1
|
Martinez V, Duran EMI, Kimmitt AA, Russell KE, Jill Heatley J, Grace JK. Chronic stress increases adaptive immune response over six weeks in the house sparrow, Passer domesticus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 358:114612. [PMID: 39293532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
The vertebrate stress response enables an organism to shift energy towards activities that promote immediate survival when facing a threat to homeostasis, but it can also have detrimental effects on organismal health. Acute and chronic stressors generally have contrasting effects on immune responses, but the timeline of this transition between acute and chronic stressors and their effects on immune responses remains unclear. In this study, we investigate changes in immune markers in captive house sparrows (Passer domesticus) after exposure to normal laboratory conditions, an acute stressor, and chronic stressors for 42 days. Specifically, we examined changes in baseline and stress-induced corticosterone concentrations, body condition, heterophil/lymphocyte (H:L) ratio, hemolysis-hemagglutination, and wound healing. We found that individuals exposed to a single acute stressor had significantly higher stress-induced corticosterone concentrations 24 h after stressor exposure, however this effect was reversed after 48 h. Chronic stressor exposure resulted in generally stronger adaptive immune responses, demonstrated by higher baseline and stress-induced lysis, higher baseline hemagglutination, and slower wound healing. Within-trait correlations also increased with chronic stressor exposure, suggesting limitations on phenotypic plasticity. Most of the effects of chronic stressor exposure on immune markers strengthened over the 42 days of the experiment and differences between captivity-only and treatment groups were not apparent until approximately 20 days of chronic stressor exposure. These results highlight the importance of stressor duration in understanding the effects of chronic stressor exposure on immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viridiana Martinez
- Dept. of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Elena M I Duran
- Interdisciplinary Doctoral Degree Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Abigail A Kimmitt
- Dept. of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Dept. of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Karen E Russell
- Dept. of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - J Jill Heatley
- Dept. of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jacquelyn K Grace
- Dept. of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Interdisciplinary Doctoral Degree Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Du S, Shang G, Tian X, Liu Z, Yang Y, Niu H, Bian J, Wu Y, Ma J. Effects of DNA Methylation of HPA-Axis Genes of F1 Juvenile Induced by Maternal Density Stress on Behavior and Immune Traits in Root Voles ( Microtus oeconomus)-A Field Experiment. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2467. [PMID: 39272253 PMCID: PMC11393846 DOI: 10.3390/ani14172467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The literature shows that maternal stress can influence behavior and immune function in F1. Yet, most studies on these are from the laboratory, and replicated studies on the mechanisms by which maternal stress drives individual characteristics are still not fully understood in wild animals. We manipulated high- and low-density parental population density using large-scale field enclosures and examined behavior and immune traits. Within the field enclosures, we assessed anti-keyhole limpet hemocyanin immunoglobulin G (anti-KLH IgG) level, phytohemagglutinin (PHA) responses, hematology, cytokines, the depressive and anxiety-like behaviors and prevalence and intensity of coccidial infection. We then collected brain tissue from juvenile voles born at high or low density, quantified mRNA and protein expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) and measured DNA methylation at CpG sites in a region that was highly conserved with the prairie vole CRH and NR3C1 promoter. At high density, we found that the F1 had a lower DNA methylation level of CRH and a higher DNA methylation level of NR3C1, which resulted in an increase in the expression levels of the CRH mRNA and protein expression and further reduced the expression levels of the NR3C1 mRNA and protein expression, and ultimately led to have delayed responses to acute immobilization stress. Juvenile voles born at high density also reduced anti-KLH IgG levels and PHA responses, increased cytokines, and depressive and anxiety-like behaviors, and the effects further led to higher coccidial infection. From the perspective of population density inducing the changes in behavior and immunity at the brain level, our results showed a physiological epigenetic mechanism for population self-regulation in voles. Our results indicate that altering the prenatal intrinsic stress environment can fundamentally impact behavior and immunity by DNA methylation of HPA-axis genes and can further drive population fluctuations in wild animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shouyang Du
- Postdoctoral Research Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Guozhen Shang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810001, China
| | - Xin Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yanbin Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Hongxing Niu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Jianghui Bian
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810001, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jinyou Ma
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Armstrong TA, Boisvert DL, Wells J, Lewis RH, Cooke EM, Woeckener M, Kavish N, Harper JM. Testosterone, cortisol, and psychopathy: Further evidence with the Levenson self-report psychopathy scale and the inventory of callous unemotional traits. Soc Neurosci 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39172261 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2024.2390849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The current study explored associations between testosterone, cortisol, and both the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (LSRPS) and the Inventory of Callous Unemotional (ICU) traits. Data were gathered from a relatively large sample of university students (n = 522) and analyses considered direct and interactive associations between hormones and psychopathic traits, as well as interactions between these associations and the time of day at which samples were gathered and the sex of participants. Baseline cortisol had a negative association with LSRPS primary psychopathy scores. In addition, baseline cortisol interacted with the time of day in association with LSRPS total scores. Simple slopes analyses indicated cortisol had a negative association with LSRPS total scores in the morning but not the afternoon. Interactions among hormone measures were not statistically significant. There was also no evidence for the moderation of associations between hormones and psychopathic traits by sex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Armstrong
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Danielle L Boisvert
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Wells
- Department of Criminal Justice, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Richard H Lewis
- Department of Criminal Justice, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Eric M Cooke
- Criminal Justice Program, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Matthias Woeckener
- Department of Criminal Justice, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, USA
| | - Nicholas Kavish
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - James M Harper
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jankovic-Rankovic J, Panter-Brick C. Physiological and genomic signatures of war and displacement: A comprehensive literature review and future directions. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 166:107084. [PMID: 38788460 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
There are now 108.4 million forcibly displaced people worldwide, many of whom endure adversities that result in trauma, toxic stress, and potentially, altered epigenetic development. This paper provides a comprehensive review of current literature on the biological signatures of war and forced migration among refugee populations. To consolidate evidence and identify key concerns and avenues for future research, we reviewed 36 publications and one article under review, published since 2000, most of which focused on refugees relocated in Europe and the Middle East. This body of work - including cross-sectional, observational, and experimental studies - reveals heterogenous findings regarding human biological responses to war-related adversities and their associations with health outcomes. We conclude with four main observations, regarding why genomic and physiological biomarkers are valuable, what study designs advance understanding of causality and health-promoting interventions, how to prepare for ethical challenges, and why theoretical frameworks and research procedures need more detailed consideration in scientific publications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Panter-Brick
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Jackson School of Global Affairs, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Finseth TT, Smith B, Van Steenis AL, Glahn DC, Johnson M, Ruttle P, Shirtcliff BA, Shirtcliff EA. When virtual reality becomes psychoneuroendocrine reality: A stress(or) review. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 166:107061. [PMID: 38701607 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
This review article was awarded the Dirk Hellhammer award from ISPNE in 2023. It explores the dynamic relationship between stressors and stress from a historical view as well as a vision towards the future of stress research via virtual reality (VR). We introduce the concept of a "syncytium," a permeable boundary that blurs the distinction between stress and stressor, in order to understand why the field of stress biology continues to inadequately measure stress alone as a proxy for the force of external stressors. Using Virtual Reality (VR) as an illustrative example to explicate the black box of stressors, we examine the distinction between 'immersion' and 'presence' as analogous terms for stressor and stress, respectively. We argue that the conventional psychological approaches to stress measurement and appraisal theory unfortunately fall short in quantifying the force of the stressor, leading to reverse causality fallacies. Further, the concept of affordances is introduced as an ecological or holistic tool to measure and design a stressor's force, bridging the gap between the external environment and an individual's physiological response to stress. Affordances also serve to ameliorate shortcomings in stress appraisal by integrating ecological interdependencies. By combining VR and psychobiological measures, this paper aims to unravel the complexity of the stressor-stress syncytium, highlighting the necessity of assessing both the internal and external facets to gain a holistic understanding of stress physiology and shift away from reverse causality reasoning. We find that the utility of VR extends beyond presence to include affordance-based measures of immersion, which can effectively model stressor force. Future research should prioritize the development of tools that can measure both immersion and presence, thereby providing a more comprehensive understanding of how external stressors interact with individual psychological states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brandon Smith
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Oregon, USA
| | | | - David C Glahn
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Megan Johnson
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Oregon, USA
| | - Paula Ruttle
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Oregon, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hackney AC. Exercise and Neuroendocrinology. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39039359 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The intent of this chapter is to provide a basic overview and explanation of the neuroendocrine system responses to an exercise session in healthy adults. Specifically, the physiologic mechanisms for inducing the hormonal responses of this system and the scope of such responses are addressed. Additionally, factors that augment or attenuate exercise hormonal responses are presented as well as issues related to sex differences, and exercise-related hormonal dysfunction.
Collapse
|
7
|
Cobham AE, Rohner N. Unraveling stress resilience: Insights from adaptations to extreme environments by Astyanax mexicanus cavefish. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART B, MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2024; 342:178-188. [PMID: 38247307 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Extreme environmental conditions have profound impacts on shaping the evolutionary trajectory of organisms. Exposure to these conditions elicits stress responses, that can trigger phenotypic changes in novel directions. The Mexican Tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, is an excellent model for understanding evolutionary mechanisms in response to extreme or new environments. This fish species consists of two morphs; the classical surface-dwelling fish and the blind cave-dwellers that inhabit dark and biodiversity-reduced ecosystems. In this review, we explore the specific stressors present in cave environments and examine the diverse adaptive strategies employed by cave populations to not only survive but thrive as successful colonizers. By analyzing the evolutionary responses of A. mexicanus, we gain valuable insights into the genetic, physiological, and behavioral adaptations that enable organisms to flourish under challenging environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ansa E Cobham
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Missouri, Kansas City, USA
| | - Nicolas Rohner
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Missouri, Kansas City, USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tesfaye AH, Kabito GG, Aragaw FM, Mekonnen TH. Prevalence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among shopkeepers in Ethiopia: Evidence from a workplace cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300934. [PMID: 38512873 PMCID: PMC10956884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) are the leading cause of disability worldwide. Shopkeepers are prone to developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders, but they are largely overlooked in research and policy actions, particularly in developing countries. So far, there is a lack of data on the magnitude and factors influencing work-related musculoskeletal disorders among shopkeepers in Ethiopia. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the prevalence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among shopkeepers in Gondar City, Ethiopia. METHODS A workplace-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July to August 2022, in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 625 shopkeepers. The data were collected using an interviewer-administered standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Analysis was made using Stata version 14. Factors associated with the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders were identified using the multivariable Poisson regression model. The adjusted prevalence ratio with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and p-value < 0.05 were applied to establish the significance of associations. RESULTS The overall prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among shopkeepers in the past 12 months was found to be 81.1% (N = 507). The most frequently affected body part was the lower back (46.6%), followed by the upper back (43.8%) and shoulder (35.4%). Being female (p = 0.043), being in the age group of ≥40 years (p = 0.028), being overweight (p = 0.035), experiencing job stress (p = 0.006) and prolonged sitting (p = 0.045) were significant factors for the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among shopkeepers. CONCLUSION This study revealed that shopkeepers face an alarmingly high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Female, older, overweight, stressed and shopkeepers who sit in the same position for long periods of time were identified as particularly vulnerable groups. These findings call for the urgent development and implementation of preventive measures, including ergonomic adjustments, education and training programs, stress management techniques and the promotion of physical activity, to protect this vulnerable workforce from the debilitating effects of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and to ensure their long-term health and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gebisa Guyasa Kabito
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Fantu Mamo Aragaw
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Hambisa Mekonnen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bell C, Rokicki J, Tesli N, Gurholt TP, Hjell G, Fischer-Vieler T, Bang N, Melle I, Agartz I, Andreassen OA, Ringen PA, Rasmussen K, Dahl H, Friestad C, Haukvik UK. Hypothalamic subunit volumes and relations to violence and psychopathy in male offenders with or without a psychotic disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-023-01725-4. [PMID: 38353675 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
The hypothalamus is key to body homeostasis, including regulating cortisol, testosterone, vasopressin, and oxytocin hormones, modulating aggressive behavior. Animal studies have linked the morphology and function of the hypothalamus to aggression and affiliation, with a subregional pattern reflecting the functional division between the hypothalamic nuclei. We explored the relationship between hypothalamic subunit volumes in violent offenders with (PSY-V) and without (NPV) a psychotic disorder, and the association with psychopathy traits. 3T MRI scans (n = 628, all male 18-70 years) were obtained from PSY-V, n = 38, NPV, n = 20, non-violent psychosis patients (PSY-NV), n = 134, and healthy controls (HC), n = 436. The total hypothalamus volume and its eleven nuclei were delineated into five subunits using Freesurfer v7.3. Psychopathy traits were assessed with Psychopathy Checklist-revised (PCL-R). ANCOVAs and linear regressions were used to analyze associations with subunit volumes. Both groups with a history of violence exhibited smaller anterior-superior subunit volumes than HC (NPV Cohen's d = 0.56, p = 0.01 and PSY-V d = 0.38, p = 0.01). There were no significant differences between HC and PSY-NV. PCL-R scores were positively associated with the inferior tubular subunit on a trend level (uncorrected p = 0.045, Cohen's d = 0.04). We found distinct hypothalamic subunit volume reductions in persons with a history of violence independent of concomitant psychotic disorder but not in persons with psychosis alone. The results provide further information about the involvement of the hypothalamus in aggression, which ultimately may lead to the development of targeted treatment for the clinical and societal challenge of aggression and violent behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Bell
- Department of Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, P. O. Box 4956, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jaroslav Rokicki
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre of Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Natalia Tesli
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tiril P Gurholt
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gabriela Hjell
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Østfold Hospital Trust, Graalum, Norway
| | - Thomas Fischer-Vieler
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Nina Bang
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petter Andreas Ringen
- Department of Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, P. O. Box 4956, 0424, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten Rasmussen
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hilde Dahl
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christine Friestad
- Centre of Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- University College of Norwegian Correctional Service, Oslo, Norway
| | - Unn K Haukvik
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre of Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bartoš L, Esattore B, Kotrba R, Pluháček J, Ceacero F, Komárková M, Dušek A, Bartošová J. The effects of challenge or social buffering on cortisol, testosterone, and antler growth in captive red deer (Cervus elaphus) males. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21856. [PMID: 38071205 PMCID: PMC10710442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48476-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We equipped 17 captive red deer males (Cervus elaphus) with GPS collars to measure inter-individual distances throughout the 5-months of the antler growth period. We expected some individuals to associate regularly with others while others would not. We predicted that males aggregating with others within a socially stable environment (Associates) would benefit from a form of "social buffering" and would likely have lowered cortisol (C) and testosterone (T) concentrations. Males only irregularly joining social groupings would experience elevated levels of aggression; according to the "Challenge hypothesis", their T and C concentrations should increase. Interacting with a higher proportion of Associates did indeed reduce C concentrations. Conversely, avoiding Associates and challenging other males stimulated the T secretion. Admittedly, males avoiding regular proximity to others tended to develop the largest antlers. They probably benefited from frequent successful agonistic threats to conspecifics, resulting in elevated T concentrations. Regular association with tolerant, conspecifics and "social buffering" did not seem sufficient for producing larger antlers despite reducing C concentrations. Alternative social strategies were adopted within the same group of individuals and showed how the trade-off between these strategies could have an essential impact on C and T concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luděk Bartoš
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, Praha Uhříneves, 10400, Czech Republic.
- Department of Game Management and Wildlife Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 16521, Praha 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Bruno Esattore
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, Praha Uhříneves, 10400, Czech Republic
- Department of Game Management and Wildlife Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 16521, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kotrba
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, Praha Uhříneves, 10400, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pluháček
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, Praha Uhříneves, 10400, Czech Republic
| | - Francisco Ceacero
- Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16521, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Komárková
- Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16521, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Dušek
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, Praha Uhříneves, 10400, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Bartošová
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, Praha Uhříneves, 10400, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Simmons C, Rodgers EL, Cauffman E. Examining the relation among callous-unemotional traits and cortisol, alpha-amylase, and testosterone reactivity in legal system involved young men. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 158:106391. [PMID: 37776731 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Elevated callous-unemotional (CU) traits (e.g., lack of empathy, deficient guilt/remorse, and shallow affect) are associated with increased antisociality and distinct patterns of cognitive and emotional functioning. Previous investigations have suggested that deficits in physiological stress responses may underlie these associations, yet few studies simultaneously examine the multiple physiological systems responsible for mounting a stress response. To clarify how individuals with and without elevated CU traits respond to acute stress, the current study examined the association between CU traits and hormones released by three systems: cortisol from the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, alpha-amylase from the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), and testosterone from hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Specifically, we used fixed effect regression modeling to examine within-individual changes in each biomarker across the administration of a standardized laboratory stressor (Trier Social Stress Test) in a sample of 55 justice-involved young men (Mage= 22.84). Results indicated significant within-individual changes in cortisol, alpha-amylase, and testosterone following the stressor among those with low or average CU traits. However, those with high levels of CU exhibited no significant changes in their cortisol and testosterone levels. Furthermore, individuals with high CU traits exhibit an asymmetric stress response, such that alpha-amylase and testosterone levels were not associated with changes in cortisol levels. In sum, elevated CU traits were associated with blunted cortisol and testosterone reactivity and asymmetric response to stress. Additional work is needed to determine the behavioral and treatment implications of this distinct stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cortney Simmons
- Arizona State University, PO Box 371000 MC 1251, Glendale, AZ 85069-7100, USA.
| | | | - Elizabeth Cauffman
- Arizona State University, PO Box 371000 MC 1251, Glendale, AZ 85069-7100, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen S, Kertes D, Benner A, Kim SY. Short-term cortisol adaption to discrimination and Mexican-origin adolescents' mental and sleep health. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37791538 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Discrimination experiences are a salient contributor to the health disparities facing Latina/x/o youth. The biopsychosocial model of minority health posits that discrimination influences health through wear and tear on the biological stress responses, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which is a primary stress response system in the body. Emerging evidence suggests that discrimination alters the secretion of cortisol, the end product of the HPA axis, yet, whether the daily processes between discrimination and diurnal cortisol response influence mental and sleep health remains unanswered. This study integrated daily diary and post-diary survey data to examine whether daily diurnal cortisol responses to discrimination influence adolescents' mental (depressive symptoms, anxiety) and sleep (sleep quality, duration) health in a sample of Mexican-origin youth (N = 282; M age = 17.10; 55% female). Results showed that adolescents who experienced more discrimination across the four-day diary period exhibited steeper diurnal cortisol slopes and lower evening cortisol; however, such physiological responses tended to be associated with poorer adolescents' mental and sleep health. The current study underscores the potential adaptation cost associated with short-term cortisol adaptation in the face of discrimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanting Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Darlene Kertes
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aprile Benner
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Su Yeong Kim
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lai CW, Chang CH. Pharmacological activation of the amygdala, but not single prolonged footshock-induced acute stress, interferes with cue-induced motivation toward food rewards in rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1252868. [PMID: 37781505 PMCID: PMC10538645 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1252868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the face of threats, animals adapt their behaviors to cope with the situation. Under such circumstances, irrelevant behaviors are usually suppressed. In this study, we examined whether food-seeking motivation would decrease under activation of the amygdala, an important nucleus in the regulation of stress response in the central nervous system, or after a physical acute stress session. In Experiment 1, we pharmacologically activated the basolateral nucleus (BLA) or the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) before a cue-induced reinstatement test in rats. Our results showed that activation of the BLA or the CeA abolished cue-induced motivation toward food rewards, while locomotor activity and free food intake were not affected. In Experiments 2 and 3, we further assessed anxiety and despair levels, as well as cue-induced reinstatement, after a single prolonged footshock-induced acute stress in rats. Behaviorally, acute stress did not affect anxiety level, despair level, or cue-induced motivation toward food rewards. Physiologically, there was no difference in cellular activities of the amygdala immediately after acute stress. To conclude, our results suggested that pharmacological activation of the amygdala decreased cue-induced motivation toward food reward. However, physiological acute stress did not immediately interfere with the negative emotions, motivation, or amygdala activities of the animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-hui Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Díaz-Mardomingo MDC, Utrera L, Baliyan S, García-Herranz S, Suárez-Falcón JC, Rodríguez-Fernández R, Sampedro-Piquero P, Valencia A, Venero C. Sex-related differences in the associations between diurnal cortisol pattern and social and emotional loneliness in older adults. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1199405. [PMID: 37744609 PMCID: PMC10517049 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1199405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Loneliness is a distressful feeling that can affect mental and physical health, particularly among older adults. Cortisol, the primary hormone of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis (HPA-axis), may act as a biological transducer through which loneliness affects health. While most previous studies have evaluated the association between loneliness, as a unidimensional construct, and diurnal cortisol pattern, no research has examined this relationship discriminating between social and emotional loneliness in older adults. As sex differences in the negative mental health outcomes of loneliness have been reported, we also investigated whether diurnal cortisol indices and loneliness associations occur in a sex-specific manner. Methods We analyzed the diurnal cortisol- pattern in 142 community-dwelling, non-depressed, Caucasian older adults (55,6% female) aged 60-90. Social and emotional (family and romantic) loneliness scores were assessed using the Spanish version of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA). Five salivary cortisol samples were used to capture key features of the diurnal cortisol pattern, including: awakening and bedtime cortisol levels, awakening response (CAR), post-awakening cortisol output (post-awakening cortisol [i.e., the area under the curve with reference to the ground: AUCG]), total diurnal cortisol release (AUCG), and diurnal cortisol slope (DCS). Results After controlling for sociodemographic variables, the hierarchical linear multiple regression analyses revealed that in male older adults, higher scores on social and family loneliness were associated with elevated awakening cortisol levels, total diurnal cortisol output, and a steeper diurnal cortisol slope (DCS). However, these associations were not observed in female older adults. In addition, feelings of romantic loneliness were positively associated with bedtime cortisol levels and AUCG in older males. Multilevel growth curve modeling showed that experiencing more social and emotional loneliness predicted higher diurnal cortisol output throughout the day in older male adults. Discussion The presence of sex differences in the relationship between cortisol indices and loneliness among older adults holds particular significance for diagnostic and screening procedures. Combining loneliness scales as screening tools with diurnal cortisol measures has the potential to be an effective and cost-efficient approach in identifying higher-risk individuals at early stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María del Carmen Díaz-Mardomingo
- Department of Basic Psychology I, UNED, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Mixto de Investigación – Escuela Nacional de Sanidad (IMIENS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Utrera
- Department of Psychobiology, UNED, Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Internacional de Doctorado – Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (EIDUNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Shishir Baliyan
- Department of Psychobiology, UNED, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Psicología Experimental, Procesos Cognitivos y Logopedia, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara García-Herranz
- Instituto Mixto de Investigación – Escuela Nacional de Sanidad (IMIENS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Basic Psychology II, UNED, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Azucena Valencia
- Instituto Mixto de Investigación – Escuela Nacional de Sanidad (IMIENS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology, UNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Venero
- Instituto Mixto de Investigación – Escuela Nacional de Sanidad (IMIENS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology, UNED, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Schull Q, Beauvieux A, Viblanc VA, Metral L, Leclerc L, Romero D, Pernet F, Quéré C, Derolez V, Munaron D, McKindsey CW, Saraux C, Bourjea J. An integrative perspective on fish health: Environmental and anthropogenic pathways affecting fish stress. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115318. [PMID: 37542925 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Multifactorial studies assessing the cumulative effects of natural and anthropogenic stressors on individual stress response are crucial to understand how organisms and populations cope with environmental change. We tested direct and indirect causal pathways through which environmental stressors affect the stress response of wild gilthead seabream in Mediterranean costal lagoons using an integrative PLS-PM approach. We integrated information on 10 environmental variables and 36 physiological variables into seven latent variables reflecting lagoons features and fish health. These variables concerned fish lipid reserves, somatic structure, inorganic contaminant loads, and individual trophic and stress response levels. This modelling approach allowed explaining 30 % of the variance within these 46 variables considered. More importantly, 54 % of fish stress response was explained by the dependent lagoon features, fish age, fish diet, fish reserve, fish structure and fish contaminant load latent variables included in our model. This integrative study sheds light on how individuals deal with contrasting environments and multiple ecological pressures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Schull
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, Sète, France.
| | | | | | - Luisa Metral
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, Sète, France
| | - Lina Leclerc
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, Sète, France
| | - Diego Romero
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional Campus Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, Espinardo, 30071, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fabrice Pernet
- Ifremer/LEMAR UMR 6539, Technopole de Brest-Iroise, Plouzané, France
| | - Claudie Quéré
- Ifremer/LEMAR UMR 6539, Technopole de Brest-Iroise, Plouzané, France
| | | | | | | | - Claire Saraux
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, Sète, France; Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC, UMR, 7178 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jerôme Bourjea
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, Sète, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yeramilli V, Cheddadi R, Benjamin H, Martin C. The Impact of Stress, Microbial Dysbiosis, and Inflammation on Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2206. [PMID: 37764050 PMCID: PMC10534571 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading cause of intestinal morbidity and mortality in neonates. A large body of work exists; however, the pathogenesis of NEC remains poorly understood. Numerous predictors have been implicated in the development of NEC, with relatively less emphasis on maternal factors. Utilizing human tissue plays a crucial role in enhancing our comprehension of the underlying mechanisms accountable for this devastating disease. In this review, we will discuss how maternal stress affects the pathogenesis of NEC and how changes in the intestinal microbiome can influence the development of NEC. We will also discuss the results of transcriptomics-based studies and analyze the gene expression changes in NEC tissues and other molecular targets associated with the pathogenesis of NEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Colin Martin
- Division of Pediatric, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Ave. S., Lowder Building Suite 300, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shukla N, Vemula H, Raval I, Kumar S, Shrivastava V, Chaudhari A, Patel AK, Joshi CG. Integrative miRNA-mRNA network analysis to identify crucial pathways of salinity adaptation in brain transcriptome of Labeo rohita. Front Genet 2023; 14:1209843. [PMID: 37719712 PMCID: PMC10500595 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1209843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Brain being the master regulator of the physiology of animal, the current study focuses on the gene expression pattern of the brain tissue with special emphasis on regulation of growth, developmental process of an organism and cellular adaptation of Labeo rohita against unfavourable environmental conditions. Methods: RNA-seq study was performed on collected brain samples at 8ppt salt concentration and analyzed for differential gene expression, functional annotation and miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. Results: We found that 2450 genes were having significant differential up and down regulation. The study identified 20 hub genes based on maximal clique centrality algorithm. These hub genes were mainly involved in various signaling pathways, energy metabolism and ion transportation. Further, 326 up and 1214 down regulated genes were found to be targeted by 7 differentially expressed miRNAs i.e., oni-miR-10712, oni-miR-10736, ssa-miR-221-3p, ssa-miR-130d-1-5p, ssa-miR-144-5p and oni-miR-10628. Gene ontology analysis of these differentially expressed genes led to the finding that these genes were involved in signal transduction i.e., calcium, FOXO, PI3K-AKT, TGF-β, Wnt and p53 signalling pathways. Differentially expressed genes were also involved in regulation of immune response, environmental adaptation i.e., neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, ECM-receptor interaction, cell adhesion molecules and circadian entrainment, osmoregulation and energy metabolism, which are critical for salinity adaptation. Discussion: The findings of whole transcriptomic study on brain deciphered the miRNA-mRNA interaction patterns and pathways associated with salinity adaptation of L. rohita.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Shukla
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Harshini Vemula
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Ishan Raval
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Sujit Kumar
- Postgraduate Institute of Fisheries Education and Research, Kamdhenu University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Vivek Shrivastava
- Postgraduate Institute of Fisheries Education and Research, Kamdhenu University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Aparna Chaudhari
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kunasegaran K, Ismail AMH, Ramasamy S, Gnanou JV, Caszo BA, Chen PL. Understanding mental fatigue and its detection: a comparative analysis of assessments and tools. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15744. [PMID: 37637168 PMCID: PMC10460155 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental fatigue has shown to be one of the root causes of decreased productivity and overall cognitive performance, by decreasing an individual's ability to inhibit responses, process information and concentrate. The effects of mental fatigue have led to occupational errors and motorway accidents. Early detection of mental fatigue can prevent the escalation of symptoms that may lead to chronic fatigue syndrome and other disorders. To date, in clinical settings, the assessment of mental fatigue and stress is done through self-reported questionnaires. The validity of these questionnaires is questionable, as they are highly subjective measurement tools and are not immune to response biases. This review examines the wider presence of mental fatigue in the general population and critically compares its various detection techniques (i.e., self-reporting questionnaires, heart rate variability, salivary cortisol levels, electroencephalogram, and saccadic eye movements). The ability of these detection tools to assess inhibition responses (which are sensitive enough to be manifested in a fatigue state) is specifically evaluated for a reliable marker in identifying mentally fatigued individuals. In laboratory settings, antisaccade tasks have been long used to assess inhibitory control and this technique can potentially serve as the most promising assessment tool to objectively detect mental fatigue. However, more studies need to be conducted in the future to validate and correlate this assessment with other existing measures of mental fatigue detection. This review is intended for, but not limited to, mental health professionals, digital health scientists, vision researchers, and behavioral scientists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaveena Kunasegaran
- Department of Psychology, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Shamala Ramasamy
- Department of Psychology, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Justin Vijay Gnanou
- Department of Biochemistry, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Brinnell Annette Caszo
- Department of Physiology, International Medial University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Po Ling Chen
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jerath R, Syam M, Ahmed S. The Future of Stress Management: Integration of Smartwatches and HRV Technology. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7314. [PMID: 37687769 PMCID: PMC10490434 DOI: 10.3390/s23177314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
In the modern world, stress has become a pervasive concern that affects individuals' physical and mental well-being. To address this issue, many wearable devices have emerged as potential tools for stress detection and management by measuring heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV), and various metrics related to it. This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of existing research on HRV tracking and biofeedback using smartwatches pairing with reliable 3rd party mobile apps like Elite HRV, Welltory, and HRV4Training specifically designed for stress detection and management. We apply various algorithms and methodologies employed for HRV analysis and stress detection including time-domain, frequency-domain, and non-linear analysis techniques. Prominent smartwatches, such as Apple Watch, Garmin, Fitbit, Polar, and Samsung Galaxy Watch, are evaluated based on their HRV measurement accuracy, data quality, sensor technology, and integration with stress management features. We describe the efficacy of smartwatches in providing real-time stress feedback, personalized stress management interventions, and promoting overall well-being. To assist researchers, doctors, and developers with using smartwatch technology to address stress and promote holistic well-being, we discuss the data's advantages and limitations, future developments, and the significance of user-centered design and personalized interventions.
Collapse
|
20
|
Oshchepkov DY, Makovka YV, Ponomarenko MP, Redina OE, Markel AL. Age-Dependent Changes in the Relationships between Traits Associated with the Pathogenesis of Stress-Sensitive Hypertension in ISIAH Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10984. [PMID: 37446162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most significant risk factors for many cardiovascular diseases. At different stages of hypertension development, various pathophysiological processes can play a key role in the manifestation of the hypertensive phenotype and of comorbid conditions. Accordingly, it is thought that when diagnosing and choosing a strategy for treating hypertension, it is necessary to take into account age, the stage of disorder development, comorbidities, and effects of emotional-psychosocial factors. Nonetheless, such an approach to choosing a treatment strategy is hampered by incomplete knowledge about details of age-related associations between the numerous features that may contribute to the manifestation of the hypertensive phenotype. Here, we used two groups of male F2(ISIAHxWAG) hybrids of different ages, obtained by crossing hypertensive ISIAH rats (simulating stress-sensitive arterial hypertension) and normotensive WAG rats. By principal component analysis, the relationships among 21 morphological, physiological, and behavioral traits were examined. It was shown that the development of stress-sensitive hypertension in ISIAH rats is accompanied not only by an age-dependent (FDR < 5%) persistent increase in basal blood pressure but also by a decrease in the response to stress and by an increase in anxiety. The plasma corticosterone concentration at rest and its increase during short-term restraint stress in a group of young rats did not have a straightforward relationship with the other analyzed traits. Nonetheless, in older animals, such associations were found. Thus, the study revealed age-dependent relationships between the key features that determine hypertension manifestation in ISIAH rats. Our results may be useful for designing therapeutic strategies against stress-sensitive hypertension, taking into account the patients' age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Yu Oshchepkov
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yulia V Makovka
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Mikhail P Ponomarenko
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Olga E Redina
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Arcady L Markel
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Malekpour M, Shekouh D, Safavinia ME, Shiralipour S, Jalouli M, Mortezanejad S, Azarpira N, Ebrahimi ND. Role of FKBP5 and its genetic mutations in stress-induced psychiatric disorders: an opportunity for drug discovery. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1182345. [PMID: 37398599 PMCID: PMC10313426 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1182345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced mental health disorders are affecting many people around the world. However, effective drug therapy for curing psychiatric diseases does not occur sufficiently. Many neurotransmitters, hormones, and mechanisms are essential in regulating the body's stress response. One of the most critical components of the stress response system is the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The FKBP prolyl isomerase 51 (FKBP51) protein is one of the main negative regulators of the HPA axis. FKBP51 negatively regulates the cortisol effects (the end product of the HPA axis) by inhibiting the interaction between glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and cortisol, causing reduced transcription of downstream cortisol molecules. By regulating cortisol effects, the FKBP51 protein can indirectly regulate the sensitivity of the HPA axis to stressors. Previous studies have indicated the influence of FKBP5 gene mutations and epigenetic changes in different psychiatric diseases and drug responses and recommended the FKBP51 protein as a drug target and a biomarker for psychological disorders. In this review, we attempted to discuss the effects of the FKBP5 gene, its mutations on different psychiatric diseases, and drugs affecting the FKBP5 gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Malekpour
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Dorsa Shekouh
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Shadi Shiralipour
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Jalouli
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sahar Mortezanejad
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Konstandi M, Johnson EO. Age-related modifications in CYP-dependent drug metabolism: role of stress. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1143835. [PMID: 37293497 PMCID: PMC10244505 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1143835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating clinical evidence indicates extensive inter-individual variations in the effectiveness and adverse effects of standard treatment protocols, which are largely attributed to the multifactorial regulation of the hepatic CYP-dependent drug metabolism that is connected with either transcriptional or post-translational modifications. Age and stress belong to the most important factors in CYP gene regulation. Alterations in neuroendocrine responses to stress, which are associated with modified hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis function, usually accompany ageing. In this light, ageing followed by a decline of the functional integrity of organs, including liver, a failure in preserving homeostasis under stress, increased morbidity and susceptibility to stress, among others, holds a determinant role in the CYP-catalyzed drug metabolism and thus, in the outcome and toxicity of pharmacotherapy. Modifications in the drug metabolizing capacity of the liver with age have been reported and in particular, a decline in the activity of the main CYP isoforms in male senescent rats, indicating decreased metabolism and higher levels of the drug-substrates in their blood. These factors along with the restricted experience in the use of the most medicines in childhood and elderly, could explain at an extent the inter-individual variability in drug efficacy and toxicity outcomes, and underscore the necessity of designing the treatment protocols, accordingly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Konstandi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Elizabeth O. Johnson
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mousikou M, Kyriakou A, Skordis N. Stress and Growth in Children and Adolescents. Horm Res Paediatr 2023; 96:25-33. [PMID: 34814153 DOI: 10.1159/000521074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The infantile, childhood, and adolescent periods of growth and development also represent times of increased vulnerability to stressors. Growth velocity in each period is dependent on the interplay of genetic, environmental, dietary, socioeconomic, developmental, behavioral, nutritional, metabolic, biochemical, and hormonal factors. A stressor may impact growth directly through modulation of the growth hormone axis or indirectly through other factors. The adaptive response to stressors culminates in behavioral, physiological, and biochemical responses which together support survival and conservation of energy. The immediate response involves activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The time-limited stress response is at once antigrowth, antireproductive, and catabolic with no lasting adverse consequences. However, chronic activation of the stress system and hypercortisolism have consequential negative impacts on growth, thyroid function, reproduction-puberty, and metabolism. High cortisol suppresses growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor 1, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal, and thyroid axes and has been reported to be responsible for an increase in visceral adiposity, a decrease in lean mass, suppression of osteoblastic activity with risk of osteoporosis, and induction of insulin resistance. Early-life adversities, emotional or physical, have been associated with long-term negative physical and mental health outcomes. Existing models of chronic stress corroborate that early-life adversities can affect growth and have consequences in other aspects of well-being throughout the lifespan. Targeted interventions to reduce stress during infancy, childhood, and adolescence can have far-reaching benefits to long-term health as well as attaining adequate growth. In this review, we describe the neuroendocrinology of the stress response, the factors influencing growth, and the impact of chronic stress on growth during critical periods of infancy, childhood, and puberty with particular reference to growth, thyroid, and gonadal axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mousikou
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Makarios Children's Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Kyriakou
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Makarios Children's Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nicos Skordis
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Paedi Center for Specialized Pediatrics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,School of Medicine, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Huang E, Huang J. Music Therapy: A Noninvasive Treatment to Reduce Anxiety and Pain of Colorectal Cancer Patients—A Systemic Literature Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030482. [PMID: 36984483 PMCID: PMC10051791 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Music interventions have been used for patients with cancer to meet their psychological, physical, social, and spiritual needs. This review identified the efficacy of music therapy among adult patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Materials and Methods: We searched the PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases. Only randomized controlled studies reported in English of patients with CRC were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data on patients and intervention measurements. The main outcomes included pain, anxiety, quality of life, mood, nausea, vomiting, vital signs. Results: A total of 147 articles were identified from the search. A total of 10 studies were included in the review. Nine out of the ten studies (90%) showed statistically and clinically significant improvements across the outcome variables. Only one study (10%) found no significant positive effect from music therapy in any of the measured outcomes. Among the seven studies measuring pain as an outcome, four studies (57%) demonstrated that music therapy reduced pain. Three studies (75%) showed that MT reduced anxiety. Conclusions: This systemic review indicates that music therapy might help reduce pain and anxiety for cancer patients, including those with colorectal cancer, who are receiving treatment in palliative care, inpatient care and outpatient care settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan Huang
- Carrollwood Day School, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Jeffrey Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
- Department of Oncological Science, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(813)-745-4673
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Upregulations of α 1 adrenergic receptors and noradrenaline synthases in the medial prefrontal cortex are associated with emotional and cognitive dysregulation induced by post-weaning social isolation in male rats. Neurosci Lett 2023; 797:137071. [PMID: 36642239 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Early-life social isolation induces emotional and cognitive dysregulation, such as increased aggression and anxiety, and decreases neuron excitability in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The noradrenergic system in the mPFC regulates emotion and cognitive function via α1 or α2A adrenergic receptors, depending on noradrenaline levels. However, social isolation-induced changes in the mPFC noradrenergic system have not been reported. Here, male Wistar rats received post-weaning social isolation for nine consecutive weeks and were administered behavioral tests (novel object recognition, elevated plus maze, aggression, and forced swimming, sequentially). Protein expression levels in the mPFC noradrenergic system (α1 and α2A adrenergic receptors, tyrosine hydroxylase, and dopamine-β-hydroxylase used as indices of noradrenaline synthesis and release) were examined through western blotting. Social isolation caused cognitive dysfunction, anxiety-like behavior, and aggression, but not behavioral despair. Socially-isolated rats exhibited increased protein levels of the α1 adrenergic receptor, tyrosine hydroxylase, and dopamine-β-hydroxylase in the mPFC; there was no significant difference between the groups in the α2A adrenergic receptor expression levels. Preferential activation of the α1 adrenergic receptor caused by high noradrenaline concentration in the mPFC may be involved in social isolation-induced emotional and cognitive regulation impairments. Targeting the α1 adrenergic receptor signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic strategy for psychiatric disorders with symptomatic features such as emotional and cognitive dysregulation.
Collapse
|
26
|
Chronic Corticosterone Exposure Suppresses Copper Transport through GR-Mediated Intestinal CTR1 Pathway in Mice. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020197. [PMID: 36829476 PMCID: PMC9953443 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have discovered that chronic stress induces metabolic disorders by affecting iron and zinc metabolism, but the relationship between chronic stress and copper metabolism remains unclear. Here, we explore the influence of chronic corticosterone (CORT) exposure on copper metabolism and its regulatory mechanism in mice. Mice were treated with 100 μg/mL CORT in drinking water for a 4-week trial. We found that CORT treatment resulted in a significant decrease in plasma copper level, plasma ceruloplasmin activity, plasma and liver Cu/Zn-SOD activity, hepatic copper content, and liver metallothionein content in mice. CORT treatment led to the reduction in duodenal expression of copper transporter 1 (CTR1), duodenal cytochrome b (DCYTB), and ATPase copper-transporting alpha (ATP7A) at the mRNA and protein level in mice. CORT treatment activated nuclear glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and down-regulated CRT1 expression in Caco-2 cells, whereas these phenotypes were reversible by an antagonist of GR, RU486. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that GR bound to the Ctr1 promoter in Caco-2 cells. Transient transfection assays in Caco-2 cells demonstrated that the Ctr1 promoter was responsive to the CORT-activated glucocorticoid receptor, whereas mutation/deletion of the glucocorticoid receptor element (GRE) markedly impaired activation of the Ctr1 promoter. In addition, CORT-induced downregulation of Ctr1 promoter activity was markedly attenuated in Caco-2 cells when RU486 was added. These findings present a novel molecular target for CORT that down-regulates intestinal CTR1 expression via GR-mediated trans-repression in mice.
Collapse
|
27
|
Bortoluzzi EM, Goering MJ, Ochoa SJ, Holliday AJ, Mumm JM, Nelson CE, Wu H, Mote BE, Psota ET, Schmidt TB, Jaberi-Douraki M, Hulbert LE. Evaluation of Precision Livestock Technology and Human Scoring of Nursery Pigs in a Controlled Immune Challenge Experiment. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020246. [PMID: 36670787 PMCID: PMC9854951 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives were to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and cutoff values of a visual-based precision livestock technology (NUtrack), and determine the sensitivity and specificity of sickness score data collected with the live observation by trained human observers. At weaning, pigs (n = 192; gilts and barrows) were randomly assigned to one of twelve pens (16/pen) and treatments were randomly assigned to pens. Sham-pen pigs all received subcutaneous saline (3 mL). For LPS-pen pigs, all pigs received subcutaneous lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 300 μg/kg BW; E. coli O111:B4; in 3 mL of saline). For the last treatment, eight pigs were randomly assigned to receive LPS, and the other eight were sham (same methods as above; half-and-half pens). Human data from the day of the challenge presented high true positive and low false positive rates (88.5% sensitivity; 85.4% specificity; 0.871 Area Under Curve, AUC), however, these values declined when half-and-half pigs were scored (75% sensitivity; 65.5% specificity; 0.703 AUC). Precision technology measures had excellent AUC, sensitivity, and specificity for the first 72 h after treatment and AUC values were >0.970, regardless of pen treatment. These results indicate that precision technology has a greater potential for identifying pigs during a natural infectious disease event than trained professionals using timepoint sampling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda M. Bortoluzzi
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Mikayla J. Goering
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Sara J. Ochoa
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Aaron J. Holliday
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68505, USA
| | - Jared M. Mumm
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Catherine E. Nelson
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Statistics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Benny E. Mote
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68505, USA
| | - Eric T. Psota
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Ty B. Schmidt
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68505, USA
| | - Majid Jaberi-Douraki
- Department of Statistics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- 1-DATA, Kansas State University Olathe, Olathe, KS 66061, USA
| | - Lindsey E. Hulbert
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-785-477-2904
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bethge J, Fietz J, Razafimampiandra JC, Ruthsatz K, Dausmann KH. Season and reproductive activity influence cortisol levels in the Malagasy primate Lepilemur edwardsi. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 337:994-1001. [PMID: 36123775 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the year, wild animals are exposed to a variety of challenges such as changing environmental conditions and reproductive activity. These challenges may affect their stress hormone levels for varying durations and in varying intensities and impacts. Measurements of the glucocorticoid hormone cortisol in the hair of mammals are considered a good biomarker for measuring physiological stress and are increasingly used to evaluate stress hormone levels of wild animals. Here, we examined the influence of season, reproductive activity, sex, as well as body condition on hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) in Lepilemur edwardsi, a small Malagasy primate species. L. edwardsi lives in the seasonal dry forests of western Madagascar, which are characterized by a strongly changing resource availability throughout the year. We hypothesized that these seasonal changes of resource availability and additionally the reproductive cycle of this species would influence HCC of L. edwardsi. Results revealed that hair cortisol concentration of females did not change seasonally or with the reproductive cycle. However, we found a significant increase of hair cortisol levels in males from the early wet season during the early dry season (mating season). This increase is presumably due to changed behavior during the mating season, as sportive lemurs travel more and show aggressive behavior during this time of the year. This behavior is energy-costly and stressful, and presumably leads to elevated HCC. As elevated cortisol levels may impair immune function, L. edwardsi males might also be more susceptible to parasites and diseases, which is unfavorable in particular during a period of low resource availability (dry season).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Bethge
- Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, Functional Ecology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joanna Fietz
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jean Claude Razafimampiandra
- Mention Zoologie et Biodiversité Animale, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Katharina Ruthsatz
- TU Braunschweig, Zoological Institute, Evolutionsbiologie, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kathrin H Dausmann
- Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, Functional Ecology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bachman SL, Nashiro K, Yoo H, Wang D, Thayer JF, Mather M. Associations between locus coeruleus MRI contrast and physiological responses to acute stress in younger and older adults. Brain Res 2022; 1796:148070. [PMID: 36088961 PMCID: PMC9805382 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Acute stress activates the brain's locus coeruleus (LC)-noradrenaline system. Recent studies indicate that a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based measure of LC structure is associated with better cognitive outcomes in later life. Yet despite the LC's documented role in promoting physiological arousal during acute stress, no studies have examined whether MRI-assessed LC structure is related to arousal responses to acute stress. In this study, 102 younger and 51 older adults completed an acute stress induction task while we assessed multiple measures of physiological arousal (heart rate, breathing rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, sympathetic tone, and heart rate variability, HRV). We used turbo spin echo MRI scans to quantify LC MRI contrast as a measure of LC structure. We applied univariate and multivariate approaches to assess how LC MRI contrast was associated with arousal at rest and during acute stress reactivity and recovery. In older participants, having higher caudal LC MRI contrast was associated with greater stress-related increases in systolic blood pressure and decreases in HRV, as well as lower HRV during recovery from acute stress. These results suggest that having higher caudal LC MRI contrast in older adulthood is associated with more pronounced physiological responses to acute stress. Further work is needed to confirm these patterns in larger samples of older adults.
Collapse
|
30
|
Bassil K, De Nijs L, Rutten BPF, Van Den Hove DLA, Kenis G. In vitro modeling of glucocorticoid mechanisms in stress-related mental disorders: Current challenges and future perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1046357. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1046357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, in vitro models has been attracting a great deal of attention for the investigation of a number of mechanisms underlying neurological and mental disorders, including stress-related disorders, for which human brain material has rarely been available. Neuronal cultures have been extensively used to investigate the neurobiological effects of stress hormones, in particular glucocorticoids. Despite great advancements in this area, several challenges and limitations of studies attempting to model and investigate stress-related mechanisms in vitro exist. Such experiments often come along with non-standardized definitions stress paradigms in vitro, variations in cell models and cell types investigated, protocols with differing glucocorticoid concentrations and exposure times, and variability in the assessment of glucocorticoid-induced phenotypes, among others. Hence, drawing consensus conclusions from in-vitro stress studies is challenging. Addressing these limitations and aligning methodological aspects will be the first step towards an improved and standardized way of conducting in vitro studies into stress-related disorders, and is indispensable to reach the full potential of in vitro neuronal models. Here, we consider the most important challenges that need to be overcome and provide initial guidelines to achieve improved use of in vitro neuronal models for investigating mechanisms underlying the development of stress-related mental disorders.
Collapse
|
31
|
Sleep Problems and Psychological Well-Being: Baseline Findings from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Can J Aging 2022; 42:230-240. [PMID: 36408684 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980822000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
International studies have demonstrated associations between sleep problems and poor psychological well-being; however, Canadian data are limited. This study investigated this association using cross-sectional baseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, a national survey of 30,097 community-dwelling adults, 45–85 years of age. Short sleep duration, sleep dissatisfaction, insomnia symptoms, and daytime impairment were consistently associated with a higher prevalence of dissatisfaction with life, psychological distress, and poor self-reported mental health. Long sleep duration was associated with a higher prevalence of psychological distress and poor self-reported mental health, but not with dissatisfaction with life. Associations between sleep problems and psychological distress were 11–18 per cent stronger in males. With each 10-year increase in age, the association between daytime impairment and life dissatisfaction increased by 11 per cent, and insomnia symptoms and poor mental health decreased by 11 per cent. Sleep problems in middle-aged and older adults warrant increased attention as a public health problem in Canada.
Collapse
|
32
|
Nist MD, Robinson A, Harrison TM, Pickler RH. An integrative review of clinician-administered comforting touch interventions and acute stress responses of preterm infants. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 67:e113-e122. [PMID: 36137912 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Preterm infants experience numerous stressors in the neonatal intensive care unit. Non-pharmacological interventions, including maternal comforting touch, reduce stress responses of preterm infants; however, the effects of clinician-administered comforting touch are unclear. The purpose of this integrative review was to synthesize findings from clinical trials to determine the effect of clinician-administered comforting touch on preterm infants' acute stress responses. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Eligible clinical trials were published in English between 2001 and October 2021 and reported effects of clinician-administered comforting touch on acute stress responses in preterm infants. SAMPLE Thirty clinical trials were included. RESULTS Researchers tested the effect of comforting static touch, massage, massage with kinesthetic stimulation, sensorial saturation, and Yakson. There was significant heterogeneity in study design, comparison condition, and context of intervention delivery. Results varied; some studies demonstrated efficacy of comforting touch in reducing acute stress responses and others showed no effect. Generally, comforting touch provided during stressful procedures was associated with lower stress responses compared to standard care and was an effective adjunct to other stress management strategies. However, comforting touch alone was insufficient for managing pain, especially during skin-breaking procedures. CONCLUSIONS While comforting touch may be a useful part of stress management plans for preterm infants, additional research is needed to determine when comforting touch is appropriate and effective. IMPLICATIONS Comforting touch is beneficial to preterm infants and should be provided for stress management. For highly intrusive or painful procedures, comforting touch can be provided as part of a comprehensive stress management plan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marliese Dion Nist
- The Ohio State University College of Nursing, 1585 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Audrey Robinson
- The Ohio State University College of Nursing, 1585 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Tondi M Harrison
- The Ohio State University College of Nursing, 1585 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Rita H Pickler
- The Ohio State University College of Nursing, 1585 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear which psychological factors (stressors, emotional correlates, and psychophysiological markers) induce cancer risk. This currently limits the potential for prevention strategies. PURPOSE The aim of this review is to bring forth evidence of stress as a determinant of cancer risk from a public health perspective, written for a broad public of practitioners and scientists. METHODS Based on a semisystematic literature search, the impact of different aspects/types of stress and the potential physiological and behavioral pathways are summarized, while highlighting further research, public health and clinical implications. RESULTS Between 2007 and 2020, 65 case-control or cohort studies have been identified. Apart from overall cancer ( N = 24), 12 cancer types have been associated with psychological stress with most for breast ( N = 21), colorectal ( N = 11) and lung/prostate/pancreas cancer ( N = 8 each). Although the evidence regarding the mechanisms is still scarce, cancer development in relation to stress might be due to interacting and combined effects of different stress(or) types, but such interaction has not really been tested yet. The path from stress towards cancer incidence consists of a biological pathway with endocrinology and immunology as well as stress-induced behavioral pathways, including smoking, alcoholism, sleep disruption, an unhealthy diet, and low physical activity together with the related phenomenon of obesity. CONCLUSION Not only the stress but also the stress-induced lifestyle should be targeted for cancer prevention and treatment. Future research should include a more diverse spectrum of cancer types (not only hormonal related like breast cancer) and of stress measures while also considering behavioral covariates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ananyaa Mohan
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, Lyon, France and Departments of
| | - Nathalie Michels
- Public Health and Primary Care
- Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Armstrong TA, Boisvert DL, Wells J, Lewis RH, Cooke EM, Woeckener M, Kavish N, Vietto N, Harper JM. Testosterone, cortisol, and criminal behavior in men and women. Horm Behav 2022; 146:105260. [PMID: 36122515 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Only two studies to date have considered the joint effects of testosterone and cortisol on direct measures of criminal behavior. The current study extends this earlier work by incorporating the direct and interactive effects of baseline hormone measures and hormone change scores in response to social stress. The current study also extends prior work by considering distinct measures of different criminal behavior types and sex differences. Analyses based on a large sample of undergraduates indicated that testosterone had a positive and statistically significant association with impulsive and violent criminal behavior. The interaction of testosterone with cortisol had a negative association with income generating crime. Simple slopes analyses of this interaction indicated testosterone had a positive association with income generating crime when cortisol was low (-1 SD). Associations between hormones and criminal behavior were not moderated by sex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Armstrong
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Nebraska-Omaha, 6001 Dodge St, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.
| | - Danielle L Boisvert
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Sam Houston State University, 1905 University Ave, Huntsville, TX 77340, USA.
| | - Jessica Wells
- Department of Criminal Justice, Boise State University, 1910 W University Dr, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
| | - Richard H Lewis
- Department of Criminal Justice, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S. University Ave, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA.
| | - Eric M Cooke
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Matthias Woeckener
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Sam Houston State University, 1905 University Ave, Huntsville, TX 77340, USA
| | - Nicholas Kavish
- Department of Psychology and Philosophy, Sam Houston State University, 1905 University Ave, Huntsville, TX 77340, USA.
| | - Nicholas Vietto
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Nebraska-Omaha, 6001 Dodge St, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - James M Harper
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, 1905 University Ave, Huntsville, TX 77340, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gut Microsex/Genderome, Immunity and the Stress Response in the Sexes: An Updated Review. SEXES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sexes3040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex has been universally acknowledged as a confounding factor in every type of biological study, while there are strong sex differences in morbidity along the lifespan. Humans have almost identical genomes (99.2%), yet minor variance in their DNA produces remarkable phenotypic diversity across the human population. On the other hand, metagenomic analysis of the human microbiome is more variable, depending on the sex, lifestyle, geography, and age of individuals under study. Immune responses in humans also exhibit variations, with an especially striking sexual dimorphism, which is at play in several other physiologic processes. Sex steroids have noticeable effects on the composition of the human microbiome along the lifespan, accompanied by parallel changes in immunity and the stress response. Gut microsex/genderome, a recently coined term, defines the sexually dimorphic gut microbiome. Apart from the sex steroids, the stress hormones are also at play in the proliferation of microbes. This review summarizes the concept of gut microsex/genderome under the prism of recent studies on the interrelations of the sexually dimorphic microbiome with immunity and stress.
Collapse
|
36
|
Del Giudice M, Gangestad SW. Hormone ratios suffer from striking lack of robustness to measurement error. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 142:105802. [PMID: 35598493 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hormone ratios are often used to capture the joint effect (or "balance") of two hormones with opposing or mutually suppressive effects. Despite some statistical and interpretative problems, hormone ratios are being increasingly used to examine associations of testosterone/cortisol, estradiol/progesterone, testosterone/estradiol, and other hormone pairs. Here we discuss a methodological problem that has not been previously recognized, namely, the striking lack of robustness of raw hormone ratios in the face of measurement error. Hormone levels are measured with error, both due to inability of assays to perfectly assess concentrations "in the tube" and due to discrepancies between levels at the time of sample collection and effective levels that produce the physiological and/or behavioral effect of interest. Noise in measured hormone levels can be substantially exaggerated by ratios, especially when the distribution of the hormone at the denominator is positively skewed, as is frequently observed. To evaluate the extent of this problem and explore the conditions that exacerbate it, we present two sets of simulations, one using idealized distributions and one using empirically observed distributions from studies of estrogen and progesterone. Results show that the validity of raw hormone ratios-the correlation between measured levels and underlying effective levels-drops rapidly in the presence of realistic levels of measurement error. Log-ratios are much more robust to measurement error, and their validity is more stable across samples; under some conditions (e.g., moderate amounts of noise with positively correlated hormone levels), they may provide a more valid measurement of the underlying raw ratio than the measured raw ratio itself. These findings have important implications for research that uses hormone ratios as predictors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Del Giudice
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Steven W Gangestad
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Somuah-Asante S, Sakamoto K. Stress Buffering and Longevity Effects of Amber Extract on Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans). MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123858. [PMID: 35744983 PMCID: PMC9228897 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Amber is a fossilized tree resin historically used in wound healing and stress relief. Unfortunately, there is no concrete scientific evidence supporting such efficacy. Here, the stress buffering and longevity effect of Amber extract (AE) in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was investigated. Survival assays, health span assays, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Stress biomarker detection assays, Green Fluorescence Proteins (GFP), Real Time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and C. elegans mutants were employed to investigate the stress buffering and longevity effect of AE. In the study, it was observed that AE supplementation improved health span and survival in both normal and stressed worms. Additionally, AE positively regulated stress hormones (cortisol, oxytocin, and dopamine) and decreased fat and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Through the Insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) pathway, AE enhanced the nuclear localization of DAF-16 and the expression of heat shock proteins and antioxidant genes in GFP-tagged worms and at messenger RNA levels. Finally, AE failed to increase the survival of daf-16, daf-2, skn-1 and hsf-1 loss-of-function mutants, confirming the involvement of the IIS pathway. Evidently, AE supplementation relieves stress and enhances longevity. Thus, amber may be a potent nutraceutical for stress relief.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Somuah-Asante
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan;
| | - Kazuichi Sakamoto
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan;
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-853-4676
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Becker DR, Welch B, Monti E, Sullivan H, Helou LB. Investigating Past Trauma in Laryngoresponders Versus Non-Laryngoresponders: Piloting New Methods in an Exploratory Study. J Voice 2022:S0892-1997(22)00144-8. [PMID: 35701254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS This exploratory pilot study aimed to probe the relationship between past experiences of trauma in people who self-identify as "laryngoresponders" compared to those who do not. It also explored the communicative context of past traumatic events in laryngoresponders versus non-laryngoresponders. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, within-subjects experimental design. METHODS 29 vocally healthy cisgender women (ages 19 to 56) completed a battery of validated self-report measures relating to their past traumatic experiences. Participants also completed two original self-report measures designed to provide insight about (1) where stress tends to manifest in their body and (2) communicative settings of participants' past trauma. RESULTS Six participants (21%) self-identified a predictable laryngeal and/or vocal response to acute stress and thus comprise the laryngoresponders group. Laryngoresponders exhibited worse scores on 75% of all trauma-related variables compared to non-laryngoresponders, and Emotional Neglect was disproportionately represented in laryngoresponders. Participants with a reported history of childhood Emotional Neglect (83% of laryngoresponders, 35% of nonlaryngoresponders) reported quantitatively "less ideal" communication experiences in the context of past traumatic experiences. CONCLUSIONS Other investigators identify the larynx as a "vulnerable body pathway" for some women. This pilot study of adult women without voice complaints revealed several commonalities amongst self-reported laryngoresponders, and compels further exploration of the voice-trauma relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brett Welch
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Elisa Monti
- Department of Psychology, The New School, New York City, New York
| | | | - Leah B Helou
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pregnancy in Slaughtered Lambs and Sheep—A Cross-Sectional Study in Three Abattoirs in Switzerland. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12101328. [PMID: 35625174 PMCID: PMC9137804 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The slaughtering of pregnant livestock and its relevance to animal welfare has become an ethically controversial topic. In this study, the prevalence of sheep and lambs being slaughtered while pregnant in Switzerland was assessed as well as the stage of pregnancy and the life signs of the fetuses. Data collection was carried out over one year in three Swiss abattoirs. Overall, 7.6% of the female animals were pregnant at slaughter, and 25.5% of them were in the third trimester of pregnancy, where 81.1% of the fetuses showed signs of life, such as a heartbeat or umbilical artery pulsation. To assess the relevance of animal welfare, it is discussed whether fetuses feel pain and stress. Even though science disagrees as to whether fetuses are capable of feeling conscious pain, it cannot certainly be ruled out, which is why the slaughter of pregnant sheep and lambs should be minimized as much as possible. Abstract The slaughter of pregnant sheep and goats is not restricted in Switzerland. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of pregnant sheep and lambs being slaughtered in Switzerland and to determine the state of gestation and vital signs of the fetuses in order to assess the need to take measures and raise awareness of this issue. The data collection was carried out from March 2021 to February 2022, comprising 115 days in three abattoirs. A total of 18,702 sheep and lambs were included in this cross-sectional study, and 8770 were female (46.9%), 663 of which were pregnant at slaughter (7.6%). The pregnancy rate varied by age category: 404 lambs (6.1%) and 259 sheep (11.9%) were pregnant. The highest pregnancy rate was found in winter (25.7%). Among the 663 pregnancies, more than a quarter were multiple pregnancies (28.2%). A total of 169 animals were in the third trimester of pregnancy (25.5%), where living fetuses were mainly found (81.1%). As it cannot be definitively ruled out that fetuses feel conscious pain, the data from this study underline that, from an ethical point of view, there is a need for action and that measures must be taken to reduce the number of pregnant slaughtered animals.
Collapse
|
40
|
Medina-Perucha L, López-Jiménez T, Holst AS, Jacques-Aviñó C, Munrós-Feliu J, Martínez-Bueno C, Valls-Llobet C, Pinzón-Sanabria D, Vicente-Hernández MM, Berenguera A. Self-Reported Menstrual Alterations During the COVID-19 Syndemic in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:529-544. [PMID: 35444473 PMCID: PMC9013667 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s354655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Available evidence suggests that there might be an association between the stressors experienced during the COVID-19 syndemic and changes in menstrual patterns. The aim of this study was to assess self-reported menstrual alterations during the COVID-19 syndemic among women and people who menstruate aged 18-55 in Spain. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional online survey-based study was conducted (March-July 2021). Descriptive statistics were calculated and multivariate logistic regression models were constructed. This study was conducted as part of the "Equity and Menstrual Health in Spain" research project. Results Among participants (N=17,455), 39.4% reported menstrual alterations since the start of the syndemic. Participants self-reporting long COVID-19 presented higher odds of menstrual alterations (aOR: 1.34, 95% CI, 1.15-1.57). In participants with no history of COVID-19, the risk for self-reported menstrual alterations was significantly higher based on employment situation, among participants experiencing financial issues (eg, financial issues always/many times <12 months: aOR: 1.68, 95% CI, 1.48-1.90), poorer self-perceived health (eg, poor: aOR: 2.00, 95% CI, 1.31-3.07), and those diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (aOR: 1.13, 95% CI, 1.02-1.26). Among participants with a self-reported COVID-19 diagnosis, factors that significantly increased the odds for menstrual alterations were experiencing financial strains (eg, financial issues always/many times <12 months: aOR: 1.53, 95% CI, 1.09-2.14), poorer self-perceived health (eg, poor: aOR: 3.09, 95% CI, 1.01-9.52). Overall, factors that decreased the odds of reporting menstrual alterations included age >25, being a carer, not having a gynecological condition and using hormonal contraception. Discussion and conclusions Findings suggest an impact of the COVID-19 syndemic on menstrual patterns. Social inequities in reporting menstrual alterations were identified. While the risk of reporting menstrual alterations was higher among participants with long COVID-19, evidence is not conclusive. Further research on menstrual health in the context of COVID-19 is needed, also to inform policy and practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Medina-Perucha
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomàs López-Jiménez
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Sofie Holst
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Constanza Jacques-Aviñó
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordina Munrós-Feliu
- Atenció a la Salut Sexual i Reproductiva (ASSIR) Muntanya/La Mina, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain.,Sexual and Reproductive Health Care Research Group (GRASSIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Martínez-Bueno
- Sexual and Reproductive Health Care Research Group (GRASSIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Servei d'Atenció a la Salut Sexual i Reproductiva (ASSIR), Direcció Assistencial d'Atenció Primària, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Anna Berenguera
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament d'Infermeria, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhang Y, Qi E. Happy work: Improving enterprise human resource management by predicting workers' stress using deep learning. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266373. [PMID: 35417484 PMCID: PMC9007354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, workers in most enterprises suffer from excessive occupational stress in the workplace, which negatively affects workers’ productivity, safety, and health. To deal with stress in workers, it is vital for the human resource management (HRM) department to manage stress effectively, bridging the gap between management and stressed employees. To manage stress effectively, the first step is to predict workers’ stress and detect the factors causing stress among workers. Existing methods often rely on the stress assessment questionnaire, which may not be effective to predict workers’ stress, due to 1) the difficulty of collecting the questionnaire data, and 2) the bias brought by workers’ subjectivity when completing the questionnaires. In this paper, we aim to address this issue and accurately predict workers’ stress status based on Deep Learning (DL) approach. We develop two stress prediction models (i.e., stress classification model and stress regression model) and correspondingly design two neural network architectures. We train these two stress prediction models based on workers’ data (e.g., salary, working time, KPI). By conducting experiments over two real-world datasets: ESI and HAJP, we validate that our proposed deep learning-based approach can effectively predict workers’ stress status with 71.2% accuracy in the classification model and 11.1 prediction loss in the regression model. By accurately predicting workers’ stress status with our method, the HRM of enterprises can be improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Ershi Qi
- College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yildiz M, Buyuk B, Kanbur S. The Effect of Chronic Intermittent Cold Exposure on Gastrin-, Somatostatin-, Secretin-, and Serotonin-Containing Cells in the Small Intestine of Rats. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
43
|
Jankovic-Rankovic J, Oka RC, Meyer JS, Snodgrass JJ, Eick GN, Gettler LT. Transient refugees' social support, mental health, and physiological markers: Evidence from Serbian asylum centers. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23747. [PMID: 35349201 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Refugees seeking safety across international borders are often exposed to a wide breadth of psychosocially stressful experiences that may fracture existing sources of social support and impair the generation of new social relationships, with implications for their long-term health and resilience. Using data from recently settled refugees in two asylum centers in Serbia, we examined the associations between social support, mental health, and physiological markers. METHODS In this mixed-method study of refugees (age 18-50 years, n = 76), we collected key socio-demographic information and conducted semi-structured interviews about refugees' journey and stay in Serbia, trauma/loss, and their sources of social support. We also collected self-reported measures of mental well-being as well as physiological markers relevant to repeated exposure to chronic psychosocial stress (fingernail cortisol and dried blood spots for analysis of Epstein-Barr virus [EBV] antibody titers). RESULTS We found that refugees with longer journeys reported lower social support than those with shorter journeys. Refugees with lower social support reported poorer mental well-being, greater PTSD-related symptoms, and higher recent perceived stress than those with higher social support. We also observed that refugees with lower social support and higher recent stress, respectively, tended to exhibit higher fingernail cortisol levels. However, we did not observe comparable patterns linking EBV antibodies with psychosocial functioning. CONCLUSION Our cross-sectional findings are consistent with the notion that social support is likely to be a critical component in effective interventions aimed at mitigating the adverse health effects of relocation-related illnesses and poor social functioning as they await resettlement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahul C Oka
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Jerrold S Meyer
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Josh Snodgrass
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Geeta N Eick
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Lee T Gettler
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.,Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Konstandi M, Johnson EO, Lang MA. Stress as a Potential Regulatory Factor in the Outcome of Pharmacotherapy. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:737716. [PMID: 35401076 PMCID: PMC8984175 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.737716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Konstandi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Elizabeth O Johnson
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhang J, Zhao Y, Sun N, Song M, Chen Y, Li L, Cui H, Yang H, Wang C, Zhang H, Fan H. Lycopene Alleviates Chronic Stress-Induced Spleen Apoptosis and Immunosuppression via Inhibiting the Notch Signaling Pathway in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2889-2897. [PMID: 35212537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress induction in immunosuppression and splenocyte apoptosis is commonly associated with increased susceptibility to various diseases. Lycopene (LYC) is a member of the carotenoid family with immune restoration and anti-apoptotic function. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the protective roles of LYC against spleen injury induced by chronic stress. Herein, male Wistar rats were undergoing chronic restraint stress and/or administered LYC (10 mg/kg) for 21 days. The effective model establishment was validated by open-field tests and levels of corticosterone in serum. Histopathological staining observation displayed that LYC could reduce chronic stress-induced spleen structure damage. Furthermore, LYC treatment significantly reduced the number of apoptotic-positive splenocytes caused by chronic stress via the death receptor apoptotic pathway. We detected the interleukin 4 and interferon γ levels in serum and spleen to determine the ratio of Th1 and Th2 and found that LYC can alleviate the immunosuppression induced by chronic stress. Notably, western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction indicated that LYC can reduce the expression of the Notch-pathway-related proteins and mRNA in rats exposed to chronic stress. Further study of the potential mechanisms by adding the Notch pathway inhibitor DAPT revealed that LYC alleviates the structure damage, apoptosis, and immunosuppression caused by chronic stress via the suppression of the Notch pathway. Overall, this study presents a strong rationale to target LYC as a treatment strategy to relieve chronic stress-induced spleen injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Manyu Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongping Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Haotian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuqiao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Honggang Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Long Z, Huang L, Lyu J, Xia Y, Chen Y, Li R, Wang Y, Li S. The associations of perceived stress with food preferences and activity preferences: a cross-sectional study among Chinese adults. J Affect Disord 2022; 297:430-436. [PMID: 34718037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zichong Long
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Huang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Lyu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanqing Xia
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Department, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 910 Hengshan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shenghui Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, China; MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Roubinov D, Meaney MJ, Boyce WT. Change of pace: How developmental tempo varies to accommodate failed provision of early needs. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:120-134. [PMID: 34547365 PMCID: PMC8648258 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The interplay of genes and environments (GxE) is a fundamental source of variation in behavioral and developmental outcomes. Although the role of developmental time (T) in the unfolding of such interactions has yet to be fully considered, GxE operates within a temporal frame of reference across multiple timescales and degrees of biological complexity. Here, we consider GxExT interactions to understand adversity-induced developmental acceleration or deceleration whereby environmental conditions hasten or hinder children's development. To date, developmental pace changes have been largely explained through a focus on the individual: for example, how adversity "wears down" aging biological systems or how adversity accelerates or decelerates maturation to optimize reproductive fitness. We broaden such theories by positing shifts in developmental pace in response to the parent-child dyad's capacity or incapacity for meeting children's early, physiological and safety needs. We describe empirical evidence and potential neurobiological mechanisms supporting this new conceptualization of developmental acceleration and deceleration. We conclude with suggestions for future research on the developmental consequences of early adverse exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Roubinov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Department of Psychiatry and Sackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3H 1R4, Canada; Child and Brain Development Program, CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A ⁎STAR), 117609, Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - W Thomas Boyce
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Child and Brain Development Program, CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Crane AL, Bairos‐Novak KR, Goldman JA, Brown GE. Chemical disturbance cues in aquatic systems: a review and prospectus. ECOL MONOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam L. Crane
- Department of Biology Concordia University Montreal Quebec H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Kevin R. Bairos‐Novak
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies & College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville Queensland 4811 Australia
| | - Jack A. Goldman
- Institute of Forestry and Conservation University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3B3 Canada
| | - Grant E. Brown
- Department of Biology Concordia University Montreal Quebec H4B 1R6 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Maskal JM, Brito LF, Duttlinger AW, Kpodo KR, McConn BR, Byrd CJ, Richert BT, Marchant JN, Lay DC, Perry SD, Lucy MC, Safranski TJ, Johnson JS. Characterizing the postnatal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response of in utero heat stressed pigs at 10 and 15 weeks of age. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22527. [PMID: 34795321 PMCID: PMC8602641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01889-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In utero heat stress alters postnatal physiological and behavioral stress responses in pigs. However, the mechanisms underlying these alterations have not been determined. The study objective was to characterize the postnatal hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis response of in utero heat-stressed pigs. Pigs were subjected to a dexamethasone suppression test followed by a corticotrophin releasing hormone challenge at 10 and 15 weeks of age. Following the challenge, hypothalamic, pituitary, and adrenal tissues were collected from all pigs for mRNA abundance analyses. At 10 weeks of age, in utero heat-stressed pigs had a reduced (P < 0.05) cortisol response to the corticotrophin releasing hormone challenge versus controls. Additionally, the cortisol response tended to be greater overall (P < 0.10) in 15 versus 10-week-old pigs in response to the dexamethasone suppression test. The cortisol response tended to be reduced overall (P < 0.10) in 15 versus 10-week-old pigs in response to the corticotrophin releasing hormone challenge. Hypothalamic corticotropin releasing hormone mRNA abundance tended to be greater (P < 0.10) in in utero heat-stressed versus control pigs at 15-weeks of age. In summary, in utero heat stress altered some aspects of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis related to corticotropin releasing hormone signaling, and age influenced this response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Maskal
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Luiz F Brito
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Alan W Duttlinger
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Kouassi R Kpodo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Betty R McConn
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Christopher J Byrd
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Brian T Richert
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jeremy N Marchant
- Livestock Behavior Research Unit, USDA-ARS, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Donald C Lay
- Livestock Behavior Research Unit, USDA-ARS, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Shelbi D Perry
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65221, USA
| | - Matthew C Lucy
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65221, USA
| | - Tim J Safranski
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65221, USA
| | - Jay S Johnson
- Livestock Behavior Research Unit, USDA-ARS, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Huang S, Li G, Pan Y, Liu J, Zhao J, Zhang X, Lu W, Wan X, Krebs CJ, Wang Z, Han W, Zhang Z. Population variation alters aggression-associated oxytocin and vasopressin expressions in brains of Brandt's voles in field conditions. Front Zool 2021; 18:56. [PMID: 34717666 PMCID: PMC8557550 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-021-00441-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Density-dependent change in aggressive behavior contributes to the population regulation of many small rodents, but the underlying neurological mechanisms have not been examined in field conditions. We hypothesized that crowding stress and aggression-associated oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in specific regions of the brain may be closely related to aggressive behaviors and population changes of small rodents. We analyzed the association of OT and AVP expression, aggressive behavior, and population density of Brandt’s voles in 24 large semi-natural enclosures (0.48 ha each) in Inner Mongolia grassland. We tested the effects of population density on the OT/AVP system and aggressive behavior by experimentally manipulating populations of Brandt’s voles in the grassland enclosures. High density was positively and significantly associated with more aggressive behavior, and increased expression of mRNA and protein of AVP and its receptor, but decreased expression of mRNA and protein of OT and its receptor in specific brain regions of the voles. Our study suggests that changes in OT/AVP expression are likely a result of the increased psychosocial stress that these voles experience during overcrowding, and thus the OT/AVP system can be used as indicators of density-dependent stressors in Brandt’s voles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongliang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jidong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinrong Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Charles J Krebs
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Zuoxin Wang
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-1270, USA
| | - Wenxuan Han
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|