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Li L, Han B, Kong Y, Zhang G, Zhang Z. Vitamin D binding protein in psychiatric and neurological disorders: Implications for diagnosis and treatment. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101309. [PMID: 38983447 PMCID: PMC11231549 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2024.101309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) serves as a key transporter protein responsible for binding and delivering vitamin D and its metabolites to target organs. VDBP plays a crucial part in the inflammatory reaction following tissue damage and is engaged in actin degradation. Recent research has shed light on its potential role in various diseases, leading to a growing interest in understanding the implications of VDBP in psychiatric and neurological disorders. The purpose of this review was to provide a summary of the existing understanding regarding the involvement of VDBP in neurological and psychiatric disorders. By examining the intricate interplay between VDBP and these disorders, this review contributes to a deeper understanding of underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic avenues. Insights gained from the study of VDBP could pave the way for novel strategies in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Research Institution of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Gaojia Zhang
- Research Institution of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Research Institution of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Department of Mental Health and Public Health, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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Han Q, Xiang M, An N, Tan Q, Shao J, Wang Q. Effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on strength of lower and upper extremities in athletes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1381301. [PMID: 38860160 PMCID: PMC11163122 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1381301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Coaches and athletes are increasingly interested in understanding athletes' serum vitamin D levels, their impact on strength, physical performance, and athletic outcomes. Previous meta-analyses were reported with limited sample size and no significant overall effect was found. Hence, it is crucial to conduct a thorough and up-to-date systematic examination and meta-analysis to elucidate the potential advantages of supplementing with vitamin D3 in enhancing muscle strength for athletes. Methods We performed a thorough investigation, spanning three databases (PubMed, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library), seeking randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in all languages. These trials delved into the influence of vitamin D3 supplementation on the changes of pre- and post-intervention muscle strength in healthy athletes. Our systematic examination and meta-analysis took into account serum 25(OH)D levels exceeding 30 ng/mL as a marker of adequacy. Results Ten RCTs, comprising 354 athletes (185 in the vitamin D3 group and 169 in the placebo group), fulfilled the inclusion criteria. During the study, 36 athletes were lost to follow-up, leaving 318 athletes (166 in the vitamin D3 group and 152 in the placebo group) with documented complete results. In comparison with the placebo group, there is a significant increase between the changes of pre- and post-intervention serum 25(OH)D levels among athletes following a period of vitamin D3 supplementation (MD 14.76, 95% CI: 8.74 to 20.77, p < 0.0001). Overall effect of four strength measurements including handgrip, one repetition maximum Bench Press (1-RM BP), vertical jump, and quadriceps contraction was not significantly improved (SMD 0.18, 95% CI: -0.02 to 0.37, p = 0.08), but there was a significant increase in quadriceps contraction (SMD 0.57, 95% CI: 0.04 to 1.11, p = 0.04). Conclusion This updated meta-analysis indicates the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation for enhancing muscle strength in athletes when analyzing its quantitatively synthesized effects. With limited available studies for the quantitative synthesis, it cannot warrant significant overall enhancements in muscle strength when athletes attain adequate serum 25(OH)D levels through supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Han
- Sports Nutrition Center, National Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Lab of Sports Nutrition, State General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
- Sport Science College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- National Testing & Research Center for Sports Nutrition, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Mai Xiang
- Sports Nutrition Center, National Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Lab of Sports Nutrition, State General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
- Sport Science College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan An
- Sports Nutrition Center, National Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Lab of Sports Nutrition, State General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
- National Testing & Research Center for Sports Nutrition, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Qiushi Tan
- Sports Nutrition Center, National Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Lab of Sports Nutrition, State General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
- National Testing & Research Center for Sports Nutrition, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Shao
- Sports Nutrition Center, National Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Lab of Sports Nutrition, State General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
- National Testing & Research Center for Sports Nutrition, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Qirong Wang
- Sports Nutrition Center, National Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Lab of Sports Nutrition, State General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
- National Testing & Research Center for Sports Nutrition, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
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Anatolou D, Steiropoulos P, Zissimopoulos A, Chadia K, Archontogeorgis K, Kolios G, Manolopoulos VG, Ragia G. Polymorphisms in LRP2 and CUBN genes and their association with serum vitamin D levels and sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2024; 28:959-966. [PMID: 38008818 PMCID: PMC11136720 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-023-02950-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with the occurrence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Megalin (LRP2) and cubilin (CUBN) are implicated in vitamin D metabolism, whereas LRP2 and CUBN polymorphisms have been previously associated with variable serum vitamin D levels. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of LRP2 rs2228171 c.8614C > T and CUBN rs1801222 c.758A > G polymorphisms in OSAS susceptibility, independently or in synergy with vitamin D levels. METHODS Vitamin D serum concentration of consecutive individuals was measured. PCR-RFLP was used for LRP2 rs2228171 and CUBN rs1801222 genotyping. RESULTS A total of 176 individuals was enrolled, including 144 patients with OSAS and 32 controls. Frequency of LRP2 rs2228171 c.8614 T and CUBN rs1801222 c.758G alleles was estimated at 22.4% and 79.8%, respectively. LRP2 and CUBN polymorphisms were not associated with OSAS occurrence (rs2228171Τ allele: 22.9% in OSAS group vs. 20.3% in controls, p = 0.651; rs1801222A allele 19.4% in OSAS group vs. 23.4% in controls, p = 0.471). Frequency of CUBN rs1801222A allele carriers was increased in patients with moderate or severe OSAS compared to mild OSAS (p = 0.028). Patients with OSAS homozygous for LRP2 CC and CUBN GG genotypes had lower vitamin D serum concentration compared to controls carrying the same genotype (18.0 vs 27.0 ng/mL, p = 0.006 and 19.0 vs 27.5 ng/mL, p = 0.007, respectively). CONCLUSION CUBN rs1801222 polymorphism may affect OSAS severity. Among other factors, low vitamin D concentration is associated with OSAS occurrence, irrespectively of LRP2 and CUBN polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Anatolou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana Campus, 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Paschalis Steiropoulos
- MSc Programme in Sleep Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana Campus, 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana Campus, 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Athanasios Zissimopoulos
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana Campus, 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Konstantina Chadia
- MSc Programme in Sleep Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana Campus, 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana Campus, 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Kostas Archontogeorgis
- MSc Programme in Sleep Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana Campus, 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - George Kolios
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana Campus, 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Vangelis G Manolopoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana Campus, 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), Alexandroupolis, Greece.
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Academic General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Georgia Ragia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana Campus, 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), Alexandroupolis, Greece.
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Vieira-Neto A, Lean IJ, Santos JEP. Periparturient Mineral Metabolism: Implications to Health and Productivity. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1232. [PMID: 38672379 PMCID: PMC11047658 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mineral metabolism, in particular Ca, and to a lesser extent phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg), is altered with the onset of lactation because of extensive irreversible loss to synthesize colostrum and milk. The transient reduction in the concentration of Ca in blood, particularly when it lasts days, increases the risk of mineral-related disorders such as hypocalcemia and, to a lesser extent, hypophosphatemia. Although the incidence of clinical hypocalcemia can be reduced by prepartum dietary interventions, subclinical hypocalcemia remains prevalent, affecting up to 60% of the dairy cows in the first 3 d postpartum. More importantly, strong associations exist between hypocalcemia and increased susceptibility to other peripartum diseases and impaired reproductive performance. Mechanistic experiments have demonstrated the role of Ca on innate immune response in dairy cows, which presumably predisposes them to other diseases. Hypocalcemia is not related to inadequate Ca intake as prepartum diets marginal to deficient in Ca reduce the risk of the disease. Therefore, the understanding of how Ca homeostasis is regulated, in particular how calciotropic hormones such as parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, affect blood Ca concentrations, gastrointestinal Ca absorption, bone remodeling, and renal excretion of Ca become critical to develop novel strategies to prevent mineral imbalances either by nutritional or pharmacological interventions. A common method to reduce the risk of hypocalcemia is the manipulation of the prepartum dietary cation-anion difference. Feeding acidogenic diets not only improves Ca homeostasis and reduces hypocalcemia, but also reduces the risk of uterine diseases and improves productive performance. Feeding diets that induce a negative Ca balance in the last weeks of gestation also reduce the risk of clinical hypocalcemia, and recent work shows that the incorporation of mineral sequestering agents, presumably by reducing the absorption of P and Ca prepartum, increases blood Ca at calving, although benefits to production and health remain to be shown. Alternative strategies to minimize subclinical hypocalcemia with the use of vitamin D metabolites either fed prepartum or as a pharmacological agent administered immediately after calving have shown promising results in reducing hypocalcemia and altering immune cell function, which might prove efficacious to prevent diseases in early lactation. This review summarizes the current understanding of Ca homeostasis around parturition, the limited knowledge of the exact mechanisms for gastrointestinal Ca absorption in bovine, the implications of hypocalcemia on the health of dairy cows, and discusses the methods to minimize the risk of hypocalcemia and their impacts on productive performance and health in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achilles Vieira-Neto
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Ian J. Lean
- Scibus, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia;
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - José Eduardo P. Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Tsang HW, Tung KTS, Wong RS, Wong SY, Tung JYL, Chua GT, Ho MHK, Pang CP, Wong WHS, Chan GCF, Wong ICK, Ip P. Association of vitamin D-binding protein polymorphisms and serum 25(OH)D concentration varies among Chinese healthy infants of different VDR-FokI genotypes: A multi-centre cross-sectional study. NUTR BULL 2024; 49:63-72. [PMID: 38146611 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Hypovitaminosis D during infancy is associated with the development of chronic diseases and poor health later in life. While the effect of environmental factors on vitamin D concentration has been extensively explored, this study aimed to explore the effect of genetic factors on vitamin D concentration among Chinese infants. We conducted a multi-centre cross-sectional study in Hong Kong from July 2019 to May 2021. A candidate genetic approach was adopted to study four selected genetic variants of the vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) (rs4588, rs7041, rs2282679 and rs2228570) to examine their associations with measured serum 25(OH)D concentration. A total of 378 Chinese infants aged 2-12 months were recruited in this study. Peripheral blood samples were collected from the infants to measure serum 25(OH)D concentration and extract DNA. Results showed that rs7041T and rs2282679C were significantly associated with lower serum 25(OH)D concentration. Further analysis of the DBP variants revealed that the GC1F allele was significantly associated with lower 25(OH)D concentration and identified as the risk DBP isoform in infants. While our results revealed that there is no direct association between VDR-FokI genotype and serum 25(OH)D concentration, a VDR-FokI genotype-specific pattern was observed in the association between DBP isoforms and serum 25(OH)D concentration. Specifically, significant associations were observed in the DBP genotypes GC1F/F, GC1F/2 and GC1S/2 among VDR-FokI TT/TC carriers, but not in VDR-FokI CC carriers. Our findings lay down the basis for the potential of genetic screening to identify high risk of hypovitaminosis D in Chinese infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hing Wai Tsang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Keith T S Tung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rosa S Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siew Yan Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joanna Y L Tung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Paediatrics, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gilbert T Chua
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Marco H K Ho
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wilfred H S Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Godfrey C F Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ian C K Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Kuwata N, Mukohda H, Uchida H, Takamatsu R, Binici MM, Yamada T, Sugiyama T. Renal Endocytic Regulation of Vitamin D Metabolism during Maturation and Aging in Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:502. [PMID: 38338146 PMCID: PMC10854989 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Egg-laying hens undergo a specific and dramatic calcium metabolism to lay eggs with eggshells composed of calcium carbonate. Calcium metabolism is mainly regulated by vitamin D3. Although vitamin D3 metabolism is closely related to the deterioration of eggshell quality associated with aging and heat stress, the details of the mechanisms regulating vitamin D3 metabolism are not clear. In mammals, the vitamin D3 metabolite (25(OH)D3) produced in the liver binds to the vitamin binding protein (DBP), is subsequently taken up by renal proximal tubular cells via the endocytic receptors megalin (Meg) and cubilin (CUB), and is metabolized to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3). Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the expression and localization of Meg and CUB in the kidneys of immature chicks and mature and aged laying hens to prevent eggshell quality deterioration. As a result, we showed that as circulating 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations increased from 156.0 ± 13.5 pg/mL to 815.5 ± 61.4 pg/mL with maturation in immature chicks, relative expression levels (arbitrary units; AU) of Meg and CUB mRNA in the kidneys of mature hens significantly increased 1.92- and 2.75-fold, respectively, compared to those in immature chicks. On the other hand, the Meg mRNA expression levels of mature hens did not change with age, while CUB mRNA expression levels (1.03 ± 0.11 AU) were significantly decreased compared to mature hens (2.75 ± 0.24 AU). Immunohistochemical observations showed that Meg and CUB proteins were localized to the apical membrane of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells in immature chicks, mature hens, and aged hens, and that DBP protein was observed as granular endosomes in the cytoplasm of proximal tubular cells from the apical membrane to the cell nucleus. Especially in mature hens, the endosomes were larger and more numerous than those in immature chicks. In contrast, in aged hens, DBP-containing endosomes were smaller and limited to the apical cytoplasm. These results indicate that with maturation, the expression of Meg and CUB is promoted in the renal proximal tubules of laying hens, facilitating the uptake of the 25(OH)D3-DBP complex and its conversion to 1,25(OH)2D3, and regulating calcium metabolism in eggshell formation. On the other hand, it is suggested that the age-related decrease in CUB expression suppresses the uptake of the 25(OH)D3-DBP complex in the kidney, resulting in a deterioration of eggshell quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Kuwata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 9502181, Japan
| | - Hatsune Mukohda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 9502181, Japan
| | - Hiroto Uchida
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 9502181, Japan
| | - Ryo Takamatsu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 9502181, Japan
| | - Muhammet Mustafa Binici
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 9502181, Japan
| | - Takahisa Yamada
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 9502181, Japan;
| | - Toshie Sugiyama
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata 9502181, Japan;
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Yi W, Lv D, Sun Y, Mu J, Lu X. Role of APOE in glaucoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 694:149414. [PMID: 38145596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a chronic blinding eye disease caused by the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Currently, no clinically approved treatment can directly improve the survival rate of RGCs. The Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is closely related to the genetic risk of numerous neurodegenerative diseases and has become a hot topic in the field of neurodegenerative disease research in recent years. The optic nerve and retina are extensions of the brain's nervous system. The pathogenesis of retinal degenerative diseases is closely related to the degenerative diseases of the nerves in the brain. APOE consists of three alleles, ε4, ε3, and ε2, in a single locus. They have varying degrees of risk for glaucoma. APOE4 and the APOE gene deletion (APOE-/-) can reduce RGC loss. By contrast, APOE3 and the overall presence of APOE genes (APOE+/+) result in significant loss of RGC bodies and axons, increasing the risk of glaucoma RGCs death. Currently, there is no clear literature indicating that APOE2 is beneficial or harmful to glaucoma. This study summarises the mechanism of different APOE genes in glaucoma and speculates that APOE targeted intervention may be a promising method for protecting against RGCs loss in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Yi
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu City, Sichuan province, China.
| | - De Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Yue Sun
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu City, Sichuan province, China.
| | - Jingyu Mu
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu City, Sichuan province, China.
| | - Xuejing Lu
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu City, Sichuan province, China; Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu City, Sichuan province, China; Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention & Cure and Visual Function Protection with TCM Laboratory, Chengdu City, Sichuan province, China; Retinal Image Technology and Chronic Vascular Disease Prevention&Control and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu City, Sichuan province, China.
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Semnani-Azad Z, Wang WZN, Cole DEC, Johnston LW, Wong BYL, Fu L, Retnakaran R, Harris SB, Hanley AJ. Urinary Vitamin D Binding Protein: A Marker of Kidney Tubular Dysfunction in Patients at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae014. [PMID: 38352963 PMCID: PMC10862653 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Recent studies have reported elevated urinary vitamin D binding protein (uVDBP) concentrations in patients with diabetic kidney disease, although the utility of uVDBP to predict deterioration of kidney function over time has not been examined. Objective Our objective was to assess the association of uVDBP with longitudinal changes in kidney function. Methods Adults at-risk for type 2 diabetes from the Prospective Metabolism and Islet Cell Evaluation (PROMISE) study had 3 assessments over 6 years (n = 727). Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were used as measures of kidney function. Measurements of uVDBP were performed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and normalized to urine creatinine (uVDBP:cr). Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) evaluated longitudinal associations of uVDBP and uVDBP:cr with measures of kidney function, adjusting for covariates. Results Renal uVDBP loss increased with ACR severity at baseline. Individuals with normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria had median log uVDBP:cr concentrations of 1.62 μg/mmol, 2.63 μg/mmol, and 2.48 μg/mmol, respectively, and ACR positively correlated with uVDBP concentrations (r = 0.37; P < .001). There was no significant association between uVDBP and eGFR at baseline. Adjusted longitudinal GEE models indicated that each SD increase both in baseline and longitudinal uVDBP:cr was significantly associated with higher ACR over 6 years (β = 30.67 and β = 32.91, respectively). Conversely, neither baseline nor longitudinal uVDBP:cr measures showed a significant association with changes in eGFR over time. These results suggest that loss of uVDBP:cr over time may be a useful marker for predicting renal tubular damage in individuals at risk for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Semnani-Azad
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Windy Z N Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - David E C Cole
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics (Genetics), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Luke W Johnston
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Betty Y L Wong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Lei Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ravi Retnakaran
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Stewart B Harris
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Anthony J Hanley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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Spyksma EE, Alexandridou A, Mai K, Volmer DA, Stokes CS. An Overview of Different Vitamin D Compounds in the Setting of Adiposity. Nutrients 2024; 16:231. [PMID: 38257127 PMCID: PMC10820956 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A large body of research shows an association between higher body weight and low vitamin D status, as assessed using serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. Vitamin D can be metabolised in adipose tissue and has been reported to influence gene expression and modulate inflammation and adipose tissue metabolism in vitro. However, the exact metabolism of vitamin D in adipose tissue is currently unknown. White adipose tissue expresses the vitamin D receptor and hydroxylase enzymes, substantially involved in vitamin D metabolism and efficacy. The distribution and concentrations of the generated vitamin D compounds in adipose tissue, however, are largely unknown. Closing this knowledge gap could help to understand whether the different vitamin D compounds have specific health effects in the setting of adiposity. This review summarises the current evidence for a role of vitamin D in adipose tissue and discusses options to accurately measure vitamin D compounds in adipose tissue using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva E. Spyksma
- Food and Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany; (A.A.); (D.A.V.)
| | - Anastasia Alexandridou
- Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany; (A.A.); (D.A.V.)
| | - Knut Mai
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, 90451 Nuremberg, Germany
- Department of Human Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Dietrich A. Volmer
- Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany; (A.A.); (D.A.V.)
| | - Caroline S. Stokes
- Food and Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
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Forbord KM, Okla M, Lunde NN, Bosnjak-Olsen T, Arnekleiv G, Hesselson D, Johansen HT, Tang JCY, Kassem M, Solberg R, Jafari A. The Cysteine Protease Legumain Is Upregulated by Vitamin D and Is a Regulator of Vitamin D Metabolism in Mice. Cells 2023; 13:36. [PMID: 38201240 PMCID: PMC10778535 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Legumain is a lysosomal cysteine protease that has been implicated in an increasing amount of physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, the upstream mechanisms regulating the expression and function of legumain are not well understood. Here, we provide in vitro and in vivo data showing that vitamin D3 (VD3) enhances legumain expression and function. In turn, legumain alters VD3 bioavailability, possibly through proteolytic cleavage of vitamin D binding protein (VDBP). Active VD3 (1,25(OH)2D3) increased legumain expression, activity, and secretion in osteogenic cultures of human bone marrow stromal cells. Upregulation of legumain was also observed in vivo, evidenced by increased legumain mRNA in the liver and spleen, as well as increased legumain activity in kidneys from wild-type mice treated with 25(OH)D3 (50 µg/kg, subcutaneously) for 8 days compared to a control. In addition, the serum level of legumain was also increased. We further showed that active legumain cleaved purified VDBP (55 kDa) in vitro, forming a 45 kDa fragment. In vivo, no VDBP cleavage was found in kidneys or liver from legumain-deficient mice (Lgmn-/-), whereas VDBP was cleaved in wild-type control mice (Lgmn+/+). Finally, legumain deficiency resulted in increased plasma levels of 25(OH)D3 and total VD3 and altered expression of key renal enzymes involved in VD3 metabolism (CYP24A1 and CYP27B1). In conclusion, a regulatory interplay between VD3 and legumain is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Martin Forbord
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; (K.M.F.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Meshail Okla
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ngoc Nguyen Lunde
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; (K.M.F.)
| | - Tatjana Bosnjak-Olsen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; (K.M.F.)
| | - Guro Arnekleiv
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; (K.M.F.)
| | - Daniel Hesselson
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Harald Thidemann Johansen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; (K.M.F.)
| | - Jonathan C. Y. Tang
- Bioanalytical Facility, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK;
- Clinical Biochemistry, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rigmor Solberg
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; (K.M.F.)
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Meng L, Wang X, Carson JL, Schlussel Y, Shapses SA. Vitamin D Binding Protein and Postsurgical Outcomes and Tissue Injury Markers After Hip Fracture: A Prospective Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 109:e18-e24. [PMID: 37633261 PMCID: PMC10735285 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hip fracture is a serious injury that can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Vitamin D binding protein (DBP) is a potential prognostic indicator of outcomes since it is important for actin scavenging and inflammation after tissue injury. OBJECTIVE To determine whether circulating DBP is associated with mobility or mortality after hip fracture and its association with acute tissue injury markers. METHODS Post hoc analysis of a multisite North American prospective study of 260 patients with hip fracture; mobility assessed at 30 and 60 days and mortality at 60 days after repair surgery. Biochemical markers were measured before, and 2 to 4 days after surgery. Tissue injury markers were measured in 100 randomly selected patients and controls. The primary outcome was mobility and mortality by DBP tertiles. Secondary outcomes were assessment of pre- and postoperative biomarkers. RESULTS Among all patients (81 ± 9 years, BMI 25 ± 4 kg/m2; 72% female), the highest DBP tertile had greater mobility at 30 (OR: 2.66; 95% CI: 1.43, 4.92; P = .002) and 60 days (OR: 2.31; 95% CI: 1.17, 4.54; P = .014) and reduced mortality (OR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.86; P = .032) compared with the lowest DBP tertile (<28.0 mg/dL). Total 25-hydroxyvitamin-D did not differ between tertiles (22.0 ± 9.5 ng/mL). Circulating DBP and gelsolin were lower and interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and F-actin were higher (P < .01) in patients vs controls, and worsened (P < .01) after surgery. CONCLUSION High circulating DBP concentrations are associated with better mobility and reduced mortality after hip fracture surgery. The role of DBP as an acute phase reactant to tissue injury and clinical outcomes should be addressed in future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqiong Meng
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, and the Institute of Food, Nutrition & Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Xiangbing Wang
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Carson
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yvette Schlussel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, and the Institute of Food, Nutrition & Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Sue A Shapses
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, and the Institute of Food, Nutrition & Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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12
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Doğan D, Özcan EG, Çakır DÜ, Sılan F. Genetic influence on urinary vitamin D binding protein excretion and serum levels: a focus on rs4588 C>A polymorphism in the GC gene. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1281112. [PMID: 38144557 PMCID: PMC10740204 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1281112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) plays a crucial role in vitamin D transport and metabolism. The rs4588-A polymorphism of the GC gene, encoding VDBP, has been associated with altered serum VDBP and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the relationship between urinary VDBP excretion and serum VDBP and 25OHD levels in individuals with and without the rs4588-A allele. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 109 children (mean age: 11.96 years) to explore the impact of rs4588-A on vitamin D metabolism and urinary VDBP excretion. Biochemical analyses determined serum 25OHD and VDBP levels, and urinary VDBP-to-creatinine ratio (u-VDBP/Cr). Genotyping for rs4588 SNP was performed using LightSNiP assay. Statistical analyses included correlation, linear regression, and comparison between allele groups. Results Participants carrying the rs4588-A allele exhibited lower serum 25OHD levels compared to non-carriers (median (IQR): 11.85 (3.5) vs. 12.86 (4.9), p = 0.023). However, no statistically significant differences were observed in serum VDBP levels (126.34 ± 59.3 in rs4588-A vs. 136.49 ± 51.3 in non-rs4588-A, p = 0.141) or in u-VDBP/Cr (median (IQR): 0.4 (0.35) in rs4588-A vs. 0.386 (0.43) in non-rs4588-A, p = 0.189) between the two allele groups. A significant inverse correlation between u-VDBP/Cr and serum VDBP levels was found only in rs4588-A carriers (r = -0.367, p = 0.024). No such correlation was observed in non-carriers or the entire cohort. A linear regression analysis confirmed the impact of u-VDBP/Cr on serum VDBP levels in rs4588-A carriers (B = -0.269, t = -2.185, p = 0.035). Conclusion Individuals with the rs4588-A allele in the GC gene had lower serum 25OHD levels. An inverse correlation between urinary VDBP excretion and serum VDBP levels was observed, suggesting a partial role of the renal pathway in altered serum VDBP and 25OHD levels linked to the rs4588-A allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durmus Doğan
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Türkiye
| | - Eda Gül Özcan
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Türkiye
| | - Dilek Ülker Çakır
- Department of Biochemistry, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Türkiye
| | - Fatma Sılan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Türkiye
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Deng YH, Wang XF, Wu X, Yan P, Liu Q, Wu T, Duan SB. Differential renal proteomics analysis in a novel rat model of iodinated contrast-induced acute kidney injury. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2178821. [PMID: 36794437 PMCID: PMC9937018 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2178821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI), which occurs after the use of iodinated contrast media, has become the third leading cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury (AKI). It is associated with prolonged hospitalization and increased risks of end-stage renal disease and mortality. The pathogenesis of CI-AKI is unclear and effective treatments are lacking. By comparing different post-nephrectomy times and dehydration times, we constructed a new, short-course CI-AKI model using dehydration for 24 h two weeks after unilateral nephrectomy. We found that the low-osmolality contrast media iohexol caused more severe renal function decline, renal morphological damage, and mitochondrial ultrastructural alterations compared to the iso-osmolality contrast media iodixanol. The shotgun proteomics based on Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) was used to conduct proteomics research on renal tissue in the new CI-AKI model, and 604 distinct proteins were identified, mainly involving complement and coagulation cascade, COVID-19, PPAR signalling pathway, mineral absorption, cholesterol metabolism, ferroptosis, staphylococcus aureus infection, systemic lupus erythematosus, folate biosynthesis, and proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation. Then, using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM), we validate 16 candidate proteins, of which five were novel candidates (Serpina1, Apoa1, F2, Plg, Hrg) previously unrelated to AKI and associated with an acute response as well as fibrinolysis. The pathway analysis and 16 candidate proteins may help to discover new mechanisms in the pathogenesis of CI-AKI, allowing for early diagnosis and outcome prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hao Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Fen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Bin Duan
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, P.R. China,CONTACT Shao-Bin Duan Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
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14
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McWhorter CA, Mead MJ, Rodgers MD, Ebeling MD, Shary JR, Gregoski MJ, Newton DA, Baatz JE, Hollis BW, Hewison M, Wagner CL. Predicting comorbidities of pregnancy: A comparison between total and free 25(OH)D and their associations with parathyroid hormone. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 235:106420. [PMID: 37913892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a unique time when amplified sex steroid concentrations promote an escalation in vitamin D binding protein (DBP) synthesis, associated with increased total vitamin D and metabolites, including 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Free 25(OH)D concentration increases disproportionately to total 25(OH)D during pregnancy, likely an adaptation to supply the woman and fetus with readily available 25(OH)D. Highlighting the importance of the calcium metabolic stress during pregnancy, the interactional relationship between serum 25(OH)D and PTH has been evaluated. Maternal total 25(OH)D and total 25(OH)D/iPTH are measures of vitamin D status and biomarkers for potential pregnancy complications. It has been proposed that free 25(OH)D and free 25(OH)D/iPTH could be better indicators of vitamin D status and predictors of pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes (GDM), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and preterm delivery. This study aims to determine if free 25(OH)D and its association with PTH are more accurate predictors of comorbidities of pregnancy than total 25(OH)D and its association with PTH. In this post hoc analysis of the Kellogg Pregnancy Study, a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial, participants included 297 women with singleton pregnancies: 191 participants were randomized into a group receiving a daily prenatal (400 IU vitamin D3) while 196 received a prenatal plus extra supplementation (4400 IU vitamin D3). Blood and urine samples were collected monthly. 297 participants' serum total 25(OH)D concentrations were measured using radioimmunoassay at baseline (visit 1) and 5-7 months' gestation (visit 6-7). 93 participants' serum free 25(OH)D and PTH concentrations were measured using ELISA and immunoradiometric assay, respectively, at visit 1 and 6-7; 66 participants had paired samples and were included in this analysis. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.4, Cary, N.C. or SPSS v28, IBM Corporation, Armonk, N.Y. Results were considered significant with a p < 0.05. A significant relationship exists between the ratio of total 25(OH)D/iPTH and free 25(OH)D/iPTH grouped by total 25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/mL and < 30 ng/mL as an indicator of maternal vitamin D status. There was a statistically significant relationship between lower mean free 25(OH)D/iPTH and the development of GDM at visit 1 (p = 0.0003) and at visit 6-7 (p = 0.001) while total 25(OH)D/iPTH and GDM were significantly related only at visit 1 (p = 0.029). In this exploratory cohort, neither free 25(OH)D/iPTH nor total 25(OH)D/iPTH were significantly associated with increased incidence of preterm delivery, hypertensive disorders, or combined comorbidities of pregnancy. An univariate logistic regression evaluating the outcome of gestational diabetes while independently controlling for independent factors showed the ratio of free 25(OH)D/iPTH was more closely associated with gestational diabetes than the ratio of total 25(OH)D/iPTH, although neither were significant. This proof-of-concept analysis suggests that the ratio of free 25(OH)D/iPTH is associated with the development of gestational diabetes throughout pregnancy while total 25(OH)D/iPTH is only associated with the outcome early in pregnancy. Further investigation is warranted to explore this relationship between calcium metabolic stress during pregnancy with a larger cohort to improve validity,reproducibility, and relevance to other pregnancy comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Molly J Mead
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Megan D Rodgers
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Myla D Ebeling
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Shawn Jenkins Children's Hospital, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Judy R Shary
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Shawn Jenkins Children's Hospital, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mathew J Gregoski
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Danforth A Newton
- Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - John E Baatz
- Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Bruce W Hollis
- Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Martin Hewison
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carol L Wagner
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Shawn Jenkins Children's Hospital, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Pavlou IA, Spandidos DA, Zoumpourlis V, Adamaki M. Nutrient insufficiencies and deficiencies involved in the pathogenesis of bruxism (Review). Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:563. [PMID: 37954114 PMCID: PMC10632959 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress has been well-documented to have a significant role in the etiopathogenesis of bruxism. Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and subsequent release of corticosteroids lead to increased muscle activity. Neurological studies have demonstrated that chronic stress exposure induces neurodegeneration of important neuronal structures and destabilization of the mesocortical dopaminergic pathway. These disruptions impair the abilities to counteract the overactivity of the HPA axis and disinhibit involuntary muscle activity, while at the same time, there is activation of the amygdala. Recent evidence shows that overactivation of the amygdala under stressful stimuli causes rhythmic jaw muscle activity by over activating the mesencephalic and motor trigeminal nuclei. The present review aimed to discuss the negative effects of certain vitamin and mineral deficiencies, such as vitamin D, magnesium, and omega-3 fatty acids, on the central nervous system. It provides evidence on how such insufficiencies may increase stress sensitivity and neuromuscular excitability and thereby reduce the ability to effectively respond to the overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system, and also how stress can in turn lead to these insufficiencies. Finally, the positive effects of individualized supplementation are discussed in the context of diminishing anxiety and oxidative stress, neuroprotection and in the reversal of neurodegeneration, and also in alleviating/reducing neuromuscular symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Adamaki
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
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16
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Datta S, Cao W, Skillman M, Wu M. Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: Signaling & Molecular Perspectives, and the Road Ahead. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15249. [PMID: 37894928 PMCID: PMC10607600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a lethal congenital heart disease (CHD) affecting 8-25 per 100,000 neonates globally. Clinical interventions, primarily surgical, have improved the life expectancy of the affected subjects substantially over the years. However, the etiological basis of HLHS remains fundamentally unclear to this day. Based upon the existing paradigm of studies, HLHS exhibits a multifactorial mode of etiology mediated by a complicated course of genetic and signaling cascade. This review presents a detailed outline of the HLHS phenotype, the prenatal and postnatal risks, and the signaling and molecular mechanisms driving HLHS pathogenesis. The review discusses the potential limitations and future perspectives of studies that can be undertaken to address the existing scientific gap. Mechanistic studies to explain HLHS etiology will potentially elucidate novel druggable targets and empower the development of therapeutic regimens against HLHS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mingfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (S.D.); (W.C.); (M.S.)
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17
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Hnokaew P, Moonmanee T, Phatsara C, Chongkasikit N, Trirawong P, Oluodo LA, Yammuen-Art S. Effect of UV-B irradiated vitamin D enriched yeast supplementation on milk performance and blood chemical profiles in dairy cows. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:1536-1545. [PMID: 37170501 PMCID: PMC10475374 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the effects of UV-B irradiated vitamin D-enriched yeast supplementation on milk yield, milk composition, vitamin D in milk, milk fatty acids, blood chemistry, and 25(OH)D status in dairy cows. METHODS Six Thai Friesian cows (milk production, 11.2±2.0 kg/d; body weight, 415.0±20.0 kg; and days in milk, 90.0±6.0) were allocated to each treatment in a 3×3 Latin square design, with three treatments and three periods. Each period of the Latin square lasted 49 days consisting of 14 days for diet adaptation and 35 days for sample collection. Dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: i) feeding a basal diet without yeast (CON); ii) basal diet + 5 g of live yeast (75 IU/head/d of vitamin D2; LY); and iii) basal diet + 5 g of UV-B irradiated vitamin D enriched yeast (150,000 IU/head/d of vitamin D2; VDY). Feed intake and milk production were recorded daily, milk sample collection occurred on days 14 and 35 of each collection period, and blood plasma was collected on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 of each collection period. RESULTS The results show that after a trial period of 14 and 35 days, the VDY group had significantly higher vitamin D content in milk than the LY and CON groups (376.41 vs 305.15, 302.14 ng/L and 413.46 vs 306.76, 301.12 ng/L, respectively). At days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 of the experiment, cows fed the VDY group had significantly higher 25(OH)D2 status in blood than the CON and LY groups (51.07 vs 47.16, 48.05 ng/mL; 54.96 vs 45.43, 46.91 ng/mL; 56.16 vs 46.87, 47.16 ng/mL; 60.67 vs 44.39, 46.17 ng/mL and 63.91 vs 45.88, 46.88 ng/mL), respectively. CONCLUSION In conclusion, UV-B irradiated vitamin D-enriched yeast supplementation could improve vitamin D content in the milk and 25(OH)D status in dairy cows during the lactation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patipan Hnokaew
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand
| | - Tossapol Moonmanee
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand
| | - Chirawath Phatsara
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand
| | - Nattaphon Chongkasikit
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand
| | - Prayad Trirawong
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140,
Thailand
| | - Lukman Abiola Oluodo
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand
- Outreach Department, Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, Benin City, 1069,
Nigeria
| | - Saowaluck Yammuen-Art
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand
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18
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Wimalawansa SJ. Controlling Chronic Diseases and Acute Infections with Vitamin D Sufficiency. Nutrients 2023; 15:3623. [PMID: 37630813 PMCID: PMC10459179 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from developmental disabilities, the prevalence of chronic diseases increases with age especially in those with co-morbidities: vitamin D deficiency plays a major role in it. Whether vitamin D deficiency initiates and/or aggravates chronic diseases or vice versa is unclear. It adversely affects all body systems but can be eliminated using proper doses of vitamin D supplementation and/or safe daily sun exposure. Maintaining the population serum 25(OH)D concentration above 40 ng/mL (i.e., sufficiency) ensures a sound immune system, minimizing symptomatic diseases and reducing infections and the prevalence of chronic diseases. This is the most cost-effective way to keep a population healthy and reduce healthcare costs. Vitamin D facilitates physiological functions, overcoming pathologies such as chronic inflammation and oxidative stress and maintaining broader immune functions. These are vital to overcoming chronic diseases and infections. Therefore, in addition to following essential public health and nutritional guidance, maintaining vitamin D sufficiency should be an integral part of better health, preventing acute and chronic diseases and minimize their complications. Those with severe vitamin D deficiency have the highest burdens of co-morbidities and are more vulnerable to developing complications and untimely deaths. Vitamin D adequacy improves innate and adaptive immune systems. It controls excessive inflammation and oxidative stress, generates antimicrobial peptides, and neutralizes antibodies via immune cells. Consequently, vitamin D sufficiency reduces infections and associated complications and deaths. Maintaining vitamin D sufficiency reduces chronic disease burden, illnesses, hospitalizations, and all-cause mortality. Vulnerable communities, such as ethnic minorities living in temperate countries, older people, those with co-morbidities, routine night workers, and institutionalized persons, have the highest prevalence of vitamin D deficiency-they would significantly benefit from vitamin D and targeted micronutrient supplementation. At least now, health departments, authorities, and health insurance companies should start assessing, prioritizing, and encouraging this economical, non-prescription, safe micronutrient to prevent and treat acute and chronic diseases. This approach will significantly reduce morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs and ensure healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil J Wimalawansa
- Department of Medicine, CardioMetabolic & Endocrine Institute, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
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19
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Goto S, Hosojima M, Kabasawa H, Saito A. The endocytosis receptor megalin: From bench to bedside. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 157:106393. [PMID: 36863658 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
The large (∼600 kDa) endocytosis receptor megalin/low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 is highly expressed at the apical membrane of proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs). Megalin plays an important role in the endocytosis of various ligands via interactions with intracellular adaptor proteins, which mediate the trafficking of megalin in PTECs. Megalin mediates the retrieval of essential substances, including carrier-bound vitamins and elements, and impairment of the endocytic process may result in the loss of those substances. In addition, megalin reabsorbs nephrotoxic substances such as antimicrobial (colistin, vancomycin, and gentamicin) or anticancer (cisplatin) drugs and advanced glycation end product-modified or fatty acid-containing albumin. The megalin-mediated uptake of these nephrotoxic ligands causes metabolic overload in PTECs and leads to kidney injury. Blockade or suppression of the megalin-mediated endocytosis of nephrotoxic substances may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for drug-induced nephrotoxicity or metabolic kidney disease. Megalin reabsorbs urinary biomarker proteins such as albumin, α1-microglobulin, β2-microglobulin, and liver-type fatty acid-binding protein; thus, the above-mentioned megalin-targeted therapy may have an effect on the urinary excretion of these biomarkers. We have previously established a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure the ectodomain (A-megalin) and full-length (C-megalin) forms of urinary megalin using monoclonal antibodies against the amino- and carboxyl-terminals of megalin, respectively, and reported their clinical usefulness. In addition, there have been reports of patients with novel pathological anti-brush border autoantibodies targeting megalin in the kidney. Even with these breakthroughs in the characterization of megalin, a large number of issues remain to be addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawako Goto
- Departments of Applied Molecular Medicine, Japan
| | - Michihiro Hosojima
- Departments of Clinical Nutrition Science, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kabasawa
- Departments of Clinical Nutrition Science, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
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20
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Gonçalves LED, Andrade-Silva M, Basso PJ, Câmara NOS. Vitamin D and chronic kidney disease: Insights on lipid metabolism of tubular epithelial cell and macrophages in tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1145233. [PMID: 37064892 PMCID: PMC10090472 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1145233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been recognized as a significant global health problem due to being an important contributor to morbidity and mortality. Inflammation is the critical event that leads to CKD development orchestrated by a complex interaction between renal parenchyma and immune cells. Particularly, the crosstalk between tubular epithelial cells (TECs) and macrophages is an example of the critical cell communication in the kidney that drives kidney fibrosis, a pathological feature in CKD. Metabolism dysregulation of TECs and macrophages can be a bridge that connects inflammation and fibrogenesis. Currently, some evidence has reported how cellular lipid disturbances can affect kidney disease and cause tubulointerstitial fibrosis highlighting the importance of investigating potential molecules that can restore metabolic parameters. Vitamin D (VitD) is a hormone naturally produced by mammalian cells in a coordinated manner by the skin, liver, and kidneys. VitD deficiency or insufficiency is prevalent in patients with CKD, and serum levels of VitD are inversely correlated with the degree of kidney inflammation and renal function. Proximal TECs and macrophages produce the active form of VitD, and both express the VitD receptor (VDR) that evidence the importance of this nutrient in regulating their functions. However, whether VitD signaling drives physiological and metabolism improvement of TECs and macrophages during kidney injury is an open issue to be debated. In this review, we brought to light VitD as an important metabolic modulator of lipid metabolism in TECs and macrophages. New scientific approaches targeting VitD e VDR signaling at the cellular metabolic level can provide a better comprehension of its role in renal physiology and CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Eduardo D. Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Magaiver Andrade-Silva
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental e Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo José Basso
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Paulo José Basso, ; Niels O. S. Câmara,
| | - Niels O. S. Câmara
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental e Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Paulo José Basso, ; Niels O. S. Câmara,
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21
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Nemeth Z, Patonai A, Simon-Szabó L, Takács I. Interplay of Vitamin D and SIRT1 in Tissue-Specific Metabolism-Potential Roles in Prevention and Treatment of Non-Communicable Diseases Including Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076154. [PMID: 37047134 PMCID: PMC10094444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer, is increasing as a requirement of the aging population in developed countries and the sustainability of healthcare. Similarly, the 2013-2030 action plan of the WHO for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases seeks these achievements. Adequate lifestyle changes, alone or with the necessary treatments, could reduce the risk of mortality or the deterioration of quality of life. In our recent work, we summarized the role of two central factors, i.e., appropriate levels of vitamin D and SIRT1, which are connected to adequate lifestyles with beneficial effects on the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases. Both of these factors have received increased attention in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic as they both take part in regulation of the main metabolic processes, i.e., lipid/glucose/energy homeostasis, oxidative stress, redox balance, and cell fate, as well as in the healthy regulation of the immune system. Vitamin D and SIRT1 have direct and indirect influence of the regulation of transcription and epigenetic changes and are related to cytoplasmic signaling pathways such as PLC/DAG/IP3/PKC/MAPK, MEK/Erk, insulin/mTOR/cell growth, proliferation; leptin/PI3K-Akt-mTORC1, Akt/NFĸB/COX-2, NFĸB/TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and AMPK/PGC-1α/GLUT4, among others. Through their proper regulation, they maintain normal body weight, lipid profile, insulin secretion and sensitivity, balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory processes under normal conditions and infections, maintain endothelial health; balance cell differentiation, proliferation, and fate; and balance the circadian rhythm of the cellular metabolism. The role of these two molecules is interconnected in the molecular network, and they regulate each other in several layers of the homeostasis of energy and the cellular metabolism. Both have a central role in the maintenance of healthy and balanced immune regulation and redox reactions; therefore, they could constitute promising targets either for prevention or as complementary therapies to achieve a better quality of life, at any age, for healthy people and patients under chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Nemeth
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Koranyi S. u 2/a, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Patonai
- Department of Surgery, Transplantation and Gastroenterology, Semmelweis University, Ulloi u. 78, 1082 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laura Simon-Szabó
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto u. 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Takács
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Koranyi S. u 2/a, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
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22
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Beenken A, Cerutti G, Brasch J, Guo Y, Sheng Z, Erdjument-Bromage H, Aziz Z, Robbins-Juarez SY, Chavez EY, Ahlsen G, Katsamba PS, Neubert TA, Fitzpatrick AWP, Barasch J, Shapiro L. Structures of LRP2 reveal a molecular machine for endocytosis. Cell 2023; 186:821-836.e13. [PMID: 36750096 PMCID: PMC9993842 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein 2 (LRP2 or megalin) is representative of the phylogenetically conserved subfamily of giant LDL receptor-related proteins, which function in endocytosis and are implicated in diseases of the kidney and brain. Here, we report high-resolution cryoelectron microscopy structures of LRP2 isolated from mouse kidney, at extracellular and endosomal pH. The structures reveal LRP2 to be a molecular machine that adopts a conformation for ligand binding at the cell surface and for ligand shedding in the endosome. LRP2 forms a homodimer, the conformational transformation of which is governed by pH-sensitive sites at both homodimer and intra-protomer interfaces. A subset of LRP2 deleterious missense variants in humans appears to impair homodimer assembly. These observations lay the foundation for further understanding the function and mechanism of LDL receptors and implicate homodimerization as a conserved feature of the LRP receptor subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Beenken
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gabriele Cerutti
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Julia Brasch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Yicheng Guo
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zizhang Sheng
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hediye Erdjument-Bromage
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Zainab Aziz
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Estefania Y Chavez
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Goran Ahlsen
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Phinikoula S Katsamba
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Thomas A Neubert
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Anthony W P Fitzpatrick
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Jonathan Barasch
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia University George M. O'Brien Urology Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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23
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Alonso N, Zelzer S, Eibinger G, Herrmann M. Vitamin D Metabolites: Analytical Challenges and Clinical Relevance. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 112:158-177. [PMID: 35238975 PMCID: PMC8892115 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-00961-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent research activities have provided new insights in vitamin D metabolism in various conditions. Furthermore, substantial progress has been made in the analysis of vitamin D metabolites and related biomarkers, such as vitamin D binding protein. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) methods are capable of accurately measuring multiple vitamin D metabolites in parallel. Nevertheless, only 25(OH)D and the biologically active form 1,25(OH)2D are routinely measured in clinical practice. While 25(OH)D remains the analyte of choice for the diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency, 1,25(OH)2D is only recommended in a few conditions with a dysregulated D metabolism. 24,25(OH)2D, free and bioavailable 25(OH)D, and the vitamin D metabolite ratio (VMR) have shown promising results, but technical pitfalls in their quantification, limited clinical data and the lack of reference values, impede their use in clinical practice. LC-MS/MS is the preferred method for the measurement of all vitamin D related analytes as it offers high sensitivity and specificity. In particular, 25(OH)D and 24,25(OH)2D can accurately be measured with this technology. When interpreted together, they seem to provide a functional measure of vitamin D metabolism beyond the analysis of 25(OH)D alone. The determination of VDBP, free and bioavailable 25(OH)D is compromised by unresolved analytical issues, lacking reference intervals and insufficient clinical data. Therefore, future research activities should focus on analytical standardization and exploration of their clinical value. This review provides an overview on established and new vitamin D related biomarkers including their pathophysiological role, preanalytical and analytical aspects, expected values, indications and influencing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Alonso
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - S Zelzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - G Eibinger
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - M Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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24
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Viloria K, Nasteska D, Ast J, Hasib A, Cuozzo F, Heising S, Briant LJB, Hewison M, Hodson DJ. GC-Globulin/Vitamin D-Binding Protein Is Required for Pancreatic α-Cell Adaptation to Metabolic Stress. Diabetes 2023; 72:275-289. [PMID: 36445949 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
GC-globulin (GC), or vitamin D-binding protein, is a multifunctional protein involved in the transport of circulating vitamin 25(OH)D and fatty acids, as well as actin scavenging. In the pancreatic islets, the gene encoding GC, GC/Gc, is highly localized to glucagon-secreting α-cells. Despite this, the role of GC in α-cell function is poorly understood. We previously showed that GC is essential for α-cell morphology, electrical activity, and glucagon secretion. We now show that loss of GC exacerbates α-cell failure during metabolic stress. High-fat diet-fed GC-/- mice have basal hyperglucagonemia, which is associated with decreased α-cell size, impaired glucagon secretion and Ca2+ fluxes, and changes in glucose-dependent F-actin remodelling. Impairments in glucagon secretion can be rescued using exogenous GC to replenish α-cell GC levels, increase glucagon granule area, and restore the F-actin cytoskeleton. Lastly, GC levels decrease in α-cells of donors with type 2 diabetes, which is associated with changes in α-cell mass, morphology, and glucagon expression. Together, these data demonstrate an important role for GC in α-cell adaptation to metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Viloria
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Daniela Nasteska
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Julia Ast
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Annie Hasib
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Federica Cuozzo
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Silke Heising
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Linford J B Briant
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Martin Hewison
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, U.K
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, U.K
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
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25
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Herrmann M. Assessing vitamin D metabolism - four decades of experience. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:880-894. [PMID: 36639845 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
One hundred years ago, the role of vitamin D for bone mineralization and the prevention of rickets was discovered. Vitamin D comprises a group of over 50 metabolites with multiple functions that go far beyond calcium homeostasis and bone mineralization. Approximately 50 years ago, first methods for the measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in human blood were developed. Over the years, different analytical principals were employed including competitive protein binding assays, high-performance liquid chromatography, various immunoassay and mass spectrometric formats. Until the recent standardization of serum 25(OH)D measurement, agreement between methods was unsatisfactory. Since then, comparability has improved, but substantial variability between methods remains. With the advent of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), the accurate determination of 25(OH)D and other metabolites, such as 24,25(OH)2D, becomes increasingly accessible for clinical laboratories. Easy access to 25(OH)D testing has triggered extensive clinical research showing that large parts of the population are vitamin D deficient. The variable response of vitamin D deficient individuals to supplementation indicates that assessing patients' vitamin D stores by measuring 25(OH)D provides limited insight into the metabolic situation. Meanwhile, first evidence has emerged suggesting that the simultaneous measurement of 25(OH)D, 24,25(OH)2D and other metabolites allows a dynamic evaluation of patients' vitamin D status on metabolic principals. This may help to identify patients with functional vitamin D deficiency from those without. It can be expected that research into the assessment vitamin D status will continue for another 50 years and that this will help rationalizing our approach in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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26
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A combined role for low vitamin D and low albumin circulating levels as strong predictors of worse outcome in COVID-19 patients. Ir J Med Sci 2023; 192:423-430. [PMID: 35182287 PMCID: PMC8857533 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-022-02952-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to assess the combined role of vitamin D and albumin serum levels as predictors of COVID-19 disease progression. METHODS We conducted a prospective observational study on adult patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (March-September 2020). Vitamin D and albumin serum levels were measured on admission. These variables were categorized in albumin < 3.5 or ≥ 3.5 g/dL and vitamin D < 30 ng/mL or ≥ 30 ng/mL. We excluded patients with known bone diseases, renal failure, hypercalcemia and/or treated with antiepileptic drugs and steroids, and patients who received previous vitamin D supplementation. A composite outcome including any ventilatory support, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, and 60-day mortality was defined. RESULTS Sixty-nine patients were enrolled, of whom 50% received non-invasive (NIV) or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), 10% died, whereas 89% and 66% presented low albumin and low vitamin D serum levels, respectively. No correlation between vitamin D and albumin levels was found. In multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for sex and age-corrected comorbidities, patients having albumin < 3.5 g/dL and vitamin D < 30 ng/mL showed a significant increased risk for all study outcomes, namely NIV/IMV (OR 3.815; 95% CI 1.122-12.966; p = 0.032), NIV/IMV or death (OR 3.173; 95% CI 1.002-10.043; p = 0.049) and PaO2/FIO2 ≤ 100 (OR 3.410; 95% CI 1.138-10.219; p = 0.029). CONCLUSION The measurement of both vitamin D and serum albumin levels on COVID-19 patients' admission, and their combined evaluation, provides a simple prognostic tool that could be employed to guide prompt clinical decisions.
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27
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Wimalawansa S. Overcoming Infections Including COVID-19, by Maintaining Circulating 25(OH)D Concentrations Above 50 ng/mL. PATHOLOGY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.2147/plmi.s373617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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28
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Henn M, Martin-Gorgojo V, Martin-Moreno JM. Vitamin D in Cancer Prevention: Gaps in Current Knowledge and Room for Hope. Nutrients 2022; 14:4512. [PMID: 36364774 PMCID: PMC9657468 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Intensive epigenome and transcriptome analyses have unveiled numerous biological mechanisms, including the regulation of cell differentiation, proliferation, and induced apoptosis in neoplastic cells, as well as the modulation of the antineoplastic action of the immune system, which plausibly explains the observed population-based relationship between low vitamin D status and increased cancer risk. However, large randomized clinical trials involving cholecalciferol supplementation have so far failed to show the potential of such interventions in cancer prevention. In this article, we attempt to reconcile the supposed contradiction of these findings by undertaking a thorough review of the literature, including an assessment of the limitations in the design, conduct, and analysis of the studies conducted thus far. We examine the long-standing dilemma of whether the beneficial effects of vitamin D levels increase significantly above a critical threshold or if the conjecture is valid that an increase in available cholecalciferol translates directly into an increase in calcitriol activity. In addition, we try to shed light on the high interindividual epigenetic and transcriptomic variability in response to cholecalciferol supplementation. Moreover, we critically review the standards of interpretation of the available study results and propose criteria that could allow us to reach sound conclusions in this field. Finally, we advocate for options tailored to individual vitamin D needs, combined with a comprehensive intervention that favors prevention through a healthy environment and responsible health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Henn
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra-IdiSNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Victor Martin-Gorgojo
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose M. Martin-Moreno
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universitat de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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29
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Zhao B, Tu C, Shen S, Qu J, Morris ME. Identification of Potential Megalin/Cubilin Substrates Using Extensive Proteomics Quantification from Kidney Megalin-Knockdown Mice. AAPS J 2022; 24:109. [PMID: 36253507 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-022-00758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Megalin and cubilin, endocytic proteins present in the proximal tubule of the kidney, are responsible for reabsorbing filtered proteins from urine. Our hypothesis was that potential substrates of megalin/cubilin could be identified by examining urinary protein differences between control (WT) mice and kidney-specific megalin knockdown (KD) mice. Using the IonStar proteomics approach, 877 potential megalin/cubilin substrates were discovered, with 23 of these compounds representing known megalin/cubilin substrates. Some of the proteins with the largest fold changes in the urine between KD and WT included the known megalin substrates retinol-binding protein and vitamin D-binding protein. Of the total proteins identified as novel substrates, about three-quarters of compounds had molecular weights (MWs) below 69 kDa, the MW of albumin, and the remaining had higher MWs, with about 5% of the proteins having MWs greater than 150 kDa. Sex differences in the number of identified substrates occurred, but this may be due to differences in kidney megalin expression between both male and female megalin KD and WT animals, with the ratio of megalin between WT and KD being 2.76 and 2.14 for female and male mice, respectively. The top three ingenuity canonical pathways based on the urinary proteins in both female and male KD mice were acute phase response signaling, liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor activation, and intrinsic prothrombin activation pathways. In conclusion, analysis of urine samples from kidney-specific megalin KD and WT mice was found to be useful for the identification of potential endogenous substrates for megalin and cubilin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Chengjian Tu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8033, USA.,New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York, 14203, USA
| | - Shichen Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8033, USA.,New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York, 14203, USA
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8033, USA.,New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York, 14203, USA
| | - Marilyn E Morris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8033, USA.
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30
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Wang Z, Zeng Y, Jia H, Yang N, Liu M, Jiang M, Zheng Y. Bioconversion of vitamin D 3 to bioactive calcifediol and calcitriol as high-value compounds. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:109. [PMID: 36229827 PMCID: PMC9563128 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Biological catalysis is an important approach for the production of high-value-added compounds, especially for products with complex structures. Limited by the complex steps of chemical synthesis and low yields, the bioconversion of vitamin D3 (VD3) to calcifediol and calcitriol, which are natural steroid products with high added value and significantly higher biological activity compared to VD3, is probably the most promising strategy for calcifediol and calcitriol production, and can be used as an alternative method for chemical synthesis. The conversion efficiency of VD3 to calcifediol and calcitriol has continued to rise in the past few decades with the help of several different VD3 hydroxylases, mostly cytochrome P450s (CYPs), and newly isolated strains. The production of calcifediol and calcitriol can be systematically increased in different ways. Specific CYPs and steroid C25 dehydrogenase (S25DH), as VD3 hydroxylases, are capable of converting VD3 to calcifediol and calcitriol. Some isolated actinomycetes have also been exploited for fermentative production of calcifediol and calcitriol, although the VD3 hydroxylases of these strains have not been elucidated. With the rapid development of synthetic biology and enzyme engineering, quite a lot of advances in bioproduction of calcifediol and calcitriol has been achieved in recent years. Therefore, here we review the successful strategies of promoting VD3 hydroxylation and provide some perspective on how to further improve the bioconversion of VD3 to calcifediol and calcitriol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyi Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yan Zeng
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Hongmin Jia
- China Animal Husbandry Industry Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100095 China
| | - Niping Yang
- grid.256885.40000 0004 1791 4722School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusi Dong Road, Baoding, 071002 China
| | - Mengshuang Liu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Mingyue Jiang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yanning Zheng
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
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31
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Polesel M, Kaminska M, Haenni D, Bugarski M, Schuh C, Jankovic N, Kaech A, Mateos JM, Berquez M, Hall AM. Spatiotemporal organisation of protein processing in the kidney. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5732. [PMID: 36175561 PMCID: PMC9522658 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney regulates plasma protein levels by eliminating them from the circulation. Proteins filtered by glomeruli are endocytosed and degraded in the proximal tubule and defects in this process result in tubular proteinuria, an important clinical biomarker. However, the spatiotemporal organization of renal protein metabolism in vivo was previously unclear. Here, using functional probes and intravital microscopy, we track the fate of filtered proteins in real time in living mice, and map specialized processing to tubular structures with singular value decomposition analysis and three-dimensional electron microscopy. We reveal that degradation of proteins requires sequential, coordinated activity of distinct tubular sub-segments, each adapted to specific tasks. Moreover, we leverage this approach to pinpoint the nature of endo-lysosomal disorders in disease models, and show that compensatory uptake in later regions of the proximal tubule limits urinary protein loss. This means that measurement of proteinuria likely underestimates severity of endocytotic defects in patients. Polesel et al. visualize plasma protein filtration, uptake and metabolism in the kidneys of living mice in real-time. They reveal coordinated activity of different specialized tubular segments, with major compensatory adaptations occurring in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Kaminska
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Haenni
- Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Milica Bugarski
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claus Schuh
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nevena Jankovic
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andres Kaech
- Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jose M Mateos
- Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marine Berquez
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew M Hall
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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32
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Grimm E, van der Hoeven F, Sardella D, Willig KI, Engel U, Veits N, Engel R, Cavalcanti-Adam EA, Bestvater F, Bordoni L, Jennemann R, Schönig K, Schiessl IM, Sandhoff R. A Clathrin light chain A reporter mouse for in vivo imaging of endocytosis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273660. [PMID: 36149863 PMCID: PMC9506643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is one of the best studied cellular uptake pathways and its contributions to nutrient uptake, receptor signaling, and maintenance of the lipid membrane homeostasis have been already elucidated. Today, we still have a lack of understanding how the different components of this pathway cooperate dynamically in vivo. Therefore, we generated a reporter mouse model for CME by fusing eGFP endogenously in frame to clathrin light chain a (Clta) to track endocytosis in living mice. The fusion protein is expressed in all tissues, but in a cell specific manner, and can be visualized using fluorescence microscopy. Recruitment to nanobeads recorded by TIRF microscopy validated the functionality of the Clta-eGFP reporter. With this reporter model we were able to track the dynamics of Alexa594-BSA uptake in kidneys of anesthetized mice using intravital 2-photon microscopy. This reporter mouse model is not only a suitable and powerful tool to track CME in vivo in genetic or disease mouse models it can also help to shed light into the differential roles of the two clathrin light chain isoforms in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Grimm
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (EG); (RS)
| | | | - Donato Sardella
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Katrin I. Willig
- Optical Nanoscopy in Neuroscience, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Engel
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Nikon Imaging Center at Heidelberg University and Centre of Organismal Studies (COS), Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nisha Veits
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Engel
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Felix Bestvater
- Light Microscopy Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luca Bordoni
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Richard Jennemann
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Schönig
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (EG); (RS)
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33
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Zhang J, Wang Z, Zhang H, Li S, Li J, Liu H, Cheng Q. The role of lipocalin 2 in brain injury and recovery after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:930526. [PMID: 36187347 PMCID: PMC9520288 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.930526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke (including intracerebral hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage) is the dominating cause of disability and death worldwide. Neuroinflammation, blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, neuronal death are the main pathological progress, which eventually causes brain injury. Increasing evidence indicated that lipocalin 2 (LCN2), a 25k-Da acute phase protein from the lipocalin superfamily, significantly increased immediately after the stroke and played a vital role in these events. Meanwhile, there exists a close relationship between LCN2 levels and the worse clinical outcome of patients with stroke. Further research revealed that LCN2 elimination is associated with reduced immune infiltrates, infarct volume, brain edema, BBB leakage, neuronal death, and neurological deficits. However, some studies revealed that LCN2 might also act as a beneficial factor in ischemic stroke. Nevertheless, the specific mechanism of LCN2 and its primary receptors (24p3R and megalin) involving in brain injury remains unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the mechanism of LCN2 induced brain damage after stroke. This review focuses on the role of LCN2 and its receptors in brain injury and aiming to find out possible therapeutic targets to reduce brain damage following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Shuwang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Hongwei Liu,
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy Center for Glioma of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Cheng,
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34
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Megalin and Vitamin D Metabolism—Implications in Non-Renal Tissues and Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183690. [PMID: 36145066 PMCID: PMC9506339 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Megalin is an endocytic receptor abundantly expressed in proximal tubular epithelial cells and other calciotropic extrarenal cells expressing vitamin D metabolizing enzymes, such as bone and parathyroid cells. The receptor functions in the uptake of the vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) complexed to 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), facilitating the intracellular conversion of precursor 25(OH)D3 to the active 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3). The significance of renal megalin-mediated reabsorption of 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 has been well established experimentally, and other studies have demonstrated relevant roles of extrarenal megalin in regulating vitamin D homeostasis in mammary cells, fat, muscle, bone, and mesenchymal stem cells. Parathyroid gland megalin may regulate calcium signaling, suggesting intriguing possibilities for megalin-mediated cross-talk between calcium and vitamin D regulation in the parathyroid; however, parathyroid megalin functionality has not been assessed in the context of vitamin D. Within various models of chronic kidney disease (CKD), megalin expression appears to be downregulated; however, contradictory results have been observed between human and rodent models. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge of megalin function in the context of vitamin D metabolism, with an emphasis on extrarenal megalin, an area that clearly requires further investigation.
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35
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Youness RA, Dawoud A, ElTahtawy O, Farag MA. Fat-soluble vitamins: updated review of their role and orchestration in human nutrition throughout life cycle with sex differences. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:60. [PMID: 36064551 PMCID: PMC9446875 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Age and Gender are vital determinants for the micronutrient demands of normal indviduals. Among these micronutrients are vitamins that are required in small amounts for optimum metabolism, homeostasis, and a healthy lifestyle, acting as coenzymes in several biochemical reactions. The majority of previous studies have examined such issues that relates to a specific vitamin or life stage, with the majority merely reporting the effect of either excess or deficiency. Vitamins are classified into water-soluble and fat-soluble components. The fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins (A, D, E, and K). Fat-soluble vitamins were found to have an indisputable role in an array of physiological processes such as immune regulation, vision, bone and mental health. Nonetheless, the fat-soluble vitamins are now considered a prophylactic measurement for a multitude of diseases such as autism, rickets disease, gestational diabetes, and asthma. Herein, in this review, a deep insight into the orchestration of the four different fat-soluble vitamins requirements is presented for the first time across the human life cycle beginning from fertility, pregnancy, adulthood, and senility with an extensive assessment ofthe interactions among them and their underlying mechanistic actions. The influence of sex for each vitamin is also presented at each life stage to highlight the different daily requirements and effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana A Youness
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt. .,Biology and Biochemistry Department, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted By Global Academic Foundation, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Alyaa Dawoud
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar ElTahtawy
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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36
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Lütke-Dörhoff M, Schulz J, Westendarp H, Visscher C, Wilkens MR. Dietary supplementation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol as an alternative to cholecalciferol in swine diets: A review. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 106:1288-1305. [PMID: 36045590 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD3 ) formed via hepatic hydroxylation from vitamin D, cholecalciferol, represents the precursor of the biologically active vitamin D hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Due to a higher absorption rate and the omission of one hydroxylation, dietary supplementation of 25-OHD3 instead of vitamin D3 is considered to be more efficient as plasma concentrations of 25-OHD3 are increased more pronounced. The present review summarises studies investigating potential beneficial effects on mineral homeostasis, bone metabolism, health status and performance in sows, piglets and fattening pigs. Results are inconsistent. While most studies could not demonstrate any or only a slight impact of partial or total replacement of vitamin D3 by 25-OHD3 , some experiments indicated that 25-OHD3 might alter physiological processes when animals are challenged, for example, by a restricted mineral supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lütke-Dörhoff
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany.,Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Hochschule Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jochen Schulz
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Heiner Westendarp
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Hochschule Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Mirja R Wilkens
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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37
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Elsakka EGE, Mokhtar MM, Hegazy M, Ismail A, Doghish AS. Megalin, a multi-ligand endocytic receptor, and its participation in renal function and diseases: A review. Life Sci 2022; 308:120923. [PMID: 36049529 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The endocytosis mechanism is a complicated system that is essential for cell signaling and survival. Megalin, a membrane-associated endocytic receptor, and its related proteins such as cubilin, the neonatal Fc receptor for IgG, and NaPi-IIa are important in receptors-mediated endocytosis. Physiologically, megalin uptakes plasma vitamins and proteins from primary urine, preventing their loss. It also facilitates tubular retrieval of solutes and endogenous components that may be involved in modulation and recovery from kidney injuries. Moreover, megalin is responsible for endocytosis of xenobiotics and drugs in renal tubules, increasing their half-life and/or their toxicity. Fluctuations in megalin expression and/or functionality due to changes in its regulatory mechanisms are associated with some sort of kidney injury. Also, it's an important component of several pathological conditions, including diabetic nephropathy and Dent disease. Thus, exploring the fundamental role of megalin in the kidney might help in the protection and/or treatment of multiple kidney-related diseases. Hence, this review aimed to explore the physiological roles of megalin in the kidney and their implications for kidney-related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed G E Elsakka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Mohamed Mokhtar
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maghawry Hegazy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
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38
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Slominski AT, Brożyna AA, Kim TK, Elsayed MM, Janjetovic Z, Qayyum S, Slominski RM, Oak AS, Li C, Podgorska E, Li W, Jetten AM, Tuckey RC, Tang EK, Elmets C, Athar M. CYP11A1‑derived vitamin D hydroxyderivatives as candidates for therapy of basal and squamous cell carcinomas. Int J Oncol 2022; 61:96. [PMID: 35775377 PMCID: PMC9262157 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyderivatives of vitamin D3, including classical 1,25(OH)2D3 and novel CYP11A1‑derived hydroxyderivatives, exert their biological activity by acting as agonists on the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and inverse agonists on retinoid‑related orphan receptors (ROR)α and γ. The anticancer activities of CYP11A1‑derived hydroxyderivatives were tested using cell biology, tumor biology and molecular biology methods in human A431 and SCC13 squamous (SCC)‑ and murine ASZ001 basal (BCC)‑cell carcinomas, in comparison with classical 1,25(OH)2D3. Vitamin D3‑hydroxyderivatives with or without a C1α(OH) inhibited cell proliferation in a dose‑dependent manner. While all the compounds tested had similar effects on spheroid formation by A431 and SCC13 cells, those with a C1α(OH) group were more potent in inhibiting colony and spheroid formation in the BCC line. Potent anti‑tumorigenic activity against the BCC line was exerted by 1,25(OH)2D3, 1,20(OH)2D3, 1,20,23(OH)3D3, 1,20,24(OH)3D3, 1,20,25(OH)3D3 and 1,20,26(OH)3D3, with smaller effects seen for 25(OH)D3, 20(OH)D3 and 20,23(OH)2D3. 1,25(OH)2D3, 1,20(OH)2D3 and 20(OH)D3 inhibited the expression of GLI1 and β‑catenin in ASZ001 cells. In A431 cells, these compounds also decreased the expression of GLI1 and stimulated involucrin expression. VDR, RORγ, RORα and CYP27B1 were detected in A431, SCC13 and ASZ001 lines, however, with different expression patterns. Immunohistochemistry performed on human skin with SCC and BCC showed nuclear expression of all three of these receptors, as well as megalin (transmembrane receptor for vitamin D‑binding protein), the level of which was dependent on the type of cancer and antigen tested in comparison with normal epidermis. Classical and CYP11A1‑derived vitamin D3‑derivatives exhibited anticancer‑activities on skin cancer cell lines and inhibited GLI1 and β‑catenin signaling in a manner that was dependent on the position of hydroxyl groups. The observed expression of VDR, RORγ, RORα and megalin in human SCC and BCC suggested that they might provide targets for endogenously produced or exogenously applied vitamin D hydroxyderivatives and provide excellent candidates for anti‑cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35292, USA
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Anna A. Brożyna
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35292, USA
- Department of Human Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń 87-100, Poland
| | - Tae-Kang Kim
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35292, USA
| | - Mahmoud M. Elsayed
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35292, USA
| | - Zorica Janjetovic
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35292, USA
| | - Shariq Qayyum
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35292, USA
| | - Radomir M. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35292, USA
| | - Allen S.W. Oak
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35292, USA
| | - Changzhao Li
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35292, USA
| | - Ewa Podgorska
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35292, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Anton M. Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Robert C. Tuckey
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Edith K.Y. Tang
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Craig Elmets
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35292, USA
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35292, USA
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Hall DB, Vakkasoglu AS, Hales LM, Soliman TM. D-VITylation: Harnessing the biology of vitamin D to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of peptides and small proteins. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:122031. [PMID: 35863594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Peptides have great potential to be potent and specific therapeutics, yet their small size leads to rapid glomerular filtration, which severely limits therapeutic applications. Although conjugation of small proteins to large polymers typically results in longer residence times, these conjugates often have a significant loss of biological activity due to steric hindrance. Here, we improve the pharmacokinetics (PK) of peptide therapeutics by harnessing the biology of vitamin D. Attachment of a small vitamin D-based molecule (D-VITylation) protects the conjugated peptide or protein from renal clearance by virtue of reversible binding to the serum-circulating vitamin D binding protein (DBP), without compromising bioactivity. Varying the conjugation site on vitamin D affects the binding to DBP, with higher affinity corresponding to a longer plasma half-life. We also demonstrate the important contribution of the peptide to the overall PK, likely due to alternative clearance mechanisms such as protease degradation and receptor-mediated cellular uptake. With a Fab antibody fragment, for which these alternate clearance mechanisms are not significant, D-VITylation increases the half-life of elimination from 14 to 61 h in rats. The PK profile in minipigs and projected lifetime in humans suggest that D-VITylation is a viable strategy to achieve once-weekly dosing of peptide therapeutics in humans.
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Cave EM, Bhola S, Crowther NJ, Padoa CJ. The association of vitamin D binding protein levels and genotypes with type 1 diabetes in the black South African population. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:182. [PMID: 35843941 PMCID: PMC9290305 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency and the vitamin D pathway have previously been associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The majority of vitamin D is transported through the blood bound to the vitamin D binding protein (VDBP). Two polymorphisms in the VDBP gene (rs4588 and rs7041) result in different VDBP variants and have been associated with T1D, however the results are not consistent. The association of VDBP levels and its polymorphisms with T1D have not been investigated in the black South African population. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether rs4588, rs7041 or serum VDBP levels were associated with T1D in this population. METHODS Participants with type 1 diabetes and controls were recruited from the greater Johannesburg area, South Africa. Participants were genotyped for rs4588 and rs7041 using PCR-RFLP and serum VDBP levels were determined by ELISA. RESULTS There was no difference in VDBP allelic or genotypic frequencies between participants with T1D and controls (rs4588 C allele frequency 0.92 vs. 0.94; p = 0.390 and rs7041 T allele frequency 0.95 vs. 0.95; p = 0.890). In univariate analysis, the rs4588 CC genotype was associated with increased serum VDBP levels, however, this association was lost with multivariate analysis. The VDBP genotypes were not associated with any other study variables. In logistic regression analysis, higher VBDP levels were associated with T1D (OR: (95% CI): 6.58 (1.45-29.9); p = 0.015), and within a linear regression analysis, T1D disease status was found to be associated with 0.044 mg/ml higher VDBP levels (p = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that serum VDBP levels are positively associated with the presence of T1D in the African population. Whether VDBP lies in the causal pathway or its elevation is an effect of T1D is uncertain and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M Cave
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sureka Bhola
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nigel J Crowther
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Carolyn J Padoa
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Maghbooli Z, Ebrahimi Meimand S, Malek Hosseini AA, Shirvani A. Alterations in circulating levels of vitamin D binding protein, total and bioavailability of vitamin D in diabetic retinopathy patients. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:169. [PMID: 35778716 PMCID: PMC9250226 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the association between circulating levels of vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) and its genotypes and diabetic retinopathy risk. METHODS This case-control study recruited 154 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; 62 with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and 92 without DR and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and VDBP levels were measured in the patients. The genotype and phenotype of VDBP were evaluated based on two common VDBP variations; rs7041 and rs4588. RESULTS Serum levels of VDBP were significantly lower in patients with DR than in patients without DR and/or DN (Ln-VDBP (μg/ml): 6.14 ± 0.92 vs. 6.73 ± 1.45, p = 0.001) even after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, disease duration, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), HbA1C, insulin therapy profile, and serum levels of 25(OH)D. The distribution of VDBP phenotypes and genotypes in the two studied groups were nearly the same, and the distribution was similar to that of the general population. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found the association between lower circulating levels of VDBP and risk of DR. However, the precise mechanism linking these two remains unknown. Further and more in-depth research is needed to find out the underlying causes of the relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Maghbooli
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Ali-Asghar Malek Hosseini
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Shoemaker ME, Huynh LM, Smith CM, Mustad VA, Duarte MO, Cramer JT. Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D and Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infections and COVID-19. TOP CLIN NUTR 2022; 37:203-217. [PMID: 35761885 PMCID: PMC9222791 DOI: 10.1097/tin.0000000000000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about potential protective factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), referred to as COVID-19. Suboptimal vitamin D status is a risk factor for immune dysfunction, respiratory tract infections (RTIs), and viral infections. Supplementation of vitamin D (2000-4000 IU) has decreased incidence and complications from RTIs, respiratory distress syndrome, and pneumonia and may be beneficial in high-risk populations. Given the possible link between low vitamin D status and RTIs, such as COVID-19, this review examined whether vitamin D supplementation can be supported as a nutritional strategy for reducing risk of infection, complications, and mortality from COVID-19 and found that the relationship between vitamin D and RTIs warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marni E. Shoemaker
- College of Health Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso (Drs Shoemaker and Cramer); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (Ms Huynh); Departments of Kinesiology (Dr Smith) and Public Health Sciences (Dr Duarte), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso; and Nutrition Science Consulting, LLC, Galena, Ohio (Dr Mustad)
| | - Linda M. Huynh
- College of Health Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso (Drs Shoemaker and Cramer); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (Ms Huynh); Departments of Kinesiology (Dr Smith) and Public Health Sciences (Dr Duarte), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso; and Nutrition Science Consulting, LLC, Galena, Ohio (Dr Mustad)
| | - Cory M. Smith
- College of Health Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso (Drs Shoemaker and Cramer); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (Ms Huynh); Departments of Kinesiology (Dr Smith) and Public Health Sciences (Dr Duarte), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso; and Nutrition Science Consulting, LLC, Galena, Ohio (Dr Mustad)
| | - Vikkie A. Mustad
- College of Health Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso (Drs Shoemaker and Cramer); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (Ms Huynh); Departments of Kinesiology (Dr Smith) and Public Health Sciences (Dr Duarte), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso; and Nutrition Science Consulting, LLC, Galena, Ohio (Dr Mustad)
| | - Maria O. Duarte
- College of Health Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso (Drs Shoemaker and Cramer); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (Ms Huynh); Departments of Kinesiology (Dr Smith) and Public Health Sciences (Dr Duarte), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso; and Nutrition Science Consulting, LLC, Galena, Ohio (Dr Mustad)
| | - Joel T. Cramer
- College of Health Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso (Drs Shoemaker and Cramer); University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (Ms Huynh); Departments of Kinesiology (Dr Smith) and Public Health Sciences (Dr Duarte), The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso; and Nutrition Science Consulting, LLC, Galena, Ohio (Dr Mustad)
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Gao H, Tong J, Zhu BB, Chen Y, Ye AX, Huang K, Liang CM, Wu XY, Sheng J, Jin ZX, Zhu P, Hao JH, Tao FB. Lag associations of gestational phthalate exposure with maternal serum vitamin D levels: Repeated measure analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134319. [PMID: 35301992 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the relationships between gestational phthalate exposure and maternal circulating vitamin D. In the Ma'anshan birth cohort, 3265 pregnant women were included. Each woman provided up to three urine and serum samples for measurement of phthalates and 25(OH)D and calcium, respectively. Linear mixed models were performed to analyse the association between phthalate metabolites and 25(OH)D and calcium. Stratified analyses of the relationship between phthalates and 25(OH)D by urine collection season were conducted. Finally, the post hoc lag effect of phthalate exposure on 25(OH)D was determined if longitudinal associations were significant. Some phthalate metabolites were associated with increased 25(OH)D but with decreased calcium. Furthermore, the relationship of phthalate exposure with 25(OH)D varied with urine collection season. Phthalate metabolites collected in summer and autumn were associated with an increase in 25(OH)D, while monobenzyl phthalate collected in winter and spring was inversely associated with 25(OH)D. Finally, high-molecular-weight phthalates had lag associations with 25(OH)D with a 1-trimester lag period. Low-molecular-weight phthalates exhibited lag associations with 25(OH)D with a 2-trimester lag period. In conclusion, the positive cross-sectional correlation between phthalate metabolites and 25(OH)D was partly affected by urine collection season. This study suggested that gestational phthalate exposure would have a lag association with maternal 25(OH)D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Tong
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ao-Xing Ye
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Chun-Mei Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zhong-Xiu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jia-Hu Hao
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Influences of Vitamin D and Iron Status on Skeletal Muscle Health: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132717. [PMID: 35807896 PMCID: PMC9268405 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
There is conflicting evidence of the roles vitamin D and iron have in isolation and combined in relation to muscle health. The purpose of this narrative review was to examine the current literature on the roles that vitamin D and iron have on skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function and how these nutrients are associated with skeletal muscle health in specific populations. Secondary purposes include exploring if low vitamin D and iron status are interrelated with skeletal muscle health and chronic inflammation and reviewing the influence of animal-source foods rich in these nutrients on health and performance. PubMed, Scopus, SPORT Discus, EMBAE, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases were searched to determine eligible studies. There was a positive effect of vitamin D on muscle mass, particularly in older adults. There was a positive effect of iron on aerobic and anaerobic performance. Studies reported mixed results for both vitamin D and iron on muscle strength and function. While vitamin D and iron deficiency commonly occur in combination, few studies examined effects on skeletal muscle health and inflammation. Isolated nutrients such as iron and vitamin D may have positive outcomes; however, nutrients within food sources may be most effective in improving skeletal muscle health.
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Diaz-Riera E, García-Arguinzonis M, López L, Garcia-Moll X, Badimon L, Padró T. Vitamin D Binding Protein and Renal Injury in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:829490. [PMID: 35757319 PMCID: PMC9222131 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.829490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundRenal function in acute decompensated heart faiulre (ADHF) is a strong predictor of disease evolution and poor outcome. Current biomarkers for early diagnostic of renal injury in the setting of ADHF are still controversial, and their association to early pathological changes needs to be established. By applying a proteomic approach, we aimed to identify early changes in the differential urine protein signature associated with development of renal injury in patients hospitalised due to ADHF.Materials and MethodsPatients (71 [64–77] years old) admitted at the emergency room with ADHF and hospitalised were investigated (N = 64). Samples (urine/serum) were collected at hospital admission (day 0) and 72 h later (day 3). Differential serum proteome was analysed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight (MALDI-ToF/ToF). Validation studies were performed using ELISA.ResultsProteomic analysis depicted urinary vitamin D binding protein (uVDBP) as a two spots protein with increased intensity in ADHF and significant differences depending on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Urinary VDBP in patients with ADHF at hospitalisation was > threefold higher than in healthy subjects, with the highest levels in those patients with ADHF already presenting renal dysfunction. At day 3, urine VDBP levels in patients maintaining normal renal function dropped to normal values (P = 0.03 vs. day 0). In contrast, urine VDBP levels remained elevated in the group developing renal injury, with values twofold above the normal range (P < 0.05), while serum creatinine and GF levels were within the physiological range in this group. Urinary VDBP in ADHF positively correlated with markers of renal injury such as cystatin C and Kidney Injury Molecule 1 (KIM-1). By ROC analysis, urinary VDBP, when added to cystatin C and KIM-1, improved the prediction of renal injury in patients with ADHF.ConclusionWe showed increased urine VDBP in patients with ADHF at hospital admission and a differential uVDBP evolution pattern at early stage of renal dysfunction, before pathological worsening of GFR is evidenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Diaz-Riera
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, Research Institute–Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maisa García-Arguinzonis
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, Research Institute–Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura López
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Garcia-Moll
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, Research Institute–Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Chair, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Padró
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, Research Institute–Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Teresa Padró,
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Nguyen TD, Truong ME, Reiter JF. The Intimate Connection Between Lipids and Hedgehog Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:876815. [PMID: 35757007 PMCID: PMC9222137 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.876815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (HH) signaling is an intercellular communication pathway involved in directing the development and homeostasis of metazoans. HH signaling depends on lipids that covalently modify HH proteins and participate in signal transduction downstream. In many animals, the HH pathway requires the primary cilium, an organelle with a specialized protein and lipid composition. Here, we review the intimate connection between HH signaling and lipids. We highlight how lipids in the primary cilium can create a specialized microenvironment to facilitate signaling, and how HH and components of the HH signal transduction pathway use lipids to communicate between cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi D. Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Melissa E. Truong
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Jeremy F. Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Jeremy F. Reiter,
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Chen X, Chu C, Doebis C, Xiong Y, Cao Y, Krämer BK, von Baehr V, Hocher B. Vitamin D status and its association with parathyroid hormone in 23,134 outpatients. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 220:106101. [PMID: 35351538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In vitro studies indicate that 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) inhibits the synthesis of parathyroid hormone (PTH). The degree of PTH inhibition in humans by circulating 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D may be different. Moreover, age and sex as well as confounding factors like calcium and phosphate may likewise affect the relationship between vitamin D and PTH in humans. However, this was not done so far in adequately powered studies. We investigated the relationship between 25(OH)D as well as 1,25(OH)2D and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) in 23,134 outpatients (age mean: 59.81 years) from the Berlin-Brandenburg area of Germany with normal serum creatinine considering confounding factors like age, sex, calcium and phosphate. 25(OH)D and iPTH were inversely correlated (r = -0.17, p < 0.0001). The inverse linear correlation was observed over the entire spectrum of 25(OH)D concentrations - from low 25(OH)D concentrations to very high 25(OH)D concentrations. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that this correlation was independent of age, sex, creatinine, calcium and phosphate (unstandardized coefficients B: -0.16, p < 0.0001). However, 1,25(OH)2D was only positively associated with iPTH in women (r = 0.05, p = 0.033) and in the subgroup of patients with lower 25(OH)D (25(OH)D< 40 ng/ml) (r = 0.09, p < 0.0001), which was also presented in multiple linear regression analysis (unstandardized coefficients B: 0.20, p = 0.001). Circulating 1,25(OH)2D does not contribute substantially to the regulation of PTH in middle aged and vitamin D sufficient outpatients from the Berlin-Brandenburg area of Germany with normal kidney function. Presumably, serum 25(OH)D that is converted to 1,25(OH)2D after uptake in the parathyroid chief cells plays the critical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Nephrology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chang Chu
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Nephrology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Doebis
- Institute of Medical Diagnostics, IMD Berlin-Potsdam, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yingquan Xiong
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Nephrology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yaochen Cao
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Nephrology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard K Krämer
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker von Baehr
- Institute of Medical Diagnostics, IMD Berlin-Potsdam, Berlin, Germany
| | - Berthold Hocher
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Medical Diagnostics, IMD Berlin-Potsdam, Berlin, Germany; Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China; Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China.
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48
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Bennour I, Haroun N, Sicard F, Mounien L, Landrier JF. Vitamin D and Obesity/Adiposity—A Brief Overview of Recent Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102049. [PMID: 35631190 PMCID: PMC9143180 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Observational studies classically find an inverse relationship between human plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and obesity. However, interventional and genetic studies have failed to provide clear conclusions on the causal effect of vitamin D on obesity/adiposity. Likewise, vitamin D supplementation in obese rodents has mostly failed to improve obesity parameters, whereas several lines of evidence in rodents and prospective studies in humans point to a preventive effect of vitamin D supplementation on the onset of obesity. Recent studies investigating the impact of maternal vitamin D deficiency in women and in rodent models on adipose tissue biology programming in offspring further support a preventive metabolically driven effect of vitamin D sufficiency. The aim of this review is to summarize the state of the knowledge on the relationship between vitamin D and obesity/adiposity in humans and in rodents and the impact of maternal vitamin D deficiency on the metabolic trajectory of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imene Bennour
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 13000 Marseille, France; (I.B.); (N.H.); (F.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Nicole Haroun
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 13000 Marseille, France; (I.B.); (N.H.); (F.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Flavie Sicard
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 13000 Marseille, France; (I.B.); (N.H.); (F.S.); (L.M.)
- PhenoMARS Aix-Marseille Technology Platform, CriBiom, 13000 Marseille, France
| | - Lourdes Mounien
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 13000 Marseille, France; (I.B.); (N.H.); (F.S.); (L.M.)
- PhenoMARS Aix-Marseille Technology Platform, CriBiom, 13000 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-François Landrier
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, 13000 Marseille, France; (I.B.); (N.H.); (F.S.); (L.M.)
- PhenoMARS Aix-Marseille Technology Platform, CriBiom, 13000 Marseille, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-9129-4275
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49
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Aroca-Martínez G, Avendaño-Echavez L, Garcia C, Ripoll D, Dianda D, Cadena-Bonfanti A, Musso CG. Renal tubular dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. Ir J Med Sci 2022; 192:923-927. [PMID: 35426014 PMCID: PMC9010058 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-022-02993-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction SARS-CoV-2 infection can affect other organs aside from those of respiratory system, particularly the kidney, heart, blood, digestive tract, and nervous system. COVID-19 renal compromise consists of different syndromes since proteinuria, hematuria, and acute kidney injury (AKI), until chronic kidney disease. Since COVID-19-induced renal tubular damage has been described as a potential antecedent condition to AKI installation, it was decided to evaluate how COVID-19 affects tubular function. Materials and method Serum inflammatory parameters, urinalysis, and classical urinary indexes in COVID-19 admitted patients who had neither AKI nor chronic kidney disease (CKD) were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed by applying Student t test. Results Renal tubular function was evaluated in 41 COVID-19 admitted patients who had neither AKI nor CKD. Patients’ mean age was 56 years, males (79%), and with normal creatininemia (0.8 ± 0.2 mg/dL) and eGFR (105.7 ± 6.5 mL/min) values. It was found mild hypocalcemia and a relative increased fractional excretion (FE) of sodium, FE of calcium, FE of phosphorus, calcium-creatinine index, urinary osmolarity, and relative alkaline urine pH values. Conclusion Tubular dysfunction was documented in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Aroca-Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Simón, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Nephrology Department, Clínica de La Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | | | - Carlos Garcia
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Simón, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Daniela Ripoll
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Simón, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Daniela Dianda
- Nephrology Department, Clínica de La Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Andrés Cadena-Bonfanti
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Simón, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Nephrology Department, Clínica de La Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Carlos G Musso
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Simón, Barranquilla, Colombia.
- Research Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, 4265, C1199, Potosí, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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50
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Molitoris BA, Sandoval RM, Yadav SPS, Wagner MC. Albumin Uptake and Processing by the Proximal Tubule: Physiologic, Pathologic and Therapeutic Implications. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1625-1667. [PMID: 35378997 PMCID: PMC9255719 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00014.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For nearly 50 years the proximal tubule (PT) has been known to reabsorb, process, and either catabolize or transcytose albumin from the glomerular filtrate. Innovative techniques and approaches have provided insights into these processes. Several genetic diseases, nonselective PT cell defects, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and acute PT injury lead to significant albuminuria, reaching nephrotic range. Albumin is also known to stimulate PT injury cascades. Thus, the mechanisms of albumin reabsorption, catabolism, and transcytosis are being reexamined with the use of techniques that allow for novel molecular and cellular discoveries. Megalin, a scavenger receptor, cubilin, amnionless, and Dab2 form a nonselective multireceptor complex that mediates albumin binding and uptake and directs proteins for lysosomal degradation after endocytosis. Albumin transcytosis is mediated by a pH-dependent binding affinity to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in the endosomal compartments. This reclamation pathway rescues albumin from urinary losses and cellular catabolism, extending its serum half-life. Albumin that has been altered by oxidation, glycation, or carbamylation or because of other bound ligands that do not bind to FcRn traffics to the lysosome. This molecular sorting mechanism reclaims physiological albumin and eliminates potentially toxic albumin. The clinical importance of PT albumin metabolism has also increased as albumin is now being used to bind therapeutic agents to extend their half-life and minimize filtration and kidney injury. The purpose of this review is to update and integrate evolving information regarding the reabsorption and processing of albumin by proximal tubule cells including discussion of genetic disorders and therapeutic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A. Molitoris
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Dept.of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Ruben M. Sandoval
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Shiv Pratap S. Yadav
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Mark C. Wagner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
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