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Tang J, Huang X, Sun M, Liang W. DWARF TILLER1 regulates apical-basal pattern formation and proper orientation of rice embryos. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 196:309-322. [PMID: 38905146 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Body axis establishment is one of the earliest patterning events in plant embryogenesis. Asymmetric zygote division is critical for apical-basal axis formation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, how the orientation of the cell division plane is regulated and its relation to apical-basal axis establishment and proper position of embryos in grasses remain poorly understood. By characterizing mutants of 3 rice (Oryza sativa) WUSCHEL HOMEOBOX9 (WOX9) genes, whose paralogs in Arabidopsis play essential roles in zygotic asymmetric cell division and cell fate determination, we found 2 kinds of independent embryonic defects: topsy-turvy embryos, in which apical-basal axis twists from being parallel to the longitudinal axis of the seed to being perpendicular; and organ-less embryos. In contrast to their Arabidopsis orthologs, OsWOX9s displayed dynamic distribution during embryo development. Both DWT1/OsWOX9A and DWL2/WOX9C play major roles in the apical-basal axis formation and initiation of stem cells. In addition, DWT1 has a distinct function in regulating the first few embryonic cell divisions to ensure the correct orientation of the embryo in the ovary. In summary, DWT1 acts in 2 steps during rice embryo pattern formation: the initial zygotic division, and with DWL2 to establish the main body axes and stem cell fate 2 to 3 d after pollination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Tang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaorong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Mengxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wanqi Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Sci-Tech, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya 572024, China
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2
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Herrmann A, Sepuru KM, Endo H, Nakagawa A, Kusano S, Bai P, Ziadi A, Kato H, Sato A, Liu J, Shan L, Kimura S, Itami K, Uchida N, Hagihara S, Torii KU. Chemical genetics reveals cross-activation of plant developmental signaling by the immune peptide-receptor pathway. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.29.605519. [PMID: 39131359 PMCID: PMC11312451 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.29.605519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Cells sense and integrate multiple signals to coordinate development and defence. A receptor-kinase signaling pathway for plant stomatal development shares components with the immunity pathway. The mechanism ensuring their signal specificities remains unclear. Using chemical genetics, here we report the identification of a small molecule, kC9, that triggers excessive stomatal differentiation by inhibiting the canonical ERECTA receptor-kinase pathway. kC9 binds to and inhibits the downstream MAP kinase MPK6, perturbing its substrate interaction. Strikingly, activation of immune signaling by a bacterial flagellin peptide nullified kC9's effects on stomatal development. This cross-activation of stomatal development by immune signaling depends on the immune receptor FLS2 and occurs even in the absence of kC9 if the ERECTA-family receptor population becomes suboptimal. Furthermore, proliferating stomatal-lineage cells are vulnerable to the immune signal penetration. Our findings suggest that the signal specificity between development and immunity can be ensured by MAP Kinase homeostasis reflecting the availability of upstream receptors, thereby providing a novel view on signal specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvid Herrmann
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Krishna Mohan Sepuru
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Hitoshi Endo
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ayami Nakagawa
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kusano
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Pengfei Bai
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Asraa Ziadi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroe Kato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ayato Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Seisuke Kimura
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603–8555, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Uchida
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shinya Hagihara
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keiko U. Torii
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
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3
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Galindo-Trigo S, Khandare V, Roosjen M, Adams J, Wangler AM, Bayer M, Borst JW, Smakowska-Luzan E, Butenko MA. A multifaceted kinase axis regulates plant organ abscission through conserved signaling mechanisms. Curr Biol 2024; 34:3020-3030.e7. [PMID: 38917797 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Plants have evolved mechanisms to abscise organs as they develop or when exposed to unfavorable conditions.1 Uncontrolled abscission of petals, fruits, or leaves can impair agricultural productivity.2,3,4,5 Despite its importance for abscission progression, our understanding of the IDA signaling pathway and its regulation remains incomplete. IDA is secreted to the apoplast, where it is perceived by the receptors HAESA (HAE) and HAESA-LIKE2 (HSL2) and somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase (SERK) co-receptors.6,7,8,9 These plasma membrane receptors activate an intracellular cascade of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) by an unknown mechanism.10,11,12 Here, we characterize brassinosteroid signaling kinases (BSKs) as regulators of floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis. BSK1 localizes to the plasma membrane of abscission zone cells, where it interacts with HAESA receptors to regulate abscission. Furthermore, we demonstrate that YODA (YDA) has a leading role among other MAPKKKs in controlling abscission downstream of the HAESA/BSK complex. This kinase axis, comprising a leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase, a BSK, and an MAPKKK, is known to regulate stomatal patterning, early embryo development, and immunity.10,13,14,15,16 How specific cellular responses are obtained despite signaling through common effectors is not well understood. We show that the identified abscission-promoting allele of BSK1 also enhances receptor signaling in other BSK-mediated pathways, suggesting conservation of signaling mechanisms. Furthermore, we provide genetic evidence supporting independence of BSK1 function from its kinase activity in several developmental processes. Together, our findings suggest that BSK1 facilitates signaling between plasma membrane receptor kinases and MAPKKKs via conserved mechanisms across multiple facets of plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Galindo-Trigo
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Virendrasinh Khandare
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Biochemistry, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Roosjen
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Biochemistry, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Julian Adams
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN Sheffield, UK
| | - Alexa-Maria Wangler
- University of Tuebingen, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Bayer
- University of Tuebingen, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jan Willem Borst
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Biochemistry, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Elwira Smakowska-Luzan
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Biochemistry, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Melinka A Butenko
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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Zeng J, Duan M, Wang Y, Li G, You Y, Shi J, Liu C, Zhang J, Xu J, Zhang S, Zhao J. Sporophytic control of tapetal development and pollen fertility by a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:1500-1516. [PMID: 38751028 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Tapetum, the innermost layer of the anther wall, provides essential nutrients and materials for pollen development. Timely degradation of anther tapetal cells is a prerequisite for normal pollen development in flowering plants. Tapetal cells facilitate male gametogenesis by providing cellular contents after highly coordinated programmed cell death (PCD). Tapetal development is regulated by a transcriptional network. However, the signaling pathway(s) involved in this process are poorly understood. In this study, we report that a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade composed of OsYDA1/OsYDA2-OsMKK4-OsMPK6 plays an important role in tapetal development and male gametophyte fertility. Loss of function of this MAPK cascade leads to anther indehiscence, enlarged tapetum, and aborted pollen grains. Tapetal cells in osmkk4 and osmpk6 mutants exhibit an increased presence of lipid body-like structures within the cytoplasm, which is accompanied by a delayed occurrence of PCD. Expression of a constitutively active version of OsMPK6 (CA-OsMPK6) can rescue the pollen defects in osmkk4 mutants, confirming that OsMPK6 functions downstream of OsMKK4 in this pathway. Genetic crosses also demonstrated that the MAPK cascade sporophyticly regulates pollen development. Our study reveals a novel function of rice MAPK cascade in plant male reproductive biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Zeng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Manman Duan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guangtao Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yujing You
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Changhao Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, MO, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Matsumoto H, Ueda M. Polarity establishment in the plant zygote at a glance. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261809. [PMID: 38436556 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex structures of multicellular organisms originate from a unicellular zygote. In most angiosperms, including Arabidopsis thaliana, the zygote is distinctly polar and divides asymmetrically to produce an apical cell, which generates the aboveground part of the plant body, and a basal cell, which generates the root tip and extraembryonic suspensor. Thus, zygote polarity is pivotal for establishing the apical-basal axis running from the shoot apex to the root tip of the plant body. The molecular mechanisms and spatiotemporal dynamics behind zygote polarization remain elusive. However, advances in live-cell imaging of plant zygotes have recently made significant insights possible. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we summarize our understanding of the early steps in apical-basal axis formation in Arabidopsis, with a focus on de novo transcriptional activation after fertilization and the intracellular dynamics leading to the first asymmetric division of the zygote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Minako Ueda
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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Mestinšek Mubi Š, Kunej U, Vogrinčič V, Jakše J, Murovec J. The effect of phytosulfokine alpha on haploid embryogenesis and gene expression of Brassica napus microspore cultures. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1336519. [PMID: 38425801 PMCID: PMC10902448 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1336519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Microspore embryogenesis (ME) is the most powerful tool for creating homozygous lines in plant breeding and molecular biology research. It is still based mainly on the reprogramming of microspores by temperature, osmotic and/or nutrient stress. New compounds are being sought that could increase the efficiency of microspore embryogenesis or even induce the formation of haploid embryos from recalcitrant genotypes. Among these, the mitogenic factor phytosulfokine alpha (PSK-α) is promising due to its broad spectrum of activity in vivo and in vitro. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of PSK-α on haploid embryogenesis from microspores of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L., DH4079), one of the most important oil crops and a model plant for studying the molecular mechanisms controlling embryo formation. We tested different concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 µM) of the peptide and evaluated its effect on microspore viability and embryo regeneration after four weeks of culture. Our results showed a positive correlation between addition of PSK-α and cultured microspore viability and a positive effect also on the number of developed embryos. The analysis of transcriptomes across three time points (day 0, 2 and 4) with or without PSK-α supplementation (15 RNA libraries in total) unveiled differentially expressed genes pivotal in cell division, microspore embryogenesis, and subsequent regeneration. PCA grouped transcriptomes by RNA sampling time, with the first two principal components explaining 56.8% variability. On day 2 with PSK, 45 genes (15 up- and 30 down-regulated) were differentially expressed when PSK-α was added and their number increased to 304 by day 4 (30 up- and 274 down-regulated). PSK, PSKR, and PSI gene expression analysis revealed dynamic patterns, with PSK2 displaying the highest increase and overall expression during microspore culture at days 2 and 4. Despite some variations, only PSK1 showed significant differential expression upon PSK-α addition. Of 16 ME-related molecular markers, 3 and 15 exhibited significant differential expression in PSK-supplemented cultures at days 2 and 4, respectively. Embryo-specific markers predominantly expressed after 4 days of culture, with higher expression in medium without PSK, while on day 0, numerous sporophyte-specific markers were highly expressed.
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Mahmood T, He S, Abdullah M, Sajjad M, Jia Y, Ahmar S, Fu G, Chen B, Du X. Epigenetic insight into floral transition and seed development in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 339:111926. [PMID: 37984609 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal changes are crucial in shifting the developmental stages from the vegetative phase to the reproductive phase in plants, enabling them to flower under optimal conditions. Plants grown at different latitudes sense and interpret these seasonal variations, such as changes in day length (photoperiod) and exposure to cold winter temperatures (vernalization). These environmental factors influence the expression of various genes related to flowering. Plants have evolved to stimulate a rapid response to environmental conditions through genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Multiple epigenetic regulation systems have emerged in plants to interpret environmental signals. During the transition to the flowering phase, changes in gene expression are facilitated by chromatin remodeling and small RNAs interference, particularly in annual and perennial plants. Key flowering regulators, such as FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), interact with various factors and undergo chromatin remodeling in response to seasonal cues. The Polycomb silencing complex (PRC) controls the expression of flowering-related genes in photoperiodic flowering regulation. Under vernalization-dependent flowering, FLC acts as a potent flowering suppressor by downregulating the gene expression of various flower-promoting genes. Eventually, PRCs are critically involved in the regulation of FLC and FT locus interacting with several key genes in photoperiod and vernalization. Subsequently, PRCs also regulate Epigenetical events during gametogenesis and seed development as a driving force. Furthermore, DNA methylation in the context of CHG, CG, and CHH methylation plays a critical role in embryogenesis. DNA glycosylase DME (DEMETER) is responsible for demethylation during seed development. Thus, the review briefly discusses flowering regulation through light signaling, day length variation, temperature variation and seed development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Mahmood
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang (CAAS), Anyang 455000, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shoupu He
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang (CAAS), Anyang 455000, China
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang (CAAS), Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yinhua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang (CAAS), Anyang 455000, China
| | - Sunny Ahmar
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Guoyong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang (CAAS), Anyang 455000, China
| | - Baojun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang (CAAS), Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiongming Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang (CAAS), Anyang 455000, China.
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Wang W, Chen S, Zhong G, Gao C, Zhang Q, Tang D. MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE3 enhances disease resistance of edr1 mutants by phosphorylating MAPKKK5. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:578-591. [PMID: 37638889 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/MPK) cascades are key signaling modules that regulate plant immunity. ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE1 (EDR1) encodes a Raf-like MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK) that negatively regulates plant defense in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The enhanced resistance of edr1 requires MAPK KINASE4 (MKK4), MKK5, and MPK3. Although the edr1 mutant displays higher MPK3/6 activation, the mechanism by which plants increase MAPK cascade activation remains elusive. Our previous study showed that MAPKKK5 is phosphorylated at the Ser-90 residue in edr1 mutants. In this study, we demonstrated that the enhanced disease resistance of edr1 required MAPKKK5. Phospho-dead MAPKKK5S90A partially impaired the resistance of edr1, and the expression of phospho-mimetic MAPKKK5S90D in mapkkk5-2 resulted in enhanced resistance to the powdery mildew Golovinomyces cichoracearum strain UCSC1 and the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) strain DC3000. Thus, Ser-90 phosphorylation in MAPKKK5 appears to play a crucial role in disease resistance. However, MAPKKK5-triggered cell death was not suppressed by EDR1. Furthermore, activated MPK3 phosphorylated the N terminus of MAPKKK5, and Ser-90 was one of the phosphorylated sites. Ser-90 phosphorylation increased MAPKKK5 stability, and EDR1 might negatively regulate MAPK cascade activation by suppressing the MPK3-mediated feedback regulation of MAPKKK5. Taken together, these results indicate that MPK3 phosphorylates MAPKKK5 to enhance MAPK cascade activation and disease resistance in edr1 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shuling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Guitao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chenyang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dingzhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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9
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Hiromoto Y, Minamino N, Kikuchi S, Kimata Y, Matsumoto H, Nakagawa S, Ueda M, Higaki T. Comprehensive and quantitative analysis of intracellular structure polarization at the apical-basal axis in elongating Arabidopsis zygotes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22879. [PMID: 38129559 PMCID: PMC10739889 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive and quantitative evaluation of multiple intracellular structures or proteins is a promising approach to provide a deeper understanding of and new insights into cellular polarity. In this study, we developed an image analysis pipeline to obtain intensity profiles of fluorescent probes along the apical-basal axis in elongating Arabidopsis thaliana zygotes based on two-photon live-cell imaging data. This technique showed the intracellular distribution of actin filaments, mitochondria, microtubules, and vacuolar membranes along the apical-basal axis in elongating zygotes from the onset of cell elongation to just before asymmetric cell division. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the quantitative data on intracellular distribution revealed that the zygote may be compartmentalized into two parts, with a boundary located 43.6% from the cell tip, immediately after fertilization. To explore the biological significance of this compartmentalization, we examined the positions of the asymmetric cell divisions from the dataset used in this distribution analysis. We found that the cell division plane was reproducibly inserted 20.5% from the cell tip. This position corresponded well with the midpoint of the compartmentalized apical region, suggesting a potential relationship between the zygote compartmentalization, which begins with cell elongation, and the position of the asymmetric cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Hiromoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Naoki Minamino
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Suzuka Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kimata
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hikari Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Sakumi Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Minako Ueda
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
- Suntory Rising Stars Encouragement Program in Life Sciences (SunRiSE), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takumi Higaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, Japan.
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10
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Ohnishi Y, Kawashima T. Evidence of a novel silencing effect on transgenes in the Arabidopsis thaliana sperm cell. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:3926-3936. [PMID: 37602710 PMCID: PMC10615207 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
We encountered unexpected transgene silencing in Arabidopsis thaliana sperm cells; transgenes encoding proteins with no specific intracellular localization (cytoplasmic proteins) were silenced transcriptionally or posttranscriptionally. The mRNA of cytoplasmic protein transgenes tagged with a fluorescent protein gene was significantly reduced, resulting in undetectable fluorescent protein signals in the sperm cell. Silencing of the cytoplasmic protein transgenes in the sperm cell did not affect the expression of either its endogenous homologous genes or cotransformed transgenes encoding a protein with targeted intracellular localization. This transgene silencing in the sperm cell persisted in mutants of the major gene silencing machinery including DNA methylation. The incomprehensible, yet real, transgene silencing phenotypes occurring in the sperm cell could mislead the interpretation of experimental results in plant reproduction, and this Commentary calls attention to that risk and highlights details of this novel cytoplasmic protein transgene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinosuke Ohnishi
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503,USA
| | - Tomokazu Kawashima
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503,USA
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11
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Fung HF, Bergmann DC. Function follows form: How cell size is harnessed for developmental decisions. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151312. [PMID: 36989838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell size has profound effects on biological function, influencing a wide range of processes, including biosynthetic capacity, metabolism, and nutrient uptake. As a result, size is typically maintained within a narrow, population-specific range through size control mechanisms, which are an active area of study. While the physiological consequences of cell size are relatively well-characterized, less is known about its developmental consequences, and specifically its effects on developmental transitions. In this review, we compare systems where cell size is linked to developmental transitions, paying particular attention to examples from plants. We conclude by proposing that size can offer a simple readout of complex inputs, enabling flexible decisions during plant development.
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12
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Ishimoto K, Nosaka-Takahashi M, Kishi-Kaboshi M, Watanabe T, Abe K, Shimizu-Sato S, Takahashi H, Nakazono M, Hirochika H, Sato Y. Post-embryonic function of GLOBULAR EMBRYO 4 (GLE4)/OsMPK6 in rice development. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2023; 40:9-13. [PMID: 38213919 PMCID: PMC10777123 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.1117a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
In plants, mitogen activated protein kinases (MPKs) are involved in various signaling pathways that lead to biotic and abiotic responses as well as that regulate developmental processes. Among them, MPK6 and its closely related homologue, MPK3, act redundantly and are known to be involved in asymmetric cell divisions of meristemoid mother cells in stomata development and of zygotes in Arabidopsis. Loss-of-function mutants of GLE4/OsMPK6, which is an orthologue of MPK6 in rice, showed a defect in polarity establishment in early stage of embryogenesis. However, because of the embryo lethality of the mutations, the function of GLE4/OsMPK6 in post-embryonic development is not clarified. Here, we report the analysis of post embryonic function of GLE4/OsMPK6 in vegetative stage of rice using regenerated gle4/osmpk6 homozygous plants from tissue culture. The regenerated plants are dwarf and produce multiple shoots with small leaves. These shoots never develop into reproductive stage, instead, proliferate vegetative shoots repeatedly. Leaves of gle4/osmpk6 have small leaf blade at the tip and blade-sheath boundary become obscure. Stomata arrangement is also disturbed in gle4/osmpk6 leaf blade. The shape of shoot apical meristem of gle4/osmpk6 become disorganized. Thus, GLE4/OsMPK6 functions in shoot organization and stomata patterning in the post embryonic development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoe Ishimoto
- Department of Plant Production Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuko Kishi-Kaboshi
- Molecular Genetics Department, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Watanabe
- Molecular Genetics Department, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Abe
- Molecular Genetics Department, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Sae Shimizu-Sato
- National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Department of Plant Production Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mikio Nakazono
- Department of Plant Production Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Hirochika
- Molecular Genetics Department, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sato
- National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
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13
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Zhang Y, Xu T, Dong J. Asymmetric cell division in plant development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:343-370. [PMID: 36610013 PMCID: PMC9975081 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric cell division (ACD) is a fundamental process that generates new cell types during development in eukaryotic species. In plant development, post-embryonic organogenesis driven by ACD is universal and more important than in animals, in which organ pattern is preset during embryogenesis. Thus, plant development provides a powerful system to study molecular mechanisms underlying ACD. During the past decade, tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of the key components and mechanisms involved in this important process in plants. Here, we present an overview of how ACD is determined and regulated in multiple biological processes in plant development and compare their conservation and specificity among different model cell systems. We also summarize the molecular roles and mechanisms of the phytohormones in the regulation of plant ACD. Finally, we conclude with the overarching paradigms and principles that govern plant ACD and consider how new technologies can be exploited to fill the knowledge gaps and make new advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, and College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- The Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Correspondences: Yi Zhang (); Juan Dong (). Yi Zhang and Juan Dong are fully responsible for the distribution of all materials associated with this article
| | - Tongda Xu
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, and College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Juan Dong
- The Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08891, USA
- Correspondences: Yi Zhang (); Juan Dong (). Yi Zhang and Juan Dong are fully responsible for the distribution of all materials associated with this article
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14
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Alaniz-Fabián J, Orozco-Nieto A, Abreu-Goodger C, Gillmor CS. Hybridization alters maternal and paternal genome contributions to early plant embryogenesis. Development 2022; 149:281772. [PMID: 36314727 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
After fertilization, zygotic genome activation results in a transcriptionally competent embryo. Hybrid transcriptome experiments in Arabidopsis have concluded that the maternal and paternal genomes make equal contributions to zygotes and embryos, yet embryo defective (emb) mutants in the Columbia (Col) ecotype display early maternal effects. Here, we show that hybridization of Col with Landsberg erecta (Ler) or Cape Verde Islands (Cvi) ecotypes decreases the maternal effects of emb mutants. Reanalysis of Col/Ler and Col/Cvi transcriptomes confirmed equal parental contributions in Col/Cvi early embryos. By contrast, thousands of genes in Col/Ler zygotes and one-cell embryos were biallelic in one cross and monoallelic in the reciprocal cross, with analysis of intron reads pointing to active transcription as responsible for this parent-of-origin bias. Our analysis shows that, contrary to previous conclusions, the maternal and paternal genomes in Col/Ler zygotes are activated in an asymmetric manner. The decrease in maternal effects in hybrid embryos compared with those in isogenic Col along with differences in genome activation between Col/Cvi and Col/Ler suggest that neither of these hybrids accurately reflects the general trends of parent-of-origin regulation in Arabidopsis embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Alaniz-Fabián
- Langebio, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, CINVESTAV-IPN, Irapuato 36824, México
| | - Axel Orozco-Nieto
- Langebio, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, CINVESTAV-IPN, Irapuato 36824, México
| | - Cei Abreu-Goodger
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - C Stewart Gillmor
- Langebio, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, CINVESTAV-IPN, Irapuato 36824, México
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15
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Weng X, Zhu L, Yu S, Liu Y, Ru Y, Zhang Z, He Z, Zhou L, Chen X. Carbon monoxide promotes stomatal initiation by regulating the expression of two EPF genes in Arabidopsis cotyledons. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1029703. [PMID: 36438138 PMCID: PMC9691970 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1029703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The gaseous molecule carbon monoxide (CO) can freely pass through the cell membrane and participate in signal transduction in the cell to regulate physiological activities in plants. Here, we report that CO has a positive regulatory role in stomatal development. Exogenous CO donor CORM-2 [Tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer] treatment resulted in an increase of stomatal index (SI) on the abaxial epidermis of cotyledons in wild-type, which can be reversed by the addition of the CO biosynthesis inhibitor ZnPPIX [Protoporphyrin IX zinc (II)]. Consistent with this result, mutation of the CO biosynthesis gene HY1 resulted in a decrease of SI in hy1-100 plants, while overexpression of HY1 led to an increase of SI. Further investigation revealed that CO acts upstream of SPCH and YDA in the stomatal development pathway, since the loss of function mutants spch-1 and yda-2 were insensitive to CORM-2. The expression of EPF2 was inhibited by CORM-2 treatment in wild type and is lower in hy1 than in wild-type plants. In contrast, the expression of STOMAGEN was promoted by CORM-2 treatment and is higher in HY1-overexpression lines. Loss of function mutants of both epf2 and stomagen are insensitive to CORM-2 treatment. These results indicated that CO positively regulates stomatal initiation and distribution by modulating the expression of EPF2 and STOMAGEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjie Weng
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanyu Ru
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zijing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhaorong He
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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16
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Conserved signalling components coordinate epidermal patterning and cuticle deposition in barley. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6050. [PMID: 36229435 PMCID: PMC9561702 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Faced with terrestrial threats, land plants seal their aerial surfaces with a lipid-rich cuticle. To breathe, plants interrupt their cuticles with adjustable epidermal pores, called stomata, that regulate gas exchange, and develop other specialised epidermal cells such as defensive hairs. Mechanisms coordinating epidermal features remain poorly understood. Addressing this, we studied two loci whose allelic variation causes both cuticular wax-deficiency and misarranged stomata in barley, identifying the underlying genes, Cer-g/ HvYDA1, encoding a YODA-like (YDA) MAPKKK, and Cer-s/ HvBRX-Solo, encoding a single BREVIS-RADIX (BRX) domain protein. Both genes control cuticular integrity, the spacing and identity of epidermal cells, and barley's distinctive epicuticular wax blooms, as well as stomatal patterning in elevated CO2 conditions. Genetic analyses revealed epistatic and modifying relationships between HvYDA1 and HvBRX-Solo, intimating that their products participate in interacting pathway(s) linking epidermal patterning with cuticular properties in barley. This may represent a mechanism for coordinating multiple adaptive features of the land plant epidermis in a cultivated cereal.
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17
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Chen X, Xu X, Zhang S, Munir N, Zhu C, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Xuhan X, Lin Y, Lai Z. Genome-wide circular RNA profiling and competing endogenous RNA regulatory network analysis provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying early somatic embryogenesis in Dimocarpus longan Lour. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1876-1898. [PMID: 35313353 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are widely involved in plant growth and development. However, the function of circRNAs in plant somatic embryogenesis (SE) remains elusive. Here, by using high-throughput sequencing, a total of 5029 circRNAs were identified in the three stages of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) early SE. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that differentially expressed (DE) circRNA host genes were enriched in the 'non-homologous end-joining' (NHEJ) and 'butanoate metabolism' pathways. In addition, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content during longan early SE was determined. The results indicated that ROS-induced DNA double-strand breaks may not depend on the NHEJ repair pathway. Correlation analyses of the levels of related metabolites (glutamate, γ-aminobutyrate and pyruvate) and the expression levels of circRNAs and their host genes involved in butanoate metabolism were performed. The results suggested that circRNAs may act as regulators of the expression of cognate mRNAs, thereby affecting the accumulation of related compounds. A competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network of DE circRNAs, DE mRNAs, DE long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and DE microRNAs (miRNAs) was constructed. The results showed that the putative targets of the noncoding RNA (ncRNAs) were significantly enriched in the KEGG pathways 'mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling' and 'nitrogen metabolism'. Furthermore, the expression patterns of the candidate circRNAs, lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs confirmed the negative correlation between miRNAs and ceRNAs. In addition, two circRNA overexpression vectors were constructed to further verify the ceRNA network correlations in longan early SE. Our study revealed the potential role of circRNAs in longan early SE, providing new insights into the intricate regulatory mechanism underlying plant SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Chen
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou City, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou City, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou City, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Nigarish Munir
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou City, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou City, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou City, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yukun Chen
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou City, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xu Xuhan
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou City, Fujian 350002, China
- Institut de la Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Toulouse, IRIT-ARI, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Yuling Lin
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou City, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou City, Fujian 350002, China
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18
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Wang Y, Wu Y, Zhang H, Wang P, Xia Y. Arabidopsis MAPKK kinases YODA, MAPKKK3, and MAPKKK5 are functionally redundant in development and immunity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:206-210. [PMID: 35670747 PMCID: PMC9434298 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Three MAPK cascade components in Arabidopsis, YDA (MAPKKK4) and MAPKKK3/5, function redundantly in multiple developmental processes and immunity and regulate floral organ abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hailei Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Pengxi Wang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yiji Xia
- Authors for correspondence: (Y.W); (Y.X.)
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19
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Liu Y, Leary E, Saffaf O, Frank Baker R, Zhang S. Overlapping functions of YDA and MAPKKK3/MAPKKK5 upstream of MPK3/MPK6 in plant immunity and growth/development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1531-1542. [PMID: 35652263 PMCID: PMC9544710 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE3 (MAPK3 or MPK3) and MPK6 play important signaling roles in plant immunity and growth/development. MAPK KINASE4 (MKK4) and MKK5 function redundantly upstream of MPK3 and MPK6 in these processes. YODA (YDA), also known as MAPK KINASE KINASE4 (MAPKKK4), is upstream of MKK4/MKK5 and forms a complete MAPK cascade (YDA-MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6) in regulating plant growth and development. In plant immunity, MAPKKK3 and MAPKKK5 function redundantly upstream of the same MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 module. However, the residual activation of MPK3/MPK6 in the mapkkk3 mapkkk5 double mutant in response to flg22 pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) treatment suggests the presence of additional MAPKKK(s) in this MAPK cascade in signaling plant immunity. To investigate whether YDA is also involved in plant immunity, we attempted to generate mapkkk3 mapkkk5 yda triple mutants. However, it was not possible to recover one of the double mutant combinations (mapkkk5 yda) or the triple mutant (mapkkk3 mapkkk5 yda) due to a failure of embryogenesis. Using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) - CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) approach, we generated weak, N-terminal deletion alleles of YDA, yda-del, in a mapkkk3 mapkkk5 background. PAMP-triggered MPK3/MPK6 activation was further reduced in the mapkkk3 mapkkk5 yda-del mutant, and the triple mutant was more susceptible to pathogen infection, suggesting YDA also plays an important role in plant immune signaling. In addition, MAPKKK5 and, to a lesser extent, MAPKKK3 were found to contribute to gamete function and embryogenesis, together with YDA. While the double homozygous mapkkk3 yda mutant showed the same growth and development defects as the yda single mutant, mapkkk5 yda double mutant and mapkkk3 mapkkk5 yda triple mutants were embryo lethal, similar to the mpk3 mpk6 double mutants. These results demonstrate that YDA, MAPKKK3, and MAPKKK5 have overlapping functions upstream of the MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 module in both plant immunity and growth/development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Liu
- Division of BiochemistryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211USA
| | - Emma Leary
- Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211USA
| | - Obai Saffaf
- Division of BiochemistryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211USA
| | - R. Frank Baker
- Advanced Light Microscopy CoreUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211USA
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Division of BiochemistryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211USA
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20
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Nemati I, Sedghi M, Hosseini Salekdeh G, Tavakkol Afshari R, Naghavi MR, Gholizadeh S. DELAY OF GERMINATION 1 ( DOG1) regulates dormancy in dimorphic seeds of Xanthium strumarium. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:742-758. [PMID: 35569923 DOI: 10.1071/fp21315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy ensures plant survival but many mechanisms remain unclear. A high-throughput RNA-seq analysis investigated the mechanisms involved in the establishment of dormancy in dimorphic seeds of Xanthium strumarium (L.) developing in one single burr. Results showed that DOG1 , the main dormancy gene in Arabidopsis thaliana L., was over-represented in the dormant seed leading to the formation of two seeds with different cell wall properties. Less expression of DME /EMB1649 , UBP26 , EMF2, MOM, SNL2, and AGO4 in the non-dormant seed was observed, which function in the chromatin remodelling of dormancy-associated genes through DNA methylation. However, higher levels of ATXR7 /SDG25, ELF6 , and JMJ16/PKDM7D in the non-dormant seed that act at the level of histone demethylation and activate germination were found. Dramatically lower expression in the splicing factors SUA, PWI , and FY in non-dormant seed may indicate that variation in RNA splicing for ABA sensitivity and transcriptional elongation control of DOG1 is of importance for inducing seed dormancy. Seed size and germination may be influenced by respiratory factors, and alterations in ABA content and auxin distribution and responses. TOR (a serine/threonine-protein kinase) is likely at the centre of a regulatory hub controlling seed metabolism, maturation, and germination. Over-representation of the respiration-associated genes (ACO3 , PEPC3 , and D2HGDH ) was detected in non-dormant seed, suggesting differential energy supplies in the two seeds. Degradation of ABA biosynthesis and/or proper auxin signalling in the large seed may control germinability, and suppression of endoreduplication in the small seed may be a mechanism for cell differentiation and cell size determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Nemati
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sedghi
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; and Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Reza Tavakkol Afshari
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Somayeh Gholizadeh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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21
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Transcriptional regulation of plant innate immunity. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:607-620. [PMID: 35726519 PMCID: PMC9528082 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional reprogramming is an integral part of plant immunity. Tight regulation of the immune transcriptome is essential for a proper response of plants to different types of pathogens. Consequently, transcriptional regulators are proven targets of pathogens to enhance their virulence. The plant immune transcriptome is regulated by many different, interconnected mechanisms that can determine the rate at which genes are transcribed. These include intracellular calcium signaling, modulation of the redox state, post-translational modifications of transcriptional regulators, histone modifications, DNA methylation, modulation of RNA polymerases, alternative transcription inititation, the Mediator complex and regulation by non-coding RNAs. In addition, on their journey from transcription to translation, mRNAs are further modulated through mechanisms such as nuclear RNA retention, storage of mRNA in stress granules and P-bodies, and post-transcriptional gene silencing. In this review, we highlight the latest insights into these mechanisms. Furthermore, we discuss some emerging technologies that promise to greatly enhance our understanding of the regulation of the plant immune transcriptome in the future.
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22
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Park CH, Bi Y, Youn JH, Kim SH, Kim JG, Xu NY, Shrestha R, Burlingame AL, Xu SL, Mudgett MB, Kim SK, Kim TW, Wang ZY. Deconvoluting signals downstream of growth and immune receptor kinases by phosphocodes of the BSU1 family phosphatases. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:646-655. [PMID: 35697730 PMCID: PMC9663168 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Hundreds of leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RKs) have evolved to control diverse processes of growth, development and immunity in plants, but the mechanisms that link LRR-RKs to distinct cellular responses are not understood. Here we show that two LRR-RKs, the brassinosteroid hormone receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) and the flagellin receptor FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2), regulate downstream glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, respectively, through phosphocoding of the BRI1-SUPPRESSOR1 (BSU1) phosphatase. BSU1 was previously identified as a component that inactivates GSK3s in the BRI1 pathway. We surprisingly found that the loss of the BSU1 family phosphatases activates effector-triggered immunity and impairs flagellin-triggered MAP kinase activation and immunity. The flagellin-activated BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE 1 (BIK1) phosphorylates BSU1 at serine 251. Mutation of serine 251 reduces BSU1's ability to mediate flagellin-induced MAP kinase activation and immunity, but not its abilities to suppress effector-triggered immunity and interact with GSK3, which is enhanced through the phosphorylation of BSU1 at serine 764 upon brassinosteroid signalling. These results demonstrate that BSU1 plays an essential role in immunity and transduces brassinosteroid-BRI1 and flagellin-FLS2 signals using different phosphorylation sites. Our study illustrates that phosphocoding in shared downstream components provides signalling specificities for diverse plant receptor kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Ho Park
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yang Bi
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ji-Hyun Youn
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hee Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Gun Kim
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Y Xu
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ruben Shrestha
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shou-Ling Xu
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Seong-Ki Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Wuk Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Yi P, Goshima G. Division site determination during asymmetric cell division in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2120-2139. [PMID: 35201345 PMCID: PMC9134084 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
During development, both animals and plants exploit asymmetric cell division (ACD) to increase tissue complexity, a process that usually generates cells dissimilar in size, morphology, and fate. Plants lack the key regulators that control ACD in animals. Instead, plants have evolved two unique cytoskeletal structures to tackle this problem: the preprophase band (PPB) and phragmoplast. The assembly of the PPB and phragmoplast and their contributions to division plane orientation have been extensively studied. However, how the division plane is positioned off the cell center during asymmetric division is poorly understood. Over the past 20 years, emerging evidence points to a critical role for polarly localized membrane proteins in this process. Although many of these proteins are species- or cell type specific, and the molecular mechanism underlying division asymmetry is not fully understood, common features such as morphological changes in cells, cytoskeletal dynamics, and nuclear positioning have been observed. In this review, we provide updates on polarity establishment and nuclear positioning during ACD in plants. Together with previous findings about symmetrically dividing cells and the emerging roles of developmental cues, we aim to offer evolutionary insight into a common framework for asymmetric division-site determination and highlight directions for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gohta Goshima
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Toba 517-0004, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya Aichi 464-8602, Japan
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24
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Guo X, Ding X, Dong J. Dichotomy of the BSL phosphatase signaling spatially regulates MAPK components in stomatal fate determination. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2438. [PMID: 35508457 PMCID: PMC9068801 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
MAPK signaling modules play crucial roles in regulating numerous biological processes in all eukaryotic cells. How MAPK signaling specificity and strength are tightly controlled remains a major challenging question. In Arabidopsis stomatal development, the MAPKK Kinase YODA (YDA) functions at the cell periphery to inhibit stomatal production by activating MAPK 3 and 6 (MPK3/6) that directly phosphorylate stomatal fate-determining transcription factors for degradation in the nucleus. Recently, we demonstrated that BSL1, one of the four BSL protein phosphatases, localizes to the cell cortex to activate YDA, elevating MPK3/6 activity to suppress stomatal formation. Here, we showed that at the plasma membrane, all four members of BSL proteins contribute to the YDA activation. However, in the nucleus, specific BSL members (BSL2, BSL3, and BSU1) directly deactivate MPK6 to counteract the linear MAPK pathway, thereby promoting stomatal formation. Thus, the pivotal MAPK signaling in stomatal fate determination is spatially modulated by a signaling dichotomy of the BSL protein phosphatases in Arabidopsis, providing a prominent example of how MAPK activities are integrated and specified by signaling compartmentalization at the subcellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Guo
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Xue Ding
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Juan Dong
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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25
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Raissig MT, Woods DP. The wild grass Brachypodium distachyon as a developmental model system. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 147:33-71. [PMID: 35337454 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The arrival of cheap and high-throughput sequencing paired with efficient gene editing technologies allows us to use non-traditional model systems and mechanistically approach biological phenomena beyond what was conceivable just a decade ago. Venturing into different model systems enables us to explore for example clade-specific environmental responses to changing climates or the genetics and development of clade-specific organs, tissues and cell types. We-both early career researchers working with the wild grass model Brachypodium distachyon-want to use this review to (1) highlight why we think B. distachyon is a fantastic grass developmental model system, (2) summarize the tools and resources that have enabled discoveries made in B. distachyon, and (3) discuss a handful of developmental biology vignettes made possible by using B. distachyon as a model system. Finally, we want to conclude by (4) relating our personal stories with this emerging model system and (5) share what we think is important to consider before starting work with an emerging model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Raissig
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel P Woods
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States.
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26
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Aslam M, Huang X, Yan M, She Z, Lu X, Fakher B, Chen Y, Li G, Qin Y. TRM61 is essential for Arabidopsis embryo and endosperm development. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2022; 35:31-46. [PMID: 34406456 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-021-00428-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional modifications of tRNA molecules play crucial roles in gene expression and protein biosynthesis. Across the genera, methylation of tRNAs at N1 of adenosine 58 (A58) by AtTRM61/AtTRM6 complex plays a critical role in maintaining the stability of initiator methionyl-tRNA (tRNAiMet). Recently, it was shown that mutation in AtTRM61 or AtTRM6 leads to seed abortion. However, a detailed study about the AtTRM61/AtTRM6 function in plants remains vague. Here, we found that AtTRM61 has a conserved functional structure and possesses conserved binding motifs for cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet). Mutations of the complex subunits AtTRM61/AtTRM6 result in embryo and endosperm developmental defects. The endosperm and embryo developmental defects were conditionally complemented by Attrm61-1/ + FIS2pro::AtTRM61 and Attrm61-1/ + ABI3pro::AtTRM61 indicating that AtTRM61 is required for early embryo and endosperm development. Besides, the rescue of the fertility defects in trm61/ + by overexpression of initiator tRNA suggests that AtTRM61 mutation could diminish tRNAiMet stability. Moreover, using yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays, we showed that AtMPK4 physically interacts with AtTRM61. The data presented here suggest that AtTRM61 has a conserved structure and function in Arabidopsis. Also, AtTRM61 may be required for tRNAiMet stability, embryo and endosperm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aslam
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xiaoyi Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Maokai Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zeyuan She
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xiangyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Beenish Fakher
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yingzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Gang Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Yuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Mei J, Zhou P, Zeng Y, Sun B, Chen L, Ye D, Zhang X. MAP3Kε1/2 Interact with MOB1A/1B and Play Important Roles in Control of Pollen Germination through Crosstalk with JA Signaling in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052683. [PMID: 35269823 PMCID: PMC8910673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Restriction of pollen germination before the pollen grain is pollinated to stigma is essential for successful fertilization in angiosperms. However, the mechanisms underlying the process remain poorly understood. Here, we report functional characterization of the MAPKKK kinases, MAP3Kε1 and MAP3Kε2, involve in control of pollen germination in Arabidopsis. The two genes were expressed in different tissues with higher expression levels in the tricellular pollen grains. The map3kε1 map3kε2 double mutation caused abnormal callose accumulation, increasing level of JA and precocious pollen germination, resulting in significantly reduced seed set. Furthermore, the map3kε1 map3kε2 double mutations obviously upregulated the expression levels of genes in JA biosynthesis and signaling. The MAP3Kε1/2 interacted with MOB1A/1B which shared homology with the core components of Hippo singling pathway in yeast. The Arabidopsis mob1a mob1b mutant also exhibited a similar phenotype of precocious pollen germination to that in map3kε1 map3kε2 mutants. Taken together, these results suggested that the MAP3Kεs interacted with MOB1s and played important role in restriction of the precocious pollen germination, possibly through crosstalk with JA signaling and influencing callose accumulation in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.M.); (P.Z.); (Y.Z.); (B.S.); (L.C.); (D.Y.)
| | - Pengmin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.M.); (P.Z.); (Y.Z.); (B.S.); (L.C.); (D.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuejuan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.M.); (P.Z.); (Y.Z.); (B.S.); (L.C.); (D.Y.)
| | - Binyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.M.); (P.Z.); (Y.Z.); (B.S.); (L.C.); (D.Y.)
| | - Liqun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.M.); (P.Z.); (Y.Z.); (B.S.); (L.C.); (D.Y.)
| | - De Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.M.); (P.Z.); (Y.Z.); (B.S.); (L.C.); (D.Y.)
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.M.); (P.Z.); (Y.Z.); (B.S.); (L.C.); (D.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-6273-4837
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28
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Wang W, Xiong H, Sun K, Zhang B, Sun MX. New insights into cell-cell communications during seed development in flowering plants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:215-229. [PMID: 34473416 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of seeds is a major reason why flowering plants are a dominant life form on Earth. The developing seed is composed of two fertilization products, the embryo and endosperm, which are surrounded by a maternally derived seed coat. Accumulating evidence indicates that efficient communication among all three seed components is required to ensure coordinated seed development. Cell communication within plant seeds has drawn much attention in recent years. In this study, we review current knowledge of cross-talk among the endosperm, embryo, and seed coat during seed development, and highlight recent advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hanxian Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Kaiting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Meng-Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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29
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Ramalho JJ, Jones VAS, Mutte S, Weijers D. Pole position: How plant cells polarize along the axes. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:174-192. [PMID: 34338785 PMCID: PMC8774072 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Having a sense of direction is a fundamental cellular trait that can determine cell shape, division orientation, or function, and ultimately the formation of a functional, multicellular body. Cells acquire and integrate directional information by establishing discrete subcellular domains along an axis with distinct molecular profiles, a process known as cell polarization. Insight into the principles and mechanisms underlying cell polarity has been propelled by decades of extensive research mostly in yeast and animal models. Our understanding of cell polarity establishment in plants, which lack most of the regulatory molecules identified in other eukaryotes, is more limited, but significant progress has been made in recent years. In this review, we explore how plant cells coordinately establish stable polarity axes aligned with the organ axes, highlighting similarities in the molecular logic used to polarize both plant and animal cells. We propose a classification system for plant cell polarity events and nomenclature guidelines. Finally, we provide a deep phylogenetic analysis of polar proteins and discuss the evolution of polarity machineries in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sumanth Mutte
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6703WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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30
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Cui Y, Lu X, Gou X. Receptor-like protein kinases in plant reproduction: Current understanding and future perspectives. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100273. [PMID: 35059634 PMCID: PMC8760141 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Reproduction is a crucial process in the life span of flowering plants, and directly affects human basic requirements in agriculture, such as grain yield and quality. Typical receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) are a large family of membrane proteins sensing extracellular signals to regulate plant growth, development, and stress responses. In Arabidopsis thaliana and other plant species, RLK-mediated signaling pathways play essential roles in regulating the reproductive process by sensing different ligand signals. Molecular understanding of the reproductive process is vital from the perspective of controlling male and female fertility. Here, we summarize the roles of RLKs during plant reproduction at the genetic and molecular levels, including RLK-mediated floral organ development, ovule and anther development, and embryogenesis. In addition, the possible molecular regulatory patterns of those RLKs with unrevealed mechanisms during reproductive development are discussed. We also point out the thought-provoking questions raised by the research on these plant RLKs during reproduction for future investigation.
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31
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Alejo-Vinogradova MT, Ornelas-Ayala D, Vega-León R, Garay-Arroyo A, García-Ponce B, R Álvarez-Buylla E, Sanchez MDLP. Unraveling the role of epigenetic regulation in asymmetric cell division during plant development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:38-49. [PMID: 34518884 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric cell divisions are essential to generate different cellular lineages. In plants, asymmetric cell divisions regulate the correct formation of the embryo, stomatal cells, apical and root meristems, and lateral roots. Current knowledge of regulation of asymmetric cell divisions suggests that, in addition to the function of key transcription factor networks, epigenetic mechanisms play crucial roles. Therefore, we highlight the importance of epigenetic regulation and chromatin dynamics for integration of signals and specification of cells that undergo asymmetric cell divisions, as well as for cell maintenance and cell fate establishment of both progenitor and daughter cells. We also discuss the polarization and segregation of cell components to ensure correct epigenetic memory or resetting of epigenetic marks during asymmetric cell divisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Teresa Alejo-Vinogradova
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de plantas. Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria. UNAM, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Diego Ornelas-Ayala
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de plantas. Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria. UNAM, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Rosario Vega-León
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de plantas. Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria. UNAM, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Adriana Garay-Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de plantas. Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria. UNAM, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Berenice García-Ponce
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de plantas. Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria. UNAM, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Elena R Álvarez-Buylla
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de plantas. Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria. UNAM, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - María de la Paz Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de plantas. Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria. UNAM, México D.F. 04510, México
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Zhang H, Li X, Wang W, Li H, Cui Y, Zhu Y, Kui H, Yi J, Li J, Gou X. SERKs regulate embryonic cuticle integrity through the TWS1-GSO1/2 signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:313-328. [PMID: 34614228 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The embryonic cuticle integrity is critical for the embryo to separate from the neighboring endosperm. The sulfated TWISTED SEED1 (TWS1) peptide precursor generated in the embryo diffuses through gaps of the nascent cuticle to the surrounding endosperm, where it is cleaved by ABNORMAL LEAF SHAPE1 (ALE1) and becomes an active mature form. The active TWS1 is perceived by receptor-like protein kinases GASSHO1 (GSO1) and GSO2 in the embryonic epidermal cells to start the downstream signaling and guide the formation of an intact embryonic cuticle. However, the early signaling events after TWS1 is perceived by GSO1/2 are still unknown. Here, we report that serk1/2/3 embryos show cuticle defects similar to ale1, tws1, and gso1/2. Genetic and biochemical analyses were performed to dissect the signaling pathway mediated by SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASEs (SERKs) during cuticle development. SERKs function with GSO1/2 in a common pathway to monitor the integrity of the embryonic cuticle. SERKs interact with GSO1/2, which can be enhanced dramatically by TWS1. The phosphorylation levels of SERKs and GSO1/2 rely on each other and can respond to and be elevated by TWS1. Our results demonstrate that SERKs may function as coreceptors of GSO1/2 to transduce the TWS1 signal and ultimately regulate embryonic cuticle integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wenping Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huiqiang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yanwei Cui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yafen Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hong Kui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jia Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaoping Gou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Tsutsui H. Not Just a Storage Space-Vacuoles Determine the Position of the First Zygotic Division. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1221-1223. [PMID: 34529085 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tsutsui
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich 8008, Switzerland
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Matsumoto H, Kimata Y, Higaki T, Higashiyama T, Ueda M. Dynamic Rearrangement and Directional Migration of Tubular Vacuoles are Required for the Asymmetric Division of the Arabidopsis Zygote. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1280-1289. [PMID: 34077537 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In most flowering plants, the asymmetric cell division of zygotes is the initial step that establishes the apical-basal axis. In the Arabidopsis zygote, vacuolar accumulation at the basal cell end is crucial to ensure zygotic division asymmetry. Despite the importance, it was unclear whether this polar vacuolar distribution was achieved by predominant biogenesis at the basal region or by directional movement after biogenesis. Here, we found that apical and basal vacuolar contents are dynamically exchanged via a tubular vacuolar network and the vacuoles gradually migrate toward the basal end. The mutant of a vacuolar membrane protein, SHOOT GRAVITROPISM2 (SGR2), failed to form tubular vacuoles, and the mutant of a putative vacuolar fusion factor, VESICLE TRANSPORT THROUGH INTERACTION WITH T-SOLUBLE N-ETHYLMALEIMIDE-SENSITIVE FUSION PROTEIN ATTACHMENT PROTEIN RECEPTORS (SNARES) 11 (VTI11), could not flexibly rearrange the vacuolar network. Both mutants failed to exchange the apical and basal vacuolar contents and to polarly migrate the vacuoles, resulting in a more symmetric division of zygotes. Additionally, we observed that in contrast to sgr2, the zygotic defects of vti11 were rescued by the pharmacological depletion of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P), a distinct phospholipid in the vacuolar membrane. Thus, SGR2 and VTI11 have individual sites of action in zygotic vacuolar membrane processes. Further, a mutant of YODA (YDA) mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, a core component of the embryonic axis formation pathway, generated the proper vacuolar network; however, it failed to migrate the vacuoles toward the basal region, which suggests impaired directional cues. Overall, we conclude that SGR2- and VTI11-dependent vacuolar exchange and YDA-mediated directional migration are necessary to achieve polar vacuolar distribution in the zygote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kimata
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takumi Higaki
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Minako Ueda
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Suntory Rising Stars Encouragement Program in Life Sciences (SunRiSE)
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Independent parental contributions initiate zygote polarization in Arabidopsis thaliana. Curr Biol 2021; 31:4810-4816.e5. [PMID: 34496220 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Embryogenesis of flowering plants is initiated by polarization of the zygote, a prerequisite for correct axis formation in the embryo. The daughter cells of the asymmetric zygote division form the pro-embryo and the mostly extra-embryonic suspensor.1 The suspensor plays a pivotal role in nutrient and hormone transport and rapid growth of the embryo.2,3 Zygote polarization is controlled by a MITOGEN-ACTIVATING PROTEIN (MAP) kinase signaling pathway including the MAPKK kinase (MAP3K) YODA (YDA)4 and the upstream membrane-associated proteins BRASINOSTEROID SIGNALING KINASE 1 (BSK1) and BSK2.5,6 Furthermore, suspensor development is controlled by cysteine-rich peptides of the EMBRYO SURROUNDING FACTOR 1 (ESF1) family.7 While they act genetically upstream of YDA, the corresponding receptor to perceive these potential ligands is unknown. In other developmental processes, such as stomata development, YDA activity is controlled by receptor kinases of the ERECTA family (ERf).8-12 While the receptor kinases upstream of BSK1/2 in the embryo have so far not been identified,1 YDA is in part activated by the sperm cell-derived BSK family member SHORT SUSPENSOR (SSP) that represents a naturally occurring, constitutively active variant of BSK1.5,13 It has been speculated that SSP might be a paternal component of a parental tug-of-war controlling resource allocation toward the embryo.2,13 Here, we show that in addition to SSP, the receptor kinase ERECTA plays a crucial role in zygote polarization as a maternally contributed part of the embryonic YDA pathway. We conclude that two independent parental contributions initiate zygote polarization and control embryo development.
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Xiao W, Hu S, Zou X, Cai R, Liao R, Lin X, Yao R, Guo X. Lectin receptor-like kinase LecRK-VIII.2 is a missing link in MAPK signaling-mediated yield control. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:303-320. [PMID: 34618128 PMCID: PMC8418426 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The energy allocation for vegetative and reproductive growth is regulated by developmental signals and environmental cues, which subsequently affects seed output. However, the molecular mechanism underlying how plants coordinate yield-related traits to control yield in changing source-sink relationships remains largely unknown. Here, we discovered the lectin receptor-like kinase LecRK-VIII.2 as a specific receptor-like kinase that coordinates silique number, seed size, and seed number to determine seed yield in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The lecrk-VIII.2 mutants develop smaller seeds, but more siliques and seeds, leading to increased yield. In contrast, the plants overexpressing LecRK-VIII.2 form bigger seeds, but less siliques and seeds, which results in similar yield to that of wild-type plants. Interestingly, LecRK-VIII.2 promotes the growth of the rosette, root, and stem by coordinating the source-sink relationship. Additionally, LecRK-VIII.2 positively regulates cell expansion and proliferation in the seed coat, and maternally controls seed size. The genetic and biochemical analyses demonstrated that LecRK-VIII.2 acts upstream of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) gene MPK6 to regulate silique number, seed size, and seed number. Collectively, these findings uncover LecRK-VIII.2 as an upstream component of the MAPK signaling pathway to control yield-related traits and suggest its potential for crop improvement aimed at developing plants with stable yield, a robust root system, and improved lodging resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Xiao
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Shuai Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zou
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ruqiong Cai
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Rui Liao
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiaoxia Lin
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ruifeng Yao
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xinhong Guo
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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Plant CDKs-Driving the Cell Cycle through Climate Change. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091804. [PMID: 34579337 PMCID: PMC8468384 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In a growing population, producing enough food has become a challenge in the face of the dramatic increase in climate change. Plants, during their evolution as sessile organisms, developed countless mechanisms to better adapt to the environment and its fluctuations. One important way is through the plasticity of their body and their forms, which are modulated during plant growth by accurate control of cell divisions. A family of serine/threonine kinases called cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) is a key regulator of cell divisions by controlling cell cycle progression. In this review, we compile information on the primary response of plants in the regulation of the cell cycle in response to environmental stresses and show how the cell cycle proteins (mainly the cyclin-dependent kinases) involved in this regulation can act as components of environmental response signaling cascades, triggering adaptive responses to drive the cycle through climate fluctuations. Understanding the roles of CDKs and their regulators in the face of adversity may be crucial to meeting the challenge of increasing agricultural productivity in a new climate.
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Samakovli D, Tichá T, Vavrdová T, Závorková N, Pecinka A, Ovečka M, Šamaj J. HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 90 proteins and YODA regulate main body axis formation during early embryogenesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1526-1544. [PMID: 33856486 PMCID: PMC8260137 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The YODA (YDA) kinase pathway is intimately associated with the control of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) embryo development, but little is known regarding its regulators. Using genetic analysis, HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 90 (HSP90) proteins emerge as potent regulators of YDA in the process of embryo development and patterning. This study is focused on the characterization and quantification of early embryonal traits of single and double hsp90 and yda mutants. HSP90s genetic interactions with YDA affected the downstream signaling pathway to control the development of both basal and apical cell lineage of embryo. Our results demonstrate that the spatiotemporal expression of WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 8 (WOX8) and WOX2 is changed when function of HSP90s or YDA is impaired, suggesting their essential role in the cell fate determination and possible link to auxin signaling during early embryo development. Hence, HSP90s together with YDA signaling cascade affect transcriptional networks shaping the early embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Samakovli
- Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Tichá
- Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Vavrdová
- Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Natálie Závorková
- Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Pecinka
- Institute of Experimental Botany (IEB), Czech Acad Sci, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research (CRH), Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
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Kao P, Schon MA, Mosiolek M, Enugutti B, Nodine MD. Gene expression variation in Arabidopsis embryos at single-nucleus resolution. Development 2021; 148:dev199589. [PMID: 34142712 PMCID: PMC8276985 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Soon after fertilization of egg and sperm, plant genomes become transcriptionally activated and drive a series of coordinated cell divisions to form the basic body plan during embryogenesis. Early embryonic cells rapidly diversify from each other, and investigation of the corresponding gene expression dynamics can help elucidate underlying cellular differentiation programs. However, current plant embryonic transcriptome datasets either lack cell-specific information or have RNA contamination from surrounding non-embryonic tissues. We have coupled fluorescence-activated nuclei sorting together with single-nucleus mRNA-sequencing to construct a gene expression atlas of Arabidopsis thaliana early embryos at single-cell resolution. In addition to characterizing cell-specific transcriptomes, we found evidence that distinct epigenetic and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms operate across emerging embryonic cell types. These datasets and analyses, as well as the approach we devised, are expected to facilitate the discovery of molecular mechanisms underlying pattern formation in plant embryos. This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Kao
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Bio Center (VBC), Dr Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael A. Schon
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Bio Center (VBC), Dr Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Mosiolek
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Bio Center (VBC), Dr Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Balaji Enugutti
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Bio Center (VBC), Dr Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael D. Nodine
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Bio Center (VBC), Dr Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
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Song GQ, Han X. K-Domain Technology: Constitutive Expression of a Blueberry Keratin-Like Domain Mimics Expression of Multiple MADS-Box Genes in Enhancing Maize Grain Yield. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:664983. [PMID: 34025703 PMCID: PMC8137907 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.664983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
MADS-box genes are considered as the foundation of all agronomic traits because they play essential roles in almost every aspect of plant reproductive development. Keratin-like (K) domain is a conserved protein domain of tens of MIKC-type MADS-box genes in plants. K-domain technology constitutively expresses a K-domain to mimic expression of the K-domains of other MADS-box genes simultaneously and thus to generate new opportunities for yield enhancement, because the increased K-domains can likely prevent MADS-domain proteins from binding to target DNA. In this study, we evaluated utilizing the K-domain technology to increase maize yield. The K-domain of a blueberry's SUPPRESSOR of CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (VcSOC1K) has similarities to five MADS-box genes in maize. Transgenic maize plants expressing the VcSOC1K showed 13-100% of more grain per plant than the nontransgenic plants in all five experiments conducted under different experimental conditions. Transcriptome comparisons revealed 982 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the leaves from 83-day old plants, supporting that the K-domain technology were powerful and multiple functional. The results demonstrated that constitutive expression of the VcSOC1K was very effective to enhance maize grain production. With the potential of mimicking the K-domains of multiple MADS-box genes, the K-domain technology opens a new approach to increase crop yield.
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Xi X, Hu Z, Nie X, Meng M, Xu H, Li J. Cross Inhibition of MPK10 and WRKY10 Participating in the Growth of Endosperm in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:640346. [PMID: 33897728 PMCID: PMC8062763 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.640346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The product of double fertilization produces seed, which contains three components: triploid endosperm, diploid embryo, and maternal seed coat. Amongst them, the endosperm plays a crucial role in coordinating seed growth. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are conserved in eukaryotes and involved in signal transduction of plant development. MPK3, MPK6, and MPK10 form a small group of MPKs family in Arabidopsis thaliana. MPK3 and MPK6 are extensively studied and were found to be involved in diverse processes including plant reproduction. However, less is known about the function of MPK10. Here, we found WRKY10/MINI3, a member of HAIKU (IKU) pathway engaging in endosperm development, and MPK10 is high-specifically expressed in the early developmental endosperm but with opposite gradients. We further proved that MPK10 and WRKY10 cross-inhibit the expression of each other. The inhibition effect of MPK10 on gene expression of WRKY10 and the downstream targets is supported by the fact that MPK10 interacts with WRKY10 and suppresses the transcriptional activity of WRKY10. Constantly, mpk10 mutants produce big seeds while WRKY10/MINI3 positively regulate seed growth. Altogether, our data provides a model of WRKY10 and MPK10 regulating endosperm development with a unique cross inhibitory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Xi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengdao Hu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuerui Nie
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingming Meng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Herrmann A, Torii KU. Shouting out loud: signaling modules in the regulation of stomatal development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:765-780. [PMID: 33793896 PMCID: PMC8133662 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stomata are small pores on the surface of land plants that facilitate gas exchange for photosynthesis while minimizing water loss. The function of stomata is pivotal for plant growth and survival. Intensive research on the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has discovered key peptide signaling pathways, transcription factors, and polarity components that together drive proper stomatal development and patterning. In this review, we focus on recent findings that have revealed co-option of peptide-receptor kinase signaling modules-utilized for diverse developmental processes and immune response. We further discuss an emerging connection between extrinsic signaling and intrinsic polarity modules. These findings have further enlightened our understanding of this fascinating developmental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvid Herrmann
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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43
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Dai D, Ma Z, Song R. Maize endosperm development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:613-627. [PMID: 33448626 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in transcriptome analysis and gene characterization have provided valuable resources and information about the maize endosperm developmental program. The high temporal-resolution transcriptome analysis has yielded unprecedented access to information about the genetic control of seed development. Detailed spatial transcriptome analysis using laser-capture microdissection has revealed the expression patterns of specific populations of genes in the four major endosperm compartments: the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL), aleurone layer (AL), starchy endosperm (SE), and embryo-surrounding region (ESR). Although the overall picture of the transcriptional regulatory network of endosperm development remains fragmentary, there have been some exciting advances, such as the identification of OPAQUE11 (O11) as a central hub of the maize endosperm regulatory network connecting endosperm development, nutrient metabolism, and stress responses, and the discovery that the endosperm adjacent to scutellum (EAS) serves as a dynamic interface for endosperm-embryo crosstalk. In addition, several genes that function in BETL development, AL differentiation, and the endosperm cell cycle have been identified, such as ZmSWEET4c, Thk1, and Dek15, respectively. Here, we focus on current advances in understanding the molecular factors involved in BETL, AL, SE, ESR, and EAS development, including the specific transcriptional regulatory networks that function in each compartment during endosperm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Plant Science Center, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zeyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Rentao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Cai H, Huang Y, Chen F, Liu L, Chai M, Zhang M, Yan M, Aslam M, He Q, Qin Y. ERECTA signaling regulates plant immune responses via chromatin-mediated promotion of WRKY33 binding to target genes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:737-756. [PMID: 33454980 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The signaling pathway mediated by the receptor-like kinase ERECTA (ER) plays important roles in plant immune responses, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Genetic interactions between ER signaling and the chromatin remodeling complex SWR1 in the control of plant immune responses were studied. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and yeast one-hybrid analysis were applied to identify ER-WRKY33 downstream components. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses were further investigated. In this study, we show that the chromatin remodeling complex SWR1 enhances resistance to the white mold fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Arabidopsis thaliana via a process mediated by ER signaling. We identify a series of WRKY33 target YODA DOWNSTREAM (YDD) genes and demonstrate that SWR1 and ER signaling are required to enrich H2A.Z histone variant and H3K4me3 histone modification at YDDs and the binding of WRKY33 to YDD promoters upon S. sclerotiorum infection. We also reveal that the binding of WRKY33 to YDD promoters in turn promotes the enrichment of H2A.Z and H3K4me3 at YDD genes, thereby forming a positive regulatory loop to activate YDDs expression. Our study reveals how H2A.Z, H3K4me3 and ER signaling mutually regulate YDDs gene expression upon pathogen infection, highlighting the critical role of chromatin structure in ER-signaling-mediated plant immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyang Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Youmei Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Fangqian Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Liping Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Mengnan Chai
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Man Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Maokai Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Mohammad Aslam
- Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Qing He
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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Pandey S, Moradi AB, Dovzhenko O, Touraev A, Palme K, Welsch R. Molecular Control of Sporophyte-Gametophyte Ontogeny and Transition in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:789789. [PMID: 35095963 PMCID: PMC8793881 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.789789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Alternation of generations between a sporophytic and gametophytic developmental stage is a feature common to all land plants. This review will discuss the evolutionary origins of these two developmental programs from unicellular eukaryotic progenitors establishing the ability to switch between haploid and diploid states. We will compare the various genetic factors that regulate this switch and highlight the mechanisms which are involved in maintaining the separation of sporophytic and gametophytic developmental programs. While haploid and diploid stages were morphologically similar at early evolutionary stages, largely different gametophyte and sporophyte developments prevail in land plants and finally allowed the development of pollen as the male gametes with specialized structures providing desiccation tolerance and allowing long-distance dispersal. Moreover, plant gametes can be reprogrammed to execute the sporophytic development prior to the formation of the diploid stage achieved with the fusion of gametes and thus initially maintain the haploid stage. Upon diploidization, doubled haploids can be generated which accelerate modern plant breeding as homozygous plants are obtained within one generation. Thus, knowledge of the major signaling pathways governing this dual ontogeny in land plants is not only required for basic research but also for biotechnological applications to develop novel breeding methods accelerating trait development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Pandey
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Amir Bahram Moradi
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Dovzhenko
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- ScreenSYS GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alisher Touraev
- National Center for Knowledge and Innovation in Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Klaus Palme
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- ScreenSYS GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Center for Biological Signaling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Welsch
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ralf Welsch,
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Křenek P, Chubar E, Vadovič P, Ohnoutková L, Vlčko T, Bergougnoux V, Cápal P, Ovečka M, Šamaj J. CRISPR/Cas9-Induced Loss-of-Function Mutation in the Barley Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 6 Gene Causes Abnormal Embryo Development Leading to Severely Reduced Grain Germination and Seedling Shootless Phenotype. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:670302. [PMID: 34394137 PMCID: PMC8361755 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.670302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The diverse roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs, MPKs) in plant development could be efficiently revealed by reverse genetic studies. In Arabidopsis, mpk6 knockout mutants complete the life cycle; however, ~40% of their embryos show defects in the development leading to abnormal phenotypes of seeds and seedlings' roots. Contrary to the Arabidopsis MPK6, the rice MPK6 (OsMPK6) is an essential gene as transfer DNA (T-DNA) insertion and CRISPR/Cas9 induced loss-of-function mutations in the OsMPK6 cause early embryo arrest. In this study, we successfully developed a viable transgenic barley line with the CRISPR/Cas9-induced heterozygous single base pair cytosine-guanine (CG) deletion [wild type (WT)/-1C] in the third exon of the HvMPK6 gene, a barley ortholog of the Arabidopsis and rice MPK6. There were no obvious macroscopic phenotype differences between the WT/-1C plants and WT plants. All the grains collected from the WT/-1C plants were of similar size and appearance. However, seedling emergence percentage (SEP) from these grains was substantially decreased in the soil in the T2 and T3 generation. The mutation analysis of the 248 emerged T2 and T3 generation plants showed that none of them was a biallelic mutant in the HvMPK6 gene, suggesting lethality of the -1C/-1C homozygous knockout mutation. In the soil, the majority of the -1C/-1C grains did not germinate and the minority of them developed into abnormal seedlings with a shootless phenotype and a reduced root system. Some of the -1C/-1C seedlings also developed one or more small chlorotic leaf blade-like structure/structures. The -1C/-1C grains contained the late-stage developed abnormal embryos with the morphologically obvious scutellum and root part of the embryonic axis but with the missing or substantially reduced shoot part of the embryonic axis. The observed embryonic abnormalities correlated well with the shootless phenotype of the seedlings and suggested that the later-stage defect is predetermined already during the embryo development. In conclusion, our results indicate that barley MPK6 is essential for the embryologically predetermined shoot formation, but not for the most aspects of the embryo and early seedling development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Křenek
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Pavel Křenek
| | - Elizaveta Chubar
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Pavol Vadovič
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Ludmila Ohnoutková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Vlčko
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Véronique Bergougnoux
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Petr Cápal
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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Chen H, Miao Y, Wang K, Bayer M. Zygotic Embryogenesis in Flowering Plants. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2288:73-88. [PMID: 34270005 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1335-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
In the context of plant regeneration, in vitro systems to produce embryos are frequently used. In many of these protocols, nonzygotic embryos are initiated that will produce shoot-like structures but may lack a primary root. By increasing the auxin-to-cytokinin ratio in the growth medium, roots are then regenerated in a second step. Therefore, in vitro systems might not or only partially execute a similar developmental program as employed during zygotic embryogenesis. There are, however, in vitro systems that can remarkably mimic zygotic embryogenesis such as Brassica microspore-derived embryos. In this case, the patterning process of these haploid embryos closely follows zygotic embryogenesis and all fundamental tissue types are generated in a rather similar manner. In this review, we discuss the most fundamental molecular events during early zygotic embryogenesis and hope that this brief summary can serve as a reference for studying and developing in vitro embryogenesis systems in the context of doubled haploid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houming Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Yingjing Miao
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Bayer
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Markulin L, Škiljaica A, Tokić M, Jagić M, Vuk T, Bauer N, Leljak Levanić D. Taking the Wheel - de novo DNA Methylation as a Driving Force of Plant Embryonic Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:764999. [PMID: 34777448 PMCID: PMC8585777 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.764999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
During plant embryogenesis, regardless of whether it begins with a fertilized egg cell (zygotic embryogenesis) or an induced somatic cell (somatic embryogenesis), significant epigenetic reprogramming occurs with the purpose of parental or vegetative transcript silencing and establishment of a next-generation epigenetic patterning. To ensure genome stability of a developing embryo, large-scale transposon silencing occurs by an RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway, which introduces methylation patterns de novo and as such potentially serves as a global mechanism of transcription control during developmental transitions. RdDM is controlled by a two-armed mechanism based around the activity of two RNA polymerases. While PolIV produces siRNAs accompanied by protein complexes comprising the methylation machinery, PolV produces lncRNA which guides the methylation machinery toward specific genomic locations. Recently, RdDM has been proposed as a dominant methylation mechanism during gamete formation and early embryo development in Arabidopsis thaliana, overshadowing all other methylation mechanisms. Here, we bring an overview of current knowledge about different roles of DNA methylation with emphasis on RdDM during plant zygotic and somatic embryogenesis. Based on published chromatin immunoprecipitation data on PolV binding sites within the A. thaliana genome, we uncover groups of auxin metabolism, reproductive development and embryogenesis-related genes, and discuss possible roles of RdDM at the onset of early embryonic development via targeted methylation at sites involved in different embryogenesis-related developmental mechanisms.
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Banerjee G, Singh D, Sinha AK. Plant cell cycle regulators: Mitogen-activated protein kinase, a new regulating switch? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 301:110660. [PMID: 33218628 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell cycle is essential for the maintenance of genetic material and continuity of a species. Its regulation involves a complex interplay between multiple proteins with diverse molecular functions such as the kinases, transcription factors, proteases and phosphatases. Every step of this cycle requires a certain combination of these protein regulators which paves the way for the next stage. It is now evident that plants have their own unique features in the context of cell cycle regulation. Cell cycle in plants is not only necessary for maintenance of its physio-morphological parameter but it also regulates traits important for mankind like grain or fruit size. This makes it even more important to understand how plants regulate its cell cycle amidst various a/biotic stresses it is subjected to during its lifetime. The association of MAPK signaling pathways with every major developmental and stress response pathways in plants raises the question of its potential role in cell cycle regulation. There are number of cell cycle regulating proteins with putative sites for MAPK phosphorylation. The MAPK signaling pathway may directly or in a parallel pathway regulate the plant cell cycle. Unraveling the role of MAPK in cell cycle will open up new arenas to explore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Banerjee
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Dhanraj Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Alok Krishna Sinha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Lu X, Shi H, Ou Y, Cui Y, Chang J, Peng L, Gou X, He K, Li J. RGF1-RGI1, a Peptide-Receptor Complex, Regulates Arabidopsis Root Meristem Development via a MAPK Signaling Cascade. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:1594-1607. [PMID: 32916335 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Root growth is maintained by the continuous division of cells in the apical meristem. ROOT MERISTEM GROWTH FACTOR 1 (RGF1) is a critical peptide hormone regulating root stem cell niche maintenance. Previous studies discovered that five closely related leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinases (LRR-RLKs), named RGF1 INSENSITIVES (RGIs) or RGF1 RECEPTORS (RGFRs), are able to perceive the RGF1 signal and redundantly control root stem cell niche maintenance. RGF1 regulates root meristem activity mainly via two downstream transcription factors, PLETHORA 1 (PLT1) and PLT2. Regulatory proteins connecting cell surface RGF1-RGI1 and nuclear PLTs, however, were not identified. Here, we report that the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase 4 (MKK4) and MAP kinase 3 (MPK3) were co-immunoprecipitated with RGI1-FLAG after Arabidopsis seedlings were treated with RGF1. Genetic and biochemical assays confirmed that MKK4 and MKK5, and their downstream targets MPK3 and MPK6, are essential RGI-dependent regulators of root meristem development. In addition, we found that the MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 module functions downstream of YDA, a MAPKKK. Our results demonstrate that RGF1-RGI1 regulate the expression of PLT1/PLT2 via a YDA-MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hongyong Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yang Ou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yanwei Cui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jinke Chang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoping Gou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Kai He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jia Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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