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Dalu T, Dube T, Dondofema F, Cuthbert RN. Illegal mining impacts on freshwater Potamonautid crab in a subtropical Austral highland biosphere reserve. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165251. [PMID: 37414163 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of surface water by heavy metals, especially mercury, has become a global issue. This problem is particularly exacerbated in rivers and reservoirs situated in developing nations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential contamination effects of illegal gold mining activities on freshwater Potamonautid crabs and to quantify the mercury levels in 49 river sites under three land use classes: communal areas, national parks and timber plantations. We used a combination of field sampling, multivariate analysis and geospatial tools to quantify mercury concentrations in relation to crab abundances. Illegal mining was prevalent throughout the three land use classes, with mercury (Hg) being detected in 35 sites (71.5 %). The mean range of Hg concentrations detected across the three-land uses was: communal areas 0-0.1 mg kg-1, national parks 0-0.3 mg kg-1 and timber plantations 0-0.06 mg kg-1. Mean Hg geo-accumulation index values showed strong to extreme contamination in the national park, with strong contamination observed for communal areas and timber plantations; furthermore, the enrichment factor for Hg concentrations in the communal and national park areas showed extremely high enrichment. Two crab species (i.e., Potamonautes mutareensis, Potamonautes unispinus) were found in the Chimanimani area, with P. mutareensis being the dominant taxon in the region across all the three land use areas. The national parks had higher total crab abundances than communal and timber plantation areas. We observed negative and significant K, Fe, Cu and B effects on total Potamonautid crab abundances, but surprisingly not for other metals such as Hg which might reflect their widespread pollution. Thus, illegal mining was observed to impact the river system, having a serious impact on the crab abundance and habitat quality. Overall, the findings of this study underscores the need to address the issue of illegal mining within the developing world as well as to establish concerted effort from all stakeholders (e.g., government, mining companies, local communities, and civil society groups) to help protect the less charismatic and understudied taxa. In addition, addressing illegal mining and protecting understudied taxa aligns with the SDGs (e.g. SDG 14/15-life below water/life on land) and contributes to global efforts to safeguard biodiversity and promote sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatenda Dalu
- Aquatic Systems Research Group, School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Nelspruit 1200, South Africa; Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study, Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa.
| | - Timothy Dube
- Institute of Water Studies, Department of Earth Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Farai Dondofema
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
| | - Ross N Cuthbert
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, United Kingdom
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Fang TH, Chen WH. Dissolved and particulate nitrogen species partitioning and distribution in the Danshuei River estuary, northern Taiwan. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 164:111981. [PMID: 33482500 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.111981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Danshuei River Estuary (DRE) total and inorganic nitrogen in the dissolved (TDN, DIN) and particulate (TPN, PIN) phases were analyzed to study their distribution and partitioning. The carbon contents in particles were also analyzed. The upper estuary contained higher ammonium concentration (304-557 μM), leading to TDN completely dominating (>95%) the total N (TDN + TPN) pool within the DRE. Ammonium played a crucial role in controlling the speciation variation of DIN and partitioning between dissolved and particulate phases. Nitrification seemed to occur in the salinity >30 region where elevated percentages of nitrite and nitrate were observed. PON dominated the particulate N and contributed an average of 62% of the TPN pool. A constant organic C/N ratio (6.55) was observed in particles, indicating that POM was mainly from phytoplankton detritus. The N distribution coefficient values, log(KD), ranged from 3 to 4, suggesting that the affinity of DIN for particles was weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien Hsi Fang
- Department of Marine Environmental Informatics, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
| | - Wei Hsiang Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Informatics, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
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Rosli NRM, Yahya K. Using Non-supervised Artificial Neural Network for Determination of Anthropogenic Disturbance in a River System. Trop Life Sci Res 2017; 28:189-199. [PMID: 28890770 PMCID: PMC5584833 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2017.28.2.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of river water quality plays an important role in assessing the pollution status and health of the water bodies. Human-induced activities such as domestic activities, aquaculture, agriculture and industries have detrimentally affected the river water quality. Pinang River is one of the important rivers in Balik Pulau District that supplies freshwater for human consumption. A total of 442 physical and chemical parameters data of the Pinang River, Balik Pulau catchment were analysed to determine the sources of pollutants entering the river. Non-supervised artificial neural network (ANN) was employed to classify and cluster the river into upstream, middle-stream and downstream zones. The monitored data and non-supervised ANN analysis demonstrated that the source of nitrate was derived from the upper part of the Pinang River, Balik Pulau while the sources of nitrite, ammonia and ortho-phosphate are predominant at the middle-stream of the river system. Meanwhile, the sources of high total suspended solid and biological oxygen demand were concentrated at the downstream of the river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Ruhayu Mohd Rosli
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Khairun Yahya
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.,School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Wu SS, Han RM, Yang H, Bi FZ, Wang QJ, Wang YH. Characterization of Metals in Surface Sediments from Xiaoyang River, Jiangsu, China. ANAL LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1241800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Wu
- School of Geographical Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Ming Han
- School of Geographical Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Yang
- School of Geographical Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng-Zhi Bi
- School of Geographical Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiao-Jia Wang
- School of Geographical Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Hua Wang
- School of Geographical Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Yılmaz E, Koç C. Organic pollution of the Büyük Menderes River, Turkey and effects on aquaculture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:11493-11506. [PMID: 26968181 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6397-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Water quality was measured at eight stations on the Buyuk Menderes River in Turkey (Adıgüzel dam, Yenice regülator, Sarayköy bridge, Feslek regülator, Yenipazar bridge, Aydın bridge, Koçarlı bridge, Söke regülator) between 2000 and 2013 in February, April, June, August, October and December. The resulting data were evaluated in terms of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), ammoniac-nitrogen (NH3-N), nitrite-nitrogen (NO2-N), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) and orthophosphate (o-PO4) aquaculture. According to the analysis, while river water pollution generally varied during each year, samples from certain measurement points demonstrated high pollution levels throughout the year. In this study, water parameters were classified according to the "Turkish water pollution control regulation." The studied parameters are also compared with TS 266 and WHO guidelines. While levels at Sarayköy station were generally higher than other stations, values at Adıgüzel dam were the lowest, giving it the best water quality of the eight stations. The highest values on a yearly basis were obtained in 2007 due to the severe drought in the Menderes basin within which irrigation water levels fell to 4255 m(3)/ha. The BOD, COD levels are the lowest in 2009 and highest in 2007; the DO level is lowest in 2007 and highest in 2009; NH3-N, NO2-N, and NO3-N parameters are the lowest in 2007 and highest in 2009; and the o-PO4 are at the lowest level in 2004 and seen as the highest in 2007. Analysis of the data was performed by SPSS 21 statistics program. One direction ANOVA was applied to the data, which were also subject to Tukey multiple comparison tests. Differences between groups were evaluated at p < 0.05. Box-plot graphs were used to demonstrate the data distribution. In the study, it was analyzed, the effect of fish species and pollution involved in the Büyük Menderes River so far on fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Yılmaz
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Koç
- Department of City and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey.
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Benthic Nutrient Fluxes from Mangrove Sediments of an Anthropogenically Impacted Estuary in Southern China. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse3020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Li H, Hopke PK, Liu X, Du X, Li F. Application of positive matrix factorization to source apportionment of surface water quality of the Daliao River basin, northeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:80. [PMID: 25655122 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4154-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Surface water monitoring networks play an important role in the stream water quality management. Since a time series of data is obtained from the monitoring network, multivariate statistical techniques can be used to identify important factors or pollution sources of water system. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) is an improved factor analysis tool that has had limited application to water systems. The objective was to apply PMF to monitoring data to apportion water pollution sources in the Daliao River (DLR) basin. The DLR basin includes the Hun and Taizi River catchments in northeast China. This basin is densely populated and heavily industrialized. Fourteen monitoring stations located on the two rivers were used for monitoring 13 physical and chemical parameters from 1990 to 2002. Results show that five sources/processes in the Hun River and four in the Taizi River were identified by marker species and spatial-temporal variations of resolved factors, including point and nonpoint sources for both rivers. In addition, the industrial pollution source emission inventory data were used to compare with the resolved industrial sources. Results reveal that chemical transformations have influenced some chemical species. However, this influence is small compared with observed seasonal variations. Therefore, identification of pollution point and nonpoint sources by their seasonal variations is possible, which will also aid in water quality management. The spatial variation of the industrial pollutants typically corresponded with the urban industrial pollution source inventories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Li
- National Urban Environment Pollution Control Engineering Techniques Research Center, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100037, China
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8
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Ounissi M, Ziouch OR, Aounallah O. Variability of the dissolved nutrient (N, P, Si) concentrations in the Bay of Annaba in relation to the inputs of the Seybouse and Mafragh estuaries. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 80:234-244. [PMID: 24486043 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), phosphate (PO₄) and silicic acid (Si(OH)₄) loads from the Seybouse and the Mafragh estuaries into the Bay of Annaba, Algeria, were assessed at three stations of the Bay over three years. The Seybouse inputs had high levels of DIN and PO₄, in contrast to the Mafragh estuary's near-pristine inputs; Si(OH)₄ levels were low in both estuaries. The DIN:PO₄ molar ratios were over 30 in most samples and the Si(OH)4:DIN ratio was less than 0.5 in the Seybouse waters, but nearly balanced in the Mafragh. The specific fluxes of Si-Si(OH)₄ (400-540 kg Si km⁻² yr⁻¹) were comparable in the two catchments, but those of DIN were several-fold higher in the Seybouse (373 kg N km⁻² yr⁻¹). The inner Bay affected by the Seybouse inputs had high levels of all nutrients, while the Mafragh plume and the outer marine station were less enriched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makhlouf Ounissi
- Department of Marine Science, Badji Mokhtar Annaba University, PO Box 12, Annaba 23000, Algeria.
| | - Omar-Ramzi Ziouch
- Department of Marine Science, Badji Mokhtar Annaba University, PO Box 12, Annaba 23000, Algeria
| | - Ouafia Aounallah
- Department of Marine Science, Badji Mokhtar Annaba University, PO Box 12, Annaba 23000, Algeria
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Kaiser D, Unger D, Qiu G, Zhou H, Gan H. Natural and human influences on nutrient transport through a small subtropical Chinese estuary. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 450-451:92-107. [PMID: 23467180 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Global understanding of land-ocean nutrient fluxes increasingly recognizes the disproportionate importance of small rivers. We studied nutrient fluxes from a small catchment in fast developing southern China to uncover effects of land-use. Water was sampled in the macro-tidal estuary of Nanliu River and adjacent Lianzhou Bay in spring and summer of investigate spatial and temporal variations of dissolved nutrients. High riverine concentrations of nitrate (NO3; up to 220 μM) and phosphate (PO4; up to 3.7 μM) mainly originated from agricultural fertilizer input. Riverine dissolved silica (Si; up to 47 μM) increased in the oligosaline part of the estuary through human disturbance of bottom sediments. Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON; up to 194 μM) and ammonium (NH4; up to 40 μM) concentrations increased within the estuary due to inputs from livestock and mussel beds, respectively. Aquaculture ponds contained high concentrations of NH4 (up to 355 μM) and DON (up to 151 μM) but are not an important source to the estuary due to rare wastewater discharge and low absolute nutrient amounts relative to river export. Nutrient concentrations in Lianzhou Bay were low because tidal currents disperse land-derived nutrients offshore into the adjacent Beibu Gulf. A high proportion of regenerated nitrogen in the bay suggests that primary production is sustained by rapid in situ nutrient cycling between primary producers and benthic consumers. High nutrient export makes the Nanliu River an important nutrient source for the north-western South China Sea, despite its proportionately small size. Macro-tide induced short-term concentration changes exceed variability on seasonal and sub-seasonal scales. All nutrients vary inter-annually and between seasons, depending on precipitation-driven river runoff. Total nutrient export to Beibu Gulf coastal waters is stronger during the high discharge period in summer and autumn. In recent years changing nitrogen to phosphorus ratios have alleviated phosphorus limitation in Lianzhou Bay, permitting increased primary productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kaiser
- Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology, Wetland Dynamics Group, Biogeochemistry & Geology Department, D-28359 Bremen, Fahrenheitstr. 6-8, Germany.
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Hur J, Cho J. Prediction of BOD, COD, and total nitrogen concentrations in a typical urban river using a fluorescence excitation-emission matrix with PARAFAC and UV absorption indices. SENSORS 2012; 12:972-86. [PMID: 22368505 PMCID: PMC3279249 DOI: 10.3390/s120100972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of a real-time monitoring tool for the estimation of water quality is essential for efficient management of river pollution in urban areas. The Gap River in Korea is a typical urban river, which is affected by the effluent of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and various anthropogenic activities. In this study, fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEM) with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and UV absorption values at 220 nm and 254 nm were applied to evaluate the estimation capabilities for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations of the river samples. Three components were successfully identified by the PARAFAC modeling from the fluorescence EEM data, in which each fluorophore group represents microbial humic-like (C1), terrestrial humic-like organic substances (C2), and protein-like organic substances (C3), and UV absorption indices (UV220 and UV254), and the score values of the three PARAFAC components were selected as the estimation parameters for the nitrogen and the organic pollution of the river samples. Among the selected indices, UV220, C3 and C1 exhibited the highest correlation coefficients with BOD, COD, and TN concentrations, respectively. Multiple regression analysis using UV220 and C3 demonstrated the enhancement of the prediction capability for TN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hur
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-ku, Seoul 143-747, Korea.
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11
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Investigation of Dissolved Nutrients in Tropical Coastal Waters in Mauritius. CHEMISTRY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-8650-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Bu H, Meng W, Zhang Y. Nitrogen pollution and source identification in the Haicheng River basin in Northeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:3394-3402. [PMID: 21658748 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A survey was conducted in the Haicheng River near Liaodong Bay to analyze the characteristics and sources of the in-stream nitrogen pollution throughout the year 2010. The results indicated that the total nitrogen (TN) concentrations in the river water all exceeded the GB3838-2002 standard for Class V guideline of 2.0 mg/l at all sampling sites during the sampling seasons. Ammoniacal nitrogen (NH₃-N) dominated TN during the spring season, while nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N) dominated during the summer and autumn seasons. Different forms of nitrogen had significant seasonal variations (p<0.01 or p<0.05). Only NH₃-N and NO₃-N displayed distinct spatial differences at p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively. Most forms of nitrogen were interrelated with physicochemical parameters during different seasons, displaying nitrification and denitrification processes that occurred in the river rather than seasonal biological demand. Based on the nitrogen parameters, the 30 sampling sites were divided into three clusters, by which the pollution sources from chemical nitrogen fertilizers, animal wastes, domestic sewage, and industrial wastewater were identified. Generally, the Haicheng River basin provided about 700tons of the annual TN flux, contributing to the eutrophication of the Liaodong Bay and Bohai Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Bu
- Laboratory of Riverine Ecological Conservation and Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Ecological investigation of zooplankton abundance in the river Haraz, northeast Iran: Impact of environmental variables. ARCH BIOL SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.2298/abs1103785j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of physicochemical properties of Haraz river on its zooplankton
composition and abundance were investigated at three sites for one year
between August 2009 and July 2010. The present study records for the first
time the aspects of zooplankton diversity and composition in relation to the
physicochemical environment of the Haraz river. Only three groups of
zooplankton were found: Rotifera with eighteen genera; Cladocera with nine
and Copepoda with six genera. Rotifera was the predominant group (64.89%),
followed by Cladocera (19.62%) and Copepoda (15.32%). Upstream, the abundance
was 805 individuals/m3, while it varied from 922 to 1126 ind/m3 downstream.
Alkaline pH and nutrients were the main environmental factors which affected
zooplankton abundance in the river. Site variation in dominance, diversity,
evenness and richness were calculated. The study revealed that the presence
of certain species, such as Lepadella sp., Mesocyclops sp., Polyarthra sp.
and Brachionus sp. is considered to be a biological indicator for
eutrophication. The calculated Jack1 values of sites 1 to 3 were 7.624,
16.426 and 19.221, respectively. The Shannon-Wiever species diversity index
(H?) values were also different for all the three sites viz., site 1 (1.992),
site 2 (1.21) and site 3 (2.48). Simpson?s dominance index (H) value was
highest at site 1 (0.692), indicating maximum dominance, whereas at site 3
dominance was the lowest (0.227) and diversity was the highest. Overall, our
results showed that changes in the water quality of the river Haraz have
considerable effects on the composition of zooplankton assemblages that can
potentially affect the functioning of these ecosystems.
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Alonso A, Camargo JA. Effects of pulse duration and post-exposure period on the nitrite toxicity to a freshwater amphipod. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2009; 72:2005-2008. [PMID: 19560820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Revised: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This research assesses the effects of nitrite pulses and post-exposure periods after nitrite exposures on the survival of the freshwater amphipod Eulimnogammarus toletanus. A toxicity bioassay was performed using three different nitrite concentrations (0.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/L NO(2)-N), four pulse exposures (1, 8, 24 and 48 h) for each nitrite concentration, and four post-exposure times until to complete 96 h (i.e., 95, 88, 72 and 48 h, respectively). Our results showed a significant effect of nitrite concentrations, pulses and post-exposure times on the mortality of E. toletanus. The cumulative mortality at the end of pulse and that at the end of post-exposure time (delayed mortality) were different. We conclude that due to the high frequency of intermittent pollution in aquatic ecosystems it is necessary to incorporate the post-exposure effects into the traditional toxicological parameters to achieve a more realistic assessment of toxicants, especially at very short-term exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Alonso
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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Kannel PR, Lee S, Kanel SR, Khan SP, Lee YS. Spatial-temporal variation and comparative assessment of water qualities of urban river system: a case study of the river Bagmati (Nepal). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2007; 129:433-59. [PMID: 17242978 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-006-9375-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2005] [Accepted: 06/28/2006] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The study presents the assessment of variation of water qualities, classification of monitoring networks and detection of pollution sources along the Bagmati River and its tributaries in the Kathmandu valley of Nepal. Seventeen stations, monitored for 23 physical and chemical parameters in pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon and winter seasons, during the period 1999-2003, were selected for the purpose of this study. The study revealed that the upstream river water qualities in the rural areas were increasingly affected from human sewage and chemical fertilizers. In downstream urban areas, the river was heavily polluted with untreated municipal sewage. The contribution of industries to pollute the river was minimal. The higher ratio of COD to BOD (3.74 in the rural and 2.06 in the urban) confirmed the increased industrial activities in the rural areas. An increasing trend of nitrate was found in the rural areas. In the urban areas, increasing trend of phosphorus was detected. The water quality measurement in the study period showed that DO was below 4 mg/l and BOD, COD, TIN, TP and TSS above 39.1, 59.2, 10.1, 0.84 and 199 mg/l, respectively, in the urban areas. In the rural areas, DO was above 6.2 mg/l and BOD, COD, TIN, TP and TSS below 15.9, 31, 5.24, 0.41 and 134.5 mg/l, respectively. The analysis for data from 1988 to 2003 at a key station in the river revealed that BOD was increasing at a rate of 1.8 mg/l in the Bagmati River. A comparative study for the water quality variables in the urban areas showed that the main river and its tributaries were equally polluted. The other comparison showed the urban water qualities were significantly poor as compared with rural. The cluster analysis detected three distinct monitoring groups: (1) low water pollution region, (2) medium water pollution region, (3) heavy water pollution region. For rapid assessment of water qualities using the representative sites could serve to optimize cost and time without loosing any significance of the outcome. The factor analysis revealed distinct groups of sources and pollutions (organics, nutrients, solutes and physicochemical).
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Raj Kannel
- Water Environment and Remediation Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, South Korea.
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Wang XL, Lu YL, He GZ, Han JY, Wang TY. Exploration of relationships between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables using multivariate statistic analysis in a eutrophic shallow lake: a 5-year study. J Environ Sci (China) 2007; 19:920-927. [PMID: 17966847 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(07)60152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the process of the changing phytoplankton patterns can be particularly useful in water quality improvement and management decisions. However, it is generally not easy to illustrate the interactions between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables given their high spatial and temporal heterogeneity. To elucidate relationships between them, in a eutrophic shallow lake, Taihu Lake, relative long-term data set of biotic and abiotic parameters of water quality in the lake were conducted using multivariate statistical analysis within seasonal periodicity. The results indicate that water temperature and total phosphorus (TP) played governing roles in phytoplankton dynamics in most seasons (i.e. temperature in winter, spring and summer; TP in spring, summer and autumn); COD (chemical oxygen demand) and BOD (biological oxygen demand) presented significant positive relationships with phytoplankton biomass in spring, summer and autumn. However, a complex interplay was found between phytoplankton biomass and nitrogen considering significant positive relationships occurring between them in spring and autumn, and conversely negative ones in summer. As the predatory factor, zooplankton presented significant grazing-pressure on phytoplankton biomass during summer in view of negative relationship between them in the season. Significant feedback effects of phytoplankton development were identified in summer and autumn in view that significant relationships were observed between phytoplankton biomass and pH, Trans (transparency of water) and DO. The results indicate that interactions between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables are highly sensitive to seasonal periodicity, which improves understanding of different roles of biotic and abiotic variables upon phytoplankton variability, and hence, advances management methods for eutrophic lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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18
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Wang XL, Lu YL, Han JY, He GZ, Wang TY. Identification of anthropogenic influences on water quality of rivers in Taihu watershed. J Environ Sci (China) 2007; 19:475-481. [PMID: 17915713 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(07)60080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Surface water bodies are progressively subjected to stress as a result of anthropogenic activities. This study assessed and examined the impact of human activities on spatial variation in the water quality of 19 rivers in the Taihu watershed. Concentrations of physicochemical parameters of surface water quality were determined at the mouth of each river during the period of 2000-2004. Multivariate statistical techniques were applied to identify characteristics of the water quality in the studied rivers. The results showed that rivers strongly influenced by household wastewater have the highest concentrations of nutrients (TN and TP). Moreover, rivers in the vicinity of a metropolis presented low dissolved oxygen (DO) levels. However, organic-chemical pollution (petroleum and volatile phenolics) was identified with high localization. Two rivers influenced by sewage from industry and ships were distinguished from other rivers with high values of petroleum. The Taige channel, a river located in Changzhou City that is strongly influenced by wastewater from industry, was characterized with an extraordinarily high value of volatile phenolics. Rivers passing through countries, especially through hilly countries were characterized with high DO contents and low nutrient and organic-chemical pollution, suggesting that agriculture puts less pressure on water quality in adjacent rivers. Therefore, more effort should be made in controlling point pollution to restore water quality in rivers adjacent to cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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19
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Moreno JL, Navarro C, De Las Heras J. Abiotic ecotypes in south-central Spanish rivers: reference conditions and pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2006; 143:388-96. [PMID: 16458399 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2005] [Revised: 11/22/2005] [Accepted: 12/14/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Physico-chemical water quality in five of Spain's main rivers was assessed during the years 2001-2003. A previous physiographical river typology was carried out by applying System B of the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/CE) which distinguished four main river ecotypes: calcareous headwaters, siliceous rivers, plain rivers, and large rivers. The physiographical classification into river ecotypes also corresponded to distinct hydrochemical types. Reference values of ammonium, nitrate and phosphate fitted for local river ecotypes surpassed only slightly the natural and background levels established by the European Environmental Agency (EEA, 2003). Half of the sampled sites were above the limits established as reference conditions. Additionally, concentrations of ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate increased when more percentage of land was dedicated to agriculture and less to forest land.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Moreno
- Centro Regional de Estudios del Agua (CREA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ctra. de las Peñas, km 3, Albacete 02071, Spain.
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20
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Massoud MA, El-Fadel M, Scrimshaw MD, Lester JN. Factors influencing development of management strategies for the Abou Ali River in Lebanon II: seasonal and annual variation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2006; 362:31-41. [PMID: 16336989 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2005] [Revised: 08/23/2005] [Accepted: 09/10/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The water quality of a river at any point reflects several major influences including but are not limited to climatic conditions and anthropogenic inputs. Assessing these influences is essential for managing land and water resources within a particular river catchment. The objectives of this study were to identify the causes of increasing or decreasing trends in the concentrations of various water quality parameters in the Abou Ali River in North Lebanon and to account for the consequential variations both annual and seasonal (low/high flow). The assessment was conducted at the end of the dry season in October 2002 and 2003 and the end of the wet season in March 2003 and 2004. Results established that dissolved oxygen levels were consistently higher at the end of the wet season. The concentrations of biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen and ortho-phosphates did not exhibit a clear seasonal or annual variation. While the levels of total dissolved solids and nitrate nitrogen exhibited a decreasing trend in urban catchments, an increasing trend was observed in rural, agricultural and forested areas. The findings of this study reinforce the notion that management of point and non-point sources should be integrated as the combination of both sources connected with land use results in deleterious effects on water quality. The lack of good quality water hinders economic development and the potential for long term sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A Massoud
- Environmental Processes and Water Technology Research Group, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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21
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Massoud MA, El-Fadel M, Scrimshaw MD, Lester JN. Factors influencing development of management strategies for the Abou Ali River in Lebanon I: spatial variation and land use. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2006; 362:15-30. [PMID: 16313946 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2005] [Revised: 08/23/2005] [Accepted: 09/10/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Surface water bodies are progressively subject to increasing stress as a result of environmentally degrading processes primarily related to anthropogenic activities. This study assesses and examines the impact of land use and land-based activities on the spatial variation in water quality of the Abou Ali River in North Lebanon. It is the first detailed study of its kind in Lebanon and adds to the existing knowledge by shedding light on a relatively small Mediterranean river in a developing country where there is a paucity of such studies. The assessment was conducted at the end of the dry season in 2002 and 2003 and the end of the wet season in 2003 and 2004. The study has demonstrated the importance of anthropogenic influences on the water quality of the Abou Ali River Basin, as concentrations of most contaminants were higher at locations with greatest human activity. The most adversely affected area was the section of the river that flows through an entirely urbanized and highly populated region, the Tripoli conurbation. Upstream rural sites were enriched by contaminants primarily from non-point sources such as agricultural runoff and poultry litter whereas contaminant concentrations at the urban sites were enriched by a combination of sewage discharge and flow of contaminants from upstream. If the Abou Ali River is to be utilized as a managed water resource and its water quality sustained, point source discharges will require treatment and land use management must be planned to minimize the impact of diffuse source pollution on the river. A high priority should be given to the implementation and enforcement of the precautionary and polluter pays principles. Moreover, an effective legal, economic and institutional framework is required to encourage investment in waste reduction and control and to introduce environmentally sound practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A Massoud
- Environmental Processes and Water Technology Research Group, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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22
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Bellos D, Sawidis T. Chemical pollution monitoring of the River Pinios (Thessalia--Greece). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2005; 76:282-92. [PMID: 15925439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2003] [Revised: 10/12/2004] [Accepted: 01/04/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The impact of human activities and environmental factors on the fluctuation of chemical and physicochemical parameters along the Pinios River and its tributaries was studied. Their seasonal variations throughout the years 1996-1998 are also presented. Most of the parameters (physical or chemical) measured in this survey exhibited high spatial and temporal variability. High temperatures during the warm period, attributed both to meteorological conditions and to the geographical relief of Thessalia plain, cause a restriction of the water flow, an accumulation of organic matter and the depletion of the dissolved oxygen in the water. Conductivity and hardness are high during the warm and wet period for different reasons. At the seaward part of the river high conductivity and hardness values indicate extended admixture of seawater. COD values fluctuated seasonally. Among the studied stations along the Pinios River the most polluted was the area where the river has passed the city of Larissa.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bellos
- Department of Botany, University of Thessaloniki, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
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23
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Nielsen M, Larsen LH, Jetten MSM, Revsbech NP. Bacterium-based NO2- biosensor for environmental applications. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 70:6551-8. [PMID: 15528518 PMCID: PMC525188 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.11.6551-6558.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A sensitive NO2- biosensor that is based on bacterial reduction of NO2- to N2O and subsequent detection of the N2O by a built-in electrochemical N2O sensor was developed. Four different denitrifying organisms lacking NO3- reductase activity were assessed for use in the biosensor. The relevant physiological aspects examined included denitrifying characteristics, growth rate, NO2- tolerance, and temperature and salinity effects on the growth rate. Two organisms were successfully used in the biosensor. The preferred organism was Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens, which is an organism with a denitrifying pathway deficient in both NO3- and N2O reductases. Alternatively Alcaligenes faecalis could be used when acetylene was added to inhibit its N2O reductase. The macroscale biosensors constructed exhibited a linear NO2- response at concentrations up to 1 to 2 mM. The detection limit was around 1 microM NO2-, and the 90% response time was 0.5 to 3 min. The sensor signal was specific for NO2-, and interference was observed only with NH2OH, NO, N2O, and H2S. The sensor signal was affected by changes in temperature and salinity, and calibration had to be performed in a system with a temperature and an ionic strength comparable to those of the medium analyzed. A broad range of water bodies could be analyzed with the biosensor, including freshwater systems, marine systems, and oxic-anoxic wastewaters. The NO2- biosensor was successfully used for long-term online monitoring in wastewater. Microscale versions of the NO2- biosensor were constructed and used to measure NO2- profiles in marine sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Bellos D, Sawidis T, Tsekos I. Nutrient chemistry of River Pinios (Thessalia, Greece). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2004; 30:105-115. [PMID: 14664870 DOI: 10.1016/s0160-4120(03)00153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The impact of human activities with 3-year monitoring on the fluctuation of nutrients along the Pinios River and its tributaries were studied. Their seasonal variations throughout the years 1996-1998 were also presented. High temperatures, from June to August, cause a restriction of the water flow, an enhancement of nutrient concentration with the subsequent increase of eutrophication. High concentrations of nutrients were observed first in winter (wet period), caused by leaching of fertilizers from terrestrial systems after heavy rainfall, later during the warm months due to low water flow of the river, and at last in autumn when plant organisms began to decompose. The intensive algal and macrophyte growth (spring, summer) resulted in severe depletion of nutrients. Organic carbon showed no seasonal trend but its values were high near the estuaries. Nitrate fluxes were high at the initial station (sources) and the Titarisios tributary, whereas nitrites and ammonium were low. In contrary, the Kalentzis tributary with relatively low nitrate values showed increased values of nitrite ammonium or total nitrogen. On the other hand, the Enipeas tributary showed high SO4 values. Phosphates are remarkably present mainly after the city of Larissa, where sewage and industrial discharges occur. None of the nutrients measured in the Pinios River and its tributaries showed a clear seasonal cycle of concentration. Concentrations of nutrients and organic carbon increased as a consequence of anthropogenic inputs, particularly point discharges from sewage treatment plants (i.e. showing distinct, but variable, concentration peaks), as well as diffuse urban and/or agricultural runoff over long areas during storm events. The agricultural management, the urban pollution, mainly from Larissa City, and the climate conditions in the catchment basin (Thessalia Plain) of Pinios River and its tributaries greatly affect the chemical composition of their waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bellos
- Department of Botany, University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
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