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Wachirattanapongmetee K, Katekaew S, Weerapreeyakul N, Thawornchinsombut S. Differentiation of protein types extracted from tilapia byproducts by FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis and their antioxidant protein hydrolysates. Food Chem 2024; 437:137862. [PMID: 37931446 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to characterize protein types including sarcoplasmic protein (SP), myofibrillar protein (MP), and alkali-aided protein extract (AP) prepared from tilapia byproducts using water, 0.6 M NaCl, and alkaline solution (pH 11), respectively compared to freeze-dried minced tilapia muscle (CONTROL). Principal component analysis was performed from second derivative FTIR spectra to differentiate protein type. The AP mostly contained β-sheet structure and had low total sulfhydryl content and surface hydrophobicity. SP can be distinguished from MP by the loading plots of the FTIR bands representing the α-helical structure. While the bands for lipids and β-sheet of protein were noted for differentiating AP from CONTROL. After being hydrolyzed by Protease G6, the AP hydrolysate disclosed the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity, while the SP hydrolysate revealed the strongest metal chelating ability. Thus, an understanding of how fish processing waste can be utilized in the production of antioxidant protein hydrolysates has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Somporn Katekaew
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Supawan Thawornchinsombut
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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2
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Morar IM, Stefan R, Dan C, Sestras RE, Truta P, Medeleanu M, Ranga F, Sestras P, Truta AM, Sestras AF. FT-IR and HPLC analysis of silver fir ( Abies alba Mill.) bark compounds from different geographical provenances. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26820. [PMID: 38463881 PMCID: PMC10920173 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) could be applied to study the provenance of wood, specifically the differentiation of wood resources, as well as the identification of chemical compounds that are connected to the changes that occur in wood as a result of drying treatments. To test this hypothesis, the bark of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) from trees belonging to seven different geographical provenances was studied, using samples dried at three different temperatures (60, 80, and 100 °C). FT-IR spectroscopy revealed different band assignments in the mid-infrared region depending on fir provenances, whereas the vibrational bands of the biomass functional groups tended to shift to lower wavenumbers. Significant differences were identified between the chemical compounds in the bark depending on the provenances. The largest proportion of the total phenolics was represented by the epicatechin gallate, epicatechin, catechin, and procyanidin dimer B1. Exploratory data analysis was performed using principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering, and Pearson correlations. This allowed a comparative evaluation of the samples and interpret the findings according to the geographical provenances, respectively ecological conditions in the areas of origin, but also the influence of the drying temperatures of the samples on chemical compounds. The precipitation in the areas of origin decreased total phenolics in silver fir bark samples, and total phenolics differed not only due to the geographic provenance, but also due to drying temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina M. Morar
- Department of Forestry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Razvan Stefan
- Preclinic Department, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Catalina Dan
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu E. Sestras
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Petru Truta
- Department of Forestry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mădălina Medeleanu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florica Ranga
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Paul Sestras
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400020, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov 3, 050044, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina M. Truta
- Department of Forestry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana F. Sestras
- Department of Forestry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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3
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Ottah VE, Ezugwu AL, Ezike TC, Chilaka FC. Comparative analysis of alkaline-extracted hemicelluloses from Beech, African rose and Agba woods using FTIR and HPLC. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09714. [PMID: 35734571 PMCID: PMC9207664 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast application of hemicellulose in industry is greatly influenced by its chemical components. The current study focuses on identifying the chemical components of a high yield alkaline-extracted hemicellulose and characterization to serve as a guide for more specific and effective biotechnological uses. In this study we isolated hemicellulose from sawdust of three different wood species (Beech, African rose and Agba woods) and characterized them using FTIR and HPLC techniques. Hydroxyl spectra vibrations were observed at 3919-3671 cm−1 and 3454-3211 cm−1 which indicates the presence of non-hydrogen bonded OH stretch and normal polymeric OH stretch in all three samples. The samples contained residual lignin indicated by IR absorption bands at 1592 and 1525 cm−1. The presence of C=O stretching vibrations of acetyl groups at 1734 cm−1 indicated that African rosewood was generally an acetylated molecule. Each heteropolysaccharide also contained reducing monosaccharides at their ends suggested by the C–H stretching vibrations. Infrared absorptions characteristic of asymmetric β-1,6-glycosidic stretching was present in Beechwood and Agbawood, respectively, and African rosewood gave three absorption bands β-1,3-glycosidic stretch, β-1,4-glycosidic stretch and an asymmetric β 1,6-glycosidic stretch, respectively. Agbawood gave a major absorption band at 923.75 cm−1 corresponding to the absorption band at β-1,4-glycosidic stretching. African rosewood contained 96 % mannose and 4 % of an unidentified sugar. Beechwood contained primarily glucose, but Agbawood contained 20, 14, 8 and 57 % glucose, mannose, galactose, and an unidentified sugar, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arinze Linus Ezugwu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka Enugu State, Nigeria
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De la Rubia AG, Mélida H, Centeno ML, Encina A, García-Angulo P. Immune Priming Triggers Cell Wall Remodeling and Increased Resistance to Halo Blight Disease in Common Bean. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081514. [PMID: 34451558 PMCID: PMC8401974 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The cell wall (CW) is a dynamic structure extensively remodeled during plant growth and under stress conditions, however little is known about its roles during the immune system priming, especially in crops. In order to shed light on such a process, we used the Phaseolus vulgaris-Pseudomonas syringae (Pph) pathosystem and the immune priming capacity of 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA). In the first instance we confirmed that INA-pretreated plants were more resistant to Pph, which was in line with the enhanced production of H2O2 of the primed plants after elicitation with the peptide flg22. Thereafter, CWs from plants subjected to the different treatments (non- or Pph-inoculated on non- or INA-pretreated plants) were isolated to study their composition and properties. As a result, the Pph inoculation modified the bean CW to some extent, mostly the pectic component, but the CW was as vulnerable to enzymatic hydrolysis as in the case of non-inoculated plants. By contrast, the INA priming triggered a pronounced CW remodeling, both on the cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides, and CW proteins, which resulted in a CW that was more resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis. In conclusion, the increased bean resistance against Pph produced by INA priming can be explained, at least partially, by a drastic CW remodeling.
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Liu Z, Zeng H, Xu K, Zhao K, Liu Z, Yao J, You Y, Wang D. AFM-IR probing the influence of polarization on the expression of proteins within single macrophages. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:2909-2917. [PMID: 33885646 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02584d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are essential in innate immunity and are involved in a variety of biological functions. Due to high plasticity, macrophages are polarized in different phenotypes depending on different microenvironments to perform specific functions. Although many studies have focused on macrophage polarization, few have explored the polarization characteristics of macrophages at the subcellular level, even at nanoscale resolution. Here, we utilize AFM-based infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) to investigate the influence of an inducer on the expressed proteins of M1/M2 macrophages (induced by LPS and IL-13, respectively). The results from AFM-IR combined with principal component analysis revealed that the characteristic proteins within M1 contain about 35% antiparallel β-sheets (due to the high expression of TNF-α), while the proteins within M2 are made up of approximately 38.8% α-helices. The corresponding nanoscale chemical mapping demonstrates a remarkably heterogeneous distribution of expressed proteins inside single macrophages. Beside the biochemical properties, the biomechanical properties of macrophages were found to be softened in response to the polarization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
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Study on FTIR spectroscopy, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and anti-amylase activity of extracts and different tea forms of Garcinia schomburgkiana leaves. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Liu C, Hao LH, Chen FS, Zhu TW. The Mechanism of Extraction of Peanut Protein and Oil Bodies by Enzymatic Hydrolysis of the Cell Wall. J Oleo Sci 2020; 69:1467-1479. [PMID: 33055446 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation of the peanut cell wall is a critical step in the aqueous enzymatic extraction process to extract proteins and oil bodies. Viscozyme® L, a compound cell wall degrading enzyme, has been applied as an alternative to protease in the process of aqueous enzymatic extraction, but the mechanism of cell wall enzymolysis remains unclear. The present study aims to investigate the changes in cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin content of the peanut cell wall hydrolyzed by Viscozyme® L. The degree to which the main components of the peanut cell wall, such as trans-1, 2-cyclohexanediamine-N,N,N',N'-acetic acid-soluble pectin (CDTA-soluble pectin), Na2CO3-soluble pectin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, are degraded is closely related to the extraction of oil bodies and peanut protein at different solid-liquid ratio of powered peanut seed in distilled water, enzyme concentration, enzyme hydrolysis temperature, and enzyme hydrolysis time. The key sites of Viscozyme® L activity on cell wall polysaccharides were explored by comparing the changes in chemical bonds under different extraction conditions using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) absorption bands and principal component analysis (PCA). Viscozyme® L acted on the C-O stretching, C-C stretching, and CH2 symmetrical bending of cellulose, the C-O stretching and O-C-O asymmetrical bending of hemicellulose, and the C-O stretching and C-C stretching of pectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology
| | - Li-Hua Hao
- Henan Institute of Product Quality Supervision and Inspection
| | - Fu-Sheng Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology
| | - Ting-Wei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology
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8
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Forensic discrimination of black laser prints by a combination of chemometric methods and μ-ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Functional Factors of Biomass Burning Contribution to Spring Aerosol Composition in a Megacity: Combined FTIR-PCA Analyses. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11040319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Whether the spring season brings additional pollution to the urban environment remains questionable for a megacity. Aerosol sampling and characterization was performed in the urban background of the Moscow megacity in spring 2017, in a period of a significant impact of mass advection from surrounding fire regions. Parametrization of Angstrom absorption exponent (AAE) on low and high values provides periods dominated by fossil fuel (FF) combustion and affected by biomass burning (BB), respectively. The period identification is supported by air mass transportation from the south of Russia through the regions where a number of fires were observed. Functionalities in entire aerosol composition, assigned to classes of organic, ionic compounds, and dust, are inferred by diffusion refection infrared Fourier transmission (FTIR) spectroscopy. Functional markers of urban transport emissions relate to modern engine technology and driving cycles. Regional BB functionalities indicate the fire impacts to the spring aerosol composition. The development of the advanced source apportionment for a megacity is performed by means of combined ambient FTIR data and statistical PCA analysis. PCA of FTIR spectral data differentiate daily aerosol chemistry by low and high AAE values, related to FF- and BB-affected spectral features. PC loadings of 58%, 21%, and 11% of variability reveal the functional factors of transport, biomass burning, biogenic, dust, and secondary aerosol spring source impacts.
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10
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Chen Y, Chen Y, Feng X, Yang X, Zhang J, Qiu Z, He Y. Variety Identification of Orchids Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Stacked Sparse Auto-Encoder. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132506. [PMID: 31324007 PMCID: PMC6651824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The feasibility of using the fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic technique with a stacked sparse auto-encoder (SSAE) to identify orchid varieties was studied. Spectral data of 13 orchids varieties covering the spectral range of 4000-550 cm-1 were acquired to establish discriminant models and to select optimal spectral variables. K nearest neighbors (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), and SSAE models were built using full spectra. The SSAE model performed better than the KNN and SVM models and obtained a classification accuracy 99.4% in the calibration set and 97.9% in the prediction set. Then, three algorithms, principal component analysis loading (PCA-loading), competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), and stacked sparse auto-encoder guided backward (SSAE-GB), were used to select 39, 300, and 38 optimal wavenumbers, respectively. The KNN and SVM models were built based on optimal wavenumbers. Most of the optimal wavenumbers-based models performed slightly better than the all wavenumbers-based models. The performance of the SSAE-GB was better than the other two from the perspective of the accuracy of the discriminant models and the number of optimal wavenumbers. The results of this study showed that the FTIR spectroscopic technique combined with the SSAE algorithm could be adopted in the identification of the orchid varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xuping Feng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xufeng Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinnuo Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhengjun Qiu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yong He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Fan TF, Potroz MG, Tan EL, Ibrahim MS, Miyako E, Cho NJ. Species-Specific Biodegradation of Sporopollenin-Based Microcapsules. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9626. [PMID: 31270392 PMCID: PMC6610089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46131-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporoderms, the outer layers of plant spores and pollen grains, are some of the most robust biomaterials in nature. In order to evaluate the potential of sporoderms in biomedical applications, we studied the biodegradation in simulated gastrointestinal fluid of sporoderm microcapsules (SDMCs) derived from four different plant species: lycopodium (Lycopodium clavatum L.), camellia (Camellia sinensis L.), cattail (Typha angustifolia L.), and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.). Dynamic image particle analysis (DIPA) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were used to investigate the morphological characteristics of the capsules, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to evaluate their chemical properties. We found that SDMCs undergo bulk degradation in a species-dependent manner, with camellia SDMCs undergoing the most extensive degradation, and dandelion and lycopodium SDMCs being the most robust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Fei Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael G Potroz
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ee-Lin Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mohammed Shahrudin Ibrahim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eijiro Miyako
- Department of Materials and Chemistry, Nanomaterials Research Institute (NMRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Nam-Joon Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore, Singapore.
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Höhl M, Zeilinger C, Roth B, Meinhardt-Wollweber M, Morgner U. Multivariate discrimination of heat shock proteins using a fiber optic Raman setup for in situ analysis of human perilymph. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:043110. [PMID: 31043005 DOI: 10.1063/1.5030301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy has proven to be an effective tool for molecular analysis in different applications. In clinical diagnostics, its application has enabled nondestructive investigation of biological tissues and liquids. The human perilymph, for example, is an inner ear liquid, essential for the hearing sensation. The composition of this liquid is correlated with pathophysiological parameters and was analyzed by extraction and mass spectrometry so far. In this work, we present a fiber optic probe setup for the Raman spectroscopic sampling of inner ear proteins in solution. Multivariate data analysis is applied for the discrimination of individual proteins (heat shock proteins) linked to a specific type of hearing impairment. This proof-of-principle is a first step toward a system for sensitive and continuous in vivo perilymph investigation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Höhl
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Carsten Zeilinger
- Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Bernhard Roth
- Hannoversches Zentrum für Optische Technologien, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Morgner
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
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Chien YC, Yang TC, Hung KC, Li CC, Xu JW, Wu JH. Effects of heat treatment on the chemical compositions and thermal decomposition kinetics of Japanese cedar and beech wood. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Rai V, Bose S, Saha S, Kumar V, Chakraborty C. Delineating metabolic dysfunction in cellular metabolism of oral submucous fibrosis using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 97:102-108. [PMID: 30384150 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To delineate the metabolism involved in oral submucous fibrosis progression towards carcinogenesis by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. METHODS The proposed study was designed using 1H-NMR by comparing the metabolites in the serum sample of oral submucous fibrosis (n = 20) compared to the normal group (n = 20) using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Various statistical analysis like multivariate statistical analysis, Principle component analysis, Partial least squares Discriminant Analysis, Hierarchical cluster analysis was applied to analyze potential serum metabolites. RESULTS The results generated from the principle component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis are sufficient to distinguish between oral submucous fibrosis group and normal group. A total of 15 significant metabolites associated with main pathways were identified, which correlated with the progression of cancer. Up-regulation of glucose metabolism-related metabolites indicated the high energy demand due to enhanced cell division rate in the oral submucous fibrosis group. A significant increase in lipid metabolism-related metabolites revealed the reprogramming of the fatty acids metabolic pathway to fulfilling the need for cell membrane formation in cancer cells. On the other hand, metabolites related to choline phosphocholine, the metabolic pathway was also altered. CONCLUSION Our findings could identify the differentiating metabolites in the oral submucous fibrosis group. Significant alteration in metabolites in the oral submucous fibrosis group exhibited deregulation in metabolic events. The findings reported in the study can be beneficial to further explain the molecular aspects that lead to the progression of oral submucous fibrosis towards carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vertika Rai
- School of Medical Science and Technology, IIT Kharagpur, India.
| | - Surajit Bose
- Awadh Dental College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, India
| | - Satadal Saha
- School of Medical Science and Technology, IIT Kharagpur, India
| | - Virendra Kumar
- Department of NMR, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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15
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Oparin RD, Kiselev MG. Application of Chemometrics Approaches to Analysis of Mid-Infrared Spectra of Ibuprofen Diluted in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 72:1548-1560. [PMID: 30058366 DOI: 10.1177/0003702818775731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work represents a comprehensive analysis of mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectra of ibuprofen diluted in supercritical CO2 (in the temperature range of 40-90 ℃ and at the CO2 density corresponding to 1.3 of its critical value). The study employed mathematical approaches based on data matrix analysis such as two-dimensional cross-correlation analysis (2D-COS) and principal component analysis (PCA). Two-dimensional cross-correlation analysis allowed us to reveal correlations between the spectral contributions constituting the analytical spectral band and assigned to certain ibuprofen conformers, as well as the significance of these correlations. It has been shown that the considerable increase in the total intensity of the analytical spectral band, proportional to the equilibrium ibuprofen concentration in the supercritical CO2 phase, is accompanied by certain redistribution of intensities of the spectral components related to the corresponding conformers. The PCA allowed us to determine the changes of intensities of individual spectral contributions for each thermodynamic point in the considered temperature range. It has been shown that these two complementary methods provide more precise information that may be used as the initial data in the classical analysis of spectral data based on spectral curve deconvolution into individual spectral contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman D Oparin
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo, Russian Federation
| | - Michael G Kiselev
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo, Russian Federation
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16
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Deshpande TM, Quadir A, Obara S, Ibrahim A, Hoag SW. Developing a stable aqueous enteric coating formulation with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS-MF) and colloidal silicon dioxide as anti-tacking agent. Int J Pharm 2018; 542:108-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Rai V, Mukherjee R, Routray A, Ghosh AK, Roy S, Ghosh BP, Mandal PB, Bose S, Chakraborty C. Serum-based diagnostic prediction of oral submucous fibrosis using FTIR spectrometry. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 189:322-329. [PMID: 28826108 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is found to have the highest malignant potentiality among all other pre-cancerous lesions. However, its detection prior to tissue biopsy can be challenging in clinics. Moreover, biopsy examination is invasive and painful. Hence, there is an urgent need of new technology that facilitates accurate diagnostic prediction of OSF prior to biopsy. Here, we used FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric techniques to distinguish the serum metabolic signatures of OSF patients (n=30) and healthy controls (n=30). Serum biochemical analyses have been performed to further support the FTIR findings. Absorbance intensities of 45 infrared wavenumbers differed significantly between OSF and normal serum FTIR spectra representing alterations in carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Nineteen prominent significant wavenumbers (P≤0.001) at 1020, 1025, 1035, 1039, 1045, 1078, 1055, 1100, 1117, 1122, 1151, 1169, 1243, 1313, 1398, 1453, 1544, 1650 and 1725cm-1 provided excellent segregation of OSF spectra from normal using multivariate statistical techniques. These findings provided essential information on the metabolic features of blood serum of OSF patients and established that FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis can be potentially useful in the rapid and accurate preoperative screening/diagnosis of OSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vertika Rai
- School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Rashmi Mukherjee
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Aurobinda Routray
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Ananta Kumar Ghosh
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Seema Roy
- B C Roy Technology Hospital, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Barnali Paul Ghosh
- B C Roy Technology Hospital, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | | | - Surajit Bose
- Awadh Dental College and Hospital, Tata Jamshedpur, India
| | - Chandan Chakraborty
- School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India.
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Traoré M, Kaal J, Martínez Cortizas A. Differentiation between pine woods according to species and growing location using FTIR-ATR. WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:487-504. [PMID: 29497215 PMCID: PMC5816091 DOI: 10.1007/s00226-017-0967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy was applied to 120 samples of heartwood rings from eight individual pine trees from different locations in Spain. Pinus sylvestris cores were collected at the Artikutza natural park (Ps-ART). Pinus nigra cores were collected in Sierra de Cazorla (Pn-LIN) and in La Sagra Mountain (Pn-LSA). Three discriminant analysis tests were performed using all bands (DFT), lignin bands only (DFL) and polysaccharides bands only (DFP), to explore the ability of FTIR-ATR to separate between species and growing location. The DFL model enabled a good separation between pine species, whereas the DFP model enabled differentiation for both species and growing location. The DFT model enabled virtually perfect separation, based on two functions involving twelve FTIR bands. Discrimination between species was related to bands at 860 and 1655 cm-1, which were more intense in P. sylvestris samples, and bands at 1425 and 1635 cm-1, more intense in P. nigra samples. These vibrations were related to differences in lignin structure and polysaccharide linear chains. Discrimination between growing locations was mainly related to polysaccharide absorptions: at 900, 1085 and 1335 cm-1 more representative of Pn-LIN samples, and at 1105 and 1315 cm-1 mostly associated to Pn-LSA samples. These absorptions are related to β-glycosidic linkages (900 cm-1), cellulose and hemicellulose (C-O bonds, 1085 and 1105 cm-1) and content in amorphous/crystalline cellulose (1315 and 1335 cm-1). These results show that FTIR-ATR in combination with multivariate statistics can be a useful tool for species identification and provenancing for pine wood samples of unknown origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Traoré
- Ciencia do Sistema Terra, Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Joeri Kaal
- Ciencia do Sistema Terra, Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencias del Patrimonio (Incipit), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), San Roque 2, 15704 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez Cortizas
- Ciencia do Sistema Terra, Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Singh B, Varshney L, Francis S, Rajneesh. Synthesis and characterization of tragacanth gum based hydrogels by radiation method for use in wound dressing application. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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El Oudiani A, Msahli S, Sakli F. In-depth study of agave fiber structure using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 164:242-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Kalami S, Arefmanesh M, Master E, Nejad M. Replacing 100% of phenol in phenolic adhesive formulations with lignin. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Kalami
- Sustainable Bioproducts DepartmentMississippi State University Mississippi39762
| | - Maryam Arefmanesh
- Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of TorontoM5S 1A1 Canada
| | - Emma Master
- Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of TorontoM5S 1A1 Canada
| | - Mojgan Nejad
- Forestry DepartmentMichigan State University480 Wilson RoadEast Lansing Michigan48824
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22
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Evaluation of usefulness of 2DCorr technique in assessing physicochemical properties of bacterial cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 161:208-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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FT-IR and FT-Raman characterization of non-cellulosic polysaccharides fractions isolated from plant cell wall. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 154:48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.07.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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24
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Śliwińska M, Garcia-Hernandez C, Kościński M, Dymerski T, Wardencki W, Namieśnik J, Śliwińska-Bartkowiak M, Jurga S, Garcia-Cabezon C, Rodriguez-Mendez ML. Discrimination of Apple Liqueurs (Nalewka) Using a Voltammetric Electronic Tongue, UV-Vis and Raman Spectroscopy. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16101654. [PMID: 27735832 PMCID: PMC5087442 DOI: 10.3390/s16101654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The capability of a phthalocyanine-based voltammetric electronic tongue to analyze strong alcoholic beverages has been evaluated and compared with the performance of spectroscopic techniques coupled to chemometrics. Nalewka Polish liqueurs prepared from five apple varieties have been used as a model of strong liqueurs. Principal Component Analysis has demonstrated that the best discrimination between liqueurs prepared from different apple varieties is achieved using the e-tongue and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Raman spectra coupled to chemometrics have not been efficient in discriminating liqueurs. The calculated Euclidean distances and the k-Nearest Neighbors algorithm (kNN) confirmed these results. The main advantage of the e-tongue is that, using PLS-1, good correlations have been found simultaneously with the phenolic content measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method (R² of 0.97 in calibration and R² of 0.93 in validation) and also with the density, a marker of the alcoholic content method (R² of 0.93 in calibration and R² of 0.88 in validation). UV-Vis coupled with chemometrics has shown good correlations only with the phenolic content (R² of 0.99 in calibration and R² of 0.99 in validation) but correlations with the alcoholic content were low. Raman coupled with chemometrics has shown good correlations only with density (R² of 0.96 in calibration and R² of 0.85 in validation). In summary, from the three holistic methods evaluated to analyze strong alcoholic liqueurs, the voltammetric electronic tongue using phthalocyanines as sensing elements is superior to Raman or UV-Vis techniques because it shows an excellent discrimination capability and remarkable correlations with both antioxidant capacity and alcoholic content-the most important parameters to be measured in this type of liqueurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Śliwińska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Engineers School, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Celia Garcia-Hernandez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Engineers School, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Mikołaj Kościński
- The NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Dymerski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Waldemar Wardencki
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Śliwińska-Bartkowiak
- The NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Stefan Jurga
- The NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Cristina Garcia-Cabezon
- Department of Materials Science, Engineers School, University of Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain.
| | - Maria Luz Rodriguez-Mendez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Engineers School, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
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Hussain N, Abbasi T, Abbasi SA. Vermicomposting transforms allelopathic parthenium into a benign organic fertilizer. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 180:180-189. [PMID: 27233043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Vermicompost, which had been derived solely by the action of the epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida on parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus), was tested for its impact on the germination and early growth of green gram (Vigna radiata), ladies finger (Abelmoschus esculentus) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Seedlings were germinated and grown in soil amended with 0 (control), 0.75, 1.5, 2, 4, 8, 20 and 40% (by weight) parthenium vermicompost. Even though parthenium is known to possess strong negative allelopathy, as also plant/animal toxicity in other forms, its vermicompost (VC) manifested none of these attributes. Rather the VC enhanced germination success, introduced plant-friendly physical features in the container media, increased biomass carbon, and was seen to promote early growth as reflected in several morphological and biochemical characteristics in plants which had received parthenium VC in comparison to those which had not. All these effects were statistically significant. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometry revealed that the phenols and the sesquiterpene lactones that are responsible for the negative allelopathic impact of parthenium were largely destroyed in the course of vermicomposting. FTIR spectra also indicated that lignin content of parthenium was reduced during its vermicomposting. The findings open up the possibility that several other invasives known for their negative allelopathy and toxicity may also produce vermicompost which may be plant-friendly and soil-friendly. It also makes it appear possible that the huge quantities of phytomass that is generated annually by parthenium can be gainfully utilized in producing organic fertilizer via vermicomposting, thereby providing a means of exercising some control over parthenium's rampant growth and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseer Hussain
- Centre for Pollution Control & Environmental Engineering, Pondicherry University, Chinnakalapet, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | - Tasneem Abbasi
- Centre for Pollution Control & Environmental Engineering, Pondicherry University, Chinnakalapet, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | - S A Abbasi
- Centre for Pollution Control & Environmental Engineering, Pondicherry University, Chinnakalapet, Puducherry 605 014, India.
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26
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Traoré M, Kaal J, Martínez Cortizas A. Application of FTIR spectroscopy to the characterization of archeological wood. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 153:63-70. [PMID: 26291671 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.07.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Two archeological wood samples were studied by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy. They originate from a shipwreck in Ribadeo Bay in the northwest of Spain and from a beam wood of an old nave of the Cathedral of Segovia in the central Spain. Principal component analysis was applied to the transposed data matrix (samples as columns and spectral bands as rows) of 43 recorded spectra (18 in the shipwreck and 25 in the beam wood). The results showed differences between the two samples, with a larger proportion of carbohydrates and smaller proportion of lignin in the beam than in the shipwreck wood. Within the beam wood, lignin content was significantly lower in the recent than the old tree rings (P=0.005). These variations can be attributed to species differences between the two woods (oak and pine respectively), with a mixture of guaiacyl and syringyl in hardwood lignin, whereas softwood lignin consists almost exclusively of guaiacyl moieties. The influence of environmental conditions on the FTIR fingerprint was probably reflected by enhanced oxidation of lignin in aerated conditions (beam wood) and hydrolysis of carbohydrates in submerged-anoxic conditions (shipwreck wood). Molecular characterization by analytical pyrolysis of selected samples from each wood type confirmed the interpretation of the mechanisms behind the variability in wood composition obtained by the FTIR-ATR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Traoré
- Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
| | - Joeri Kaal
- Instituto de Ciencias del Patrimonio (Incipit), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), San Roque 2, Santiago de Compostela 15704, Spain.
| | - Antonio Martínez Cortizas
- Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
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27
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Gautam R, Vanga S, Ariese F, Umapathy S. Review of multidimensional data processing approaches for Raman and infrared spectroscopy. EPJ TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2015; 2:8. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1140/epjti/s40485-015-0018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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28
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Jiang Y, Lahlali R, Karunakaran C, Kumar S, Davis AR, Bueckert RA. Seed set, pollen morphology and pollen surface composition response to heat stress in field pea. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:2387-97. [PMID: 26081983 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a major legume crop grown in a semi-arid climate in Western Canada, where heat stress affects pollination, seed set and yield. Seed set and pod growth characteristics, along with in vitro percentage pollen germination, pollen tube growth and pollen surface composition, were measured in two pea cultivars (CDC Golden and CDC Sage) subjected to five maximum temperature regimes ranging from 24 to 36 °C. Heat stress reduced percentage pollen germination, pollen tube length, pod length, seed number per pod, and the seed-ovule ratio. Percentage pollen germination of CDC Sage was greater than CDC Golden at 36 °C. No visible morphological differences in pollen grains or the pollen surface were observed between the heat and control-treated pea. However, pollen wall (intine) thickness increased due to heat stress. Mid-infrared attenuated total reflectance (MIR-ATR) spectra revealed that the chemical composition (lipid, proteins and carbohydrates) of each cultivar's pollen grains responded differently to heat stress. The lipid region of the pollen coat and exine of CDC Sage was more stable compared with CDC Golden at 36 °C. Secondary derivatives of ATR spectra indicated the presence of two lipid types, with different amounts present in pollen grains from each cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Jiang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5A8
| | - Rachid Lahlali
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 2V3
| | | | - Saroj Kumar
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 2V3
| | - Arthur R Davis
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5A8
| | - Rosalind A Bueckert
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5A8
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29
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Chylińska M, Szymańska-Chargot M, Kruk B, Zdunek A. Study on dietary fibre by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and chemometric methods. Food Chem 2015; 196:114-22. [PMID: 26593472 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fresh fruit is an important part of the diet of people all over the world as a significant source of water, vitamins and natural sugars. Nowadays it is also one of the main sources of dietary fibre. In fruit the dietary fibre is simply cell wall consisting essentially of polysaccharides. The aim of present study was to predict the contents of pectins, cellulose and hemicelluloses by partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis on the basis of Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra of fruit cell wall residue. The second purpose was to analyse the composition of dietary fibre from fruit based on FT-IR spectral information in combination with chemometric methods (principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)). Additionally the contents of polysaccharides in studied fruits were determined by analytical methods. It has been shown that the analysis of infrared spectra and the use of multivariate statistical methods can be useful for studying the composition of dietary fibre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Chylińska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Beata Kruk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Artur Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
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30
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Sravan Kumar S, Manoj P, Giridhar P. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, chlorophyll content and antioxidant properties of native and defatted foliage of green leafy vegetables. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015; 52:8131-9. [PMID: 26604386 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1959-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
FTIR analysis for five selected green leafy vegetables (GLVs) viz., Hibiscus cannabinus L., (kenaf), H. sabdariffa L., (roselle), Basella alba L., (vine spinach), B. rubra L. (malabar spinach) and Rumex vesicarius L., (sorrel) confirmed the presence of free alcohol, intermolecular bonded alcohol, intramolecular bonded alcohol, alkane, aromatic compounds, imine or oxime or ketone or alkene, phenol and amine stretching. The chlorophyll content was higher in native leaves of B. alba (2.96 g/kg) than defatted samples (1.11 g/kg). Total phenolic content (TPC) in H. sabdariffa native methanol extractives is more (17.6 g/kg) than defatted leaves (9.67 g/kg). Native B. rubra methanol extractives exhibited highest total flavonoid content (TFC) (21.59 g/kg), while that of R. vesicarius was lowest (3.21 g/kg). In general, antioxidant activities showed a significant reduction in retention of antioxidants in both native and defatted GLVs samples of ethanol and methanol extractives. Methanol extractives showed significantly stronger antioxidant activity probably due to greater solubility of phenolics and destruction of cellular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sravan Kumar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - P Manoj
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - P Giridhar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
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31
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Intra-population variation and geographic correlation in Canthon humectus hidalgoensis using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. Ecol Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-014-1195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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32
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Szymanska-Chargot M, Chylinska M, Kruk B, Zdunek A. Combining FT-IR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the cell wall composition changes during apples development. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 115:93-103. [PMID: 25439873 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to quantitatively and qualitatively determine the composition of the cell wall material from apples during development by means of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The FT-IR region of 1500-800 cm(-1), containing characteristic bands for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose, was examined using principal component analysis (PCA), k-means clustering and partial least squares (PLS). The samples were differentiated by development stage and cultivar using PCA and k-means clustering. PLS calibration models for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose content from FT-IR spectra were developed and validated with the reference data. PLS models were tested using the root-mean-square errors of cross-validation for contents of galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose which was 8.30 mg/g, 4.08% and 1.74%, respectively. It was proven that FT-IR spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods has potential for fast and reliable determination of the main constituents of fruit cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Szymanska-Chargot
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin 27, Poland.
| | - M Chylinska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin 27, Poland
| | - B Kruk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin 27, Poland
| | - A Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin 27, Poland
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34
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Szymanska-Chargot M, Zdunek A. Use of FT-IR Spectra and PCA to the Bulk Characterization of Cell Wall Residues of Fruits and Vegetables Along a Fraction Process. FOOD BIOPHYS 2012; 8:29-42. [PMID: 23487553 PMCID: PMC3593005 DOI: 10.1007/s11483-012-9279-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on the analysis of polysaccharide residues from the cell walls of fruits and vegetables: tomato, potato, pumpkin, carrot and celery root. An alcohol-insoluble residue was prepared from plant material by extraction using the hot ethyl alcohol method and then cell wall fractions soluble in trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetate, sodium carbonate and alkaline solution were sequentially extracted. Infrared spectroscopy combined with Fourier transform (FT-IR) was used to evaluate differences among cell wall residues and among species after each step of sequential extraction of pectins and hemicelluloses. Additionally, pectic substances were identified using an Automated Wet Chemistry Analyser. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to FT-IR spectra in two regions: 1,800–1,200 cm−1 and 1,200–800 cm−1 in order to distinguish different components of cell wall polysaccharides. This method also allowed us the possibility of highlighting the most important wavenumbers for each type of polysaccharide: 1,740, 1,610 and 1,240 cm−1 denoting pectins or 1,370 and 1,317 cm−1 denoting hemicelluloses and cellulose, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Szymanska-Chargot
- Department of Microstructure and Mechanics of Biomaterials, Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Science, Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Artur Zdunek
- Department of Microstructure and Mechanics of Biomaterials, Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Science, Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
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Gorzsás A, Stenlund H, Persson P, Trygg J, Sundberg B. Cell-specific chemotyping and multivariate imaging by combined FT-IR microspectroscopy and orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS) analysis reveals the chemical landscape of secondary xylem. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 66:903-14. [PMID: 21332846 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04542.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy combined with microscopy enables chemical information to be acquired from native plant cell walls with high spatial resolution. Combined with a 64 × 64 focal plane array (FPA) detector, 4096 spectra can be simultaneously obtained from a 0.3 × 0.3 mm image; each spectrum represents a compositional and structural 'fingerprint' of all cell wall components. For optimal use and analysis of such a large amount of information, multivariate approaches are preferred. Here, FT-IR microspectroscopy with FPA detection is combined with orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). This allows for: (i) the extraction of spectra from single cell types, (ii) identification and characterization of different chemotypes using the full spectral information, and (iii) further visualization of the pattern of identified chemotypes by multivariate imaging. As proof of concept, the chemotypes of Populus tremula xylem cell types are described. The approach revealed unknown features about chemical plasticity and patterns of lignin composition in wood fibers that would have remained hidden in the dataset with traditional data analysis. The applicability of the method to Arabidopsis xylem and its usefulness in mutant chemotyping is also demonstrated. The methodological approach is not limited to xylem tissues but can be applied to any plant organ/tissue also using other techniques such as Raman and UV microspectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Gorzsás
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå SE-90183, Sweden Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90187, Sweden Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90187, Sweden
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Duan ZQ, Wang JM, Bai L, Zhao ZG, Chen KM. Anatomical and chemical alterations but not photosynthetic dynamics and apoplastic transport changes are involved in the brittleness culm mutation of rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2008; 50:1508-1517. [PMID: 19093969 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2008.00718.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Brittleness culm is an important agronomic trait that has a potential usefulness in agricultural activity as animal forage although the developmental mechanism is not clear yet. In the present study, the anatomical and chemical characteristics as well as some ecophysiological features in the brittleness culm mutation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were investigated. Compared with the wild type (WT), the brittleness culm mutant (bcm) exhibited higher culm vascular bundle distance and lower culm wall thickness, leaf interveinal distance and leaf thickness. Ratio of bundle sheath cell/whole bundle and areas of whole vascular bundles and bundle sheath of leaves were reduced while ratios of xylem and phloem to whole bundles were elevated in bcm. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy analysis and further histochemical and physiological measurements revealed that the different contents and depositions of cell wall components such as pectins, lignin, suberin and cellulose all participated in the mutation of brittleness. However, the mutant presented no significant changes in leaf photosynthetic dynamics and apoplastic transport ability. These results strongly indicate that the alterations in anatomical and chemical characteristics, rather than changes in major ecophysiological features such as photosynthesis and apoplastic transport were involved in the brittleness mutation of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang-Qin Duan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
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37
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Gierlinger N, Goswami L, Schmidt M, Burgert I, Coutand C, Rogge T, Schwanninger M. In Situ FT-IR Microscopic Study on Enzymatic Treatment of Poplar Wood Cross-Sections. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:2194-201. [DOI: 10.1021/bm800300b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Notburga Gierlinger
- Department of Biomaterials, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), umr Physiologie Intégrative de l’Arbre Fruitier et Forestier (PIAF), 234 av. du Brézet, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Institut für Mikrostrukturtechnik, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Boku - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences,
| | - Luna Goswami
- Department of Biomaterials, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), umr Physiologie Intégrative de l’Arbre Fruitier et Forestier (PIAF), 234 av. du Brézet, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Institut für Mikrostrukturtechnik, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Boku - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences,
| | - Martin Schmidt
- Department of Biomaterials, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), umr Physiologie Intégrative de l’Arbre Fruitier et Forestier (PIAF), 234 av. du Brézet, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Institut für Mikrostrukturtechnik, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Boku - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences,
| | - Ingo Burgert
- Department of Biomaterials, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), umr Physiologie Intégrative de l’Arbre Fruitier et Forestier (PIAF), 234 av. du Brézet, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Institut für Mikrostrukturtechnik, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Boku - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences,
| | - Catherine Coutand
- Department of Biomaterials, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), umr Physiologie Intégrative de l’Arbre Fruitier et Forestier (PIAF), 234 av. du Brézet, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Institut für Mikrostrukturtechnik, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Boku - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences,
| | - Tilmann Rogge
- Department of Biomaterials, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), umr Physiologie Intégrative de l’Arbre Fruitier et Forestier (PIAF), 234 av. du Brézet, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Institut für Mikrostrukturtechnik, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Boku - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences,
| | - Manfred Schwanninger
- Department of Biomaterials, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), umr Physiologie Intégrative de l’Arbre Fruitier et Forestier (PIAF), 234 av. du Brézet, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Institut für Mikrostrukturtechnik, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Boku - University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences,
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38
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Chen KM, Wu GL, Wang YH, Tian CT, Samaj J, Baluska F, Lin JX. The block of intracellular calcium release affects the pollen tube development of Picea wilsonii by changing the deposition of cell wall components. PROTOPLASMA 2008; 233:39-49. [PMID: 18726547 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-008-0310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 02/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Two potent drugs, neomycin and TMB-8, which can block intracellular calcium release, were used to investigate their influence on pollen tube growth and cell wall deposition in Picea wilsonii. Apart from inhibiting pollen germination and pollen tube growth, the two drugs largely influenced tube morphology. The drugs not only obviously disturbed the generation and maintenance of the tip-localized Ca(2+) gradient but also led to a heavy accumulation of callose at the tip region of P. wilsonii pollen tubes. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis showed that the deposition of cell wall components, such as carboxylic acid, pectins, and other polysaccharides, in pollen tubes was changed by the two drugs. The results obtained from immunolabeling with different pectin and arabinogalactan protein antibodies agreed well with the FTIR results and further demonstrated that the generation and maintenance of the gradient of cross-linked pectins, as well as the proportional distribution of arabinogalactan proteins in tube cell walls, are essential for pollen tube growth. These results strongly suggest that intracellular calcium release mediates the processes of pollen germination and pollen tube growth in P. wilsonii and its inhibition can lead to abnormal growth by disturbing the deposition of cell wall components in pollen tube tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ming Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
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Popescu CM, Popescu MC, Singurel G, Vasile C, Argyropoulos DS, Willfor S. Spectral characterization of eucalyptus wood. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2007; 61:1168-77. [PMID: 18028695 DOI: 10.1366/000370207782597076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The main difficulties in wood and pulp analyses arise principally from their numerous components with different chemical structures. Therefore, the basic problem in a specific analytical procedure may be the selective separation of the main carbohydrate-derived components from lignin due to their chemical association and structural coexistence. The processing of the wood determines some structural modification in its components depending on the type of wood and the applied procedure. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry and X-ray diffraction have been applied to analyze Eucalyptus g. wood chips and unbleached and chlorite-bleached pulp. The differences between samples have been established by examination of the spectra of the fractions obtained by successive extraction (acetone extractives, acetone free extractive samples, hemicelluloses, and lignins) by evaluating the derivative spectra, band deconvolution, etc. The energy and the hydrogen bonding distance have been evaluated. The relationship between spectral characteristics and sample composition has been established, as well as the variation of the degree of crystallinity after pulping and bleaching. The integral absorption and lignin/carbohydrate ratios calculated from FT-IR spectra of the IR bands assigned to different bending or stretching in lignin groups are stronger in the spectrum of eucalyptus chips than those from brown stock (BS) pulp spectra because of the smaller total amount of lignin in the latter. FT-IR spectra clearly show that after chlorite bleaching the structure of the wood components is partially modified or removed. Along with FT-IR data, the X-ray results confirmed the low content of lignin in the pulp samples by increasing the calculated values of the crystalline parameters. It was concluded that FT-IR spectroscopy can be used as a quick method to differentiate Eucalyptus globulus samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen-Mihaela Popescu
- Romanian Academy P. Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, Ro.700487, IASI, Romania.
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40
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Lo TCT, Kang MW, Wang BC, Chang CA. Glycosyl linkage characteristics and classifications of exo-polysaccharides of some regionally different strains of Lentinula edodes by amplified fragment length polymorphism assay and cluster analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 592:146-53. [PMID: 17512819 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2006] [Revised: 03/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We report here the first combined amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of genomic DNA fingerprinting data and cluster analysis of the exo-polysaccharide glycosyl linkage data of 10 regionally different strains of Lentinula edodes to compare their genetic and structural similarities and differences. In addition, the monosaccharide compositions, molecular weights, glycosyl structural linkages were investigated for the exo-polysaccharides extracted from these different phylogenetic groups of regionally different L. edodes. All exo-polysaccharides had similar molecular weight distribution between 1x10(4) and 3x10(6) Da and the monosaccharide composition analysis revealed the presence of heterogeneous materials containing glucose, mannose, xylose, galactose, fucose, rhamnose and arabinose in different ratios. Among these monosaccharides, the glucose contents are the highest for all but one strain, indicating that glucose probably is the building block of the backbones of these exo-polysaccharides. The AFLP assay data helped to classify the 10 L. edodes strains into three distinct genetic groups. Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric (GC-MS) data revealed five different glycosyl linkage types for these exo-polysaccharides. Most of the exo-polysaccharide backbone structures contain (1-->4)-linked-D-glucopyranosyl and (1-->6)-linked-D-glucopyranosyl moieties. Arabinose 1-->4 linkages and mannose 1-->2 linkages also exist in all strains. The only differences among these linkages are their monosaccharide compositions leading to different degree of backbone and branch formations. Cluster analyses of the GC-MS data of the exo-polysaccharides of the 10 strains resulted in 10 dendrograms. However, four of the 10 dendrograms were identical and were obtained using the average, Ward and weighted linkage type method of Manhattan distance and using the Ward method of Euclidean distance. The results of cluster analyses were not very much different from that of the AFLP assay and allowed the comparison of genetic and structural similarities and differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Chien Ting Lo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
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41
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Lo TCT, Jiang YH, Chao ALJ, Chang CA. Use of statistical methods to find the polysaccharide structural characteristics and the relationships between monosaccharide composition ratio and macrophage stimulatory activity of regionally different strains of Lentinula edodes. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 584:50-6. [PMID: 17386584 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2006] [Revised: 10/23/2006] [Accepted: 10/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple linear regression analysis was used to deduce the correlation between the monosaccharide composition ratios of 10 regionally different strains of Lentinula edodes and their in vitro macrophage stimulatory activities. Arabinose, xylose, mannose and galactose were identified as the monosaccharides that could be related to macrophage stimulatory activities. Additional principal component analysis and factor analysis methods were used to treat the same monosaccharide composition ratio data and the compositions of arabinose, xylose, mannose and galactose were found to be important. Interestingly, glucose, although presented in large compositions in all strains presumably forms the backbone of the polysaccharide structures, is not selected as the determinant factor for either structural characteristics or that of the in vitro macrophage stimulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Chien Ting Lo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
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42
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Laugel C, Yagoubi N, Baillet A. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy: a chemometric approach for studying the lipid organisation of the stratum corneum. Chem Phys Lipids 2005; 135:55-68. [PMID: 15854625 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2005.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2004] [Revised: 12/20/2004] [Accepted: 02/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The barrier function of skin resides in the lipid components of the stratum corneum, particularly their spatial organisation. FTIR spectroscopy has already been used as a relevant tool to study this lipid organisation: IR vibration band shifts have been attributed to the variations in lipid organisation induced by temperature. Our study included a stratum corneum model, composed of the three main lipids: palmitic acid as an example of fatty acids, cholesterol and ceramide III as an example of ceramide. Different films with various ratios of these lipids were studied. In our analytical strategy, the interest of using a chemometric analysis of global data obtained from ATR-FTIR spectra to highlight the main interactions involved in the molecular organisation of lipids has been demonstrated. Two kinds of interaction between the three main lipids have been shown: a non polar interaction between the long hydrocarbon chains and a polar interaction as the hydrogen bonding between polar functional groups. By varying the lipid ratio, we have shown first that the relative importance of each interaction was modified, second, that the induced modification of organisation can be detected by chemometric analysis of the ATR-FTIR spectra. The role of each kind of lipid in the organisation has been discussed. In conclusion, associating the ATR-FTIR with chemometric treatment is a promising tool: firstly, to understand the consequence of lipid relative compositions on the structural organisation of the stratum corneum, secondly, to show the relationship between lipid organisation and percutaneous penetration data. Indeed, this methodology will be transposed to in vivo studies with IR measurements through a probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Laugel
- Groupe de Chimie Analytique de Paris-Sud EA 3343, Faculté de Pharmacie, Avenue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
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Brouwer EAM, Kooij ES, Wormeester H, Hempenius MA, Poelsema B. Application of Principal Component Analysis to Ellipsometric Spectra. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0494234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Martijn Brouwer
- Solid State Physics, MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands, and Material Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - E. Stefan Kooij
- Solid State Physics, MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands, and Material Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Herbert Wormeester
- Solid State Physics, MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands, and Material Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A. Hempenius
- Solid State Physics, MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands, and Material Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Bene Poelsema
- Solid State Physics, MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands, and Material Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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