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Dirican CD, Nelson PS. Y Chromosome Loss and Implications for Oncology. Mol Cancer Res 2024; 22:603-612. [PMID: 38647375 PMCID: PMC11217729 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-24-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The Y chromosome has recognized functions in promoting male sex determination and regulating aspects of fertility. However, recent work has demonstrated important roles for the Y chromosome and Y-encoded genes in multiple domains of male health, including cancer. It is well established that males experience shorter lifespans than females, and this sex bias on overall mortality is accentuated in populations with longer life expectancy, in part related to elevated rates of cancer. The majority of human malignancies exhibit a sex bias with elevated frequencies in males. For many of these cancer types, the disparity has not been explained by environmental risk factors such as tobacco use. Notably, loss of the Y chromosome (LOY) detected in blood cells, termed mosaic LOY, is a common event that is related to advancing age and is associated with a shortened lifespan. Mosaic LOY is linked to increased incidence and mortality across a range of malignancies. Furthermore, tumors arising in different anatomic sites exhibit different frequencies of partial or complete Y chromosome loss. Causal oncogenic or tumor-suppressive roles have been documented for several Y-encoded genes, such as lysine-specific demethylase 5 D, that exert pleiotropic effects on cellular functions by virtue of genome-wide regulation of gene activity. In this review, we discuss aspects of the Y chromosome relevant to oncology. The recent completion of the entire human Y-chromosome sequence provides a reference map of Y-encoded genes and regulatory elements to enable causal molecular studies that may explain and exploit the marked disparity in male cancer risk and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan D. Dirican
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington.
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2
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Abughazaleh S, Obeidat O, Tarawneh M, Qadadeh Z, Alsakarneh S. Trends of hypertensive heart disease prevalence and mortality in the United States between the period 1990-2019, Global burden of disease database. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102621. [PMID: 38718934 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension presents a substantial cardiovascular risk, with poorly managed cases increasing the likelihood of hypertensive heart disease (HHD). This study examines individual-level trends and burdens of HHD in the US from 1990 to 2019, using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database. In 2019, HHD prevalence in the US reached 1,487,975 cases, with stable changes observed since 1990. Sex stratification reveals a notable increase in prevalence among females (AAPC 0.3, 95 % CI: 0.2 to 0.4), while males showed relative constancy (AAPC 0.0, 95 % CI: -0.1 to 0.1). Mortality rates totaled 51,253 cases in 2019, significantly higher than in 1990, particularly among males (AAPC 1.0, 95 % CI: 0.8 to 1.3). Younger adults experienced a surge in HHD-related mortality compared to older adults (AAPC 2.6 versus 2.0). These findings highlight the need for tailored healthcare strategies to address sex and age-specific disparities in managing HHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Abughazaleh
- St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, A Boston University Teaching Hospital, Brighton, MA, USA.
| | - Omar Obeidat
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Graduate Medical Education, Orlando, FL, USA; HCA Florida, North Florida Hospital, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mohammad Tarawneh
- St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, A Boston University Teaching Hospital, Brighton, MA, USA
| | - Ziad Qadadeh
- St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, A Boston University Teaching Hospital, Brighton, MA, USA
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3
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Huang X, Wen S, Huang Y, Huang Z. Gender differences in the association between changes in the atherogenic index of plasma and cardiometabolic diseases: a cohort study. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:135. [PMID: 38715126 PMCID: PMC11075304 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02117-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between changes in Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) and cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) in middle-aged and elderly individuals remains unclear. This study aims to explore the association between changes in AIP and CMD. METHODS This study included 3,791 individuals aged over 45 years from CHARLS. Participants were divided into four groups using the K-Means clustering method. Cumulative AIP was used as a quantitative indicator reflecting changes in AIP. Differences in baseline data and CMD incidence rates among these four groups were compared. Multifactorial logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between changes in AIP and CMD, and subgroup analysis and interaction tests were conducted to evaluate potential relationships between changes in AIP and CMD across different subgroups. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to assess the dose-response relationship between cumulative AIP and CMD. RESULTS Changes in AIP were independently and positively associated with CMD. In males, the risk significantly increased in class4 compared to class1 (OR 1.75, 95%CI 1.12-2.73). In females, changes in AIP were not significantly associated with CMD. Cumulative AIP was positively correlated with CMD (OR 1.15, 95%CI 1.01-1.30), with significant gender differences in males (OR 1.29, 95%CI 1.07-1.55) and females (OR 1.03, 95%CI 0.87-1.23) (p for interaction = 0.042). In addition, a linear relationship was observed between cumulative AIP and CMD in male. CONCLUSION Substantial changes in AIP may increase the risk of CMD in middle-aged and elderly Chinese males. Dynamic monitoring of AIP is of significant importance for the prevention and treatment of CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541000, Guangxi, China
| | - Song Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Hypertension Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Zehan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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González-Fernández M, Vázquez-Coto D, Albaiceta GM, Amado-Rodríguez L, Clemente MG, Velázquez-Cuervo L, García-Lago C, Gómez J, Coto E. Chromosome-Y haplogroups in Asturias (Northern Spain) and their association with severe COVID-19. Mol Genet Genomics 2024; 299:49. [PMID: 38704518 PMCID: PMC11069473 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-024-02143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to determine whether the common Y-haplogroups were be associated with the risk of developing severe COVID-19 in Spanish male. We studied 479 patients who required hospitalization due to COVID-19 and 285 population controls from the region of Asturias (northern Spain), They were genotyped for several polymorphisms that define the common European Y-haplogroups. We compared the frequencies between patients and controls aged ≤ 65 and >65 years. There were no different haplogroup frequencies between the two age groups of controls. Haplogroup R1b was less common in patients aged ≤65 years. Haplogroup I was more common in the two patient´s groups compared to controls (p = 0.02). Haplogroup R1b was significantly more frequent among hypertensive patients, without difference between the hypertensive and normotensive controls. This suggested that R1b could increase the risk for severe COVID-19 among male with pre-existing hypertension. In conclusion, we described the Y-haplogroup structure among Asturians. We found an increased risk of severe COVID-19 among haplogroup I carriers, and a significantly higher frequency of R1b among hypertensive patients. These results indicate that Y-chromosome variants could serve as markers to define the risk of developing a severe form of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Vázquez-Coto
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Guillermo M Albaiceta
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Amado-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marta G Clemente
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
- Neumología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Claudia García-Lago
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Gómez
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eliecer Coto
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain.
- Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
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5
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Liu DS, Wang XS, Zhong XH, Cao H, Zhang F. Sexual dimorphism in the gut microbiota and sexual dimorphism in chronic diseases: Association or causation? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 237:106451. [PMID: 38154505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the sexual dimorphism in diseases is essential to investigate the pathogenesis of some chronic diseases (e.g., autoimmune diseases, etc). The gut microbiota has been found to show a notable impact on the pathology of several chronic diseases in recent years. Intriguingly, the composition of the gut microbiota varies between sexes. Here, we reviewed 'facts and fiction' regarding sexual dimorphism in chronic diseases and sexual dimorphism in the gut microbiota respectively. The association and causative relationship between them aiming to elucidate the pathological mechanisms of sexual dimorphism in chronic diseases were further explored. The development of gender-special food products based on the sexual dimorphism in the gut microbiota were recommended, which would be beneficial to facilitating the personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Song Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xue-Song Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; Nantong University, Nantong, China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhong
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; Nantong University, Nantong, China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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Alinaghi S, Mohseni M, Fattahi Z, Beheshtian M, Ghodratpour F, Zare Ashrafi F, Arzhangi S, Jalalvand K, Najafipour R, Khorram Khorshid HR, Kahrizi K, Najmabadi H. Genetic Analysis of 27 Y-STR Haplotypes in 11 Iranian Ethnic Groups. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2024; 27:79-88. [PMID: 38619031 PMCID: PMC11017261 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2024.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of Y-chromosomal variations provides valuable insights into male susceptibility in certain diseases like cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this study, we analyzed paternal lineage in different Iranian ethnic groups, not only to identify developing medical etiology, but also to pave the way for gender-specific targeted strategies and personalized medicine in medical genetic research studies. METHODS The diversity of eleven Iranian ethnic groups was studied using 27 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (Y-STR) haplotypes from Y-filer® Plus kit. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) based on pair-wise RST along with multidimensional scaling (MDS) calculation and Network phylogenic analysis was employed to quantify the differences between 503 unrelated individuals from each ethnicity. RESULTS Results from AMOVA calculation confirmed that Gilaks and Azeris showed the largest genetic distance (RST=0.35434); however, Sistanis and Lurs had the smallest considerable genetic distance (RST=0.00483) compared to other ethnicities. Although Azeris had a considerable distance from other ethnicities, they were still close to Turkmens. MDS analysis of ethnic groups gave the indication of lack of similarity between different ethnicities. Besides, network phylogenic analysis demonstrated insignificant clustering between samples. CONCLUSION The AMOVA analysis results explain that the close distance of Azeris and Turkmens may be the effect of male-dominant expansions across Central Asia that contributed to historical and demographics of populations in the region. Insignificant differences in network analysis could be the consequence of high mutation events that happened in the Y-STR regions over the years. Considering the ethnic group affiliations in medical research, our results provided an understanding and characterization of Iranian male population for future medical and population genetics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Alinaghi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mohseni
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Fattahi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Beheshtian
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghodratpour
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzane Zare Ashrafi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Arzhangi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Jalalvand
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Najafipour
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kimia Kahrizi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Thiago Faé M, Vier Gambetta M, Ramos N, Cristiane Lopes S, Oliveira Fischer Bacca C. Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases during medical academic training. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 2023; 13:252-263. [PMID: 37736354 PMCID: PMC10509451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Previous studies disagree about the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) among medical students. OBJECTIVES Determine the CVRFs prevalence in medical students. Compare the FRCVs percentage from initial and advanced course stages. Evaluate whether the CVRFs percentage was similar to that from population in the same age group, as previously described in another studies. METHOD This is a cross-sectional observational study that evaluated the CVRFs prevalence in medical students using a semi-structured questionnaire, in addition to physical examination and laboratory tests. For statistical analysis, statistical package for the social science software (SPSS, version 22.0) was used. RESULTS 115 students were evaluated: 74.8%, female; mean age, 22.4±3.1 years. In the general sample was found altered dosages of total cholesterol (27.0%), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL, 5.2%), triglycerides (12.2%), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL, 8.7%), fasting glucose (4.3%), overweight (17.4%), obesity (5.2%), inadequate physical activity (45.2%), family history of cardiovascular disease (44.3%), stress (68.7%), anxiety (83.5%), insomnia (28.7%), sleep deprivation (60.0%), alcohol use (91.3%) and low cardiovascular risk (100.0%). The average score from PSS-14 questionnaire showed greater stress in the basic (27.0±6.7) and clinical cycle (28.3±7.1) and less stress in the internship (22.3±6.4). There was a statistical difference between the clinical cycle and internship (P < 0.05). During internship, there was a lower association between stress and graduation (33.3%), especially when compared to the clinical cycle (75.4%) (P < 0.01; ra=2.9). CONCLUSION CVRFs exposure and the risk of negative cardiovascular outcomes are lower in medical students when compared to young adult population. Suggestive of medical training contributes to self-care, health promotion, stress reduction and disease prevention, reducing the cardiovascular diseases prevalence, especially in the internship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Samantha Cristiane Lopes
- Research Center in Medical Sciences, Investigations in Health - NPCMed, Faculty of Medicine, Centro Universitário para o Desenvolvimento do Alto Vale do Itajaí - UNIDAVI, Jardim AméricaRio do Sul, Santa Catarina, CEP 89160-932, Brazil
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Olivera S, Graham D. Sex differences in preclinical models of hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2023; 37:619-625. [PMID: 36335169 PMCID: PMC10403342 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-022-00770-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension remains the primary contributor in the development of cardiovascular disease which is rapidly increasing worldwide. High blood pressure affects men and women differently and understanding these sex differences is the ultimate unmet need for researchers in this field. Due to the inherent differences in hypertension prevalence, control and outcomes between men and women, novel research needs to be carried out to tackle these disparities and improve targeted treatment. Animal models of hypertension have provided valuable insights into the sexual dimorphism of blood pressure mechanisms. The availability of genetic and non-genetic hypertensive strains allows the opportunity to study diverse environmental and genetic factors that affect blood pressure, therefore presenting a valuable tool for researchers. Sex differences are present before birth and throughout life, which presents a challenge for the study of disease development in humans, but these complexities can be resolved with the use of in vivo models that display similarities to human disease. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the different available animal models of hypertension that present sexual dimorphisms and to discuss their relevance to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Olivera
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Delyth Graham
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
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Xu X, Zhou R, Duan Q, Miao Y, Zhang T, Wang M, Jones OD, Xu M. Circulating macrophages as the mechanistic link between mosaic loss of Y-chromosome and cardiac disease. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:135. [PMID: 37488646 PMCID: PMC10364353 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetics evidences have long linked mosaic loss of Y-chromosome (mLOY) in peripheral leukocytes with a wide range of male age-associated diseases. However, a lack of cellular and molecular mechanistic explanations for this link has limited further investigation into the relationship between mLOY and male age-related disease. Excitingly, Sano et al. have provided the first piece of evidence directly linking mLOY to cardiac fibrosis through mLOY enriched profibrotic transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) regulons in hematopoietic macrophages along with suppressed interleukin-1β (IL-1β) proinflammatory regulons. The results of this novel finding can be extrapolated to other disease related to mLOY, such as cancer, cardiac disease, and age-related macular degeneration. RESULTS Sano et al. used a CRISPR-Cas9 gRNAs gene editing induced Y-chromosome ablation mouse model to assess results of a UK biobank prospective analysis implicating the Y-chromosome in male age-related disease. Using this in vivo model, Sano et al. showed that hematopoietic mLOY accelerated cardiac fibrosis and heart failure in male mice through profibrotic pathways. This process was linked to monocyte-macrophage differentiation during hematopoietic development. Mice confirmed to have mLOY in leukocytes, by loss of Y-chromosome genes Kdm5d, Uty, Eif2s3y, and Ddx3y, at similar percentages to the human population were shown to have accelerated rates of interstitial and perivascular fibrosis and abnormal echocardiograms. These mice also recovered poorly from the transverse aortic constriction (TAC) model of heart failure and developed left ventricular dysfunction at higher rates. This was attributed to aberrant proliferation of cardiac MEF-SK4 + fibroblasts promoted by mLOY macrophages enriched in profibrotic regulons and lacking in proinflammatory regulons. These pro-fibrotic macrophages localized to heart and eventually resulted in cardiac fibrosis via enhanced TGF-β1 and suppressed IL-1β signaling. Furthermore, treatment of mLOY mice with TGFβ1 neutralizing antibody was able to improve their cardiac function. This study by Sano et al. was able to provide a causative link between the known association between mLOY and male cardiac disease morbidity and mortality for the first time, and thereby provide a new target for improving human health. CONCLUSIONS Using a CRISPR-Cas9 induced Y-chromosome ablation mouse model, Sano et al. has proven mosaic loss of Y-chromosome in peripheral myeloid cells to have a causative effect on male mobility and mortality due to male age-related cardiac disease. They traced the mechanism of this effect to hyper-expression of the profibrotic TGF-β1 and reduced pro-inflammatory IL-1β signaling, attenuation of which could provide another potential strategy in improving outcomes against age-related diseases in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Xu
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences and University Hospital Medical Center, 620 West Chang'an, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710119, China.
| | - Rong Zhou
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences and University Hospital Medical Center, 620 West Chang'an, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Qinchun Duan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences and University Hospital Medical Center, 620 West Chang'an, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yuanlin Miao
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences and University Hospital Medical Center, 620 West Chang'an, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences and University Hospital Medical Center, 620 West Chang'an, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Mofei Wang
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences and University Hospital Medical Center, 620 West Chang'an, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Odell D Jones
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine ULAR, Philadelphia, PA, 19144, USA
| | - MengMeng Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Columbia University, 3959 Broadway, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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10
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Lorca R, Aparicio A, Salgado M, Álvarez-Velasco R, Pascual I, Gomez J, Vazquez-Coto D, Garcia-Lago C, Velázquez-Cuervo L, Cuesta-Llavona E, Avanzas P, Coto E. Chromosome Y Haplogroup R Was Associated with the Risk of Premature Myocardial Infarction with ST-Elevation: Data from the CholeSTEMI Registry. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4812. [PMID: 37510926 PMCID: PMC10381015 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, with coronary artery disease (CAD) being one of its main manifestations. Both environmental and genetic factors are widely known to be related to CAD, such as smoking, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and a family history of CAD. However, there is still a lack of information about other risk factors, especially those related to genetic mutations. Sex represents a classic CAD risk factor, as men are more likely to suffer CAD, but there is lack of evidence with regard to sex-specific genetic factors. We evaluated the Y chromosome haplogroups in a cohort of young Spanish male patients who suffered from STEMI. In this cohort, haplogroup R was significantly more frequent in STEMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Lorca
- Área del Corazón, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Familiares, Área del Corazón y Departamento de Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Área de Fisiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORs), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Aparicio
- Área del Corazón, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Salgado
- Área del Corazón, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rut Álvarez-Velasco
- Área del Corazón, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Isaac Pascual
- Área del Corazón, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Gomez
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Familiares, Área del Corazón y Departamento de Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Daniel Vazquez-Coto
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Claudia Garcia-Lago
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Elías Cuesta-Llavona
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Avanzas
- Área del Corazón, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eliecer Coto
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Familiares, Área del Corazón y Departamento de Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORs), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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11
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Reddy KD, Oliver BGG. Sexual dimorphism in chronic respiratory diseases. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:47. [PMID: 36882807 PMCID: PMC9993607 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00998-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in susceptibility, severity, and progression are prevalent for various diseases in multiple organ systems. This phenomenon is particularly apparent in respiratory diseases. Asthma demonstrates an age-dependent pattern of sexual dimorphism. However, marked differences between males and females exist in other pervasive conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. The sex hormones estrogen and testosterone are commonly considered the primary factors causing sexual dimorphism in disease. However, how they contribute to differences in disease onset between males and females remains undefined. The sex chromosomes are an under-investigated fundamental form of sexual dimorphism. Recent studies highlight key X and Y-chromosome-linked genes that regulate vital cell processes and can contribute to disease-relevant mechanisms. This review summarises patterns of sex differences in asthma, COPD and lung cancer, highlighting physiological mechanisms causing the observed dimorphism. We also describe the role of the sex hormones and present candidate genes on the sex chromosomes as potential factors contributing to sexual dimorphism in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karosham Diren Reddy
- Respiratory and Cellular Molecular Biology Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW, 2037, Australia.
- School of Life Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Brian Gregory George Oliver
- Respiratory and Cellular Molecular Biology Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW, 2037, Australia
- School of Life Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
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12
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Müller P, Velazquez Camacho O, Yazbeck AM, Wölwer C, Zhai W, Schumacher J, Heider D, Buettner R, Quaas A, Hillmer AM. Why loss of Y? A pan-cancer genome analysis of tumors with loss of Y chromosome. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1573-1583. [PMID: 36874157 PMCID: PMC9978323 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of the Y chromosome (LoY) is frequently observed in somatic cells of elderly men. However, LoY is highly increased in tumor tissue and correlates with an overall worse prognosis. The underlying causes and downstream effects of LoY are widely unknown. Therefore, we analyzed genomic and transcriptomic data of 13 cancer types (2375 patients) and classified tumors of male patients according to loss or retain of the Y chromosome (LoY or RoY, average LoY fraction: 0.46). The frequencies of LoY ranged from almost absence (glioblastoma, glioma, thyroid carcinoma) to 77% (kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma). Genomic instability, aneuploidy, and mutation burden were enriched in LoY tumors. In addition, we found more frequently in LoY tumors the gate keeping tumor suppressor gene TP53 mutated in three cancer types (colon adenocarcinoma, head and neck squamous carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma) and oncogenes MET, CDK6, KRAS, and EGFR amplified in multiple cancer types. On the transcriptomic level, we observed MMP13, known to be involved in invasion, to be up-regulated in LoY of three adenocarcinomas and down-regulation of the tumor suppressor gene GPC5 in LoY of three cancer types. Furthermore, we found enrichment of a smoking-related mutation signature in LoY tumors of head and neck and lung cancer. Strikingly, we observed a correlation between cancer type-specific sex bias in incidence rates and frequencies of LoY, in line with the hypothesis that LoY increases cancer risk in males. Overall, LoY is a frequent phenomenon in cancer that is enriched in genomically unstable tumors. It correlates with genomic features beyond the Y chromosome and might contribute to higher incidence rates in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Müller
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oscar Velazquez Camacho
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ali M Yazbeck
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christina Wölwer
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Weiwei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Johannes Schumacher
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Heider
- Department of Data Science in Biomedicine, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Philipps-University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Buettner
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Group of Sex-specific Oncobiology (CGSO), Germany
| | - Axel M Hillmer
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Group of Sex-specific Oncobiology (CGSO), Germany.,University of Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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13
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Mosaic loss of chromosome Y in peripheral blood cells is associated with age-related macular degeneration in men. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:73. [PMID: 35642040 PMCID: PMC9153148 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00811-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of severe vision loss in patients over 55 years old in the industrialized world. In the past 20 years, approximately 288 million patents have been affected by this disease. Despite this high prevalence, the molecular mechanism for AMD remains unclear, and there remains no effective treatment for this disease. The mosaic loss of Y chromosome (mLOY) has been identified as a common phenomenon in multiple age-related disease (i.e., oncogenesis and cardiovascular disease) has recently been identified by genome-wide analysis to be linked to AMD as well. As the Y chromosome mainly possesses three genomic functions, sister chromatin cohesion, cell cycle mitosis, and apoptotic signaling, here we characterize the Y chromosome euchromatic genes and non-chromosome AMD genes in relevance to cellular proliferation and apoptotic signaling of leukocytes. Results Using STRING, a publically available database of all protein–protein interaction, Grassmann et al. found the genes on the Y chromosome is mainly believed to take part in three major cellular genomic functions- sister chromatin cohesion, cell cycle mitosis, and apoptotic signaling. Based on data from the Ensembl Genome database, we focus on our discussion on coding genes found in the euchromatins but not the PAR1 and PAR2 regions of the Y chromosomes. All 14 known euchromatic genes on the Y chromosome short arm and all 31 known euchromatic genes on the Y chromosome long arm (Yq) are directly or indirectly involved in the cell cycle (meiosis and mitosis) and proliferation. We sorted non-Y chromosome AMD associated genes into these three categories to identify signaling pathways that may compound with cellular dysregulation due to mLOY. Of the genes associated with AMD, complement pathway genes such as C2, C9 and CFH/ARMD4 are associated with proliferation, receptor-mediated endocytosis genes such as APOE, DAB2 and others associated with apoptotic signaling. Because nucleated cells found in peripheral circulation are mainly composed of leukocytes with reduced expression of CD99, a protein essential for leukocytes adhesion, translocation, and function, mLOY in these cells likely affect retinal degeneration through altered immunological surveillance. In fact, there is precedence that circulating macrophage can stabilize and modify the cardiac rhythm and contractility post ischemic damage. Therefore, the most likely mechanism through which peripheral mLOY affects AMD development in men is through the role affected leukocytes play in retinal proliferation and apoptosis. Conclusions mLOY in peripheral blood is newly discovered in AMD by Grassmann et al. as it is a common phenomenon in oncogenesis and cardiac dysfunction. Here the recent data conclude the possible mechanism for the newly identified link between mLOY and AMD, and provide support that mLOY in circulating macrophage-monocyte of affected male patients promotes AMD by targeting the retina and causing macular degeneration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00811-9.
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14
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Longpré-Poirier C, Dougoud J, Jacmin-Park S, Moussaoui F, Vilme J, Desjardins G, Cartier L, Cipriani E, Kerr P, Le Page C, Juster RP. Sex and Gender and Allostatic Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Risk and Disease. Can J Cardiol 2022; 38:1812-1827. [PMID: 36150584 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are leading causes of mortality and morbidity in adults worldwide. Multiple studies suggest that there are clinically relevant sex differences in cardiovascular disease. Women and men differ substantially in terms of prevalence, presentation, management, and outcomes of cardiovascular disease. To date, however, little is known about why cardiovascular disease affects women and men differently. Because many studies do not differentiate the concept of sex and gender, it is sometimes difficult to discriminate sociocultural vs biological contributors that drive observed clinical differences. Female sex has some biological advantages in relation to cardiovascular disease, but many of these advantages seem to disappear as soon as women develop cardiovascular risk factors (eg, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia). Furthermore, stress and allostatic load could play an important role in the relationship between sex/gender and cardiovascular diseases. In this narrative review, we argue that chronic stress and psychosocial factors might better encompass the patterns of allostatic load increases seen in women, while biological risk factors and unhealthy behaviours might be more important mechanisms that drive increased allostatic load in men. Indeed, men show allostatic load patterns that are more associated with impaired anthropometric, metabolic, and cardiovascular functioning and women have greater dysregulation in neuroendocrine and immune functioning. Thus gender-related factors might contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease especially through stress mechanisms. It is important to continue to study the mechanisms by which gender influences chronic stress, because chronic stress could influence modifiable gendered factors to promote cardiovascular disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Longpré-Poirier
- Research Centre, University Institute of Mental Health at Montréal, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Jade Dougoud
- Research Centre, University Institute of Mental Health at Montréal, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Silke Jacmin-Park
- Research Centre, University Institute of Mental Health at Montréal, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fadila Moussaoui
- Research Centre, University Institute of Mental Health at Montréal, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Joanna Vilme
- Research Centre, University Institute of Mental Health at Montréal, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gabriel Desjardins
- Research Centre, University Institute of Mental Health at Montréal, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Louis Cartier
- Research Centre, University Institute of Mental Health at Montréal, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Enzo Cipriani
- Research Centre, University Institute of Mental Health at Montréal, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Kerr
- Research Centre, University Institute of Mental Health at Montréal, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cécile Le Page
- Research Centre, University Institute of Mental Health at Montréal, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert-Paul Juster
- Research Centre, University Institute of Mental Health at Montréal, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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15
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Waldhorn I, Turetsky T, Steiner D, Gil Y, Benyamini H, Gropp M, Reubinoff BE. Modeling sex differences in humans using isogenic induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:2732-2744. [PMID: 36427492 PMCID: PMC9768579 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological sex is a fundamental trait influencing development, reproduction, pathogenesis, and medical treatment outcomes. Modeling sex differences is challenging because of the masking effect of genetic variability and the hurdle of differentiating chromosomal versus hormonal effects. In this work we developed a cellular model to study sex differences in humans. Somatic cells from a mosaic Klinefelter syndrome patient were reprogrammed to generate isogenic induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines with different sex chromosome complements: 47,XXY/46,XX/46,XY/45,X0. Transcriptional analysis of the hiPSCs revealed novel and known genes and pathways that are sexually dimorphic in the pluripotent state and during early neural development. Female hiPSCs more closely resembled the naive pluripotent state than their male counterparts. Moreover, the system enabled differentiation between the contributions of X versus Y chromosome to these differences. Taken together, isogenic hiPSCs present a novel platform for studying sex differences in humans and bear potential to promote gender-specific medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ithai Waldhorn
- Hadassah Stem Cell Research Center, Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tikva Turetsky
- Hadassah Stem Cell Research Center, Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Debora Steiner
- Hadassah Stem Cell Research Center, Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaniv Gil
- Hadassah Stem Cell Research Center, Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hadar Benyamini
- Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE at Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Gropp
- Hadassah Stem Cell Research Center, Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamin E. Reubinoff
- Hadassah Stem Cell Research Center, Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ein Kerem, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel,Corresponding author
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16
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Sandri P, Rosa LA, Almeida ESD, Silva SGD. Cardiovascular Diseases Mortality Rates in Nine Cities of Rio Grande do Sul from 2009 to 2019: Temporal Trends and Demographic Differences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.36660/ijcs.20220062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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17
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Liu J, Jiang L, Zhao M, Du W, Wen Y, Li S, Zhang S, Fang F, Shen J, He G, Wang M, Dai H, Hou Y, Wang Z. Development and validation of a custom panel including 256 Y-SNPs for Chinese Y-chromosomal haplogroups dissection. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2022; 61:102786. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2022.102786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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18
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Grenn FP, Makarious MB, Bandres-Ciga S, Iwaki H, Singleton AB, Nalls MA, Blauwendraat C. Analysis of Y chromosome haplogroups in Parkinson's disease. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac277. [PMID: 36387750 PMCID: PMC9665271 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that is about 1.5 times more prevalent in males than females. Extensive work has been done to identify the genetic risk factors behind Parkinson's disease on autosomes and more recently on Chromosome X, but work remains to be done on the male-specific Y chromosome. In an effort to explore the role of the Y chromosome in Parkinson's disease, we analysed whole-genome sequencing data from the Accelerating Medicines Partnership-Parkinson's disease initiative (1466 cases and 1664 controls), genotype data from NeuroX (3491 cases and 3232 controls) and genotype data from UKBiobank (182 517 controls, 1892 cases and 3783 proxy cases), all consisting of male European ancestry samples. We classified sample Y chromosomes by haplogroup using three different tools for comparison (Snappy, Yhaplo and Y-LineageTracker) and meta-analysed this data to identify haplogroups associated with Parkinson's disease. This was followed up with a Y-chromosome association study to identify specific variants associated with disease. We also analysed blood-based RNASeq data obtained from the Accelerating Medicines Partnership-Parkinson's disease initiative (1020 samples) and RNASeq data obtained from the North American Brain Expression Consortium (171 samples) to identify Y-chromosome genes differentially expressed in cases, controls, specific haplogroups and specific tissues. RNASeq analyses suggest Y-chromosome gene expression differs between brain and blood tissues but does not differ significantly in cases, controls or specific haplogroups. Overall, we did not find any strong associations between Y-chromosome genetics and Parkinson's disease, suggesting the explanation for the increased prevalence in males may lie elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis P Grenn
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary B Makarious
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hirotaka Iwaki
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Integrative Neurogenomics Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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19
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Kubota T, Tsushima T, Al-Kindi S, Sundaram V, Vaca GFB. Association between status epilepticus and cardiorespiratory comorbidity in patients with epilepsy: A population-based study. Epilepsy Behav 2022; 135:108889. [PMID: 36057177 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between status epilepticus (SE) and cardiorespiratory comorbidity in patients with epilepsy. METHODS We conducted a population-based study using cloud-based aggregated electronic medical records from >53 million patients in the US (Explorys, IBM Watson; January 1999 to November 2020). During the study period, we identified patients with epilepsy with SE. Patients with a history of cardiac arrest, anoxic encephalopathy, and/or cerebrovascular disease were excluded. We reported the prevalences and prevalence ratios of cardiorespiratory and medical comorbidities using age- and sex-adjusted standardization. RESULTS We identified 494,790 patients with epilepsy and 19,190 had SE. Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were statistically significantly more prevalent in patients with epilepsy with SE than in those without SE (adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) 1.13, prevalence 68.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 67.6-69.9] vs 60.9% [95% CI: 60.7-61.1]) and (APR 1.25, 73.1% [95% CI: 71.8-74.3] vs 58.4% [95% CI: 58.1-58.6]), respectively. Aspiration pneumonia (APR 3.12, 0.47% [95% CI: 0.37-0.57] vs 0.15% [95% CI: 0.14-0.16]) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (APR 2.40, 0.47% [95% CI: 0.37-0.57] vs 0.20% [95% CI: 0.18-0.21]) were more prevalent in patients with epilepsy with SE. Common cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes mellitus (APR 1.13, 17.1% [95% CI: 16.5-17.6] vs 15.1% [95% CI: 1.50-15.2]) and hypertension (APR 1.28, 10.6% [95% CI: 10.2-11.0] vs 8.31% [95% CI: 8.23-8.39]) were also more common in patients with epilepsy with SE. CONCLUSION In this population-based study, patients with epilepsy with SE had a statistically significantly higher prevalence of cardiorespiratory comorbidities than in those without SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Kubota
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals of Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Tsushima
- University Hospitals Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Sadeer Al-Kindi
- University Hospitals Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Varun Sundaram
- University Hospitals Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Guadalupe Fernandez-Baca Vaca
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals of Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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20
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Timmers PRHJ, Wilson JF. Limited Effect of Y Chromosome Variation on Coronary Artery Disease and Mortality in UK Biobank-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:1198-1206. [PMID: 35861954 PMCID: PMC9394501 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of genetic variation in the male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) on coronary artery disease and cardiovascular risk factors has been disputed. In this study, we systematically assessed the association of MSY genetic variation on these traits using a kin-cohort analysis of family disease history in the largest sample to date. METHODS We tested 90 MSY haplogroups against coronary artery disease, hypertension, blood pressure, classical lipid levels, and all-cause mortality in up to 152 186 unrelated, genomically British individuals from UK Biobank. Unlike previous studies, we did not adjust for heritable lifestyle factors (to avoid collider bias) and instead adjusted for geographic variables and socioeconomic deprivation, given the link between MSY haplogroups and geography. For family history traits, subject MSY haplogroups were tested against father and mother disease as validation and negative control, respectively. RESULTS Our models find little evidence for an effect of any MSY haplogroup on cardiovascular risk in participants. Parental models confirm these findings. CONCLUSIONS Kin-cohort analysis of the Y chromosome uniquely allows for discoveries in subjects to be validated using family history data. Despite our large sample size, improved models, and parental validation, there is little evidence to suggest cardiovascular risk in UK Biobank is influenced by genetic variation in MSY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R H J Timmers
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer (P.R.H.J.T., J.F.W.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute (P.R.H.J.T., J.F.W.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James F Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer (P.R.H.J.T., J.F.W.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute (P.R.H.J.T., J.F.W.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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21
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Vaura F, Palmu J, Aittokallio J, Kauko A, Niiranen T. Genetic, Molecular, and Cellular Determinants of Sex-Specific Cardiovascular Traits. Circ Res 2022; 130:611-631. [PMID: 35175841 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the well-known sex dimorphism in cardiovascular disease traits, the exact genetic, molecular, and cellular underpinnings of these differences are not well understood. A growing body of evidence currently points at the links between cardiovascular disease traits and the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, and metabolome. However, the sex-specific differences in these links remain largely unstudied due to challenges in bioinformatic methods, inadequate statistical power, analytic costs, and paucity of valid experimental models. This review article provides an overview of the literature on sex differences in genetic architecture, heritability, epigenetic changes, transcriptomic signatures, and metabolomic profiles in relation to cardiovascular disease traits. We also review the literature on the associations between sex hormones and cardiovascular disease traits and discuss the potential mechanisms underlying these associations, focusing on human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Vaura
- Department of Internal Medicine (F.V., J.P., A.K., T.N.), University of Turku, Finland
| | - Joonatan Palmu
- Department of Internal Medicine (F.V., J.P., A.K., T.N.), University of Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Aittokallio
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (J.A.), University of Turku, Finland.,Division of Perioperative Services, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine (J.A.), Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Anni Kauko
- Department of Internal Medicine (F.V., J.P., A.K., T.N.), University of Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu Niiranen
- Department of Internal Medicine (F.V., J.P., A.K., T.N.), University of Turku, Finland.,Division of Medicine (T.N.), Turku University Hospital, Finland.,Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (T.N.)
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22
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Aguado BA, Walker CJ, Grim JC, Schroeder ME, Batan D, Vogt BJ, Rodriguez AG, Schwisow JA, Moulton KS, Weiss RM, Heistad DD, Leinwand LA, Anseth KS. Genes That Escape X Chromosome Inactivation Modulate Sex Differences in Valve Myofibroblasts. Circulation 2022; 145:513-530. [PMID: 35000411 PMCID: PMC8844107 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.054108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic valve stenosis is a sexually dimorphic disease, with women often presenting with sustained fibrosis and men with more extensive calcification. However, the intracellular molecular mechanisms that drive these clinically important sex differences remain underexplored. METHODS Hydrogel biomaterials were designed to recapitulate key aspects of the valve tissue microenvironment and to serve as a culture platform for sex-specific valvular interstitial cells (VICs; precursors to profibrotic myofibroblasts). The hydrogel culture system was used to interrogate intracellular pathways involved in sex-dependent VIC-to-myofibroblast activation and deactivation. RNA sequencing was used to define pathways involved in driving sex-dependent activation. Interventions with small molecule inhibitors and siRNA transfections were performed to provide mechanistic insight into sex-specific cellular responses to microenvironmental cues, including matrix stiffness and exogenously delivered biochemical factors. RESULTS In both healthy porcine and human aortic valves, female leaflets had higher baseline activation of the myofibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin compared with male leaflets. When isolated and cultured, female porcine and human VICs had higher levels of basal α-smooth muscle actin stress fibers that further increased in response to the hydrogel matrix stiffness, both of which were higher than in male VICs. A transcriptomic analysis of male and female porcine VICs revealed Rho-associated protein kinase signaling as a potential driver of this sex-dependent myofibroblast activation. Furthermore, we found that genes that escape X-chromosome inactivation such as BMX and STS (encoding for Bmx nonreceptor tyrosine kinase and steroid sulfatase, respectively) partially regulate the elevated female myofibroblast activation through Rho-associated protein kinase signaling. This finding was confirmed by treating male and female VICs with endothelin-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, factors that are secreted by endothelial cells and known to drive myofibroblast activation through Rho-associated protein kinase signaling. CONCLUSIONS Together, in vivo and in vitro results confirm sex dependencies in myofibroblast activation pathways and implicate genes that escape X-chromosome inactivation in regulating sex differences in myofibroblast activation and subsequent aortic valve stenosis progression. Our results underscore the importance of considering sex as a biological variable to understand the molecular mechanisms of aortic valve stenosis and to help guide sex-based precision therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A. Aguado
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cierra J. Walker
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Joseph C. Grim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Megan E. Schroeder
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Dilara Batan
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Brandon J. Vogt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrea Gonzalez Rodriguez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jessica A. Schwisow
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Karen S. Moulton
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Robert M. Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Donald D. Heistad
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Leslie A. Leinwand
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Kristi S. Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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23
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Heydari R, Jangravi Z, Maleknia S, Seresht-Ahmadi M, Bahari Z, Salekdeh GH, Meyfour A. Y chromosome is moving out of sex determination shadow. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:4. [PMID: 34983649 PMCID: PMC8724748 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00741-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although sex hormones play a key role in sex differences in susceptibility, severity, outcomes, and response to therapy of different diseases, sex chromosomes are also increasingly recognized as an important factor. Studies demonstrated that the Y chromosome is not a ‘genetic wasteland’ and can be a useful genetic marker for interpreting various male-specific physiological and pathophysiological characteristics. Y chromosome harbors male‑specific genes, which either solely or in cooperation with their X-counterpart, and independent or in conjunction with sex hormones have a considerable impact on basic physiology and disease mechanisms in most or all tissues development. Furthermore, loss of Y chromosome and/or aberrant expression of Y chromosome genes cause sex differences in disease mechanisms. With the launch of the human proteome project (HPP), the association of Y chromosome proteins with pathological conditions has been increasingly explored. In this review, the involvement of Y chromosome genes in male-specific diseases such as prostate cancer and the cases that are more prevalent in men, such as cardiovascular disease, neurological disease, and cancers, has been highlighted. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying Y chromosome-related diseases can have a significant impact on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Heydari
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Jangravi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Maleknia
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrshad Seresht-Ahmadi
- Department of Basic Science and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahari
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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24
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Yusifov A, Woulfe KC, Bruns DR. Mechanisms and implications of sex differences in cardiac aging. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2022; 2:20. [PMID: 35419571 PMCID: PMC9004711 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2022.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Aging promotes structural and functional remodeling of the heart, even in the absence of external factors. There is growing clinical and experimental evidence supporting the existence of sex-specific patterns of cardiac aging, and in some cases, these sex differences emerge early in life. Despite efforts to identify sex-specific differences in cardiac aging, understanding how these differences are established and regulated remains limited. In addition to contributing to sex differences in age-related heart disease, sex differences also appear to underlie differential responses to cardiac stress such as adrenergic activation. Identifying the underlying mechanisms of sex-specific differences may facilitate the characterization of underlying heart disease phenotypes, with the ultimate goal of utilizing sex-specific therapeutic approaches for cardiac disease. The purpose of this review is to discuss the mechanisms and implications of sex-specific cardiac aging, how these changes render the heart more susceptible to disease, and how we can target age- and sex-specific differences to advance therapies for both male and female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykhan Yusifov
- Kinesiology & Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Kathleen C. Woulfe
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Danielle R. Bruns
- Kinesiology & Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- Wyoming WWAMI Medical Education, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
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25
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Matsunaga M, Ohtsubo Y, Masuda T, Noguchi Y, Yamasue H, Ishii K. A Genetic Variation in the Y Chromosome Among Modern Japanese Males Related to Several Physiological and Psychological Characteristics. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:774879. [PMID: 34924970 PMCID: PMC8675941 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.774879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies in population genetics have proposed that the Y-chromosomal (Y-DNA) haplogroup D ancestor likely originated from Africa. The haplogroup D branch next started Out-of-Africa migration, rapidly expanded across Eurasia, and later diversified in East Asia. Y-DNA haplogroup D-M55, one of the branches of haplogroup D, is only found in modern Japanese males, suggesting that individuals with Y-DNA haplogroup D migrated from the Eurasian continent. Based on previous observations, Y-DNA haplogroup D is expected to be associated with some male characteristics including personality. Therefore, this study investigated whether the Y-DNA haplogroup D-M55 is associated with several physiological and psychological characteristics, including exploratory motivation and human relationship-related perception. We recruited Japanese young adult males and females and investigated the association between Y-DNA haplogroup D-M55, physiological [body mass index (BMI)], and several psychological parameters [perceived number of close friends, behavioral inhibition system/behavioral activation system (BIS/BAS), perceived happiness, and perceived loneliness]. The results indicated that males with haplogroup D-M55 had a higher BMI and more close friends, compared with non-carrier males. Additional multiple regression analyses, which tested the hypothesis that haplogroup D-M55 predicts BMI and perceived number of close friends, confirmed our hypothesis, even after controlling for the potentially confounding variables of age and sex. We also analyzed the gene-gene interaction between haplogroup D-M55 and an autosomal gene polymorphism associated with BMI and human relationships, such as the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2: rs1800497). Results showed gene-gene interactions between haplogroups D-M55 and DRD2 in BMI. Based on these findings, it is demonstrated that Y-DNA haplogroup D is associated with human personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Matsunaga
- Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Ohtsubo
- Department of Social Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyō, Japan
| | - Takahiko Masuda
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yasuki Noguchi
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yamasue
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences, Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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26
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Abstract
Frailty is an important clinical syndrome of age-related decline in physiologic reserve and increased vulnerability. In older adults, frailty leads to progressive multisystem decline and increased adverse clinical outcomes. The pathophysiology of frailty is hypothesized to be driven by dysregulation of neuroendocrine, inflammatory, and metabolic pathways. Sex-specific differences in the prevalence of frailty have been observed. Treatment interventions of geriatric care can be applied to the care of frail older women with these differences in mind. As additional evidence regarding sex-specific differences in frailty emerges, research efforts should encompass the development of screening tools and therapeutic interventions that optimize outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Park
- Section of Geriatrics, Division of Primary Care & Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford Senior Care, 211 Quarry Road. Suite 4C, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Fred C Ko
- Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1070, New York, NY 10029, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
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27
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Peona V, Palacios-Gimenez OM, Blommaert J, Liu J, Haryoko T, Jønsson KA, Irestedt M, Zhou Q, Jern P, Suh A. The avian W chromosome is a refugium for endogenous retroviruses with likely effects on female-biased mutational load and genetic incompatibilities. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200186. [PMID: 34304594 PMCID: PMC8310711 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a broadly observed pattern that the non-recombining regions of sex-limited chromosomes (Y and W) accumulate more repeats than the rest of the genome, even in species like birds with a low genome-wide repeat content. Here, we show that in birds with highly heteromorphic sex chromosomes, the W chromosome has a transposable element (TE) density of greater than 55% compared to the genome-wide density of less than 10%, and contains over half of all full-length (thus potentially active) endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) of the entire genome. Using RNA-seq and protein mass spectrometry data, we were able to detect signatures of female-specific ERV expression. We hypothesize that the avian W chromosome acts as a refugium for active ERVs, probably leading to female-biased mutational load that may influence female physiology similar to the 'toxic-Y' effect in Drosophila males. Furthermore, Haldane's rule predicts that the heterogametic sex has reduced fertility in hybrids. We propose that the excess of W-linked active ERVs over the rest of the genome may be an additional explanatory variable for Haldane's rule, with consequences for genetic incompatibilities between species through TE/repressor mismatches in hybrids. Together, our results suggest that the sequence content of female-specific W chromosomes can have effects far beyond sex determination and gene dosage. This article is part of the theme issue 'Challenging the paradigm in sex chromosome evolution: empirical and theoretical insights with a focus on vertebrates (Part II)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Peona
- Department of Organismal Biology—Systematic Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Julie Blommaert
- Department of Organismal Biology—Systematic Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neuroscience and Development, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tri Haryoko
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Centre for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Knud A. Jønsson
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Irestedt
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qi Zhou
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neuroscience and Development, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310052, People's Republic of China
| | - Patric Jern
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexander Suh
- Department of Organismal Biology—Systematic Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- School of Biological Sciences—Organisms and the Environment, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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28
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Deegan DF, Nigam P, Engel N. Sexual Dimorphism of the Heart: Genetics, Epigenetics, and Development. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:668252. [PMID: 34124200 PMCID: PMC8189176 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.668252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The democratization of genomic technologies has revealed profound sex biases in expression patterns in every adult tissue, even in organs with no conspicuous differences, such as the heart. With the increasing awareness of the disparities in cardiac pathophysiology between males and females, there are exciting opportunities to explore how sex differences in the heart are established developmentally. Although sexual dimorphism is traditionally attributed to hormonal influence, expression and epigenetic sex biases observed in early cardiac development can only be accounted for by the difference in sex chromosome composition, i.e., XX in females and XY in males. In fact, genes linked to the X and Y chromosomes, many of which encode regulatory factors, are expressed in cardiac progenitor cells and at every subsequent developmental stage. The effect of the sex chromosome composition may explain why many congenital heart defects originating before gonad formation exhibit sex biases in presentation, mortality, and morbidity. Some transcriptional and epigenetic sex biases established soon after fertilization persist in cardiac lineages, suggesting that early epigenetic events are perpetuated beyond early embryogenesis. Importantly, when sex hormones begin to circulate, they encounter a cardiac genome that is already functionally distinct between the sexes. Although there is a wealth of knowledge on the effects of sex hormones on cardiac function, we propose that sex chromosome-linked genes and their downstream targets also contribute to the differences between male and female hearts. Moreover, identifying how hormones influence sex chromosome effects, whether antagonistically or synergistically, will enhance our understanding of how sex disparities are established. We also explore the possibility that sexual dimorphism of the developing heart predicts sex-specific responses to environmental signals and foreshadows sex-biased health-related outcomes after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Deegan
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Fels Institute for Cancer Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Priya Nigam
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Fels Institute for Cancer Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nora Engel
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Fels Institute for Cancer Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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29
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CRIP1 expression in monocytes related to hypertension. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:911-924. [PMID: 33782695 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a complex and multifactorial disorder caused by lifestyle and environmental factors, inflammation and disease-related genetic factors and is a risk factor for stroke, ischemic heart disease and renal failure. Although circulating monocytes and tissue macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Cysteine rich protein 1 (CRIP1) is highly expressed in immune cells, and CRIP1 mRNA expression in monocytes associates with blood pressure (BP) and is up-regulated by proinflammatory modulation suggesting a link between CRIP1 and BP regulation through the immune system. To address this functional link, we studied CRIP1 expression in immune cells in relation to BP using a human cohort study and hypertensive mouse models. CRIP1 expression in splenic monocytes/macrophages and in circulating monocytes was significantly affected by angiotensin II (Ang II) in a BP-elevating dose (2 mg/kg/day). In the human cohort study, monocytic CRIP1 expression levels were associated with elevated BP, whereas upon differentiation of monocytes to macrophages this association along with the CRIP1 expression level was diminished. In conclusion, CRIP1-positive circulating and splenic monocytes seem to play an important role in hypertension related inflammatory processes through endogenous hormones such as Ang II. These findings suggest that CRIP1 may affect the interaction between the immune system, in particular monocytes, and the pathogenesis of hypertension.
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30
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Gonzalez M, Gutierrez C, Martinez R. Bayesian Inference in Y-Linked Two-Sex Branching Processes with Mutations: ABC Approach. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 18:525-538. [PMID: 31180867 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2019.2921308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A Y-linked two-sex branching process with mutations and blind choice of males is a suitable model for analyzing the evolution of the number of carriers of a Y-linked allele and its mutations. Such a model considers a two-sex monogamous population in which each female chooses her partner from among the male population without caring about his type (i.e., the allele he carries). In this work, we deal with the problem of estimating the main parameters of these models by developing Bayesian inference in a parametric framework. First, we consider as a sample scheme the observation of the total number of females and males up to some generation as well as the number of males of each genotype in the last generation. Subsequently, we introduce the information on the mutated males in only the last generation, obtaining in this way a second sample scheme. For both samples, we apply the Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) method to approximate the posterior distributions of the main parameters of the model. The accuracy of the procedure based on these samples is illustrated and discussed by way of simulated examples.
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31
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Rogers MJ. Y chromosome copy number variation and its effects on fertility and other health factors: a review. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:1373-1382. [PMID: 33850773 PMCID: PMC8039628 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2020.04.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Y chromosome is essential for testis development and spermatogenesis. It is a chromosome with the lowest gene density owing to its medium size but paucity of coding genes. The Y chromosome is unique in that the majority of its structure is highly repetitive sequences, with the majority of these limited genes occurring in 9 amplionic sequences throughout the chromosome. The repetitive nature has its benefits as it can be protective against gene loss over many generations, but it can also predispose the Y chromosome to having wide variations of the number of gene copies present in these repeated sequences. This is known as copy number variation. Copy number variation is not unique to the Y chromosome but copy number variation is a well-known cause of male infertility and having effects on spermatogenesis. This is most commonly seen as deletions of the AZF sequences on the Y chromosome. However, there are other implications for copy number variation beyond just the AZF deletions that can affect spermatogenesis and potentially have other health implications. Copy number variations of TSPY1, DAZ, CDY1, RBMY1, the DYZ1 array, along with minor deletions of gr/gr, b1/b3, and b2/b3 have all be implicated in affecting spermatogenesis. UTY copy number variations have been implicated in risk for cardiovascular disease, and other deletions within gr/gr and the AZF sequences have been implicated in cancer and neuropsychiatric diseases. This review sets out to describe the Y chromosome and unique susceptibility to copy number variation and then to examine how this growing body of research impacts spermatogenesis and other health factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc J Rogers
- Department of Urology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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32
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Ibrahim M, Salih A. The Y chromosome ancestry marker R1b1b2: a surrogate of the SARS-CoV-2 population affinity. Hum Genome Var 2021; 8:11. [PMID: 33602939 PMCID: PMC7890103 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-021-00141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual and population susceptibilities to disease remain a murky area of investigation, clouded by past bias based on ideological differences and wars. The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the largest in living memory, brought this matter to forefront as the disparity in disease burden became apparent. A timeline analysis of the pandemic revealed the presence of country clusters that display a marked preponderance of disease among populations carrying the ancestry marker R1b1b2, notably associated with both infection and mortality. This marker is a relic of past human expansions from western Asia and subsequently Europe and the rest of the world, which may have been accompanied by peculiar biological events rendering these populations vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muntaser Ibrahim
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Medical Campus Qasser Street, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Abdalhameed Salih
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Medical Campus Qasser Street, Khartoum, Sudan
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33
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Qi Y, Wang X, Li W, Chen D, Meng H, An S. Pseudogenes in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:622540. [PMID: 33644114 PMCID: PMC7902774 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.622540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the main disease that affects human life span. In recent years, the disease has been increasingly addressed at the molecular levels, for example, pseudogenes are now known to be involved in the pathogenesis and development of cardiovascular diseases. Pseudogenes are non-coding homologs of protein-coding genes and were once called “junk gene.” Since they are highly homologous to their functional parental genes, it is somewhat difficult to distinguish them. With the development of sequencing technology and bioinformatics, pseudogenes have become readily identifiable. Recent studies indicate that pseudogenes are closely related to cardiovascular diseases. This review provides an overview of pseudogenes and their roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. This new knowledge adds to our understanding of cardiovascular disease at the molecular level and will help develop new biomarkers and therapeutic approaches designed to prevent and treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Anesthesiology and Emergency Medicine, Henan Province People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Province People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongchang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Province People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hua Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Province People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Songtao An
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Province People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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34
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Ouseph MM, Hasserjian RP, Dal Cin P, Lovitch SB, Steensma DP, Nardi V, Weinberg OK. Genomic alterations in patients with somatic loss of the Y chromosome as the sole cytogenetic finding in bone marrow cells. Haematologica 2021; 106:555-564. [PMID: 32193254 PMCID: PMC7849577 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.240689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of the Y chromosome (LOY) is one of the most common somatic genomic alterations in hematopoietic cells in men. However, due to the high prevalence of LOY as the sole cytogenetic finding in the healthy older population, differentiating isolated LOY associated with clonal hematologic processes from aging-associated mosaicism can be difficult in the absence of definitive morphological features of disease. In the past, various investigators have proposed that a high percentage of metaphases with LOY is more likely to represent expansion of a clonal myeloid disease-associated population. It is unknown whether the proportion of metaphases with LOY is associated with the incidence of myeloid neoplasia-associated genomic alterations. To address this question, we identified bone marrow samples with LOY as an isolated cytogenetic finding and used targeted next generation sequencing-based molecular analysis to identify common myeloid neoplasia-associated somatic mutations. Among 73 patients with a median age of 75 years (range, 29-90), the percentage of metaphases with LOY was <25% in 23 patients, 25-49% in 10, 50-74% in 8 and ≥75% in 32. A threshold of ≥75% LOY was significantly associated with a morphological diagnosis of myeloid neoplasm (P=0.004). Furthermore, ≥75% LOY was associated with a higher lifetime incidence of a diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) (P<0.0001), and in multivariate analysis ≥75% LOY was a statistically significant independent predictor of myeloid neoplasia (odds ratio 6.17; 95% confidence interval: 2.15-17.68; P=0.0007]. Higher LOY percentage (≥75%) was associated with greater likelihood of having somatic mutations (P=0.0009) and a higher number of these mutations (P=0.0002). Our findings indicate that ≥75% LOY in bone marrow cells is associated with an increased likelihood of molecular aberrations in genes commonly seen to be altered in myeloid neoplasia and with morphological features of MDS. These observations suggest that ≥75% LOY in bone marrow should be considered an MDS-associated cytogenetic aberration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu M Ouseph
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | | | - Paola Dal Cin
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Scott B Lovitch
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - David P Steensma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Valentina Nardi
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Olga K Weinberg
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children Hospital, Boston, USA
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Prakash T, Ramachandra NB. Integrated Network and Gene Ontology Analysis Identifies Key Genes and Pathways for Coronary Artery Diseases. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2021; 13:15-23. [PMID: 33680369 PMCID: PMC7903433 DOI: 10.18502/ajmb.v13i1.4581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in developing countries is on the rise, owing to rapidly changing lifestyle. Therefore, it is imperative that the underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms be understood to develop specific treatment strategies. Comprehensive disease network and Gene Ontology (GO) studies aid in prioritizing potential candidate genes for CAD and also give insights into gene function by establishing gene and disease pathway relationships. METHODS In the present study, CAD-associated genes were collated from different data sources and protein-protein interaction network was constructed using STRING. Highly interconnected network clusters were inferred and GO analysis was performed. RESULTS Interrelation between genes and pathways were analyzed on ClueGO and 38 candidates were identified from 1475 CAD-associated genes, which were significantly enriched in CAD-related pathways such as metabolism and regulation of lipid molecules, platelet activation, macrophage derived foam cell differentiation, and blood coagulation and fibrin clot formation. DISCUSSION Integrated network and ontology analysis enables biomarker prioritization for common complex diseases such as CAD. Experimental validation and future studies on the prioritized genes may reveal valuable insights into CAD development mechanism and targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswini Prakash
- Genetics and Genomics Lab, Department of Studies in Genetics and Genomics, University of Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nallur B Ramachandra
- Genetics and Genomics Lab, Department of Studies in Genetics and Genomics, University of Mysore, Karnataka, India
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36
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Sex and gender aspects in vascular pathophysiology. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:2203-2207. [PMID: 32844996 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of global mortality in men and women. The prevalence, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and outcomes of CVD observed in these two populations is being increasingly recognized as distinct. In this editorial, we provide an overview of mechanisms related to differences in vascular pathophysiology between men and women and explore the contributions of both sex and gender.
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Den Ruijter H. Sex and Gender Matters to the Heart. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:587888. [PMID: 33330649 PMCID: PMC7732542 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.587888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hester Den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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38
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Lassen O, Tabares S, Bertolotto P, Ojeda S, Sembaj A. Preliminary study between Y chromosome haplogroups and chagasic cardiomyopathy manifestations in patients with Chagas disease. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020; 53:e20190566. [PMID: 33174952 PMCID: PMC7670740 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0566-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among patients with Chagas disease, men have a higher risk of worse pathological symptoms than women. We aimed to explore the role of the Y chromosome in men diagnosed with Chagas disease and assess the relationship between their ancestry and disease status. METHODS In this comparative study, we analyzed 150 men with unrelated non-chagasic disease (nCD) and 150 men with unrelated chagasic disease (CD). We assessed the serological diagnosis of Chagas disease, biochemical parameters, thoracic X-rays, electrocardiogram, and transthoracic echocardiography and determined the haplogroup by analyzing a set of 17 microsatellites from the Y chromosome. We examined the associations between common Y chromosome haplogroups and the clinical parameters of risk by logistic regression. RESULTS For all patients, the most common haplogroups were R1b (43%), G2a (9%), and E1b1b (9%). The R1b and G2a haplogroup was more frequent in men with nCD and CD, respectively. As expected, we observed a high proportion of symptomatic patients in the CD group independent of the haplogroups. Men from both groups classified as having the R1b haplogroup showed less clinical evidence of disease. Multivariate analysis showed that CD patients without R1b were about five times more likely to have a cardio-thorax index >0.5% (OR [odds ratio] = 5.1, 95% CI [confidence interval] = 3.31-8.17). Men without the R1b haplogroup were 2.5 times more likely to show EcoCG alterations (OR = 2.50, 95% CI = 0.16-3.94). CONCLUSIONS Our results provided evidence that the R1b haplogroup may have a potential protective cardiovascular effect for its carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Lassen
- Cordoba Hospital, Semiology Department UHMI 3, Chagas and Hypertension Office, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sandra Tabares
- School of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, UNC, Cordoba, Argentina
| | | | - Silvia Ojeda
- School of Mathematics, Astronomy and Physics, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adela Sembaj
- School of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, UNC, Cordoba, Argentina
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The Y Chromosome: A Complex Locus for Genetic Analyses of Complex Human Traits. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111273. [PMID: 33137877 PMCID: PMC7693691 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human Y chromosome (ChrY) has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for phylogenetics, population genetics, genetic genealogy and forensics. However, the importance of ChrY genetic variation in relation to human complex traits is less clear. In this review, we summarise existing evidence about the inherent complexities of ChrY variation and their use in association studies of human complex traits. We present and discuss the specific particularities of ChrY genetic variation, including Y chromosomal haplogroups, that need to be considered in the design and interpretation of genetic epidemiological studies involving ChrY.
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40
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Jusic A, Salgado-Somoza A, Paes AB, Stefanizzi FM, Martínez-Alarcón N, Pinet F, Martelli F, Devaux Y, Robinson EL, Novella S. Approaching Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Non-Coding RNA Research. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4890. [PMID: 32664454 PMCID: PMC7402336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the biggest cause of sickness and mortality worldwide in both males and females. Clinical statistics demonstrate clear sex differences in risk, prevalence, mortality rates, and response to treatment for different entities of CVD. The reason for this remains poorly understood. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as key mediators and biomarkers of CVD. Similarly, current knowledge on differential regulation, expression, and pathology-associated function of ncRNAs between sexes is minimal. Here, we provide a state-of-the-art overview of what is known on sex differences in ncRNA research in CVD as well as discussing the contributing biological factors to this sex dimorphism including genetic and epigenetic factors and sex hormone regulation of transcription. We then focus on the experimental models of CVD and their use in translational ncRNA research in the cardiovascular field. In particular, we want to highlight the importance of considering sex of the cellular and pre-clinical models in clinical studies in ncRNA research and to carefully consider the appropriate experimental models most applicable to human patient populations. Moreover, we aim to identify sex-specific targets for treatment and diagnosis for the biggest socioeconomic health problem globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amela Jusic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Tuzla, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Antonio Salgado-Somoza
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (A.S.-S.); (F.M.S.); (Y.D.)
| | - Ana B. Paes
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Menéndez Pelayo 4 Accesorio, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.B.P.); (N.M.-A.)
| | - Francesca Maria Stefanizzi
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (A.S.-S.); (F.M.S.); (Y.D.)
| | - Núria Martínez-Alarcón
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Menéndez Pelayo 4 Accesorio, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.B.P.); (N.M.-A.)
| | - Florence Pinet
- INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, U1167 F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Fabio Martelli
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Policlinico San Donato IRCCS, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy;
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (A.S.-S.); (F.M.S.); (Y.D.)
| | - Emma Louise Robinson
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Susana Novella
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, and INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Menéndez Pelayo 4 Accesorio, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Y Chromosome Loss is a Frequent Event in Barrett's Adenocarcinoma and Associated with Poor Outcome. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071743. [PMID: 32629877 PMCID: PMC7408596 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The loss of the Y chromosome in various malignant diseases has been described previously. There are no reliable information on the actual frequency, significance and homogeneity of Y chromosome loss (LoY) in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Methods: 400 male EAC including lymph-node metastases were analyzed with commercially available Y chromosome specific fluorescence in-situ probes. The results were correlated with molecular and immunohistochemical markers and clinicopathological aspects. Results: The entire cohort (n = 400) showed a singular LoY of one chromosome arm in 1.0% (q-arm) and 2.8% (p-arm), complete LoY in 52.5%. LoY was strongly associated with shortened overall-survival (OS). Patients with preserved Y chromosome had a median OS of 58.8 months, patients with LoY an OS of 19.4 months (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed LoY as an independent prognostic marker with a hazard ratio of 1.835 (95% CI 1.233–2.725). LoY correlated with TP53 mutations (p = 0.003), KRAS amplification (p = 0.004), loss of ARID1a (p = 0.045) and presence of LAG3 (p = 0.018). Conclusions: Loss of the Y chromosome is a very common phenomenon in EAC. The LoY is heterogeneously distributed within the tumor, but corresponding lymph node metastases frequently show homogeneous LoY, indicating a selection and metastasizing advantage with poor prognosis. To date, the male predominance of EAC (7–9:1) is unclear, so genetic explanatory models are favored. The LoY in EAC may be biologically and functionally relevant and additional genomic or functional analyses are needed.
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42
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Kloc M, Ghobrial RM, Kubiak JZ. The Role of Genetic Sex and Mitochondria in Response to COVID-19 Infection. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2020; 181:629-634. [PMID: 32564017 PMCID: PMC7360490 DOI: 10.1159/000508560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The difference between the female and male immune response to COVID-19 infection, and infections in general, is multifactorial. The well-known determiners of the immune response, such as X and Y chromosomes, sex hormones, and microbiota, are functionally interconnected and influence each other in shaping the organism's immunity. We focus our commentary on the interplay between the genetic sex and mitochondria and how this may affect a sex-dependent immune response in COVID-19 infection. Realizing the existence of these interactions may help in designing novel methods or fine-tuning the existing and routine therapies to fight COVID-19 and other infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kloc
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA,
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA,
- Department of Genetics, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA,
| | - Rafik Mark Ghobrial
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jacek Z Kubiak
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (WIHE), Warsaw, Poland
- UnivRennes, UMR 6290, CNRS, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, Cell Cycle Group, Faculty of Medicine, Rennes, France
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Oertelt-Prigione S, Mariman E. The impact of sex differences on genomic research. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 124:105774. [PMID: 32470538 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sex and gender differences affect all dimensions of human health ranging from the biological basis of disease to therapeutic access, choice and response. Genomics research has long ignored the role of sex differences as potential modulators and the concept is gaining more attention only recently. In the present review we summarize the current knowledge of the impact of sex differences on genomic and epigenomic research, the potential interaction of genomics and gender and the role of these differences in disease etiopathogenesis. Sex differences can emerge from differences in the sex chromosomes themselves, from their interaction with the genome and from the influence of hormones on genomic processes. The impact of these processes on the incidence of autoimmune and oncologic disease is well documented. The growing field of systems biology, which aims at integrating information from different networks of the human body, could also greatly benefit from this approach. In the present review we summarize the current knowledge and provide recommendations for the future performance of sex-sensitive genomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Oertelt-Prigione
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Institute of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Edwin Mariman
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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44
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Empirically derived dietary-lifestyle patterns and cardiometabolic health in young men: a review. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:324-330. [PMID: 32338244 DOI: 10.1017/s002966512000693x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sex and gender are important factors that impact cardiometabolic traits. Men have lower life expectancy and higher prevalence of fatal chronic conditions at younger age. Lifestyle risk profiles in young men have been rarely studied in the context of cardiometabolic health. This review aimed to summarise the evidence regarding the patterns of dietary-lifestyle behaviours in a population of young men (age <40years) and their associations with cardiometabolic health. Overall, unfavourable clusters of health behaviours are more prominent in men, when compared to women and more prevalent in younger adults, when compared to older age groups. Early signs of cardiometabolic health abnormalities have been reported among men with higher adherence to patterns which consistently shared poor dietary habits as a common denominator, combined with stimulant use, inadequate sleep or insufficient physical activity. In the majority of studies, dietary assessment was limited to the investigation of one or two behaviours, most frequently fruit and vegetable intake. Since young men may engage in a mixture of explicit behaviours, the examination of a singular dietary habit may not represent the overall diet quality. To conclude, the data regarding the synergistic effects of a broad spectrum of dietary and lifestyle behaviours in the context of cardiometabolic health remain scarce in this population. The inclusion of a broader range of dietary and lifestyle variables into the multicomponent pattern analysis might have a greater potential in explaining the association with cardiometabolic health. Defining behavioural clusters can help to develop interventions, tailored to the specific needs of the targeted group.
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45
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Zheng Q, Ma Y, Chen S, Che Q, Chen D. The Integrated Landscape of Biological Candidate Causal Genes in Coronary Artery Disease. Front Genet 2020; 11:320. [PMID: 32373157 PMCID: PMC7186505 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified more than 150 genetic loci that demonstrate robust association with coronary artery disease (CAD). In contrast to the success of GWAS, the translation from statistical signals to biological mechanism and exploration of causal genes for drug development remain difficult, owing to the complexity of gene regulatory and linkage disequilibrium patterns. We aim to prioritize the plausible causal genes for CAD at a genome-wide level. Methods We integrated the latest GWAS summary statistics with other omics data from different layers and utilized eight different computational methods to predict CAD potential causal genes. The prioritized candidate genes were further characterized by pathway enrichment analysis, tissue-specific expression analysis, and pathway crosstalk analysis. Results Our analysis identified 55 high-confidence causal genes for CAD, among which 15 genes (LPL, COL4A2, PLG, CDKN2B, COL4A1, FES, FLT1, FN1, IL6R, LPA, PCSK9, PSRC1, SMAD3, SWAP70, and VAMP8) ranked the highest priority because of consistent evidence from different data-driven approaches. GO analysis showed that these plausible causal genes were enriched in lipid metabolic and extracellular regions. Tissue-specific enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were significantly overexpressed in adipose and liver tissues. Further, KEGG and crosstalk analysis also revealed several key pathways involved in the pathogenesis of CAD. Conclusion Our study delineated the landscape of CAD potential causal genes and highlighted several biological processes involved in CAD pathogenesis. Further studies and experimental validations of these genes may shed light on mechanistic insights into CAD development and provide potential drug targets for future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianzi Che
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dafang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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46
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Lusis AJ. Y-Chromosome Genetic Variation Associated With Atherosclerosis and Inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2201-2202. [PMID: 31644351 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, Department of Human Genetics, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles
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47
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Taleahmad S, Alikhani M, Mollamohammadi S, Yousefi M, Taei A, Hassani SN, Baharvand H, Salekdeh GH. Inhibition of Human Y Chromosome Gene, SRY, Promotes Naïve State of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:4254-4261. [PMID: 31580082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Although males and females have a variety of sexually dimorphic features related to hormonal effects, the genetic basis of dimorphism relies on early embryo development. Two pluripotent states, naïve and primed, emerge during early mammalian development. Identification of signaling pathways that induce differences between these two states can help to modulate conversion of primed cells to naïve cells. Naïve cells have a shorter doubling time and longer survival than their primed counterparts when passaged as single cells. In this study, we sought to explore the role of Y chromosome genes on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) by investigating differential expressions of the male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) genes in primed and naïve cells. Interestingly, we found that several MSY genes, including SRY, showed higher expression levels in primed compared to naïve human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We hypothesize that SRY prevents WNT/β-catenin signaling by its interaction and inhibition of β-catenin activation in the nucleus. Results of the loss-of-function approach conducted by depletion of SRY indicated increased expressions of pluripotency marker genes and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the primed cells. SRY reduction was associated with overexpression of WNT signaling target genes AXIN2, Brachury, TCF1, TBX2, and TBX3. We suggest that inhibition of SRY may result in activation of β-catenin and up-regulation of the WNT signaling pathway, both of which are important to naïve conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Taleahmad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center , Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR , Tehran 16635-148 , Iran
| | - Mehdi Alikhani
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center , Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR , Tehran 16635-148 , Iran
| | - Sepideh Mollamohammadi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center , Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR , Tehran 16635-148 , Iran
| | - Meisam Yousefi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center , Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR , Tehran 16635-148 , Iran
| | - Adeleh Taei
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center , Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR , Tehran 16635-148 , Iran
| | - Seyedeh Nafiseh Hassani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center , Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR , Tehran 16635-148 , Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center , Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR , Tehran 16635-148 , Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology , University of Science and Culture , Tehran 113145-871 , Iran
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center , Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR , Tehran 16635-148 , Iran.,Department of Molecular Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , NSW 2109 , Australia.,Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology , Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran , Karaj 313593315 , Iran
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48
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Eales JM, Maan AA, Xu X, Michoel T, Hallast P, Batini C, Zadik D, Prestes PR, Molina E, Denniff M, Schroeder J, Bjorkegren JLM, Thompson J, Maffia P, Guzik TJ, Keavney B, Jobling MA, Samani NJ, Charchar FJ, Tomaszewski M. Human Y Chromosome Exerts Pleiotropic Effects on Susceptibility to Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2386-2401. [PMID: 31644355 PMCID: PMC6818981 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. The male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) remains one of the most unexplored regions of the genome. We sought to examine how the genetic variants of the MSY influence male susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD) and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Eales
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (J.M.E., A.A.M., X.X., B.K., M.T.)
| | - Akhlaq A Maan
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (J.M.E., A.A.M., X.X., B.K., M.T.)
| | - Xiaoguang Xu
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (J.M.E., A.A.M., X.X., B.K., M.T.)
| | - Tom Michoel
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (T.M.).,Computational Biology Unit and Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Norway (T.M.)
| | - Pille Hallast
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia (P.H.)
| | - Chiara Batini
- Department of Health Sciences (C.B., J.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Zadik
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology (D.Z., M.A.J.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Priscilla R Prestes
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria (P.R.P., E.M., F.J.C.)
| | - Elsa Molina
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria (P.R.P., E.M., F.J.C.)
| | - Matthew Denniff
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.D., N.J.S., F.J.C.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Juliane Schroeder
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (J.S., P.M.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (J.S., P.M., T.J.G.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Johan L M Bjorkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.L.M.B.)
| | - John Thompson
- Department of Health Sciences (C.B., J.T.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (J.S., P.M.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (J.S., P.M., T.J.G.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Italy (P.M.)
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (J.S., P.M., T.J.G.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Kraków, Poland (T.J.G.)
| | - Bernard Keavney
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (J.M.E., A.A.M., X.X., B.K., M.T.).,Division of Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, United Kingdom (B.K., M.T.)
| | - Mark A Jobling
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology (D.Z., M.A.J.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.D., N.J.S., F.J.C.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom (N.J.S.)
| | - Fadi J Charchar
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (M.D., N.J.S., F.J.C.), University of Leicester, United Kingdom.,School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria (P.R.P., E.M., F.J.C.).,Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (F.J.C.)
| | - Maciej Tomaszewski
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (J.M.E., A.A.M., X.X., B.K., M.T.).,Division of Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, United Kingdom (B.K., M.T.)
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49
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Anderson K, Cañadas-Garre M, Chambers R, Maxwell AP, McKnight AJ. The Challenges of Chromosome Y Analysis and the Implications for Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Genet 2019; 10:781. [PMID: 31552093 PMCID: PMC6737325 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of chromosome Y in chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unknown, as chromosome Y is typically excluded from genetic analysis in CKD. The complex, sex-specific presentation of CKD could be influenced by chromosome Y genetic variation, but there is limited published research available to confirm or reject this hypothesis. Although traditionally thought to be associated with male-specific disease, evidence linking chromosome Y genetic variation to common complex disorders highlights a potential gap in CKD research. Chromosome Y variation has been associated with cardiovascular disease, a condition closely linked to CKD and one with a very similar sexual dimorphism. Relatively few sources of genetic variation in chromosome Y have been examined in CKD. The association between chromosome Y aneuploidy and CKD has never been explored comprehensively, while analyses of microdeletions, copy number variation, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms in CKD have been largely limited to the autosomes or chromosome X. In many studies, it is unclear whether the analyses excluded chromosome Y or simply did not report negative results. Lack of imputation, poor cross-study comparability, and requirement for separate or additional analyses in comparison with autosomal chromosomes means that chromosome Y is under-investigated in the context of CKD. Limitations in genotyping arrays could be overcome through use of whole-chromosome sequencing of chromosome Y that may allow analysis of many different types of genetic variation across the chromosome to determine if chromosome Y genetic variation is associated with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Anderson
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, c/o Regional Genetics Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Marisa Cañadas-Garre
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, c/o Regional Genetics Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Robyn Chambers
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, c/o Regional Genetics Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Peter Maxwell
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, c/o Regional Genetics Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Regional Nephrology Unit, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Jayne McKnight
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, c/o Regional Genetics Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
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50
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Kuzmanovska M, Noveski P, Terzic M, Plaseski T, Kubelka-Sabit K, Filipovski V, Lazarevski S, Sukarova Stefanovska E, Plaseska-Karanfilska D. Y-chromosome haplogroup architecture confers susceptibility to azoospermia factor c microrearrangements: a retrospective study. Croat Med J 2019. [PMID: 31187956 PMCID: PMC6563173 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2019.60.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To assess the association between azoospermia factor c microrearrangements and semen quality, and between Y-chromosome background with distinct azoospermia factor c microrearrangements and semen quality impairment. Methods This retrospective study, carried out in the Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology “Georgi D. Efremov,” involved 486 men from different ethnic backgrounds referred for couple infertility from 2002-2017: 338 were azoospermic/oligozoospermic and 148 were normozoospermic. The azoospermia factor c microrearrangements were analyzed with sequence tagged site and sequence family variant markers, quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction, and multiplex ligation probe amplification analysis. The Y-haplogroups of all participants were determined with direct single nucleotide polymorphism typing and indirect prediction with short tandem repeat markers. Results Our participants had two types of microdeletions: gr/gr and b2/b3; three microduplications: b2/b4, gr/gr, and b2/b3; and one complex rearrangement gr/gr deletion + b2/b4 duplication. Impaired semen quality was not associated with microrearrangements, but b2/b4 and gr/gr duplications were significantly associated with haplogroup R1a (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively) and b2/b3 deletions with haplogroup E (P = 0.005). There were significantly more b2/b4 duplication carriers in Albanians than in Macedonians with haplogroup R1a (P = 0.031). Conclusion Even though azoospermia factor c partial deletions/duplications and Y-haplogroups were not associated with impaired semen quality, specific deletions/duplications were significantly associated with distinct haplogroups, implying that the Y chromosome background may confer susceptibility to azoospermia factor c microrearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dijana Plaseska-Karanfilska
- Dijana Plaseska-Karanfilska, Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D. Efremov", Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Krste Misirkov 2, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia,
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