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Sun SY, Nie L, Zhang J, Fang X, Luo H, Fu C, Wei Z, Tang AH. The interaction between KIF21A and KANK1 regulates dendritic morphology and synapse plasticity in neurons. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:209-223. [PMID: 38767486 PMCID: PMC11246154 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202501000-00029/figure1/v/2024-05-14T021156Z/r/image-tiff Morphological alterations in dendritic spines have been linked to changes in functional communication between neurons that affect learning and memory. Kinesin-4 KIF21A helps organize the microtubule-actin network at the cell cortex by interacting with KANK1; however, whether KIF21A modulates dendritic structure and function in neurons remains unknown. In this study, we found that KIF21A was distributed in a subset of dendritic spines, and that these KIF21A-positive spines were larger and more structurally plastic than KIF21A-negative spines. Furthermore, the interaction between KIF21A and KANK1 was found to be critical for dendritic spine morphogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Knockdown of either KIF21A or KANK1 inhibited dendritic spine morphogenesis and dendritic branching, and these deficits were fully rescued by coexpressing full-length KIF21A or KANK1, but not by proteins with mutations disrupting direct binding between KIF21A and KANK1 or binding between KANK1 and talin1. Knocking down KIF21A in the hippocampus of rats inhibited the amplitudes of long-term potentiation induced by high-frequency stimulation and negatively impacted the animals' cognitive abilities. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the function of KIF21A in modulating spine morphology and provide insight into its role in synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yan Sun
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lingyun Nie
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xue Fang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hongmei Luo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chuanhai Fu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhiyi Wei
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Brain Research Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ai-Hui Tang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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Brandt N, Köper F, Hausmann J, Bräuer AU. Spotlight on plasticity-related genes: Current insights in health and disease. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 260:108687. [PMID: 38969308 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The development of the central nervous system is highly complex, involving numerous developmental processes that must take place with high spatial and temporal precision. This requires a series of complex and well-coordinated molecular processes that are tighly controlled and regulated by, for example, a variety of proteins and lipids. Deregulations in these processes, including genetic mutations, can lead to the most severe maldevelopments. The present review provides an overview of the protein family Plasticity-related genes (PRG1-5), including their role during neuronal differentiation, their molecular interactions, and their participation in various diseases. As these proteins can modulate the function of bioactive lipids, they are able to influence various cellular processes. Furthermore, they are dynamically regulated during development, thus playing an important role in the development and function of synapses. First studies, conducted not only in mouse experiments but also in humans, revealed that mutations or dysregulations of these proteins lead to changes in lipid metabolism, resulting in severe neurological deficits. In recent years, as more and more studies have shown their involvement in a broad range of diseases, the complexity and broad spectrum of known and as yet unknown interactions between PRGs, lipids, and proteins make them a promising and interesting group of potential novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Brandt
- Research Group Anatomy, Department of Human Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Köper
- Research Group Anatomy, Department of Human Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jens Hausmann
- Research Group Anatomy, Department of Human Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Anja U Bräuer
- Research Group Anatomy, Department of Human Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany; Research Center for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
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3
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Garcia SB, Schlotter AP, Pereira D, Polleux F, Hammond LA. RESPAN: an accurate, unbiased and automated pipeline for analysis of dendritic morphology and dendritic spine mapping. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.06.597812. [PMID: 38895232 PMCID: PMC11185717 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.06.597812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Accurate and unbiased reconstructions of neuronal morphology, including quantification of dendritic spine morphology and distribution, are widely used in neuroscience but remain a major roadblock for large-scale analysis. Traditionally, spine analysis has required labor-intensive manual annotation, which is prone to human error and impractical for large 3D datasets. Previous automated tools for reconstructing neuronal morphology and quantitative dendritic spine analysis face challenges in generating accurate results and, following close inspection, often require extensive manual correction. While recent tools leveraging deep learning approaches have substantially increased accuracy, they lack functionality and useful outputs, necessitating additional tools to perform a complete analysis and limiting their utility. In this paper, we describe Restoration Enhanced SPine And Neuron (RESPAN) analysis, a new comprehensive pipeline developed as an open-source, easily deployable solution that harnesses recent advances in deep learning and GPU processing. Our approach demonstrates high accuracy and robustness, validated extensively across a range of imaging modalities for automated dendrite and spine mapping. It also offers extensive visual and tabulated data outputs, including detailed morphological and spatial metrics, dendritic spine classification, and 3D renderings. Additionally, RESPAN includes tools for validating results, ensuring scientific rigor and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio B. Garcia
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexa P. Schlotter
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniela Pereira
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon 1400-038, Portugal
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luke A. Hammond
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Kelly-Castro EC, Shear R, Dindigal AH, Bhagwat M, Zhang H. MARK1 regulates dendritic spine morphogenesis and cognitive functions in vivo. Exp Neurol 2024; 376:114752. [PMID: 38484863 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic spines play a pivotal role in synaptic communication and are crucial for learning and memory processes. Abnormalities in spine morphology and plasticity are observed in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, yet the underlying signaling mechanisms remain poorly understood. The microtubule affinity regulating kinase 1 (MARK1) has been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, and the MARK1 gene shows accelerated evolution in the human lineage suggesting a role in cognition. However, the in vivo role of MARK1 in synaptogenesis and cognitive functions remains unknown. Here we show that forebrain-specific conditional knockout (cKO) of Mark1 in mice causes defects in dendritic spine morphogenesis in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons with a significant reduction in spine density. In addition, we found loss of MARK1 causes synaptic accumulation of GKAP and GluA2. Furthermore, we found that MARK1 cKO mice show defects in spatial learning in the Morris water maze and reduced anxiety-like behaviors in the elevated plus maze. Taken together, our data show a novel role for MARK1 in regulating dendritic spine morphogenesis and cognitive functions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Kelly-Castro
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, USA
| | - Rebecca Shear
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, USA
| | - Ankitha H Dindigal
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, USA
| | - Maitreyee Bhagwat
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, USA
| | - Huaye Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, USA.
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Merino‐Serrais P, Plaza‐Alonso S, Hellal F, Valero‐Freitag S, Kastanauskaite A, Plesnila N, DeFelipe J. Structural changes of CA1 pyramidal neurons after stroke in the contralesional hippocampus. Brain Pathol 2024; 34:e13222. [PMID: 38012061 PMCID: PMC11007010 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been made with regard to understanding how the adult brain responds after a stroke. However, a large number of patients continue to suffer lifelong disabilities without adequate treatment. In the present study, we have analyzed possible microanatomical alterations in the contralesional hippocampus from the ischemic stroke mouse model tMCAo 12-14 weeks after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. After individually injecting Lucifer yellow into pyramidal neurons from the CA1 field of the hippocampus, we performed a detailed three-dimensional analysis of the neuronal complexity, dendritic spine density, and morphology. We found that, in both apical (stratum radiatum) and basal (stratum oriens) arbors, CA1 pyramidal neurons in the contralesional hippocampus of tMCAo mice have a significantly higher neuronal complexity, as well as reduced spine density and alterations in spine volume and spine length. Our results show that when the ipsilateral hippocampus is dramatically damaged, the contralesional hippocampus exhibits several statistically significant selective alterations. However, these alterations are not as significant as expected, which may help to explain the recovery of hippocampal function after stroke. Further anatomical and physiological studies are necessary to better understand the modifications in the "intact" contralesional lesioned brain regions, which are probably fundamental to recover functions after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Merino‐Serrais
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología BiomédicaUniversidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain
- Departamento de Neurobiología Funcional y de SistemasInstituto Cajal, CSICMadridSpain
| | - Sergio Plaza‐Alonso
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología BiomédicaUniversidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain
- Departamento de Neurobiología Funcional y de SistemasInstituto Cajal, CSICMadridSpain
| | - Farida Hellal
- Laboratory of Experimental Stroke Research, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich (LMU)MunichGermany
- iTERM, Helmholtz CenterMunichGermany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (Synergy)MunichGermany
| | - Susana Valero‐Freitag
- Laboratory of Experimental Stroke Research, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich (LMU)MunichGermany
| | - Asta Kastanauskaite
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología BiomédicaUniversidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain
- Departamento de Neurobiología Funcional y de SistemasInstituto Cajal, CSICMadridSpain
| | - Nikolaus Plesnila
- Laboratory of Experimental Stroke Research, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich (LMU)MunichGermany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (Synergy)MunichGermany
| | - Javier DeFelipe
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología BiomédicaUniversidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain
- Departamento de Neurobiología Funcional y de SistemasInstituto Cajal, CSICMadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
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Moreno-Sanchez A, Vasserman AN, Jang H, Hina BW, von Reyn CR, Ausborn J. Morphology and synapse topography optimize linear encoding of synapse numbers in Drosophila looming responsive descending neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.24.591016. [PMID: 38712267 PMCID: PMC11071487 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.591016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Synapses are often precisely organized on dendritic arbors, yet the role of synaptic topography in dendritic integration remains poorly understood. Utilizing electron microscopy (EM) connectomics we investigate synaptic topography in Drosophila melanogaster looming circuits, focusing on retinotopically tuned visual projection neurons (VPNs) that synapse onto descending neurons (DNs). Synapses of a given VPN type project to non-overlapping regions on DN dendrites. Within these spatially constrained clusters, synapses are not retinotopically organized, but instead adopt near random distributions. To investigate how this organization strategy impacts DN integration, we developed multicompartment models of DNs fitted to experimental data and using precise EM morphologies and synapse locations. We find that DN dendrite morphologies normalize EPSP amplitudes of individual synaptic inputs and that near random distributions of synapses ensure linear encoding of synapse numbers from individual VPNs. These findings illuminate how synaptic topography influences dendritic integration and suggest that linear encoding of synapse numbers may be a default strategy established through connectivity and passive neuron properties, upon which active properties and plasticity can then tune as needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Moreno-Sanchez
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Alexander N. Vasserman
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States
| | - HyoJong Jang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bryce W. Hina
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Catherine R. von Reyn
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jessica Ausborn
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States
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7
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Falahati H, Wu Y, De Camilli P. Ectopic Reconstitution of a Spine-Apparatus Like Structure Provides Insight into Mechanisms Underlying Its Formation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.16.589782. [PMID: 38659799 PMCID: PMC11042382 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.16.589782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a continuous cellular endomembrane network that displays focal specializations. Most notable examples of such specializations include the spine apparatus of neuronal dendrites, and the cisternal organelle of axonal initial segments. Both organelles exhibit stacks of smooth ER sheets with a narrow lumen and interconnected by a dense protein matrix. The actin-binding protein synaptopodin is required for their formation. Here, we report that expression in non-neuronal cells of a synaptopodin construct targeted to the ER is sufficient to generate stacked ER cisterns resembling the spine apparatus with molecular properties distinct from the surrounding ER. Cisterns within these stacks are connected to each other by an actin-based matrix that contains proteins also found at the spine apparatus of neuronal spines. These findings reveal a critical role of a synaptopodin-dependent actin matrix in generating cisternal stacks. These ectopically generated structures provide insight into spine apparatus morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Falahati
- HHMI; Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology; Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, 100 College Street, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
| | - Yumei Wu
- HHMI; Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology; Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, 100 College Street, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- HHMI; Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology; Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, 100 College Street, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
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Wang X, Feng J, Luan S, Zhou Y, Zhang S, Su H, Wang Z. Linkage of CDC42 and T-helper cell ratio with anxiety, depression and quality of life in ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Biomark Med 2024; 18:157-168. [PMID: 38440868 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2023-0712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the correlations between CDC42 and T-cell subsets concerning anxiety, depression and quality of life in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods: Sera from 156 participants were analyzed for CDC42 levels and Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells. Results: CDC42 correlated with reduced Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg ratios, lower anxiety and depression, and higher EuroQol visual analog scale (EQ-VAS) score. The Th17/Treg ratio correlated with elevated anxiety, depression, EuroQol-5 dimensions score and decreased EQ-VAS score. The Th1/Th2 ratio was positively related to the EQ-VAS score. Conclusion: CDC42 correlates with reduced Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg ratios, reduced anxiety and depression, and improved quality of life in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Wang
- Department of Psychology, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, 056002, China
| | - Junjie Feng
- Department of Psychology, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, 056002, China
| | - Shaohua Luan
- Department of Cardiology Ward 3, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, 056002, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry Ward 9, Beijing Anding Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Shipan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Hongling Su
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, 056002, China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, 056002, China
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Kume D, Kozawa Y, Kawakami R, Ishii H, Watakabe Y, Uesugi Y, Imamura T, Nemoto T, Sato S. Graded arc beam in light needle microscopy for axially resolved, rapid volumetric imaging without nonlinear processes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:7289-7306. [PMID: 38439413 DOI: 10.1364/oe.516437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
High-speed three-dimensional (3D) imaging is essential for revealing the structure and functions of biological specimens. Confocal laser scanning microscopy has been widely employed for this purpose. However, it requires a time-consuming image-stacking procedure. As a solution, we previously developed light needle microscopy using a Bessel beam with a wavefront-engineered approach [Biomed. Opt. Express13, 1702 (2022)10.1364/BOE.449329]. However, this method applies only to multiphoton excitation microscopy because of the requirement to reduce the sidelobes of the Bessel beam. Here, we introduce a beam that produces a needle spot while eluding the intractable artifacts due to the sidelobes. This beam can be adopted even in one-photon excitation fluorescence 3D imaging. The proposed method can achieve real-time, rapid 3D observation of 200-nm particles in water at a rate of over 50 volumes per second. In addition, fine structures, such as the spines of neurons in fixed mouse brain tissue, can be visualized in 3D from a single raster scan of the needle spot. The proposed method can be applied to various modalities in biological imaging, enabling rapid 3D image acquisition.
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Caznok Silveira AC, Antunes ASLM, Athié MCP, da Silva BF, Ribeiro dos Santos JV, Canateli C, Fontoura MA, Pinto A, Pimentel-Silva LR, Avansini SH, de Carvalho M. Between neurons and networks: investigating mesoscale brain connectivity in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1340345. [PMID: 38445254 PMCID: PMC10912403 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1340345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of brain connectivity has been a cornerstone in understanding the complexities of neurological and psychiatric disorders. It has provided invaluable insights into the functional architecture of the brain and how it is perturbed in disorders. However, a persistent challenge has been achieving the proper spatial resolution, and developing computational algorithms to address biological questions at the multi-cellular level, a scale often referred to as the mesoscale. Historically, neuroimaging studies of brain connectivity have predominantly focused on the macroscale, providing insights into inter-regional brain connections but often falling short of resolving the intricacies of neural circuitry at the cellular or mesoscale level. This limitation has hindered our ability to fully comprehend the underlying mechanisms of neurological and psychiatric disorders and to develop targeted interventions. In light of this issue, our review manuscript seeks to bridge this critical gap by delving into the domain of mesoscale neuroimaging. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of conditions affected by aberrant neural connections, image acquisition techniques, feature extraction, and data analysis methods that are specifically tailored to the mesoscale. We further delineate the potential of brain connectivity research to elucidate complex biological questions, with a particular focus on schizophrenia and epilepsy. This review encompasses topics such as dendritic spine quantification, single neuron morphology, and brain region connectivity. We aim to showcase the applicability and significance of mesoscale neuroimaging techniques in the field of neuroscience, highlighting their potential for gaining insights into the complexities of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara Caznok Silveira
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Carolina Pedro Athié
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Filomena da Silva
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Canateli
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marina Alves Fontoura
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Allan Pinto
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Simoni Helena Avansini
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Murilo de Carvalho
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
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11
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Go J, Maeng SY, Chang DH, Park HY, Min KS, Kim JE, Choi YK, Noh JR, Ro H, Kim BC, Kim KS, Lee CH. Agathobaculum butyriciproducens improves ageing-associated cognitive impairment in mice. Life Sci 2024; 339:122413. [PMID: 38219919 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The gut microbiota is increasingly recognised as a pivotal regulator of immune system homeostasis and brain health. Recent research has implicated the gut microbiota in age-related cognitive impairment and dementia. Agathobaculum butyriciproducens SR79 T (SR79), which was identified in the human gut, has been reported to be beneficial in addressing cognitive deficits and pathophysiologies in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. However, it remains unknown whether SR79 affects age-dependent cognitive impairment. MAIN METHOD To explore the effects of SR79 on cognitive function during ageing, we administered SR79 to aged mice. Ageing-associated behavioural alterations were examined using the open field test (OFT), tail suspension test (TST), novel object recognition test (NORT), Y-maze alternation test (Y-maze), and Morris water maze test (MWM). We investigated the mechanisms of action in the gut and brain using molecular and histological analyses. KEY FINDINGS Administration of SR79 improved age-related cognitive impairment without altering general locomotor activity or depressive behaviour in aged mice. Furthermore, SR79 increased mature dendritic spines in the pyramidal cells of layer III and phosphorylation of CaMKIIα in the cortex of aged mice. Age-related activation of astrocytes in the cortex of layers III-V of the aged brain was reduced following SR79 administration. Additionally, SR79 markedly increased IL-10 production and Foxp3 and Muc2 mRNA expression in the colons of aged mice. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that treatment with SR79 may be a beneficial microbial-based approach for enhancing cognitive function during ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Go
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Maeng
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; College of Biosciences & Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Chang
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Park
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Seon Min
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Eun Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Keun Choi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ran Noh
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunju Ro
- College of Biosciences & Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Chan Kim
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; HealthBiome, Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Shim Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Youseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Youseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Tamayo JM, Osman HC, Schwartzer JJ, Ashwood P. The influence of asthma on neuroinflammation and neurodevelopment: From epidemiology to basic models. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 116:218-228. [PMID: 38070621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a highly heterogeneous inflammatory disease that can have a significant effect on both the respiratory system and central nervous system. Population based studies and animal models have found asthma to be comorbid with a number of neurological conditions, including depression, anxiety, and neurodevelopmental disorders. In addition, maternal asthma during pregnancy has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring, such as autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In this article, we review the most current epidemiological studies of asthma that identify links to neurological conditions, both as it relates to individuals that suffer from asthma and the impacts asthma during pregnancy may have on offspring neurodevelopment. We also discuss the relevant animal models investigating these links, address the gaps in knowledge, and explore the potential future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Tamayo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Hadley C Osman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jared J Schwartzer
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Department of Psychology and Education, Mount Holyoke College, 50 College Street, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA
| | - Paul Ashwood
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, CA 95817, USA.
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13
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Parkins EV, Brager DH, Rymer JK, Burwinkel JM, Rojas D, Tiwari D, Hu YC, Gross C. Mir324 knockout regulates the structure of dendritic spines and impairs hippocampal long-term potentiation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21919. [PMID: 38082035 PMCID: PMC10713680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49134-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are an emerging class of synaptic regulators. These small noncoding RNAs post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression, thereby altering neuronal pathways and shaping cell-to-cell communication. Their ability to rapidly alter gene expression and target multiple pathways makes them interesting candidates in the study of synaptic plasticity. Here, we demonstrate that the proconvulsive microRNA miR-324-5p regulates excitatory synapse structure and function in the hippocampus of mice. Both Mir324 knockout (KO) and miR-324-5p antagomir treatment significantly reduce dendritic spine density in the hippocampal CA1 subregion, and Mir324 KO, but not miR-324-5p antagomir treatment, shift dendritic spine morphology, reducing the proportion of thin, "unstable" spines. Western blot and quantitative Real-Time PCR revealed changes in protein and mRNA levels for potassium channels, cytoskeletal components, and synaptic markers, including MAP2 and Kv4.2, which are important for long-term potentiation (LTP). In line with these findings, slice electrophysiology revealed that LTP is severely impaired in Mir324 KO mice, while neurotransmitter release probability remains unchanged. Overall, this study demonstrates that miR-324-5p regulates dendritic spine density, morphology, and plasticity in the hippocampus, potentially via multiple cytoskeletal and synaptic modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma V Parkins
- University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Graduate Program, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Darrin H Brager
- Center for Learning and Memory, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Jeffrey K Rymer
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - John M Burwinkel
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Diego Rojas
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Durgesh Tiwari
- University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Graduate Program, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Yueh-Chiang Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Transgenic Animal and Genome Editing Core Facility, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Christina Gross
- University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Graduate Program, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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14
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Sarkala HB, Jahanshahi M, Dolatabadi LK, Namavar MR. G-CSF improved the memory and dendritic morphology impairments in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons after brain ischemia in the male rats. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2573-2581. [PMID: 37728699 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke remains the leading cause of death and disability in the world. A new potential treatment for stroke is the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), which exerts neuroprotective effects through multiple mechanisms. Memory impairment is the most common cognitive problem after a stroke. The suggested treatment for memory impairments is cognitive rehabilitation, which is often ineffective. The hippocampus plays an important role in memory formation. This project aimed to study the effect of G-CSF on memory and dendritic morphology of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)in rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: the sham, control (MCAO + Vehicle), and treatment (MCAO + G-CSF) groups. G-CSF (50 µg/kg S.C) was administered at 6, 24, and 48 h after brain ischemia induction. The passive avoidance task to evaluate learning and memory was performed on days 6 and 7 post-ischemia. Seven days after MCAO, the brain was removed and the hippocampal slices were stained with Golgi. After that, the neurons were analyzed for dendritic morphology and maturity. OUTCOMES The data showed that stroke was associated with a significant impairment in the acquisition and retention of passive avoidance tasks, while the G-CSF improved learning and memory loss. The dendritic length, arborization, spine density, and mature spines of the hippocampus CA1 neurons were significantly reduced in the control group, and treatment with G-CSF significantly increased these parameters. CONCLUSION G-CSF, even with three doses, improved learning and memory deficits, and dendritic morphological changes in the CA1 hippocampal neurons resulted from brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzeh Badeli Sarkala
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Jahanshahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Leila Kamali Dolatabadi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Namavar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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15
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Ni H, Guo Z, Wu Y, Wang J, Yang Y, Zhu Z, Wang D. The crucial role that hippocampus Cyclooxygenase-2 plays in memory. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:4123-4136. [PMID: 37867375 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is activated to cause inflammation. However, COX-2 is also constitutively expressed at the postsynaptic dendrites and excitatory terminals of the cortical and spinal cord neurons. Although some evidence suggests that COX-2 release during neuronal signalling may be pivotal for regulating the function of memory, the significance of constitutively expressed COX-2 in neuron is still unclear. This research aims to discover the role of COX-2 in memory beyond neuroinflammation and to determine whether the inhibition of COX-2 can cause cognitive dysfunction by influencing dendritic plasticity and its underlying mechanism. We found COX-2 gene knockout (KO) could significantly impact the learning and memory ability, cause neuronal structure disorder and influence gamma oscillations. These might be mediated by the inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) E2/cAMP pathway and phosphorylated protein kinase A (p-PKA)-phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (p-CREB)-brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) axis. It suggested COX-2 might play a critical role in learning, regulating neuronal structure and gamma oscillations in the hippocampus CA1 by regulating COX-2/BDNF signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ni
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongzhao Guo
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilu Zhu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Deheng Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Wei M, Gao Q, Liu J, Yang Y, Yang J, Fan J, Lv S, Yang S. Development programming: Stress during gestation alters offspring development in sheep. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:1497-1511. [PMID: 37697713 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Inappropriate management practices of domestic animals during pregnancy can be potential stressors, resulting in complex behavioural, physiological and neurological consequences in the developing offspring. Some of these consequences can last into adulthood or propagate to subsequent generations. We systematically summarized the results of different experimental patterns using artificially increased maternal glucocorticoid levels or prenatal maternal physiological stress paradigms, mediators between prenatal maternal stress (PMS) and programming effects in the offspring and the effects of PMS on offspring phenotypes in sheep. PMS can impair birthweight, regulate the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, modify behavioural patterns and cognitive abilities and alter gene expression and brain morphology in offspring. Further research should focus on the effects of programming on gene expression, immune function, gut microbiome, sex-specific effects and maternal behaviour of offspring, especially comparative studies of gestational periods when PMS is applied, continual studies of programming effects on offspring and treatment strategies that effectively reverse the detrimental programming effects of prenatal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingji Wei
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Qian Gao
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linyi, China
| | - Jinyan Yang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Jingchang Fan
- Jiaxiang County Sheep Breeding Farm, Jiaxiang, China
| | - Shenjin Lv
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Shengmei Yang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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17
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Villar-Pazos S, Thomas L, Yang Y, Chen K, Lyles JB, Deitch BJ, Ochaba J, Ling K, Powers B, Gingras S, Kordasiewicz HB, Grubisha MJ, Huang YH, Thomas G. Neural deficits in a mouse model of PACS1 syndrome are corrected with PACS1- or HDAC6-targeting therapy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6547. [PMID: 37848409 PMCID: PMC10582149 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PACS1 syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) caused by a recurrent de novo missense mutation in PACS1 (p.Arg203Trp (PACS1R203W)). The mechanism by which PACS1R203W causes PACS1 syndrome is unknown, and no curative treatment is available. Here, we use patient cells and PACS1 syndrome mice to show that PACS1 (or PACS-1) is an HDAC6 effector and that the R203W substitution increases the PACS1/HDAC6 interaction, aberrantly potentiating deacetylase activity. Consequently, PACS1R203W reduces acetylation of α-tubulin and cortactin, causing the Golgi ribbon in hippocampal neurons and patient-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) to fragment and overpopulate dendrites, increasing their arborization. The dendrites, however, are beset with varicosities, diminished spine density, and fewer functional synapses, characteristic of NDDs. Treatment of PACS1 syndrome mice or patient NPCs with PACS1- or HDAC6-targeting antisense oligonucleotides, or HDAC6 inhibitors, restores neuronal structure and synaptic transmission in prefrontal cortex, suggesting that targeting PACS1R203W/HDAC6 may be an effective therapy for PACS1 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Villar-Pazos
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Laurel Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Yunhan Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jenea B Lyles
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Bradley J Deitch
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | | | - Karen Ling
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | | | - Sebastien Gingras
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Melanie J Grubisha
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yanhua H Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gary Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
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18
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Bhembre N, Bonthron C, Opazo P. Synaptic Compensatory Plasticity in Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurosci 2023; 43:6833-6840. [PMID: 37821232 PMCID: PMC10573755 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0379-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The loss of excitatory synapses is known to underlie the cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although much is known about the mechanisms underlying synaptic loss in AD, how neurons compensate for this loss and whether this provides cognitive benefits remain almost completely unexplored. In this review, we describe two potential compensatory mechanisms implemented following synaptic loss: the enlargement of the surviving neighboring synapses and the regeneration of synapses. Because dendritic spines, the postsynaptic site of excitatory synapses, are easily visualized using light microscopy, we focus on a range of microscopy approaches to monitor synaptic loss and compensation. Here, we stress the importance of longitudinal dendritic spine imaging, as opposed to fixed-tissue imaging, to gain insights into the temporal dynamics of dendritic spine compensation. We believe that understanding the molecular mechanisms behind these and other forms of synaptic compensation and regeneration will be critical for the development of therapeutics aiming at delaying the onset of cognitive deficits in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishita Bhembre
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Calum Bonthron
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Patricio Opazo
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
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19
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Huang YQ, Gu X, Chen X, Du YT, Chen BC, Sun FY. BMECs Ameliorate High Glucose-Induced Morphological Aberrations and Synaptic Dysfunction via VEGF-Mediated Modulation of Glucose Uptake in Cortical Neurons. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3575-3592. [PMID: 37418138 PMCID: PMC10477237 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that diabetes cause neurite degeneration in the brain and cognitive impairment and neurovascular interactions are crucial for maintaining brain function. However, the role of vascular endothelial cells in neurite outgrowth and synaptic formation in diabetic brain is still unclear. Therefore, present study investigated effects of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) on high glucose (HG)-induced neuritic dystrophy using a coculture model of BMECs with neurons. Multiple immunofluorescence labelling and western blot analysis were used to detect neurite outgrowth and synapsis formation, and living cell imaging was used to detect uptake function of neuronal glucose transporters. We found cocultured with BMECs significantly reduced HG-induced inhibition of neurites outgrowth (including length and branch formation) and delayed presynaptic and postsynaptic development, as well as reduction of neuronal glucose uptake capacity, which was prevented by pre-treatment with SU1498, a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor antagonist. To analyse the possible mechanism, we collected BMECs cultured condition medium (B-CM) to treat the neurons under HG culture condition. The results showed that B-CM showed the same effects as BMEC on HG-treated neurons. Furthermore, we observed VEGF administration could ameliorate HG-induced neuronal morphology aberrations. Putting together, present results suggest that cerebral microvascular endothelial cells protect against hyperglycaemia-induced neuritic dystrophy and restorate neuronal glucose uptake capacity by activation of VEGF receptors and endothelial VEGF release. This result help us to understand important roles of neurovascular coupling in pathogenesis of diabetic brain, providing a new strategy to study therapy or prevention for diabetic dementia. Hyperglycaemia induced inhibition of neuronal glucose uptake and impaired to neuritic outgrowth and synaptogenesis. Cocultured with BMECs/B-CM and VEGF treatment protected HG-induced inhibition of glucose uptake and neuritic outgrowth and synaptogenesis, which was antagonized by blockade of VEGF receptors. Reduction of glucose uptake may further deteriorate impairment of neurites outgrowth and synaptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qi Huang
- Department of Neurobiology and Research Institute for Aging and Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Gu
- Department of Neurobiology and Research Institute for Aging and Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Research Institute for Aging and Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ting Du
- Department of Neurobiology and Research Institute for Aging and Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Chi Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Research Institute for Aging and Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Yan Sun
- Department of Neurobiology and Research Institute for Aging and Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Sahel A, Ceschin R, Badaly D, Lewis M, Lee VK, Wallace J, Weinberg J, Schmithorst V, Lo C, Panigrahy A. Increased Cerebello-Prefrontal Connectivity Predicts Poor Executive Function in Congenital Heart Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5264. [PMID: 37629306 PMCID: PMC10455623 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk for cognitive impairments, such as executive function deficits and motor delays, which can impact their academic and adaptive functioning as well as their quality of life. We investigated whether alterations in connectivity between the prefrontal and cerebellar brain structures exist between CHD and control cohorts and if these alterations could predict cognitive or motor impairment among youths with CHD. METHODS 53 participants with CHD and 73 healthy control participants completed multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, including high-resolution diffusion tensor imaging at 3T. We measured connectivity from masked regions of interest in the cerebellum to the frontal cortex using a probabilistic tractography method. Participants also completed neuropsychological tests of cognitive and motor skills using the NIH Toolbox. RESULTS In the CHD group, fractional anisotropy (FA) was increased in the cognitive loop connectivity pathways, including from the right cerebellum to the left thalamus (p = 0.0002) and from the left thalamus to the left medial frontal gyrus (MFG) (p = 0.0048) compared with the healthy control group. In contrast, there were no differences between CHD and controls in motor loop connectivity pathways. An increase in FA from the right thalamus to the MFG tract in the cognitive loop (posterior subdivision) predicted (p = 0.03) lower scores on the NIHTB tests, including those of executive functioning. A transient increase in connectivity of the cognitive loop in the adolescent group was observed relative to the child and adult groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that selective alteration of cerebellum-cerebral connectivity circuitry within the cognitive loops predicts cognitive dysfunction in CHD youth. Our study suggests a critical period of cerebellar circuitry plasticity in the adolescent period in CHD subjects that drives neurocognitive function. Further replication and validation in other pediatric CHD cohorts is warranted for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Sahel
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.S.); (R.C.); (M.L.); (V.K.L.); (J.W.); (V.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA
| | - Rafael Ceschin
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.S.); (R.C.); (M.L.); (V.K.L.); (J.W.); (V.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA
| | | | - Madison Lewis
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.S.); (R.C.); (M.L.); (V.K.L.); (J.W.); (V.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA
| | - Vince K. Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.S.); (R.C.); (M.L.); (V.K.L.); (J.W.); (V.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA
| | - Julia Wallace
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.S.); (R.C.); (M.L.); (V.K.L.); (J.W.); (V.S.)
| | - Jacqueline Weinberg
- Department of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Vanessa Schmithorst
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.S.); (R.C.); (M.L.); (V.K.L.); (J.W.); (V.S.)
| | - Cecilia Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA;
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.S.); (R.C.); (M.L.); (V.K.L.); (J.W.); (V.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, 45th Street and 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
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21
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Mendes PFS, Baia-da-Silva DC, Melo WWP, Bittencourt LO, Souza-Rodrigues RD, Fernandes LMP, Maia CDSF, Lima RR. Neurotoxicology of alcohol: a bibliometric and science mapping analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1209616. [PMID: 37593178 PMCID: PMC10427875 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1209616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is common in many societies and has increased considerably, resulting in many socioeconomic and public health problems. In this sense, studies have been carried out in order to understand the mechanisms involved in alcohol consumption and related harmful effects. This study aimed to identify and map the knowledge and to perform bibliometric analysis of the neurotoxicology of alcohol based on the 100 most cited articles. A search was carried out in the Web of Science Core Collection database and information was extracted regarding the journal, authors, keywords, year of publication, number of citations, country and continent of the corresponding author. For each selected manuscript, the study design, alcohol exposure model, dose, period of exposure, and effect on the central nervous system and research hotspots were mapped. The journal with the highest number of publications was Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research (n = 11 papers), the author who contributed the most was Crews FT (n = 8 papers), the studies had a total of 288 keywords and 75% of the publications were from the United States of America. The experimental studies evaluated the effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure and were conducted in rats and mice using doses ranging from 2.5 to 14 g/kg/day, with administration by subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intragastric, or inhalation route or with free access through drinking bottles. Among the studies mapped, the oldest one (1989) aimed to understand the systemic damage and mechanisms of action involved, while the most recent focused on understanding the receptors and mechanisms involved in addiction, as well as genetic factors. Our results show the panorama of the most widespread scientific production in the scientific community on the neurotoxicology of ethanol, a high prevalence was observed in studies that addressed fetal alcohol syndrome and/or the effects of ethanol on neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Fernando Santos Mendes
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Daiane Claydes Baia-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Wallacy Watson Pereira Melo
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Renata Duarte Souza-Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Luanna Melo Pereira Fernandes
- Department of Morphology and Physiological Sciences, Center of Sciences Biological and Health, State University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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22
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Wei Y, Womer FY, Sun K, Zhu Y, Sun D, Duan J, Zhang R, Wei S, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Tang Y, Zhang X, Wang F. Applying dimensional psychopathology: transdiagnostic prediction of executive cognition using brain connectivity and inflammatory biomarkers. Psychol Med 2023; 53:3557-3567. [PMID: 35536000 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722000174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between executive dysfunction, brain dysconnectivity, and inflammation is a prominent feature across major psychiatric disorders (MPDs), schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. A dimensional approach is warranted to delineate their mechanistic interplay across MPDs. METHODS This single site study included a total of 1543 participants (1058 patients and 485 controls). In total, 1169 participants underwent diffusion tensor and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (745 patients and 379 controls completed the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test). Fractional anisotropy (FA) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) assessed structural and functional connectivity, respectively. Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α] were obtained in 325 participants using blood samples collected with 24 h of scanning. Group differences were determined for main measures, and correlation and mediation analyses and machine learning prediction modeling were performed. RESULTS Executive deficits were associated with decreased FA, increased ReHo, and elevated IL-1β and IL-6 levels across MPDs, compared to controls. FA and ReHo alterations in fronto-limbic-striatal regions contributed to executive deficits. IL-1β mediated the association between FA and cognition, and IL-6 mediated the relationship between ReHo and cognition. Executive cognition was better predicted by both brain connectivity and cytokine measures than either one alone for FA-IL-1β and ReHo-IL-6. CONCLUSIONS Transdiagnostic associations among brain connectivity, inflammation, and executive cognition exist across MPDs, implicating common neurobiological substrates and mechanisms for executive deficits in MPDs. Further, inflammation-related brain dysconnectivity within fronto-limbic-striatal regions may represent a transdiagnostic dimension underlying executive dysfunction that could be leveraged to advance treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yange Wei
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Fay Y Womer
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Kaijin Sun
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Jia Duan
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Shengnan Wei
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Xizhe Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210001, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
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23
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Kruk PK, Nader K, Skupien-Jaroszek A, Wójtowicz T, Buszka A, Olech-Kochańczyk G, Wilczynski GM, Worch R, Kalita K, Włodarczyk J, Dzwonek J. Astrocytic CD44 Deficiency Reduces the Severity of Kainate-Induced Epilepsy. Cells 2023; 12:1483. [PMID: 37296604 PMCID: PMC10252631 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy affects millions of people worldwide, yet we still lack a successful treatment for all epileptic patients. Most of the available drugs modulate neuronal activity. Astrocytes, the most abundant cells in the brain, may constitute alternative drug targets. A robust expansion of astrocytic cell bodies and processes occurs after seizures. Highly expressed in astrocytes, CD44 adhesion protein is upregulated during injury and is suggested to be one of the most important proteins associated with epilepsy. It connects the astrocytic cytoskeleton to hyaluronan in the extracellular matrix, influencing both structural and functional aspects of brain plasticity. METHODS Herein, we used transgenic mice with an astrocyte CD44 knockout to evaluate the impact of the hippocampal CD44 absence on the development of epileptogenesis and ultrastructural changes at the tripartite synapse. RESULTS We demonstrated that local, virally-induced CD44 deficiency in hippocampal astrocytes reduces reactive astrogliosis and decreases the progression of kainic acid-induced epileptogenesis. We also observed that CD44 deficiency resulted in structural changes evident in a higher dendritic spine number along with a lower percentage of astrocyte-synapse contacts, and decreased post-synaptic density size in the hippocampal molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study indicates that CD44 signaling may be important for astrocytic coverage of synapses in the hippocampus and that alterations of astrocytes translate to functional changes in the pathology of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja K. Kruk
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteura St, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Nader
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki-EMBL Partnership for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders-Braincity, 3 Pasteura St, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Skupien-Jaroszek
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteura St, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wójtowicz
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteura St, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Buszka
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteura St, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gabriela Olech-Kochańczyk
- Laboratory of Molecular and Structural Neuromorphology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteura St, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz M. Wilczynski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Structural Neuromorphology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteura St, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Remigiusz Worch
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteura St, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kalita
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki-EMBL Partnership for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders-Braincity, 3 Pasteura St, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Włodarczyk
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteura St, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Dzwonek
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteura St, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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24
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Straehle J, Ravi VM, Heiland DH, Galanis C, Lenz M, Zhang J, Neidert NN, El Rahal A, Vasilikos I, Kellmeyer P, Scheiwe C, Klingler JH, Fung C, Vlachos A, Beck J, Schnell O. Technical report: surgical preparation of human brain tissue for clinical and basic research. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023; 165:1461-1471. [PMID: 37147485 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-023-05611-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of the distinct structure and function of the human central nervous system, both in healthy and diseased states, is becoming increasingly significant in the field of neuroscience. Typically, cortical and subcortical tissue is discarded during surgeries for tumors and epilepsy. Yet, there is a strong encouragement to utilize this tissue for clinical and basic research in humans. Here, we describe the technical aspects of the microdissection and immediate handling of viable human cortical access tissue for basic and clinical research, highlighting the measures needed to be taken in the operating room to ensure standardized procedures and optimal experimental results. METHODS In multiple rounds of experiments (n = 36), we developed and refined surgical principles for the removal of cortical access tissue. The specimens were immediately immersed in cold carbogenated N-methyl-D-glucamine-based artificial cerebrospinal fluid for electrophysiology and electron microscopy experiments or specialized hibernation medium for organotypic slice cultures. RESULTS The surgical principles of brain tissue microdissection were (1) rapid preparation (<1 min), (2) maintenance of the cortical axis, (3) minimization of mechanical trauma to sample, (4) use of pointed scalpel blade, (5) avoidance of cauterization and blunt preparation, (6) constant irrigation, and (7) retrieval of the sample without the use of forceps or suction. After a single round of introduction to these principles, multiple surgeons adopted the technique for samples with a minimal dimension of 5 mm spanning all cortical layers and subcortical white matter. Small samples (5-7 mm) were ideal for acute slice preparation and electrophysiology. No adverse events from sample resection were observed. CONCLUSION The microdissection technique of human cortical access tissue is safe and easily adoptable into the routine of neurosurgical procedures. The standardized and reliable surgical extraction of human brain tissue lays the foundation for human-to-human translational research on human brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Straehle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Advanced Surgical Tissue Analysis (CAST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - V M Ravi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute of Advanced Studies (FRIAS), Freiburg, Germany
| | - D H Heiland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Advanced Surgical Tissue Analysis (CAST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - C Galanis
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Lenz
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Junyi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - N N Neidert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Advanced Surgical Tissue Analysis (CAST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A El Rahal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - I Vasilikos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Advanced Surgical Tissue Analysis (CAST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - P Kellmeyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Scheiwe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J H Klingler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Fung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Vlachos
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Advanced Surgical Tissue Analysis (CAST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center Brain Links - Brain Tools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in Neuromodulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Beck
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Advanced Surgical Tissue Analysis (CAST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in Neuromodulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - O Schnell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Center for Advanced Surgical Tissue Analysis (CAST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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25
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Chai GS, Gong J, Wu JJ, Ma RK, Zhu J, Jia DD, Zhang YQ, Zhai XR, Sun HX, Nie YJ, Zhao P, Xu YL, Yu HT. Danggui Buxue decoction ameliorates mitochondrial biogenesis and cognitive deficits through upregulating histone H4 lysine 12 acetylation in APP/PS1 mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 313:116554. [PMID: 37137453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Danggui Buxue decoction (DBD) is a classic herbal decoction consisting of Astragali Radix (AR) and Angelica Sinensis Radix (ASR) with a 5:1 wt ratio, which can supplement 'blood' and 'qi' (vital energy) for the treatment of clinical diseases. According to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory, dementia is induced by Blood deficiency and Qi weakness, which causes a decline in cognition. However, the underlying mechanisms of DBD improving cognition deficits in neurodegenerative disease are no clear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims at revealing the underlying mechanisms of DBD plays a protective role in the cognitive deficits and pathology process of Alzheimer's disease (AD). MATERIALS AND METHODS The APP/PS1 (Mo/HuAPP695swe/PS1-dE9) double transgenic mice were adopted as an experimental model of AD. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of 3 compounds in DBT was analyzed by HPLC. Morris water maze test, Golgi staining and electrophysiology assays were used to evaluate the effects of DBD on cognitive function and synaptic plasticity in APP/PS1 mice. Western blot, immunofluorescence and Thioflavin S staining were used for the pathological evaluation of AD. Monitoring the level of ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential, SOD and MDA to evaluate the mitochondrial function, and with the usage of qPCR and CHIP for the changes of histone post-translational modification. RESULTS In the current study, we found that DBD could effectively attenuate memory impairments and enhance long-term potentiation (LTP) with concurrent increased expression of memory-associated proteins. DBD markedly decreased Aβ accumulation in APP/PS1 mice by decreasing the phosphorylation of APP at the Thr668 level but not APP, PS1 or BACE1. Further studies demonstrated that DBD restored mitochondrial biogenesis deficits and mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, the restored mitochondrial biogenesis and cognitive deficits are under HADC2-mediated histone H4 lysine 12 (H4K12) acetylation at the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor type 2B (GluN2B) promoters. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal that DBD could ameliorate mitochondrial biogenesis and cognitive deficits by improving H4K12 acetylation. DBD might be a promising complementary drug candidate for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Shang Chai
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China.
| | - Juan Gong
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Jia-Jun Wu
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Rui-Kun Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei, 054000, PR China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Dong-Dong Jia
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214151, PR China
| | - Yu-Qi Zhang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Xiao-Run Zhai
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Hong-Xu Sun
- The School Hospital, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Yun Juan Nie
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Yi-Liang Xu
- Jiangyin Tianjiang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214400, PR China
| | - Hai Tao Yu
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China.
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26
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Diab AM, Wigerius M, Quinn DP, Qi J, Shahin I, Paffile J, Krueger K, Karten B, Krueger SR, Fawcett JP. NCK1 Modulates Neuronal Actin Dynamics and Promotes Dendritic Spine, Synapse, and Memory Formation. J Neurosci 2023; 43:885-901. [PMID: 36535770 PMCID: PMC9908320 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0495-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory formation and maintenance is a dynamic process involving the modulation of the actin cytoskeleton at synapses. Understanding the signaling pathways that contribute to actin modulation is important for our understanding of synapse formation and function, as well as learning and memory. Here, we focused on the importance of the actin regulator, noncatalytic region of tyrosine kinase adaptor protein 1 (NCK1), in hippocampal dependent behaviors and development. We report that male mice lacking NCK1 have impairments in both short-term and working memory, as well as spatial learning. Additionally, we report sex differences in memory impairment showing that female mice deficient in NCK1 fail at reversal learning in a spatial learning task. We find that NCK1 is expressed in postmitotic neurons but is dispensable for neuronal proliferation and migration in the developing hippocampus. Morphologically, NCK1 is not necessary for overall neuronal dendrite development. However, neurons lacking NCK1 have lower dendritic spine and synapse densities in vitro and in vivo EM analysis reveal increased postsynaptic density (PSD) thickness in the hippocampal CA1 region of NCK1-deficient mice. Mechanistically, we find the turnover of actin-filaments in dendritic spines is accelerated in neurons that lack NCK1. Together, these findings suggest that NCK1 contributes to hippocampal-dependent memory by stabilizing actin dynamics and dendritic spine formation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Understanding the molecular signaling pathways that contribute to memory formation, maintenance, and elimination will lead to a better understanding of the genetic influences on cognition and cognitive disorders and will direct future therapeutics. Here, we report that the noncatalytic region of tyrosine kinase adaptor protein 1 (NCK1) adaptor protein modulates actin-filament turnover in hippocampal dendritic spines. Mice lacking NCK1 show sex-dependent deficits in hippocampal memory formation tasks, have altered postsynaptic densities, and reduced synaptic density. Together, our work implicates NCK1 in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics and normal synapse development which is essential for memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios M Diab
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Michael Wigerius
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Dylan P Quinn
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jiansong Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ibrahim Shahin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Julia Paffile
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Kavita Krueger
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Barbara Karten
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Stefan R Krueger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - James P Fawcett
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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27
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Saggu S, Chen Y, Cottingham C, Rehman H, Wang H, Zhang S, Augelli-Szafran C, Lu S, Lambert N, Jiao K, Lu XY, Wang Q. Activation of a novel α 2AAR-spinophilin-cofilin axis determines the effect of α 2 adrenergic drugs on fear memory reconsolidation. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:588-600. [PMID: 36357671 PMCID: PMC9647772 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01851-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after the pandemic has emerged as a major neuropsychiatric component of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, yet the current pharmacotherapy for PTSD is limited. The use of adrenergic drugs to treat PTSD has been suggested; however, it is hindered by conflicting clinical results and a lack of mechanistic understanding of drug actions. Our studies, using both genetically modified mice and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons, reveal a novel α2A adrenergic receptor (α2AAR)-spinophilin-cofilin axis in the hippocampus that is critical for regulation of contextual fear memory reconsolidation. In addition, we have found that two α2 ligands, clonidine and guanfacine, exhibit differential abilities in activating this signaling axis to disrupt fear memory reconsolidation. Stimulation of α2AAR with clonidine, but not guanfacine, promotes the interaction of the actin binding protein cofilin with the receptor and with the dendritic spine scaffolding protein spinophilin to induce cofilin activation at the synapse. Spinophilin-dependent regulation of cofilin is required for clonidine-induced disruption of contextual fear memory reconsolidation. Our results inform the interpretation of differential clinical observations of these two drugs on PTSD and suggest that clonidine could provide immediate treatment for PTSD symptoms related to the current pandemic. Furthermore, our study indicates that modulation of dendritic spine morphology may represent an effective strategy for the development of new pharmacotherapies for PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Saggu
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Yunjia Chen
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Christopher Cottingham
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Alabama, Florence, AL, 35632, USA
| | - Hasibur Rehman
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Sixue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Scientific Platforms, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - Corinne Augelli-Szafran
- Department of Chemistry, Scientific Platforms, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
- Scientific Platforms, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - Sumin Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, GA30912, USA
| | - Nevin Lambert
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, GA30912, USA
| | - Kai Jiao
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, GA30912, USA
| | - Xin-Yun Lu
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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de Arce KP, Ribic A, Chowdhury D, Watters K, Thompson GJ, Sanganahalli BG, Lippard ETC, Rohlmann A, Strittmatter SM, Missler M, Hyder F, Biederer T. Concerted roles of LRRTM1 and SynCAM 1 in organizing prefrontal cortex synapses and cognitive functions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:459. [PMID: 36709330 PMCID: PMC9884278 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36042-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple trans-synaptic complexes organize synapse development, yet their roles in the mature brain and cooperation remain unclear. We analyzed the postsynaptic adhesion protein LRRTM1 in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a region relevant to cognition and disorders. LRRTM1 knockout (KO) mice had fewer synapses, and we asked whether other synapse organizers counteract further loss. This determined that the immunoglobulin family member SynCAM 1 controls synapse number in PFC and was upregulated upon LRRTM1 loss. Combined LRRTM1 and SynCAM 1 deletion substantially lowered dendritic spine number in PFC, but not hippocampus, more than the sum of single KO impairments. Their cooperation extended presynaptically, and puncta of Neurexins, LRRTM1 partners, were less abundant in double KO (DKO) PFC. Electrophysiology and fMRI demonstrated aberrant neuronal activity in DKO mice. Further, DKO mice were impaired in social interactions and cognitive tasks. Our results reveal concerted roles of LRRTM1 and SynCAM 1 across synaptic, network, and behavioral domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Perez de Arce
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Neuroscience Department, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Adema Ribic
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Katherine Watters
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Garth J Thompson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Elizabeth T C Lippard
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Astrid Rohlmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Molecular Neurobiology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Stephen M Strittmatter
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Markus Missler
- Institute of Anatomy and Molecular Neurobiology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Thomas Biederer
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Hong N, Kim HJ, Kang K, Park JO, Mun S, Kim HG, Kang BH, Chung PS, Lee MY, Ahn JC. Photobiomodulation improves the synapses and cognitive function and ameliorates epileptic seizure by inhibiting downregulation of Nlgn3. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:8. [PMID: 36635704 PMCID: PMC9837965 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00949-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) remains one of the most drug-resistant focal epilepsies. Glutamate excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation which leads to loss of synaptic proteins and neuronal death appear to represent a pathogen that characterizes the neurobiology of TLE. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a rapidly growing therapy for the attenuation of neuronal degeneration harboring non-invasiveness benefits. However, the detailed effects of PBM on excitotoxicity or neuroinflammation remain unclear. We investigated whether tPBM exerts neuroprotective effects on hippocampal neurons in epilepsy mouse model by regulating synapse and synapse-related genes. METHODS In an in vitro study, we performed imaging analysis and western blot in primary hippocampal neurons from embryonic (E17) rat pups. In an in vivo study, RNA sequencing was performed to identify the gene regulatory by PBM. Histological stain and immunohistochemistry analyses were used to assess synaptic connections, neuroinflammation and neuronal survival. Behavioral tests were used to evaluate the effects of PBM on cognitive functions. RESULTS PBM was upregulated synaptic connections in an in vitro. In addition, it was confirmed that transcranial PBM reduced synaptic degeneration, neuronal apoptosis, and neuroinflammation in an in vivo. These effects of PBM were supported by RNA sequencing results showing the relation of PBM with gene regulatory networks of neuronal functions. Specifically, Nlgn3 showed increase after PBM and silencing the Nlgn3 reversed the positive effect of PBM in in vitro. Lastly, behavioral alterations including hypoactivity, anxiety and impaired memory were recovered along with the reduction of seizure score in PBM-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that PBM attenuates epileptic excitotoxicity, neurodegeneration and cognitive decline induced by TLE through inhibition of the Nlgn3 gene decrease induced by excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namgue Hong
- grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Medical Laser Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea ,grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Kim
- grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunsoo Kang
- grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Department of Microbiology, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji On Park
- grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Dankook University, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyoung Mun
- grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Department of Microbiology, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea ,grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Center for Bio-Medical Engineering Core Facility, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Gun Kim
- grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Hui Kang
- grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Department of Neurology, Dankook University Hospital, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil-Sang Chung
- grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University Hospital, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea ,grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University Hospital, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Medical Laser Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea ,grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea ,grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University Hospital, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea ,grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University Hospital, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Chul Ahn
- grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Medical Laser Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea ,grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea ,grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University Hospital, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Heck N, Santos MD. Dendritic Spines in Learning and Memory: From First Discoveries to Current Insights. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 34:311-348. [PMID: 37962799 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-36159-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system is composed of neural ensembles, and their activity patterns are neural correlates of cognitive functions. Those ensembles are networks of neurons connected to each other by synapses. Most neurons integrate synaptic signal through a remarkable subcellular structure called spine. Dendritic spines are protrusions whose diverse shapes make them appear as a specific neuronal compartment, and they have been the focus of studies for more than a century. Soon after their first description by Ramón y Cajal, it has been hypothesized that spine morphological changes could modify neuronal connectivity and sustain cognitive abilities. Later studies demonstrated that changes in spine density and morphology occurred in experience-dependent plasticity during development, and in clinical cases of mental retardation. This gave ground for the assumption that dendritic spines are the particular locus of cerebral plasticity. With the discovery of synaptic long-term potentiation, a research program emerged with the aim to establish whether dendritic spine plasticity could explain learning and memory. The development of live imaging methods revealed on the one hand that dendritic spine remodeling is compatible with learning process and, on the other hand, that their long-term stability is compatible with lifelong memories. Furthermore, the study of the mechanisms of spine growth and maintenance shed new light on the rules of plasticity. In behavioral paradigms of memory, spine formation or elimination and morphological changes were found to correlate with learning. In a last critical step, recent experiments have provided evidence that dendritic spines play a causal role in learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Heck
- Laboratory Neurosciences Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
| | - Marc Dos Santos
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Renner J, Rasia-Filho AA. Morphological Features of Human Dendritic Spines. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 34:367-496. [PMID: 37962801 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-36159-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic spine features in human neurons follow the up-to-date knowledge presented in the previous chapters of this book. Human dendrites are notable for their heterogeneity in branching patterns and spatial distribution. These data relate to circuits and specialized functions. Spines enhance neuronal connectivity, modulate and integrate synaptic inputs, and provide additional plastic functions to microcircuits and large-scale networks. Spines present a continuum of shapes and sizes, whose number and distribution along the dendritic length are diverse in neurons and different areas. Indeed, human neurons vary from aspiny or "relatively aspiny" cells to neurons covered with a high density of intermingled pleomorphic spines on very long dendrites. In this chapter, we discuss the phylogenetic and ontogenetic development of human spines and describe the heterogeneous features of human spiny neurons along the spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum, thalamus, basal ganglia, amygdala, hippocampal regions, and neocortical areas. Three-dimensional reconstructions of Golgi-impregnated dendritic spines and data from fluorescence microscopy are reviewed with ultrastructural findings to address the complex possibilities for synaptic processing and integration in humans. Pathological changes are also presented, for example, in Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Basic morphological data can be linked to current techniques, and perspectives in this research field include the characterization of spines in human neurons with specific transcriptome features, molecular classification of cellular diversity, and electrophysiological identification of coexisting subpopulations of cells. These data would enlighten how cellular attributes determine neuron type-specific connectivity and brain wiring for our diverse aptitudes and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Renner
- Department of Basic Sciences/Physiology and Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alberto A Rasia-Filho
- Department of Basic Sciences/Physiology and Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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32
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Álvarez A, Gutiérrez D, Chandía-Cristi A, Yáñez M, Zanlungo S. c-Abl kinase at the crossroads of healthy synaptic remodeling and synaptic dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:237-243. [PMID: 35900397 PMCID: PMC9396477 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.346540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Our ability to learn and remember depends on the active formation, remodeling, and elimination of synapses. Thus, the development and growth of synapses as well as their weakening and elimination are essential for neuronal rewiring. The structural reorganization of synaptic complexes, changes in actin cytoskeleton and organelle dynamics, as well as modulation of gene expression, determine synaptic plasticity. It has been proposed that dysregulation of these key synaptic homeostatic processes underlies the synaptic dysfunction observed in many neurodegenerative diseases. Much is known about downstream signaling of activated N-methyl-D-aspartate and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoazolepropionate receptors; however, other signaling pathways can also contribute to synaptic plasticity and long-lasting changes in learning and memory. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl (ABL1) is a key signal transducer of intra and extracellular signals, and it shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. This review focuses on c-Abl and its synaptic and neuronal functions. Here, we discuss the evidence showing that the activation of c-Abl can be detrimental to neurons, promoting the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, c-Abl activity seems to be in a pivotal balance between healthy synaptic plasticity, regulating dendritic spines remodeling and gene expression after cognitive training, and synaptic dysfunction and loss in neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, c-Abl genetic ablation not only improves learning and memory and modulates the brain genetic program of trained mice, but its absence provides dendritic spines resiliency against damage. Therefore, the present review has been designed to elucidate the common links between c-Abl regulation of structural changes that involve the actin cytoskeleton and organelles dynamics, and the transcriptional program activated during synaptic plasticity. By summarizing the recent discoveries on c-Abl functions, we aim to provide an overview of how its inhibition could be a potentially fruitful treatment to improve degenerative outcomes and delay memory loss.
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Xu L, Yang L, Wu Y, Wan X, Tang X, Xu Y, Chen Q, Liu Y, Liu S. Rac1/PAK1 signaling contributes to bone cancer pain by Regulation dendritic spine remodeling in rats. Mol Pain 2023; 19:17448069231161031. [PMID: 36938611 PMCID: PMC10028669 DOI: 10.1177/17448069231161031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer pain (BCP) is severe chronic pain caused by tumor metastasis to the bones, often resulting in significant skeletal remodeling and fractures. Currently, there is no curative treatment. Therefore, insight into the underlying mechanisms could guide the development of mechanism-based therapeutic strategies for BCP. We speculated that Rac1/PAK1 signaling plays a critical role in the development of BCP. Tumor cells implantation (TCI) into the tibial cavity resulted in bone cancer-associated mechanical allodynia. Golgi staining revealed changes in the excitatory synaptic structure of WDR (Wide-dynamic range) neurons in the spinal cord, including increased postsynaptic density (PSD) length and thickness, and width of the cleft. Behavioral and western blotting test revealed that the development and persistence of pain correlated with Rac1/PAK1 signaling activation in primary sensory neurons. Intrathecal injection of NSC23766, a Rac1 inhibitor, reduced the persistence of BCP as well as reversed the remodeling of dendrites. Therefore, we concluded that activation of the Rac1/PAK1 signaling pathway in the spinal cord plays an important role in the development of BCP through remodeling of dendritic spines. Modulation of the Rac1/PAK1 pathway may be a potential strategy for BCP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of
Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia
Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of
Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical
University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Long Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of
Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia
Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of
Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical
University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of
Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia
Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of
Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical
University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou
Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxin Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower
Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xihui Tang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of
Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia
Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of
Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical
University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou
Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuqing Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of
Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia
Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of
Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical
University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou
Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingsong Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of
Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia
Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of
Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical
University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou
Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuepeng Liu
- Institute of Xuzhou Medical
Science, Jiangsu, China
| | - Su Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of
Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia
Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of
Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical
University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou
Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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34
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Rasia-Filho AA, Calcagnotto ME, von Bohlen Und Halbach O. Introduction: What Are Dendritic Spines? ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 34:1-68. [PMID: 37962793 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-36159-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic spines are cellular specializations that greatly increase the connectivity of neurons and modulate the "weight" of most postsynaptic excitatory potentials. Spines are found in very diverse animal species providing neural networks with a high integrative and computational possibility and plasticity, enabling the perception of sensorial stimuli and the elaboration of a myriad of behavioral displays, including emotional processing, memory, and learning. Humans have trillions of spines in the cerebral cortex, and these spines in a continuum of shapes and sizes can integrate the features that differ our brain from other species. In this chapter, we describe (1) the discovery of these small neuronal protrusions and the search for the biological meaning of dendritic spines; (2) the heterogeneity of shapes and sizes of spines, whose structure and composition are associated with the fine-tuning of synaptic processing in each nervous area, as well as the findings that support the role of dendritic spines in increasing the wiring of neural circuits and their functions; and (3) within the intraspine microenvironment, the integration and activation of signaling biochemical pathways, the compartmentalization of molecules or their spreading outside the spine, and the biophysical properties that can affect parent dendrites. We also provide (4) examples of plasticity involving dendritic spines and neural circuits relevant to species survival and comment on (5) current research advancements and challenges in this exciting research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto A Rasia-Filho
- Department of Basic Sciences/Physiology and Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisa Calcagnotto
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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İMDAT NN, ÇİLİNGİR-KAYA ÖT, TURGAN ÂŞIK ZN, KARAMAHMUTOĞLU T, GÜLÇEBİ İDRİZ OĞLU M, AKAKIN D, ONAT F, ŞİRVANCI S. Electron microscopic GABA evaluation in hippocampal mossy terminals of genetic absence epilepsy rats receiving kindling stimulations. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1030132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The hypotheses related to the fact of epileptic mechanisms are mainly based on excitation-inhibition imbalance in central nervous system. GAERS (Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg) is a well-known animal model of absence epilepsy, and frequently used in experimental studies. In the present study, we aimed to examine possible morphological and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) density changes in GAERS hippocampus after electrical kindling stimulations.
Methods: All control and test group rats received 6 kindling stimulations. Rats were decapitated 1 h after the last stimulation. Ultrastructural GABA immunocytochemistry was used to evaluate GABA density quantitatively in mossy terminals of hippocampal CA3 region.
Results: GABA levels were less in kindling groups compared to their controls, and in GAERS groups compared to Wistar groups; mitochondrial and dendritic spine area ratios were greater in GAERS groups compared to Wistar groups, although all these evaluations were statistically nonsignificant. Depletion of synaptic vesicles was evident in the mossy terminals of kindling groups.
Conclusion: The reason of decreased levels of GABA found in the present study might be that GABA has been released from the synaptic pool rapidly at an early time period after the last stimulation, for compansation mechanisms. Depletion of synaptic vesicles observed in kindling groups shows that even 6 kindling stimulations have an impact of changing hippocampal morphology in trisynaptic cycle. The increased mitochondrial area in GAERS might be related to the increased mitochondrial activity. The increased dendritic spine area might be related to the increased performance of learning in GAERS. Our findings indicating that absence epilepsy and temporal lobe epilepsy have different mechanisms of epileptogenesis might be a basis for further experimental studies
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Aberrant ventral dentate gyrus structure and function in trauma susceptible mice. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:502. [PMID: 36473832 PMCID: PMC9723770 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder vulnerable individuals can develop following a traumatic event, whereas others are resilient. Enhanced insight into the mechanistic underpinnings contributing to these inter-individual differences in trauma susceptibility is key to improved treatment and prevention. Aberrant function of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) may contribute to its psychopathology, with the dorsal DG potentially encoding trauma memory generalization and the ventral DG anxiety. Using a mouse model, we hypothesized that susceptibility to develop PTSD-like symptoms following trauma will be underpinned by aberrant DG structure and function. Mice were exposed to a traumatic event (unpredictable, inescapable foot shocks) and tested for PTSD-like symptomatology following recovery. In four independent experiments, DG neuronal morphology, synaptic protein gene and protein expression, and neuronal activity during trauma encoding and recall were assessed. Behaviorally, trauma-susceptible animals displayed increased anxiety-like behavior already prior to trauma, increased novelty-induced freezing, but no clear differences in remote trauma memory recall. Comparison of the ventral DG of trauma susceptible vs resilient mice revealed lower spine density, reduced expression of the postsynaptic protein homer1b/c gene and protein, a larger population of neurons active during trauma encoding, and a greater presence of somatostatin neurons. In contrast, the dorsal DG of trauma-susceptible animals did not differ in terms of spine density or gene expression but displayed more active neurons during trauma encoding and a lower amount of somatostatin neurons. Collectively, we here report on specific structural and functional changes in the ventral DG in trauma susceptible male mice.
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Bhattacharjee S, Lottes EN, Nanda S, Golshir A, Patel AA, Ascoli GA, Cox DN. PP2A phosphatase regulates cell-type specific cytoskeletal organization to drive dendrite diversity. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:926567. [PMID: 36452406 PMCID: PMC9702092 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.926567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncovering molecular mechanisms regulating dendritic diversification is essential to understanding the formation and modulation of functional neural circuitry. Transcription factors play critical roles in promoting dendritic diversity and here, we identify PP2A phosphatase function as a downstream effector of Cut-mediated transcriptional regulation of dendrite development. Mutant analyses of the PP2A catalytic subunit (mts) or the scaffolding subunit (PP2A-29B) reveal cell-type specific regulatory effects with the PP2A complex required to promote dendritic growth and branching in Drosophila Class IV (CIV) multidendritic (md) neurons, whereas in Class I (CI) md neurons, PP2A functions in restricting dendritic arborization. Cytoskeletal analyses reveal requirements for Mts in regulating microtubule stability/polarity and F-actin organization/dynamics. In CIV neurons, mts knockdown leads to reductions in dendritic localization of organelles including mitochondria and satellite Golgi outposts, while CI neurons show increased Golgi outpost trafficking along the dendritic arbor. Further, mts mutant neurons exhibit defects in neuronal polarity/compartmentalization. Finally, genetic interaction analyses suggest β-tubulin subunit 85D is a common PP2A target in CI and CIV neurons, while FoxO is a putative target in CI neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin N. Lottes
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sumit Nanda
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, and Plasticity, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Andre Golshir
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Atit A. Patel
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Giorgio A. Ascoli
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, and Plasticity, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Daniel N. Cox
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Guerra KTK, Renner J, Vásquez CE, Rasia‐Filho AA. Human cortical amygdala dendrites and spines morphology under open‐source three‐dimensional reconstruction procedures. J Comp Neurol 2022; 531:344-365. [PMID: 36355397 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Visualizing nerve cells has been fundamental for the systematic description of brain structure and function in humans and other species. Different approaches aimed to unravel the morphological features of neuron types and diversity. The inherent complexity of the human nervous tissue and the need for proper histological processing have made studying human dendrites and spines challenging in postmortem samples. In this study, we used Golgi data and open-source software for 3D image reconstruction of human neurons from the cortical amygdaloid nucleus to show different dendrites and pleomorphic spines at different angles. Procedures required minimal equipment and generated high-quality images for differently shaped cells. We used the "single-section" Golgi method adapted for the human brain to engender 3D reconstructed images of the neuronal cell body and the dendritic ramification by adopting a neuronal tracing procedure. In addition, we elaborated 3D reconstructions to visualize heterogeneous dendritic spines using a supervised machine learning-based algorithm for image segmentation. These tools provided an additional upgrade and enhanced visual display of information related to the spatial orientation of dendritic branches and for dendritic spines of varied sizes and shapes in these human subcortical neurons. This same approach can be adapted for other techniques, areas of the central or peripheral nervous system, and comparative analysis between species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kétlyn T. Knak Guerra
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Josué Renner
- Department of Basic Sciences/Physiology Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Carlos E. Vásquez
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Alberto A. Rasia‐Filho
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
- Department of Basic Sciences/Physiology Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
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Falahati H, Wu Y, Feuerer V, Simon HG, De Camilli P. Proximity proteomics of synaptopodin provides insight into the molecular composition of the spine apparatus of dendritic spines. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203750119. [PMID: 36215465 PMCID: PMC9586327 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203750119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The spine apparatus is a specialized compartment of the neuronal smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) located in a subset of dendritic spines. It consists of stacks of ER cisterns that are interconnected by an unknown dense matrix and are continuous with each other and with the ER of the dendritic shaft. While this organelle was first observed over 60 y ago, its molecular organization remains a mystery. Here, we performed in vivo proximity proteomics to gain some insight into its molecular components. To do so, we used the only known spine apparatus-specific protein, synaptopodin, to target a biotinylating enzyme to this organelle. We validated the specific localization in dendritic spines of a small subset of proteins identified by this approach, and we further showed their colocalization with synaptopodin when expressed in nonneuronal cells. One such protein is Pdlim7, an actin binding protein not previously identified in spines. Pdlim7, which we found to interact with synaptopodin through multiple domains, also colocalizes with synaptopodin on the cisternal organelle, a peculiar stack of ER cisterns resembling the spine apparatus and found at axon initial segments of a subset of neurons. Moreover, Pdlim7 has an expression pattern similar to that of synaptopodin in the brain, highlighting a functional partnership between the two proteins. The components of the spine apparatus identified in this work will help elucidate mechanisms in the biogenesis and maintenance of this enigmatic structure with implications for the function of dendritic spines in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Falahati
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Yumei Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Vanessa Feuerer
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Hans-Georg Simon
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
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Lee HN, Hyeon SJ, Kim H, Sim KM, Kim Y, Ju J, Lee J, Wang Y, Ryu H, Seong J. Decreased FAK activity and focal adhesion dynamics impair proper neurite formation of medium spiny neurons in Huntington's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:521-536. [PMID: 35857122 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the protein huntingtin (HTT) [55]. While the final pathological consequence of HD is the neuronal cell death in the striatum region of the brain, it is still unclear how mutant HTT (mHTT) causes synaptic dysfunctions at the early stage and during the progression of HD. Here, we discovered that the basal activity of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is severely reduced in a striatal HD cell line, a mouse model of HD, and the human post-mortem brains of HD patients. In addition, we observed with a FRET-based FAK biosensor [59] that neurotransmitter-induced FAK activation is decreased in HD striatal neurons. Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) imaging revealed that the reduced FAK activity causes the impairment of focal adhesion (FA) dynamics, which further leads to the defect in filopodial dynamics causing the abnormally increased number of immature neurites in HD striatal neurons. Therefore, our results suggest that the decreased FAK and FA dynamics in HD impair the proper formation of neurites, which is crucial for normal synaptic functions [52]. We further investigated the molecular mechanism of FAK inhibition in HD and surprisingly discovered that mHTT strongly associates with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate, altering its normal distribution at the plasma membrane, which is crucial for FAK activation [14, 60]. Therefore, our results provide a novel molecular mechanism of FAK inhibition in HD along with its pathological mechanism for synaptic dysfunctions during the progression of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Nim Lee
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Hyeon
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejung Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Mi Sim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunha Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Ju
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghee Lee
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihye Seong
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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Usende IL, Olopade JO, Azeez IA, Andrioli A, Bankole MO, Olopade FE, Nafady AA, Bentivoglio M. Neuroecotoxicology: Effects of environmental heavy metal exposure on the brain of African giant rats and the contribution of vanadium to the neuropathology. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:215-234. [PMID: 36590095 PMCID: PMC9795313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased exploitation of minerals has led to pollution of confined environments as documented in Nigeria Niger Delta. Information on the effects on brain of such exposure is limited. Due to its exploratory activities, the African giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus) (AGR) provides a unique model for neuroecotoxicological research to determine levels of animal and human exposure to different pollutants. This study aims to unravel neuropathological features of AGR sampled from three agro-ecological zones of Nigeria. Fifteen AGR were sampled according to previously determined data on heavy metal exposure: high vanadium, high lead, and low metals. Eighteen AGR were collected from low metal zone and divided into two groups. Control group received vehicle while SMV exposed group received 3 mg/kg sodium metavanadate (SMV) intraperitoneally for 14days. Brain immunohistochemical analyses were conducted, and ultrastructural changes were studied in experimentally exposed group. Results showed significant loss of tyrosin hydroxylase, parvalbumin, orexin-A and melanin concentration hormone containing neuronal populations in brains obtained from high vanadium and high lead zones and in experimentally intoxicated SMV groups. Similarly, significant decrease numbers of dendritic arborations; extracellular matrix density, perineuronal nets; astrocytes and microglia activations are documented in same groups. Ultrastructural studies revealed mass denudation, cilia loss, disintegration of ependymal layer and intense destructions of myelin sheaths in SMV exposed group. These are the first "neuroecotoxicological" findings in distinct neuronal cells. The implications of these findings are highly relevant for human population living in these areas, not only in Nigeria but also in similarly polluted areas elsewhere in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifukibot Levi Usende
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Abuja, Nigeria,Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria,Corresponding author at: Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Abuja, Nigeria.
| | | | | | - Anna Andrioli
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Molakun O. Bankole
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
| | | | - Allam A. Nafady
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Electron Microscope Unit, Assuit University, Egypt
| | - Marina Bentivoglio
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
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Qureshi T, Chinnathambi S. Histone deacetylase-6 modulates Tau function in Alzheimer's disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119275. [PMID: 35452751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the major tauopathies, is multifactorial with a massive demand for disease-modifying treatments rather than symptom management. An AD-affected neuron shows Tau depositions generated due to overload on the proteostasis machinery of the cell and/or abnormal post-translational modifications on Tau protein. Loss of memory or dementia is the most significant concern in AD, occurring due to the loss of neurons and the connections between them. In a healthy brain, neurons interact with the environment and each other through extensions and migratory structures. It can thus be safe to assume that Tau depositions affect these growth structures in neurons. A Histone Deacetylase, HDAC6, has shown elevated levels in AD while also demonstrating direct interaction with the Tau protein. HDAC6 interacts with multiple proteins in the cell and is possibly involved in various signalling pathways. Its deacetylase activity has been a point of controversy in AD; however other functional domains remain unexplored. This review highlights the beneficial potential of HDAC6 in AD in mediating both Tau proteostasis and cytoskeletal rewiring for the neuritic extensions through its Ubiquitin Binding domain (HDAC6 ZnF UBP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tazeen Qureshi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008 Pune, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008 Pune, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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43
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Kim YJ. Activity-induced synaptic structural modifications by Akt. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 621:94-100. [PMID: 35820284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The activity-dependent regulation of synaptic structures plays a key role in synaptic development and plasticity; however, the signaling mechanisms involved remain largely unknown. The serine/threonine protein kinase Akt, a downstream effector of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), plays a pivotal role in a wide range of physiological functions. We focused on the importance of Akt in rapid synaptic structural changes after stimulation at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction, a well-studied model synapse. Compared with wild-type larvae, akt mutants showed significantly reduced muscle size and an increased number of boutons per area, suggesting that Akt is required for proper pre- and postsynaptic growth. In addition, the level of cysteine string protein (CSP) was significantly increased, and its distribution was different in akt mutants. After high K+ single stimulation, the CSP level of akt mutant NMJs increased dramatically compared with that of wild-type NMJs. Interestingly, ghost boutons without postsynaptic specialization were found in akt mutant NMJs, and the number of these boutons was significantly increased by patterned stimulation. In contrast, the postsynaptic change in the subsynaptic reticulum (SSR) in the akt mutant occurred independent of stimulation. These results suggest that Akt functions in both pre- and postsynaptic growth and differentiation, and in particular, presynaptic action occurs in an activity-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jung Kim
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
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3dSpAn: An interactive software for 3D segmentation and analysis of dendritic spines. Neuroinformatics 2022; 20:679-698. [PMID: 34743262 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-021-09549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional segmentation and analysis of dendritic spine morphology involve two major challenges: 1) how to segment individual spines from the dendrites and 2) how to quantitatively assess the morphology of individual spines. To address these two issues, we developed software called 3dSpAn (3-dimensional Spine Analysis), based on implementing a previously published method, 3D multi-scale opening algorithm in shared intensity space. 3dSpAn consists of four modules: a) Preprocessing and Region of Interest (ROI) selection, b) Intensity thresholding and seed selection, c) Multi-scale segmentation, and d) Quantitative morphological feature extraction. In this article, we present the results of segmentation and morphological analysis for different observation methods and conditions, including in vitro and ex vivo imaging with confocal microscopy, and in vivo observations using high-resolution two-photon microscopy. In particular, we focus on software usage, the influence of adjustable parameters on the obtained results, user reproducibility, accuracy analysis, and also include a qualitative comparison with a commercial benchmark. 3dSpAn software is freely available for non-commercial use at www.3dSpAn.org .
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Gross I, Brandt N, Vonk D, Köper F, Wöhlbrand L, Rabus R, Witt M, Heep A, Plösch T, Hipp MS, Bräuer AU. Plasticity-Related Gene 5 Is Expressed in a Late Phase of Neurodifferentiation After Neuronal Cell-Fate Determination. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:797588. [PMID: 35496908 PMCID: PMC9053830 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.797588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During adult neurogenesis, neuronal stem cells differentiate into mature neurons that are functionally integrated into the existing network. One hallmark during the late phase of this neurodifferentiation process is the formation of dendritic spines. These morphological specialized structures form the basis of most excitatory synapses in the brain, and are essential for neuronal communication. Additionally, dendritic spines are affected in neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease or schizophrenia. However, the mechanisms underlying spinogenesis, as well as spine pathologies, are poorly understood. Plasticity-related Gene 5 (PRG5), a neuronal transmembrane protein, has previously been linked to spinogenesis in vitro. Here, we analyze endogenous expression of the PRG5 protein in different mouse brain areas, as well as on a subcellular level. We found that native PRG5 is expressed dendritically, and in high abundance in areas characterized by their regenerative capacity, such as the hippocampus and the olfactory bulb. During adult neurogenesis, PRG5 is specifically expressed in a late phase after neuronal cell-fate determination associated with dendritic spine formation. On a subcellular level, we found PRG5 not to be localized at the postsynaptic density, but at the base of the synapse. In addition, we showed that PRG5-induced formation of membrane protrusions is independent from neuronal activity, supporting a possible role in the morphology and stabilization of spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gross
- Research Group Anatomy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Brandt
- Research Group Anatomy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Danara Vonk
- Research Group Anatomy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Franziska Köper
- Research Group Anatomy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Perinatal Neurobiology Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lars Wöhlbrand
- General and Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Rabus
- General and Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Martin Witt
- Department of Anatomy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Axel Heep
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Perinatal Neurobiology Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Plösch
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Perinatal Neurobiology Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Mark S. Hipp
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Anja U. Bräuer
- Research Group Anatomy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anja U. Bräuer,
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Neonatal Tactile Stimulation Downregulates Dendritic Spines in Layer V Pyramidal Neurons of the WAG/Rij Rat Somatosensory Cortex. Neural Plast 2022; 2022:7251460. [PMID: 35465396 PMCID: PMC9019463 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7251460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of our study is to examine the effects of neonatal tactile stimulations on the brain structures that previously defined as the focus of epilepsy in the Wistar-Albino-Glaxo from Rijswijk (WAG/Rij) rat brain with genetic absence epilepsy. Methods In the present research, morphology and density of dendritic spines were analyzed in layer V pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex (SoCx) of WAG/Rij rats (nonstimulated control, tactile-stimulated, and maternal separated rats) and healthy Wistar (nonepileptic) rats. To achieve this, a Golgi-Cox method was used. Results Dendritic spine number in layer V of the SoCx has been detected significantly higher in adult WAG/Rij rats at postnatal day 150 in comparison to nonepileptic adult control Wistar rats (p < 0.001). Moreover, quantitative analyses of dendrite structure in adult WAG/Rij rats showed a decrease in dendrite spine density of pyramidal neurons of SoCx which occurred in early neonatal exposure to maternal separation (MS) and tactile stimulation (TS) (p < 0.001). Conclusions Our findings provide the first evidence that tactile stimulations during the early postnatal period have a long-term impact on dendrite structure in WAG/Rij rat's brain and demonstrate that neonatal tactile stimulation can regulate dendritic spines in layer V in pyramidal neurons of SoCx in epileptic brains.
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Serrano ME, Kim E, Petrinovic MM, Turkheimer F, Cash D. Imaging Synaptic Density: The Next Holy Grail of Neuroscience? Front Neurosci 2022; 16:796129. [PMID: 35401097 PMCID: PMC8990757 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.796129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is the central and most complex organ in the nervous system, comprising billions of neurons that constantly communicate through trillions of connections called synapses. Despite being formed mainly during prenatal and early postnatal development, synapses are continually refined and eliminated throughout life via complicated and hitherto incompletely understood mechanisms. Failure to correctly regulate the numbers and distribution of synapses has been associated with many neurological and psychiatric disorders, including autism, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, and schizophrenia. Therefore, measurements of brain synaptic density, as well as early detection of synaptic dysfunction, are essential for understanding normal and abnormal brain development. To date, multiple synaptic density markers have been proposed and investigated in experimental models of brain disorders. The majority of the gold standard methodologies (e.g., electron microscopy or immunohistochemistry) visualize synapses or measure changes in pre- and postsynaptic proteins ex vivo. However, the invasive nature of these classic methodologies precludes their use in living organisms. The recent development of positron emission tomography (PET) tracers [such as (18F)UCB-H or (11C)UCB-J] that bind to a putative synaptic density marker, the synaptic vesicle 2A (SV2A) protein, is heralding a likely paradigm shift in detecting synaptic alterations in patients. Despite their limited specificity, novel, non-invasive magnetic resonance (MR)-based methods also show promise in inferring synaptic information by linking to glutamate neurotransmission. Although promising, all these methods entail various advantages and limitations that must be addressed before becoming part of routine clinical practice. In this review, we summarize and discuss current ex vivo and in vivo methods of quantifying synaptic density, including an evaluation of their reliability and experimental utility. We conclude with a critical assessment of challenges that need to be overcome before successfully employing synaptic density biomarkers as diagnostic and/or prognostic tools in the study of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Serrano
- Department of Neuroimaging, The BRAIN Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eugene Kim
- Department of Neuroimaging, The BRAIN Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marija M Petrinovic
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Cash
- Department of Neuroimaging, The BRAIN Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
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Coyle CS, Prescott M, Handelsman DJ, Walters KA, Campbell RE. Chronic androgen excess in female mice does not impact luteinizing hormone pulse frequency or putative GABAergic inputs to GnRH neurons. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13110. [PMID: 35267218 PMCID: PMC9286661 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with androgen excess and, frequently, hyperactive pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. Although the origins of PCOS are unclear, evidence from pre-clinical models implicates androgen signalling in the brain in the development of PCOS pathophysiology. Chronic exposure of female mice to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) from 3 weeks of age drives both reproductive and metabolic impairments that are ameliorated by selective androgen receptor (AR) loss from the brain. This suggests centrally driven mechanisms in hyperandrogen-mediated PCOS-like pathophysiology that remain to be defined. Acute prenatal DHT exposure can also model the hyperandrogenism of PCOS, and this is accompanied by increased LH pulse frequency and increased GABAergic innervation of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. We aimed to determine the impact of chronic exposure of female mice to DHT, which models the hyperandrogenism of PCOS, on pulsatile LH secretion and putative GABAergic input to GnRH neurons. To do this, GnRH-green fluorescent protein (GFP) female mice received either DHT or blank capsules for 90 days from postnatal day 21 (n = 6 or 7 per group). Serial tail-tip blood sampling was used to measure LH dynamics and perfusion-fixed brains were collected and immunolabelled for vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) to assess putative GABAergic terminals associated with GFP-labelled GnRH neurons. As expected, chronic DHT resulted in acyclicity and significantly increased body weight. However, no differences in LH pulse frequency or the density of VGAT appositions to GnRH neurons were identified between ovary-intact DHT-treated females and controls. Chronic DHT exposure significantly increased the number of AR expressing cells in the hypothalamus, whereas oestrogen receptor α-expressing neuron number was unchanged. Therefore, although chronic DHT exposure from 3 weeks of age increases AR expressing neurons in the brain, the GnRH neuronal network changes and hyperactive LH secretion associated with prenatal androgen excess are not evident. These findings suggest that unique central mechanisms are involved in the reproductive impairments driven by exposure to androgen excess at different developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris S. Coyle
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of PhysiologySchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Melanie Prescott
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of PhysiologySchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - David J Handelsman
- Andrology LaboratoryANZAC Research InstituteConcord HospitalUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Kirsty A. Walters
- Fertility and Research CentreSchool of Women’s and Children’s HealthUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Rebecca E. Campbell
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of PhysiologySchool of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
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González-Granillo AE, Gnecco D, Díaz A, Garcés-Ramírez L, de la Cruz F, Juarez I, Morales-Medina JC, Flores G. Curcumin induces cortico-hippocampal neuronal reshaping and memory improvements in aged mice. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 121:102091. [PMID: 35334275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aging induces cognitive decline, reduces of synaptic plasticity and increases oxidative reactive species (ROS) in the central nervous system. Traditional medicine has long benefitted from naturally occurring molecules such as curcumin (diferuloymethane). Curcumin is extracted from the plant Curcuma longa and is known for its synaptic and antioxidant-related benefits. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that chronic curcumin treatment reduces cognitive and cellular effects of aging. Curcumin-treated mice showed improved learning and memory using the Morris Water Maze and novel object recognition task. In addition, using the Golgi-Cox stain, curcumin treatment increased spine density in all evaluated regions and increased dendritic arborization in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) layer 3 and CA3 subregion of the hippocampus. Moreover, chronic curcumin exposure increased synaptophysin and actin expression and reduced glial fibrillary acidic protein expression, a marker of astrocytes, in the hippocampus (CA1 and CA3 subregions), while simultaneously reducing the ROS-related molecule, metallothionein 3 expression in the PFC and hippocampus. Collectively, these novel findings suggest that curcumin reduces cognitive, neuronal and astrocytic signs of aging in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Efrain González-Granillo
- Lab. Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur 6301, San Manuel, 72570 Puebla, Mexico; Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Dino Gnecco
- Centro de Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Linda Garcés-Ramírez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Fidel de la Cruz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ismael Juarez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología, Facultad de Estomatología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72410, Mexico
| | - Julio César Morales-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, AP 62, CP 90000 Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Lab. Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur 6301, San Manuel, 72570 Puebla, Mexico.
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50
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Vidaurre-Gallart I, Fernaud-Espinosa I, Cosmin-Toader N, Talavera-Martínez L, Martin-Abadal M, Benavides-Piccione R, Gonzalez-Cid Y, Pastor L, DeFelipe J, García-Lorenzo M. A Deep Learning-Based Workflow for Dendritic Spine Segmentation. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:817903. [PMID: 35370569 PMCID: PMC8967951 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.817903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphological analysis of dendritic spines is an important challenge for the neuroscientific community. Most state-of-the-art techniques rely on user-supervised algorithms to segment the spine surface, especially those designed for light microscopy images. Therefore, processing large dendritic branches is costly and time-consuming. Although deep learning (DL) models have become one of the most commonly used tools in image segmentation, they have not yet been successfully applied to this problem. In this article, we study the feasibility of using DL models to automatize spine segmentation from confocal microscopy images. Supervised learning is the most frequently used method for training DL models. This approach requires large data sets of high-quality segmented images (ground truth). As mentioned above, the segmentation of microscopy images is time-consuming and, therefore, in most cases, neuroanatomists only reconstruct relevant branches of the stack. Additionally, some parts of the dendritic shaft and spines are not segmented due to dyeing problems. In the context of this research, we tested the most successful architectures in the DL biomedical segmentation field. To build the ground truth, we used a large and high-quality data set, according to standards in the field. Nevertheless, this data set is not sufficient to train convolutional neural networks for accurate reconstructions. Therefore, we implemented an automatic preprocessing step and several training strategies to deal with the problems mentioned above. As shown by our results, our system produces a high-quality segmentation in most cases. Finally, we integrated several postprocessing user-supervised algorithms in a graphical user interface application to correct any possible artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Fernaud-Espinosa
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Miguel Martin-Abadal
- Departament de Matemàtiques i Informàtica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Ruth Benavides-Piccione
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ruth Benavides-Piccione
| | - Yolanda Gonzalez-Cid
- Departament de Matemàtiques i Informàtica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
- E-Health and Multidisciplinary Telemedicine Through Cyber-Physical Intelligent Systems, IdISBa, Palma, Spain
| | - Luis Pastor
- VG-LAB, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
- Research Center for Computational Simulation (CCS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier DeFelipe
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos García-Lorenzo
- VG-LAB, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
- Research Center for Computational Simulation (CCS), Madrid, Spain
- Marcos García-Lorenzo
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