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Tong Jia Ming S, Tan Yi Jun K, Carissimo G. Pathogenicity and virulence of O'nyong-nyong virus: A less studied Togaviridae with pandemic potential. Virulence 2024; 15:2355201. [PMID: 38797948 PMCID: PMC11135837 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2355201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
O'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV) is a neglected mosquito-borne alphavirus belonging to the Togaviridae family. ONNV is known to be responsible for sporadic outbreaks of acute febrile disease and polyarthralgia in Africa. As climate change increases the geographical range of known and potential new vectors, recent data indicate a possibility for ONNV to spread outside of the African continent and grow into a greater public health concern. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge on ONNV epidemiology, host-pathogen interactions, vector-virus responses, and insights into possible avenues to control risk of further epidemics. In this review, the limited ONNV literature is compared and correlated to other findings on mainly Old World alphaviruses. We highlight and discuss studies that investigate viral and host factors that determine viral-vector specificity, along with important mechanisms that determine severity and disease outcome of ONNV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Tong Jia Ming
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Katrina Tan Yi Jun
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Carissimo
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore, Singapore
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2
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Ly H. Ixchiq (VLA1553): The first FDA-approved vaccine to prevent disease caused by Chikungunya virus infection. Virulence 2024; 15:2301573. [PMID: 38217381 PMCID: PMC10793683 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2301573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin, MN, USA
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3
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Freppel W, Silva LA, Stapleford KA, Herrero LJ. Pathogenicity and virulence of chikungunya virus. Virulence 2024; 15:2396484. [PMID: 39193780 PMCID: PMC11370967 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2396484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted, RNA virus that causes an often-severe musculoskeletal illness characterized by fever, joint pain, and a range of debilitating symptoms. The virus has re-emerged as a global health threat in recent decades, spreading from its origin in Africa across Asia and the Americas, leading to widespread outbreaks impacting millions of people. Despite more than 50 years of research into the pathogenesis of CHIKV, there is still no curative treatment available. Current management of CHIKV infections primarily involves providing supportive care to alleviate symptoms and improve the patient's quality of life. Given the ongoing threat of CHIKV, there is an urgent need to better understand its pathogenesis. This understanding is crucial for deciphering the mechanisms underlying the disease and for developing effective strategies for both prevention and management. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of CHIKV and its pathogenesis, shedding light on the complex interactions of viral genetics, host factors, immune responses, and vector-related factors. By exploring these intricate connections, the review seeks to contribute to the knowledge base surrounding CHIKV, offering insights that may ultimately lead to more effective prevention and management strategies for this re-emerging global health threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Freppel
- Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Laurie A. Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Stapleford
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lara J. Herrero
- Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
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4
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Martins DOS, Ruiz UEA, Santos IA, Oliveira IS, Guevara-Vega M, de Paiva REF, Abbehausen C, Sabino-Silva R, Corbi PP, Jardim ACG. Exploring the antiviral activities of the FDA-approved drug sulfadoxine and its derivatives against Chikungunya virus. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:1147-1159. [PMID: 39150661 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00635-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is no antiviral licensed to treat chikungunya fever, a disease caused by the infection with Alphavirus chikungunya (CHIKV). Treatment is based on analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs to relieve symptoms. Our study aimed to evaluate the antiviral activity of sulfadoxine (SFX), an FDA-approved drug, and its derivatives complexed with silver(I) (AgSFX), salicylaldehyde Schiff base (SFX-SL), and with both Ag and SL (AgSFX-SL) against CHIKV. METHODS The anti-CHIKV activity of SFX and its derivatives was investigated using BHK-21 cells infected with CHIKV-nanoluc, a marker virus-carrying nanoluciferase reporter. Dose-response and time of drug-addition assays were performed in order to assess the antiviral effects of the compounds, as well as in silico data and ATR-FTIR analysis for insights on their mechanisms of action. RESULTS The SFX inhibited 34% of CHIKV replication, while AgSFX, SFX-SL, and AgSFX-SL enhanced anti-CHIKV activity to 84%, 89%, and 95%, respectively. AgSFX, SFX-SL, and AgSFX-SL significantly decreased viral entry and post-entry to host cells, and the latter also protected cells against infection. Additionally, molecular docking calculations and ATR-FTIR analysis demonstrated interactions of SFX-SL, AgSFX, and AgSFX-SL with CHIKV. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings suggest that the addition of metal ions and/or Schiff base to SFX improved its antiviral activity against CHIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Oliveira Silva Martins
- Institute of Biomedical Science - ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Avenida Amazonas, 4C- Room 216, Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, CEP: 38405-302, Brazil
- Institute of Bioscience, Language and Exact Sciences - IBILCE, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Uriel Enrique Aquino Ruiz
- Institute of Biomedical Science - ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Avenida Amazonas, 4C- Room 216, Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, CEP: 38405-302, Brazil
| | - Igor Andrade Santos
- Institute of Biomedical Science - ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Avenida Amazonas, 4C- Room 216, Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, CEP: 38405-302, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Guevara-Vega
- Institute of Biomedical Science - ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Avenida Amazonas, 4C- Room 216, Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, CEP: 38405-302, Brazil
| | | | - Camilla Abbehausen
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Robinson Sabino-Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Science - ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Avenida Amazonas, 4C- Room 216, Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, CEP: 38405-302, Brazil
| | - Pedro Paulo Corbi
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Gomes Jardim
- Institute of Biomedical Science - ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Avenida Amazonas, 4C- Room 216, Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, CEP: 38405-302, Brazil.
- Institute of Bioscience, Language and Exact Sciences - IBILCE, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
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5
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Freedman DO, Wilder-Smith AB, Wilder-Smith A. First immunogenicity and safety data on live chikungunya vaccine in an endemic area. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024:S1473-3099(24)00510-3. [PMID: 39243791 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annelies Wilder-Smith
- Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
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Buerger V, Hadl S, Schneider M, Schaden M, Hochreiter R, Bitzer A, Kosulin K, Mader R, Zoihsl O, Pfeiffer A, Loch AP, Morandi E, Nogueira ML, de Brito CAA, Croda J, Teixeira MM, Coelho ICB, Gurgel R, da Fonseca AJ, de Lacerda MVG, Moreira ED, Veiga APR, Dubischar K, Wressnigg N, Eder-Lingelbach S, Jaramillo JC. Safety and immunogenicity of a live-attenuated chikungunya virus vaccine in endemic areas of Brazil: interim results of a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial in adolescents. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024:S1473-3099(24)00458-4. [PMID: 39243794 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikungunya outbreaks have been reported in Brazil since 2014. Adolescents are a sensitive population who would benefit from a prophylactic vaccine. This study assessed the immunogenicity and safety of the vaccine VLA1553 in adolescents in Brazil. With an overall trial duration of 12 months, we now report data on safety and immunogenicity over a period of 28 days after vaccination. METHODS In this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial, adolescents aged 12 to <18 years were recruited. The trial was performed at ten trial sites across Brazil. Eligible participants were generally healthy. The main exclusion criteria comprised immune-mediated or chronic arthritis or arthralgia, a known or suspected defect of the immune system, or any live vaccine received within the 4 weeks before trial vaccination. Randomisation was stratified by baseline serostatus in a 2:1 ratio to receive VLA1553 (at a dose of 1 × 104 TCID50 per 0·5 mL [ie, 50% tissue culture infectious dose]) or placebo. VLA1553 or placebo was administered intramuscularly as a single-dose immunisation on day 1. The primary endpoint was the proportion of baseline seronegative participants with chikungunya virus neutralising antibody levels of 150 or more in μPRNT50 (a micro plaque reduction neutralisation test), which was considered a surrogate of protection. The safety analysis included all participants receiving a trial vaccination. Immunogenicity analyses were performed in a subset. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04650399. FINDINGS Between Feb 14, 2022, and March 14, 2023, 754 participants received a trial vaccination (502 received VLA1553 and 252 received placebo) with a per-protocol population of 351 participants for immunogenicity analyses (303 in the VLA1553 group and 48 in the placebo group). In participants who were seronegative at baseline, VLA1553 induced seroprotective chikungunya virus neutralising antibody levels in 247 of 250 (98·8%, 95% CI 96·5-99·8) participants 28 days after vaccination. In seropositive participants, the baseline seroprotection rate of 96·2% increased to 100% after vaccination with VLA1553. Most (365 [93%] of 393) adverse events were of mild or moderate intensity, VLA1553 was generally well tolerated. When compared with placebo, participants exposed to VLA1553 had a significantly higher frequency of related adverse events (351 [69·9%] of 502 vs 121 [48·0%] of 252; p<0·0001), mostly headache, myalgia, fatigue, and fever. Among four reported serious adverse events (three in the VLA1553 group and one in the placebo group), one was classified as possibly related to VLA1553: a high-grade fever. Among 20 adverse events of special interest (ie, symptoms suggesting chikungunya-like disease), 16 were classified as related to trial vaccination (15 in the VLA1553 group and one in the placebo group), with severe symptoms reported in four participants (fever, headache, or arthralgia). 17 adverse events of special interest resolved within 1 week. Among 85 participants with arthralgia (68 in the VLA1553 group and 17 in the placebo group), eight adolescents had short-lived (range 1-5 days), mostly mild recurring episodes (seven in the VLA1553 group and one in the placebo group). The median duration of arthralgia was 1 day (range 1-5 days). The frequency of injection site adverse events for VLA1553 was higher than in the placebo group (161 [32%] vs 62 [25%]), but rarely severe (two [<1%] in the VLA1553 group and one [<1%] in the placebo group). After administration of VLA1553, there was a significantly lower frequency of solicited adverse events in participants who were seropositive at baseline compared with those who were seronegative (53% vs 74%; p<0·0001) including headache, fatigue, fever, and arthralgia. INTERPRETATION VLA1553 was generally safe and induced seroprotective titres in almost all vaccinated adolescents with favourable safety data in adolescents who were seropositive at baseline. The data support the use of VLA1553 for the prevention of disease caused by the chikungunya virus among adolescents and in endemic areas. FUNDING Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovation and EU Horizon 2020. TRANSLATION For the Portuguese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mauricio Lacerda Nogueira
- Faculdade de Medicina Sao Jose Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Julio Croda
- Centro de Pesquisa Clínica da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos (CPDF)-Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Gurgel
- Centro de Pesquisas Clinicas Universidade Federal Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edson Duarte Moreira
- Centro de Pesquisa Clínica - CPEC da Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce, Bahia, Brazil
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7
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Castro EF, Álvarez DE. New Highly Selective Antivirals for Chikungunya Virus identified from the Screening of a Drug-Like Compound Library. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:343. [PMID: 39227496 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03874-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Chikungunya fever is a mosquito-borne disease caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Treatment of CHIKV infections is currently supportive and does not limit viral replication or symptoms of persistent chronic arthritis. Although there are multiple compounds reported as antivirals active against CHIKV in vitro, there are still no effective and safe antivirals. Thus, active research aims at the identification of new chemical structures with antiviral activity. Here, we report the screen of the Pandemic Response Box library of small molecules against a fully infectious CHIKV reporter virus. Our screening approach successfully identified previously reported CHIKV antiviral compounds within this library and further expanded potentially active hits, supporting the use of reporter-virus-based assays in high-throughput screening format as a reliable tool for antiviral drug discovery. Four molecules were identified as potential drug candidates against CHIKV: MMV1634402 (Brilacidin) and MMV102270 (Diphyllin), which were previously shown to present broad-spectrum antiviral activities, in addition to MMV1578574 (Eravacycline), and the antifungal MMV689401 (Fluopicolide), for which their antiviral potential is uncovered here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana F Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Diego E Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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8
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Baylis SA, Knezevic I, Almond NM. Harmonising the measurement of neutralising antibodies against chikungunya virus: a path forward for licensing of new vaccines? THE LANCET. MICROBE 2024; 5:100874. [PMID: 38761815 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(24)00097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Neil M Almond
- Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, South Mimms, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
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Rawle DJ, Hugo LE, Cox AL, Devine GJ, Suhrbier A. Generating prophylactic immunity against arboviruses in vertebrates and invertebrates. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:621-636. [PMID: 38570719 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The World Health Organization recently declared a global initiative to control arboviral diseases. These are mainly caused by pathogenic flaviviruses (such as dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses) and alphaviruses (such as chikungunya and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses). Vaccines represent key interventions for these viruses, with licensed human and/or veterinary vaccines being available for several members of both genera. However, a hurdle for the licensing of new vaccines is the epidemic nature of many arboviruses, which presents logistical challenges for phase III efficacy trials. Furthermore, our ability to predict or measure the post-vaccination immune responses that are sufficient for subclinical outcomes post-infection is limited. Given that arboviruses are also subject to control by the immune system of their insect vectors, several approaches are now emerging that aim to augment antiviral immunity in mosquitoes, including Wolbachia infection, transgenic mosquitoes, insect-specific viruses and paratransgenesis. In this Review, we discuss recent advances, current challenges and future prospects in exploiting both vertebrate and invertebrate immune systems for the control of flaviviral and alphaviral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Rawle
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leon E Hugo
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Abigail L Cox
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregor J Devine
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- GVN Centre of Excellence, Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- GVN Centre of Excellence, Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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10
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Marques ETA, Dhalia R. Chikungunya vaccine VLA1553 induces sustained protective antibody concentrations. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024:S1473-3099(24)00432-8. [PMID: 39146947 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00432-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto T A Marques
- Department of Virology and Experimental Therapeutics, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 1526 PA, USA.
| | - Rafael Dhalia
- Department of Virology and Experimental Therapeutics, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil
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11
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McMahon R, Toepfer S, Sattler N, Schneider M, Narciso-Abraham M, Hadl S, Hochreiter R, Kosulin K, Mader R, Zoihsl O, Wressnigg N, Dubischar K, Buerger V, Eder-Lingelbach S, Jaramillo JC. Antibody persistence and safety of a live-attenuated chikungunya virus vaccine up to 2 years after single-dose administration in adults in the USA: a single-arm, multicentre, phase 3b study. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024:S1473-3099(24)00357-8. [PMID: 39146946 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00357-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikungunya virus infection can lead to long-term debilitating symptoms. A precursor phase 3 clinical study showed high seroprotection (defined as a 50% plaque reduction of chikungunya virus-specific neutralising antibodies on a micro plaque reduction neutralisation test [μPRNT] titre of ≥150 in baseline seronegative participants) up to 6 months after a single vaccination of the chikungunya virus vaccine VLA1553 (Valneva Austria, Vienna, Austria) and a good safety profile. Here we report antibody persistence and safety up to 2 years. METHODS In this single-arm, multicentre, phase 3b study, we recruited participants from the precursor phase 3 trial from professional vaccine trial sites in the USA. Participants (aged ≥18 years) were eligible if they had completed the previous study and received VLA1553. Chikungunya virus-specific neutralising antibodies were evaluated at 28 days, 6 months, and 1 year and 2 years after vaccination. The primary outcome was the proportion of seroprotected participants (ie, μPRNT50 titre of ≥150) at 1 and 2 years, assessed in all eligible participants who had at least one post-vaccination immunogenicity sample available, overall and by age group at the time of vaccination (18-64 years and ≥65 years). Adverse events of special interest at the time of transition from the previous study to the current study (ie, at 6 months) and serious adverse events during the current study were recorded (ie, between 6 months and 2 years). All analyses were descriptive. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04838444, and immunogenicity follow-up is ongoing. FINDINGS In the precursor study, participants were screened between Sept 17, 2020, and April 10, 2021; data cutoff for this analysis was March 31, 2023. Of 2724 participants in the precursor study who received one dose of VLA1553, 363 participants were analysed in this study (310 [85%] aged 18-64 years and 53 [15%] aged ≥65 years at enrolment in the precursor study; mean age 47·7 years [SD 14·2], 207 [57%] of 363 participants were female, 156 [43%] were male, 280 [77%] were White, and 314 [87%] were not Hispanic or Latino). Strong seroprotection was observed at 1 year (98·9% [356 of 360 assessable participants; 97·2-99·7]) and 2 years (96·8% [306 of 316; 94·3-98·5]) after vaccination, and was very similar between those aged 18-64 years (at 1 year: 98·7% [303 of 307; 96·7-99·6]; at 2 years: 96·6% [256 of 265; 93·7-98·4]) and those aged 65 years and older (at 1 year: 100% [53 of 53; 93·3-100]; at 2 years: 98·0% [50 of 51; 89·6-100]) at each timepoint. No adverse events of special interest were ongoing at the time of transition. Ten serious adverse events occurred in nine (2%) participants between the 6-month and 2-year timepoints, including one death (due to drug overdose) that was determined to not be related to VLA1553. INTERPRETATION After a single VLA1553 vaccination, chikungunya virus-neutralising antibodies above the threshold considered to be protective persisted up to 2 years and there were no long-term serious adverse events related to vaccination. VLA1553 is an efficient and safe intervention that offers high seroprotection against chikungunya virus infection, a virus likely to spread globally with an urgent demand for long-lasting prophylaxis. FUNDING Valneva Austria, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovation, and EU Horizon 2020.
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12
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Weber WC, Streblow ZJ, Kreklywich CN, Denton M, Sulgey G, Streblow MM, Marcano D, Flores PN, Rodriguez-Santiago RM, Alvarado LI, Rivera-Amill V, Messer WB, Hochreiter R, Kosulin K, Dubischar K, Buerger V, Streblow DN. The Approved Live-Attenuated Chikungunya Virus Vaccine (IXCHIQ ®) Elicits Cross-Neutralizing Antibody Breadth Extending to Multiple Arthritogenic Alphaviruses Similar to the Antibody Breadth Following Natural Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:893. [PMID: 39204019 PMCID: PMC11359099 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12080893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The first vaccine against chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was recently licensed in the U.S., Europe, and Canada (brand IXCHIQ®, referred to as VLA1553). Other pathogenic alphaviruses co-circulate with CHIKV and major questions remain regarding the potential of IXCHIQ to confer cross-protection for populations that are exposed to them. Here, we characterized the cross-neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses against heterotypic CHIKV and additional arthritogenic alphaviruses in individuals at one month, six months, and one year post-IXCHIQ vaccination. We characterized nAbs against CHIKV strains LR2006, 181/25, and a 2021 isolate from Tocantins, Brazil, as well as O'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV), Mayaro virus (MAYV), and Ross River virus (RRV). IXCHIQ elicited 100% seroconversion to each virus, with the exception of RRV at 83.3% seroconversion of vaccinees, and cross-neutralizing antibody potency decreased with increasing genetic distance from CHIKV. We compared vaccinee responses to cross-nAbs elicited by natural CHIKV infection in individuals living in the endemic setting of Puerto Rico at 8-9 years post-infection. These data suggest that IXCHIQ efficiently and potently elicits cross-nAb breadth that extends to related alphaviruses in a manner similar to natural CHIKV infection, which may have important implications for individuals that are susceptible to alphavirus co-circulation in regions of potential vaccine rollout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney C. Weber
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; (W.C.W.); (Z.J.S.); (C.N.K.); (M.D.); (G.S.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Zachary J. Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; (W.C.W.); (Z.J.S.); (C.N.K.); (M.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Craig N. Kreklywich
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; (W.C.W.); (Z.J.S.); (C.N.K.); (M.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Michael Denton
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; (W.C.W.); (Z.J.S.); (C.N.K.); (M.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Gauthami Sulgey
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; (W.C.W.); (Z.J.S.); (C.N.K.); (M.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Magdalene M. Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; (W.C.W.); (Z.J.S.); (C.N.K.); (M.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Dorca Marcano
- Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce 00716, Puerto Rico; (D.M.); (P.N.F.); (R.M.R.-S.); (L.I.A.); (V.R.-A.)
| | - Paola N. Flores
- Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce 00716, Puerto Rico; (D.M.); (P.N.F.); (R.M.R.-S.); (L.I.A.); (V.R.-A.)
| | - Rachel M. Rodriguez-Santiago
- Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce 00716, Puerto Rico; (D.M.); (P.N.F.); (R.M.R.-S.); (L.I.A.); (V.R.-A.)
| | - Luisa I. Alvarado
- Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce 00716, Puerto Rico; (D.M.); (P.N.F.); (R.M.R.-S.); (L.I.A.); (V.R.-A.)
| | - Vanessa Rivera-Amill
- Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce 00716, Puerto Rico; (D.M.); (P.N.F.); (R.M.R.-S.); (L.I.A.); (V.R.-A.)
| | - William B. Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Romana Hochreiter
- Valneva Austria GmbH, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (R.H.); (K.K.); (K.D.); (V.B.)
| | - Karin Kosulin
- Valneva Austria GmbH, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (R.H.); (K.K.); (K.D.); (V.B.)
| | - Katrin Dubischar
- Valneva Austria GmbH, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (R.H.); (K.K.); (K.D.); (V.B.)
| | - Vera Buerger
- Valneva Austria GmbH, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (R.H.); (K.K.); (K.D.); (V.B.)
| | - Daniel N. Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; (W.C.W.); (Z.J.S.); (C.N.K.); (M.D.); (G.S.)
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
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13
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Garnica M, Ramos JF, Machado CM. Endemic viral infections in immunocompromised hosts: Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2024; 37:238-244. [PMID: 38842472 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000001026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Arbovirus infections are a challenge for immunocompromised hosts who travel to or live in endemic regions or who receive organs or tissues from donors who travel or live in such areas. This review addresses Dengue (DENV), Chikungunya (CHIKV), and Zika (ZIKV) infections in hematological patients, hematopoietic cell or solid organ transplant recipients, and people with HIV (PWH). RECENT FINDINGS Transmission is mainly due through Aedes mosquito bite. DENV and ZIKV may also be transmitted through blood, tissues or donor grafts. Clinical manifestations are quite similar and diagnosis requires laboratory confirmation to provide appropriate management. The best diagnostic method is PCR since serology may present false negative results in immunocompromised patients, or cross-reactivity as in the case of DENV and ZIKV. There is no specific treatment for any of these infections. SUMMARY Educational and preventive measures are the best strategy: vector control, knowledge of the vector's habits, protection against mosquito bites, avoiding travel to endemic areas or with a current epidemic, and avoiding nonvector transmission according to local recommendations for donor deferral. Vaccination, currently only available for DENV, has not yet been studied in immunocompromised patients and is not currently recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Garnica
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Complexo Hospitalar de Niteroi (CHN-DASA), Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro
| | | | - Clarisse Martins Machado
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sun K, Appadoo F, Liu Y, Müller M, Macfarlane C, Harris M, Tuplin A. A novel interaction between the 5' untranslated region of the Chikungunya virus genome and Musashi RNA binding protein is essential for efficient virus genome replication. Nucleic Acids Res 2024:gkae619. [PMID: 39087525 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging, pathogenic alphavirus that is transmitted to humans by Aedesspp. mosquitoes-causing fever and debilitating joint pain, with frequent long-term health implications and high morbidity. The CHIKV replication cycle is poorly understood and specific antiviral therapeutics are lacking. In the current study, we identify host cell Musashi RNA binding protein-2 (MSI-2) as a proviral factor. MSI-2 depletion and small molecule inhibition assays demonstrated that MSI-2 is required for efficient CHIKV genome replication. Depletion of both MSI-2 and MSI-1 homologues was found to synergistically inhibit CHIKV replication, suggesting redundancy in their proviral function. Electromobility shift assay (EMSA) competition studies demonstrated that MSI-2 interacts specifically with an RNA binding motif within the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of CHIKV and reverse genetic analysis showed that mutation of the binding motif inhibited genome replication and blocked rescue of mutant virus. For the first time, this study identifies the proviral role of MSI RNA binding proteins in the replication of the CHIKV genome, providing important new insight into mechanisms controlling replication of this significant human pathogen and the potential of a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Sun
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Francesca Appadoo
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Yuqian Liu
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Marietta Müller
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Catriona Macfarlane
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mark Harris
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andrew Tuplin
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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15
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Shaikh MS, Faiyazuddin M, Khan MS, Pathan SK, Syed IJ, Gholap AD, Akhtar MS, Sah R, Mehta R, Sah S, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Luna C, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. Chikungunya virus vaccine: a decade of progress solving epidemiological dilemma, emerging concepts, and immunological interventions. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1413250. [PMID: 39104592 PMCID: PMC11298817 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1413250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a single-stranded RNA virus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, poses a significant global health threat, with severe complications observed in vulnerable populations. The only licensed vaccine, IXCHIQ, approved by the US FDA, is insufficient to address the growing disease burden, particularly in endemic regions lacking herd immunity. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), explicitly targeting structural proteins E1/E2, demonstrate promise in passive transfer studies, with mouse and human-derived mAbs showing protective efficacy. This article explores various vaccine candidates, including live attenuated, killed, nucleic acid-based (DNA/RNA), virus-like particle, chimeric, subunit, and adenovirus vectored vaccines. RNA vaccines have emerged as promising candidates due to their rapid response capabilities and enhanced safety profile. This review underscores the importance of the E1 and E2 proteins as immunogens, emphasizing their antigenic potential. Several vaccine candidates, such as CHIKV/IRES, measles vector (MV-CHIK), synthetic DNA-encoded antibodies, and mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccines, demonstrate encouraging preclinical and clinical results. In addition to identifying potential molecular targets for antiviral therapy, the study looks into the roles played by Toll-like receptors, RIG-I, and NOD-like receptors in the immune response to CHIKV. It also offers insights into novel tactics and promising vaccine candidates. This article discusses potential antiviral targets, the significance of E1 and E2 proteins, monoclonal antibodies, and RNA vaccines as prospective Chikungunya virus vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md. Faiyazuddin
- School of Pharmacy, Al – Karim University, Katihar, India
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Shahbaz K. Pathan
- Medmecs Medical Coding & Billing Services, Universal Business Park, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Imran J. Syed
- Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
- SBSPM’s B. Pharmacy College, Beed, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol D. Gholap
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohammad Shabib Akhtar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Green City Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Dr. DY Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rachana Mehta
- Dr Lal PathLabs Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, AL-Mustaqbal University, Hillah, Babil, Iraq
- Clinical Microbiology, School of Dental Science, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | | | | | - Camila Luna
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas-Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Pereira, Colombia
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
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16
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Loaiza-Cano V, Hernández-Mira E, Pastrana-Restrepo M, Galeano E, Pardo-Rodriguez D, Martinez-Gutierrez M. The Mechanism of Action of L-Tyrosine Derivatives against Chikungunya Virus Infection In Vitro Depends on Structural Changes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7972. [PMID: 39063216 PMCID: PMC11277544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the disease caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is of great interest to public health organizations around the world, there are still no authorized antivirals for its treatment. Previously, dihalogenated anti-CHIKV compounds derived from L-tyrosine (dH-Y) were identified as being effective against in vitro infection by this virus, so the objective of this study was to determine the mechanisms of its antiviral action. Six dH-Y compounds (C1 to C6) dihalogenated with bromine or chlorine and modified in their amino groups were evaluated by different in vitro antiviral strategies and in silico tools. When the cells were exposed before infection, all compounds decreased the expression of viral proteins; only C4, C5 and C6 inhibited the genome; and C1, C2 and C3 inhibited infectious viral particles (IVPs). Furthermore, C1 and C3 reduce adhesion, while C2 and C3 reduce internalization, which could be related to the in silico interaction with the fusion peptide of the E1 viral protein. Only C3, C4, C5 and C6 inhibited IVPs when the cells were exposed after infection, and their effect occurred in late stages after viral translation and replication, such as assembly, and not during budding. In summary, the structural changes of these compounds determine their mechanism of action. Additionally, C3 was the only compound that inhibited CHIKV infection at different stages of the replicative cycle, making it a compound of interest for conversion as a potential drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Loaiza-Cano
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales-GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia; (V.L.-C.); (E.H.-M.)
| | - Estiven Hernández-Mira
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales-GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia; (V.L.-C.); (E.H.-M.)
| | - Manuel Pastrana-Restrepo
- Grupo de Investigación en Productos Naturales Marinos, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia; (M.P.-R.); (E.G.)
| | - Elkin Galeano
- Grupo de Investigación en Productos Naturales Marinos, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia; (M.P.-R.); (E.G.)
| | - Daniel Pardo-Rodriguez
- Metabolomics Core Facility—MetCore, Vice-Presidency for Research, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota 111711, Colombia;
| | - Marlen Martinez-Gutierrez
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales-GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia; (V.L.-C.); (E.H.-M.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología Básica y Aplicada (MICROBA), Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
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17
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de La Roque DGL, Santos EV, Policastro LR, da Costa PNM, Evaristo M, Yamamoto AY, Giomo DB, Torres PMA, Gentil DCD, Minto ECM, Slavov SN, Fonseca V, Dos Santos Barros CR, Martins AJ, Calado RT, Passos LMR, Elias MC, Sampaio SC, Giovanetti M, Covas DT, Alcântara LCJ, Kashima S. Exploring the Chikungunya virus landscape in a dengue-endemic Brazilian area. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:102442. [PMID: 38820892 PMCID: PMC11187577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to describe the landscape, including molecular, epidemiological, and clinical aspects of CHIKV infections in the Ribeirao Preto region, an area endemic to dengue. We randomly screened 3744 plasma samples that had undergone DENV diagnosis to evaluate CHIKV-RNA using an in-house RT-PCR assay. Positive samples were followed clinically, and RNA samples were submitted to whole genome sequencing. Seventeen cases (0.5 %) were positive for CHIKV-RNA despite being negative for DENV-RNA. Notably, half of the patients experienced prolonged arthralgia lasting more than 90 days. Compared with the healthy control group, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in all CHIKV-positive individuals with statistically significant P values (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0003, respectively). The genomic analysis revealed that the CHIKV strains being studied are classified within the East-Central-South-African (ECSA) genotype. This analysis identified new mutations, E1: K211E and E2: V264A, while the previously known mutation E1: A226V was not detected among these strains. This study highlights the need for epidemiological surveillance and preparedness for potential CHIKV epidemics in Brazil, particularly where other arboviruses co-circulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Glenda Lima de La Roque
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lucca Rocha Policastro
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mariane Evaristo
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Bergamaschi Giomo
- Divisão de Vigilância Epidemiológica/Departamento de Vigilância em Saúde, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Vagner Fonseca
- Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO)/World Health Organization (WHO), USA
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Tocantins Calado
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marta Giovanetti
- Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, University of Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy; Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Climate Amplified Diseases and Epidemics (CLIMADE), Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Júnior Alcântara
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Climate Amplified Diseases and Epidemics (CLIMADE), Brazil
| | - Simone Kashima
- Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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18
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Krambrich J, Mihalič F, Gaunt MW, Bohlin J, Hesson JC, Lundkvist Å, de Lamballerie X, Li C, Shi W, Pettersson JHO. The evolutionary and molecular history of a chikungunya virus outbreak lineage. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012349. [PMID: 39058744 PMCID: PMC11305590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2018-2019, Thailand experienced a nationwide spread of chikungunya virus (CHIKV), with approximately 15,000 confirmed cases of disease reported. Here, we investigated the evolutionary and molecular history of the East/Central/South African (ECSA) genotype to determine the origins of the 2018-2019 CHIKV outbreak in Thailand. This was done using newly sequenced clinical samples from travellers returning to Sweden from Thailand in late 2018 and early 2019 and previously published genome sequences. Our phylogeographic analysis showed that before the outbreak in Thailand, the Indian Ocean lineage (IOL) found within the ESCA, had evolved and circulated in East Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia for about 15 years. In the first half of 2017, an introduction occurred into Thailand from another South Asian country, most likely Bangladesh, which subsequently developed into a large outbreak in Thailand with export to neighbouring countries. Based on comparative phylogenetic analyses of the complete CHIKV genome and protein modelling, we identified several mutations in the E1/E2 spike complex, such as E1 K211E and E2 V264A, which are highly relevant as they may lead to changes in vector competence, transmission efficiency and pathogenicity of the virus. A number of mutations (E2 G205S, Nsp3 D372E, Nsp2 V793A), that emerged shortly before the outbreak of the virus in Thailand in 2018 may have altered antibody binding and recognition due to their position. This study not only improves our understanding of the factors contributing to the epidemic in Southeast Asia, but also has implications for the development of effective response strategies and the potential development of new vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Krambrich
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Filip Mihalič
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Jon Bohlin
- Infectious Disease Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jenny C. Hesson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Biologisk Myggkontroll, Nedre Dalälvens Utvecklings AB, Gysinge, Sweden
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE), Aix-Marseille University—IRD 190—Inserm 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Cixiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Virology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - John H.-O. Pettersson
- Department of Medical Science, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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19
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Irfan H, Ahmed A. Advancements in chikungunya virus management: FDA approval of ixchiq vaccine and global perspectives. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2183. [PMID: 38912367 PMCID: PMC11192840 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Irfan
- Department of MedicineShaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Medical and Dental CollegeLahorePakistan
| | - Aliza Ahmed
- Department of MedicineJinnah Sindh Medical UniversityKarachiPakistan
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20
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Gaviria-Agudelo C, Yonts AB, Kimberlin DW, Campbell JD, Paulsen GC, O'Leary ST. February 2024 ACIP Meeting Update: Meningococcal, RSV, COVID-19, and Other Vaccines. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2024066653. [PMID: 38548682 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2024-066653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, a group of medical and public health experts that provides advice to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, normally meets 3 times per year to develop US vaccine recommendations. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices met February 28 to 29, 2024, to discuss coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines, chikungunya vaccines, diphtheria-tetanus vaccine, influenza vaccines, polio vaccines, respiratory syncytial virus vaccines, meningococcal vaccines, pneumococcal vaccines, and Vaxelis (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Inactivated Poliovirus, Haemophilus influenzae b Conjugate, and Hepatitis B Vaccine). This update summarizes the proceedings of these meetings, with an emphasis on topics that are most relevant to the pediatric population. Major updates for pediatric clinicians include information about changes on influenza vaccine composition, meningococcal vaccination considerations, updated guidance for children with a contraindication to pertussis-containing vaccines, and recommendations of the world's first chikungunya vaccine for certain populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gaviria-Agudelo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - David W Kimberlin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James D Campbell
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Grant C Paulsen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sean T O'Leary
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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21
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Madewell ZJ, Hernandez-Romieu AC, Wong JM, Zambrano LD, Volkman HR, Perez-Padilla J, Rodriguez DM, Lorenzi O, Espinet C, Munoz-Jordan J, Frasqueri-Quintana VM, Rivera-Amill V, Alvarado-Domenech LI, Sainz D, Bertran J, Paz-Bailey G, Adams LE. Sentinel Enhanced Dengue Surveillance System - Puerto Rico, 2012-2022. MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT. SURVEILLANCE SUMMARIES (WASHINGTON, D.C. : 2002) 2024; 73:1-29. [PMID: 38805389 PMCID: PMC11152364 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.ss7303a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Problem/Condition Dengue is the most prevalent mosquitoborne viral illness worldwide and is endemic in Puerto Rico. Dengue's clinical spectrum can range from mild, undifferentiated febrile illness to hemorrhagic manifestations, shock, multiorgan failure, and death in severe cases. The disease presentation is nonspecific; therefore, various other illnesses (e.g., arboviral and respiratory pathogens) can cause similar clinical symptoms. Enhanced surveillance is necessary to determine disease prevalence, to characterize the epidemiology of severe disease, and to evaluate diagnostic and treatment practices to improve patient outcomes. The Sentinel Enhanced Dengue Surveillance System (SEDSS) was established to monitor trends of dengue and dengue-like acute febrile illnesses (AFIs), characterize the clinical course of disease, and serve as an early warning system for viral infections with epidemic potential. Reporting Period May 2012-December 2022. Description of System SEDSS conducts enhanced surveillance for dengue and other relevant AFIs in Puerto Rico. This report includes aggregated data collected from May 2012 through December 2022. SEDSS was launched in May 2012 with patients with AFIs from five health care facilities enrolled. The facilities included two emergency departments in tertiary acute care hospitals in the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo metropolitan area and Ponce, two secondary acute care hospitals in Carolina and Guayama, and one outpatient acute care clinic in Ponce. Patients arriving at any SEDSS site were eligible for enrollment if they reported having fever within the past 7 days. During the Zika epidemic (June 2016-June 2018), patients were eligible for enrollment if they had either rash and conjunctivitis, rash and arthralgia, or fever. Eligibility was expanded in April 2020 to include reported cough or shortness of breath within the past 14 days. Blood, urine, nasopharyngeal, and oropharyngeal specimens were collected at enrollment from all participants who consented. Diagnostic testing for dengue virus (DENV) serotypes 1-4, chikungunya virus, Zika virus, influenza A and B viruses, SARS-CoV-2, and five other respiratory viruses was performed by the CDC laboratory in San Juan. Results During May 2012-December 2022, a total of 43,608 participants with diagnosed AFI were enrolled in SEDSS; a majority of participants (45.0%) were from Ponce. During the surveillance period, there were 1,432 confirmed or probable cases of dengue, 2,293 confirmed or probable cases of chikungunya, and 1,918 confirmed or probable cases of Zika. The epidemic curves of the three arboviruses indicate dengue is endemic; outbreaks of chikungunya and Zika were sporadic, with case counts peaking in late 2014 and 2016, respectively. The majority of commonly identified respiratory pathogens were influenza A virus (3,756), SARS-CoV-2 (1,586), human adenovirus (1,550), respiratory syncytial virus (1,489), influenza B virus (1,430), and human parainfluenza virus type 1 or 3 (1,401). A total of 5,502 participants had confirmed or probable arbovirus infection, 11,922 had confirmed respiratory virus infection, and 26,503 had AFI without any of the arboviruses or respiratory viruses examined. Interpretation Dengue is endemic in Puerto Rico; however, incidence rates varied widely during the reporting period, with the last notable outbreak occurring during 2012-2013. DENV-1 was the predominant virus during the surveillance period; sporadic cases of DENV-4 also were reported. Puerto Rico experienced large outbreaks of chikungunya that peaked in 2014 and of Zika that peaked in 2016; few cases of both viruses have been reported since. Influenza A and respiratory syncytial virus seasonality patterns are distinct, with respiratory syncytial virus incidence typically reaching its annual peak a few weeks before influenza A. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 led to a reduction in the circulation of other acute respiratory viruses. Public Health Action SEDSS is the only site-based enhanced surveillance system designed to gather information on AFI cases in Puerto Rico. This report illustrates that SEDSS can be adapted to detect dengue, Zika, chikungunya, COVID-19, and influenza outbreaks, along with other seasonal acute respiratory viruses, underscoring the importance of recognizing signs and symptoms of relevant diseases and understanding transmission dynamics among these viruses. This report also describes fluctuations in disease incidence, highlighting the value of active surveillance, testing for a panel of acute respiratory viruses, and the importance of flexible and responsive surveillance systems in addressing evolving public health challenges. Various vector control strategies and vaccines are being considered or implemented in Puerto Rico, and data from ongoing trials and SEDSS might be integrated to better understand epidemiologic factors underlying transmission and risk mitigation approaches. Data from SEDSS might guide sampling strategies and implementation of future trials to prevent arbovirus transmission, particularly during the expansion of SEDSS throughout the island to improve geographic representation.
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22
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Faria BS, da Silva LB, Avelar CFR, de Morais PAS, Bentes AA. Vertical transmission of chikungunya virus: a worldwide concern. Braz J Infect Dis 2024; 28:103747. [PMID: 38723664 PMCID: PMC11169065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2024.103747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) already has endemic circulation in about 100 countries and the number of infected patients increases every year, due to the effectiveness of the vector and human universal susceptibility to infection. The virus can also be transmitted from mother to child, more frequently intrapartum. About 50 % of neonates with CHIKV symptoms will have neurodevelopmental delay. It is therefore an infection of worldwide concern with a great impact on people's quality of life. The objective of this work is to describe two cases of confirmed vertical transmission by chikungunya virus, one of them with intrauterine infection and death of the neonate. Neonates with vertical chikungunya infection may present with clinical sepsis in the first few days of life, which is why this is a very important diagnosis, especially during outbreaks of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lívia Barbosa da Silva
- Hospital Maternidade Sofia Feldman, Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil; Hospital Infantil João Paulo II, FHEMIG, Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
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Tretyakova I, Joh J, Gearon M, Kraenzle J, Goedeker S, Pignataro A, Alejandro B, Lukashevich IS, Chung D, Pushko P. Live-attenuated CHIKV vaccine with rearranged genome replicates in vitro and induces immune response in mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012120. [PMID: 38648230 PMCID: PMC11075892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya fever virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes wide-spread human infections and epidemics in Asia, Africa and recently, in the Americas. CHIKV is considered a priority pathogen by CEPI and WHO. Despite recent approval of a live-attenuated CHIKV vaccine, development of additional vaccines is warranted due to the worldwide outbreaks of CHIKV. Previously, we developed immunization DNA (iDNA) plasmid capable of launching live-attenuated CHIKV vaccine in vivo. Here we report the use of CHIKV iDNA plasmid to prepare a novel, live-attenuated CHIKV vaccine V5040 with rearranged RNA genome. In V5040, genomic RNA was rearranged to encode capsid gene downstream from the glycoprotein genes. Attenuated mutations derived from experimental CHIKV 181/25 vaccine were also engineered into E2 gene of V5040. The DNA copy of rearranged CHIKV genomic RNA with attenuated mutations was cloned into iDNA plasmid pMG5040 downstream from the CMV promoter. After transfection in vitro, pMG5040 launched replication of V5040 virus with rearranged genome and attenuating E2 mutations. Furthermore, V5040 virus was evaluated in experimental murine models for general safety and immunogenicity. Vaccination with V5040 virus subcutaneously resulted in elicitation of CHIKV-specific, virus-neutralizing antibodies. The results warrant further evaluation of V5040 virus with rearranged genome as a novel live-attenuated vaccine for CHIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joongho Joh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Mary Gearon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Kraenzle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Sidney Goedeker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Ava Pignataro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Brian Alejandro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Igor S. Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Donghoon Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Peter Pushko
- Medigen, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
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Pushko P, Lukashevich IS, Johnson DM, Tretyakova I. Single-Dose Immunogenic DNA Vaccines Coding for Live-Attenuated Alpha- and Flaviviruses. Viruses 2024; 16:428. [PMID: 38543793 PMCID: PMC10974764 DOI: 10.3390/v16030428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-dose, immunogenic DNA (iDNA) vaccines coding for whole live-attenuated viruses are reviewed. This platform, sometimes called immunization DNA, has been used for vaccine development for flavi- and alphaviruses. An iDNA vaccine uses plasmid DNA to launch live-attenuated virus vaccines in vitro or in vivo. When iDNA is injected into mammalian cells in vitro or in vivo, the RNA genome of an attenuated virus is transcribed, which starts replication of a defined, live-attenuated vaccine virus in cell culture or the cells of a vaccine recipient. In the latter case, an immune response to the live virus vaccine is elicited, which protects against the pathogenic virus. Unlike other nucleic acid vaccines, such as mRNA and standard DNA vaccines, iDNA vaccines elicit protection with a single dose, thus providing major improvement to epidemic preparedness. Still, iDNA vaccines retain the advantages of other nucleic acid vaccines. In summary, the iDNA platform combines the advantages of reverse genetics and DNA immunization with the high immunogenicity of live-attenuated vaccines, resulting in enhanced safety and immunogenicity. This vaccine platform has expanded the field of genetic DNA and RNA vaccines with a novel type of immunogenic DNA vaccines that encode entire live-attenuated viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Pushko
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA;
| | - Igor S. Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Center for Predictive Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, 505 S Hancock St., Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Dylan M. Johnson
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 945501, USA;
| | - Irina Tretyakova
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA;
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25
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Mehta D, Chaudhary S, Sunil S. Oxidative stress governs mosquito innate immune signalling to reduce chikungunya virus infection in Aedes-derived cells. J Gen Virol 2024; 105. [PMID: 38488850 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses such as chikungunya, dengue and zika viruses cause debilitating diseases in humans. The principal vector species that transmits these viruses is the Aedes mosquito. Lack of substantial knowledge of the vector species hinders the advancement of strategies for controlling the spread of arboviruses. To supplement our information on mosquitoes' responses to virus infection, we utilized Aedes aegypti-derived Aag2 cells to study changes at the transcriptional level during infection with chikungunya virus (CHIKV). We observed that genes belonging to the redox pathway were significantly differentially regulated. Upon quantifying reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells during viral infection, we further discovered that ROS levels are considerably higher during the early hours of infection; however, as the infection progresses, an increase in antioxidant gene expression suppresses the oxidative stress in cells. Our study also suggests that ROS is a critical regulator of viral replication in cells and inhibits intracellular and extracellular viral replication by promoting the Rel2-mediated Imd immune signalling pathway. In conclusion, our study provides evidence for a regulatory role of oxidative stress in infected Aedes-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Mehta
- Vector Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sakshi Chaudhary
- Vector Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujatha Sunil
- Vector Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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McMahon R, Fuchs U, Schneider M, Hadl S, Hochreiter R, Bitzer A, Kosulin K, Koren M, Mader R, Zoihsl O, Wressnigg N, Dubischar K, Buerger V, Eder-Lingelbach S, Jaramillo JC. A randomized, double-blinded Phase 3 study to demonstrate lot-to-lot consistency and to confirm immunogenicity and safety of the live-attenuated chikungunya virus vaccine candidate VLA1553 in healthy adults†. J Travel Med 2024; 31:taad156. [PMID: 38091981 PMCID: PMC10911060 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taad156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global spread of the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) increases the exposure risk for individuals travelling to or living in endemic areas. This Phase 3 study was designed to demonstrate manufacturing consistency between three lots of the single shot live-attenuated CHIKV vaccine VLA1553, and to confirm the promising immunogenicity and safety data obtained in previous trials. METHODS This randomized, double-blinded, lot-to-lot consistency, Phase 3 study, assessed immunogenicity and safety of VLA1553 in 408 healthy adults (18-45 years) in 12 sites across the USA. The primary endpoint was a comparison of the geometric mean titre (GMT) ratios of CHIKV-specific neutralizing antibodies between three VLA1553 lots at 28 days post-vaccination. Secondary endpoints included immunogenicity and safety over 6 months post-vaccination. RESULTS GMTs were comparable between the lots meeting the acceptance criteria for equivalence. The average GMT (measured by 50% CHIKV micro plaque neutralization test; μPRNT50) peaked with 2643 at 28 days post-vaccination and decreased to 709 at 6 months post-vaccination. An excellent seroresponse rate (defined as μPRNT50 titre ≥ 150 considered protective) was achieved in 97.8% of participants at 28 days post-vaccination and still persisted in 96% at 6 months after vaccination. Upon VLA1553 immunization, 72.5% of participants experienced adverse events (AEs), without significant differences between lots (related solicited systemic AE: 53.9% of participants; related solicited local AE: 19.4%). Overall, AEs were mostly mild or moderate and resolved without sequela, usually within 3 days. With 3.9% of participants experiencing severe AEs, 2.7% were classified as related, whereas none of the six reported serious adverse events was related to the administration of VLA1553. CONCLUSIONS All three lots of VLA1553 recapitulated the safety and immunogenicity profiles of a preceding Phase 3 study, fulfilling pre-defined consistency requirements. These results highlight the manufacturability of VLA1553, a promising vaccine for the prevention of CHIKV disease for those living in or travelling to endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Koren
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert Mader
- CRETA GmbH, Campus Vienna Biocenter 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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27
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de Lima RC, Valente LMM, Familiar Macedo D, de-Oliveira-Pinto LM, dos Santos FB, Mazzei JL, Siani AC, Nunes PCG, de Azeredo EL. Antiviral and Virucidal Activities of Uncaria tomentosa (Cat's Claw) against the Chikungunya Virus. Viruses 2024; 16:369. [PMID: 38543735 PMCID: PMC10974475 DOI: 10.3390/v16030369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Uncaria tomentosa (UT) is a medicinal plant popularly known as cat's claw belonging to the Rubiaceae family that has been reported to display antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. The chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreaks constitute a Brazilian public health concern. CHIKV infection develops an abrupt onset of fever, usually accompanied by a skin rash, besides incapacitating polyarthralgia. There is no vaccine available or treatment for CHIKV infection. The present study evaluates the hydroalcoholic extract of UT bark as a potential antiviral against CHIKV. The in vitro antiviral activity of the UT extract against the Brazilian CHIKV strain was assessed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and plaque assay. Results obtained demonstrated that UT inhibits CHIKV infection in a dose-dependent manner. At the non-cytotoxic concentration of 100 µg/mL, UT exhibited antiviral activity above 90% as determined by plaque reduction assay, and it reduced the viral cytopathic effect. Similarly, a significant virucidal effect of 100 µg/mL UT was observed after 24 and 48 h post-infection. This is the first report on the antiviral activity of UT against CHIKV infection, and the data presented here suggests UT as a potential antiviral to treat CHIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Curtinhas de Lima
- Laboratório das Interações Vírus Hospedeiros, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (R.C.d.L.); (D.F.M.); (L.M.d.-O.-P.); (F.B.d.S.); (P.C.G.N.)
| | - Ligia Maria Marino Valente
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil;
| | - Débora Familiar Macedo
- Laboratório das Interações Vírus Hospedeiros, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (R.C.d.L.); (D.F.M.); (L.M.d.-O.-P.); (F.B.d.S.); (P.C.G.N.)
| | - Luzia Maria de-Oliveira-Pinto
- Laboratório das Interações Vírus Hospedeiros, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (R.C.d.L.); (D.F.M.); (L.M.d.-O.-P.); (F.B.d.S.); (P.C.G.N.)
| | - Flavia Barreto dos Santos
- Laboratório das Interações Vírus Hospedeiros, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (R.C.d.L.); (D.F.M.); (L.M.d.-O.-P.); (F.B.d.S.); (P.C.G.N.)
| | - José Luiz Mazzei
- Laboratório de Tecnologia para Biodiversidade em Saúde, Instituto de Tecnologia de Fármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil; (J.L.M.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Antonio Carlos Siani
- Laboratório de Tecnologia para Biodiversidade em Saúde, Instituto de Tecnologia de Fármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil; (J.L.M.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Priscila Conrado Guerra Nunes
- Laboratório das Interações Vírus Hospedeiros, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (R.C.d.L.); (D.F.M.); (L.M.d.-O.-P.); (F.B.d.S.); (P.C.G.N.)
| | - Elzinandes Leal de Azeredo
- Laboratório das Interações Vírus Hospedeiros, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (R.C.d.L.); (D.F.M.); (L.M.d.-O.-P.); (F.B.d.S.); (P.C.G.N.)
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Ng LFP, Rénia L. Live-attenuated chikungunya virus vaccine. Cell 2024; 187:813-813.e1. [PMID: 38364787 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Although Chikungunya fever does not a have a high fatality rate (<10%), it has a huge morbidity toll due to lingering chronic arthralgia. The recent FDA approval of Ixchiq, a vaccine designed to prevent infection caused by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV), provides hope that its use can prevent future CHIKV outbreaks. To view this Bench to Bedside, open or download the PDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa F P Ng
- A(∗)STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (ID Labs), A(∗)STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Laurent Rénia
- A(∗)STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (ID Labs), A(∗)STAR, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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29
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Rao S, Erku D, Mahalingam S, Taylor A. Immunogenicity, safety and duration of protection afforded by chikungunya virus vaccines undergoing human clinical trials. J Gen Virol 2024; 105. [PMID: 38421278 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes chikungunya fever and has been responsible for major global epidemics of arthritic disease over the past two decades. Multiple CHIKV vaccine candidates are currently undergoing or have undergone human clinical trials, with one vaccine candidate receiving FDA approval. This scoping review was performed to evaluate the 'efficacy', 'safety' and 'duration of protection' provided by CHIKV vaccine candidates in human clinical trials.Methods. This scoping literature review addresses studies involving CHIKV vaccine clinical trials using available literature on the PubMed, Medline Embase, Cochrane Library and Clinicaltrial.gov databases published up to 25 August 2023. Covidence software was used to structure information and review the studies included in this article.Results. A total of 1138 studies were screened and, after removal of duplicate studies, 12 relevant studies were thoroughly reviewed to gather information. This review summarizs that all seven CHIKV vaccine candidates achieved over 90 % seroprotection against CHIKV after one or two doses. All vaccines were able to provide neutralizing antibody protection for at least 28 days.Conclusions. A variety of vaccine technologies have been used to develop CHIKV vaccine candidates. With one vaccine candidate having recently received FDA approval, it is likely that further CHIKV vaccines will be available commercially in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambhavi Rao
- The Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
- Global Virus Network (GVN) Centre of Excellence in Arboviruses, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Erku
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - Suresh Mahalingam
- The Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
- Global Virus Network (GVN) Centre of Excellence in Arboviruses, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Adam Taylor
- The Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
- Global Virus Network (GVN) Centre of Excellence in Arboviruses, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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de Souza WM, Ribeiro GS, de Lima ST, de Jesus R, Moreira FR, Whittaker C, Sallum MAM, Carrington CV, Sabino EC, Kitron U, Faria NR, Weaver SC. Chikungunya: a decade of burden in the Americas. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2024; 30:100673. [PMID: 38283942 PMCID: PMC10820659 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
In the Americas, one decade following its emergence in 2013, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) continues to spread and cause epidemics across the region. To date, 3.7 million suspected and laboratory-confirmed chikungunya cases have been reported in 50 countries or territories in the Americas. Here, we outline the current status and epidemiological aspects of chikungunya in the Americas and discuss prospects for future research and public health strategies to combat CHIKV in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M. de Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guilherme S. Ribeiro
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Shirlene T.S. de Lima
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo de Jesus
- Coordenação Geral dos Laboratórios de Saúde Pública, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Filipe R.R. Moreira
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Charles Whittaker
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Anice M. Sallum
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christine V.F. Carrington
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Ester C. Sabino
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Uriel Kitron
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nuno R. Faria
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Scott C. Weaver
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Principi N, Esposito S. Development of Vaccines against Emerging Mosquito-Vectored Arbovirus Infections. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:87. [PMID: 38250900 PMCID: PMC10818606 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Among emergent climate-sensitive infectious diseases, some mosquito-vectored arbovirus infections have epidemiological, social, and economic effects. Dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) disease, previously common only in the tropics, currently pose a major risk to global health and are expected to expand dramatically in the near future if adequate containment measures are not implemented. The lack of safe and effective vaccines is critical as it seems likely that emerging mosquito-vectored arbovirus infections will be con-trolled only when effective and safe vaccines against each of these infections become available. This paper discusses the clinical characteristics of DENV, WNV, and CHIKV infections and the state of development of vaccines against these viruses. An ideal vaccine should be able to evoke with a single administration a prompt activation of B and T cells, adequate concentrations of protecting/neutralizing antibodies, and the creation of a strong immune memory capable of triggering an effective secondary antibody response after new infection with a wild-type and/or mutated infectious agent. Moreover, the vaccine should be well tolerated, safe, easily administrated, cost-effective, and widely available throughout the world. However, the development of vaccines against emerging mosquito-vectored arbovirus diseases is far from being satisfactory, and it seems likely that it will take many years before effective and safe vaccines for all these infections are made available worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
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Mishra P, Balaraman V, Fraser MJ. Maxizyme-mediated suppression of chikungunya virus replication and transmission in transgenic Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1286519. [PMID: 38188571 PMCID: PMC10766806 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1286519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne pathogen of significant public health importance. There are currently no prophylactic vaccines or therapeutics available to control CHIKV. One approach to arbovirus control that has been proposed is the replacement of transmission-competent mosquitoes with those that are refractory to virus infection. Several transgene effectors are being examined as potentially useful for this population replacement approach. We previously demonstrated the successful use of hammerhead ribozymes (hRzs) as an antiviral effector transgene to control CHIKV infection of, and transmission by, Aedes mosquitoes. In this report we examine a maxizyme approach to enhance the catalytic activity and prevent virus mutants from escaping these ribozymes. We designed a maxizyme containing minimized (monomer) versions of two hRzs we previously demonstrated to be the most effective in CHIKV suppression. Three versions of CHIKV maxizyme were designed: Active (Mz), inactive (ΔMz), and a connected CHIKV maxizyme (cMz). The maxizymes with their expression units (Ae-tRNA val promoter and its termination signal) were incorporated into lentivirus vectors with selection and visualization markers. Following transformation, selection, and single-cell sorting of Vero cells, clonal cell populations were infected with CHIKV at 0.05 and 0.5 MOI, and virus suppression was assessed using TCID50-IFA, RT-qPCR, and caspase-3 assays. Five transgenic mosquito lines expressing cMz were generated and transgene insertion sites were confirmed by splinkerette PCR. Our results demonstrate that Vero cell clones expressing Mz exhibited complete inhibition of CHIKV replication compared to their respective inactive control version or the two parent hRzs. Upon oral challenge of transgenic mosquitoes with CHIKV, three out of the five lines were completely refractory to CHIKV infection, and all five lines tested negative for salivary transmission. Altogether, this study demonstrates that maxizymes can provide a higher catalytic activity and viral suppression than hRzs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Malcolm J. Fraser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
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Kayesh MEH, Kohara M, Tsukiyama-Kohara K. TLR agonists as vaccine adjuvants in the prevention of viral infections: an overview. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1249718. [PMID: 38179453 PMCID: PMC10764465 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1249718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Tol-like receptor (TLR) agonists, as potent adjuvants, have gained attention in vaccine research for their ability to enhance immune responses. This study focuses on their application in improving vaccine efficacy against key viral infections, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and flaviviruses, including West Nile virus, dengue virus, and chikungunya virus. Vaccines are crucial in preventing microbial infections, including viruses, and adjuvants play a vital role in modulating immune responses. However, there are still many diseases for which effective vaccines are lacking or have limited immune response, posing significant threats to human health. The use of TLR agonists as adjuvants in viral vaccine formulations holds promise in improving vaccine effectiveness. By tailoring adjuvants to specific pathogens, such as HBV, HCV, HIV, SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and flavivirus, protective immunity against chronic and emerging infectious disease can be elicited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh
- Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal, Bangladesh
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Azevedo FR, Ferreira RCAB, Leandro CS, Araújo IM, Tintino SR. Use of essential oils from plants of Araripe National Forest against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e275062. [PMID: 38055504 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.275062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti control is achieved with chemical insecticides that can promote insecticide resistance. In the search for new forms of control, the use of botanical products is currently growing and many tests with oils have already been performed. The plant diversity of Araripe National Forest enables the study of several species against this vector. To evaluate the larvicidal effect of essential oils from plants of this forest, we used field rosemary, copaiba, bay leaf, cashew and pequi. The work was divided into three stages: all oils with the same dosage; the best oil at dosages of 0, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 75 µg/mL; and the best dosage at temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C. The oils of field rosemary, copaiba, bay leaf, cashew and pequi were good insecticides when used at dosages above 5 μg/mL. The bay leaf oil showed high larvicidal activity at all dosages tested, showing the highest efficiency at 75 μg/mL. Temperatures of 15 and 35 °C increased the susceptibility of the insect to the effect of the bay leaf oil. The essential oils of field rosemary, copaiba, bay leaf, cashew and pequi, from Araripe National Forest, applied at a dosage of 5μg/mL, showed insecticidal action, although with low efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Azevedo
- Universidade Federal do Cariri - UFCA, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e da Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Entomologia, Crato, CE, Brasil
| | - R C A B Ferreira
- Universidade Federal do Cariri - UFCA, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e da Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Entomologia, Crato, CE, Brasil
| | - C S Leandro
- Universidade Federal do Cariri - UFCA, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e da Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Entomologia, Crato, CE, Brasil
| | - I M Araújo
- Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Crato, CE, Brasil
| | - S R Tintino
- Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Crato, CE, Brasil
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Bastos Filho PP, Francisco MVLDO, Santos CS, de Almeida BL, Souza MSDJ, Ribeiro DVB, de Araújo IMB, Lima BGDC, Rajan J, de Siqueira IC. High seroprevalence of antibodies against arboviruses in postpartum women in Salvador, Brazil. IJID REGIONS 2023; 9:55-58. [PMID: 37868343 PMCID: PMC10585381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Arboviruses represent a major challenge to public health in Brazil. Dengue (DENV) virus has been endemic for decades, and the introduction of Zika (2015) and Chikungunya (2014) viruses (CHIKV) has imposed a significant burden on the country. The present study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of Zika virus (ZIKV), DENV and CHIKV in women in Salvador, Bahia-Brazil. Methods Cross-sectional study involving postpartum women admitted to a maternity hospital in Salvador, Brazil. Anti-ZIKV, anti-DENV and anti-CHIKV immunoglobulin G was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results A total of 302 women were enrolled with a median age: 26 years, interquartile range (21-33). Most self-declared as mixed-race or black skin color (92.4%). The seroprevalence was 57% for ZIKV); 91.4% for DENV, and 7.6% for CHIKV. Most participants denied awareness of previous arboviral infection, although 67 (22.3%) reported a previous history of ZIKV infection, 34 (11.1%) DENV infection and 9 (3%) CHIKV infection. Conclusion Our data indicate a high prevalence of past ZIKV and DENV infections in the population studied. Most of the participants remain susceptible to future CHIKV infection, highlighting the need for preventive and educational interventions. Our results suggest the need for continuous epidemiological surveillance of arboviral diseases, particularly among women residing in at-risk regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Paulo Bastos Filho
- Instituto de Perinatologia da Bahia, IPERBA-SESAB, Salvador, Brazil
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jayant Rajan
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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Behera JK, Mishra P, Jena AK, Behera B, Bhattacharya M. Human health implications of emerging diseases and the current situation in India's vaccine industry. SCIENCE IN ONE HEALTH 2023; 2:100046. [PMID: 39077045 PMCID: PMC11262297 DOI: 10.1016/j.soh.2023.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Emerging diseases are infectious diseases that pose significant threat to human health, causing millions of deaths and disabilities in the upcoming days. Periodic epidemics of new infections and old reinfections increase the global burden of disease prevalence. They can be caused by new pathogens or evolving ones, which change human behavior and environmental factors. Researchers have studied the dynamic connections between microbes, hosts, and the environment, but new infectious diseases like coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), re-emerging diseases, and deliberately disseminated diseases persist despite earlier hopes of elimination. With heavy privatesector investments, Indian pharmacology now provides core Expanded Programme on Immunization vaccines to United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, producing previously unattainable vaccines for diseases like meningitis, hepatitis B, pneumococcal conjugate, rotavirus, influenza A (H1N1), and COVID-19. India's vaccine sector has emerged, among the oriented leaders of the Bharat Biotech, Serum Institute of India, Panacea Biotech and Biological E. Specifically, the technology transferred from Western countries has benefited the sector, which produces 1.3 billion doses annually. The Serum Institute is the world's largest manufacturer of vaccines, providing measles and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines to United Nations. The Serum Institute has developed several vaccines, including Nasovac, MenAfriVac, Pentavac, and an inactivated polio vaccine. India's success in vaccinations can be attributed to attractive investment conditions, government assistance, international alliances, and rising domestic technical talent. Despite its booming economy and technical advances, India's disproportionate share of the world's child mortality rate remains unchanged. However, the growing production and distribution of vaccinations in developing nations has initiated a new era, leading to a worldwide decline in childhood death and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiban Kumar Behera
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore 756020, Odisha, India
| | - Pabitra Mishra
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore 756020, Odisha, India
| | - Anway Kumar Jena
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore 756020, Odisha, India
| | - Bhaskar Behera
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore 756020, Odisha, India
| | - Manojit Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore 756020, Odisha, India
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Rabelo VWH, da Silva VD, Sanchez Nuñez ML, dos Santos Corrêa Amorim L, Buarque CD, Kuhn RJ, Abreu PA, Nunes de Palmer Paixão IC. Antiviral evaluation of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole derivatives against Chikungunya virus. Future Virol 2023; 18:865-880. [PMID: 37974899 PMCID: PMC10636642 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2023-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Aim This work aimed to investigate the antiviral activity of two 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole derivatives (1 and 2) against Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) replication. Materials & methods Cytotoxicity was analyzed using colorimetric assays and the antiviral potential was evaluated using plaque assays and computational tools. Results Compound 2 showed antiviral activity against CHIKV 181-25 in BHK-21 and Vero cells. Also, this compound presented a higher activity against CHIKV BRA/RJ/18 in Vero cells, like compound 1. Compound 2 exhibited virucidal activity and inhibited virus entry while compound 1 inhibited virus release. Molecular docking suggested that these derivatives inhibit nsP1 protein while compound 1 may also target capsid protein. Conclusion Both compounds exhibit promising antiviral activity against CHIKV by blocking different steps of virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Won-Held Rabelo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, CEP, 24210-201, Brazil
| | - Verônica Diniz da Silva
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP, 22451-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Leonisa Sanchez Nuñez
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, CEP, 24210-201, Brazil
| | - Leonardo dos Santos Corrêa Amorim
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, CEP, 24210-201, Brazil
- Gerência de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Instituto Vital Brazil, Niterói, RJ, 24230-410, Brazil
| | - Camilla Djenne Buarque
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP, 22451-900, Brazil
| | - Richard J Kuhn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, & Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Paula Alvarez Abreu
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, RJ, CEP, 27965-045, Brazil
| | - Izabel Christina Nunes de Palmer Paixão
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, CEP, 24210-201, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, CEP, 24210-201, Brazil
- Programas de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia Marinha e de Neurologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Stephenson KE. Live-attenuated Chikungunya vaccine: a possible new era. Lancet 2023; 401:2090-2091. [PMID: 37321234 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Stephenson
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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