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Fakhoury NE, Mansour S, Abdel-Halim M, Hamed MM, Empting M, Boese A, Loretz B, Lehr CM, Tammam SN. Nanoparticles in liposomes: a platform for increased antibiotic selectivity in multidrug resistant bacteria in respiratory tract infections. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01662-2. [PMID: 39048783 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a cause of serious illness and death, originating often from insufficient permeability into gram-negative bacteria. Nanoparticles (NP) can increase antibiotic delivery in bacterial cells, however, may as well increase internalization in mammalian cells and toxicity. In this work, NP in liposome (NP-Lip) formulations were used to enhance the selectivity of the antibiotics (3C and tobramycin) and quorum sensing inhibitor (HIPS-1635) towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa by fusing with bacterial outer membranes and reducing uptake in mammalian cells due to their larger size. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid NPs were prepared using emulsion solvent evaporation and incorporated in larger liposomes. Cytotoxicity and uptake studies were conducted on two lung cell lines, Calu-3 and H460. NP-Lip showed lower toxicity and uptake in both cell lines. Then formulations were investigated for suitability for oral inhalation. The deposition of NP and NP-Lip in the lungs was assessed by next generation impactor and corresponded to 75% and 45% deposition in the terminal bronchi and the alveoli respectively. Colloidal stability and mucus-interaction studies were conducted. NP-Lip showed higher diffusion through mucus compared to NPs with the use of nanoparticle tracking analyzer. Moreover, the permeation of delivery systems across a liquid-liquid interface epithelial barrier model of Calu-3 cells indicated that NP-Lip could cause less systemic toxicity upon in-vivo like administration by aerosol deposition. Monoculture and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm with Calu-3 cells co-culture experiments were conducted, NP-Lip achieved highest toxicity towards bacterial biofilms and least toxicity % of the Calu-3 cells. Therefore, the NP- liposomal platform offers a promising approach for enhancing antibiotic selectivity and treating pulmonary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie E Fakhoury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Samar Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Abdel-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M Hamed
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Martin Empting
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Annette Boese
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Brigitta Loretz
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Salma N Tammam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Meziu E, Shehu K, Koch M, Schneider M, Kraegeloh A. Impact of mucus modulation by N-acetylcysteine on nanoparticle toxicity. Int J Pharm X 2023; 6:100212. [PMID: 37771516 PMCID: PMC10522980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory mucus is a biological hydrogel that forms a protective barrier for the underlying epithelium. Modulation of the mucus layer has been employed as a strategy to enhance transmucosal drug carrier transport. However, a drawback of this strategy is a potential reduction of the mucus barrier properties, in particular in situations with an increased exposure to particles. In this study, we investigated the impact of mucus modulation on its protective role. In vitro mucus was produced by Calu-3 cells, cultivated at the air-liquid interface for 21 days and used for further testing as formed on top of the cells. Analysis of confocal 3D imaging data revealed that after 21 days Calu-3 cells secrete a mucus layer with a thickness of 24 ± 6 μm. Mucus appeared to restrict penetration of 500 nm carboxyl-modified polystyrene particles to the upper 5-10 μm of the layer. Furthermore, a mucus modulation protocol using aerosolized N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was developed. This treatment enhanced the penetration of particles through the mucus down to deeper layers by means of the mucolytic action of NAC. These findings were supported by cytotoxicity data, indicating that intact mucus protects the underlying epithelium from particle-induced effects on membrane integrity. The impact of NAC treatment on the protective properties of mucus was probed by using 50 and 100 nm amine-modified and 50 nm carboxyl-modified polystyrene nanoparticles, respectively. Cytotoxicity was only induced by the amine-modified particles in combination with NAC treatment, implying a reduced protective function of modulated mucus. Overall, our data emphasize the importance of integrating an assessment of the protective function of mucus into the development of therapy approaches involving mucus modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkeleda Meziu
- INM – Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Kristela Shehu
- INM – Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marcus Koch
- INM – Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marc Schneider
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Annette Kraegeloh
- INM – Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Dos Santos JF, Dos Reis EM, Berti FV, Colla G, Koepp J, Nunes VA. CALU-3 lung cells three-dimensionally assembled onto CellFate® matrix present angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 activity. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:3602-3611. [PMID: 37691178 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is a great need for the development of three-dimensional (3D) in vitro lung models. Particularly, the production of a suitable 3D model of pulmonary epithelium for understanding the pathophysiology of diseases such as the COVID-19 must consider the tissue architecture and presence, for example, of the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) in the cells. Different polymeric membranes are being used to support cell culturing, especially of lung cells, however, there is still no information about the culture of these cells onto bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) matrices. We have used the BNC matrix CellFate® as a support for the assembly of a 3D in vitro model of lung epithelium, composed of human lung fibroblasts (HLF) and lung adenocarcinoma cells (CALU-3). CellFate® matrices were made from bacterial fermentation resulting in a natural and biocompatible biopolymer. Cells were cultured onto CellFate® and maintained in a 5% CO2 humidified atmosphere at 37°C. Cell viability was assessed by the resazurin method The samples were, then, exposed to the air-liquid interface (ALI), and histologically analyzed. ACE-2 activity was verified on the hydrolyze of the fluorogenic substrate Mca-APK(Dnp)-OH, and its presence was evaluated by flow cytometry. The expression of the anionic transporter SLCO3A1 was evaluated by qPCR. Cell viability analysis indicates that CellFate® was not toxic to these cells. By flow cytometry, the presence of the ACE-2 was identified in the CALU-3 cells surface corroborating the results obtained from enzymatic activity analysis. The SLCO3A1 transporter expression was identified in cells cultured onto CellFate®, but not in cells cultured onto the transwell (control). CALU-3 cells cultivated onto CellFate® resulted in a pseudostratified organization, a typical morphology of the human respiratory tract epithelium. The current model opens perspectives for studies involving physiological characterization, improving its relevance for the understanding of the pathophysiology of diseases as well as the response to drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeniffer Farias Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Skin Physiology and Tissue Bioengineering, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities (EACH) of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Janice Koepp
- Biocelltis Biotechnology SA, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Viviane Abreu Nunes
- Laboratory of Skin Physiology and Tissue Bioengineering, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities (EACH) of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Chu M, Deng J, Hu H, Wang R, Li D, Chen Z, Liu XA, Lu J. Nicotine transport across calu-3 cell monolayer: effect of nicotine salts and flavored e-liquids. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2023; 49:628-636. [PMID: 37751149 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2023.2263791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the transport capability of nicotine across Calu-3 cell monolayer in various nicotine forms, including nicotine freebase, nicotine salts, and flavored e-liquids with nicotine benzoate. SIGNIFICANCE Nicotine is rapidly absorbed from the respiratory system into systemic circulation during e-cigarettes use. However, the mechanism of nicotine transport in the lung has not been well understood yet. This study may offer critical biological evidence and have implications for the use and regulation of e-cigarettes. METHODS The viability of Calu-3 cells after administration of nicotine freebase, nicotine salts and representative e-liquid were evaluated using the MTT assay, and the integrity of the Calu-3 cell monolayer was evaluated by transepithelial electrical resistance measurement and morphological analysis. Further, the nicotine transport capacity across the Calu-3 cell monolayer in various formulations of nicotine was investigated by analysis of nicotine transport amount. RESULTS The findings indicated that nicotine transport occurred passively and was time-dependent across the Calu-3cell monolayer. In addition, the nicotine transport was influenced by the type of nicotine salts and their respective pH value. The nicotine benzoate exhibited the highest apparent permeability coefficient (Papp), and higher nicotine-to-benzoic acid ratios led to higher Papp values. The addition of flavors to e-liquid resulted in increased Papp values, with the most significant increment being observed in tobacco-flavored e-liquid. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the transport capability of nicotine across the Calu-3 cell monolayer was influenced by the pH values of nicotine salts and flavor additives in e-liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chu
- Laboratory of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen First Union Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Deng
- Laboratory of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Health Union Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Hao Hu
- Laboratory of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen First Union Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Ruoxi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Ding Li
- Laboratory of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen First Union Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Health Union Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Zuxin Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xin-An Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jin Lu
- Laboratory of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen First Union Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Health Union Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, P.R. China
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5
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Yeung-Luk BH, Narayanan GA, Ghosh B, Wally A, Lee E, Mokaya M, Wankhade E, Zhang R, Lee B, Park B, Resnick J, Jedlicka A, Dziedzic A, Ramanathan M, Biswal S, Pekosz A, Sidhaye VK. SARS-CoV-2 infection alters mitochondrial and cytoskeletal function in human respiratory epithelial cells mediated by expression of spike protein. mBio 2023; 14:e0082023. [PMID: 37504520 PMCID: PMC10470579 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00820-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, SCV2), which has resulted in higher morbidity and mortality rate than other respiratory viral infections, such as Influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Investigating the molecular mechanisms of SCV2-host infection vs IAV is vital in exploring antiviral drug targets against SCV2. We assessed differential gene expression in human nasal cells upon SCV2 or IAV infection using RNA sequencing. Compared to IAV, we observed alterations in both metabolic and cytoskeletal pathways suggestive of epithelial remodeling in the SCV2-infected cells, reminiscent of pathways activated as a response to chronic injury. We found that spike protein interaction with the epithelium was sufficient to instigate these epithelial responses using a SCV2 spike pseudovirus. Specifically, we found downregulation of the mitochondrial markers SIRT3 and TOMM22. Moreover, SCV2 spike infection increased extracellular acidification and decreased oxygen consumption rate in the epithelium. In addition, we observed cytoskeletal rearrangements with a reduction in the actin-severing protein cofilin-1 and an increase in polymerized actin, indicating epithelial cytoskeletal rearrangements. This study revealed distinct epithelial responses to SCV2 infection, with early mitochondrial dysfunction in the host cells and evidence of cytoskeletal remodeling that could contribute to the worsened outcome in COVID-19 patients compared to IAV patients. These changes in cell structure and energetics could contribute to cellular resilience early during infection, allowing for prolonged cell survival and potentially paving the way for more chronic symptoms. IMPORTANCE COVID-19 has caused a global pandemic affecting millions of people worldwide, resulting in a higher mortality rate and concerns of more persistent symptoms compared to influenza A. To study this, we compare lung epithelial responses to both viruses. Interestingly, we found that in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, the cellular energetics changed and there were cell structural rearrangements. These changes in cell structure could lead to prolonged epithelial cell survival, even in the face of not working well, potentially contributing to the development of chronic symptoms. In summary, these findings represent strategies utilized by the cell to survive the infection but result in a fundamental shift in the epithelial phenotype, with potential long-term consequences, which could set the stage for the development of chronic lung disease or long COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie H. Yeung-Luk
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Baishakhi Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ara Wally
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Esther Lee
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michelle Mokaya
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Esha Wankhade
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brianna Lee
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bongsoo Park
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Aging, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica Resnick
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anne Jedlicka
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amanda Dziedzic
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Murugappan Ramanathan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Outpatient Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shyam Biswal
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Venkataramana K. Sidhaye
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Determination of drug efficacy to dissolve cobalt oxide particles in cellular models: Towards a therapeutic approach to decrease pulmonary retention. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 84:105448. [PMID: 35878720 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Following accidental inhalation of radioactive cobalt particles, the poorly soluble and highly radioactive Co3O4 particles are retained for long periods in lungs. To decrease their retention time is of crucial importance to minimize radiation-induced damage. As dissolved cobalt is quickly transferred to blood and eliminated by urinary excretion, enhancing the dissolution of particles would favor 60Co elimination. We evaluated the ability of ascorbic acid alone or associated with the chelating agents DTPA1, DFOB2 or EDTA3 to enhance dissolution of cobalt particles after macrophage engulfment, and the drug effects on the translocation of the soluble species CoCl2 through an epithelial barrier. We exposed differentiated THP-1 macrophage-like cells and Calu-3 lung epithelial cells cultured in a bicameral system to cobalt and selected molecules up to 7 days. DTPA, the recommended treatment in man, used alone showed no effect, whereas ascorbic acid significantly increased dissolution of Co3O4 particles. An additional efficacy in intracellular particles dissolution was observed for combinations of ascorbic acid with DTPA and EDTA. Except for DFOB, treatments did not significantly modify translocation of dissolved cobalt across the epithelial lung barrier. Our study provides new insights for decorporating strategies following radioactive cobalt particle intake.
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7
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Biological Models of the Lower Human Airways-Challenges and Special Requirements of Human 3D Barrier Models for Biomedical Research. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122115. [PMID: 34959396 PMCID: PMC8707984 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In our review, we want to summarize the current status of the development of airway models and their application in biomedical research. We start with the very well characterized models composed of cell lines and end with the use of organoids. An important aspect is the function of the mucus as a component of the barrier, especially for infection research. Finally, we will explain the need for a nondestructive characterization of the barrier models using TEER measurements and live cell imaging. Here, organ-on-a-chip technology offers a great opportunity for the culture of complex airway models.
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8
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Kubczak M, Michlewska S, Bryszewska M, Aigner A, Ionov M. Nanoparticles for local delivery of siRNA in lung therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:114038. [PMID: 34742826 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An overview of the application of natural and synthetic, non-viral vectors for oligonucleotide delivery into the lung is presented in this review, with a special focus on lung cancer. Due to the specificity of the respiratory tract, its structure and natural barriers, the administration of drugs (especially those based on nucleic acids) is a particular challenge. Among widely tested non-viral drug and oligonucleotides carriers, synthetic polymers seem to be most promising. Unique properties of these nanoparticles allow for essentially unlimited possibilities regarding their design and modification. This gives hope that optimal nanoparticles with ideal nucleic acid carrier properties for lung cancer therapy will eventually emanate.
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9
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Lee DF, Lethem MI, Lansley AB. A comparison of three mucus-secreting airway cell lines (Calu-3, SPOC1 and UNCN3T) for use as biopharmaceutical models of the nose and lung. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 167:159-174. [PMID: 34332033 PMCID: PMC8422164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to compare three existing mucus-secreting airway cell lines for use as models of the airways to study drug transport in the presence of mucus. Each cell line secreted mature, glycosylated mucins, evidenced by the enzyme-linked lectin assay. The secretagogue, adenylyl-imidodiphosphate, increased mucin secretion in SPOC1 (3.5-fold) and UNCN3T (1.5-fold) cells but not in Calu-3 cells. In a novel mucus-depleted (MD) model the amount of mucus in the non-depleted wells was 3-, 8- and 4-fold higher than in the mucus-depleted wells of the Calu-3, SPOC1 and UNCN3T cells respectively. The permeability of 'high mucus' cells to testosterone was significantly less in SPOC1 and UNCN3T cells (P < 0.05) but not Calu-3 cells. Mucin secretion and cytokine release were investigated as indicators of drug irritancy in the SPOC1 and UNCN3T cell lines. A number of inhaled drugs significantly increased mucin secretion at high concentrations and the release of IL-6 and IL-8 from SPOC1 or UNCN3T cells (P < 0.05). SPOC1 and UNCN3T cell lines are better able to model the effect of mucus on drug absorption than the Calu-3 cell line and are proposed for use in assessing drug-mucus interactions in inhaled drug and formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane F Lee
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK; School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK(1).
| | - Michael I Lethem
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Alison B Lansley
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK.
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10
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Lavanya MN, Preethi R, Moses JA, Anandharamakrishnan C. Aerosol-based Pulmonary Delivery of Therapeutic Molecules from Food Sources: Delivery Mechanism, Research Trends, and the Way Forward. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1888971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. N. Lavanya
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Govt. Of India, India
| | - R. Preethi
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Govt. Of India, India
| | - J. A. Moses
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Govt. Of India, India
| | - C. Anandharamakrishnan
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Govt. Of India, India
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11
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Tiew PY, Jaggi TK, Chan LLY, Chotirmall SH. The airway microbiome in COPD, bronchiectasis and bronchiectasis-COPD overlap. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2020; 15:123-133. [PMID: 33063421 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the airway microbiome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis and bronchiectasis-COPD overlap (BCO). DATA SOURCE AND STUDY SELECTION Relevant studies were selected from PubMed, Google scholar, EMBASE and Web of Science. All studies involving human microbiomes, published in the English language, and using the search terms "COPD", "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease", "Bronchiectasis", "BCO" or "Bronchiectasis and COPD overlap", AND "microbiome", "mycobiome" or "metagenomics" were included. RESULTS Despite variability in sampling methods and specimen types used, microbiome composition remains relatively comparable in COPD and bronchiectasis with prominence of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Alterations to airway microbiomes occur in association to disease severity and/or exacerbations in COPD and bronchiectasis. Decreased alpha diversity and Haemophilus-predominant microbiomes are associated with poorer survival in COPD, while, in bronchiectasis, Pseudomonas-predominant microbiomes demonstrate high exacerbation frequency and greater symptom burden while Aspergillus-dominant mycobiome profiles associate with exacerbations. The role of the microbiome in BCO remains understudied. CONCLUSION Use of next-generation sequencing has revolutionised our detection and understanding of the airway microbiome in chronic respiratory diseases such as COPD and bronchiectasis. Targeted amplicon sequencing reveals important associations between the respiratory microbiome and disease outcome while metagenomics may elucidate functional pathways. How best to apply this information into patient care, monitoring and treatment, however, remains challenging and necessitates further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yee Tiew
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tavleen K Jaggi
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louisa L Y Chan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Van der Meeren A, Drouet G, Devilliers K, Laurent D, Moureau A, Feray A, Lamart S. Evidence for a differential translocation of actinides across human lung epithelial cell monolayer in vitro according to their physicochemical properties and the presence of a chelating agent. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 70:105035. [PMID: 33132172 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.105035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial cell plays a key role in the transfer of radionuclides from lungs to blood following pulmonary exposure. The present study was designed to evaluate the transfer across human lung epithelial cells of various actinides (plutonium, americium and uranium), the influence of the physicochemical properties of plutonium compounds and of the chelating agent diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA). To address this question, Calu-3 cells grown in a bicameral culture system were used. The integrity of the epithelial barrier was evaluated by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the passage of a fluorescent marker, lucifer yellow. Activity measurement in basal compartment following periodic collection of culture medium was made from 2 h to seven days. To facilitate data handling and analysis, the statistical tool STATBIODIS was used. The results indicate differences in transfer for the different elements, and according to Pu physicochemical properties. Though to various extents, the chelating agent DTPA always increased the transfer of Pu and Am across the epithelial cells, without altering the integrity of the epithelial barrier. This in vitro cell culture model, by mimicking translocation of actinides from lungs to blood, can represent a valuable tool to further understand the underlying mechanisms and properties controlling this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Van der Meeren
- Laboratory of Radio Toxicology, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, 91297 Arpajon, France.
| | - G Drouet
- Laboratory of Radio Toxicology, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, 91297 Arpajon, France
| | - K Devilliers
- Laboratory of Radio Toxicology, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, 91297 Arpajon, France
| | - D Laurent
- Laboratory of Radio Toxicology, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, 91297 Arpajon, France
| | - A Moureau
- Laboratory of Radio Toxicology, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, 91297 Arpajon, France
| | - A Feray
- Paris-Saclay University, Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - S Lamart
- Laboratory of Radio Toxicology, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, 91297 Arpajon, France
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13
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Sou T, Bergström CAS. Contemporary Formulation Development for Inhaled Pharmaceuticals. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:66-86. [PMID: 32916138 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery has gained increased interests over the past few decades. For respiratory conditions, targeted drug delivery directly to the site of action can achieve a high local concentration for efficacy with reduced systemic exposure and adverse effects. For systemic conditions, the unique physiology of the lung evolutionarily designed for rapid gaseous exchange presents an entry route for systemic drug delivery. Although the development of inhaled formulations has come a long way over the last few decades, many aspects of it remain to be elucidated. In particular, a reliable and well-understood method for in vitro-in vivo correlations remains to be established. With the rapid and ongoing advancement of technology, there is much potential to better utilise computational methods including different types of modelling and simulation approaches to support inhaled formulation development. This review intends to provide an introduction on some fundamental concepts in pulmonary drug delivery and inhaled formulation development followed by discussions on some challenges and opportunities in the translation of inhaled pharmaceuticals from preclinical studies to clinical development. The review concludes with some recent advancements in modelling and simulation approaches that could play an increasingly important role in modern formulation development of inhaled pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Sou
- Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Pharmacometrics, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Christel A S Bergström
- Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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Suitability and functional characterization of two Calu-3 cell models for prediction of drug permeability across the airway epithelial barrier. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119484. [PMID: 32485216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Calu-3 cell line has been largely investigated as a physiological and pharmacological model of the airway epithelial barrier. Its suitability for prediction of drug permeability across the airway epithelia, however, has not been yet evaluated by using large enough set of model drugs. We evaluated two Calu-3 cell models (air-liquid and liquid-liquid) for drug permeability prediction based on the recent regulatory guidelines on showing suitability of in vitro permeability methods for drug permeability classification. Bidirectional permeability assays using 22 model drugs and several zero permeability markers, as well as using ABC transporter substrates were conducted. Functional activity of P-gp, but not of BCRP was revealed. The potential of the Calu-3 cells to be used as a model of the nasal epithelial barrier, despite their different anatomical origin, has been demonstrated by the obtained excellent correlation with the fully differentiated 3D human nasal epithelial model (MucilAir™) for 11 model drugs, as well as by the good correlation obtained with the human nasal epithelial cell line RPMI 2650. In addition, the permeability values determined in the two Calu-3 models correlated well with the intestinal permeability model Caco-2.
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15
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Li X, Su J, Kamal Z, Guo P, Wu X, Lu L, Wu H, Qiu M. Odorranalectin modified PEG-PLGA/PEG-PBLG curcumin-loaded nanoparticle for intranasal administration. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:899-909. [PMID: 32375569 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1762202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (Cur) is a promising drug for neurological diseases. Nevertheless, the application of Cur has been limited due to its difficulty in penetrating blood-brain barrier (BBB). Intranasal drug delivery, a noninvasive alternative delivery of Cur, can effectively help Cur cross BBB and inert into central nervous system directly. Odorranalectin (OL) which is the smallest lectin can prolong the residence time of Cur in the nasal mucosa and promote cellular uptake. In this work, a nasal delivery system incorporating OL modified Cur-loaded nanoparticles (Cur-OL-NPs) was developed and expected to bypass BBB and promote the absorption of Cur. We conjugated OL to polyethylene glycol-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PEG-PLGA), and combined polyethylene glycol-poly (γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) (PEG-PBLG) and OL-PEG-PLGA to prepare nanoparticles to improve the stability, bioavailability and targeting of Cur. Compared with unmodified NPs, increased efficiency of Cur-OL-NPs cellular uptake by Calu-3 cells had been obtained with no severe toxicity. Furthermore, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies also showed that Cur-OL-NPs had higher relative bioavailability. Thus, it is concluded that the results indicated that OL-NPs as carriers of Cur had a promising future in nasal drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zul Kamal
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir (Upper), Pakistan
| | - Pengcheng Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingfeng Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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16
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In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo methods of lung absorption for inhaled drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 161-162:63-74. [PMID: 32763274 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The assessment and prediction of lung absorption and disposition are an increasingly essential preclinical task for successful discovery and product development of inhaled drugs for both local and systemic delivery. Hence, in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo preclinical methods of lung absorption continue to evolve with several technical, methodological and analytical refinements. As in vitro lung epithelial cell monolayer models, the air-liquid interface (ALI)-cultured Calu-3 cells have most frequently been used, but the NCI-H441 and hAELVi cells have now been proposed as the first immortalized human alveolar epithelial cells capable of forming highly-restricted monolayers. The primary ALI-cultured three-dimensional (3D) human lung cell barriers have also become available; efforts to incorporate aerosol drug deposition into the in vitro lung cell models continue; and stem cell-derived lung epithelial cells and "lung-on-a-chip" technology are emerging. The ex vivo isolated perfused rat lung (IPRL) methods have increasing been used, as they enable the kinetic determination of tissue/organ-level diffusive and membrane protein-mediated absorption and competing non-absorptive loss; the assessment of "pre-epithelial" aerosol biopharmaceutical events in the lung, such as dissolution and release; and the ex vivo-to-in vivo extrapolation and prediction. Even so, in vivo small rodent-based methods have been of mainstay use, while large animal-based methods find an additional opportunity to study region-dependent lung absorption and disposition. It is also exciting that human pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles and systemic exposures for inhaled drugs/molecules may be able to be predicted from these in vivo rodent PK data following lung delivery using kinetic modeling approach with allometric scaling. Overall, the value of these preclinical assessments appears to have shifted more to their translational capability of predicting local lung and systemic exposure in humans, in addition to rationalizing optimal inhaled dosage form and delivery system for drugs/molecules in question. It is critically important therefore to make appropriate selection and timely exploitation of the best models at each stage of drug discovery and development program for efficient progress toward product approval and clinical use.
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17
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Shrestha J, Ghadiri M, Shanmugavel M, Razavi Bazaz S, Vasilescu S, Ding L, Ebrahimi Warkiani M. A rapidly prototyped lung-on-a-chip model using 3D-printed molds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ooc.2020.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Tatsuta M, Kan-O K, Ishii Y, Yamamoto N, Ogawa T, Fukuyama S, Ogawa A, Fujita A, Nakanishi Y, Matsumoto K. Effects of cigarette smoke on barrier function and tight junction proteins in the bronchial epithelium: protective role of cathelicidin LL-37. Respir Res 2019; 20:251. [PMID: 31706310 PMCID: PMC6842552 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1226-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Airway epithelial barrier function is maintained by the formation of tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs). Inhalation of cigarette smoke causes airway epithelial barrier dysfunction and may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We assessed the effects of cigarette smoke on barrier function and expression of multiple TJ and AJ proteins in the bronchial epithelium. We also examined whether treatment with glucocorticosteroids (GCSs), long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs), and human cathelicidin LL-37 can protect against cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced barrier dysfunction. Methods Calu-3 cells cultured at the air-liquid interface were pretreated with or without GCSs, LABAs, GCSs plus LABAs, or LL-37, and subsequently exposed to CSE. Barrier function was assessed by transepithelial electronic resistance (TEER) measurements. Gene and protein expression levels of TJ and AJ proteins were analyzed by quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. Immunofluorescence staining of TJ and AJ proteins was performed. Results CSE decreased TEER and increased permeability in a concentration-dependent manner. CSE suppressed gene expression of claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-4, claudin-7, claudin-15, occludin, E-cadherin, junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) within 12 h post-CSE exposure, while suppressed protein expression levels of occludin at 12 h. CSE-treated cells exhibited discontinuous or attenuated immunostaining for claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-4, occludin, ZO-1, and E-cadherin compared with untreated cells. GCS treatment partially restored CSE-induced TEER reduction, while LABA treatment had no effect. GCS and LABA combination treatment had no additive effect on CSE-induced TEER reduction and gene suppression of TJ and AJ proteins. Human cathelicidin LL-37 counteracted CSE-induced TEER reduction and prevented disruption of occludin and ZO-1. LL-37 also attenuated CSE-induced decreases in gene and protein expression levels of occludin. Conclusions CSE caused airway epithelial barrier dysfunction and simultaneously downregulated multiple TJ and AJ proteins. GCS and LABA combination treatment had no additive effect on CSE-induced TEER reduction. LL-37 counteracted CSE-induced TEER reduction and prevented disruption of occludin and ZO-1. Use of LL-37 to counteract airway epithelial barrier dysfunction may have significant benefits for respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyoko Tatsuta
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Omuta National Hospital, Fukuoka, 837-0911, Japan
| | - Keiko Kan-O
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan. .,Department of Endoscopic Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yumiko Ishii
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ogawa
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Satoru Fukuyama
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Aimi Ogawa
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akitaka Fujita
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakanishi
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koichiro Matsumoto
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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19
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Chai G, Park H, Yu S, Zhou F, Li J, Xu Q, Zhou QT. Evaluation of co-delivery of colistin and ciprofloxacin in liposomes using an in vitro human lung epithelial cell model. Int J Pharm 2019; 569:118616. [PMID: 31415873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria are serious burdens to the public. Our previous findings indicated that co-loading of colistin and ciprofloxacin via liposomes improved in vitro antimicrobial activities against multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa as compared to the monotherapies. The current study aims to investigate the transport behavior of colistin and ciprofloxacin in liposomes using the in vitro Calu-3 cell monolayer, which is a lung epithelial model cultured under the air-interfaced condition. The cell viability results demonstrated that there was no obvious toxicity of cells exposed to single or co-administered drugs at the concentration ≤500 μg/mL. Transport of ciprofloxacin into the cells was easier than that of colistin, which reached a plateau rapidly. Colistin was less trapped in the mucus or adhered to the apical cell membrane, and less transported across the cell monolayer than ciprofloxacin. The deposition of ciprofloxacin on the apical side increased over time (from 1 to 4 h). There was no drug-drug interaction observed during the transport of ciprofloxacin and colistin across the cell monolayer, when they were dosed together in the solution form. The amount of drug transported across the cell monolayer was decreased in both agents when loaded in liposomes. Both drugs were more trapped in the mucus or more adhered to the apical side cell membrane of the cell monolayer when they were in liposomes. This study demonstrated that co-delivery of colistin and ciprofloxacin in a single liposome can reduce transport capacity of both drugs across the lung epithelial cell monolayer and enhance drug retention on the lung epithelial surfaces; therefore, it is a promising approach to treat the respiratory infections caused by multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihong Chai
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Heejun Park
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Shihui Yu
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Qingguo Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Qi Tony Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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20
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Nguyen TT, Yi EJ, Hwang KM, Cho CH, Park CW, Kim JY, Rhee YS, Park ES. Formulation and evaluation of carrier-free dry powder inhaler containing sildenafil. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2019; 9:319-333. [PMID: 30276666 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery of sildenafil for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension could overcome the limitations of intravenous and oral administration routes, such as poor patient compliance and systemic side effects. In this study, a carrier-free dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulation was developed, using spray drying technique and L-leucine as a dispersibility enhancer. Sildenafil citrate salt and sildenafil free base were evaluated for drug transport using a Calu-3 cell model, and their suitability for DPI production by spray drying was tested. Characteristics of the resultant carrier-free DPI powders were examined, namely crystallinity, morphology, size distribution, density, zeta potential, and aerodynamic performance. A Box-Behnken design was adopted to optimize the formulation and process conditions, including leucine amount, fraction of methanol in spraying solvent, and inlet temperature. While both sildenafil forms exhibited sufficient permeability for lung absorption, only sildenafil base resulted in DPI powders which were stable for 6 months. The introduction of leucine into the formulations effectively enhanced aerodynamic performance of the powders and particles with favorable size, shape, and density were produced. The optimal DPI formulation determined from experimental design possesses excellent aerodynamic performance with 89.39% emitted dose and 80.08% fine particle fraction, indicating the possibility of incorporating sildenafil into carrier-free DPIs for pulmonary delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Tram Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Mok Hwang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Hee Cho
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Woong Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju-gun, 565-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Seok Rhee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seok Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Charles DD, Fisher JR, Hoskinson SM, Medina-Colorado AA, Shen YC, Chaaban MR, Widen SG, Eaves-Pyles TD, Maxwell CA, Miller AL, Popov VL, Pyles RB. Development of a Novel ex vivo Nasal Epithelial Cell Model Supporting Colonization With Human Nasal Microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:165. [PMID: 31165051 PMCID: PMC6536665 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The nasal mucosa provides first line defense against inhaled pathogens while creating a unique microenvironment for bacterial communities. Studying the impact of microbiota in the nasal cavity has been difficult due to limitations with current models including explant cultures, primary cells, or neoplastic cell lines. Most notably, none have been shown to support reproducible colonization by bacterial communities from human donors. Therefore, to conduct controlled studies of the human nasal ecosystem, we have developed a novel ex vivo mucosal model that supports bacterial colonization of a cultured host mucosa created by immortalized human nasal epithelial cells (NEC). For this model, immortalized NEC established from 5 male and 5 female donors were cultured with an air-interfaced, apical surface on a porous transwell membrane. NEC were grown from nasal turbinate tissues harvested from willed bodies or from discarded tissue collected during sinonasal procedures. Immortalized cells were evaluated through molecular verification of cell type, histological confirmation of tissue differentiation including formation of tight junctions, NEC multilayer viability, metabolism, physiology and imaging of the luminal surface by scanning electron microscopy. Results showed proper differentiation and multilayer formation at seven to 10 days after air interface that was maintained for up to 3 weeks. The optimized mucosal cultures created an environment necessary to sustain colonization by nasal microbiomes (NMBs) that were collected from healthy volunteers, cryogenically preserved and characterized with customized quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) arrays. Polymicrobial communities of nasal bacteria associated with healthy and inflamed states were consistently reproduced in matured NEC co-cultures by transplant of NMBs from multiple community types. The cultured NMBs were stable after an initial period of bacterial replication and equilibration. This novel ex vivo culture system is the first model that supports controlled cultivation of NMBs, allowing for lab-based causation studies and further experimentation to explore the complexities of host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derald D Charles
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - James R Fisher
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Sarah M Hoskinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | | | - Yi C Shen
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Mohamad R Chaaban
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Steven G Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Tonyia D Eaves-Pyles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Carrie A Maxwell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Aaron L Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Vsevolod L Popov
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Richard B Pyles
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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22
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Wang Q, Peng S, Hu Y, Wong CH, Kwan KM, Chan HYE, Zuo Z. Efficient brain uptake and distribution of an expanded CAG RNA inhibitor DB213 via intranasal administration. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 127:240-251. [PMID: 30391403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
DB213 is an expanded CAG RNA inhibitor targeting polyglutamine diseases. This current study aims to investigate biopharmaceutic characteristics of DB213 as well as its brain uptake and distribution in C57 wild type mice, R6/2 Huntington's disease mice and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats via intranasal administration. The biopharmaceutic characteristics of DB213 were investigated in vitro using Calu-3/MDCK/HEK293 cell lines and brain slices for its membrane transport, equilibrium dialysis for its plasma protein/brain tissue bindings and liver/brain microsomes incubation for its enzyme kinetics profiles. In vivo study of DB213 brain distribution was conducted in rats via intravenous and intranasal routes at 50 mg/kg followed by its brain uptake evaluation in mice at 25 mg/kg via intranasal route. In vitro membrane transport studies found that DB213 not only had a limited passive diffusion with a Papp (a→b) value of 1.75 × 10-6 cm/s in Calu-3 cell monolayer model but also was substrate of MRP2, MRP3, and amino acid transporter. Furthermore, DB213 demonstrated higher binding towards brain homogenate (80%) than plasma (10%) with limited metabolism in liver and brain. After intranasal administration of DB213, both olfactory bulb and trigeminal nerve served as its entry points to reach brain as demonstrated in rats while efficient brain uptake was observed in mice. In summary, limited nasal epithelium permeability and MRP2/MRP3 mediated efflux transport of DB213 could be overcome by its influx transport via amino acid transporter and minimal liver and brain metabolism, which further contribute to its rapid brain uptake and distribution in mice and rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Shaohong Peng
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Yue Hu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Ho Wong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Kin Ming Kwan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - H Y Edwin Chan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong; Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.
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Tenenbaum-Katan J, Artzy-Schnirman A, Fishler R, Korin N, Sznitman J. Biomimetics of the pulmonary environment in vitro: A microfluidics perspective. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:042209. [PMID: 29887933 PMCID: PMC5973897 DOI: 10.1063/1.5023034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The entire luminal surface of the lungs is populated with a complex yet confluent, uninterrupted airway epithelium in conjunction with an extracellular liquid lining layer that creates the air-liquid interface (ALI), a critical feature of healthy lungs. Motivated by lung disease modelling, cytotoxicity studies, and drug delivery assessments amongst other, in vitro setups have been traditionally conducted using macroscopic cultures of isolated airway cells under submerged conditions or instead using transwell inserts with permeable membranes to model the ALI architecture. Yet, such strategies continue to fall short of delivering a sufficiently realistic physiological in vitro airway environment that cohesively integrates at true-scale three essential pillars: morphological constraints (i.e., airway anatomy), physiological conditions (e.g., respiratory airflows), and biological functionality (e.g., cellular makeup). With the advent of microfluidic lung-on-chips, there have been tremendous efforts towards designing biomimetic airway models of the epithelial barrier, including the ALI, and leveraging such in vitro scaffolds as a gateway for pulmonary disease modelling and drug screening assays. Here, we review in vitro platforms mimicking the pulmonary environment and identify ongoing challenges in reconstituting accurate biological airway barriers that still widely prevent microfluidic systems from delivering mainstream assays for the end-user, as compared to macroscale in vitro cell cultures. We further discuss existing hurdles in scaling up current lung-on-chip designs, from single airway models to more physiologically realistic airway environments that are anticipated to deliver increasingly meaningful whole-organ functions, with an outlook on translational and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Tenenbaum-Katan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Arbel Artzy-Schnirman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Rami Fishler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Netanel Korin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Josué Sznitman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
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24
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Humayun M, Chow CW, Young EWK. Microfluidic lung airway-on-a-chip with arrayable suspended gels for studying epithelial and smooth muscle cell interactions. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1298-1309. [PMID: 29651473 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc01357d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases (CLDs) are regulated by complex interactions between many different cell types residing in lung airway tissues. Specifically, interactions between airway epithelial cells (ECs) and airway smooth muscle cells (SMCs) have been shown in part to play major roles in the pathogenesis of CLDs, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. To advance our understanding of lung pathophysiology and accelerate drug development processes, new innovative in vitro tissue models are needed that can reconstitute the complex in vivo microenvironment of human lung tissues. Organ-on-a-chip technologies have recently made significant strides in recapitulating physiological properties of in vivo lung tissue microenvironments. However, novel advancements are still needed to enable the study of airway SMC-EC communication with matrix interactions, and to provide higher throughput capabilities and manufacturability. We have developed a thermoplastic-based microfluidic lung airway-on-a-chip model that mimics the lung airway tissue microenvironment, and in particular, the interactions between SMCs, ECs, and supporting extracellular matrix (ECM). The microdevice is fabricated from acrylic using micromilling and solvent bonding techniques, and consists of three vertically stacked microfluidic compartments with a bottom media reservoir for SMC culture, a middle thin hydrogel layer, and an upper microchamber for achieving air-liquid interface (ALI) culture of the epithelium. A unique aspect of the design lies in the suspended hydrogel with upper and lower interfaces for EC and SMC culture, respectively. A mixture of type I collagen and Matrigel was found to promote EC adhesion and monolayer formation, and SMC adhesion and alignment. Optimal culturing protocols were established that enabled EC-SMC coculture for more than 31 days. Epithelial monolayers displayed common morphological markers including ZO-1 tight junctions and F-actin cell cortices, while SMCs exhibited enhanced cell alignment and expression of α-SMA. The thermoplastic device construction facilitates mass manufacturing, allows EC-SMC coculture systems to be arrayed for increased throughput, and can be disassembled to allow extraction of the suspended gel for downstream analyses. This airway-on-a-chip device has potential to significantly advance our understanding of SMC-EC-matrix interactions, and their roles in the development of CLDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhita Humayun
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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25
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Murgia X, Loretz B, Hartwig O, Hittinger M, Lehr CM. The role of mucus on drug transport and its potential to affect therapeutic outcomes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 124:82-97. [PMID: 29106910 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A layer of mucus covers the surface of all wet epithelia throughout the human body. Mucus is a hydrogel mainly composed of water, mucins (glycoproteins), DNA, proteins, lipids, and cell debris. This complex composition yields a tenacious viscoelastic hydrogel that lubricates and protects the exposed epithelia from external threats and enzymatic degradation. The natural protective role of mucus is nowadays acknowledged as a major barrier to be overcome in non-invasive drug delivery. The heterogeneity of mucus components offers a wide range of potential chemical interaction sites for macromolecules, while the mesh-like architecture given to mucus by the intermolecular cross-linking of mucin molecules results in a dense network that physically, and in a size-dependent manner, hinders the diffusion of nanoparticles through mucus. Consequently, drug diffusion, epithelial absorption, drug bioavailability, and ultimately therapeutic outcomes of mucosal drug delivery can be attenuated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Murgia
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Brigitta Loretz
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Olga Hartwig
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marius Hittinger
- PharmBioTec GmbH, Science Park 1 Campus D 1.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; PharmBioTec GmbH, Science Park 1 Campus D 1.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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26
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Chono S, Togami K, Itagaki S. Aerosolized liposomes with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine enhance pulmonary absorption of encapsulated insulin compared with co-administered insulin. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:1892-1898. [PMID: 28689439 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1353521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have previously shown that aerosolized liposomes with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) enhance the pulmonary absorption of encapsulated insulin. In this study, we aimed to compare insulin encapsulated into the liposomes versus co-administration of empty liposomes and unencapsulated free insulin, where the DPCC liposomes would serve as absorption enhancer. SIGNIFICANCE The present study provides the useful information for development of noninvasive treatment of diabetes. METHODS Co-administration of empty DPPC liposomes and unencapsulated free insulin was investigated in vivo to assess the potential enhancement in protein pulmonary absorption. Co-administration was compared to DPPC liposomes encapsulating insulin, and free insulin. RESULTS DPPC liposomes enhanced the pulmonary absorption of unencapsulated free insulin; however, the enhancing effect was lower than that of the DPPC liposomes encapsulating insulin. The mechanism of the pulmonary absorption of unencapsulated free insulin by DPPC liposomes involved the opening of epithelial cell space in alveolar mucosa, and not mucosal cell damage, similar to that of the DPPC liposomes encapsulating insulin. In an in vitro stability test, insulin in the alveolar mucus layer that covers epithelial cells was stable. These findings suggest that, although unencapsulated free insulin spreads throughout the alveolar mucus layer, the concentration of insulin released near the absorption surface is increased by the encapsulation of insulin into DPPC liposomes and the absorption efficiency is also increased. CONCLUSION We revealed that the encapsulation of insulin into DPPC liposomes is more effective for pulmonary insulin absorption than co-administration of DPPC liposomes and unencapsulated free insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumio Chono
- a Division of Pharmaceutics , Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy , Hokkaido , Japan
| | - Kohei Togami
- a Division of Pharmaceutics , Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy , Hokkaido , Japan
| | - Shirou Itagaki
- b Department of Pharmacy , Hirosaki University School of Medicine & Hospital , Aomori , Japan
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Nakpheng T, Songkarak S, Suwandecha T, Sritharadol R, Chunhachaichana C, Srichana T. Evidences for salbutamol metabolism by respiratory and liver cell lines. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2016; 32:127-134. [PMID: 28318879 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the enantiomeric biotransformation of salbutamol in the human respiratory and liver cells. The cells from the different cell growth cycles were treated with various concentrations of salbutamol sulfate. Salbutamol and its metabolites were analyzed using chiral liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. There were no metabolites of salbutamol found in the extracellular medium, intracellular, and cell lysate of respiratory cell lines. The S/R ratios of salbutamol were found to be 0.99-1.10 in all cell lines, cell cycles, and salbutamol concentrations in this study. Salbutamol metabolites were found only in intracellular HepG2 cells. The S/R ratios of the salbutamol inside the liver cells were 10 times greater than the S/R ratios of the salbutamol in the liver extracellular medium (0.99-1.10). It is important to note that the S/R ratios of salbutamol in liver cell lysate enzyme were 0.99-1.10 whereas the S/R salbutamol metabolites inside the liver cell were around 1.91-2.14. Both salbutamol and sulfate conjugation metabolites were detected in MS chromatograms with an m/z of 239.2 and 317.6, respectively. Hence, the delivery of salbutamol directly to the respiratory system is a right target that can avoid first-pass metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titpawan Nakpheng
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center and Nanotec-PSU Excellence Center in Drug Delivery, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Supreedee Songkarak
- Department of the Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Tan Suwandecha
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center and Nanotec-PSU Excellence Center in Drug Delivery, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Rutthapol Sritharadol
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center and Nanotec-PSU Excellence Center in Drug Delivery, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand; Department of the Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Charisopon Chunhachaichana
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center and Nanotec-PSU Excellence Center in Drug Delivery, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand; Department of the Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Teerapol Srichana
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center and Nanotec-PSU Excellence Center in Drug Delivery, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand; Department of the Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
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28
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Papazian D, Würtzen PA, Hansen SWK. Polarized Airway Epithelial Models for Immunological Co-Culture Studies. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2016; 170:1-21. [PMID: 27240620 DOI: 10.1159/000445833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells line all cavities and surfaces throughout the body and play a substantial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Asthma and other atopic diseases are increasing worldwide and allergic disorders are hypothesized to be a consequence of a combination of dysregulation of the epithelial response towards environmental antigens and genetic susceptibility, resulting in inflammation and T cell-derived immune responses. In vivo animal models have long been used to study immune homeostasis of the airways but are limited by species restriction and lack of exposure to a natural environment of both potential allergens and microflora. Limitations of these models prompt a need to develop new human cell-based in vitro models. A variety of co-culture systems for modelling the respiratory epithelium exist and are available to the scientific community. The models have become increasingly sophisticated and specific care needs to be taken with regard to cell types, culture medium and culture models, depending on the aim of the study. Although great strides have been made, there is still a need for further optimization, and optimally also for standardization, in order for in vitro co-culture models to become powerful tools in the discovery of key molecules dictating immunity and/or tolerance, and for understanding the complex interplay that takes place between mucosa, airway epithelium and resident or infiltrating immune cells. This review focuses on current knowledge and the advantages and limitations of the different cell types and culture methods used in co-culture models of the human airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick Papazian
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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29
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Jesus S, Soares E, Costa J, Borchard G, Borges O. Immune response elicited by an intranasally delivered HBsAg low-dose adsorbed to poly-ε-caprolactone based nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2016; 504:59-69. [PMID: 26976502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Among new strategies to increase hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination, especially in developing countries, the development of self-administered vaccines is considered one of the most valuable. Nasal vaccination using polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) constitutes a valid approach to this issue. In detail, poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL)/chitosan NPs present advantages as a mucosal vaccine delivery system: the high resistance of PCL against degradation in biological fluids and the mucoadhesive and immunostimulatory properties of chitosan. In vitro studies revealed these NPs were retained in a mucus-secreting pulmonary epithelial cell line and were capable of entering into differentiated epithelial cells. The intranasal (IN) administration of 3 different doses of HBsAg (1.5 μg, 5 μg and 10 μg) adsorbed on a fixed amount of PCL/chitosan NPs (1614 μg) generated identical titers of serum anti-HBsAg IgG and anti-HBsAg sIgA in mice nasal secretions. Besides other factors, the NP surface characteristics, particularly, zeta potential differences among the administered formulations are believed to be implicated in the outcome of the immune response generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Jesus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Edna Soares
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Costa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 30, quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Olga Borges
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
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30
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Turdalieva A, Solandt J, Shambetova N, Xu H, Blom H, Brismar H, Zelenina M, Fu Y. Bioelectric and Morphological Response of Liquid-Covered Human Airway Epithelial Calu-3 Cell Monolayer to Periodic Deposition of Colloidal 3-Mercaptopropionic-Acid Coated CdSe-CdS/ZnS Core-Multishell Quantum Dots. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149915. [PMID: 26913754 PMCID: PMC4767322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung epithelial cells are extensively exposed to nanoparticles present in the modern urban environment. Nanoparticles, including colloidal quantum dots (QDs), are also considered to be potentially useful carriers for the delivery of drugs into the body. It is therefore important to understand the ways of distribution and the effects of the various types of nanoparticles in the lung epithelium. We use a model system of liquid-covered human airway epithelial Calu-3 cell cultures to study the immediate and long-term effects of repeated deposition of colloidal 3-mercaptopropionic-acid coated CdSe-CdS/ZnS core-multishell QDs on the lung epithelial cell surface. By live confocal microscope imaging and by QD fluorescence measurements we show that the QD permeation through the mature epithelial monolayers is very limited. At the time of QD deposition, the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of the epithelial monolayers transiently decreased, with the decrement being proportional to the QD dose. Repeated QD deposition, once every six days for two months, lead to accumulation of only small amounts of the QDs in the cell monolayer. However, it did not induce any noticeable changes in the long-term TEER and the molecular morphology of the cells. The colloidal 3-mercaptopropionic-acid coated CdSe-CdS/ZnS core-multishell QDs could therefore be potentially used for the delivery of drugs intended for the surface of the lung epithelia during limited treatment periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizat Turdalieva
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Nestan Shambetova
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hao Xu
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Blom
- Advanced Light Microscopy facility, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Hjalmar Brismar
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marina Zelenina
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ying Fu
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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31
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Stigliani M, Haghi M, Russo P, Young PM, Traini D. Antibiotic transport across bronchial epithelial cells: Effects of molecular weight, LogP and apparent permeability. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 83:45-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Min KA, Rosania GR, Shin MC. Human Airway Primary Epithelial Cells Show Distinct Architectures on Membrane Supports Under Different Culture Conditions. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 74:191-203. [PMID: 26818810 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0719-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To facilitate drug development for lung delivery, it is highly demanding to establish appropriate airway epithelial cell models as transport barriers to evaluate pharmacokinetic profiles of drug molecules. Besides the cancer-derived cell lines, as the primary cell model, normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells have been used for drug screenings because of physiological relevance to in vivo. Therefore, to accurately interpret drug transport data in NHBE measured by different laboratories, it is important to know biophysical characteristics of NHBE grown on membranes in different culture conditions. In this study, NHBE was grown on the polyester membrane in a different medium and its transport barrier properties as well as cell architectures were fully characterized by functional assays and confocal imaging throughout the days of cultures. Moreover, NHBE cells on inserts in a different medium were subject to either of air-interfaced culture (AIC) or liquid-covered culture (LCC) condition. Cells in the AIC condition were cultivated on the membrane with medium in the basolateral side only, whereas cells with medium in apical and basolateral sides under the LCC condition. Quantitative microscopic imaging with biophysical examination revealed distinct multilayered architectures of differentiated NHBE cells, suggesting NHBE as functional cell barriers for the lung-targeting drug transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ah Min
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju Daero, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Gus R Rosania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Meong Cheol Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju Daero, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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33
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Min KA, Rosania GR, Kim CK, Shin MC. Functional and cytometric examination of different human lung epithelial cell types as drug transport barriers. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:359-69. [PMID: 26746641 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
To develop inhaled medications, various cell culture models have been used to examine the transcellular transport or cellular uptake properties of small molecules. For the reproducible high throughput screening of the inhaled drug candidates, a further verification of cell architectures as drug transport barriers can contribute to establishing appropriate in vitro cell models. In the present study, side-by-side experiments were performed to compare the structure and transport function of three lung epithelial cells (Calu-3, normal human bronchial primary cells (NHBE), and NL-20). The cells were cultured on the nucleopore membranes in the air-liquid interface (ALI) culture conditions, with cell culture medium in the basolateral side only, starting from day 1. In transport assays, paracellular transport across all three types of cells appeared to be markedly different with the NHBE or Calu-3 cells, showing low paracellular permeability and high TEER values, while the NL-20 cells showed high paracellular permeability and low TEER. Quantitative image analysis of the confocal microscope sections further confirmed that the Calu-3 cells formed intact cell monolayers in contrast to the NHBE and NL-20 cells with multilayers. Among three lung epithelial cell types, the Calu-3 cell cultures under the ALI condition showed optimal cytometric features for mimicking the biophysical characteristics of in vivo airway epithelium. Therefore, the Calu-3 cell monolayers could be used as functional cell barriers for the lung-targeted drug transport studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ah Min
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju Daero, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Gus R Rosania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Chong-Kook Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Meong Cheol Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju Daero, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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Togawa N, Juge N, Miyaji T, Hiasa M, Omote H, Moriyama Y. Wide expression of type I Na+-phosphate cotransporter 3 (NPT3/SLC17A2), a membrane potential-driven organic anion transporter. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 309:C71-80. [PMID: 25972451 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00048.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Membrane potential (Δψ)-driven and Cl(-)-dependent organic anion transport is a primary function of the solute carrier family 17 (SLC17) transporter family. Although the transport substrates and physiological relevance of the major members are well understood, SLC17A2 protein known to be Na(+)-phosphate cotransporter 3 (NPT3) is far less well characterized. In the present study, we investigated the transport properties and expression patterns of mouse SLC17A2 protein (mNPT3). Proteoliposomes containing the purified mNPT3 protein took up radiolabeled p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) in a Δψ- and Cl(-)-dependent manner. The mNPT3-mediated PAH uptake was inhibited by 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDs) and Evans blue, common inhibitors of SLC17 family members. The PAH uptake was also inhibited by various anionic compounds, such as hydrophilic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and urate. Consistent with these observations, the proteoliposome took up radiolabeled urate in a Δψ- and Cl(-)-dependent manner. Immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies against mNPT3 combined with RT-PCR revealed that mNPT3 is present in various tissues, including the hepatic bile duct, luminal membranes of the renal urinary tubules, maternal side of syncytiotrophoblast in the placenta, apical membrane of follicle cells in the thyroid, bronchiole epithelial cells in the lungs, and astrocytes around blood vessels in the cerebrum. These results suggested that mNPT3 is a polyspecific organic anion transporter that is involved in circulation of urate throughout the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Togawa
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Narinobu Juge
- Advanced Science Research Center, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; and Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Miyaji
- Advanced Science Research Center, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; and
| | - Miki Hiasa
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Omote
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Moriyama
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Advanced Science Research Center, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; and
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35
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George I, Naudin G, Boland S, Mornet S, Contremoulins V, Beugnon K, Martinon L, Lambert O, Baeza-Squiban A. Metallic oxide nanoparticle translocation across the human bronchial epithelial barrier. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:4529-4544. [PMID: 25685900 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr07079h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation is the most frequent route of unintentional exposure to nanoparticles (NPs). Our aim was to quantify the translocation of different metallic NPs across human bronchial epithelial cells and to determine the factors influencing this translocation. Calu-3 cells forming a tight epithelial barrier when grown on a porous membrane in a two compartment chamber were exposed to fluorescently labelled NPs to quantify the NP translocation. NP translocation and uptake by cells were also studied by confocal and transmission electron microscopy. Translocation was characterized according to NP size (16, 50, or 100 nm), surface charge (negative or positive SiO2), composition (SiO2 or TiO2), presence of proteins or phospholipids and in an inflammatory context. Our results showed that NPs can translocate through the Calu-3 monolayer whatever their composition (SiO2 or TiO2), but this translocation was increased for the smallest and negatively charged NPs. Translocation was not associated with an alteration of the integrity of the epithelial monolayer, suggesting a transcytosis of the internalized NPs. By modifying the NP corona, the ability of NPs to cross the epithelial barrier differed depending on their intrinsic properties, making positively charged NPs more prone to translocate. NP translocation can be amplified by using agents known to open tight junctions and to allow paracellular passage. NP translocation was also modulated when mimicking an inflammatory context frequently found in the lungs, altering the epithelial integrity and inducing transient tight junction opening. This in vitro evaluation of NP translocation could be extended to other inhaled NPs to predict their biodistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle George
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA) (BFA) UMR 8251 CNRS, F-75205, Paris, France.
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The characterization of the human cell line Calu-3 under different culture conditions and its use as an optimized in vitro model to investigate bronchial epithelial function. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 69:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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George I, Vranic S, Boland S, Courtois A, Baeza-Squiban A. Development of an in vitro model of human bronchial epithelial barrier to study nanoparticle translocation. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:51-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Schultz I, Vollmers F, Lühmann T, Rybak JC, Wittmann R, Stank K, Steckel H, Kardziev B, Schmidt M, Högger P, Meinel L. Pulmonary Insulin-like Growth Factor I Delivery from Trehalose and Silk-Fibroin Microparticles. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ab500101c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Schultz
- Institute
for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Frederic Vollmers
- Institute
for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Tessa Lühmann
- Institute
for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jens-Christoph Rybak
- Institute
for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ronja Wittmann
- Institute
for Pharmacy, University of Kiel, Grasweg 9a, DE-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Katharina Stank
- Institute
for Pharmacy, University of Kiel, Grasweg 9a, DE-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Hartwig Steckel
- Institute
for Pharmacy, University of Kiel, Grasweg 9a, DE-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Michael Schmidt
- Medical
Clinic and Polyclinic I, University of Wuerzburg, DE-97080, Germany
| | - Petra Högger
- Institute
for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- Institute
for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
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Bol L, Galas JC, Hillaireau H, Le Potier I, Nicolas V, Haghiri-Gosnet AM, Fattal E, Taverna M. A microdevice for parallelized pulmonary permeability studies. Biomed Microdevices 2014; 16:277-85. [PMID: 24337430 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-013-9831-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe a compartmentalized microdevice specifically designed to perform permeability studies across a model of lung barrier. Epithelial cell barriers were reproduced by culturing Calu-3 cells at the air-liquid interface (AIC) in 1 mm² microwells made from a perforated glass slide with an embedded porous membrane. We created a single basolateral reservoir for all microwells which eliminated the need to renew the growth medium during the culture growth phase. To perform drug permeability studies on confluent cell layers, the cell culture slide was aligned and joined to a collection platform consisting in 35 μL collection reservoirs connected at the top and bottom with microchannels. The integrity and functionality of the cell barriers were demonstrated by measurement of trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), confocal imaging and permeability assays of ¹⁴C-sucrose. Micro-cell barriers were able to form confluent layers in 1 week, demonstrating a similar bioelectrical evolution as the Transwell systems used as controls. Tight junctions were observed throughout the cell-cell interfaces, and the low permeability coefficients of ¹⁴C-sucrose confirmed their functional presence, creating a primary barrier to the diffusion of solutes. This microdevice could facilitate the monitoring of biomolecule transport and the screening of formulations promoting their passage across the pulmonary barrier, in order to select candidates for pulmonary administration to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Bol
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Prytherch Z, Bérubé K. Modelling the Human Respiratory System: Approaches for in Vitro Safety Testing and Drug Discovery. HUMAN-BASED SYSTEMS FOR TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782620136-00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory research can be broken down into two main areas: (i) exposure to airborne substances (basic toxicology assessment); and (ii) respiratory diseases (understanding disease mechanisms and development of new therapeutics, including toxicological assessment). Both have suffered from inadequate and inaccurate models used to predict human toxicological end points. A growing need therefore exists for accurate in vitro models of the respiratory system, which accurately reflect the human lung situation in vivo. Advances in cell culture techniques and accessibility of human cells/tissues have resulted in the development of increasingly in vivo-like respiratory models. This chapter will focus on the development, advantages and disadvantages of these models and what the future holds for in vitro lung toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Prytherch
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University The Sir Martin Evan Building Museum Avenue Cardiff CF10 3AX Wales UK
| | - Kelly Bérubé
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University The Sir Martin Evan Building Museum Avenue Cardiff CF10 3AX Wales UK
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Haghi M, Ong HX, Traini D, Young P. Across the pulmonary epithelial barrier: Integration of physicochemical properties and human cell models to study pulmonary drug formulations. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 144:235-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kolate A, Kore G, Lesimple P, Baradia D, Patil S, Hanrahan JW, Misra A. Polymer assisted entrapment of netilmicin in PLGA nanoparticles for sustained antibacterial activity. J Microencapsul 2014; 32:61-74. [PMID: 25238317 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2014.944951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to develop poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticle of highly water soluble antibiotic drug, netilmicin sulfate (NS) with improved entrapment efficiency (EE) and antibacterial activity. Dextran sulfate was introduced as helper polymer to form electrostatic complex with NS. Nanoparticles were prepared by double emulsification method and optimized using 2(5-1) fractional factorial design. EE was mainly influenced by dextran sulfate: NS charge ratio and PLGA concentration, whereas particle size (PS) was affected by all factors examined. The optimized NS-loaded-NPs had EE and PS of 93.23 ± 2.7% and 140.83 ± 2.4 nm respectively. NS-loaded-NPs effectively inhibited bacterial growth compared to free NS. Sustained release protected its inactivation and reduced the decline in its killing activity over time even in presence of bronchial cells. A MIC value of 18 μg/mL was observed for NPs on P. aeruginosa. Therefore, NPs with sustained bactericidal efficiency against P. aeruginosa may provide therapeutic benefit in chronic pulmonary infection, like cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Kolate
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda , Vadodara, Gujarat , India , and
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Nichols JE, Niles JA, Vega SP, Argueta LB, Eastaway A, Cortiella J. Modeling the lung: Design and development of tissue engineered macro- and micro-physiologic lung models for research use. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:1135-69. [PMID: 24962174 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214536679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory tract specific cell populations, or tissue engineered in vitro grown human lung, have the potential to be used as research tools to mimic physiology, toxicology, pathology, as well as infectious diseases responses of cells or tissues. Studies related to respiratory tract pathogenesis or drug toxicity testing in the past made use of basic systems where single cell populations were exposed to test agents followed by evaluations of simple cellular responses. Although these simple single-cell-type systems provided good basic information related to cellular responses, much more can be learned from cells grown in fabricated microenvironments which mimic in vivo conditions in specialized microfabricated chambers or by human tissue engineered three-dimensional (3D) models which allow for more natural interactions between cells. Recent advances in microengineering technology, microfluidics, and tissue engineering have provided a new approach to the development of 2D and 3D cell culture models which enable production of more robust human in vitro respiratory tract models. Complex models containing multiple cell phenotypes also provide a more reasonable approximation of what occurs in vivo without the confounding elements in the dynamic in vivo environment. The goal of engineering good 3D human models is the formation of physiologically functional respiratory tissue surrogates which can be used as pathogenesis models or in the case of 2D screening systems for drug therapy evaluation as well as human toxicity testing. We hope that this manuscript will serve as a guide for development of future respiratory tract model systems as well as a review of conventional models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan E Nichols
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Galveston, TX 77555-0435, USA University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Galveston, TX 77555-0435, USA University of Texas Medical Branch, School of Medicine, Galveston, TX 77555-0435, USA
| | - Jean A Niles
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Galveston, TX 77555-0435, USA
| | - Stephanie P Vega
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Galveston, TX 77555-0435, USA University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Galveston, TX 77555-0435, USA
| | - Lissenya B Argueta
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Galveston, TX 77555-0435, USA University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Galveston, TX 77555-0435, USA
| | - Adriene Eastaway
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Galveston, TX 77555-0435, USA University of Texas Medical Branch, School of Medicine, Galveston, TX 77555-0435, USA
| | - Joaquin Cortiella
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Anesthesiology, Galveston, TX 77555-0435, USA
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Costa A, Sarmento B, Seabra V. An evaluation of the latestin vitrotools for drug metabolism studies. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013; 10:103-19. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2014.857402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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45
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Haghi M, Traini D, Postma DS, Bebawy M, Young PM. Fluticasone uptake across Calu-3 cells is mediated by salmeterol when deposited as a combination powder inhaler. Respirology 2013; 18:1197-201. [DOI: 10.1111/resp.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehra Haghi
- Respiratory Technology; The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology; School of Medicine The University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology; The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology; School of Medicine The University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Dirkje S. Postma
- Deptartment of Pulmonary Medicine and Tuberculosis; GRIAC Research Institute; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Mary Bebawy
- School of Pharmacy; Graduate School of Health; The University of Technology; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Paul M. Young
- Respiratory Technology; The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology; School of Medicine The University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
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46
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Mechanisms of absorption and elimination of drugs administered by inhalation. Ther Deliv 2013; 4:1027-45. [PMID: 23919477 DOI: 10.4155/tde.13.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary drug delivery is an effective route for local or systemic drug administration. However, compared with other routes of administration, there is a scarcity of information on how drugs are absorbed from the lung. The different cell composition lining the airways and alveoli makes this task extremely complicated. Lung cell lines and primary culture cells are useful in studying the absorption mechanisms. However, it is imperative that these cell cultures express essential features required to study these mechanisms such as intact tight junctions and transporters. In vivo, the drug has to face defensive physical and immunological barriers such as mucociliary clearance and alveolar macrophages. Knowledge of the physicochemical properties of the drug and aerosol formulation is required. All of these factors interact together leading to either successful drug deposition followed by absorption or drug elimination. These aspects concerning drug transport in the lung are addressed in this review.
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Zheng C, Guo Q, Wu Z, Sun L, Zhang Z, Li C, Zhang X. Amphiphilic glycopolymer nanoparticles as vehicles for nasal delivery of peptides and proteins. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:474-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ong HX, Traini D, Young PM. Pharmaceutical applications of the Calu-3 lung epithelia cell line. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:1287-302. [PMID: 23730924 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.805743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Calu-3 lung cell line has been shown to be a promising in vitro model of airway epithelia due to its similarity to in vivo physiology. Hence, over the past decade, it has found increasing applications in the pharmaceutical industry. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the pharmaceutical applications of the Calu-3 cell line in areas such as mechanisms of drug transport, studying aerosol deposition, controlled release studies and identification of possible drug-drug interactions. The main findings of various studies, as well as the predictive potential of this model, are presented and discussed in this review. EXPERT OPINION There is still a lack of mechanistic knowledge regarding transport of inhaled therapeutics across the lungs. Cell culture models such as Calu-3 provide a simple and reproducible system to study the underlying mechanisms by which inhaled therapeutics interact with the lungs. However, more complex systems that integrate particle deposition onto different cell culture systems may be useful in addressing some fundamental questions to generate a better understanding of determinants that influences pulmonary drug dissolution, absorption, metabolism and efficacy. Ultimately the use of the Calu-3 cell line provides a basic research tool that enables the development of safer and more effective inhaled therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xin Ong
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Respiratory Technology, Glebe, NSW, Australia
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49
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The extracellular microenvironment explains variations in passive drug transport across different airway epithelial cell types. Pharm Res 2013; 30:2118-32. [PMID: 23708857 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1069-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to identify key variables in cellular architecture and physiology that might explain observed differences in the passive transport properties of small molecule drugs across different airway epithelial cell types. METHODS Propranolol (PR) was selected as a weakly basic, model compound to compare the transport properties of primary (NHBE) vs. tumor-derived (Calu-3) cells. Differentiated on Transwell™ inserts, the architecture of pure vs. mixed cell co-cultures was studied with confocal microscopy followed by quantitative morphometric analysis. Cellular pharmacokinetic modeling was used to identify parameters that differentially affect PR uptake and transport across these two cell types. RESULTS Pure Calu-3 and NHBE cells possessed different structural and functional properties. Nevertheless, mixed Calu-3 and NHBE cell co-cultures differentiated as stable cell monolayers. After measuring the total mass of PR, the fractional areas covered by Calu-3 and NHBE cells allowed deconvoluting the transport properties of each cell type. Based on the apparent thickness of the unstirred, cell surface aqueous layer, local differences in the extracellular microenvironment explained the measured variations in passive PR uptake and permeation between Calu-3 and NHBE cells. CONCLUSION Mixed cell co-cultures can be used to compare the local effects of the extracellular microenvironment on drug uptake and transport across two epithelial cell types.
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Ye Y, Xu Y, Liang W, Leung GPH, Cheung KH, Zheng C, Chen F, Lam JKW. DNA-loaded chitosan oligosaccharide nanoparticles with enhanced permeability across Calu-3 cells. J Drug Target 2013; 21:474-86. [PMID: 23480724 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.766885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharide (oligoCS) is a low molecular weight chitosan and its potential for DNA delivery is described here. DNA-loaded oligoCS nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation using thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) as cross-linker. The nanoparticles with oligoCS:DNA: TPP weight ratio of 50:1:25 were approximately 170 nm in diameter with a zeta potential of +40 mV, and were used in the permeability study. The cytotoxicity of oligoCS solutions and nanoparticles was evaluated by MTT assay. The concentrations that exhibited minimal cytotoxicity were employed to investigate their effect on trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and cellular uptake across the Calu-3 cell layer which was used as a nasal epithelial model. OligoCS nanoparticles were able to cause a significant and reversible decrease in TEER and promote efficient cellular uptake. In addition, the oligoCS nanoparticles were able to enhance paracellular permeability to a greater extent than oligoCS solutions at an equivalent concentration. However, the oligoCS nanoparticles were too large to cross the cell layers through the paracellular route. The transcellular pathway appeared to be the major mechanism of the transportation of oligoCS nanoparticles across the cell layers. OligoCS nanoparticles also allowed efficient DNA incorporation, thereby providing the possibility of controlled nucleic acids release and absorption across epithelial surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Ye
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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