmeat hunger. We expose the physiological risks that result from this psychological unrest, we argue that this type of unsatisfied compiling desire for meat should be considered as a factor of food insecurity and we conclude on its incidence on bushmeat trade. The immoderate craving for bushmeat compromises the attempts to replace bushmeat by other sources of meat and is a persisting obstacle to conservation initiatives that fail to take the psychocultural values of bushmeat into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmond Dounias
- UMR5175 CEFE, IRD-CIFOR, Campus CNRS 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Mitsuo Ichikawa
- Emeritus at the Center for African Area Studies, Kyoto University, Inamori Foundation Memorial Hall, 46 Yoshida-Shimoadachi, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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Jeong JE, Jung DJ, Kwak M, Yang HK, Lim SY, Lee JH, Yoon KH, Kim DJ. Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the General-Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait for Children. Psychiatry Investig 2017; 14:595-602. [PMID: 29042884 PMCID: PMC5639127 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2017.14.5.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The General-Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait (G-FCQ-T) is a validated, assessment scale for food craving. The aim of this study was to measure its reliability and validity for Korean children. METHODS A total of 172 children (94 boys and 78 girls) were selected to fill out a set of questionnaires, including the G-FCQ-T, the Children's version of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ-C), and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) in the Korean language. RESULTS The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.933) and test-retest reliability (r=0.653) were satisfactory. The G-FCQ-T showed a significantly positive correlation with the DEBQ-C (r=0.560) and the TFEQ (r=0.397). The optimum cutoff score of the G-FCQ-T set by Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis was 51, with sensitivity and specificity of 0.833 and 0.825, respectively, for children. CONCLUSION The G-FCQ-T showed good reliability and validity for assessing food craving for children and could become a practial instrument in clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Eun Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Kwak
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Kyung Yang
- Division of Eudocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Lim
- Catholic Institute of U-Healthcare, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Lee
- Catholic Institute of U-Healthcare, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Yoon
- Division of Eudocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Blanco-Gandía MC, Aracil-Fernández A, Montagud-Romero S, Aguilar MA, Manzanares J, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Changes in gene expression and sensitivity of cocaine reward produced by a continuous fat diet. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:2337-2352. [PMID: 28456841 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Preclinical studies report that free access to a high-fat diet (HFD) alters the response to psychostimulants. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to examine how HFD exposure during adolescence modifies cocaine effects. Gene expression of CB1 and mu-opioid receptors (MOr) in the nucleus accumbens (N Acc) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) and ghrelin receptor (GHSR) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) were assessed. METHODS Mice were allowed continuous access to fat from PND 29, and the locomotor (10 mg/kg) and reinforcing effects of cocaine (1 and 6 mg/kg) on conditioned place preference (CPP) were evaluated on PND 69. Another group of mice was exposed to a standard diet until the day of post-conditioning, on which free access to the HFD began. RESULTS HFD induced an increase of MOr gene expression in the N Acc, but decreased CB1 receptor in the N Acc and PFC. After fat withdrawal, the reduction of CB1 receptor in the N Acc was maintained. Gene expression of GHSR in the VTA decreased during the HFD and increased after withdrawal. Following fat discontinuation, mice exhibited increased anxiety, augmented locomotor response to cocaine, and developed CPP for 1 mg/kg cocaine. HFD reduced the number of sessions required to extinguish the preference and decreased sensitivity to drug priming-induced reinstatement. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that consumption of a HFD during adolescence induces neurobiochemical changes that increased sensitivity to cocaine when fat is withdrawn, acting as an alternative reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Blanco-Gandía
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, , Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Sandra Montagud-Romero
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, , Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria A Aguilar
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, , Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, , Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, , Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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Abstract
The concept of addiction is loaded with connotations and is often used for its political as much as its medical utility. The scientific case for 'food addiction' as a clinical phenotype currently rests on its association with generic diagnostic criteria for substance-related disorders being applied to everyday foods and eating-related problems. This has fused the concept of obesity with addiction regardless of whether it fits the definition. The hedonic, or reward, system can account for the ingestion of foods and drugs, confirming that they share neural substrates that differentiate liking and wanting. These are normal processes that are recruited for natural homeostatic behaviours and can explain the phenomenon of hedonic overeating as a consequence of human motivation pushed to extremes by an obesogenic environment. Food addiction constitutes a medicalization of common eating behaviours, taking on the properties of a disease. The use of this medical language has implications for the way in which society views overeating and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Finlayson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine &Health, Lifton Place, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, West Yorkshire, UK
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Meule A, Müller A, Gearhardt AN, Blechert J. German version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0: Prevalence and correlates of ‘food addiction’ in students and obese individuals. Appetite 2017; 115:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hormes JM, Niemiec MA. Does culture create craving? Evidence from the case of menstrual chocolate craving. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181445. [PMID: 28723930 PMCID: PMC5517000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Craving is considered a key characteristic of diverse pathologies, but evidence suggests it may be a culture-bound construct. Almost 50% of American women crave chocolate specifically around the onset of menstruation. Research does not support popular accounts implicating physiological factors in menstrual chocolate craving etiology. We tested the novel hypothesis that greater menstrual craving prevalence in the U.S. is the product of internalized cultural norms. Women of diverse backgrounds (n = 275) reported on craving frequency and triggers and completed validated measures of acculturation. Foreign-born women were significantly less likely to endorse menstrual chocolate craving (17.3%), compared to women born to U.S.-born parents (32.7%, p = .03) and second generation immigrants (40.9%, p = .001). Second generation immigrant and foreign-born women endorsing menstrual chocolate craving reported significantly greater U.S. acculturation and lower identification with their native culture than non-menstrual cravers (all p < .001). Findings inform our understanding of food cravings, with important implications for the study of cravings in other domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Hormes
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Martha A. Niemiec
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, United States of America
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Ruddock HK, Hardman CA. Food Addiction Beliefs Amongst the Lay Public: What Are the Consequences for Eating Behaviour? CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2017; 4:110-115. [PMID: 28580228 PMCID: PMC5435771 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-017-0136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current paper reviews recent research on perceptions of food addiction in the lay public. It also examines the potential consequences of such beliefs for eating behaviour. RECENT FINDINGS Surveys suggest that, within community samples, the majority of individuals believe that certain foods are addictive, and that food addiction causes obesity. Further, many people believe themselves to be 'food addicts', and these individuals demonstrate increased patterns of aberrant eating. However, there is also initial experimental evidence to suggest that believing oneself to be a food addict leads to short-term food restriction. SUMMARY To reconcile these findings, a self-perpetuating relationship between food addiction beliefs and aberrant eating is proposed. Specifically, in the short term, food addiction beliefs may encourage individuals to avoid certain foods. However, attempts at restriction may eventually lead to increased cravings and disinhibition, thus reinforcing perceptions of oneself as a food addict. These possibilities merit scrutiny in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen K. Ruddock
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Self-perceived food addiction: Prevalence, predictors, and prognosis. Appetite 2017; 114:282-298. [PMID: 28385581 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Food addiction is controversial within the scientific community. However many lay people consider themselves addicted to certain foods. We assessed the prevalence and characteristics of self-perceived "food addiction" and its relationship to a diagnostic measure of "clinical food addiction" in two samples: (1) 658 university students, and (2) 614 adults from an international online crowdsourcing platform. Participants indicated whether they considered themselves to be addicted to food, and then completed the Yale Food Addiction Scale, measures of eating behavior, body image, and explicit and internalized weight stigma. Participants in the community sample additionally completed measures of impulsivity, food cravings, binge eating, and depressive symptomatology. Follow-up data were collected from a subset of 305 students (mean follow-up 280 ± 30 days). Self-perceived "food addiction" was prevalent, and was associated with elevated levels of problematic eating behavior, body image concerns, and psychopathology compared with "non-addicts", although individuals who also received a positive "diagnosis" on the Yale Food Addiction Scale experienced the most severe symptoms. A clear continuum was evident for all measures despite no differences in body mass index between the three groups. Multinomial logistic regression analyses indicated that perceived lack of self-control around food was the main factor distinguishing between those who did and did not consider themselves addicted to food, whereas severity of food cravings and depressive symptoms were the main discriminating variables between self-classifiers and those receiving a positive "diagnosis" on the Yale Food Addiction Scale. Self-perceived "food addiction" was moderately stable across time, but did not appear predictive of worsening eating pathology. Self-classification as a "food addict" may be of use in identifying individuals in need of assistance with food misuse, loss-of-control eating, and body image issues.
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Markus CR, Rogers PJ, Brouns F, Schepers R. Eating dependence and weight gain; no human evidence for a 'sugar-addiction' model of overweight. Appetite 2017; 114:64-72. [PMID: 28330706 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is an increasing societal concern that consumption of specific foods such as sugar might become 'addictive' and, hence, promote weight gain. Claims about the addictiveness of sugar however are based largely on findings from few animal studies, whereas there is a lack of direct human evidence for symptoms of sugar-related substance dependence. The current study examined in a large sample of human participants whether foods mainly containing sugar in particular might cause 'addiction-like' problems that meet clinical DSM criteria for substance dependence, and, also whether in turn this relates to body weight and negative affectivity (depressed mood). METHODS In a cross-sectional study, n = 1495 university students from a variety of faculties were assessed for DSM-related signs of food addiction for particular food categories (YFAS), and, also BMI and negative affectivity. RESULTS Results revealed that from the total sample, 95% experienced at least one symptom of food dependence and 12.6% met the YFAS classification for 'food addiction' as related to DSM-IV criteria. The majority of respondents experienced these problems for combined high-fat savoury (30%) and high-fat sweet (25%) foods, whereas only a minority experienced such problems for low-fat/savoury (2%) and mainly sugar-containing foods (5%). Overweight correlated only with addictive-like problems for high-fat savoury and high-fat sweet foods (P < 0.0001), while this was not found for foods mainly containing sugar. CONCLUSION The current findings indicate that sugary foods contribute minimally to 'food dependence' and increased risk of weight gain. Instead, they are consistent with the current scientific notion that food energy density, and the unique individual experience of eating, plays an important role in determining the reward value of food and promoting excessive energy intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rob Markus
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience; Dept of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology; Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter J Rogers
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Fred Brouns
- Human Biology, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, University Maastricht; Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Robbie Schepers
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience; Dept of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology; Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Rogers PJ. Food and drug addictions: Similarities and differences. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 153:182-190. [PMID: 28063947 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the merits of 'food addiction' as an explanation of excessive eating (i.e., eating in excess of what is required to maintain a healthy body weight). It describes various apparent similarities in appetites for foods and drugs. For example, conditioned environmental cues can arouse food and drug-seeking behaviour, 'craving' is an experience reported to precede eating and drug taking, 'bingeing' is associated with both eating and drug use, and conditioned and unconditioned tolerance occurs to food and drug ingestion. This is to be expected, as addictive drugs tap into the same processes and systems that evolved to motivate and control adaptive behaviours, including eating. The evidence, however, shows that drugs of abuse have more potent effects than foods, particularly in respect of their neuroadaptive effects that make them 'wanted.' While binge eating has been conceptualised as form of addictive behaviour, it is not a major cause of excessive eating, because binge eating has a far lower prevalence than obesity. Rather, it is proposed that obesity results from recurrent overconsumption of energy dense foods. Such foods are, relatedly, both attractive and (calorie for calorie) weakly satiating. Limiting their availability could partially decrease excessive eating and consequently decrease obesity. Arguably, persuading policy makers that these foods are addictive could support such action. However, blaming excessive eating on food addiction could be counterproductive, because it risks trivialising serious addictions, and because the attribution of excessive eating to food addiction implies an inability to control one's eating. Therefore, attributing everyday excessive eating to food addiction may neither explain nor significantly help reduce this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Rogers
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Attentional and motor impulsivity interactively predict 'food addiction' in obese individuals. Compr Psychiatry 2017; 72:83-87. [PMID: 27768944 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity is a multifaceted construct and constitutes a common risk factor for a range of behaviors associated with poor self-control (e.g., substance use or binge eating). The short form of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-15) measures impulsive behaviors related to attentional (inability to focus attention or concentrate), motor (acting without thinking), and non-planning (lack of future orientation or forethought) impulsivity. Eating-related measures appear to be particularly related to attentional and motor impulsivity and recent findings suggest that interactive effects between these two facets may play a role in eating- and weight-regulation. METHODS One-hundred thirty-three obese individuals presenting for bariatric surgery (77.4% female) completed the BIS-15 and the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) 2.0, which measures addiction-like eating based on the eleven symptoms of substance use disorder outlined in the fifth version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. RESULTS Sixty-three participants (47.4%) were classified as being 'food addicted'. Scores on attentional and motor impulsivity interactively predicted 'food addiction' status: higher attentional impulsivity was associated with a higher likelihood of receiving a YFAS 2.0 diagnosis only at high (+1 SD), but not at low (-1 SD) levels of motor impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS Results support previous findings showing that non-planning impulsivity does not appear to play a role in eating-related self-regulation. Furthermore, this is the first study that shows interactive effects between different impulsivity facets when predicting 'food addiction' in obese individuals. Self-regulatory failure in eating-regulation (e.g., addiction-like overeating) may particularly emerge when both attentional and motor impulsivity levels are elevated.
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